country
string
year
int64
urban_rural
string
gender
string
age
int64
age_group
string
income_quintile
string
education
string
account_ownership
int64
digital_literacy
int64
smartphone_ownership
int64
internet_access
int64
digital_payment_use
int64
merchant_acceptance_rate
float64
payment_frequency_monthly
int64
avg_transaction_value_usd
float64
preferred_payment_method
string
payment_types_used
string
payment_purposes
string
primary_barrier
string
payment_success_rate
float64
cash_usage_ratio
float64
scenario
string
Ethiopia
2,020
rural
female
45
35-44
highest
secondary
0
1
0
1
0
0.199
0
0
cash
none
none
no_internet
0
0.959
low_burden
DRC
2,023
rural
male
17
15-24
middle
none
1
3
1
1
0
0.138
0
0
cash
none
none
merchant_refusal
0
0.817
low_burden
Kenya
2,019
rural
male
39
35-44
middle
primary
1
7
0
1
1
0.066
5
38.05
card_payment
qr_code,card_payment
bill_split,entertainment,healthcare,business_to_business
none
0.941
0.133
low_burden
Mozambique
2,018
urban
male
64
55+
second
secondary
1
4
1
1
0
0.281
0
0
cash
none
none
no_account
0
0.847
low_burden
Senegal
2,023
urban
female
24
15-24
highest
secondary
0
6
1
1
1
0.511
7
49.14
qr_code
ussd_payment,online_payment,mobile_money
groceries,government_services,business_to_business
none
0.959
0.413
low_burden
Nigeria
2,024
urban
male
60
55+
middle
secondary
1
4
0
0
1
0.232
7
36.3
online_payment
digital_wallet
bill_split,transport
none
0.622
0.432
low_burden
Tanzania
2,023
rural
female
39
35-44
second
secondary
1
9
0
0
1
0.158
4
37.22
bank_transfer
qr_code,bank_transfer,online_payment
healthcare,transport
none
0.788
0.258
low_burden
Senegal
2,024
urban
female
43
35-44
highest
primary
0
9
1
1
1
0.368
7
51.14
mobile_money
bank_transfer,qr_code
entertainment,business_to_business,bill_split,transport,government_services
none
0.909
0.463
low_burden
Tanzania
2,024
rural
male
50
45-54
second
primary
0
9
1
0
1
0.151
4
41.36
mobile_money
digital_wallet
bill_split,entertainment,utilities
none
0.51
0.499
low_burden
Uganda
2,022
rural
female
53
45-54
second
primary
0
6
0
0
0
0.137
0
0
cash
none
none
no_account
0
0.93
low_burden
Rwanda
2,022
rural
female
50
45-54
lowest
primary
0
5
0
0
0
0.118
0
0
cash
none
none
merchant_refusal
0
0.809
low_burden
Niger
2,024
rural
male
20
15-24
lowest
primary
0
7
0
0
0
0.171
0
0
cash
none
none
technical_problems
0
0.808
low_burden
Uganda
2,020
urban
male
31
25-34
fourth
secondary
0
3
1
1
0
0.29
0
0
cash
none
none
high_fees
0
0.926
low_burden
Tanzania
2,018
rural
male
61
55+
middle
primary
0
6
0
0
0
0.05
0
0
cash
none
none
no_internet
0
0.749
low_burden
Ghana
2,024
urban
male
17
15-24
highest
none
1
5
1
1
1
0.445
8
81.42
mobile_money
mobile_money,bank_transfer
transport,healthcare,groceries,government_services
none
0.824
0.585
low_burden
Rwanda
2,020
rural
female
54
45-54
lowest
secondary
1
10
1
0
0
0.099
0
0
cash
none
none
high_fees
0
0.755
low_burden
Niger
2,025
rural
female
43
35-44
middle
none
0
2
0
1
0
0.238
0
0
cash
none
none
technical_problems
0
0.83
low_burden
Niger
2,021
rural
female
21
15-24
fourth
tertiary
0
3
0
1
0
0.177
0
0
cash
none
none
no_account
0
0.884
low_burden
South Africa
2,024
rural
male
21
15-24
middle
primary
1
10
1
0
1
0.235
6
31.49
online_payment
online_payment,bank_transfer,digital_wallet
utilities,entertainment,bill_split,business_to_business
none
0.796
0.441
low_burden
Mali
2,018
urban
male
68
55+
middle
none
0
3
1
1
0
0.202
0
0
cash
none
none
trust_issues
0
0.744
low_burden
Tanzania
2,023
rural
male
16
15-24
middle
tertiary
0
8
0
1
1
0.14
4
21.97
ussd_payment
digital_wallet
entertainment,transport,bill_split,groceries,education
none
0.798
0.496
low_burden
Uganda
2,021
rural
female
16
15-24
fourth
secondary
1
5
1
1
0
0.091
0
0
cash
none
none
preference_cash
0
0.876
low_burden
Rwanda
2,021
rural
male
15
15-24
highest
secondary
0
4
1
0
1
0.087
5
102.62
ussd_payment
online_payment
transport,bill_split,utilities
none
0.797
0.473
low_burden
Mozambique
2,020
urban
female
49
45-54
second
primary
1
6
0
1
0
0.301
0
0
cash
none
none
merchant_refusal
0
0.776
low_burden
South Africa
2,025
urban
female
65
55+
second
primary
0
9
0
1
1
0.546
8
36.48
mobile_money
ussd_payment,qr_code
bill_split,utilities,entertainment,online_shopping,healthcare
none
0.892
0.177
low_burden
Ghana
2,021
rural
male
24
15-24
middle
secondary
0
3
1
0
1
0.073
6
20.49
ussd_payment
card_payment,online_payment,mobile_money
entertainment,education,healthcare
none
0.88
0.191
low_burden
Ghana
2,024
urban
female
58
55+
second
primary
0
8
0
1
0
0.393
0
0
cash
none
none
no_internet
0
0.879
low_burden
Kenya
2,021
rural
female
54
45-54
lowest
secondary
0
9
0
1
1
0.179
2
20.36
bank_transfer
card_payment
groceries,online_shopping
none
0.827
0.25
low_burden
Nigeria
2,018
rural
female
27
25-34
highest
primary
0
4
0
0
0
0.069
0
0
cash
none
none
preference_cash
0
0.778
low_burden
Senegal
2,025
rural
male
18
15-24
lowest
primary
1
8
0
1
1
0.157
7
24.61
mobile_money
digital_wallet,qr_code
groceries,online_shopping,utilities
none
0.9
0.214
low_burden
Senegal
2,019
urban
male
41
35-44
lowest
none
0
10
1
1
0
0.385
0
0
cash
none
none
no_internet
0
0.837
low_burden
Ethiopia
2,020
rural
female
19
15-24
middle
secondary
1
10
1
0
0
0.173
0
0
cash
none
none
merchant_refusal
0
0.38
low_burden
Tanzania
2,024
urban
male
21
15-24
lowest
primary
0
9
0
0
1
0.541
6
23.95
mobile_money
card_payment,qr_code,digital_wallet
utilities,transport
none
0.966
0.318
low_burden
DRC
2,025
rural
female
40
35-44
lowest
tertiary
0
10
0
0
1
0.273
0
17.64
ussd_payment
online_payment,qr_code
education,transport,business_to_business
none
0.912
0.563
low_burden
Malawi
2,025
rural
male
59
55+
lowest
primary
0
8
0
0
0
0.166
0
0
cash
none
none
preference_cash
0
0.845
low_burden
DRC
2,021
urban
female
69
55+
lowest
primary
1
7
1
0
1
0.329
9
13.39
online_payment
digital_wallet,ussd_payment,mobile_money
utilities,transport,online_shopping
none
0.941
0.262
low_burden
South Africa
2,024
urban
female
49
45-54
second
primary
1
3
1
1
1
0.311
7
22.73
qr_code
ussd_payment
transport,education
none
0.764
0.144
low_burden
Tanzania
2,020
urban
male
30
25-34
fourth
secondary
1
10
0
0
1
0.323
14
26.02
mobile_money
mobile_money,qr_code
groceries,utilities,bill_split
none
0.78
0.673
low_burden
Ghana
2,023
rural
male
33
25-34
second
secondary
1
4
1
0
1
0.197
4
18.93
online_payment
digital_wallet
government_services,entertainment,business_to_business,utilities,groceries
none
0.924
0.38
low_burden
South Africa
2,022
rural
female
48
45-54
second
primary
1
8
0
1
1
0.194
3
22.4
online_payment
qr_code,mobile_money,card_payment
healthcare,education,government_services
none
0.963
0.395
low_burden
Rwanda
2,018
urban
male
24
15-24
middle
primary
1
9
1
1
1
0.424
7
23.36
ussd_payment
card_payment
transport,business_to_business,groceries,online_shopping
none
0.732
0.254
low_burden
Tanzania
2,021
urban
female
43
35-44
second
secondary
0
5
0
1
0
0.565
0
0
cash
none
none
merchant_refusal
0
0.797
low_burden
Rwanda
2,021
rural
female
57
55+
second
primary
1
8
0
1
0
0.092
0
0
cash
none
none
preference_cash
0
0.884
low_burden
Zambia
2,020
urban
male
61
55+
second
secondary
0
8
0
0
0
0.251
0
0
cash
none
none
high_fees
0
0.657
low_burden
Mozambique
2,020
rural
female
18
15-24
second
secondary
1
9
1
1
1
0.086
3
27.9
ussd_payment
card_payment
online_shopping,entertainment,business_to_business,groceries
none
0.888
0.271
low_burden
Ghana
2,022
rural
female
30
25-34
second
primary
0
10
1
1
1
0.089
5
54.66
mobile_money
online_payment,bank_transfer,digital_wallet
government_services,online_shopping,entertainment
none
0.724
0.234
low_burden
South Africa
2,018
rural
female
29
25-34
lowest
secondary
0
4
1
1
1
0.096
5
36.25
ussd_payment
qr_code,mobile_money
business_to_business,healthcare,government_services,entertainment
none
0.615
0.372
low_burden
South Africa
2,019
rural
male
45
35-44
highest
secondary
0
8
1
0
0
0.052
0
0
cash
none
none
no_internet
0
0.914
low_burden
Nigeria
2,024
rural
male
25
15-24
highest
none
0
2
1
0
0
0.23
0
0
cash
none
none
limited_acceptance
0
0.616
low_burden
Nigeria
2,020
rural
male
67
55+
highest
primary
0
8
1
1
0
0.13
0
0
cash
none
none
trust_issues
0
0.909
low_burden
Zambia
2,022
urban
female
65
55+
lowest
primary
1
3
1
0
0
0.301
0
0
cash
none
none
no_account
0
0.957
low_burden
Kenya
2,022
urban
female
33
25-34
fourth
secondary
0
5
1
1
1
0.233
6
38.97
ussd_payment
mobile_money
government_services,utilities,entertainment,transport
none
0.932
0.261
low_burden
Tanzania
2,022
rural
female
37
35-44
middle
secondary
1
2
0
0
1
0.186
4
84.41
qr_code
digital_wallet,bank_transfer,online_payment
online_shopping,bill_split,education,utilities,transport
none
0.893
0.666
low_burden
Malawi
2,021
urban
male
39
35-44
lowest
primary
0
10
0
0
0
0.331
0
0
cash
none
none
trust_issues
0
0.907
low_burden
South Africa
2,021
rural
female
17
15-24
highest
primary
0
5
1
1
1
0.097
4
151.55
online_payment
ussd_payment,qr_code,card_payment
business_to_business,entertainment
none
0.954
0.561
low_burden
South Africa
2,024
rural
female
63
55+
fourth
none
1
4
0
0
1
0.132
5
36.85
mobile_money
online_payment,ussd_payment,qr_code
groceries,online_shopping
none
0.961
0.464
low_burden
Nigeria
2,025
rural
female
57
55+
lowest
none
0
4
1
1
0
0.237
0
0
cash
none
none
preference_cash
0
0.938
low_burden
Mozambique
2,020
urban
male
33
25-34
highest
primary
1
9
1
1
1
0.34
9
110.4
mobile_money
qr_code
groceries,entertainment,education,bill_split
none
0.955
0.475
low_burden
Uganda
2,023
rural
female
45
35-44
lowest
none
0
10
0
1
0
0.196
0
0
cash
none
none
no_internet
0
0.916
low_burden
Mali
2,025
rural
male
35
25-34
second
none
0
7
0
0
0
0.27
0
0
cash
none
none
high_fees
0
0.825
low_burden
DRC
2,018
urban
male
27
25-34
lowest
secondary
0
4
1
0
0
0.323
0
0
cash
none
none
no_internet
0
0.77
low_burden
Mozambique
2,024
rural
female
31
25-34
lowest
secondary
0
7
1
0
0
0.148
0
0
cash
none
none
no_internet
0
0.876
low_burden
Ghana
2,021
rural
female
20
15-24
highest
none
1
3
1
0
1
0.075
3
85.12
digital_wallet
digital_wallet,mobile_money
bill_split,business_to_business,transport,online_shopping
none
0.884
0.236
low_burden
Mozambique
2,025
rural
male
59
55+
middle
secondary
0
2
1
0
0
0.155
0
0
cash
none
none
trust_issues
0
0.929
low_burden
Uganda
2,022
rural
female
51
45-54
second
none
0
2
0
0
0
0.108
0
0
cash
none
none
merchant_refusal
0
0.838
low_burden
Zambia
2,024
urban
female
66
55+
fourth
primary
1
8
0
1
1
0.416
14
18.63
online_payment
mobile_money,bank_transfer,digital_wallet
bill_split,business_to_business,transport,education
none
0.95
0.333
low_burden
Zambia
2,019
rural
male
15
15-24
highest
tertiary
1
10
0
0
1
0.055
4
45.41
mobile_money
bank_transfer
business_to_business,transport,online_shopping
none
0.754
0.202
low_burden
Tanzania
2,019
rural
female
49
45-54
highest
secondary
1
3
0
1
0
0.068
0
0
cash
none
none
technical_problems
0
0.839
low_burden
Kenya
2,025
urban
male
45
35-44
highest
none
0
10
1
0
0
0.391
0
0
cash
none
none
merchant_refusal
0
0.902
low_burden
Mali
2,022
rural
male
49
45-54
highest
primary
0
3
1
1
0
0.178
0
0
cash
none
none
no_internet
0
0.973
low_burden
Ethiopia
2,022
urban
male
69
55+
middle
secondary
1
5
0
1
1
0.45
7
49.88
online_payment
qr_code
government_services,education,entertainment,transport,online_shopping
none
0.91
0.236
low_burden
Rwanda
2,019
urban
female
36
35-44
second
primary
1
3
0
1
0
0.329
0
0
cash
none
none
trust_issues
0
0.84
low_burden
Malawi
2,019
rural
male
22
15-24
highest
tertiary
1
3
1
1
1
0.05
7
39.58
mobile_money
qr_code,mobile_money,digital_wallet
healthcare,transport,groceries
none
0.792
0.627
low_burden
Ethiopia
2,024
urban
male
15
15-24
lowest
primary
1
9
1
1
1
0.388
12
38.73
bank_transfer
bank_transfer,ussd_payment,online_payment
entertainment,government_services,transport
none
0.813
0.548
low_burden
Mozambique
2,020
rural
female
42
35-44
lowest
none
1
5
0
1
0
0.059
0
0
cash
none
none
no_account
0
0.912
low_burden
Uganda
2,022
urban
female
24
15-24
second
secondary
0
4
1
1
0
0.2
0
0
cash
none
none
preference_cash
0
0.859
low_burden
Mali
2,020
rural
female
22
15-24
second
secondary
1
7
0
0
0
0.058
0
0
cash
none
none
no_internet
0
0.859
low_burden
Mali
2,020
urban
female
23
15-24
middle
primary
0
6
1
1
0
0.328
0
0
cash
none
none
limited_acceptance
0
0.73
low_burden
Ethiopia
2,019
rural
male
30
25-34
highest
tertiary
1
6
1
1
1
0.055
8
141.99
mobile_money
qr_code
transport,business_to_business,bill_split
none
0.917
0.179
low_burden
Ghana
2,025
urban
male
21
15-24
middle
tertiary
0
10
1
1
1
0.535
7
49.23
online_payment
card_payment,digital_wallet,online_payment
business_to_business,groceries,utilities
none
0.747
0.476
low_burden
Kenya
2,025
rural
female
41
35-44
middle
none
1
5
0
0
1
0.25
5
16.05
digital_wallet
qr_code
education,entertainment,transport,government_services
none
0.789
0.184
low_burden
South Africa
2,018
urban
female
50
45-54
second
none
1
6
0
1
1
0.137
10
43.74
mobile_money
online_payment,card_payment,digital_wallet
utilities,transport,entertainment,healthcare,groceries
none
0.687
0.347
low_burden
South Africa
2,020
urban
male
30
25-34
fourth
primary
1
9
1
1
1
0.282
7
84.4
online_payment
bank_transfer,digital_wallet
business_to_business,groceries
none
0.727
0.221
low_burden
Ghana
2,022
rural
male
22
15-24
lowest
secondary
0
10
0
1
0
0.141
0
0
cash
none
none
merchant_refusal
0
0.627
low_burden
Kenya
2,021
rural
male
46
45-54
lowest
secondary
0
8
1
0
0
0.126
0
0
cash
none
none
merchant_refusal
0
0.761
low_burden
Uganda
2,023
rural
male
19
15-24
middle
primary
1
6
0
0
1
0.121
5
54.89
mobile_money
online_payment,digital_wallet,card_payment
entertainment,transport,online_shopping
none
0.822
0.308
low_burden
Uganda
2,020
urban
female
55
45-54
middle
tertiary
0
6
1
1
0
0.251
0
0
cash
none
none
merchant_refusal
0
0.917
low_burden
DRC
2,018
urban
female
36
35-44
second
primary
0
3
1
1
0
0.263
0
0
cash
none
none
no_internet
0
0.916
low_burden
Mozambique
2,020
rural
male
37
35-44
second
secondary
1
2
0
0
0
0.118
0
0
cash
none
none
no_account
0
0.758
low_burden
Nigeria
2,022
rural
female
28
25-34
lowest
secondary
0
9
1
1
1
0.114
2
25.16
online_payment
card_payment,mobile_money
utilities,bill_split,transport,groceries,business_to_business
none
0.77
0.479
low_burden
Mali
2,019
urban
female
30
25-34
fourth
none
1
10
0
1
1
0.34
12
124.92
online_payment
bank_transfer,ussd_payment,qr_code
bill_split,online_shopping,government_services,groceries,healthcare
none
0.807
0.244
low_burden
Nigeria
2,024
rural
male
23
15-24
second
primary
0
5
1
0
0
0.202
0
0
cash
none
none
preference_cash
0
0.698
low_burden
Ethiopia
2,018
rural
male
45
35-44
second
primary
0
10
0
0
0
0.05
0
0
cash
none
none
trust_issues
0
0.896
low_burden
Senegal
2,018
rural
female
23
15-24
highest
tertiary
1
10
1
1
1
0.05
5
59.81
ussd_payment
qr_code,online_payment
business_to_business,utilities,groceries,bill_split,healthcare
none
0.873
0.4
low_burden
Niger
2,022
urban
male
52
45-54
fourth
primary
0
8
0
0
1
0.29
15
47.3
mobile_money
ussd_payment
online_shopping,groceries
none
0.877
0.335
low_burden
Mozambique
2,022
rural
female
29
25-34
lowest
secondary
1
4
0
0
0
0.147
0
0
cash
none
none
high_fees
0
0.883
low_burden
Kenya
2,020
urban
female
46
45-54
middle
primary
0
7
1
1
1
0.325
11
22.51
mobile_money
qr_code,bank_transfer,digital_wallet
utilities,bill_split
none
0.945
0.26
low_burden
Nigeria
2,020
rural
female
44
35-44
lowest
primary
0
9
0
1
1
0.093
1
23.24
mobile_money
ussd_payment,qr_code
business_to_business,government_services,transport,bill_split
none
0.847
0.287
low_burden
Tanzania
2,018
urban
female
49
45-54
lowest
tertiary
0
8
0
0
0
0.487
0
0
cash
none
none
merchant_refusal
0
0.938
low_burden
Tanzania
2,023
rural
female
56
55+
fourth
primary
1
5
0
1
1
0.151
4
46.28
bank_transfer
ussd_payment
utilities,healthcare,entertainment,groceries
none
0.859
0.387
low_burden