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If the firm cannot survive without this particular stakeholder or replace him or her relatively easily, then such a
person should have priority over other stakeholders who do not meet this criterion. Key suppliers, lucra... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:... |
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relationship with him or her.
Not every stakeholder can command constant attention, and no firm has unlimited time or resources, so in
one sense, this prioritizing is simply the business of management. Combine the inher... | {"total_pages": 377, "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "file_size_mb": 44.59, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\B... |
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80
Chapter 3 Defining and Prioritizing Stakeholders
need to economize by shopping elsewhere.17 Whole Foods’ competitors, on the other hand, must now
prioritize customer service, whereas before they could compe... | {"producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_type": ".pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "fil... |
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Figure 3.5
Stakeholder priority can be expressed as a relationship between the stakeholder group’s
influence or power and the interest the stakeholder takes in the relationship. (attribution: Copyright Rice
University, OpenStax, under CC BY 4.0 lic... | {"total_pages": 377, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "batch_upload": true, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "title": "Business Ethics", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_siz... |
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The model’s focus on power reveals a need for any company to carefully cultivate relationships with
stakeholders. Not all stakeholders have equal influence with a firm. Still, no organization can blithely ignore
any stakeholder without potentially debilitating economi... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "total_pages": 377, "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec03... |
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-... | employees, or the community in which a firm is located. Naturally, satisfied stakeholders lead to the financial
well-being of a company.
This OpenStax book is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col25722/1.3
Chapter 3 Defining and Prioritizing Stakeholders
81
Managing Stakeholder Expectations
Stakeholder... | {"creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_type": ".pdf", "moddate": "... |
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reidentified, because stakeholder cohorts change in size and significance over time. The concerns or claims of
stakeholders are identified through data gathering and analysis. Sometimes a firm will conduct survey... | {"total_pages": 377, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "batch_uploa... |
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0.0... | where firms can monitor topics stakeholders of all types are talking about. What matters is gathering relevant
and accurate data and ensuring that key stakeholders are providing it. In the next step, managers present the
results of their research to the company’s decision makers or make decisions themselves.19 Finally... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "batch_upload": true, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "upload_timestam... |
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0.00025... | W H A T W O U L D Y O U D O ?
Malaysia Airlines
Malaysia Airlines is owned by individual investors and the Malaysian government, which took over the
company in 2014 after two mysterious jet crashes. The airline has lost money and struggled since that
time, going through three CEOs. The current CEO, Peter Bell... | {"creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "total_pages": 377, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa... |
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• Describe the government stakeholder claims on Malaysia Airlines.
82
Chapter 3 Defining and Prioritizing Stakeholders
• What would you advise Bellew to identify as a priority—the demand from pilgrims for easy travel at
a reduced price or the demand... | {"file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "batch_upload": true, "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "upload_timestamp": "2026-... |
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to for-profits for their sustainability. Nonprofits typically provide a service that is just as dependent on cash
flow as is the service or product of a for-profit. A significant difference, of course, is t... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "total_pages": 377, "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\b... |
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charities are gifts intended for others very much in need of them. So those who manage nonprofits have a
special obligation to ensure that these donations are well spent and distributed appropriately.21
There are... | {"source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "tit... |
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a minimal cash deposit originally paid at the time of purchase. The bottles had to be thick and sturdy for reuse,
which resulted in substantial transportation costs, due to their weight.
To reduce these cos... | {"moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "file_size_mb": 44.59, "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf"... |
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involvement.
E T H I C S A C R O S S T I M E A N D C U LT U R E S
Going King Sized in the United State... | {"batch_upload": true, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business... |
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some at home. The company learned, among other things, that U.S. customers assumed IKEA featured
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stakeholder wishes. The firm abandons some of its usual protocols in exchange for increasing consumer
identification with its products.
IKEA appears to have learned what many companies with a global presence have concluded:... | {"creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "batch_upload": true, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "title": "Business Ethics", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "u... |
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• Does IKEA’s strategy reflect a normative approach to managing stakeholder claims? If so, how?
The ethical responsibility of a stakeholder is to make known his or her preferences to the companies he or she
purchases from or relies on. Such communication can ... | {"file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "total_pages": 377, "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "file_size_mb": 44.59, "file_hash": ... |
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Thus far, we have discussed stakeholders mostly as individuals and groups outside the organization. This
section focuses on the business firm as a stakeholder in its environment and examines the concept of a
corporation as a socially respons... | {"file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "total_pages": 377, "batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "source... |
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poor customer service, to name a few. This section examines the concept of a corporation as a socially
responsible entity conscious of the influences it has on society.
Corporate Social Responsibility Defined
In recent years, many organizations have embraced corporat... | {"title": "Business Ethics", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "total_pages": 377, "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "batch_upload": true, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "creator":... |
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stakeholders that have typically been given low priority and little voice, such as the natural environment and
community members who live near corporate sites and manufacturing facilities.
CSR in its ideal... | {"total_pages": 377, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pd... |
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Carson first brought public attention to corporation’s chemical poisoning of U.S. waterways in her 1962 book
Silent Spring.
Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique (1963) critiqued the way twentieth-century ind... | {"moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "title": "Business Ethics", "total_pages": 377, "batch_upload": true, "file_type": ".pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP... |
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by groups mostly ignored until now by the wave of corporate economic growth reshaping the industrialized
world.
CSR and the Environment
Corporations have responded to stakeholder concerns about the environment ... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "title": "Business Ethics", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "upload_timestamp": "... |
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business opportunities, and lowered quality of life. Enlightened business stakeholders realize that profit is only
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United States apply social and legal pressure on businesses to improve their environmental practices. For
example, the state of California in 2015 enacted a set of laws, referred to as the California Transparency in
Supply Chains Act, which requires firms to report on the working conditions of the employees of th... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "batch_upload": true, "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "... |
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chain stakeholders than risk alienating massive numbers of customers.26
As instances of this type of pressure on corporations increase around the world, stakeholder groups become
simultaneously less isolated an... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "total_pages": ... |
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consultant (Figure 3.6), and it forces us to reconsider the very concept of the “bottom line.” Most businesses,
and most consumers for that matter, think of the bottom line as a shorthand expression of their finan... | {"file_size_mb": 44.59, "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "title": "Business Ethics", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "file_type": ".pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "total_pages": 377, "batch_upload":... |
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The three components of the triple bottom line are interrelated. (attribution: Copyright Rice
University, OpenStax, under CC BY 4.0 license)
The TBL concept recognizes that external stakeholders consider it a corporation’s responsibility to go beyond
86
Chapter 3 Defining and Prioritizing Stakeholders
... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "batch_upload": true, "file_type": ".pdf", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "mod... |
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CSR as Public Relations Tool
On the other hand, for some, CSR is nothing more than an opportunity for publicity as a firm tries to look good
through various environmentally or socially friendly initiatives without making systemic changes that will ... | {"moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "title": "Business Ethics", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "batch_upload": true, "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf"... |
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Ben and Jerry’s Ice Cream started as a small ice cream stand in Vermont and based its products on pure,
locally supplied dairy and agricultural products. The company grew quickly and is now a global brand
owned by Unilever, an international consumer goods co... | {"creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\... |
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cream—from larger suppliers, most of which use confined-animal feeding operations (CAFOs). CAFOs
have been condemned by animal-rights activists as harmful to the well-being of the animals. Consumer
activists also claim th... | {"producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "title": "Business Ethics", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "creator": "DocBook X... |
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L I N K T O L E A R N I N G
Read Ben and Jerry’s Statement of Mission (https://openstax.org/l/53BenJerry) for more on the
company’s values and mission.
Coca-Cola provides another example of practices some would identify as greenwashing. The company states
the following on its website:
“Engaging our diverse... | {"total_pages": 377, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "batch_upload": true, "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.7... |
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0.00576... | Let us take a close look at this statement. “Engaging stakeholders in long-term dialogue” appears to describe
an ongoing and reciprocal relationship that helps improvement be continuous. Commitment to “stakeholder
engagement as a core component of business and sustainability strategies” appears to focus the company o... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "total_pages": 377, "title": "Business Ethics", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "batch_upload": true, "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "fi... |
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example, in Chiapas, Mexico, the Coca-Cola bottling plant consumes more than one billion liters of water daily,
but only about half the population has running water.28 Mexico leads the world in per capita consumpt... | {"batch_upload": true, "file_size_mb": 44.59, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_type": "... |
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0.... | stakeholders. By positioning themselves as stakeholders in a broader global community, conscientious
corporations can be exemplary organizations. They can demonstrate interest and influence on a global scale
and improve the way the manufacture of goods and delivery of services serve the local and global
environment.... | {"batch_upload": true, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "title": "Business Ethics", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "uploaded_via": "batch_upload... |
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88
Chapter 3 Defining and Prioritizing Stakeholders
opportunity in dynamic fashion. Without them, the global consumer economy may fail. On an alternate and
ethical path of prosperity, today’s supplier is a consumer in... | {"file_size_mb": 44.59, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_b... |
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diffused stakeholder
a stakeholder with an interest in a company’s decisions and whose impacts on a firm
can be large even if the relationship is generally weaker than other types
enabling stakeholder
a stakeholder who permits an organization to function within the economic and legal
system
ethical... | {"file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "title": "Business Ethics", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creationdate": "2018-09-21... |
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instrumental approach
a theory proposing that good management of stakeholders is important because it
can help the bottom line
normative approach
a theory that considers stakeholders as ends unto themselves rather than means to
achieve a better bottom line
normative stakeholder
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triple bottom line (TBL)
a measure that accounts for an organization’s results in terms of its effects on
people, planet, and profits
Summary
3.1 Adopting a Stakeholder Orientation
An organization has duties and responsibilities with rega... | {"file_size_mb": 44.59, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00"... |
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claims by classifying them on the basis of their intensity and impact on the firm, as well as on the basis of their
relationship to the firm. Such classifications may include enabling stakeholders, normative sta... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "upload_timesta... |
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prioritized on the basis of their relationship to the organization using a matrix of their power and interest.
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-0.01... | marketplace. The triple bottom line places people and the planet on equal standing with profit in the mission
of an organization. The genuine practice of CSR, unlike greenwashing, requires a commitment to an additional
stakeholder, the planet, whose continued healthy existence is essential for any organization to ope... | {"creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "uploaded_via": "ba... |
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B. has a general interest in the fate of all publicly traded companies
C.
focuses on the means by which firms get their products to market
D. always purchases the product or service of a particular company
5. A stakeholder claim ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
is usually a complaint
is al... | {"moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "batch_upload": true, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "source_file": "downloads\\business\... |
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A. build trust, identify stakeholders, prioritize claims, visualize changes, and perform triage
B. build trust, identify stakeholders, gather and analyze data, present results, make changes, and prepare
a communication strategy
C. build trust, identify stakeholders, gather and analyze data, pr... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "total_pages": 377, "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Busin... |
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12. True or false? Corporate social responsibility is a voluntary action for companies.
13. The Dow Jones Sustainability Indices provides information for ________.
A.
B.
C.
investors who seek quick profit
investors who seek long-term returns
investors who value CSR in companies
D. marketing promoti... | {"creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "source": "d... |
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Lynn A. Stout, “The Shareholder Value Myth,” Paper 771 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Law Faculty Publications 2013), 6.
http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2311&context=facpub.
Thomas Donaldson and Lee E. Preston, ... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics... |
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-0.0... | Christopher Meyer and Andre Schwager, “Understanding Customer Experience,” Harvard Business Review, February 2007. https://hbr.org/
2007/02/understanding-customer-experience.
Paul Williams and Earl Naumann, “Customer Satisfaction and Business Performance: A Firm-Level Analysis,” Journal of Services Marketing
25, no. 1 ... | {"batch_upload": true, "title": "Business Ethics", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "file_size_mb": 44.59, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pd... |
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0.084032... | 10. Mia Galuppo, “Scarlett Johansson Drops Out of ‘Rub & Tug’ Trans Film Following Backlash,” Hollywood Reporter, July 13, 2018.
https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/scarlett-johansson-drops-trans-film-rub-tug-backlash-1127003.
11. Aaron Hicklin, “Exclusive: Scarlett Johansson Withdraws from Rub & Tug,” Out, July 1... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "total_pages": 377, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "fi... |
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0.07492592... | investing/volkswagen-diesel-cost-30-billion/index.html.
14. Miles Brignall, “Volkswagen’s US Compensation Deal Leaves British Drivers Fuming,” The Guardian, October 29, 2016.
https://www.theguardian.com/money/2016/oct/29/volkswagen-us-compensation-deal-british-drivers-fuming; Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson,
“German Consumers... | {"file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "total_pages": 377, "title": "Business Ethics", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "batch_upload": true, "upload... |
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92
Chapter 3 Defining and Prioritizing Stakeholders
17. Nathaniel Meyersohn, “Why Kroger Is Making Its Own Clothes,” CNN Money, November 3, 2017. http://money.cnn.com/2017/11/03/news/
companies/kroger-clothes/index.html.
18. “Systems Engineering Guide. Stakeholder Assessment and Management,” MITRE. https:... | {"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "total_pages": 377, "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source": "downloads\\business... |
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0.0081... | 19. “Systems Engineering Guide. Stakeholder Assessment and Management,” MITRE. https://www.mitre.org/publications/systems-
engineering-guide/enterprise-engineering/transformation-planning-and-organizational-change/stakeholder--assessment-and-
management (accessed May 1, 2018).
John Anthony, “Malaysia Airlines Prepares ... | {"batch_upload": true, "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "total_pages": 377, "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "upload_timestam... |
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world/shh-its-naptime-at-ikea-in-china.html.
24. Victoria Knowles, “What’s the Difference Between CSR and Sustainability?” 2degrees, March 25, 2014. https://www.2degreesnetwork.c... | {"creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:0... |
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0.072... | https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/sb657/resource-guide.pdf.
27. Coca-Cola Company, “2016 Sustainability Report: Stakeholder Engagement,” August 18, 2017. http://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/
stakeholder-engagement#2.
28. Martha Pskowski, “Coca-Cola Sucks Wells Dry in Chiapas, Forcing Residents to Buy... | {"total_pages": 377, "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "batch_upload": true, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_type": ".pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\... |
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their opinion as it builds support from the ground up. (attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under
CC BY 4.0 license)
Chapter Outline
4.1 Corporate Law and Corporate Responsibility
4.2 Sustainabili... | {"source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "file_type": ".pdf",... |
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policy; it’s a philosophy, capturing the essence of nemawashi, or “building strong roots” (Figure 4.1). CSR also
demonstrates that a company is willing to commit the financial and human resources necessary to make i... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "batch_upload": true, "file_size_mb": 44.59, "source": "down... |
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4.1 Corporate Law and Corporate Responsibility
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Explain how investors and owners benefit from doing business as a corporate entity
• Define the concept of shareholder... | {"creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "batch_upload": true, "total_pages": 377, "uploaded_via": "batch_... |
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The Advantages of Corporate Status
The concept of limited liability means that the owners (shareholders or stockholders) of corporations, as well
as directors and managers, are protected by laws stating that in most circumstances, their losses in ... | {"file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "upload... |
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partnership.
Figure 4.2
Corporate shareholders elect directors who appoint the company’s officers—all of whom benefit
from limited liability. (attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY 4.0... | {"creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "total_pages": 377, "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "batch_upload": true, "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361a... |
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personal financial liability could limit the ability of businesses to raise capital by selling stock. Limited liability,
by reducing the amount a shareholder can lose from investing in a corporation by buying its stock, increases
the investment’s attractiveness to potential new shareholders. Ultimately, corporate... | {"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "total_pages": 377, "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "file_type": ".pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_bu... |
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that traditional proprietorships and partnerships are not able to do. Socializing a loss is a means to amortize it
or spread it out over society in general, so the owners do not absorb it individually. Am... | {"file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_type": ".pdf", "batch_upload": true, "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\lega... |
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this for that—is acceptance of corporate social responsibility, to benefit the many stakeholders to whom
corporations may owe a duty, including customers, the community, the environment, employees, media, and
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A longstanding ethical debate about corporate social responsibility asks whether, in fact, a corporation owes a
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surprisingly, lowering prices. Shareholders then sued Ford, asking the court to order Ford Motor Company to
... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "total_pages": 377, "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", ... |
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Ford Motor Company primarily in the profit-maximizing interests of its shareholders rather than in the broader
interests of his workers and customers. (credit a: modification of “Ford assembly line - 1913” by unk... | {"producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "total_pages": 377, "file_... |
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The legality and appropriateness of social responsibility as a business policy have followed a long and winding
road since 1919. In the 1950s and 1960s, for example, some state courts rejected the shareholder primacy
doctrin... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "title": "Business Ethics", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d813... |
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playing night games at Wrigley Field, even though every other stadium in major league baseball had lights.
Instead, the Cubs had respected the local community’s belief that night baseball games and their assoc... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "total_pages": 377, "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "title": "Business Ethics", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "upl... |
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shareholder value, as had been held in the Ford Motor Company case.6 As a follow-up to this case, lights were
finally installed at Wrigley Field in 1988, but only after the owner, William Wrigley III, had sold the team (in
1981) to the Tr... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "creator": "DocBook X... |
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by a few shareholders) can object on ethical, moral, or religious grounds to the Affordable Care Act’s rule that
health insurance policies must cover various forms of contraception; such companies can elect n... | {"batch_upload": true, "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "title": "Business Ethics", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "file_type": "... |
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The decision was a victory for the family that owns Hobby Lobby and has been praised by some and criticized
by others for expanding the rights of corporate owners. Some analysts believe it represents more than just an
expansion of management prerogative and enlarges the right of corporations... | {"moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "total_pages": 377, "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "title": "Business Ethics", "creator": "DocBook X... |
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the applicability of the case to only closely held corporations, in which the majority of the stock is owned by a
small number of shareholders.
Some might think Henry Ford’s attempt to forego profits in order ... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_hash": "3a73f4b59... |
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Another potential problem with giving management greater rights to pursue social agendas is... | {"batch_upload": true, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "title": "... |
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This OpenStax book is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col25722/1.3
Chapter 4 Three Special Stakeholders: Society, the Environment, and Government
99
for minority interests are likely to apply... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00... |
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Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation.
As we have seen, slow but steady acceptance of CSR as a legitimate business concept has led to the legal and
ethical position that corporate directors and managers may... | {"creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "batch_upload": true, "file_type": ".pdf", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "source": "downloads\\b... |
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largest corporations necessitates that executives consider the interests of a broader set of stakeholders, rather
than only stockholders. Indeed, social, environmental, and charitable programs often create shar... | {"creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "batch_upload": true, "total_pages": 377, "title": ... |
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company’s products are of high quality, and often they are also more willing to buy these products as an
indirect way of donating to a good cause.
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In Friedman’s opinion, too much power assumed by corporate management in pursuing a social agenda
might ultimately lead to a form of corporate autocracy. Supporters of the profit maximization principle believe
it is a waste of corporate resources to reduce air pollution below the... | {"total_pages": 377, "file_type": ".pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "creationdate": "2018... |
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When Friedman was laying out this position in the 1970s, it reflected the prevailing opinion of a majority of U.S.
shareholders and commentators on corporate law at that time. In the years since then, however, Friedman’s
perspective has fallen into dis... | {"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "title": "Business Ethics", "source_file": "do... |
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loyalty. Some examples of relationships that include a fiduciary duty are those between a trustee of an estate
and its beneficiary, and between a fund manager and a client. According to the American Bar Associati... | {"total_pages": 377, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.p... |
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corporation. But what exactly does that duty entail? Does that specifically mean returning profits to
shareholders in the form of dividends? As we have seen, these questions have frequently spilled over into the
... | {"batch_upload": true, "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "total_pages": 377, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "file_... |
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UCLA law professor Steven Bainbridge wrote in the New York Times: “If directors were allowed to deviate from
shareholder wealth maximization, they would inevitably turn to indeterminate balancing standards, which
provide no accountability.”13 As support f... | {"file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_size_mb": 4... |
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-0.00385... | corporate profits and shareholder value—even if this means skirting ethical rules, damaging the environment
or harming employees. But this belief is utterly false. Modern corporate law does not require for-profit
corporations to pursue profit at the expense of everything else, and many do not.”15 Her opinion is based ... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa3947... |
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... | as well as that of politicians and even the courts, is like a pendulum swinging back and forth, usually between
points of view that are center-right or center-left, rather than at the extremes. However, the pendulum is reset
every so often, and the arc within which it swings may differ from era to era.
This OpenStax... | {"total_pages": 377, "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "file... |
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0.04829271137714386,
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-0.024... | headquartered in Rotterdam and London, illustrates the kind of values-oriented corporate endeavor
Drucker describes. Project Shakti is a Unilever CSR initiative in India that links corporate social
responsibility and financial opportunities for local women.17 It is considered a leading example of micro-
entrepreneurs... | {"file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "title": "Business Ethics", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "uploaded_via... |
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understand how to run their own small sole proprietorships as distributors of the company’s products.
With support from a team of rural sales managers, women who had been unable to support themselves
are now becoming empow... | {"title": "Business Ethics", "file_type": ".pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "file_size_mb": 44.59, "source": "downloads\\... |
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area than women cover on foot. The women spend most of their time running the business.
Project Shakti has enlisted more than 100,000 rural participants, which includes about 75,000 women.
The project has chan... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessE... |
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Critical Thinking
• Do you believe Unilever sponsors the Shakti program to help women, to boost its own profits, or
both? Explain your answer.
•
If Unilever has mixed motives, does this discredit the company in your eyes? Should it?
• How is this program an example of bo... | {"title": "Business Ethics", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "produce... |
49d2a37d-5af3-40b5-b330-31fa4d76f0b6 | [
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-0.01274... | the same time. Effective corporate leaders will get try to get investors on board with the idea of CSR, avoiding
or minimizing the potential for any litigation related to maximization of profits. And innovative companies are
finding ways to create value for both the business and society simultaneously.18
Data analysi... | {"batch_upload": true, "file_size_mb": 44.59, "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com... |
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-0.04080... | challenges. An example of such a fund is the Calvert Fund, which describes itself as a “leader in responsible
investing with a mission to deliver superior long-term performance to our clients and to enable them to
achieve positive impact.”19
L I N K T O L E A R N I N G
This website for Ellevest (https://openstax... | {"file_size_mb": 44.59, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "title": "Business Ethics", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-0... |
2d46dfd0-0884-4d92-8d3b-99644598d24d | [
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-0.0421... | compare the two general index funds at the top to the three funds at the bottom that invest in socially
responsible companies, we see a competitive return on investment in the social funds. Social responsibility
does not mean lower profitability.
This OpenStax book is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "source_file": "dow... |
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Business Strategy Consulting Division at IBM Global Business Services.
4.2 Sustainability: Business and the Environment
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Explain the conc... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.... |
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0.0097503... | effectively regulate businesses that pollute. The preoccupation with business success through investment in
104
Chapter 4 Three Special Stakeholders: Society, the Environment, and Government
corporations, in contrast, is a much older concept, dating back at least to the creation of the British East India
Company in... | {"producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "title": "Business Ethics", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6... |
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holding that a corporation, separate and apart from the people who are its owners and managers, has some
of the same legal rights and responsibilities enjoyed by natural persons (physical humans), based on an
inter... | {"total_pages": 377, "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "title": "Business Ethics", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.7470... |
1e0e025e-216e-4b90-8584-0418c6fbda2d | [
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0.00... | legal rights. Before and after the Supreme Court’s ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010),
which upheld the First Amendment free-speech rights of corporations, there have been numerous challenges
to the concept of corporate personhood; however, none have been successful. Thus, U.S. law consid... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "batch_upload": true, "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1... |
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... | lawsuit against BP (formerly British Petroleum) on behalf of the entire Gulf of Mexico for harm created by the
2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (discussed in more detail in the government regulation section of this
chapter), which, at five million barrels, was ten times larger than the famous Exxon Valdez spill and r... | {"creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_type": ".pdf", "total_pages": 377, "title": "Business Ethics", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.747000", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_busin... |
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0.03746... | rewrote its Constitution in 2008, and it includes a section entitled “Rights for Nature.” It recognizes nature’s
right to exist, and people have the legal authority to enforce these rights on behalf of the ecosystem, which
can itself be named as a litigant in a lawsuit.
Earth jurisprudence is an interpretation of la... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "file_type": ".pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.... |
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0.018549... | advocates, officially recognizing the legal status of the environment is necessary to preserving a healthy planet
This OpenStax book is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col25722/1.3
Chapter 4 Three Special Stakeholders: Society, the Environment, and Government
105
for future generations, in particular b... | {"file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "batch_upload": true, "file_type": ".pdf", "title": "Business Ethics", "total_pages": 377, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:15:02.7470... |
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0.04... | needs to dump a toxic substance usually has three choices: dispose of it properly at a safe facility, recycle and
reuse it, or secretly dump it. There is no doubt that dumping is the easiest and cheapest option for most
businesses.
As another example, approximately twenty-five million people board cruise ships every... | {"producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "title": "Business Ethics", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "batch_upload": true, "source": "downloads\\business\\leg... |
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0.03... | marine animals, contaminate seafood, and sicken swimmers, and no one registers the damage except the
ocean itself. Many believe the environment should have the right not to be secretly polluted in the dead of
night, and Earth should have rights at least equal to those of corporations.
Figure 4.6
A warning in Honolu... | {"moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47:19-05:00", "creationdate": "2018-09-21T10:38:43-05:00", "file_type": ".pdf", "total_pages": 377, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_bus... |
5a70eb30-f35a-401e-a5e9-c6ec1be3dceb | [
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0.007384... | date. The concept of earth justice is tied indirectly to the economic theory of the “tragedy of the commons,” a
phrase derived from British economist William Forster Lloyd, who, in the mid-nineteenth century, used a
hypothetical example of unregulated grazing on common land to explain the human tendency to act
indep... | {"creator": "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1", "file_size_mb": 44.59, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "title": "Business Ethics", "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "moddate": "2020-08-05T15:47... |
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106
Chapter 4 Three Special Stakeholders: Society, the Environment, and Government
about the concept of earth justice,24 which includes the following tenets:
“The Earth and all living things that constitute it ... | {"file_hash": "3a73f4b5941a07b86a468268f1eaa39476455580d8134b779b9aec0361af6401", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "total_pages": 377, "batch_upload": true, "producer": "Prince 11 (www.princexml.com)", "title": "Business Ethics", "file_name": "BusinessEthics-OP.pdf", "source_file"... |
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