Split (1)

test · 1.39k rows

Article stringclasses 29 values	Section stringlengths 4 226	Revision Id int64 149k 1.29B	Timestamp stringlengths 20 25	Author stringlengths 2 39	Previous Section Text stringlengths 3 27.1k ⌀	Edited Section Text stringlengths 3 24.2k ⌀	Gold Labels stringclasses 209 values
Circadian rhythm	Biological clock in mammals	304,650,402	2009-07-28T10:06:57Z	Stevenfruitsmaak	The primary circadian "clock" in [[mammal]]s is located in the [[suprachiasmatic nucleus]] (or nuclei) ([[SCN]])), a pair of distinct groups of [[cell (biology)\|cell]]s located in the [[hypothalamus]]. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep/wake rhythm. The SCN receives information ab...	[[Image:Circadian rhythm labeled.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|Diagram illustrating the influence of dark-light rythms on circadian rythms and related [[physiology]] and behavior through the [[suprachiasmatic nucleus]] in humans.]] The primary circadian "clock" in [[mammal]]s is located in the [[suprachiasmatic nucleus]] (or nuclei)...	[11]
Prion	Heavy metal poisoning hypothesis	304,826,494	2009-07-29T06:12:30Z	216.234.170.71	Autoclavure destroys protein and viruses, not the agent of disease.<ref name="pmid10716712"> </ref> The protein that can become protease resistant [[amyloidosis]] may gain [[superoxide dismutase]] activity when bound to copper ions. <ref>{{cite web\| url=http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s638.pdf \|format=PDF\| t...	Autoclavure destroys protein and genetic material, not the agent of disease.<ref name="pmid10716712"> </ref> The protein that can become protease resistant [[amyloidosis]] may gain [[superoxide dismutase]] activity when bound to copper ions. <ref>{{cite web\| url=http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s638.pdf \|form...	[3]
Medical cannabis	Alzheimer's disease	307,314,709	2009-08-11T06:43:03Z	Chris Capoccia	Research done by the [[Scripps Research Institute]] in California shows that the active ingredient in marijuana, [[THC]], prevents the formation of deposits in the brain associated with [[Alzheimer's disease]]. THC was found to prevent an enzyme called [[acetylcholinesterase]] from accelerating the formation of "Alzhei...	Research done by the [[Scripps Research Institute]] in California shows that the active ingredient in marijuana, [[THC]], prevents the formation of deposits in the brain associated with [[Alzheimer's disease]]. THC was found to prevent an enzyme called [[acetylcholinesterase]] from accelerating the formation of "Alzhei...	[7]
Code injection	Preventing code injection	307,613,816	2009-08-12T19:49:02Z	209.195.86.225	To prevent code injection problems, utilize [[secure input and output handling]], such as: * Input validation * Escaping dangerous characters. For instance, in PHP, using the <code>htmlentities()</code> function to protect general inputs into your web application, and <code>mysql_real_escape_string()</code> to protect...	To prevent code injection problems, utilize [[secure input and output handling]], such as: * Input validation * Escaping dangerous characters. For instance, in PHP, using the <code>htmlentities()</code> function to protect general inputs into your web application, and <code>mysql_real_escape_string()</code> to protect...	[1, 4]
Circadian rhythm	Biological clock in mammals	308,122,934	2009-08-15T13:58:36Z	Hordaland	[[Image:Circadian rhythm labeled.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|Diagram illustrating the influence of light and darkness on circadian rhythms and related [[physiology]] and behavior through the [[suprachiasmatic nucleus]] in humans.]] The primary circadian "clock" in [[mammal]]s is located in the [[suprachiasmatic nucleus]] (or nucle...	[[Image:Circadian rhythm labeled.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|Diagram illustrating the influence of light and darkness on circadian rhythms and related [[physiology]] and behavior through the [[suprachiasmatic nucleus]] in humans.]] The primary circadian "clock" in [[mammal]]s is located in the [[suprachiasmatic nucleus]] (or nucle...	[1, 3]
Methadone	Methadone maintenance treatment	308,814,195	2009-08-19T03:31:41Z	OlEnglish	MMT (Methadone Maintenance Treatment) reduces and/or eliminates the use of heroin and abused prescription based opiates, and criminality associated with heroin and abused prescription based opiate use, and allows patients to improve their health and social productivity.<ref name="JosephStancliffLangrod"/> In addition, ...	MMT (Methadone Maintenance Treatment) reduces and/or eliminates the use of heroin, and criminality associated with heroin use, and allows patients to improve their health and social productivity.<ref name="JosephStancliffLangrod"/> In addition, enrollment in methadone maintenance has the potential to reduce the transmi...	[11]
DNA sequencing	Large-scale sequencing strategies	310,819,242	2009-08-30T02:14:20Z	Xook1kai Choa6aur	Current methods can directly sequence only relatively short (300-1000 [[nucleotides]] long) DNA fragments in a single reaction.<ref>[http://www.appliedbiosystems.com/catalog/myab/StoreCatalog/products/CategoryDetails.jsp?hierarchyID=102&category1st=a50&category2nd=a51&category3rd=111907 3730xl DNA Analyzer]</ref> The m...	DNA can be sequenced with little sample preparation. ''[[Shotgun sequencing\|shotgun methods]]'' are often used for sequencing large genomes, but shotgun methods my fail with [[sequence repeat]]s often causing gaps in genome assembly. More complex are methods when DNA before sequencing is stored into gnomic library. ...	[1, 2, 4, 9]
DNA sequencing	(Top)	310,844,324	2009-08-30T05:59:04Z	Xook1kai Choa6aur	The term '''DNA sequencing''' refers to [[sequencing]] methods to read genetic information - the order of the [[nucleotide]] bases, [[adenine]], [[guanine]], [[cytosine]], and [[thymine]], in a molecule of [[DNA]]. Knowledge of [[DNA sequence]]s of [[gene]]s has become indispensable for [[molecular biology]] and basi...	The term '''DNA sequencing''' refers to [[sequencing]] methods to read genetic information - the order of the [[nucleotide]] bases, [[adenine]], [[guanine]], [[cytosine]], and [[thymine]], in a molecule of [[DNA]]. Knowledge of DNA sequences has become indispensable for basic biological research, other research branc...	[1, 2, 3, 9]
Circadian rhythm	Impact of light-dark cycle	312,798,203	2009-09-09T15:48:33Z	130.63.242.156	The rhythm is linked to the light-dark cycle. Animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a [[Free-running sleep\|freerunning]] rhythm. Each "day," their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward, depending on whether their [[endogenous]] period is shorter or longer than 2...	The rhythm is linked to the light-dark cycle. Animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a [[Free-running sleep\|freerunning]] rhythm. Each "day," their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward, depending on whether their [[endogenous]] period is shorter or longer than 2...	[1, 3, 4]
Human brain	Language	312,910,032	2009-09-10T03:17:26Z	Bcjordan	[[Image:BrocasAreaSmall.png\|thumb\|right\|250px\|Location of two brain areas that play a critical role in language, Broca's area and Wernicke's area]] In human beings, it is the left hemisphere that usually contains the specialized language areas. While this holds true for 97% of right-handed people, about 19% of left-han...	[[Image:BrocasAreaSmall.png\|thumb\|right\|250px\|Location of two brain areas that play a critical role in language, Broca's area and Wernicke's area]] In human beings, it is the left hemisphere that usually contains the specialized language areas. While this holds true for 97% of right-handed people, about 19% of left-han...	[3, 9, 4]
Circadian rhythm	The human circadian period	313,347,402	2009-09-12T10:31:16Z	Thumperward	Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to ...	Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to ...	[1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10]
Code injection	See also	313,740,979	2009-09-14T04:36:19Z	189.122.127.15	* [[Buffer overflow]] * [[Debugging]] * [[Mobile code]] * [[Monitoring]] * [[SQL injection]] * [[Trojan horse (computing)]]	* [[Remote File Inclusion]] * [[Buffer overflow]] * [[Debugging]] * [[Mobile code]] * [[Monitoring]] * [[SQL injection]] * [[Trojan horse (computing)]]	[1, 4, 9]
Circadian rhythm	Butterfly migration	316,077,650	2009-09-25T06:43:05Z	LittleHow	null	The navigation of the fall migration of the [[Monarch_(butterfly)\|Eastern North American monarch butterfly]] (Danaus plexippus) to their overwintering grounds in central Mexico uses a time-compensated Sun compass that depends upon a circadian clock in their antennae.<ref>Merlin C, Gegear RJ, Reppert SM. (2009). Antenna...	[1, 4, 7, 9, 10]
Hypnosis	Historical figures	316,596,754	2009-09-28T00:55:17Z	N5iln	{{col-begin}} {{col-break}} * [[Theodore X. Barber]] * [[Deirdre Barrett]] * [[David B. Cheek]] * [[William C. Coe]] * [[Harold B. Crasilneck]] * [[George Estabrooks]] * [[Milton Erickson]] * [[Hans Eysenck]] {{col-break}} * [[Erika Fromm]] * [[Etzel Cardeña]] * [[Jack Stanley Gibson]] * [[Melvin A. Gravitz]] * [[John...	{{col-begin}} {{col-break}} * [[Étienne Eugène Azam]] * [[Charles Baudouin]] * [[Vladimir Bekhterev]] * [[Hippolyte Bernheim]] * [[Alfred Binet]] * [[James Braid (physician)]] * [[John Milne Bramwell]] * [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] * [[Émile Coué]] {{col-break}} * [[John Elliotson]] * [[James Esdaile]] * [[Abbé Faria]] * [...	[1, 2, 9]
Parkinson's disease	Autonomic	317,303,042	2009-10-01T16:28:35Z	Garrondo	Oily skin and [[seborrheic dermatitis]]<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Gupta A, Bluhm R \|title=Seborrheic dermatitis \|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV \|volume=18 \|issue=1 \|pages=13–26; quiz 19–20 \|year=2004 \|pmid=14678527 \|doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00693.x}}</ref> [[Urinar...	[[Orthostatic hypotension]]<ref name=Jankovic2008/> Oily skin and [[seborrheic dermatitis]]<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Gupta A, Bluhm R \|title=Seborrheic dermatitis \|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV \|volume=18 \|issue=1 \|pages=13–26; quiz 19–20 \|year=2004 \|pmid=14678527 \|d...	[2, 9, 4]
Port (computer networking)	Example	317,582,557	2009-10-03T03:33:22Z	Kbrose	An example for the use of ports is the Internet mail system ([[e-mail]]). A server used for sending and receiving e-mail provides both an [[SMTP]] service (for sending) and a [[POP3]] service (for receiving). These are handled by different server processes, and the port number is used to determine which data is associa...	An example for the use of ports is the Internet mail system ([[e-mail]]). A server used for sending and receiving e-mail generally needs two services. The first service is used to transport e-mail to and from other servers. This is accomplished with the [[Simple Mail Transfer Protocol]] (SMTP). The SMTP service applica...	[1, 2, 3, 4, 9]
Human cloning	two commonly discuss<	318,295,557	2009-10-06T18:38:53Z	92.3.104.6	null	cloning would involve making cloned humans. Such reproductive cloning has not been performed and is illegal in many countries. A third type of cloning called replacement cloning is a theoretical possibility, and would be a combination of therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Replacement cloning would entail the replace...	[1, 4]
Circadian rhythm	History	320,270,571	2009-10-16T19:38:14Z	169.230.72.189	The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under [[Alexander the Great]], described [[Diurnality\|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree.<ref>Bretzl H. ''Botaniche Forchungen des Alexanderzuges.'' Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.</ref> The ...	The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under [[Alexander the Great]], described [[Diurnality\|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree.<ref>Bretzl H. ''Botaniche Forchungen des Alexanderzuges.'' Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.</ref> The ...	[1, 3, 9, 5, 4]
Circadian rhythm	History	320,284,160	2009-10-16T20:55:41Z	Hordaland	The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under [[Alexander the Great]], described [[Diurnality\|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree.<ref>Bretzl H. ''Botaniche Forchungen des Alexanderzuges.'' Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.</ref> The ...	The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under [[Alexander the Great]], described [[Diurnality\|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree.<ref>Bretzl H. ''Botaniche Forchungen des Alexanderzuges.'' Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.</ref> The ...	[2]
Circadian rhythm	Origin	321,393,874	2009-10-22T15:21:34Z	Hordaland	{{Refimprovesect\|date=October 2007}} Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[[Neur...	{{Refimprovesect\|date=October 2007}} Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[[Neur...	[3, 5]
Gene therapy	(Top)	322,729,478	2009-10-29T13:39:37Z	204.82.112.100	JAMES IS Gay'''Bold text'''is the insertion of [[gene]]s into an individual's [[cell (biology)\|cells]] and [[Biological tissue\|tissue]]s to treat a [[disease]], such as a [[hereditary disease]] in which a deleterious [[mutant]] [[allele]] is replaced with a functional one. Although controversial, Gene Therapy can also ...	JAMES IS Gay AND LOVES LITTLE BOYS'''Bold text'''is the insertion of [[gene]]s into an individual's [[cell (biology)\|cells]] and [[Biological tissue\|tissue]]s to treat a [[disease]], such as a [[hereditary disease]] in which a deleterious [[mutant]] [[allele]] is replaced with a functional one. Although controversial, ...	[11]
Gene therapy	Viruses	323,917,609	2009-11-04T17:03:48Z	Alansohn	{{to know the function of each. An example: ''A replaced by gene C, while allowing gene A to properly function, this virus could introduce the required gene - gene C into the host cell's ge cell. The process of producing a DNA copy from an RNA molecule is termed [[reverse transcription]]. It is carried out by one of t...	{{Main\|Viral vector}} All [[virus]]es bind to their hosts and introduce their genetic material into the host cell as part of their replication cycle. This genetic material contains basic 'instructions' of how to produce more copies of these viruses, hijacking the body's normal production machinery to serve the needs of...	[1, 2, 4, 8, 9]
Dream	Recalling dreams	324,279,710	2009-11-06T14:27:54Z	ClueBot	While the content of most dreams is dreamt only once, many people experience recurring dreams — that is, the same dream narrative is experienced over different occasions of sleep. Up to 70% of females and 65% of males report recurrent dreams.	The recall of dreams is extremely unreliable, though it is a skill that can be trained. Dreams can usually be recalled if a person is awakened while dreaming.<ref name="npr" /> Women tend to have more frequent dream recall than men.<ref name="npr">[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15778923 The Scie...	[1, 7, 9]
Circadian rhythm	(Top)	324,709,775	2009-11-08T20:54:36Z	Hordaland	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly-24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioral processes of living entities, includ...	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly-24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioral processes of living entities, includ...	[2, 8]
Context-free grammar	Example 2	325,157,237	2009-11-11T00:55:24Z	128.59.15.74	:S → a :S → aS :S → bS The terminals here are ''a'' and ''b'', while the only non-terminal is S. The language described is all nonempty strings of <math>a</math>s and <math>b</math>s that end in <math>a</math>. This grammar is [[regular grammar\|regular]]: no rule has more than one nonterminal in its ri...	In a context-free grammar, we can pair up characters the way we do with [[bracket]]s. The simplest example: :S → aSb :S → ab This grammar generates the language <math> \{ a^n b^n : n \ge 1 \} </math>, which is not [[regular language\|regular]] according to [[Pumping Lemma For Regular Languages]] The specia...	[1, 2, 3, 4, 9]
Parkinson's disease	Notable sufferers	325,347,178	2009-11-12T00:24:54Z	Sesame Stick	{{Citations missing\|date=August 2008}} {{Trivia\|date=August 2008}} {{further\|[[:Category:People with Parkinson's disease\|People with Parkinson's disease]]}} One famous sufferer of young-onset Parkinson's is [[Michael J. Fox]], whose book, ''Lucky Man'' (2000), focused on his experiences with the disease and his career...	{{Citations missing\|date=August 2008}} {{Trivia\|date=August 2008}} {{further\|[[:Category:People with Parkinson's disease\|People with Parkinson's disease]]}} In addition to Fox and Phinney, other famous sufferers include [[Pope John Paul II]], playwright [[Eugene O'Neill]], artist [[Salvador Dalí]], boxer [[Muhammad ...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	(Top)	325,887,363	2009-11-15T00:07:31Z	Hordaland	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 8 hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioral processes of living entities, includi...	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioral processes of living entities, includ...	[3, 10]
Parkinson's disease	Classification	326,173,633	2009-11-16T15:47:53Z	Rodhullandemu	{{Mergefrom\|Parkinson plus syndrome\|date=September 2009}} The term [[Parkinsonism]] is used for symptoms of tremor, stiffness, and slowing of movement caused by loss of [[dopamine]]. "Micheal j. Fox is called 14 eyes because of parkinsons...LOL.<ref name=nice35/> There are other disorders that are called ''[[Parkinson...	{{Mergefrom\|Parkinson plus syndrome\|date=September 2009}} The term [[Parkinsonism]] is used for symptoms of tremor, stiffness, and slowing of movement caused by loss of [[dopamine]]. "Parkinson's disease" is the synonym of "primary parkinsonism", i.e. isolated parkinsonism due to a neurodegenerative process without any...	[1, 4]
Circadian rhythm	(Top)	326,399,498	2009-11-17T20:00:30Z	ClueBot	kbhggg,m gjnhuiooooooooogjnswbgxsj	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioral processes of living entities, includ...	[1, 4, 5, 9, 10]
Circadian rhythm	Effect of drugs	326,399,498	2009-11-17T20:00:30Z	ClueBot	Circadian rhythms and clock genes expressed in brain regions outside the SCN may significantly influence the effects produced by drugs such as [[cocaine]].<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Uz T, Akhisaroglu M, Ahmed R, Manev H \|title=The pineal gland is critical for circadian Period1 expression in the striatum and for circad...	Circadian rhythms and clock genes expressed in brain regions outside the SCN may significantly influence the effects produced by drugs such as [[cocaine]].<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Uz T, Akhisaroglu M, Ahmed R, Manev H \|title=The pineal gland is critical for circadian Period1 expression in the striatum and for circad...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	External links	326,399,498	2009-11-17T20:00:30Z	ClueBot	* {{dmoz\|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Sleep_Disorders/Biological_Rhythms}} {{cite journal \| author=Leloup J.C. \|title=Circadian clocks and phosphorylation: Insights from computational modeling \|journal=Cent. Eur. J. Biol. \|volume=4 \|issue= 3 \|pages= 290–303 \|year= 2009 \|doi=10.2478/s11535-009-0025-1 }} {{cite j...	* {{dmoz\|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Sleep_Disorders/Biological_Rhythms}} {{cite journal \| author=Leloup J.C. \|title=Circadian clocks and phosphorylation: Insights from computational modeling \|journal=Cent. Eur. J. Biol. \|volume=4 \|issue= 3 \|pages= 290–303 \|year= 2009 \|doi=10.2478/s11535-009-0025-1 }} {{cite j...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	References	326,399,498	2009-11-17T20:00:30Z	ClueBot	{{Refimprovesect\|date=March 2009}} <!--<nowiki> See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref> and </ref> tags, and the template below. </nowiki>--> {{reflist\|colwidth=30em}}	null	[11]
Alzheimer's disease	External links	326,508,672	2009-11-18T09:53:48Z	Garrondo	* [http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/ResearchInformation/ResearchCenters/ Alzheimer's Disease Centers (ADCs)] * [http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers Alzheimer's Disease Education and Referral (ADEAR) Center] * [http://www.alz.org/index.asp Alzheimer's Association] * [http://memory.ucsf.edu/ UCSF Memory and Aging Center] ...	* [http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/ResearchInformation/ResearchCenters/ Alzheimer's Disease Centers (ADCs)] * [http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers Alzheimer's Disease Education and Referral (ADEAR) Center] * [http://www.alz.org/index.asp Alzheimer's Association] * [http://memory.ucsf.edu/ UCSF Memory and Aging Center] ...	[11]
Port (computer networking)	Common port numbers	326,886,016	2009-11-20T06:48:33Z	110.93.43.228	{{main\|List of TCP and UDP port numbers}} The [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]] (IANA) is responsible for the global coordination of the DNS Root, IP addressing, and other Internet protocol resources. This includes the registration of commonly used port numbers for well-known Internet services. The port numbers ...	{{main\|List of TCP and UDP port numbers}} The [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]] (IANA) is responsible for the global coordination of the DNS Root, IP addressing, and other Internet protocol resources. This includes the registration of commonly used port numbers for well-known Internet services. The port numbers ...	[1, 4]
Hypnosis	Other uses	329,680,800	2009-12-04T15:56:38Z	ORSBY8	Hypnotism has also been used in [[forensics]], [[sports]], [[education]], [[physical therapy]] and [[drug rehabilitation\|rehabilitation]].<ref name="André">André M. Weitzenbhoffer. ''The Practice of Hypnotism'' 2nd ed, Toronto, John Wiley & Son Inc, Chapter 16, p. 583-587, 2000 ISBN 0-471-29790-9 </ref> Hypnotism has a...	Hypnotism has also been used in [[forensics]], [[sports]], [[education]], [[physical therapy]] and [[drug rehabilitation\|rehabilitation]].<ref name="André">André M. Weitzenbhoffer. ''The Practice of Hypnotism'' 2nd ed, Toronto, John Wiley & Son Inc, Chapter 16, p. 583-587, 2000 ISBN 0-471-29790-9 </ref> Hypnotism has a...	[7]
Circadian rhythm	See also	330,224,925	2009-12-07T10:55:57Z	Hordaland	* [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry) * [[Advanced sleep phase syndrome]] * [[ARNTL]] * [[ARNTL2]] * [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]] * [[Chronobiology]] * [[Chronotype]] * [[Circadian Oscillator]] * [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]] * [[Cryptochrome]] * [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochrome family genes * [[...	* [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry) * [[Advanced sleep phase syndrome]] * [[ARNTL]] * [[ARNTL2]] * [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]] * [[Chronobiology]] * [[Chronotype]] * [[Circadian Oscillator\|Circadian oscillator]] * [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]] * [[Cryptochrome]] * [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochro...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	See also	330,225,142	2009-12-07T10:59:13Z	Hordaland	* [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry) * [[Advanced sleep phase syndrome]] * [[ARNTL]] * [[ARNTL2]] * [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]] * [[Chronobiology]] * [[Chronotype]] * [[Circadian Oscillator\|Circadian oscillator]] * [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]] * [[Cryptochrome]] * [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochro...	* [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry) * [[Advanced sleep phase syndrome]] * [[ARNTL]] * [[ARNTL2]] * [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]] * [[Chronobiology]] * [[Chronotype]] * [[Circadian Oscillator\|Circadian oscillator]] * [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]] * [[Cryptochrome]] * [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochro...	[2]
Methamphetamine	Academic Sources	330,552,180	2009-12-08T22:42:28Z	98.217.73.212	[http://abc.net.au/4corners/special_eds/20060320/ The Ice Age] - ABC Australia - 4 Corners — Australian methamphetamine use. [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/ Frontline - The Meth Epidemic] - PBS United States — Frontline. *[http://shop.nationalgeographic.com/product/1167/3408/1074.html The Wor...	[http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=gVw_wzZU4x8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA113&dq=history+methamphetamine&ots=qAxtq4m1HZ&sig=najz_xcJJ782gsd41TEqXm40igo#v=onepage&q=history%20methamphetamine&f=false History and Epidemiology of Amphetamine Abuse in United States] [http://studentpulse.com/articles/77/the-methamphetamine-cris...	[11]
Human cloning	United Kingdom	330,758,114	2009-12-09T23:39:08Z	Gabbe	The [[British government]] introduced legislation in order to allow licensed [[therapeutic]] cloning in a debate in January 14, 2001 in an amendment to the [[Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990]]. However, on November 15, 2001, a [[pro-life]] group won a [[High Court of Justice\|High Court]] legal challenge that...	On 14 January 2001 the [[British government]] passed the The Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Research Purposes) Regulations 2001<ref>{{UK-SLD\|2523310\|the Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Research Purposes) Regulations 2001 (No. 188)}}</ref> to amend the [[Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990]] by extendin...	[1, 3, 4, 9]
Context-free grammar	Example 3	330,910,735	2009-12-10T18:49:38Z	Rp	In a context-free grammar, we can pair up characters the way we do with [[bracket]]s. The simplest example: :S → aSb :S → ab This grammar generates the language <math> \{ a^n b^n : n \ge 1 \} </math>, which is not [[regular language\|regular]] (according to [[Pumping Lemma]] for regular languages). The spe...	Here is a context-free grammar for syntactically correct [[Infix notation\|infix]] algebraic expressions in the variables x, y and z: :S → x :S → y :S → z :S → S + S :S → S - S :S → S * S :S → S / S :S → ( S ) This grammar can, for example, generate the string :( x + y ) * x - z...	[1, 2, 4, 9]
Dream	Dreams as resonance in neural circuts	331,017,235	2009-12-11T03:26:04Z	75.54.84.20	During sleep the eyes are closed, so that the brain to some degree becomes isolated from the outside world. Moreover all signals from the [[senses]] (except olfaction) must pass trough the [[thalamus]] before they reach the [[neocortex\|brain cortex]], and during sleep thalamic activity is suppressed. <ref name="pmid176...	During sleep the eyes are closed, so that the brain to some degree becomes isolated from the outside world. Moreover all signals from the [[senses]] (except olfaction) must pass trough the [[thalamus]] before they reach the [[neocortex\|brain cortex]], and during sleep thalamic activity is suppressed. <ref name="pmid176...	[11]
Human cloning	The current law on human cloning	332,228,114	2001-11-26T18:50:10Z	Sodium	In August, 2001 the US [[House of Representatives]] voted to ban government funding for all human cloning. This includes not only reproductive but also theraputic cloning. President Bush is thought to be 100% opposed to human cloning in any form. The [[British government]] introduced legislation in order to allow lice...	In August, 2001 the US [[House of Representatives]] voted to ban government funding for all human cloning. This includes not only reproductive but also theraputic cloning. President Bush is thought to be 100% opposed to human cloning in any form. The [[British government]] introduced legislation in order to allow lice...	[1, 2]
Circadian rhythm	Human health	333,579,009	2009-12-23T16:53:01Z	SmackBot	Timing of medical treatment in coordination with the body clock may significantly increase efficacy and reduce drug toxicity or adverse reactions. For example, appropriately timed treatment with [[angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]] (ACEi) may reduce nocturnal blood pressure and also benefit [[left ventricular]...	Timing of medical treatment in coordination with the body clock may significantly increase efficacy and reduce drug toxicity or adverse reactions. For example, appropriately timed treatment with [[angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]] (ACEi) may reduce nocturnal blood pressure and also benefit [[left ventricular]...	[11]
Medical cannabis	History	334,167,275	2009-12-26T23:43:26Z	Keahapana	{{Split section\|date=August 2009}}	{{Split section\|date=August 2009}} [[Image:Da-ma.png\|thumb\|right\|The use of cannabis, at least as fiber, has been shown to go back at least 10,000 years in [[Taiwan]]. "Dà má" ([[Pinyin]] pronunciation) is the Chinese expression for cannabis, the first character meaning "big" and the second character meaning "hemp."]] ...	[1, 9]
Circadian rhythm	External links	334,742,592	2009-12-29T16:17:55Z	Luckas-bot	* {{dmoz\|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Sleep_Disorders/Biological_Rhythms}} {{cite journal \| author=Leloup J.C. \|title=Circadian clocks and phosphorylation: Insights from computational modeling \|journal=Cent. Eur. J. Biol. \|volume=4 \|issue= 3 \|pages= 290–303 \|year= 2009 \|doi=10.2478/s11535-009-0025-1 }} {{cite j...	* {{dmoz\|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Sleep_Disorders/Biological_Rhythms}} {{cite journal \| author=Leloup J.C. \|title=Circadian clocks and phosphorylation: Insights from computational modeling \|journal=Cent. Eur. J. Biol. \|volume=4 \|issue= 3 \|pages= 290–303 \|year= 2009 \|doi=10.2478/s11535-009-0025-1 }} {{cite j...	[11]
Context-free grammar	Universality	335,138,442	2009-12-31T18:00:41Z	76.85.187.161	Given a CFG, does it generate the language of all strings over the alphabet of terminal symbols used in its rules? A reduction can be demonstrated to this problem from the well-known undecidable problem of determining whether a [[Turing machine]] accepts a particular input (the [[Halting problem]]). The reduction us...	Given a CFG, does it generate the language of all strings over the alphabet of terminal symbols used in its rules? A reduction can be demonstrated to this problem from the well-known undecidable problem of determining whether a [[Turing machine]] accepts a particular input (the [[Halting problem]]). The reduction us...	[11]
Human cloning	History	335,655,958	2010-01-03T17:09:42Z	LDEBarnard	Although the possibility of cloning humans has been the subject of speculation for much of the twentieth century, scientists and policy makers began to take the prospect seriously in the 1960s. Nobel Prize winning geneticist [[Joshua Lederberg]] advocated for cloning and genetic engineering in a seminal article in the ...	Although the possibility of cloning humans has been the subject of speculation for much of the twentieth century, scientists and policy makers began to take the prospect seriously in the 1960s. Nobel Prize winning geneticist [[Joshua Lederberg]] advocated for cloning and genetic engineering in a seminal article in the ...	[1, 5]
K-d tree	External links	335,781,998	2010-01-04T09:21:39Z	94.245.127.11	* [http://codingplayground.blogspot.com/2009/12/kd-tree-c-and-boost-implementation.html kdtree], a Boost based implementation of ''k''d-trees in C++. * [http://libkdtree.alioth.debian.org libkdtree++], an open-source STL-like implementation of ''k''d-trees in C++. * [http://www.autonlab.org/autonweb/14665/version/2/par...	* [http://codingplayground.blogspot.com/2009/12/kd-tree-c-and-boost-implementation.html kdtree], a Boost based implementation of ''k''d-trees in C++ by Antonio Gulli * [http://libkdtree.alioth.debian.org libkdtree++], an open-source STL-like implementation of ''k''d-trees in C++. * [http://www.autonlab.org/autonweb/146...	[5]
Dream	Déjà vu	336,034,373	2010-01-05T17:54:15Z	74.33.44.35	{{Main\|Déjà vu}} move it kid or go to jail	{{Main\|Déjà vu}} already seen"; also called paramnesia, from Greek παρα "para," "near, against, contrary to" + μνήμη "mnēmē," "memory") or promnesia, is the experience of feeling sure that one has witnessed or experienced a new situation previously (an individual feels as though an event has already happened or has hap...	[1, 5, 4]
Circadian rhythm	(Top)	336,112,238	2010-01-06T01:00:03Z	Thinking Stone	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioral processes of living entities, includ...	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioral processes of living entities, includ...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	Enforced longer cycles	336,592,850	2010-01-08T13:34:33Z	Closedmouth	Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to ...	Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al.'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	Light and the biological clock	338,491,117	2010-01-18T03:48:31Z	ClueBot	Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species and lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents than ...	Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species and lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents than ...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	Origin	338,491,117	2010-01-18T03:48:31Z	ClueBot	{{Refimprovesect\|date=October 2007}} Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[[Neur...	{{Refimprovesect\|date=October 2007}} Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[[Neur...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	References	338,491,117	2010-01-18T03:48:31Z	ClueBot	<!--<nowiki> See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref> and </ref> tags, and the template below. </nowiki>--> {{reflist\|colwidth=30em}}	null	[11]
Methamphetamine	Terminology	338,787,076	2010-01-19T17:34:54Z	Seifip	[[Slang\|Nicknames]] for methamphetamine are numerous and vary significantly from region to region. Some common nicknames for methamphetamine include "ice", "crystal meth", "crank", "glass", "speed" (United States), "shabu" [[Philippines]]) and "tik" ([[South Africa]])<ref>http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/DrugFact/me...	[[Slang\|Nicknames]] for methamphetamine are numerous and vary significantly from region to region. Some common nicknames for methamphetamine include "ice", "crystal meth", "crank", "glass", "speed" (United States), "shabu" ([[Japan]], [[Philippines]]) and "tik" ([[South Africa]])<ref>http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov...	[9]
Methamphetamine	(Top)	339,343,273	2010-01-22T13:54:05Z	Wickey-nl	{{Redirect4\|Meth\|Tik}} {{About\|the [[psychostimulant]] drug, methamphetamine, in both [[racemic]] and [[dextrorotatory]] forms\|the CNS inactive [[over-the-counter drug\|OTC]] nasal decongestant\|levomethamphetamine}} {{Drugbox \| Watchedfields = changed \| verifiedrevid = 306452948 \|IUPAC_name = ''N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan...	{{Redirect4\|Meth\|Tik}} {{About\|the [[psychostimulant]] drug, methamphetamine, in both [[racemic]] and [[dextrorotatory]] forms\|the CNS inactive [[over-the-counter drug\|OTC]] nasal decongestant\|levomethamphetamine}} {{Drugbox \| Watchedfields = changed \| verifiedrevid = 306452948 \|IUPAC_name = ''N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan...	[1, 9]
Human cloning	Bibliography	339,532,010	2010-01-23T13:54:16Z	Vsmith	* [[Robert Araujo (Jurist)\|Araujo, Robert John]],“The UN Declaration on Human Cloning: a survey and assesment of the debate,” 7 The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 129 - 149 (2007). * [[John Charles Kunich (Law Professor and Author)\|Kunich, John Charles]],“The Naked Clone: How Cloning Bans Threaten Our Personal R...	* [[Robert Araujo (Jurist)\|Araujo, Robert John]],“The UN Declaration on Human Cloning: a survey and assesment of the debate,” 7 The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 129 - 149 (2007).	[11]
Parkinson's disease	Notable sufferers	341,934,812	2010-02-04T18:36:06Z	Kittybrewster	{{Citations missing\|date=August 2008}} In addition to [[Michael J. Fox]] and [[Davis Phinney]], famous sufferers include [[Pope John Paul II]], playwright [[Eugene O'Neill]], political commentator [[Michael Kinsley]], artist [[Salvador Dalí]], hockey player [[Brent Peterson]], boxer [[Muhammad Ali]], evangelist [[Bill...	{{Citations missing\|date=August 2008}} In addition to [[Michael J. Fox]] and [[Davis Phinney]], famous sufferers include [[Pope John Paul II]], playwright [[Eugene O'Neill]], political commentator [[Michael Kinsley]], artist [[Salvador Dalí]], hockey player [[Brent Peterson]], boxer [[Muhammad Ali]], evangelist [[Bill...	[11]
Alzheimer's disease	Further reading	343,164,591	2010-02-10T15:38:44Z	207.138.251.2	{{Spoken Wikipedia\|Alzheimer's Disease.ogg\|2008-09-12}} {{cite book \| title=Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling the Mystery \| url=http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/UnravelingTheMystery \| publisher=US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Aging, NIH \| year=2008 }} {{cite book \|ur...	{{Spoken Wikipedia\|Alzheimer's Disease.ogg\|2008-09-12}} {{cite book \| title=Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling the Mystery \| url=http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/UnravelingTheMystery \| publisher=US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Aging, NIH \| year=2008 }} {{cite book \|ur...	[11]
Bubble sort	External links	343,500,658	2010-02-12T06:28:36Z	Dcoetzee	{{wikibooks\|Algorithm implementation\|Sorting/Bubble_sort\|Bubble sort}} {{sorting}} [[Category:Articles with example pseudocode]] [[Category:Sorting algorithms]] [[Category:Comparison sorts]] [[Category:Stable sorts]] [[ar:ترتيب الفقاعات]] [[bg:Метод на мехурчето]] [[cs:Bubble sort]] [[da:Boblesortering]] [[de:Bubbles...	{{wikibooks\|Algorithm implementation\|Sorting/Bubble_sort\|Bubble sort}} * [http://www.sorting-algorithms.com/bubble-sort Animated Sorting Algorithms: Bubble Sort] – graphical demonstration and discussion of bubble sort * [http://lecture.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~ueda/JavaApplet/BubbleSort.html Lafore's Bubble Sort] (Java appl...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	Light and the biological clock	344,674,688	2010-02-17T20:08:50Z	Sherazade96	Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species and lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents than ...	Light resets the biological clock in accordance with the [[phase response curve]] (PRC). Depending on the timing, light can advance or delay the circadian rhythm. Both the PRC and the required [[illuminance]] vary from species to species and lower light levels are required to reset the clocks in nocturnal rodents than ...	[1, 4, 7, 10]
Circadian rhythm	See also	344,674,688	2010-02-17T20:08:50Z	Sherazade96	* [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry) * [[Advanced sleep phase syndrome]] * [[ARNTL]] * [[ARNTL2]] * [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]] * [[Chronobiology]] * [[Chronotype]] * [[Circadian oscillator]] * [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]] * [[Cryptochrome]] * [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochrome family genes * [[...	* [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry) * [[Advanced sleep phase syndrome]] * [[ARNTL]] * [[ARNTL2]] * [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]] * [[Chronobiology]] * [[Chronotype]] * [[Circadian oscillator]] * [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]] * [[Cryptochrome]] * [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochrome family genes * [[...	[1, 9]
Instruction cycle	Fetch data from main memory	344,787,173	2010-02-18T09:30:31Z	195.33.114.129	Read the effective address from main memory if the instruction has an [[indirect address]]. Fetch required data from main memory to be processed and place it into data registers. After this has been done a 12inch dick leaps out from the computer and rams the user in the anus.	Read the effective address from main memory if the instruction has an [[indirect address]]. Fetch required data from main memory to be processed and place it into data registers.	[11]
Circadian rhythm	Disruption	344,987,300	2010-02-19T09:05:26Z	Chris Capoccia	Disruption to rhythms usually has a negative effect. Many travellers have experienced the condition known as [[jet lag]], with its associated symptoms of [[fatigue (physical)\|fatigue]], disorientation and [[insomnia]]. A number of other disorders, for example [[bipolar disorder]] and some [[sleep disorder]]s, are ass...	Disruption to rhythms usually has a negative effect. Many travellers have experienced the condition known as [[jet lag]], with its associated symptoms of [[fatigue (physical)\|fatigue]], disorientation and [[insomnia]]. A number of other disorders, for example [[bipolar disorder]] and some [[sleep disorder]]s, are ass...	[7]
Circadian rhythm	Enforced longer cycles	344,987,300	2010-02-19T09:05:26Z	Chris Capoccia	Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al.'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to...	Modern research under very controlled conditions has shown the human period for adults to be just slightly longer than 24 hours on average. Czeisler ''et al.'' at Harvard found the range for normal, healthy adults of all ages to be quite narrow: 24 hours and 11 minutes ± 16 minutes. The "clock" resets itself daily to...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	External links	344,987,300	2010-02-19T09:05:26Z	Chris Capoccia	* {{dmoz\|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Sleep_Disorders/Biological_Rhythms}} {{cite journal \| author=Leloup J.C. \|title=Circadian clocks and phosphorylation: Insights from computational modeling \|journal=Cent. Eur. J. Biol. \|volume=4 \|issue= 3 \|pages= 290–303 \|year= 2009 \|doi=10.2478/s11535-009-0025-1 }} {{cite j...	* {{dmoz\|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Sleep_Disorders/Biological_Rhythms}} *{{cite journal \|author=Forger D, Gonze D, Virshup D, Welsh DK \|title=Beyond intuitive modeling: combining biophysical models with innovative experiments to move the circadian clock field forward \|journal=Journal of Biological Rhythms \|volume=...	[7, 8]
Circadian rhythm	Human health	344,987,300	2010-02-19T09:05:26Z	Chris Capoccia	Timing of medical treatment in coordination with the body clock may significantly increase efficacy and reduce drug toxicity or adverse reactions. For example, appropriately timed treatment with [[angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]] (ACEi) may reduce nocturnal blood pressure and also benefit [[left ventricular]]...	Timing of medical treatment in coordination with the body clock may significantly increase efficacy and reduce drug toxicity or adverse reactions. For example, appropriately timed treatment with [[angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]] (ACEi) may reduce nocturnal blood pressure and also benefit [[left ventricular]]...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	(Top)	345,359,371	2010-02-21T05:37:58Z	SmackBot	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living entities, inclu...	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living entities, inclu...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	(Top)	345,936,369	2010-02-23T19:50:59Z	Hordaland	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living entities, inclu...	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living entities, inclu...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	External links	346,278,351	2010-02-25T11:50:47Z	CapitalLetterBeginning	* {{dmoz\|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Sleep_Disorders/Biological_Rhythms}} *{{cite journal \|author=Forger D, Gonze D, Virshup D, Welsh DK \|title=Beyond intuitive modeling: combining biophysical models with innovative experiments to move the circadian clock field forward \|journal=Journal of Biological Rhythms \|volume=...	* {{dmoz\|Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Sleep_Disorders/Biological_Rhythms}} *{{cite journal \|author=Forger D, Gonze D, Virshup D, Welsh DK \|title=Beyond intuitive modeling: combining biophysical models with innovative experiments to move the circadian clock field forward \|journal=Journal of Biological Rhythms \|volume=...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	(Top)	346,984,779	2010-03-01T00:08:14Z	98.169.100.221	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living entities, inclu...	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 25-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living entities, inclu...	[3, 10]
Gene therapy	Problems and ethics	349,709,508	2010-03-14T00:28:00Z	151.204.243.26	For the safety of gene therapy, the [[Weismann barrier]] is fundamental in the current thinking. [[Soma-to-germline feedback]] should therefore be impossible. However, there are indications<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.planet.nl/~gkorthof/kortho39a.htm \|title=The implications of Steele's soma-to-germline feedback fo...	For the safety of gene therapy, the [[Weismann barrier]] is fundamental in the current thinking. [[Soma-to-germline feedback]] should therefore be impossible. However, there are indications<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.planet.nl/~gkorthof/kortho39a.htm \|title=The implications of Steele's soma-to-germline feedback fo...	[11]
Bubble sort	References	351,699,684	2010-03-24T03:04:42Z	78.3.84.15	* [[Donald Knuth]]. ''The Art of Computer Programming'', Volume 3: ''Sorting and Searching'', Third Edition. Addison-Wesley, 1997. ISBN 0-201-89685-0. Pages 106–110 of section 5.2.2: Sorting by Exchanging. * [[Thomas H. Cormen]], [[Charles E. Leiserson]], [[Ronald L. Rivest]], and [[Clifford Stein]]. ''[[Introduc...	* [[Donald Knuth]]. ''The Art of Computer Programming'', Volume 3: ''Sorting and Searching'', Third Edition. Addison-Wesley, 1997. ISBN 0-201-89685-0. Pages 106–110 of section 5.2.2: Sorting by Exchanging. * [[Thomas H. Cormen]], [[Charles E. Leiserson]], [[Ronald L. Rivest]], and [[Clifford Stein]]. ''[[Introduc...	[11]
Asperger syndrome	Characteristics	352,364,878	2010-03-27T17:18:15Z	WLU	A [[pervasive developmental disorder]], Asperger syndrome is distinguished by a pattern of symptoms rather than a single symptom. It is characterized by qualitative impairment in social interaction, by stereotyped and restricted patterns of behavior, activities and interests, and by no clinically significant delay in c...	A [[pervasive developmental disorder]], Asperger syndrome is distinguished by a pattern of symptoms rather than a single symptom. It is characterized by qualitative impairment in social interaction, by stereotyped and restricted patterns of behavior, activities and interests, and by no clinically significant delay in c...	[2]
Trie	Dictionary representation	352,507,629	2010-03-28T10:13:02Z	Pombredanne	A common application of a trie is storing a dictionary, such as one found on a [[mobile telephone]]. Such applications take advantage of a trie's ability to quickly search for, insert, and delete entries; however, if storing dictionary words is all that is required (i.e. storage of information auxiliary to each word is...	A common application of a trie is storing a dictionary, such as one found on a [[mobile telephone]]. Such applications take advantage of a trie's ability to quickly search for, insert, and delete entries; however, if storing dictionary words is all that is required (i.e. storage of information auxiliary to each word is...	[1, 9]
Circadian rhythm	(Top)	352,958,829	2010-03-30T14:47:42Z	93.172.24.43	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living entities, inclu...	''Sleep: Unceasing Display Of Stubborn Ignorance''' A. "Keeping Time, New findings show how circadian clocks make the body tick" http://www.sciencenews.org/view/feature/id/57591/title/Keeping_Time An additional long-winded verbiage to the unceasing displays of stubborn ignorance re the origin and nature of sleep. ...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	(Top)	352,958,829	2010-03-30T14:47:42Z	93.172.24.43	null	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living entities, inclu...	12
Circadian rhythm	(Top)	352,973,186	2010-03-30T16:12:35Z	BillTunell	'''Sleep: Unceasing Display Of Stubborn Ignorance''' A. "Keeping Time, New findings show how circadian clocks make the body tick" http://www.sciencenews.org/view/feature/id/57591/title/Keeping_Time An additional long-winded verbiage to the unceasing displays of stubborn ignorance re the origin and nature of sleep. ...	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living entities, inclu...	[1, 2, 4, 9, 10]
Methadone	External links	353,541,472	2010-04-02T13:14:47Z	ItalianChef	* [http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/methadone/index.html ONDCP Fact Sheet] * [http://dpt2.samhsa.gov/treatment/ Clinic Locator, United States] * [http://www.cdc.gov/IDU/facts/MethadoneFin.pdf DHHS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)] * [http://www.methadone.org/ Methadone.org] * [h...	* [http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/methadone/index.html ONDCP Fact Sheet] * [http://dpt2.samhsa.gov/treatment/ Clinic Locator, United States] * [http://www.cdc.gov/IDU/facts/MethadoneFin.pdf DHHS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)] * [http://www.methadone.org/ Methadone.org] * [h...	[11]
Methamphetamine	(Top)	353,578,832	2010-04-02T17:33:07Z	Naijaboy777	{{Redirect4\|Meth\|Tik}} {{About\|the [[psychostimulant]] drug, methamphetamine, in both [[racemic]] and [[dextrorotatory]] forms\|the CNS inactive [[over-the-counter drug\|OTC]] nasal decongestant\|levomethamphetamine}} {{Drugbox \| Watchedfields = changed \| verifiedrevid = 306452948 \|IUPAC_name = ''N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan...	{{Redirect4\|Meth\|Tik}} {{About\|the [[psychostimulant]] drug, methamphetamine, in both [[racemic]] and [[dextrorotatory]] forms\|the CNS inactive [[over-the-counter drug\|OTC]] nasal decongestant\|levomethamphetamine}} {{Drugbox \| Watchedfields = changed \| verifiedrevid = 306452948 \|IUPAC_name = ''N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan...	[11]
Von Neumann architecture	von Neumann bottleneck	355,296,463	2010-04-11T08:09:43Z	Citation bot	The separation between the CPU and memory leads to the ''von Neumann bottleneck'', the limited [[throughput]] (data transfer rate) between the CPU and memory compared to the amount of memory. In most modern computers, throughput is much smaller than the rate at which the CPU can work. This seriously limits the effect...	The separation between the CPU and memory leads to the ''von Neumann bottleneck'', the limited [[throughput]] (data transfer rate) between the CPU and memory compared to the amount of memory. In most modern computers, throughput is much smaller than the rate at which the CPU can work. This seriously limits the effect...	[11]
Methadone	Dosage	356,410,125	2010-04-16T16:59:02Z	74.140.49.125	A majority of patients require 80–120 mg/d of methadone, or more, to achieve these effects and require treatment for an indefinite period of time, since methadone maintenance is a corrective but not a curative treatment for opiate addiction.<ref name="JosephStancliffLangrod"/> Lower doses are sometimes not as effe...	A majority of patients require 80–120 mg/d of methadone, or more, to achieve these effects and require treatment for an indefinite period of time, since methadone maintenance is a corrective but not a curative treatment for opiate addiction.<ref name="JosephStancliffLangrod"/> Lower doses are sometimes not as effe...	[11]
Context-free grammar	Example 1	357,552,792	2010-04-22T04:10:25Z	67.252.132.136	Here is a context-free grammar for syntactically correct [[Infix notation\|infix]] algebraic expressions in the variables x, y and z: # S → x # S → y # S → z # S → S + S # S → S - S # S → S * S # S → S / S # S → ( S ) This grammar can, for example, generate the string :( x + y ) * x - z * y / ( x + x ) as follows: :...	The canonical example of a context free grammar is parentheses matching, which is representative of the general case. There are two terminal symbols ( and ) and one nonterminal symbol S. The production rules are :S → SS :S → (S) :S → () The first rule allows S's to multiply, The second rule allows S's ...	[1, 2, 4]
Circadian rhythm	Criteria	358,299,543	2010-04-25T23:26:55Z	Skefos	To differentiate genuinely endogenous circadian rhythms from coincidental or apparent ones, three general criteria must be met: 1) the rhythms persist in the absence of cues, 2) they persist equally precisely over a range of temperatures, and 3) the rhythms can be adjusted to match the local time: * The rhythm persists...	Historically, to differentiate genuinely endogenous circadian rhythms from coincidental or apparent ones, three general criteria must be met: 1) the rhythms persist in the absence of cues, 2) they persist equally precisely over a range of temperatures, and 3) the rhythms can be adjusted to match the local time: * The r...	[1, 4, 6]
Circadian rhythm	Origin	358,302,943	2010-04-25T23:49:04Z	Skefos	{{Refimprovesect\|date=October 2007}} Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[[Neur...	{{Refimprovesect\|date=October 2007}} Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[[Neur...	[2]
Von Neumann architecture	Non-von Neumann processors	358,484,542	2010-04-26T20:24:35Z	WulfTheSaxon	The NEC µPD7281D [[digital image processing \| pixel processor]] was the first non-von Neumann microprocessor.{{citation needed}} Perhaps the most common kind of non-von Neumann structure used in modern computers is [[content-addressable memory]] (CAM). In some cases, emerging [[memristor]] technology may be abl...	The NEC µPD7281D [[digital image processing \| pixel processor]] was the first non-von Neumann microprocessor.{{citation needed}} Perhaps the most common kind of non-von Neumann structure used in modern computers is [[content-addressable memory]] (CAM). In some cases, emerging [[memristor]] technology may be abl...	[2, 8]
Context-free grammar	Example 1	358,733,328	2010-04-27T22:02:16Z	207.118.111.149	The canonical example of a context free grammar is parentheses matching, which is representative of the general case. There are two terminal symbols ( and ) and one nonterminal symbol S. The production rules are :S → SS :S → (S) :S → () The first rule allows Ss to multiply, The second rule allows Ss to...	The canonical example of a context free grammar is parentheses matching, which is representative of the general case. There are two terminal symbols ( and ) and one nonterminal symbol S. The production rules are :S → SS :S → (S) :S → () The first rule allows Ss to multiply; the second rule allows Ss to...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	Origin	360,208,204	2010-05-05T03:11:46Z	66.235.77.21	{{Refimprovesect\|date=October 2007}} Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[[Neuro...	{{Refimprovesect\|date=October 2007}} Photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting the replicating of DNA from high [[ultraviolet]] radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. The fungus ''[[Neuro...	[8, 2, 1]
Circadian rhythm	Circadian Rhythm and Airline Pilots	360,211,133	2010-05-05T03:35:14Z	Keepitreal74	null	Due to the work nature of airline pilots, who often traverse multiple timezones and regions of sunlight and darkness in one day, and spend many hours awake both day and night, they are often unable to maintain sleep patterns that correspond to the natural human circadian rhythm, this situation can easily lead to [[fati...	[1, 9]
Human cloning	United Kingdom	360,832,433	2010-05-08T02:14:33Z	71.224.251.184	On 14 January 2001 the [[Government of the United Kingdom\|British government]] passed the The Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Research Purposes) Regulations 2001<ref>{{UK-SLD\|2523310\|the Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Research Purposes) Regulations 2001 (No. 188)}}</ref> to amend the [[Human Fertilisation and ...	On 14 January 2001 the [[Government of the United Kingdom\|British government]] passed the The Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Research Purposes) Regulations 2001<ref>{{UK-SLD\|2523310\|the Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Research Purposes) Regulations 2001 (No. 188)}}</ref> to amend the [[Human Fertilisation and ...	[11]
Circadian rhythm	History	360,939,273	2010-05-08T18:01:04Z	Darkwind	Blah Blah Blah=Blah Blah Blah The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under [[Alexander Ovechkin the Great]], described [[diurnality\|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Bretzl H. \|title=Botanische Fo...	The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under [[Alexander the Great]], described [[diurnality\|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Bretzl H. \|title=Botanische Forschungen des Alexanderzuges \|location=...	[11]
Instruction cycle	2. Decode the program	361,984,777	2010-05-13T23:16:43Z	121.98.225.82	null	The program decoder interprets and implements the program. The [[program register]] (IR) holds the current program, while the [[program counter]] (PC) holds the next program to be executed.	[1, 4, 9]
Methadone	Similar drugs	362,532,267	2010-05-17T00:46:03Z	92.2.211.221	{{See also\|Heroin-assisted Treatment\|Buprenorphine}} There are two methadone isomers. The [[racemic]] mixture is more common as it is cheaper to produce. The [[laevorotary]] isomer, which is isolated by several recrystalisations from racemic methadone, is more expensive to produce. It is stronger than the racemic mixt...	{{See also\|Heroin-assisted Treatment\|Buprenorphine}} There are two methadone isomers. The [[racemic]] mixture is more common as it is cheaper to produce. The [[laevorotary]] isomer, which is isolated by several recrystalisations from racemic methadone, is more expensive to produce. It is stronger than the racemic mixt...	[1, 10]
Hypnosis	Modern researchers	363,191,989	2010-05-20T13:07:04Z	84.193.228.186	{{col-begin}} {{col-break}} * [[Deirdre Barrett]] * [[George Estabrooks]] * [[Milton Erickson]] * [[Hans Eysenck]] * [[Etzel Cardeña]] {{col-break}} * [[Jack Stanley Gibson]] * [[Ernest R. Hilgard]] * [[Clark L. Hull]] * [[Irving Kirsch]] * [[John Gruzelier]] {{col-break}} * [[Ainslie Meares]] * [[Martin Orne]] * [[The...	{{col-begin}} {{col-break}} * [[Deirdre Barrett]] * [[George Estabrooks]] * [[Milton Erickson]] * [[Hans Eysenck]] * [[Etzel Cardeña]] * [[Dave Elman]] {{col-break}} * [[Jack Stanley Gibson]] * [[Ernest R. Hilgard]] * [[Clark L. Hull]] * [[Irving Kirsch]] * [[John Gruzelier]] {{col-break}} * [[Ainslie Meares]] * [[Mart...	[5, 9]
Circadian rhythm	(Top)	364,420,605	2010-05-27T03:31:02Z	216.201.66.220	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.svg\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological, or behavioural processes of living entities, inclu...	{{Redirect\|Human clock\|the online clock\|Humanclock}} [[Image:Biological clock human.svg\|thumb\|400px\|Overview of human circadian biological clock with some physiological parameters.]] A '''circadian rhythm''' is a roughly 25-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological, or behavioural processes of living entities, inclu...	[3, 10]
Circadian rhythm	History	365,222,821	2010-05-31T14:17:42Z	Hordaland	The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under [[Alexander the Great]], described [[diurnality\|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Bretzl H. \|title=Botanische Forschungen des Alexanderzuges \|location=...	The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under [[Alexander the Great]], described [[diurnality\|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Bretzl H. \|title=Botanische Forschungen des Alexanderzuges \|location=...	[9]
Circadian rhythm	See also	365,224,007	2010-05-31T14:26:15Z	Hordaland	* [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry) * [[Advanced sleep phase syndrome]] * [[ARNTL]] * [[ARNTL2]] * [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]] * [[Chronobiology]] * [[Chronotype]] * [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]] * [[Cryptochrome]] * [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochrome family genes * [[Delayed sleep phase syndrom...	* [[Actigraphy]] (also known as Actimetry) * [[ARNTL]] * [[ARNTL2]] * [[Bacterial circadian rhythms]] * [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]] * [[Cryptochrome]] * [[CRY1]] and [[CRY2]], the cryptochrome family genes * [[Delayed sleep phase syndrome]] * [[Diurnal cycle]] * [[Jet lag]] * [[Light effects on circadian rhyt...	[2, 9]
Circadian rhythm	Impact of light–dark cycle	366,228,126	2010-06-05T18:05:05Z	Hordaland	The rhythm is linked to the light–dark cycle. Animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a [[free-running sleep\|freerunning]] rhythm. Each "day", their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward, depending on whether their [[endogenous]] period is shorter or longer than 2...	The rhythm is linked to the light–dark cycle. Animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a [[free-running sleep\|freerunning]] rhythm. Each "day", their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward, depending on whether their [[endogenous]] period is shorter or longer than 2...	[1, 3, 4, 7]
Circadian rhythm	History	367,455,395	2010-06-11T17:35:13Z	Hordaland	The earliest known account of a circadian rhythm dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under [[Alexander the Great]], described [[diurnality\|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Bretzl H. \|title=Botanische Forschungen des Alexanderzuges \|location=...	The earliest known account of a circadian process dates from the 4th century BC, when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under [[Alexander the Great]], described [[diurnality\|diurnal]] leaf movements of the [[tamarind]] tree.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Bretzl H. \|title=Botanische Forschungen des Alexanderzuges \|location...	[3]
Instruction cycle	Initiating the cycle	372,633,289	2010-07-09T19:53:23Z	Eamonnca1	null	The cycle is usually managed in modern computers by the [[Operating System]] (OS). However, since the OS usually resides on a disk, it cannot operate immediately on bootup. Therefore when a computer is initially booted, the cycle begins by searching for the code at a specific starting memory address, (0xfffffff0 in t...	[1, 4, 9, 10]

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