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Circadian rhythm | The human circadian period | 238,570,526 | 2008-09-15T12:48:27Z | Lalarabbit | Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to... | Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 8 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to ... | [10] |
Circadian rhythm | The human circadian period | 238,653,315 | 2008-09-15T20:05:31Z | Hordaland | Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 8 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to ... | Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | The human circadian period | 238,684,213 | 2008-09-15T22:44:49Z | Lalarabbit | Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to... | Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 8 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to ... | [10] |
Circadian rhythm | The human circadian period | 238,685,991 | 2008-09-15T22:54:32Z | Hordaland | Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 8 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to ... | Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to... | [3, 10] |
Port (computer networking) | Technical details | 238,819,317 | 2008-09-16T15:13:01Z | Kbrose | In both TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP, each packet header will specify a source port and a destination port, each of which is a 16-bit unsigned integer (i. e. ranging from 0 to 65535), as well as specifying the source and destination network addresses ([[Internet Protocol|IP]]-numbers) among other things.... | [[Transport Layer]] protocol, such as [[TCP]], [[UDP]], [[SCTP]], and [[DCCP]] specify a source and destination port in their packet headers. Port numbers are 16-bit unsigned integers, ranging from 0 to 65535. A process "binds" to a particular port to send and receive data, meaning that it will listen for incoming pack... | [1, 3, 4, 9] |
Asperger syndrome | (Top) | 239,344,313 | 2008-09-18T18:09:51Z | Parp555 | {{pp-move-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Asperger syndrome |
Image = |
Caption = |
DiseasesDB = 31268 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|F|84|5|f|80}} |
ICD9 = 299.8 |
ICDO = |
OMIM = 608638 |
MedlinePlus = 001549 |
eMedicineSubj = ped |
eMedicineTopic = 147 |
}}
'''Asperger syndrome''' (also called '''Asp... | {{pp-move-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Asperger syndrome |
Image = |
Caption = |
DiseasesDB = 31268 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|F|84|5|f|80}} |
ICD9 = 299.8 |
ICDO = |
OMIM = 608638 |
MedlinePlus = 001549 |
eMedicineSubj = ped |
eMedicineTopic = 147 |
}}
'''Hamburger syndrome''' (also called '''Ha... | [11] |
Gene therapy | Adeno-associated viruses | 240,716,141 | 2008-09-24T18:19:46Z | Hydrogen Iodide | [[Adeno-associated virus]]es, from the [[parvovirus]] family, are small viruses with a genome of single stranded DNA. The wild type AAV can insert genetic material at a specific site on chromosome 19 with near 100% certainty. But the recombinant AAV, which does not contain any viral genes and only the therapeutic gene,... | [[Adeno-associated virus]]es, from the [[parvovirus]] family, are small viruses with a genome of single stranded DNA. The wild type AAV can insert genetic material at a specific site on chromosome 19 with near 100% certainty. But the recombinant AAV, which does not contain any viral genes and only the therapeutic gene,... | [11] |
Dream | Recalling dreams | 242,560,293 | 2008-10-02T19:08:54Z | Krano | While the content of most dreams is dreamt only once, many people experience recurring dreams—that is, the same dream narrative is experienced over different occasions of sleep. Up to 70% of females and 65% of males report recurrent dreams.<ref>Van de Castle, p. 340.</ref> | The recall of dreams is extremely unreliable, though it is a skill that can be trained. Dreams can usually be recalled if a person is awakened while dreaming.<ref name="npr" /> Women tend to have more frequent dream recall than men. <ref name="npr">[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15778923 The Sci... | [1, 2, 9] |
Hypnosis | Twentieth-century psychological theories | 243,707,730 | 2008-10-07T18:37:30Z | Katsam | [[Image:Ivan Pavlov (Nobel).png|thumb|left|150 px|The psychologist and physiologist [[Ivan Pavlov]], who hypothesized that hypnosis was a lower-brain-function and "partial sleep." ]]
In the twentieth century, psychologists who believed in hypnosis put forth theories about it ranging from the idea that it is "partial s... | [[Image:Ivan Pavlov (Nobel).png|thumb|left|150 px|The psychologist and physiologist [[Ivan Pavlov]], who hypothesized that hypnosis was a lower-brain-function and "partial sleep." ]]
In the twentieth century, psychologists who believed in hypnosis put forth theories about it ranging from the idea that it is "partial s... | [3] |
Circadian rhythm | Determining the human circadian rhythm | 244,492,759 | 2008-10-11T01:59:54Z | Hordaland | [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG|thumb|300px|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]]
The classic phase markers for measuring the timing of a mammal's circadian rhythm are '''melatonin secretion''' by the pineal gland and '''core body temperature'''.
For temperature studies,... | [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG|thumb|300px|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]]
The classic phase markers for measuring the timing of a mammal's circadian rhythm are '''melatonin secretion''' by the pineal gland and '''core body temperature'''.
For temperature studies,... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | History | 245,388,005 | 2008-10-15T05:54:17Z | 130.245.197.157 | The first endogenous circadian oscillation was observed in the 1700s by the French scientist [[Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan]] who noticed that 24-hour patterns in the movement of the leaves of the plant ''[[Mimosa pudica]]'' continued even when the plants were isolated from external stimuli.
In 1918 J. S. Szymansk... | The first endogenous circadian oscillation was observed in the 1700s by the French scientist [[Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan]] who noticed that 24-hour patterns in the movement of the leaves of the plant ''[[Mimosa pudica]]'' continued even when the plants were isolated from external stimuli.
It has recently been pu... | [1, 10] |
Circadian rhythm | History | 245,430,604 | 2008-10-15T12:33:56Z | Hordaland | The first endogenous circadian oscillation was observed in the 1700s by the French scientist [[Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan]] who noticed that 24-hour patterns in the movement of the leaves of the plant ''[[Mimosa pudica]]'' continued even when the plants were isolated from external stimuli.
It has recently been pu... | The first endogenous circadian oscillation was observed in the 1700s by the French scientist [[Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan]] who noticed that 24-hour patterns in the movement of the leaves of the plant ''[[Mimosa pudica]]'' continued even when the plants were isolated from external stimuli.
In 1918 J. S. Szymansk... | [2] |
Medical cannabis | Cannabidiol | 246,729,879 | 2008-10-21T14:53:34Z | Flewis | {{main|cannabidiol}}
[[Cannabidiol]], also known as "CBD", is a major constituent of medical cannabis. CBD represents up to 40% of [[extract]]s of the medical cannabis plant Recent studies have shown cannabidiol to be as effective as [[atypical antipsychotics]] in treating [[schizophrenia
In November 2007 it was re... | {{main|cannabidiol}}
[[Image:Cannabidiol.png|thumb|right|[[Cannabidiol]] structure]]
[[Cannabidiol]], also known as "CBD", is a major constituent of medical cannabis. CBD represents up to 40% of [[extract]]s of the medical cannabis plant.<ref name="Grlie_1976">{{cite journal
| last =Grlie
| first = L
| author... | [1, 4, 7, 9] |
Medical cannabis | Medieval Islamic world | 246,729,879 | 2008-10-21T14:53:34Z | Flewis | In the [[Islamic Golden Age|medieval Islamic world]], [[Islamic medicine|Arabic physicians]] made use of the [[diuretic]], [[antiemetic]], [[antiepileptic]], [[anti-inflammatory]], [[Analgesic|pain killing]] and [[antipyretic]] properties of ''[[Cannabis sativa]]'', and used it extensively as medication from the 8th to... | In the [[Islamic Golden Age|medieval Islamic world]], [[Islamic medicine|Arabic physicians]] made use of the [[diuretic]], [[antiemetic]], [[antiepileptic]], [[anti-inflammatory]], [[Analgesic|pain killing]] and [[antipyretic]] properties of ''[[Cannabis sativa]]'', and used it extensively as medication from the 8th to... | [7] |
Medical cannabis | Vermont | 246,729,879 | 2008-10-21T14:53:34Z | Flewis | In the state of [[Vermont]], [[Vermont Senate Bill 76|Senate Bill 76]] went into effect July 1, 2004, legalizing medical marijuana at the state level, provided certain conditions are metPatients or their primary doctor are allowed to possess a maximum of 2 ounces of usable marijuana and a maximum of 3 marijuana plants,... | In the state of [[Vermont]], [[Vermont Senate Bill 76|Senate Bill 76]] went into effect July 1, 2004, legalizing medical marijuana at the state level, provided certain conditions are met.<ref name="norml-co"/>
Patients or their primary doctor are allowed to possess a maximum of 2 ounces of usable marijuana and a maximu... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | History | 247,074,396 | 2008-10-23T00:47:52Z | IW.HG | The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, in descriptions of the marches of [[Alexander the Great]], described [[diurnal]] leaf movements of the tamarind tree. The first modern observation of endogenous circadian oscillation was by the French scientist [[Jean-Jac... | The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, in descriptions of the marches of [[Alexander the Great]], described [[diurnal]] leaf movements of the tamarind tree. The first modern observation of endogenous circadian oscillation was by the French scientist [[Jean-Jac... | [11] |
Human brain | External links | 248,027,681 | 2008-10-27T18:33:27Z | Law | * [http://www.thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/index_d.html The Brain from Top to Bottom]
* [http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html The Whole Brain Atlas]
* [http://primate-brain.org High-Resolution Cytoarchitectural Primate Brain Atlases]
* [http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/facts.html Brain Facts and Figures]
* [htt... | * [http://www.thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/index_d.html The Brain from Top to Bottom]
* [http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html The Whole Brain Atlas]
* [http://primate-brain.org High-Resolution Cytoarchitectural Primate Brain Atlases]
* [http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/facts.html Brain Facts and Figures]
* [htt... | [11] |
Human brain | Structure | 248,228,722 | 2008-10-28T17:21:40Z | Looie496 | null | [[Image:Nervous system diagram.png|thumb|right|Diagram of the human nervous system.]]
The dominant feature of the human brain is ''corticalization''. The cerebral cortex in humans is so large that it overshadows every other part of the brain. A few subcortical structures show alterations reflecting this trend. The [... | [1, 4, 9] |
Methamphetamine | World War II | 248,475,076 | 2008-10-29T20:42:10Z | 167.128.162.123 | One of the earliest uses of methamphetamine was during World War II when the German military dispensed it under the trade name '''Pervitin'''.<ref name=Pervitin>{{cite web | url=http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=271075|title=Substance Page on Methamphetamine|work=PubChem}}</ref> It was widely dis... | i farted in the computer lab while yanking it to Weird Al. in the WWII, george bush dressed up a paris hilton. The wires are all in place, and they have tapped all of our phones. The chinesse government hyaa! and Elizabeth Taylor...Is BIGFOOT!!! oh well, to liberty. Theres a microphone in the cake.......they moved it. | [11] |
Gene therapy | Germ line gene therapy | 248,657,821 | 2008-10-30T18:12:22Z | AubreyEllenShomo | In the case of germ line gene therapy, germ cells, i.e., sperm or eggs, are modified by the introduction of functional genes, which are ordinarily integrated into their genomes. Therefore, when smoking weed u must be caustious of your surrondings for u never know when the five O will show up. Also when sniffing a line ... | In the case of germ line gene therapy, germ cells, i.e., sperm or eggs, are modified by the introduction of functional genes, which are ordinarily integrated into their genomes. Therefore, the change due to therapy would be heritable and would be passed on to later generations. This new approach, theoretically, should ... | [1] |
DNA sequencing | See also | 250,151,339 | 2008-11-07T01:41:54Z | 66.201.56.150 | * [[Sequencing]]
* [[Genome project]] - how entire genomes are assembled from these short sequences.
* [[Applied Biosystems]] - provided most of the chemistry and equipment for the genome projects. Next-generation technology for very high data generation rates.
* [[454 Life Sciences]] - company specializing in high-thr... | * [[Sequencing]]
* [[Genome project]] - how entire genomes are assembled from these short sequences.
* [[Pacific Biosciences]] - developing disruptive Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) sequencing
* [[Applied Biosystems]] - provided most of the chemistry and equipment for the genome projects. Next-generation technology f... | [1, 4, 9] |
Circadian rhythm | Human health | 251,329,853 | 2008-11-12T12:55:39Z | 119.42.85.232 | Timing of medical treatment in coordination with the body clock may significantly increase efficacy and reduce drug toxicity or adverse reactions. For example, appropriately timed treatment with [[angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]] (ACEi) may reduce nocturnal blood pressure and also benefit [[left ventricular]... | Timing of medical treatment in coordination with the body clock may significantly increase efficacy and reduce drug toxicity or adverse reactions. For example, appropriately timed treatment with [[angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]] (ACEi) may reduce nocturnal blood pressure and also benefit [[left ventricular]... | [1, 9] |
Methamphetamine | Routes of administration | 253,035,014 | 2008-11-20T19:17:13Z | OlEnglish | The usual route for medical use is oral administration. In recreational use, it can be swallowed, snorted, smoked, dissolved in water and injected (or even without water, in what is called a dry shot), inserted anally (with or without dissolution in water; also known as a booty bump or shafting), or into the urethra.<r... | The usual route for medical use is oral administration. In recreational use, it can be swallowed, snorted, smoked, dissolved in water and injected (or even without water, in what is called a dry shot), inserted anally (with or without dissolution in water; also known as a booty bump or shafting), or into the urethra.<r... | [3, 4, 9] |
Circadian rhythm | Disruption | 254,349,863 | 2008-11-27T02:37:23Z | 68.51.6.12 | Disruption to rhythms usually has a negative effect. Many travelers have experienced the condition known as [[jet lag]], with its associated symptoms of [[fatigue (physical)|fatigue]], disorientation and [[insomnia]].
A number of other disorders, for example [[bipolar disorder]] and some [[sleep disorder]]s, are asso... | Disruption to rhythms usually has a negative effect. Many travelers have experienced the condition known as [[jet lag]], with its associated symptoms of [[fatigue (physical)|fatigue]], disorientation and [[insomnia]].
A number of other disorders, for example [[bipolar disorder]] and some [[sleep disorder]]s, are asso... | [9] |
Dream | Popular culture | 254,816,664 | 2008-11-29T17:38:27Z | Sandstein | null | Modern [[popular culture]] often conceives of dreams, like Freud, as expressions of the dreamer's deepest fears and desires.<ref name="Van Riper 56">{{cite book|last=Van Riper|first=A. Bowdoin|title=Science in popular culture: a reference guide|publisher=[[Greenwood Press]]|location=Westport|date=2002|pages=56|isbn=0–3... | [1, 5, 9] |
Dream | Other associated phenomena | 255,295,108 | 2008-12-01T22:31:47Z | 70.50.184.72 | null | "Oneironaut" is a term sometimes used for those who explore the world of dreams. For example, dream researcher Stephen LaBerge uses the term.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://lucidity.com/DAA/presenters.html
| title = Dreaming and Awakening 2006 Presenters}}</ref> It is often associated with lucid dreaming in particu... | [1, 4, 5] |
Circadian rhythm | The human circadian period | 255,410,582 | 2008-12-02T13:12:46Z | Hordaland | Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to... | Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to... | [11] |
K-d tree | Informal Description | 256,115,690 | 2008-12-05T21:28:08Z | Amit man | null | The kd-tree is a [[binary tree]] in which every node is a k-dimensional point. Every non-leaf node generate a splitting hyperplane that divide the space into two subspaces. Points left to the hyperplane represent the left sub-tree of that node and the points right to the hyperplane by the right sub-tree. The hyperplane... | [1, 4, 9] |
Asperger syndrome | Prognosis | 256,337,423 | 2008-12-07T01:47:58Z | Eubulides | There is some evidence that as many as 20% of children with AS "grow out" of it, and fail to meet the diagnostic criteria as adults.<ref name=Woodbury-Smith/>
As of 2006, no studies addressing the long-term outcome of individuals with Asperger syndrome are available and there are no systematic long-term follow-up studi... | There is some evidence that as many as 20% of children with AS "grow out" of it, and fail to meet the diagnostic criteria as adults.<ref name=Woodbury-Smith/>
As of 2006, no studies addressing the long-term outcome of individuals with Asperger syndrome are available and there are no systematic long-term follow-up studi... | [1, 3, 6] |
Dream | Common themes | 257,087,471 | 2008-12-10T17:27:44Z | 205.56.129.194 | Content-analysis studies have identified common reported themes in dreams. These include: situations relating to school, being chased, running slowly in place, experiences, falling, arriving too late, a person now alive being dead, teeth falling out, flying, future events such as birthdays, anniversaries, etc. (... | Content-analysis studies have identified common reported themes in dreams. These include: situations relating to school, being chased, running slowly in place, experiences, falling, arriving too late, a person now alive being dead, teeth falling out, flying, future events such as birthdays, anniversaries, etc. (... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | Origin | 257,348,106 | 2008-12-11T21:06:23Z | Jidanni | {{Unreferencedsection|date=October 2007}}
Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[[... | {{Unreferencedsection|date=October 2007}}
Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[[... | [11] |
Methadone | Methadone as treatment for leukemia | 260,288,459 | 2008-12-27T06:14:36Z | Dispenser | Researchers in Germany have discovered that methadone has surprising killing power against leukemia cells, including treatment-resistant forms of the cancer. Their laboratory study, published in the 1 August 2008 issue of Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, suggests that methado... | Researchers in Germany have discovered that methadone has surprising killing power against leukemia cells, including treatment-resistant forms of the cancer. Their laboratory study, published in the 1 August 2008 issue of Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, suggests that methado... | [11] |
Hypnosis | History | 261,441,796 | 2009-01-02T12:22:15Z | HypnoSynthesis | [[Franz Mesmer]] (1734-1815) believed that there was a magnetic force or "fluid" within the human body which influenced its health. He experimented with magnets to influence this field and so cause healing. By around 1774 he had concluded that the same effects could be created by passing the hands, at a distance, in fr... | [[Franz Mesmer]] (1734-1815) believed that there was a magnetic force or "fluid" within the human body which influenced its health. He experimented with magnets to influence this field and so cause healing. By around 1774 he had concluded that the same effects could be created by passing the hands, at a distance, in fr... | [1, 5, 9, 4] |
Hypnosis | Hypnotherapy & Other Uses of Hypnosis | 261,809,567 | 2009-01-04T02:24:44Z | HypnoSynthesis | {{main|Hypnotherapy}}
Hypnosis has been studied in many clinical situations with varying degrees of success.<ref>"Clinical Research." hypnotic-tracks.us [http://www.hypnotic-tracks.us/clinical_hypnosis.php]</ref> It has been used as a painkiller,<ref>"Hypnosis for Pain." webmd.com [http://www.webmd.com/balance/feature... | {{main|Hypnotherapy}}
Modern [[hypnotherapy]] can be divided into several major sub-modalities, most notably [[Age regression in therapy|regression hypnotherapy]] (or "hypnoanalysis"), [[Milton Erickson|Ericksonian hypnotherapy]], and [[cognitive-behavioural hypnotherapy]].
Hypnosis has been studied in many clinical ... | [1, 5, 9, 4] |
Hypnosis | Ancient Precursors | 262,161,700 | 2009-01-05T20:58:07Z | HypnoSynthesis | null | According to his writings, [[James Braid (physician)|James Braid]] began to hear reports concerning the practices of various Oriental meditation techniques immediately after the publication of his major book on hypnotism, ''Neurypnology'' (1843). Braid first discusses these in detail in a series of articles entitled '... | [1, 5, 9, 10, 4] |
Circadian rhythm | Human health | 263,059,988 | 2009-01-09T22:19:35Z | 75.5.198.8 | Timing of medical treatment in coordination with the body clock may significantly increase efficacy and reduce drug toxicity or adverse reactions. For example, appropriately timed treatment with [[angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]] (ACEi) may reduce nocturnal blood pressure and also benefit [[left ventricular]... | Timing of medical treatment in coordination with the body clock may significantly increase efficacy and reduce drug toxicity or adverse reactions. For example, appropriately timed treatment with [[angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]] (ACEi) may reduce nocturnal blood pressure and also benefit [[left ventricular]... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | Importance in animals | 263,059,988 | 2009-01-09T22:19:35Z | 75.5.198.8 | Circadian rhythms are important in determining the [[sleep]]ing and feeding patterns of all animals, including human beings. There are clear patterns of core body temperature, [[brain wave]] activity, [[hormone]] production, cell regeneration and other biological activities linked to this daily cycle. In addition, [[ph... | Circadian rhythms are important in determining the [[sleep]]ing and feeding patterns of all animals, including human beings. There are clear patterns of core body temperature, [[brain wave]] activity, [[hormone]] production, cell regeneration and other biological activities linked to this daily cycle. In addition, [[ph... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | Light and the biological clock | 263,774,832 | 2009-01-13T09:31:44Z | Mitjaprelovsek~enwiki | Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species; much lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents tha... | Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species; much lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents tha... | [1, 7, 10] |
Circadian rhythm | Light and the biological clock | 263,776,893 | 2009-01-13T09:51:02Z | Mitjaprelovsek~enwiki | Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species; much lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents tha... | Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species; much lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents tha... | [1] |
Circadian rhythm | Light and the biological clock | 263,777,292 | 2009-01-13T09:54:40Z | Mitjaprelovsek~enwiki | Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species; much lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents tha... | Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species; much lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents tha... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | Light and the biological clock | 263,826,701 | 2009-01-13T16:11:27Z | Hordaland | Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species; much lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents tha... | Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species and lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents than ... | [3, 4, 9] |
Circadian rhythm | (Top) | 265,600,554 | 2009-01-22T00:28:42Z | 71.72.245.146 | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
A '''circadian rhythm''' is an approximate daily periodicity, a roughly-24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living beings, including [[plant]]s, [[animal]]s, [[fungi]] and [[cyanobacteria]]. The term "circadian", coined by [[F... | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
A '''circadian rhythm''' is an approximate daily periodicity, a roughly-24-hour cycle, a daily cycle that tells a living organism when to eat, sleep, play, etc., in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living beings, including [[plant]]s, [[ani... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | (Top) | 265,912,708 | 2009-01-23T13:57:54Z | Hordaland | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
A '''circadian rhythm''' is an approximate daily periodicity, a roughly-24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living beings, including [[plant]]s, [[animal]]s, [[fungi]] and [[cyanobacteria]]. The term "circadian", coined by [[F... | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
A '''circadian rhythm''' is an approximate daily periodicity, a roughly-24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living beings, including [[plant]]s, [[animal]]s, [[fungi]] and [[cyanobacteria]]. The term "circadian", coined by [[F... | [11] |
Hypnosis | Historical figures | 266,371,553 | 2009-01-25T19:55:11Z | Deor | * [[Franz Mesmer]]
* [[James Braid (physician)]]
* [[Abbé Faria]]
* [[Marquis de Puységur]]
* [[James Esdaile]]
* [[John Elliotson]]
* [[Jean-Martin Charcot]]
* [[Étienne Eugène Azam]]
* [[Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault]]
* [[John Milne Bramwell]]
* [[Hippolyte Bernheim]]
* [[Jean-Martin Charcot]]
* [[Pierre Janet]]
* [[Si... | * [[Franz Mesmer]]
* [[James Braid (physician)]]
* [[Abbé Faria]]
* [[Marquis de Puységur]]
* [[James Esdaile]]
* [[John Elliotson]]
* [[Jean-Martin Charcot]]
* [[Étienne Eugène Azam]]
* [[Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault]]
* [[John Milne Bramwell]]
* [[Hippolyte Bernheim]]
* [[Jean-Martin Charcot]]
* [[Pierre Janet]]
* [[Si... | [2] |
Circadian rhythm | External links | 266,449,455 | 2009-01-26T03:14:02Z | ChyranandChloe | * [http://www.enlighter.org/images/2009/01/lightingForTheCircadianSystem.pdf Lighting for the Circadian System] by Milena Semjonova on Enlighter.org May 2003
* [http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/27268/Can-you-reset-your-body-clock- Can you reset your body clock?] by John Triggs in the Daily Express December 4 2007
* ... | {{refbegin}}
* [http://www.enlighter.org/images/2009/01/lightingForTheCircadianSystem.pdf Lighting for the Circadian System] by Milena Semjonova on Enlighter.org May 2003
* [http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/27268/Can-you-reset-your-body-clock- Can you reset your body clock?] by John Triggs in the Daily Express Decem... | [11] |
Prion | (Top) | 266,572,709 | 2009-01-26T18:37:30Z | Jokermonkey | {{two other uses||the bird|Prion (bird)|the theoretical subatomic particle|Preon}}
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
Name = Prion Diseases (TSEs)|
ICD10 = A81 |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|046}} |
}}
A '''prion''' ({{IPAEng|ˈpriːɒn}}<ref>{{OED|Prion}}</ref>{{Audio|Pronunciation prion.ogg|listen}}) is thought to be an [[infectious dis... | {{two other uses||the bird|Prion (bird)|the theoretical subatomic particle|Preon}}
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
Name = Prion Diseases (TSEs)|
ICD10 = A81 |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|046}} |
}}
A '''prion''' ({{IPAEng|ˈpriːɒn}}<ref>{{OED|Prion}}</ref>{{Audio|Pronunciation prion.ogg|listen}}) is thought to be an [[infectious dis... | [11] |
Hypnosis | Conditioned Inhibition | 268,026,566 | 2009-02-02T13:02:06Z | Iidyllist | [[Ivan Pavlov]] stated that faketic suggestion provided the best example of a conditioned reflex response in human beings, i.e., that responses to suggestions were learned associations triggered by the words used. Pavlov himself wrote,
<blockquote>Speech, on account of the whole preceding life of the adult, is connec... | [[Ivan Pavlov]] stated that hypnotic suggestion provided the best example of a conditioned reflex response in human beings, i.e., that responses to suggestions were learned associations triggered by the words used. Pavlov himself wrote,
<blockquote>Speech, on account of the whole preceding life of the adult, is conne... | [11] |
Medical cannabis | Ancient Egypt | 268,041,028 | 2009-02-02T14:59:08Z | Roleplayer | The [[Ebers Papyrus]] (ca. 1,550 B.C.) from [[Ancient Egypt]] describes medical marijuana.<ref name="ebers">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.Weed is typically rolled in blunts and made to get you blowed. | The [[Ebers Papyrus]] (ca. 1,550 B.C.) from [[Ancient Egypt]] describes medical marijuana.<ref name="ebers">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.onlinepot.org/medical/eberspapyrus.htm
|title=The Ebers Papyrus The Oldest (confirmed) Written Prescriptions For Medical Marihuana era 1,550 BC
|publisher=www.onlinepot.org
|accessdate... | [1, 5, 7, 9] |
Parkinson's disease | Alternative Treatments | 268,514,599 | 2009-02-04T18:16:24Z | 90.193.250.8 | Nutrients have been used in clinical studies and are used by people with PD in order to partially treat PD or slow down its deterioration. The L-dopa precursor [[L-tyrosine]] was shown to relieve an average of 70% of symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Lemoine P, Robelin N, Sebert P, Mouret J | title=La L-tyrosine :... | Nutrients have been used in clinical studies and are used by people with PD in order to partially treat PD or slow down its deterioration. The L-dopa precursor [[L-tyrosine]] was shown to relieve an average of 70% of symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Lemoine P, Robelin N, Sebert P, Mouret J | title=La L-tyrosine :... | [11] |
Context-free grammar | Example 3 | 269,211,213 | 2009-02-07T22:44:37Z | 117.197.193.221 | In a context-free grammar, we can pair up characters the way we do with [[bracket]]s. The simplest example:
:S → aSb
:S → ab
This grammar generates the language <math> \{ a^n b^n : n \ge 1 \} </math>, which is not [[regular language|regular]].
The special character ε stands for the empty string. By chang... | Here is a context-free grammar for syntactically correct [[Infix notation|infix]] algebraic expressions in the variables x, y and z:
:S → x | y | z | S + S | S - S | S * S | S/S | (S)
This grammar can, for example, generate the string "( x + y ) * x - z * y / ( x + x )" as follows:
"S" is the initial string.
"S -... | [1, 2, 4, 9] |
Dream | Common themes | 270,152,977 | 2009-02-12T03:57:15Z | 208.104.116.114 | Content-analysis studies have identified common reported themes in dreams. These include: situations relating to school, being chased, running slowly in place, falling, arriving too late, a person now alive being dead, teeth falling out, flying, future events such as birthdays, anniversaries, etc. (with different scena... | Content-analysis studies have identified common reported themes in dreams. These include: situations relating to school, being chased, running slowly in place, falling, arriving too late, a person now alive being dead, a person who is dead being alive, teeth falling out, flying, future events such as birthdays, anniver... | [1] |
Context-free grammar | Example 2 | 270,457,835 | 2009-02-13T15:38:53Z | 89.32.143.222 | Here is a context-free grammar for syntactically correct [[Infix notation|infix]] algebraic expressions in the variables x, y and z:
:S → x | y | z | S + S | S - S | S * S | S/S | (S)
This grammar can, for example, generate the string "( x + y ) * x - z * y / ( x + x )" as follows:
"S" is the initial string.
"S -... | In a context-free grammar, we can pair up characters the way we do with [[bracket]]s. The simplest example:
:S → aSbcdef
:S → ab
This grammar generates the language <math> \{ a^n b^n : n \ge 1 \} </math>, which is not [[regular language|regular]].
The special character ε stands for the empty string. By c... | [1, 2, 4, 9, 10] |
Prion | Sterilization | 272,200,866 | 2009-02-21T03:57:35Z | Shanoman | Infectious particles possessing nucleic acid are dependent upon it to direct their continued replication. Prions however, are infectious by their effect on normal versions of the protein. Therefore, sterilizing prions involves the [[denaturation (biochemistry)|denaturation]] of the protein to a state where the molecule... | Infectious particles possessing nucleic acid are dependent upon it to direct their continued replication. Prions however, are infectious by their effect on normal versions of the protein. Therefore, sterilizing prions involves the [[denaturation (biochemistry)|denaturation]] of the protein to a state where the molecule... | [9] |
Genetic engineering | Human genetic engineering | 272,473,424 | 2009-02-22T11:27:26Z | Doulos Christos | {{seealso|Human genetic engineering}} | {{seealso|Human genetic engineering}}
Human genetic engineering can be used to treat [[genetic disease]], but there is a difference between treating the disease in an individual and changing the genome that gets passed down to that person's descendants (germ-line genetic engineering).
Human genetic engineering is alr... | [1, 4, 9] |
Human brain | (Top) | 273,876,521 | 2009-02-28T13:45:14Z | Catmannah19 | {{About|features specific to the human brain|basic information about brains|brain}}
[[Image:Skull and brain normal human.svg|thumb|right|250px|Drawing of the human brain and skull.]]
The '''human brain''' is the centre of the human [[nervous system]] and is the most complex organ in any creature on earth. It has the s... | {{About|features specific to the human brain|basic information about brains|brain}}
[[Image:Skull and brain normal human.svg|thumb|right|250px|Drawing of the human brain and skull.]]
The brain is the centre of the human nervous system and is the most complex organ in any creature on earth. but is over five times as la... | [1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 4] |
Circadian rhythm | Origin | 274,303,922 | 2009-03-02T01:19:56Z | SmackBot | {{Unreferencedsection|date=October 2007}}
Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[[... | {{Unreferenced section|date=October 2007}}
Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[... | [11] |
Bubble sort | (Top) | 274,711,530 | 2009-03-03T16:31:15Z | Noisylo65 | {{Infobox Algorithm
|class=[[Sorting algorithm]]
|image=[[Image:Bubble sort animation.gif|frame|right|Bubble sort animation]]
|data=[[Array]]
|time=''О(n²)''
|space=''О(n)'' total, ''O(1)'' auxiliary
|optimal=No
}}
'''Bubble sort''' is a simple [[sorting algorithm]]. It works by repeatedly stepping through the list to... | {{Infobox Algorithm
|class=[[Sorting algorithm]]
|image=[[Image:Bubble sort animation.gif|frame|right|Bubble sort animation]]
|data=[[Array]]
|time=''О(n²)''
|space=''О(n)'' total, ''O(1)'' auxiliary
|optimal=No
}}
'''Bubble sort''' is a simple [[sorting algorithm]] developed by Ian P. Turnipseed. It works by repeated... | [5] |
Alzheimer's disease | (Top) | 274,713,459 | 2009-03-03T16:41:26Z | 164.116.78.161 | {{redirect|Alzheimer}}
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox
| Name = Alzheimer's disease
| Image = COMPARISONSLICE HIGH.JPG
| Caption = Comparison of a normal aged brain (left) and an Alzheimer's patient's brain (right). Differential characteristics are pointed out.
| DiseasesDB = 490
| ICD10 ... | {{redirect|Alzheimer}}
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox
| Name = Alzheimer's disease
| Image = COMPARISONSLICE HIGH.JPG
| Caption = Comparison of a normal aged brain (left) and an Alzheimer's patient's brain (right). Differential characteristics are pointed out.
| DiseasesDB = 490
| ICD10 ... | [1, 2, 8] |
Circadian rhythm | (Top) | 274,860,774 | 2009-03-04T05:34:55Z | WhisperToMe | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly-24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living beings, including [[plant]]s, [[animal]]s, [[fungi]] and [[cyanobacteria]]. The term "circadian", coined by [[Franz Halberg]],<ref>http://www.msi... | {{refimprove}}
{{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly-24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living beings, including [[plant]]s, [[animal]]s, [[fungi]] and [[cyanobacteria]]. The term "circadian", coined by [[Franz Halberg]],<ref... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | Music | 275,199,440 | 2009-03-05T17:04:21Z | Fadeddelusionist | null | An uncomprimising drive of punk rock, classic rock, and metal defines The Circadian Rhythm's music. Driven by thrash riffs, powerful vocals, a driving backbone of percussion combined with post grunge bass lines. Their unique and sometimes abrasive sound rises above the standard metalcore, grindcore, and nu metal. Creat... | [1, 4, 5, 9, 10] |
Circadian rhythm | External links | 275,209,013 | 2009-03-05T17:55:44Z | Andrew Su | {{refbegin}}
* [http://www.enlighter.org/images/2009/01/lightingForTheCircadianSystem.pdf Lighting for the Circadian System] by Milena Semjonova on Enlighter.org May 2003
* [http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/27268/Can-you-reset-your-body-clock- Can you reset your body clock?] by John Triggs in the Daily Express Decem... | {{refbegin}}
* [http://www.enlighter.org/images/2009/01/lightingForTheCircadianSystem.pdf Lighting for the Circadian System] by Milena Semjonova on Enlighter.org May 2003
* [http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/27268/Can-you-reset-your-body-clock- Can you reset your body clock?] by John Triggs in the Daily Express Decem... | [11] |
Methadone | (Top) | 276,275,295 | 2009-03-10T14:26:39Z | 63.67.68.55 | {{drugbox
| IUPAC_name = 6-(Dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one
| image = Methadone.svg
| width = 119
| CAS_number = 76-99-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}
| ChemSpiderID = 3953
| ATC_prefix = N02
| ATC_suffix = AC52
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|N07|BC02}}, {{ATC|R05|DA06}}
| PubChem = 4095
| smiles = CCC(=O)C(CC(C)N(C)C... | {{drugbox
| IUPAC_name = 6-(Dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one
| image = Methadone.svg
| width = 119
| CAS_number = 76-99-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}
| ChemSpiderID = 3953
| ATC_prefix = N02
| ATC_suffix = AC52
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|N07|BC02}}, {{ATC|R05|DA06}}
| PubChem = 4095
| smiles = CCC(=O)C(CC(C)N(C)C... | [1, 3, 10] |
Circadian rhythm | Criteria | 276,429,980 | 2009-03-11T02:33:00Z | 24.28.19.184 | To differentiate genuinely endogenous circadian rhythms from coincidental or apparent ones, three general criteria must be met: the rhythms persist in the absence of cues, they can be brought to match the local time and will do so equally precisely over a range of temperatures.
* The rhythm persists in constant condit... | To differentiate genuinely endogenous circadian rhythms from coincidental or apparent ones, three general criteria must be met: the rhythms persist in the absence of cues, they can be brought to match the local time and will do so equally precisely over a range of temperatures.
* The rhythm persists in constant condit... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | Determining the human circadian rhythm | 276,763,567 | 2009-03-12T15:39:50Z | Teenweedle | [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG|thumb|400px|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]]
The classic phase markers for measuring the timing of a mammal's circadian rhythm are
*melatonin secretion by the pineal gland and
*core body temperature.
For temperature studies, people ... | [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG|thumb|400px|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]]
The classic phase markers for measuring the timing of a mammal's circadian rhythm are
*melatonin secretion by the pineal gland and
*core body temperature.
For temperature studies, people ... | [1] |
Circadian rhythm | Determining the human circadian rhythm | 276,843,972 | 2009-03-12T22:09:57Z | Hordaland | [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG|thumb|400px|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]]
The classic phase markers for measuring the timing of a mammal's circadian rhythm are
*melatonin secretion by the pineal gland and
*core body temperature.
For temperature studies, people ... | [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG|thumb|400px|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]]
The classic phase markers for measuring the timing of a mammal's circadian rhythm are
*melatonin secretion by the pineal gland and
*core body temperature.
For temperature studies, people ... | [2] |
Circadian rhythm | Criteria | 277,307,118 | 2009-03-15T01:34:56Z | Hordaland | To differentiate genuinely endogenous circadian rhythms from coincidental or apparent ones, three general criteria must be met:
1) the rhythms persist in the absence of cues
2) the rhythms can be brought to match the local time
2) the rhythms will do so equally precisely over a range of temperatures.
* The rhythm per... | To differentiate genuinely endogenous circadian rhythms from coincidental or apparent ones, three general criteria must be met: 1) the rhythms persist in the absence of cues, 2) they persist equally precisely over a range of temperatures, and 3) the rhythms can be adjusted to match the local time.
* The rhythm persist... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | Determining the human circadian rhythm | 277,307,118 | 2009-03-15T01:34:56Z | Hordaland | [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG|thumb|400px|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]]
The classic phase markers for measuring the timing of a mammal's circadian rhythm are *melatonin secretion by the pineal gland and
*core body temperature.
For temperature studies, people m... | [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG|thumb|400px|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]]
The classic phase markers for measuring the timing of a mammal's circadian rhythm are
*melatonin secretion by the pineal gland and
*core body temperature.
For temperature studies, people ... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | History | 277,623,442 | 2009-03-16T11:47:40Z | SmackBot | The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when [[Eratosthenes]],{{fact}} in descriptions of the marches of [[Alexander the Great]], described [[diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree. The first modern observation of endogenous circadian oscillation was by the French scie... | The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when [[Eratosthenes]],{{Fact|date=March 2009}} in descriptions of the marches of [[Alexander the Great]], described [[diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree. The first modern observation of endogenous circadian oscillation was by... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | Impact of light-dark cycle | 279,008,109 | 2009-03-22T20:37:17Z | ChyranandChloe | The rhythm is linked to the light-dark cycle. Animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a [[Free-running sleep|freerunning]] rhythm. Each "day," their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward, depending on whether their endogenous period is shorter or longer than 24 ho... | The rhythm is linked to the light-dark cycle. Animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a [[Free-running sleep|freerunning]] rhythm. Each "day," their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward, depending on whether their endogenous period is shorter or longer than 24 ho... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | History | 279,428,547 | 2009-03-24T19:54:47Z | 206.239.176.62 | The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when [[Eratosthenes]],{{Fact|date=March 2009}} in descriptions of the marches of [[Alexander the Great]], described [[Diurnality|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree. The first modern observation of endogenous circadian oscilla... | The | [2, 8] |
Circadian rhythm | earliest | 279,428,547 | 2009-03-24T19:54:47Z | 206.239.176.62 | The | known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when [[Eratosthenes]],{{Fact|date=March 2009}} in descriptions of the marches of [[Alexander the Great]], described [[Diurnality|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree. The first modern observation of endogenous circadian oscillation was by t... | [1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10] |
Dream | (Top) | 280,383,155 | 2009-03-29T09:07:57Z | 195.244.9.73 | {{otheruses}}
[[Image:Antonio de Pereda - The Knight's Dream.JPG|300px|right|thumb|"The Knight's Dream" by [[Antonio de Pereda]]]]
'''Dreams''' are a [[sequence|series]] of [[image]]s, [[sound]]s and [[feeling]]s occurring involuntarily in the [[mind]] during certain stages of [[sleep]], accompanied with [[rapid eye mo... | {{otheruses}}
[[Image:Antonio de Pereda - The Knight's Dream.JPG|300px|right|thumb|"The Knight's Dream" by [[Antonio de Pereda]]]]
'''Dreams''' are a [[sequence|series]] of [[image]]s, [[sound]]s and [[feeling]]s occurring involuntarily in the [[mind]] during certain stages of [[sleep]], accompanied with [[rapid eye mo... | [10] |
Methamphetamine | World War II | 280,802,059 | 2009-03-31T05:02:22Z | Versageek | One of the earliest uses of methamphetamine was during World War II when the German military dispensed it under the trade name '''Pervitin'''.<ref name=Pervitin>{{cite web | url=http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=271075|title=Substance Page on Methamphetamine|work=PubChem}}</ref> It was widely dis... | One of the earliest uses of methamphetamine was during World War II when the German military dispensed it under the trade name '''Pervitin'''.<ref name=Pervitin>{{cite web | url=http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=271075|title=Substance Page on Methamphetamine|work=PubChem}}</ref> It was widely dis... | [11] |
Instruction cycle | The Fetch-Execute cycle in Transfer Notation | 282,660,137 | 2009-04-08T23:53:01Z | R. S. Shaw | MAR<-[PC]
MDR<-[MemoryLocation]
PC<-[PC]+1 (The increment here indicates one instruction.)
IR<-[MDR]
E = M * C^2
[[Category:Instruction processing|Cycle]]
[[de:Befehlszyklus]]
[[it:Ciclo di fetch-execute]]
[[lv:Cikls]]
[[pt:Ciclo de instrução]]
[[zh:指令周期]] | MAR<-[PC]
MDR<-[MemoryLocation]
PC<-[PC]+1 (The increment here indicates one instruction.)
IR<-[MDR]
[[Category:Instruction processing|Cycle]]
[[de:Befehlszyklus]]
[[it:Ciclo di fetch-execute]]
[[lv:Cikls]]
[[pt:Ciclo de instrução]]
[[zh:指令周期]] | [11] |
Human cloning | (Top) | 282,781,461 | 2009-04-09T15:14:13Z | Netpassport89 | {{pp-semi-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Cleanup|date=November 2007}}
'''Human cloning''' is the creation of a [[genetics|genetically]] identical copy of a [[human]] being, human [[cell (biology)|cell]], or human [[biological tissue|tissue]]. | {{pp-semi-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Cleanup|date=November 2007}}
'''Human cloning''' is the creation of a [[genetics|genetically]] identical copy of a [[human]] being (not usually referring monozygotic[[multiple births]]), human [[cell (biology)|cell]], or human [[biological tissue|tissue]]. | [3, 4, 9] |
Medical cannabis | External links | 282,812,320 | 2009-04-09T18:03:27Z | 68.13.134.213 | * {{dmoz|Society/Issues/Health/Drugs/Illegal/Pro-Legalization/Marijuana/}}, links to pro-legalization websites
* {{dmoz|Health/Pharmacy/Drugs_and_Medications/M/Marijuana/}}, links to medical websites concerning cannabis
* [http://www.cannabisclub.ca/cc/wordpress/category/conditions/page/2/ List of conditions that medic... | * {{dmoz|Society/Issues/Health/Drugs/Illegal/Pro-Legalization/Marijuana/}}, links to pro-legalization websites
* {{dmoz|Health/Pharmacy/Drugs_and_Medications/M/Marijuana/}}, links to medical websites concerning cannabis
* [http://www.cannabisclub.ca/cc/wordpress/category/conditions/page/2/ List of conditions that medic... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | References | 283,564,930 | 2009-04-13T14:26:07Z | Before My Ken | <!--<nowiki>
See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref> and </ref> tags, and the template below.
</nowiki>-->
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} | null | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | (Top) | 283,655,035 | 2009-04-13T21:56:48Z | Carl Hirschie Johnson | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
[[File:Day Sleepers crop.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Some studies have shown that a short period of sleep during the day, a [[power-nap]], does not effect normal circadian rhythm, but can decrease stress and improve productivity.]]
A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly-24... | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
[[File:Day Sleepers crop.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Some studies have shown that a short period of sleep during the day, a [[power-nap]], does not effect normal circadian rhythm, but can decrease stress and improve productivity.]]
A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly-24... | [1, 9] |
Circadian rhythm | (Top) | 283,695,597 | 2009-04-14T01:40:50Z | 77.221.0.70 | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
[[File:Day Sleepers crop.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Some studies have shown that a short period of sleep during the day, a [[power-nap]], does not effect normal circadian rhythm, but can decrease stress and improve productivity.]]
A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly-24... | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
[[File:Day Sleepers crop.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Some studies have shown that a short period of sleep during the day, a [[power-nap]], does not affect normal circadian rhythm, but can decrease stress and improve productivity.]]
A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly-24... | [11] |
K-d tree | Complexity | 284,389,647 | 2009-04-17T10:28:34Z | 41.243.212.78 | * Building a static ''k''d-tree from ''n'' points takes [[Big O notation|O]](''n'' log <sup>2</sup> ''n'') time if an [[Big O notation|O]](''n'' log ''n'') sort is used to compute the median at each level. The complexity is [[Big O notation|O]](''n'' log ''n'') if a linear [[Selection algorithm|median-finding]] algorit... | * Building a static ''k''d-tree from ''n'' points takes [[Big O notation|O]](''n'' log <sup>2</sup> ''n'') time if an [[Big O notation|O]](''n'' log ''n'') sort is used to compute the median at each level. The complexity is [[Big O notation|O]](''n'' log ''n'') if a linear [[Selection algorithm|median-finding]] algorit... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | History | 286,656,877 | 2009-04-28T15:03:26Z | Madcoverboy | The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when [[Eratosthenes]],{{Fact|date=March 2009}} in descriptions of the marches of [[Alexander the Great]], described [[Diurnality|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree. The first modern observation of endogenous circadian oscilla... | The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when [[Eratosthenes]],{{Fact|date=March 2009}} in descriptions of the marches of [[Alexander the Great]], described [[Diurnality|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree. The first modern observation of endogenous circadian oscilla... | [5, 7, 9, 1] |
Dream | Popular culture | 286,675,407 | 2009-04-28T16:49:52Z | Jamesooders | Modern [[popular culture]] often conceives of dreams, like Freud, as expressions of the dreamer's deepest fears and desires.<ref name="Van Riper 56">{{cite book|last=Van Riper|first=A. Bowdoin|title=Science in popular culture: a reference guide|publisher=[[Greenwood Press]]|location=Westport|year=2002|pages=56|isbn=0–3... | Modern [[popular culture]] often conceives of dreams, like Freud, as expressions of the dreamer's deepest fears and desires.<ref name="Van Riper 56">{{cite book|last=Van Riper|first=A. Bowdoin|title=Science in popular culture: a reference guide|publisher=[[Greenwood Press]]|location=Westport|year=2002|pages=56|isbn=0–3... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | External links | 286,863,997 | 2009-04-29T15:27:46Z | 99.237.139.215 | {{refbegin}}
* [http://www.enlighter.org/images/2009/01/lightingForTheCircadianSystem.pdf Lighting for the Circadian System] by Milena Semjonova on Enlighter.org May 2003
* [http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/27268/Can-you-reset-your-body-clock- Can you reset your body clock?] by John Triggs in the Daily Express Decem... | {{refbegin}}
* [http://www.enlighter.org/images/2009/01/lightingForTheCircadianSystem.pdf Lighting for the Circadian System] by Milena Semjonova on Enlighter.org May 2003
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18272659?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_R... | [1, 4, 7] |
Circadian rhythm | External links | 286,864,211 | 2009-04-29T15:29:15Z | 99.237.139.215 | {{refbegin}}
* [http://www.enlighter.org/images/2009/01/lightingForTheCircadianSystem.pdf Lighting for the Circadian System] by Milena Semjonova on Enlighter.org May 2003
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18272659?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_R... | {{refbegin}}
* [http://www.enlighter.org/images/2009/01/lightingForTheCircadianSystem.pdf Lighting for the Circadian System] by Milena Semjonova on Enlighter.org May 2003
* [http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/27268/Can-you-reset-your-body-clock- Can you reset your body clock?] by John Triggs in the Daily Express Decem... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | Notes | 286,864,483 | 2009-04-29T15:31:04Z | 99.237.139.215 | {{Refimprovesmall|date=March 2009}}
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{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18272659?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezS... | {{Refimprovesmall|date=March 2009}}
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See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref> and </ref> tags, and the template below.
</nowiki>-->
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} | [2, 8] |
Circadian rhythm | Criteria | 288,462,688 | 2009-05-07T12:46:10Z | 94.192.92.78 | To differentiate genuinely endogenous circadian rhythms from coincidental or apparent ones, three general criteria must be met: 1) the rhythms persist in the absence of cues, 2) they persist equally precisely over a range of temperatures, and 3) the rhythms can be adjusted to match the local time.
* The rhythm persist... | To differentiate genuinely endogenous circadian rhythms from coincidental or apparent ones, three general criteria must be met: 1) the rhythms persist in the absence of cues, 2) they persist equally precisely over a range of temperatures, and 3) the rhythms can be adjusted to match the local time.
* The rhythm persist... | [11] |
Von Neumann architecture | Early von Neumann-architecture computers | 289,244,591 | 2009-05-11T12:51:14Z | 84.104.51.197 | The ''First Draft'' described a design that was used by many universities and corporations to construct their computers.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.edu/spfeatures/john_von_neumann/electronic-computer-project/ | title=Electronic Computer Project}}</ref> Among these various computers, only ILLIAC and ORDVAC had... | The ''First Draft'' described a design that was used by many universities and corporations to construct their computers.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.edu/spfeatures/john_von_neumann/electronic-computer-project/ | title=Electronic Computer Project}}</ref> Among these various computers, only ILLIAC and ORDVAC had... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | (Top) | 289,391,038 | 2009-05-12T03:36:24Z | 67.43.74.148 | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
[[File:Day Sleepers crop.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Some studies have shown that a short period of sleep during the day, a [[power-nap]], does not affect normal circadian rhythm, but can decrease stress and improve productivity.]]
A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly-24... | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
[[File:Day Sleepers crop.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Some studies have shown that a short period of sleep during the day, a [[power-nap]], does not affect normal circadian rhythm, but can decrease stress and improve productivity.]]
A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly-25... | [3, 10] |
Alzheimer's disease | Prognosis | 289,487,485 | 2009-05-12T16:06:59Z | RobertG | The early stages of Alzheimer's disease are easy to diagnose. A definitive diagnosis is usually made once cognitive impairment compromises daily living activities, although the person may still be living independently. He will progress from mild cognitive problems, such as memory loss through increasing stages of cogni... | The early stages of Alzheimer's disease are difficult to diagnose. A definitive diagnosis is usually made once cognitive impairment compromises daily living activities, although the person may still be living independently. He will progress from mild cognitive problems, such as memory loss through increasing stages of ... | [3] |
DNA sequencing | (Top) | 290,075,417 | 2009-05-15T11:39:39Z | Citation bot | The term '''DNA sequencing''' refers to methods for determining the order of the [[nucleotide]] bases, [[adenine]], [[guanine]], [[cytosine]], and [[thymine]], in a molecule of [[DNA]]. The first DNA sequences were obtained by academic researchers, using laborious methods based on 2-dimensional chromatography in the ea... | The term '''DNA sequencing''' refers to methods for determining the order of the [[nucleotide]] bases, [[adenine]], [[guanine]], [[cytosine]], and [[thymine]], in a molecule of [[DNA]]. The first DNA sequences were obtained by academic researchers, using laborious methods based on 2-dimensional chromatography in the ea... | [11] |
Circadian rhythm | External links | 294,106,504 | 2009-06-03T05:16:22Z | Gadgit7 | {{refbegin}}
* [http://www.enlighter.org/images/2009/01/lightingForTheCircadianSystem.pdf Lighting for the Circadian System] by Milena Semjonova on Enlighter.org May 2003
* [http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/27268/Can-you-reset-your-body-clock- Can you reset your body clock?] by John Triggs in the Daily Express Decem... | {{refbegin}}
*[http://www.lighttherapy.com.au/circadian_rhythms.php Circadian Rhythm, History and Science]
* [http://www.enlighter.org/images/2009/01/lightingForTheCircadianSystem.pdf Lighting for the Circadian System] by Milena Semjonova on Enlighter.org May 2003
* [http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/27268/Can-you-re... | [1] |
Circadian rhythm | (Top) | 294,487,566 | 2009-06-05T00:46:48Z | ClueBot | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
[[File:Day Sleepers crop.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Some studies have shown that a short period of sleep during the day, a [[power-nap]], does not affect normal circadian rhythm, but can decrease stress and improve productivity.]]
A '''Nigger''' is a roughly-24-hour cycl... | {{redirect|Human clock|the online clock|Humanclock}}
[[File:Day Sleepers crop.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Some studies have shown that a short period of sleep during the day, a [[power-nap]], does not affect normal circadian rhythm, but can decrease stress and improve productivity.]]
A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly-24... | [11] |
Prion | Function | 294,654,136 | 2009-06-05T21:14:17Z | Gonkstem | The precise function of the prion protein is not known, but there is evidence that it serves as a copper-dependent antioxidant.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Millhauser GL |title=Copper and the prion protein: methods, structures, function, and disease |journal=Ann Rev Phys Chem |year=2007 |volume=58 |pages=299–320 |pmid=1... | The function of the prion protein remains contraversial, but there is evidence that it serves as a copper-dependent antioxidant.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Brown DR |title= Normal prion protein has an activity like that of superoxide dismutase. |journal=Biochem J |year=1999 |volume=344 |pages=1-15|pmid=10548526}</ref> | [3, 6, 7, 8] |
Human brain | (Top) | 294,675,663 | 2009-06-05T23:04:52Z | 62.31.163.21 | {{About|features specific to the human brain|basic information about brains|brain}}
{{portalpar|Neuroscience|Neuro logo.png}}
[[Image:Skull and brain normal human.svg|thumb|right|200px|Drawing of the human brain and skull.]]
The '''human brain''' is the center of the human [[nervous system]] and is a highly complex org... | {{About|features specific to the human brain|basic information about brains|brain}}
{{portalpar|Neuroscience|Neuro logo.png}}
[[Image:Skull and brain normal human.svg|thumb|right|200px|Drawing of the human brain and skull.]]
The '''human brain''' is the center of the human [[nervous system]] and is a highly complex org... | [1, 4, 7, 9, 10] |
Circadian rhythm | External links | 296,660,495 | 2009-06-16T00:52:30Z | WLU | {{refbegin}}
*[http://www.lighttherapy.com.au/circadian_rhythms.php Circadian Rhythm, History and Science]
* [http://www.enlighter.org/images/2009/01/lightingForTheCircadianSystem.pdf Lighting for the Circadian System] by Milena Semjonova on Enlighter.org May 2003
* [http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/27268/Can-you-re... | * {{dmoz|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Sleep_Disorders/Biological_Rhythms}}
[[Category:Sleep]]
[[Category:Circadian rhythms]]
[[Category:Biology of bipolar disorder]]
[[cs:Cirkadiánní rytmus]]
[[da:Døgnrytme]]
[[de:Circadiane Rhythmik]]
[[es:Ritmo circadiano]]
[[fr:Nycthémère]]
[[it:Ritmo circadiano]]
[[he:שעון ביול... | [8] |
Circadian rhythm | History | 297,652,829 | 2009-06-21T02:16:52Z | Biographer100 | The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when [[Eratosthenes]],{{Fact|date=March 2009}} (possible mistake: Androsthenes instead of Eratosthenes) in descriptions of the marches of [[Alexander the Great]], described [[Diurnality|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree. The... | The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when [[Androsthenes]], in descriptions of the marches of [[Alexander the Great]], described [[Diurnality|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree.<ref>Bretzl H. ''Botaniche Forchungen des Alexanderzuges.'' Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.</... | [3] |
Circadian rhythm | See also | 297,707,694 | 2009-06-21T10:39:01Z | 67.49.34.62 | * [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry)
* [[Advanced sleep phase syndrome]]
* [[ARNTL]]
* [[ARNTL2]]
* [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]]
* [[Chronobiology]]
* [[Chronotype]]
* [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]]
* [[Cryptochrome]]
* [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochrome family genes
* [[Jet lag]]
* [[Light effects... | * [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry)
* [[Advanced sleep phase syndrome]]
* [[ARNTL]]
* [[ARNTL2]]
* [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]]
* [[Chronobiology]]
* [[Chronotype]]
* [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]]
* [[Cryptochrome]]
* [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochrome family genes
* [[Jet lag]]
* [[Light effects... | [11] |
Down syndrome | Characteristics | 303,531,799 | 2009-07-22T13:46:00Z | Kittins floating in the sky yay | {{Main|Health aspects of Down syndrome}}
[[Image:Brushfield.jpg|thumb|right|Example of white spots on the [[iris (anatomy)|iris]] known as ''[[Brushfield spots]]'']]
Individuals with Down syndrome may have some or all of the following physical characteristics: oblique eye fissures with epicanthic skin folds on the in... | {{Main|Health aspects of Down syndrome}}
[[Image:Brushfield.jpg|thumb|right|Example of white spots on the [[iris (anatomy)|iris]] known as ''[[Brushfield spots]]'']]
Individuals with Down syndrome may have some or all of the following physical characteristics: [[microgenia]] (abnormally small chin)<ref>{[cite web |url... | [1, 4, 9, 3] |
Dream | Color vs. black and white | 303,634,794 | 2009-07-22T23:52:24Z | Gasta220 | Twelve percent of people dream only in black and white.<ref>{{cite journal
| author = Michael Schredl, Petra Ciric, Simon Götz, Lutz Wittmann
| year = 2004
| month = November
| title = Typical Dreams: Stability and Gender Differences
| journal = The Journal of Psychology
| volume = 138
| issue = 6
| pages ... | Twelve percent of people dream only in black and white.<ref>{{cite journal
| author = Michael Schredl, Petra Ciric, Simon Götz, Lutz Wittmann
| year = 2004
| month = November
| title = Typical Dreams: Stability and Gender Differences
| journal = The Journal of Psychology
| volume = 138
| issue = 6
| pages = 485... | [2] |
Circadian rhythm | See also | 304,081,893 | 2009-07-25T07:05:39Z | 81.157.21.245 | * [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry)
* [[Advanced sleep phase syndrome]]
* [[ARNTL]]
* [[ARNTL2]]
* [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]]
* [[Chronobiology]]
* [[Chronotype]]
* [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]]
* [[Cryptochrome]]
* [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochrome family genes
* [[Jet lag]]
* [[Light effects... | * [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry)
* [[Advanced sleep phase syndrome]]
* [[ARNTL]]
* [[ARNTL2]]
* [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]]
* [[Chronobiology]]
* [[Chronotype]]
* [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]]
* [[Cryptochrome]]
* [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochrome family genes
* [[Delayed sleep phase syndrom... | [1, 9] |
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