record_id
large_string
intelligence_source
large_string
intelligence_source_url
large_string
country
large_string
attack_type
large_string
network_layer
large_string
protocol_exploited
large_string
threat_actor
large_string
target_operator
large_string
network_generation
large_string
requires_network_access
int64
requires_insider_access
int64
requires_physical_access
int64
exploits_legacy_protocol
int64
exploits_diameter
int64
exploits_5g_protocol
int64
exploits_vendor_backdoor
int64
chinese_equipment_involved
int64
sim_swap_social_engineering
int64
sim_swap_insider_collusion
int64
sim_swap_document_forgery
int64
mobile_money_targeted
int64
surveillance_purpose
int64
targets_journalist_activist
int64
targets_political_figure
int64
commercial_spyware_used
int64
subscribers_affected
int64
calls_intercepted
int64
sms_intercepted
int64
locations_tracked
int64
financial_loss_usd
int64
revenue_loss_per_hour_usd
int64
fraud_revenue_usd
int64
service_outage_hours
int64
data_breach
int64
cdrs_exposed
int64
subscriber_data_exposed
int64
network_integrity_compromised
int64
interconnect_affected
int64
cable_cut
int64
tower_vandalised
int64
fibre_stolen
int64
diesel_theft
int64
submarine_cable_name
large_string
detected
int64
time_to_detect_hours
int64
detected_by
large_string
signalling_firewall_deployed
int64
incident_response_activated
int64
regulator_notified
int64
gsma_reported
int64
law_enforcement_involved
int64
patch_applied
int64
label
int64
is_synthetic
int64
needs_network_access
int64
needs_insider
int64
needs_physical
int64
high_barrier_attack
int64
low_barrier_attack
int64
legacy_protocol
int64
diameter_attack
int64
fiveg_attack
int64
vendor_backdoor
int64
chinese_equipment
int64
next_gen_attack
int64
beyond_ss7
int64
is_sim_swap
int64
sim_swap_social_eng
int64
sim_swap_insider
int64
sim_swap_forgery
int64
mobile_money_targeted.1
int64
sim_swap_mobile_money
int64
surveillance_attack
int64
targets_civil_society
int64
journalist_targeted
int64
political_targeted
int64
spyware_used
int64
authoritarian_surveillance
int64
log_subscribers
float64
mass_subscriber_impact
int64
nationwide_impact
int64
interception_attack
int64
location_tracking
int64
mass_surveillance
int64
any_financial_loss
int64
major_loss
int64
catastrophic_loss
int64
any_fraud_revenue
int64
high_fraud
int64
high_rev_impact
int64
any_outage
int64
extended_outage
int64
severe_outage
int64
data_breach.1
int64
cdrs_leaked
int64
subscriber_data_leaked
int64
network_integrity_lost
int64
interconnect_disrupted
int64
physical_attack
int64
cable_disruption
int64
tower_attack
int64
infrastructure_theft
int64
submarine_cable_attack
int64
was_detected
int64
fast_detection
int64
quick_detection
int64
slow_detection
int64
very_slow_detection
int64
undetected
int64
has_signalling_firewall
int64
ir_activated
int64
regulator_notified.1
int64
gsma_reported.1
int64
law_enforcement
int64
patched
int64
response_score
int64
effective_response
int64
no_response
int64
detected_by_firewall
int64
detected_by_fms
int64
detected_by_noc
int64
detected_by_subscriber
int64
detected_by_researcher
int64
type_sim_swap
int64
type_diameter
int64
type_gtp
int64
type_ss7_location
int64
type_ss7_intercept
int64
type_imsi_catcher
int64
type_sip_voip
int64
type_bts_spoof
int64
type_5g_nrf
int64
type_5g_sepp
int64
type_dns_hijack
int64
type_bgp_hijack
int64
type_submarine_cable
int64
type_core_intrusion
int64
type_billing_fraud
int64
type_ota_sim
int64
type_lawful_intercept
int64
type_physical
int64
type_mobile_money
int64
type_roaming
int64
type_legit
int64
gen_2g
int64
gen_3g
int64
gen_4g
int64
gen_5g
int64
gen_legacy
int64
actor_criminal
int64
actor_state
int64
actor_surveillance_vendor
int64
actor_insider
int64
actor_sim_swap_gang
int64
actor_fraud
int64
major_operator
int64
multi_operator
int64
is_west_africa
int64
is_east_africa
int64
is_southern_africa
int64
is_north_africa
int64
high_mobile_country
int64
telecom_threat_score
int64
surveillance_risk_score
int64
infrastructure_resilience_score
int64
TEL003716
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
South Africa
dns_hijacking_telecom
core_network
multiple
sim_swap_gang
Maroc_Telecom
5G_NR
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,348,402
0
0
0
78,747
33,211
0
189
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.52
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
8
0
-3
TEL003779
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Kenya
sim_swap_fraud
transport_backbone
none_physical
fraud_syndicate
Airtel_Africa
5G_NR
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1,755
0
0
0
0
0
323,046
198
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
1
partner_operator_notification
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
7
TEL000135
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Uganda
5g_sepp_bypass
management_plane
SS7_MAP
sim_swap_gang
Airtel_Africa
4G_LTE
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,651,370
0
0
0
10,996,108
4,817
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.56
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
8
0
-3
TEL004480
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Ethiopia
bts_base_station_spoofing
transport_backbone
none_physical
sim_swap_gang
Orange_Africa
satellite
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
39
0
0
0
511,448
7,376
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.59
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
TEL001437
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Ethiopia
physical_infrastructure_attack
management_plane
USSD
surveillance_vendor
Cell_C
2G_GSM
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,053,043
0
0
0
8,693
82,068
0
33
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
2Africa
0
0
undetected
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.48
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
13
0
-5
TEL000047
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Tunisia
physical_infrastructure_attack
user_data_plane
OTA_SMS
sim_swap_gang
Ethio_Telecom
4G_LTE
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
49,257,579
7,948
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.95
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
-5
TEL001360
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Kenya
bts_base_station_spoofing
signalling_plane
none_physical
unknown
9mobile
4G_LTE
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,825,224
0
0
0
0
5,977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
6,020
threat_intelligence
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.95
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
6
0
0
TEL000734
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Cameroon
mobile_money_platform_attack
service_layer
none_physical
state_sponsored_apt
Telkom_SA
mixed_legacy
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
0
65,686
0
0
242
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
5,587
subscriber_complaint
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.36
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
3
TEL001534
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Kenya
imsi_catcher_surveillance
transport_backbone
SIP
state_sponsored_apt
Telecom_Egypt
4G_LTE
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
10
0
0
428
0
5,834
0
283
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
0
signalling_firewall
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
11
4
TEL002004
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Mozambique
diameter_signalling_attack
transport_backbone
BGP
cybercriminal_syndicate
Telkom_SA
3G_UMTS
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
8,748,842
0
0
49
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
9
fraud_management_system
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.08
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
2
TEL003795
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Algeria
submarine_cable_disruption
management_plane
SS7_ISUP
cybercriminal_syndicate
Airtel_Africa
4G_LTE
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
1,789
9,833
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
none
1
4,799
fraud_management_system
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
TEL002519
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
South Africa
ota_sim_attack
user_data_plane
Diameter_Rx
insider_telecom_employee
MTN
4G_LTE
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
113
0
0
0
35,774,265
92,709
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.05
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
4
0
-3
TEL001972
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Ethiopia
core_network_intrusion
core_network
SS7_ISUP
competitor_mno
Airtel_Africa
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48
0
0
0
18,242,515
0
0
233
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
0
subscriber_complaint
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.68
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
7
0
7
TEL000996
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Nigeria
sip_voip_fraud
core_network
SS7_MAP
sim_swap_gang
MTN
2G_GSM
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
631
0
0
0
85,700
76,960
3,282
126
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.8
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
-3
TEL000061
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Morocco
submarine_cable_disruption
service_layer
none_physical
surveillance_vendor
submarine_cable_operator
mixed_legacy
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
233
0
0
0
204,411
1,266
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
116
noc_alert
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.37
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
TEL001108
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Egypt
diameter_signalling_attack
radio_access_network
HTTP2_5G_SBI
cybercriminal_syndicate
Vodacom_Vodafone
4G_LTE
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
70,047
0
0
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
TEL002405
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Mozambique
diameter_signalling_attack
signalling_plane
BGP
unknown
Vodacom_Vodafone
2G_GSM
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
63
0
0
0
73,030
5,097
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.8
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
TEL000095
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
South Africa
physical_infrastructure_attack
management_plane
Diameter_S6a
insider_telecom_employee
Airtel_Africa
3G_UMTS
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
44,283
0
0
0
8,844
0
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
none
1
255
security_researcher
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.65
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
4
0
1
TEL000478
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
South Africa
sim_swap_fraud
signalling_plane
proprietary_vendor
unknown
Cell_C
2G_GSM
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
24,292
0
0
0
38,673
0
20,505
70
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
3
noc_alert
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.39
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
5
0
2
TEL004359
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
South Africa
lawful_intercept_abuse
core_network
RTP
sim_swap_gang
Globacom
4G_LTE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
10
13,993
0
0
1,109
818,297
0
275
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
3
8
0
TEL004112
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Egypt
ss7_location_tracking
physical_layer
SS7_CAP
hacktivist
MTN
4G_LTE
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
3,814,274
0
0
548
106,214
132,731
0
56
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
2,148
partner_operator_notification
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
6.58
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
13
12
8
TEL003707
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Nigeria
imsi_catcher_surveillance
core_network
multiple
unknown
Orange_Africa
2G_GSM
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
8,876,602
0
0
0
76,582
85,205
0
257
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
19
security_researcher
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
6.95
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
9
3
0
TEL001101
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Nigeria
cdrs_billing_fraud
transport_backbone
GTP_v2
state_sponsored_apt
Vodacom_Vodafone
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15,371
0
0
0
61,906
6,095
358,268
31
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.19
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
-3
TEL002746
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Egypt
core_network_intrusion
user_data_plane
SS7_MAP
insider_telecom_employee
multiple_operators
5G_NR
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
92,024
0
0
0
0
7,549
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
none
1
1
signalling_firewall
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.96
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
7
0
2
TEL002170
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Nigeria
imsi_catcher_surveillance
management_plane
OTA_SMS
competitor_mno
Telkom_SA
mixed_legacy
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
3
0
0
44
47,283,928
22,301
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0.48
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
6
9
-3
TEL000322
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Egypt
core_network_intrusion
signalling_plane
mobile_money_api
cybercriminal_syndicate
Airtel_Africa
mixed_legacy
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
573,717
0
0
0
626,461
0
0
31
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.76
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
7
0
-3
TEL004254
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Egypt
sim_swap_fraud
management_plane
PFCP_5G
fraud_syndicate
Globacom
3G_UMTS
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
138
0
0
0
96,576
15,504
38,410
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
2,919
regulatory_audit
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.14
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
8
0
5
TEL003142
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Kenya
physical_infrastructure_attack
signalling_plane
PFCP_5G
cybercriminal_syndicate
Airtel_Africa
4G_LTE
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,671,774
0
0
0
0
43,302
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
none
1
23
fraud_management_system
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.43
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
8
0
-2
TEL003537
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Ghana
bgp_hijacking
user_data_plane
GTP_v1
competitor_mno
Airtel_Africa
3G_UMTS
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
0
0
0
81,403
716,185
0
80
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.78
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
-3
TEL004925
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
South Africa
sim_swap_fraud
radio_access_network
SS7_ISUP
cybercriminal_syndicate
Vodacom_Vodafone
mixed_legacy
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
38
0
0
0
0
9,356
23,143
13
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.58
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
3
0
0
TEL002924
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Nigeria
mobile_money_platform_attack
transport_backbone
GTP_v2
sim_swap_gang
mvno_small_operator
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
567
0
0
0
13,051
4,721
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.75
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
TEL001149
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Egypt
ota_sim_attack
transport_backbone
SIP
state_sponsored_apt
mvno_small_operator
3G_UMTS
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
0
5
0
7,838
7,198
0
231
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.23
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
TEL003617
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
South Africa
sip_voip_fraud
management_plane
Diameter_S6a
cybercriminal_syndicate
multiple_operators
2G_GSM
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
59
83
0
0
61,263
12,815
4,491
38
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.77
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
2
2
0
TEL000291
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Kenya
sip_voip_fraud
service_layer
GTP_v2
sim_swap_gang
Telecom_Egypt
mixed_legacy
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
93,970
55,521
0
0
648,159
8,074
16,844
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
216
regulatory_audit
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.97
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
5
2
TEL003749
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Ethiopia
lawful_intercept_abuse
management_plane
HTTP2_5G_SBI
state_sponsored_apt
Vodacom_Vodafone
mixed_legacy
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
17,590
5
0
0
19,468,267
4,161
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
none
1
11
security_researcher
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
4.25
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
9
5
3
TEL003586
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Rwanda
lawful_intercept_abuse
core_network
Diameter_Rx
cybercriminal_syndicate
tower_company
4G_LTE
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
528
0
0
0
9,098
424,147
0
314
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
0
security_researcher
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
2.72
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
6
7
5
TEL000533
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Kenya
ss7_location_tracking
management_plane
RTP
unknown
Airtel_Africa
4G_LTE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
453,976
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.48
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
5
-3
TEL003607
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Kenya
sim_swap_fraud
signalling_plane
RTP
cybercriminal_syndicate
Tigo
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
70,855
0
0
0
37,663,578
98,858
626
280
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
338
signalling_firewall
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.85
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
10
0
5
TEL002648
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
South Africa
physical_infrastructure_attack
core_network
Diameter_Gx
sim_swap_gang
MTN
5G_NR
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
58
0
0
0
768,192
0
0
289
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
602
threat_intelligence
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.76
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
3
TEL004810
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Nigeria
sim_swap_fraud
management_plane
SIP
sim_swap_gang
Globacom
4G_LTE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
68
0
0
0
19,848,844
7,507
381,800
70
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
1
signalling_firewall
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.83
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
8
0
2
TEL001983
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Senegal
ota_sim_attack
management_plane
proprietary_vendor
unknown
tower_company
2G_GSM
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
41,814
0
1,917
0
60,012
6,537
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.62
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
2
-3
TEL002932
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
South Africa
gtp_tunnel_exploitation
radio_access_network
SIP
state_sponsored_apt
9mobile
4G_LTE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
116
0
0
0
7,066,907
802,892
0
21
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.06
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
5
0
-3
TEL001536
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Tanzania
sim_swap_fraud
radio_access_network
mobile_money_api
cybercriminal_syndicate
Telecom_Egypt
4G_LTE
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
31,768
2,897
256
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
-3
TEL004534
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Uganda
sim_swap_fraud
core_network
SS7_ISUP
unknown
MTN
2G_GSM
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
48
0
0
0
3,844
99,086
12,096
311
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
1
security_researcher
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.68
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
6
0
2
TEL004172
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Tanzania
core_network_intrusion
user_data_plane
mobile_money_api
sim_swap_gang
multiple_operators
2G_GSM
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
8,135
994,107
0
8
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
10
subscriber_complaint
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
0
TEL003360
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Ghana
physical_infrastructure_attack
signalling_plane
SS7_MAP
fraud_syndicate
multiple_operators
2G_GSM
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
213
0
0
0
0
205,698
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
none
1
1,253
threat_intelligence
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.33
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
3
0
-2
TEL003665
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Nigeria
ss7_location_tracking
signalling_plane
Diameter_S6a
insider_telecom_employee
MTN
fixed_fibre
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
562
0
0
0
0
518,558
0
6
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2.75
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
3
-3
TEL004005
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Cameroon
sip_voip_fraud
radio_access_network
Diameter_S6a
sim_swap_gang
Maroc_Telecom
2G_GSM
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
81
71
0
0
3,069
7,432
29,320
85
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
146
signalling_firewall
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.91
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
2
3
TEL003626
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Ghana
sim_swap_fraud
management_plane
multiple
surveillance_vendor
Vodacom_Vodafone
4G_LTE
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
659
0
0
0
0
256,190
38,691
202
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
155
subscriber_complaint
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.82
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
TEL000586
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Mozambique
cdrs_billing_fraud
user_data_plane
PFCP_5G
cybercriminal_syndicate
MTN
mixed_legacy
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
551
0
0
0
66,168
1,714
2,245
20
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
1
threat_intelligence
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.74
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
4
TEL003256
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Nigeria
bts_base_station_spoofing
transport_backbone
multiple
sim_swap_gang
mvno_small_operator
5G_NR
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1,927
807,841
0
262
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
none
1
0
fraud_management_system
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
4
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
10
TEL002298
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Tanzania
5g_nrf_exploitation
signalling_plane
none_physical
sim_swap_gang
Ethio_Telecom
5G_NR
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,170,979
0
0
0
806,478
436,289
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
119
noc_alert
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.71
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
6
0
2
TEL003988
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Kenya
gtp_tunnel_exploitation
transport_backbone
SS7_ISUP
cybercriminal_syndicate
Orange_Africa
2G_GSM
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
39,637
0
0
0
321,682
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.6
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
TEL000584
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Egypt
sip_voip_fraud
physical_layer
SS7_MAP
sim_swap_gang
MTN
3G_UMTS
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
96,482
0
0
0
9,340
9,696
20,478
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.98
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
5
0
0
TEL002423
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Zimbabwe
imsi_catcher_surveillance
signalling_plane
HTTP2_5G_SBI
insider_telecom_employee
Maroc_Telecom
mixed_legacy
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
250
0
0
501
19,526,451
801,428
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
2.4
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
8
12
0
TEL001391
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Ghana
core_network_intrusion
signalling_plane
none_physical
surveillance_vendor
mvno_small_operator
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
36
0
0
0
0
203,908
0
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.56
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
-3
TEL004525
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Algeria
ss7_call_sms_intercept
core_network
Diameter_Gx
insider_telecom_employee
MTN
4G_LTE
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
56,173
55,380
9
0
469,944
5,104
0
47
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
3
subscriber_complaint
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
4.75
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
8
0
TEL004920
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
South Africa
5g_nrf_exploitation
user_data_plane
SS7_CAP
insider_telecom_employee
multiple_operators
4G_LTE
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1,471,004
0
0
0
14,044
2,563
0
286
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
none
1
1
fraud_management_system
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.17
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
9
0
7
TEL004800
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
South Africa
sim_swap_fraud
radio_access_network
multiple
cybercriminal_syndicate
Telkom_SA
mixed_legacy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
71
0
0
0
4,052,275
3,796
44,147
59
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.85
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
5
0
0
TEL003240
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Kenya
5g_sepp_bypass
transport_backbone
SS7_CAP
sim_swap_gang
Tigo
4G_LTE
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
44
0
0
0
69,964
0
0
62
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.64
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
-3
TEL004281
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Nigeria
ss7_location_tracking
signalling_plane
PFCP_5G
sim_swap_gang
Maroc_Telecom
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
94
0
0
29
130,865
166,606
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1.97
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
5
0
TEL003338
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Cameroon
gtp_tunnel_exploitation
radio_access_network
GTP_v1
unknown
multiple_operators
4G_LTE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
747
0
0
0
48,438,797
7,923
0
19
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
529
noc_alert
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.87
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
TEL003220
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Mozambique
diameter_signalling_attack
signalling_plane
proprietary_vendor
cybercriminal_syndicate
Globacom
mixed_legacy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,202,822
0
0
0
647,061
634,835
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
none
1
217
signalling_firewall
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.51
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
6
0
5
TEL002111
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
South Africa
core_network_intrusion
physical_layer
OTA_SMS
sim_swap_gang
Airtel_Africa
fixed_fibre
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
930,220
0
0
209
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
454
subscriber_complaint
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
3
TEL001174
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Egypt
gtp_tunnel_exploitation
service_layer
none_physical
sim_swap_gang
Telkom_SA
4G_LTE
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9,393,162
0
0
0
27,746,741
0
0
294
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.97
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
11
0
-3
TEL004862
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Nigeria
submarine_cable_disruption
management_plane
SIP
sim_swap_gang
Vodacom_Vodafone
4G_LTE
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,488,255
0
0
0
338,059
27,768
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.74
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
6
0
0
TEL003811
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
South Africa
sip_voip_fraud
signalling_plane
Diameter_S6a
insider_telecom_employee
Orange_Africa
4G_LTE
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
91
0
0
0
28,481,590
5,578
1,469
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
77
fraud_management_system
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.96
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
4
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
4
0
5
TEL001867
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Nigeria
diameter_signalling_attack
signalling_plane
Diameter_Gx
cybercriminal_syndicate
Orange_Africa
4G_LTE
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
550
0
0
0
1,874
0
0
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
7
signalling_firewall
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.74
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
TEL002614
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Nigeria
ss7_location_tracking
signalling_plane
DNS
cybercriminal_syndicate
Telecom_Egypt
2G_GSM
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
26,979
5,644
0
228
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
14
regulatory_audit
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.78
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
TEL003866
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Kenya
dns_hijacking_telecom
signalling_plane
GTP_v2
state_sponsored_apt
Orange_Africa
2G_GSM
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
53,423
0
0
0
0
374,733
0
263
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
610
security_researcher
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.73
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
7
0
5
TEL004885
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
South Africa
sip_voip_fraud
signalling_plane
SS7_MAP
state_sponsored_apt
9mobile
4G_LTE
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,520,047
0
0
0
0
0
99,771
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
12
signalling_firewall
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.93
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
9
0
5
TEL003778
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Cameroon
imsi_catcher_surveillance
signalling_plane
Diameter_S6a
unknown
Orange_Africa
4G_LTE
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
13,272
0
0
0
812,781
8,613
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
236
threat_intelligence
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
4.12
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
3
3
TEL003846
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Angola
core_network_intrusion
transport_backbone
GTP_v2
fraud_syndicate
Vodacom_Vodafone
4G_LTE
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
8,651,725
0
0
46
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
none
1
227
regulatory_audit
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.7
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
7
0
0
TEL002416
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Kenya
ss7_call_sms_intercept
signalling_plane
SIP
unknown
Maroc_Telecom
mixed_legacy
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
24
19,793
7,428
0
7,814
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
14
fraud_management_system
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1.38
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
11
0
TEL000070
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Ghana
cdrs_billing_fraud
core_network
none_physical
unknown
Maroc_Telecom
satellite
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,119,382
0
0
0
1,462
74,517
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.79
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
6
0
-3
TEL004880
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Nigeria
sim_swap_fraud
signalling_plane
multiple
unknown
mvno_small_operator
4G_LTE
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
47,027
0
4,906
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
1
fraud_management_system
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.95
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
6
0
4
TEL001126
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
South Africa
roaming_fraud
radio_access_network
SS7_MAP
sim_swap_gang
Safaricom
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
0
0
0
37,425,633
0
49,076
124
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
157
threat_intelligence
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.66
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
3
TEL004024
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Nigeria
lawful_intercept_abuse
management_plane
Diameter_S6a
unknown
mvno_small_operator
mixed_legacy
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
542
51,235
0
0
40,322
41,180
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
20
subscriber_complaint
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2.73
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
8
5
TEL003250
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Zimbabwe
bts_base_station_spoofing
core_network
Diameter_S6a
sim_swap_gang
Safaricom
4G_LTE
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
36,167
0
0
0
38,529
9,512
0
5
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
1
partner_operator_notification
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.56
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
4
TEL003901
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Senegal
ota_sim_attack
radio_access_network
mobile_money_api
unknown
Ethio_Telecom
4G_LTE
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
80,489
0
5,366
0
15,467,759
8,290
0
5
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.91
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
2
-3
TEL001095
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Tanzania
sip_voip_fraud
service_layer
RTP
cybercriminal_syndicate
Globacom
4G_LTE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,922
8,438
0
0
421,744
508,661
212,297
133
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.95
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
TEL004545
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Ethiopia
cdrs_billing_fraud
signalling_plane
SS7_MAP
cybercriminal_syndicate
submarine_cable_operator
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
26,058
4,736
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.95
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
-3
TEL001212
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Zimbabwe
bts_base_station_spoofing
signalling_plane
RTP
unknown
Vodacom_Vodafone
5G_NR
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
121
0
0
0
36,737,127
29,226
0
225
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
158
threat_intelligence
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.08
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
TEL003921
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Egypt
sim_swap_fraud
management_plane
multiple
unknown
Orange_Africa
4G_LTE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
817
0
0
0
21,478,973
635,015
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.91
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
5
0
-3
TEL001425
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Zimbabwe
lawful_intercept_abuse
signalling_plane
none_physical
hacktivist
Orange_Africa
5G_NR
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
2,340,467
32,362
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
15
partner_operator_notification
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
6.37
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
6
11
0
TEL003066
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Egypt
mobile_money_platform_attack
radio_access_network
GTP_v2
sim_swap_gang
Tigo
2G_GSM
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4,502,755
0
0
0
17,956
719,406
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
1
fraud_management_system
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.65
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
8
0
2
TEL004519
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
Egypt
submarine_cable_disruption
radio_access_network
multiple
competitor_mno
Vodacom_Vodafone
2G_GSM
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
82
0
0
0
0
39,093
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
51
regulatory_audit
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.91
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
3
TEL002100
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Egypt
sip_voip_fraud
core_network
none_physical
state_sponsored_apt
MTN
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
8,561,219
0
0
0
53,045
57,158
2,105
25
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
none
1
7,666
regulatory_audit
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.93
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
6
0
3
TEL000807
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Tanzania
imsi_catcher_surveillance
radio_access_network
Diameter_Rx
insider_telecom_employee
MTN
satellite
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
34,905
0
0
35
406,944
0
0
273
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
4.54
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
7
5
-3
TEL004743
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Uganda
ss7_call_sms_intercept
management_plane
BGP
state_sponsored_apt
Globacom
3G_UMTS
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
266
46,881
19
0
90,727
963,925
0
35
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
17
subscriber_complaint
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2.42
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
8
0
TEL003750
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Tanzania
bgp_hijacking
transport_backbone
Diameter_Gx
surveillance_vendor
tower_company
2G_GSM
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22,717
0
0
0
2,933
943,135
0
184
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
none
1
1
threat_intelligence
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.36
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
7
0
2
TEL001362
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Zambia
roaming_fraud
service_layer
SS7_CAP
sim_swap_gang
Airtel_Africa
4G_LTE
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
555,879
69,929
3,240
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
6,354
security_researcher
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.48
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
TEL002317
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Kenya
sim_swap_fraud
core_network
USSD
state_sponsored_apt
multiple_operators
4G_LTE
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
559
0
0
0
8,728,877
0
0
61
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.75
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
8
0
-3
TEL004581
ENISA Telecom Security Incidents 2024
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications
Cote d'Ivoire
gtp_tunnel_exploitation
service_layer
GTP_v2
cybercriminal_syndicate
Telecom_Egypt
fixed_fibre
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
777
0
0
0
6,315
82,697
0
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
56
signalling_firewall
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.89
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
TEL004741
AdaptiveMobile Simjacker
https://www.adaptivemobile.com/simjacker/
Nigeria
sim_swap_fraud
core_network
mobile_money_api
competitor_mno
Airtel_Africa
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
815
0
0
0
83,556
0
378,627
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
1
581
partner_operator_notification
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.91
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
6
0
0
TEL001025
INTERPOL Africa Cyberthreat Assessment 2025
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2025/New-INTERPOL-report-warns-of-sharp-rise-in-cybercrime-in-Africa
DRC
sim_swap_fraud
management_plane
RTP
cybercriminal_syndicate
mvno_small_operator
5G_NR
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
497
0
0
0
841,195
416,180
30,202
6
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.7
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
6
0
-3
TEL003109
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Nigeria
sim_swap_fraud
core_network
mobile_money_api
state_sponsored_apt
Vodacom_Vodafone
3G_UMTS
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
81,441
0
0
0
60,572
328,468
33,904
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.91
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
TEL002110
Citizen Lab Pegasus
https://citizenlab.ca/tag/pegasus-project/
Nigeria
gtp_tunnel_exploitation
user_data_plane
PFCP_5G
cybercriminal_syndicate
MTN
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
47,526
0
0
0
0
603,607
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
none
0
0
undetected
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.68
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
4
0
0
TEL001041
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
South Africa
cdrs_billing_fraud
service_layer
SIP
cybercriminal_syndicate
Globacom
mixed_legacy
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,239,723
0
0
0
38,543,769
73,875
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
none
1
15
regulatory_audit
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.72
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
8
0
5
TEL001876
GSMA Mobile Economy Africa 2024
https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/africa/
Ghana
ss7_location_tracking
service_layer
PFCP_5G
fraud_syndicate
multiple_operators
3G_UMTS
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
782
0
0
657
38,057
0
0
6
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
none
1
419
subscriber_complaint
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
2.89
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
9
12
2