id stringlengths 36 36 | embedding list | document stringlengths 10 999 | metadata stringlengths 642 703 |
|---|---|---|---|
26db351a-ceb4-47f7-856e-094f4e718f21 | [
0.03516232222318649,
0.006944931112229824,
-0.02201997861266136,
-0.03321220353245735,
-0.06322970241308212,
0.082735076546669,
-0.007399091497063637,
-0.010616485960781574,
0.0029614376835525036,
0.0733649805188179,
0.011771422810852528,
0.16100896894931793,
0.06676409393548965,
-0.011231... | Over the next decade, half of all copyrights went to proprietors, proving yet again that the law’s concern was
not chiefly with the rights of authors. Most of these were for practical books such as atlases, dictionaries, and
textbooks, as one would expect in a society hungering for practical knowledge and lacking in ... | {"creator": "PDFMiner", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "batch_upload": true, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T1... |
0e9b5a27-fd68-490d-980b-a5739d918785 | [
-0.04741914942860603,
-0.010659697465598583,
-0.0067654564045369625,
-0.01024558674544096,
-0.042083095759153366,
0.023707469925284386,
0.09433650970458984,
0.027649227529764175,
0.0011003779945895076,
-0.012081414461135864,
0.0021048698108643293,
0.11595631390810013,
0.1353059858083725,
-... | their global competitiveness in technology, and took an active role in international patent conventions,”
explains Khan. “Although they excelled at pragmatic contrivances, Americans were advisedly less sanguine
about their efforts in the realm of music, art, literature and drama.”
According to Ainsworth Spofford, th... | {"file_size_mb": 21.73, "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "file_type": ".pdf", "total_pages": 209, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.4257... |
6f55e99b-586f-44c7-ba79-a7f33057a015 | [
-0.06605961173772812,
0.008770063519477844,
-0.006972132716327906,
-0.06587865948677063,
0.014255909249186516,
0.064740389585495,
0.009218461811542511,
-0.004497524816542864,
-0.008732455782592297,
0.023939691483974457,
-0.025265447795391083,
0.15043163299560547,
0.07973972707986832,
-0.02... | European literary classics—a practice greatly encouraged by the protectionist levying of tariffs as high as 25
percent on imported books.
viii Op. cit., Khan.
ix
“The Question of Copyright,” compiled by George Haven Putnam, G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1896, courtesy of Zorina Khan.
106
3 • Copyright Basics
Fig... | {"file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "total_pages": 209, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "batch_upload": true, "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "fil... |
c3f1f0c8-eab0-48bd-9c1f-ec51a86295db | [
-0.04881058633327484,
-0.056743036955595016,
-0.015013592317700386,
0.006161827128380537,
0.02341826632618904,
0.07812468707561493,
-0.01052554976195097,
-0.0008717408636584878,
-0.03005949780344963,
0.04605754464864731,
-0.0114143006503582,
0.15992820262908936,
0.09106644243001938,
-0.062... | 1891 that the Chace Act granted copyright protection to select foreign authors—but only if their work was
published in the United States on or before the publication date in their own countries, and only if the actual
printing was done here. The United States failed to qualify for admission to the Berne Convention on... | {"file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "total_pages": 209, "batch_upload": true, "file_type": ".pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "creator": "PDFMiner", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00... |
cbf366c8-4a62-45ea-8d2e-5dbcf1687668 | [
-0.044397830963134766,
-0.025835029780864716,
-0.04564680904150009,
-0.022060411050915718,
-0.0032447190023958683,
0.06816290318965912,
-0.012610533274710178,
-0.022094890475273132,
-0.009166503325104713,
0.01876429282128811,
0.03824504092335701,
0.1615915298461914,
0.07970673590898514,
0.... | Only in the mid-1800s, with the emergence of novelists like James Fenimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow did a change in the relative balance of authorship between Americans and
foreigners begin to take place. More and more authors took up the pen and influenced American culture,
includ... | {"file_size_mb": 21.73, "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Pro... |
62ad6641-ec2f-4add-a0fa-408c50451dc7 | [
-0.03363844007253647,
0.03295991197228432,
0.030776068568229675,
-0.059056371450424194,
0.05532298609614372,
0.0418233685195446,
-0.042257774621248245,
-0.05304468050599098,
0.014579924754798412,
0.06722968071699142,
0.012101941742002964,
0.07065882533788681,
0.046621713787317276,
-0.00334... | Access for free at openstax.org.
3.3 • Copyright in America
107
Figure 3.10 An engraving of Nathaniel Hawthorne made by H. W. Smith circa 1880. (credit: Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain)
It would be far too simplistic, of course, to ascribe the late- blooming of American literature simply to weak
copyright laws a... | {"title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "ba... |
0012bf63-5366-4aaa-bb28-75a508a5b915 | [
-0.05184600129723549,
-0.0032159846741706133,
0.04910222813487053,
-0.07048720866441727,
-0.000011945171536353882,
0.03657662495970726,
-0.030209112912416458,
-0.05184484273195267,
-0.019121352583169937,
-0.006815721280872822,
-0.046912968158721924,
0.04650607332587242,
-0.008083201013505459... | 3 • Copyright Basics
3.4 Eligible Works
Figure 3.11 Parthenon Marbles, East Pediment. Photograph taken at the British Museum by Justin Norris via flikr / CC BY 2.0
Learning Objectives
After completing this section, you will be able to
• Know what kinds of creative work are eligible for
• Grasp the broad definition... | {"total_pages": 209, "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_type": ".pdf", "fi... |
222b7a1d-0468-4556-a066-c6ca7ffae2ca | [
-0.05118425190448761,
-0.017905469983816147,
0.026844751089811325,
-0.1475556492805481,
0.022826965898275375,
0.021889578551054,
-0.017460037022829056,
0.053797051310539246,
0.09398496150970459,
0.05047306790947914,
-0.06632021814584732,
0.10198859125375748,
0.04901591315865517,
-0.0246116... | eligible for copyright.
This list, while broad, actually includes a far more extensive range of work than the average citizen might
imagine. For example, copyrightable works also include software.
Copyrighting Software
Why is software copyrightable? It’s because an appellate ruling in the 1983 case of Apple v. Fran... | {"file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "total_pages": 209, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "p... |
a091e4a2-9d2f-4a31-b7c4-abb08826c9a6 | [
-0.09370024502277374,
0.012735302560031414,
0.006545018404722214,
-0.1253604292869568,
0.02517000213265419,
0.03694638982415199,
-0.026131294667720795,
0.06962718814611435,
0.05767263472080231,
0.04386293143033981,
-0.08850979804992676,
0.10067242383956909,
0.025822995230555534,
-0.0296238... | Based on this definition, the court determined that a computer software program “is an appropriate subject of
copyright.”
Note, however, that copyright does not extend to the elements of works of authorship that are potentially
xii Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp., 714 F.2d 1240 (3d Cir. 1983) Retriev... | {"file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "upload_timestamp": "20... |
564918e3-93d9-4604-9ead-123ccf447d50 | [
-0.059584539383649826,
-0.06188233569264412,
0.03026038035750389,
-0.12496044486761093,
0.04580538719892502,
0.01760050281882286,
-0.02853206731379032,
0.02569856122136116,
0.046259623020887375,
0.08492745459079742,
-0.08268924057483673,
0.10302089899778366,
-0.07663608342409134,
0.0577300... | categories of eligible subject matter. Just as technology drove the expansion of eligible subject matter into
ever new realms—e.g., first photographs and then motion pictures—the courts have also expanded the
definitions of all eight categories of eligible subject matter to include maps, games, puzzles, toys, fabric ... | {"moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "creator": "PDFMiner", "file_name... |
eaa7fda2-3ba5-4c70-bad4-55df60ef3ead | [
-0.12014441937208176,
-0.0011876245262101293,
-0.01863407902419567,
0.04708709940314293,
-0.01469951681792736,
0.015528892166912556,
-0.05284898728132248,
0.001472818199545145,
0.10455377399921417,
0.03063998557627201,
0.028316859155893326,
0.07491565495729446,
0.010132014751434326,
0.0179... | which a mystical cadre of Jedi knights wielding laser swords battle galactic evil, but you can copyright the
particular expression of that idea in the screenplay and motion picture Star Wars.
Because it is an abstract concept or idea, Einstein’s formula E = MC2 is also not copyrightable. It is true that
Einstein was ... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "creationdate": "2021-05-... |
77e732fd-6efe-4b34-933c-f33e85de3e34 | [
-0.14114868640899658,
0.00278741423971951,
0.030313383787870407,
-0.07844246923923492,
-0.026243440806865692,
0.015391280874609947,
-0.03120369464159012,
0.02130625769495964,
0.10699375718832016,
0.0148268798366189,
0.05256160721182823,
0.15397793054580688,
0.06414225697517395,
-0.07877808... | why a phone book cannot be copyrighted, whereas the creative compilation of facts in a Chinese-American
phone directory listing “Bean Curd & Bean Sprout Shops” may be under certain conditions, as a judge ruled in
the 1991 case Key v. Chinatown (https://www.openstax.org/l/KeyVChinatown) .
To be copyrightable, a creat... | {"file_size_mb": 21.73, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creator": "PDFMiner", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "batch_upload": true, "upload_timestamp": "2026... |
6de49ce0-3962-429c-b6f6-5b072f07ecd7 | [
-0.0888146311044693,
0.003192510223016143,
-0.053398437798023224,
-0.06412375718355179,
0.023258943110704422,
0.021001040935516357,
0.04109933599829674,
0.017842259258031845,
0.037088871002197266,
0.02351515181362629,
-0.031954556703567505,
0.13198602199554443,
0.019354451447725296,
-0.038... | “The author’s ideas and themes may have appeared in earlier works, Indeed, much of the expression
may have been produced before. But copyright will be available to [this] second author if his is a work
of independent creation.”xiii
To reiterate, a copyrightable work must not only fit under one of the eight broad cate... | {"creator": "PDFMiner", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "file_type": ".pdf", "tota... |
334bdcb5-29f9-43fc-8084-e2c3d13aded7 | [
-0.04871191456913948,
-0.013705801218748093,
-0.03088865801692009,
-0.08268458396196365,
0.006427306681871414,
0.0504528246819973,
-0.08096407353878021,
-0.07642203569412231,
0.061465706676244736,
-0.014074698090553284,
-0.01870214194059372,
0.1087735965847969,
-0.0240134596824646,
-0.0695... | • Discern the specific rights granted to copyright owners.
• Understand the term of those rights as well as in some cases their limitations.
Just as common law property rights grant owners’ exclusive powers of possession, use, and distribution, so,
too, does copyright law provide for six roughly analogous exclusive r... | {"batch_upload": true, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "creator": "PDFMiner", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Int... |
c7e4581b-97bb-4e6a-8760-8e20a684eed7 | [
-0.10975029319524765,
0.012594935484230518,
-0.052973952144384384,
-0.03140970319509506,
-0.037751924246549606,
0.05131266638636589,
-0.04098938778042793,
-0.05322102829813957,
0.0899808332324028,
-0.0023480660747736692,
0.004531240090727806,
0.11544924229383469,
0.05556473508477211,
-0.04... | rights can act upon them. Only the author of a copyrighted book, for example, can decide to make copies of
(i.e., publish) the work and prepare derivatives of the book, such as a movie version of it. If any person other
than the author and copyright owner were to make a movie based on the book, that person would infr... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "total_pages": 209, "batch_upload": true... |
2f09213b-81f2-4f95-9293-d7aebc8461e6 | [
-0.1859421581029892,
0.07242009788751602,
-0.010768207721412182,
-0.029618581756949425,
-0.004503678996115923,
0.043902553617954254,
-0.04838080331683159,
-0.09341564029455185,
0.017017966136336327,
0.017601309344172478,
0.009883665479719639,
0.15177732706069946,
0.048703473061323166,
-0.0... | quite valuable to their heirs.
On the other hand, imagine that an anonymous Korean War soldier’s diary, dated “December 1951” is
discovered in an antique shop in the year 2013 and published that same year. Ordinarily, the copyright for an
anonymous work would last for 95 years from the date of first publication, exp... | {"title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "total_pages": 209, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Int... |
387f2f51-d71f-4095-8402-2c4e0fb2cc1d | [
-0.0784570649266243,
0.06411375105381012,
-0.05052695795893669,
-0.037748802453279495,
0.022489424794912338,
0.0696493461728096,
-0.004132884554564953,
-0.013937865383923054,
0.038019388914108276,
-0.027902627363801003,
-0.02356720343232155,
0.08546119928359985,
-0.001423467299900949,
0.03... | or commissioned for use as a contribution to a collective work, as a part of a motion picture or other
audiovisual work, as a translation, as a supplementary work, as a compilation, as an instructional text,
as a test, as answer material for a test, or as an atlas, if the parties expressly agree in a written
instrume... | {"file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "total_pages": 209, "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-... |
71ef4886-8309-4769-bbe4-50adbf5065e5 | [
-0.06790667772293091,
0.03031756915152073,
-0.011754248291254044,
-0.078011155128479,
0.018252236768603325,
0.03817464038729668,
-0.07147666066884995,
0.009599174372851849,
0.06816018372774124,
-0.04523204267024994,
-0.0172544177621603,
0.14659367501735687,
0.017941806465387344,
-0.0083427... | subject of interest to the industry. Or let’s say you’re a contractor hired to perform that same task under a
“work for hire” arrangement. You will not own the copyright to that section of the white paper when it is
completed, nor can you publish or use it if you leave the company and go to work for someone else. Alt... | {"creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "total_pages": 209, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_size_mb... |
7a23fc2e-82b8-4a16-9753-fd2a81e92873 | [
-0.06660178303718567,
0.03450465202331543,
-0.07228007912635803,
-0.0424749031662941,
-0.07007727771997452,
0.08472760766744614,
-0.008448773063719273,
0.010500321164727211,
0.05914616957306862,
0.0721638947725296,
0.07837133854627609,
0.17343777418136597,
0.0538155622780323,
-0.0711861848... | known as the first-sale doctrine, which terminates those distribution rights once he sells or distributes the
work to someone else. For example, once the author of a copyrighted novel lets a publisher distribute copies
of that novel to a bookstore, the author’s distribution rights to those copies are ended and the bo... | {"file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "total_pages": 209, "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "s... |
a4a1bdd5-f684-4709-81f4-b83214d23af6 | [
-0.03629368171095848,
0.033245671540498734,
-0.046631451696157455,
0.0031829497311264277,
-0.011012242175638676,
0.04587913677096367,
0.0068495310842990875,
0.04369558393955231,
0.05860140919685364,
0.041278280317783356,
0.03836812451481819,
0.12766975164413452,
0.07908285409212112,
-0.094... | titled The Castaway to retailers with the proviso that these be sold for exactly one dollar. Printed right in the
book itself, in fact, right after the title page, was the following notice:
“The price of this book at retail is $1 net. No dealer is licensed to sell it at a less price, and a sale at a
less price will ... | {"creator": "PDFMiner", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "batch_upload": true, "file_size_mb": 21.73, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b... |
fe3312df-cb6e-4ca8-824e-f2f247f42ed1 | [
-0.07060518860816956,
0.00576565507799387,
-0.016076423227787018,
-0.06932547688484192,
-0.03926033526659012,
0.049281831830739975,
-0.027295855805277824,
-0.012716147117316723,
0.04010414704680443,
0.033207379281520844,
0.08513550460338593,
0.17439427971839905,
0.07568635046482086,
-0.031... | It’s the first-sale doctrine that explains why Amazon.com and eBay allow users to resell secondhand copies of
printed books, music, and movies at prices of their own choosing—but only if those copies were legally
obtained. It is still illegal to sell pirated works.
In 2011, however, a new case in the United States C... | {"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "total_pages": 209, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a1121... |
b2501d78-87f1-41d4-86bc-a2f65e9aa6ae | [
-0.05517175421118736,
0.012965532951056957,
-0.06375475227832794,
-0.1164621040225029,
-0.05134972929954529,
0.042653243988752365,
0.002587273484095931,
0.017761731520295143,
0.03314214572310448,
0.031437259167432785,
0.06860867142677307,
0.12228725850582123,
0.08906103670597076,
-0.070759... | as with secondhand books or Gucci bags bought at a flea market, if the books had been bought legally
(regardless of whether they had been imported or sold originally in the United States), Mr. Kirtsaeng had a
right to sell them.
The first-sale doctrine was also limited by Vernor v. Autodesk (https://www.openstax.org... | {"file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "total_pages": 209, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-... |
98a568b4-8632-4d03-9675-7ecf4fe04f47 | [
-0.11478014290332794,
0.004270697478204966,
-0.03181126341223717,
-0.11562030017375946,
-0.03329813480377197,
0.05102688446640968,
-0.04134964942932129,
0.031200364232063293,
0.02900315262377262,
0.040489912033081055,
0.07319994270801544,
0.12955307960510254,
0.0786210373044014,
-0.0662004... | xvii Derived from Bobbs–Merrill Co. v. Straus, 210 U.S. 339, 350 (1908) Retrieved from http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/
getcase.pl?court=us&vol=210&invol=339.
xviii
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. v. Kirtsaeng, 654 F.3d 210, 99 U.S.P.Q.2d 1641, 2011 ILRC 2481 (2d Cir. 2011) [2011 BL 211086] Retrieved
from http://bit.... | {"file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "total_pages": 209, "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.p... |
7b4453ca-4e54-4420-93fb-58ed324f2a17 | [
-0.10905923694372177,
0.019041715189814568,
-0.04141991212964058,
-0.11498121172189713,
-0.007391147315502167,
0.019894955679774284,
0.03265049308538437,
-0.020014245063066483,
0.08915982395410538,
0.011150461621582508,
0.0442751981317997,
0.1291450411081314,
0.03136207535862923,
-0.021670... | successful effort to create legal markets for secondhand digital goods.
First-Sale vs. Moral Rights
The first-sale doctrine does not affect an author’s moral rights, which under U.S. copyright law are limited only
to certain works of visual art but under European copyright statutes are more broadly applied to other ... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "total_pages": 209, "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_bus... |
adb7950e-ad27-4f29-b0b3-abc907c4cc28 | [
-0.1074277013540268,
-0.007491264026612043,
-0.012182837352156639,
-0.0160584207624197,
0.03819647431373596,
0.11042589694261551,
-0.02755502052605152,
0.01879795268177986,
0.02117745950818062,
-0.043224528431892395,
0.03103475272655487,
0.15150436758995056,
0.07546129077672958,
-0.0095004... | only for the life of the author. Only the author can enforce those rights; they cannot be transferred by the
author to heirs or anyone else.
As noted at the beginning of this chapter, registration is not required in order to enjoy copyright protection.
Once an author puts words to paper, paint to canvas, or software... | {"moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creator": "PDFMi... |
8e1cda0d-192e-4410-a0d7-b00497f60bb5 | [
-0.027781875804066658,
-0.05992155149579048,
-0.02589648775756359,
-0.029643284156918526,
0.019488170742988586,
0.08816688507795334,
-0.053476981818675995,
-0.00918168481439352,
0.046626657247543335,
-0.0645420178771019,
-0.011198967695236206,
0.09193321317434311,
0.0467086061835289,
-0.02... | convention. Notice and registration of copyright are now discretionary, but recommended. Registration of a
copyright provides a legal record of copyright ownership in cases where infringement is alleged, and in fact is
required before the author can even file suit for infringement.xx To register a published work, an a... | {"file_size_mb": 21.73, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "batch_upload": true, "creationdat... |
97da37c2-aa31-4c33-a185-398dfa252a53 | [
-0.05087999626994133,
-0.01711694709956646,
-0.019006086513400078,
-0.10869279503822327,
0.0413966067135334,
-0.0038432080764323473,
-0.01631988026201725,
0.009401819668710232,
0.05337537080049515,
-0.011275287717580795,
0.060608863830566406,
0.09582152962684631,
-0.012123491615056992,
-0.... | another without permission, and what the famous “Blurred Lines” copyright trial means to you.
xix Zemer, L. (2011). Moral Rights: Limited Edition. Boston University Law Review, 91(4), 1524. Retrieved from http://www.bu.edu/
law/central/jd/organizations/journals/bulr/volume91.
xx 17 U.S.C., § 411
Access for free at ... | {"moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "total_pages": 209, "title": "Intro... |
ec7b97fd-255d-4646-bfd8-169b9e746498 | [
-0.13071350753307343,
0.029813680797815323,
0.03418172523379326,
-0.13719338178634644,
0.02646769769489765,
0.022015264257788658,
-0.07175139337778091,
0.03942810371518135,
0.0660494863986969,
0.0424637608230114,
0.04706074297428131,
0.06452014297246933,
0.003781987586989999,
0.02405835501... | performs, or displays all or part of a copyrighted work (or in the world of television, conducts a secondary
transmission of a cable system without the express consent of the cable system owner). Copyright
infringement requires proof of two things. First, it requires proof that the defendant actually copied from the
... | {"creator": "PDFMiner", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "batch_upload": true, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "source_file":... |
c79eabaa-63f6-426f-bbcf-0ad4530254e7 | [
-0.09425002336502075,
0.01468735747039318,
0.004035064484924078,
-0.0821525827050209,
0.09047297388315201,
0.0022310572676360607,
-0.017237959429621696,
0.005116073414683342,
0.06885702908039093,
-0.005566631909459829,
0.028540361672639847,
0.0374949611723423,
0.04047045856714249,
0.053405... | plaintiff’s work, and that there are similarities between the works that make independent creation unlikely.
Second, infringement requires proof that the allegedly infringing work is substantially similar to the plaintiff’s
work.xxi The second requirement is there to make clear that not all copying amounts to infringe... | {"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "total_pages": 209, "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a... |
e26678e5-cf21-4ea8-9ae3-acd98e11f7b0 | [
-0.06155247986316681,
-0.034640613943338394,
-0.004209885839372873,
-0.07987498492002487,
0.04145494103431702,
0.016931962221860886,
0.049344275146722794,
-0.048769254237413406,
0.09588110446929932,
-0.06753185391426086,
0.01929210126399994,
0.08644628524780273,
0.04661712422966957,
-0.077... | otherwise independently researched and written guide to Florida. In that case, we could point to specific
sentences and paragraphs in the two works that were identical, even if other sentences and paragraphs were
not.
Or, to take another example, in today’s music scene, certain genres of music use pieces or “samples... | {"file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "batch_upload": true, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-... |
a0eb6d67-9cf1-426b-988a-d734331f90d0 | [
0.026510339230298996,
-0.011496393010020256,
-0.01720496267080307,
-0.04114225134253502,
0.06585102528333664,
-0.02603980526328087,
0.07560446113348007,
0.0035645472817122936,
0.030328264459967613,
-0.06636378914117813,
-0.013939290307462215,
0.05740128085017204,
0.0348484069108963,
-0.126... | out of court for an undisclosed amount.
The second type of similarity—called comprehensive nonliteral similarity—involves the borrowing of patterns
without necessarily borrowing specific elements. In the case of a novel, for example, one author might infringe
by copying the plot of another novel, even though he used... | {"batch_upload": true, "total_pages": 209, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_... |
c74c347b-1909-44af-b56e-5ea9e6ed6879 | [
-0.07713199406862259,
-0.0009246646077372134,
-0.012369987554848194,
-0.07500770688056946,
0.0640302523970604,
-0.008410032838582993,
0.052157726138830185,
-0.007864215411245823,
0.02212505042552948,
-0.00300726480782032,
-0.04212242737412453,
0.09823373705148697,
0.03538499400019646,
-0.0... | The judge did not agree, finding that Kanye’s song had actually used concepts and phrasing that were
“common ideas” and in the public domain—specifically, Friedrich Nietzsche’s phrase, “That which does not kill
us makes us stronger.”xxii
But by far, the most significant copyright infringement case in recent years con... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "creator": "PDFMiner", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-... |
d1865a04-08e4-439c-8966-1d0bacb59c3f | [
-0.09311909228563309,
-0.039446063339710236,
-0.05693192407488823,
-0.018060993403196335,
-0.0092408312484622,
0.049044132232666016,
0.11985430866479874,
0.005661545321345329,
0.061714544892311096,
-0.01529437955468893,
-0.06772326678037643,
0.06792329996824265,
0.033987224102020264,
-0.04... | 3 • Copyright Basics
of the 2013 pop hit “Blurred Lines.” A federal jury ruled that Thicke and Williams committed copyright
infringement by using elements of the 1977 Marvin Gaye classic R&B hit “Got to Give It Up.” The jury awarded
Gaye’s family $7.3 million—a very significant penalty—but the Gaye family announced ... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "total_pages": 209, "batch_upload": true, "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.pri... |
cae4eb19-8cdc-4e21-a967-b5fa463e209b | [
-0.108705073595047,
0.025656698271632195,
-0.00031287901219911873,
0.004013991914689541,
0.03978225961327553,
0.08083333820104599,
0.08275625109672546,
-0.033062342554330826,
0.08020567148923874,
-0.03733838349580765,
-0.08238184452056885,
0.11403008550405502,
0.04505711421370506,
-0.06176... | of the work of other artists and genres.
Larry Iser, an intellectual property lawyer who has represented artists like Jackson Browne and David Byrne,
criticized the verdict. “Although [Marvin] Gaye was the Prince of Soul,” Iser told the New York Times, “he didn’t
own a copyright to the genre, and Thicke and Williams... | {"file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "total_pages": 209, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "produc... |
7bf1b601-a79a-4f10-a332-4781f76e0c3b | [
-0.04421703889966011,
0.0741635113954544,
0.0160473994910717,
-0.04636973887681961,
-0.027799738571047783,
0.046559710055589676,
0.014261369593441486,
0.02318095602095127,
0.028566131368279457,
0.04055079072713852,
-0.00026672115200199187,
0.04345095157623291,
0.08649827539920807,
-0.03594... | Won’t Back Down.”
Actual and Statutory Damages
As we see in the above case, infringing a copyrighted work can carry very significant penalties. The copyright
owner has the right to recoup damages and lost profits from infringement. There are two kinds of
damages—actual and statutory. The copyright owner may only rec... | {"producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Pr... |
f55c4265-7d32-469c-b487-d83be0b6d1d2 | [
-0.10980334132909775,
0.003166713286191225,
0.05158904939889908,
-0.07233640551567078,
0.006057156715542078,
0.06646522134542465,
-0.0754459872841835,
0.06619469821453094,
0.005868217442184687,
-0.02428346499800682,
-0.015652436763048172,
0.09787872433662415,
-0.01824997179210186,
-0.00613... | Take note, infringers—the risks can be very great, indeed.
Only the owners of registered copyrights may file for statutory damages. That’s another reason why it’s a
good idea to register your copyright.
Sometimes, though, the copyright owner’s most important remedy for infringement will be an injunction that
forces... | {"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "creator": "PDFMiner", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Int... |
41572367-6021-4fd3-93df-24a88a6eaf7c | [
-0.026239881291985512,
0.07033881545066833,
0.012270414270460606,
-0.04864824563264847,
0.04585475102066994,
0.03811810910701752,
0.02772475965321064,
0.03184296935796738,
0.01267172396183014,
0.044977229088544846,
0.07072167098522186,
0.06574632227420807,
0.09766117483377457,
-0.062493551... | showing of likelihood of success on the merits in a copyright infringement case, as stated in Elvis
Presley v. Passport Video and relied on by the district court, has been effectively overruled. In other
words, ‘Elvis has left the building.’ Accordingly, we hold that even in a copyright infringement case,
the plaint... | {"moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "creationdate": "202... |
4317ba5a-3812-49d3-a79d-9dc214347da2 | [
-0.04397158324718475,
0.04813896864652634,
0.018030934035778046,
-0.050935447216033936,
0.08607679605484009,
0.0053664157167077065,
-0.04332226142287254,
0.01063465978950262,
0.025919580832123756,
0.02010735496878624,
0.056165799498558044,
0.092449851334095,
0.038248348981142044,
0.0125531... | xxv http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7153487234107458840&hl=en&as_sdt=2&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr
Access for free at openstax.org.
3.7 • The Fair Use Defense
115
Individuals who infringe copyrighted material face not only restitution for damages and lost profits and
impoundment and destruction of materials, ... | {"file_size_mb": 21.73, "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Propert... |
62041e22-6cbe-40b8-b07d-2460ebf3e170 | [
-0.06555209308862686,
0.01947242021560669,
-0.004627049434930086,
-0.08074809610843658,
0.01454583927989006,
0.023027218878269196,
0.06218855082988739,
0.008426105603575706,
-0.03504163399338722,
0.05082574114203453,
0.035054001957178116,
0.02846178598701954,
-0.03730684518814087,
-0.02359... | violations of trust, trespassing, conversion, invasion of privacy, defamation, and deceptive trade practices still
exist, however, and these may also be employed by a copyright owner seeking redress for other harms caused
by infringing activity.
3.7 The Fair Use Defense
Learning Objectives
After completing this sec... | {"producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "file_type": ".pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "batch_upload": true, "total_pages": 209, "moddate":... |
bb0975e6-7cae-403a-9363-2eee2344798d | [
-0.0850667655467987,
0.03167444467544556,
-0.04659399762749672,
-0.0387747660279274,
0.026927180588245392,
0.01913706213235855,
-0.0031706453301012516,
0.021356867626309395,
0.03538011014461517,
0.07625199854373932,
0.023488469421863556,
0.11939430236816406,
-0.008820021525025368,
0.016141... | legally copy as “fair use.” Here, at last, is everything you need to know about Fair Use.
Title 17 of the United States Code allows the copying and use of copyrighted material for specific
purposes—including criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (involving multiple copies for classroom
use), scholarship, or r... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "batch_upload": true, "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.... |
a2b6774b-c92a-4fd6-b9c8-f388944b5f8c | [
-0.08265884220600128,
0.058575745671987534,
-0.06406820565462112,
-0.05010306090116501,
-0.0021641829516738653,
-0.007117667235434055,
-0.02934609353542328,
0.01104497630149126,
0.07893875241279602,
0.06925273686647415,
-0.0158076174557209,
0.14915557205677032,
0.07668043673038483,
-0.0149... | teaching, scholarship, or research?—in concert with various factors (such as how much was used, and whether
it was for commercial gain or not).
In the crucial 1973 Supreme Court case of Williams & Wilkins v. United States (https://www.openstax.org/l/
WilliamsWilkinsVUS) , for example, the divided justices affirmed a... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "total_pages": 209, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creator": "PDFMiner", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8d... |
a77a44f0-9173-422b-ab94-7b3e260c2459 | [
-0.1596204787492752,
0.024348199367523193,
0.002337254583835602,
-0.0030447118915617466,
0.030631816014647484,
0.010275536216795444,
-0.007468366529792547,
0.008121146820485592,
0.11610361188650131,
0.05041053891181946,
0.04507125914096832,
0.1191171333193779,
0.01667911559343338,
-0.02289... | xxvi Derived from 18 U.S.C., § 2319 Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/2319
xxvii 17 U.S.C., § 107 Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/107.
xxviii Williams & Wilkins v. United States, 487 F.2d 1345 (1973) Retrieved from http://fairuse.stanford.edu/primary_materials/cases/
c... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creator": "PDFMiner", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "batch_upload": true, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "... |
a2514d62-9748-49e3-94fa-e55ee48788de | [
-0.06713677197694778,
0.08404736965894699,
0.00926593691110611,
-0.0759890004992485,
0.014025426469743252,
0.010106215253472328,
0.0729292556643486,
-0.028966667130589485,
-0.012943850830197334,
-0.06760843843221664,
-0.000499907648190856,
0.08083624392747879,
0.013860491104424,
-0.0427060... | character Peter Griffin sang a revised version of the song “When You Wish Upon a Star” called “I Need a Jew”
was a parody and thereby a fair use of the original material. The outrageous if not offensive visuals and words
employed in the Family Guy parody were so substantially different in character and form from the ... | {"moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c... |
a2761a55-1e20-42ee-abe4-93779987df87 | [
-0.03186577931046486,
0.08079210668802261,
0.00895772222429514,
-0.001831594156101346,
0.049424175173044205,
0.018035350367426872,
0.03903207182884216,
-0.0539742149412632,
-0.011047124862670898,
0.05926934629678726,
-0.03062046505510807,
0.0632338672876358,
0.03556874766945839,
-0.0289962... | considered fair use only if it is “transformative” in some substantial way, and the district judge held that it was
not because the collages did not comment on the original work explicitly. The federal circuit disagreed,
holding that explicit references to the original work are not required so long as the required “t... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "total_pages": 209, "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduct... |
1e2b66d1-69b4-4ffa-848a-5a910dfbbf54 | [
-0.11202981323003769,
0.02301529049873352,
-0.04513100907206535,
-0.018097320571541786,
0.08262930810451508,
-0.022575441747903824,
-0.029184427112340927,
-0.020103206858038902,
0.04082129895687103,
-0.0027978159487247467,
0.045511823147535324,
0.08859391510486603,
0.02568388544023037,
0.0... | field, to use copyrighted materials for the purpose of preservation and security of the material or as a deposit
for research. These libraries and archives can keep up to three copies of a copyrighted work, but a copyright
notice must be included on each copy. Libraries and archives will not be held liable for “unsup... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "batch_upload": true, ... |
ec792662-40e8-4ba2-98ab-77d6d4b8257d | [
-0.05382736027240753,
0.030580982565879822,
-0.04936574399471283,
0.008097237907350063,
0.03907863423228264,
0.04358223080635071,
-0.07880114763975143,
-0.01387810055166483,
0.04518958926200867,
0.04939576983451843,
0.038734715431928635,
0.16754356026649475,
0.05746537446975708,
0.01507514... | between representatives of the publishing industry and of academic institutions negotiated in the 1970s. The
photocopying of a copyrighted work for the classroom is permitted if it is limited to:
• A chapter from a book
• An article from a periodical or newspaper
• A short story, short essay, or short poem, whether... | {"title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.42578... |
191d890b-0e99-4159-af70-78db1bb70c6e | [
-0.03461671620607376,
-0.003032997716218233,
-0.0012251910520717502,
-0.010714259929955006,
0.08880329132080078,
-0.020523790270090103,
0.009086167439818382,
-0.0486103780567646,
0.009001873433589935,
0.00868355855345726,
0.06791140139102936,
0.08900298178195953,
0.060856789350509644,
0.00... | Access for free at openstax.org.
3.8 • Changes in Copyright Law 117
But even in the above academic uses, limitations apply regarding the size of both the audience and the
content to be copied. For example, teachers may photocopy works only for students enrolled in the class. The
photocopied material must also pass ... | {"file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_type": ".pdf", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "creationdate": ... |
a6714015-d339-4d44-892e-bf684d66d9ea | [
-0.07246251404285431,
0.039071161299943924,
0.0028294762596488,
-0.045564524829387665,
0.07823237776756287,
0.012389026582241058,
-0.02947245165705681,
-0.009450219571590424,
-0.010498248040676117,
0.020410099998116493,
0.021895693615078926,
0.09464438259601593,
0.08059580624103546,
0.0404... | more than two excerpts—may be copied from the same author; and such bulk photocopying must be limited
to nine instances per class during one term. xxxii
Figure 3.12 Verbatim from source: "The President greets the cast and crew of 'Hamilton' after seeing the play with his daughters at
the Richard Rodgers Theatre in Ne... | {"file_size_mb": 21.73, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "creator": "PDFMiner", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "total_pages": 209, "moddate": "2021-... |
cdebf40a-2f7b-4812-83a0-4945590b0a3b | [
-0.040067773312330246,
-0.032128363847732544,
0.006673680618405342,
-0.10003101080656052,
0.06963276863098145,
0.03810026869177818,
-0.08609398454427719,
0.008238432928919792,
0.018225356936454773,
0.03552297502756119,
-0.00824415497481823,
0.13252684473991394,
0.027359578758478165,
0.0244... | • See how copyright law has continually adapted to technological change.
• Note how digital entertainment industries in particular have been affected by changes in copyright law.
http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ21.pdf.
xxxii Derived from The President and Fellows of Harvard College. (2008). Copyright Law Guidelin... | {"title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "batch_upload": true, "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f6... |
3b429072-5a84-40e7-a588-b5da474da70b | [
-0.03405473753809929,
-0.01977650634944439,
-0.05063480883836746,
-0.13443881273269653,
0.021209431812167168,
0.10679983347654343,
-0.10514276474714279,
0.004851974081248045,
0.005219343584030867,
0.02984914928674698,
0.024999672546982765,
0.11817508190870285,
0.027228718623518944,
0.03756... | The Copyright Act of 1976
As noted earlier, the nineteenth century saw copyright expand to include a variety of new technologies, such
as mechanical reproductions of musical compositions (player pianos and phonographs), photography, and
eventually motion pictures. But those changes were small compared with the enorm... | {"total_pages": 209, "batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "... |
161703c0-b20d-4706-85b6-9f78de554597 | [
-0.07796276360750198,
-0.037462711334228516,
-0.012739645317196846,
-0.11815021187067032,
0.06944292783737183,
0.07328229397535324,
-0.06133116036653519,
0.03077578917145729,
0.032155029475688934,
0.009133881889283657,
0.015097897499799728,
0.1043572723865509,
0.003948642406612635,
0.03950... | distributing it. Each of these required an adjustment in U.S. copyright law.
Take the advent of cable television in the 1960s and 1970s. Early court cases like Fortnightly Corp. v. United
Artists (https://www.openstax.org/l/FortnightlyVUnited) in 1968 and Teleprompter v. CBS
(https://www.openstax.org/l/TeleprompterV... | {"producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "total_pages": 209, "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "creator": "PDFMiner", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_hash": "de971... |
a9c02e0b-d279-4026-90f7-49ee62553da7 | [
-0.08685380965471268,
0.03387031704187393,
0.07279939204454422,
-0.10164105892181396,
0.08075074851512909,
0.0558428056538105,
-0.029631169512867928,
0.03549959510564804,
-0.019865337759256363,
-0.004181663040071726,
0.039155278354883194,
0.10613813996315002,
0.026409311220049858,
0.028158... | The Copyright Act of 1976 made several other major changes to the law. It also codified “fair use” into the
statutes rather than simply the common law, granted statutory copyright protection as soon as a work was
reduced to a concrete form rather than only when registered, and began to bring the United States into
co... | {"file_size_mb": 21.73, "creator": "PDFMiner", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "total_pages": 209, "batch_upload": true, "file_type": ".pdf", "creatio... |
188e8ba8-8c04-45d2-9f35-8363b1555903 | [
0.005295048467814922,
0.037195369601249695,
0.017159512266516685,
-0.1212477758526802,
0.052551448345184326,
0.04561011865735054,
-0.01359501387923956,
0.011443446390330791,
-0.017067845910787582,
-0.035497959703207016,
0.0060896254144608974,
0.10611404478549957,
0.03587059676647186,
-0.03... | copyrighted software. As a result, the Computer Software Rental Act of 1990 was passed, prohibiting the
unauthorized rental, lease, or lending of a computer program for commercial gain. Individuals, however, could
still make personal copies for their own use, and libraries were permitted to lend software.xxxv
The hop... | {"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_type": ".pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "batch_... |
5a986f94-8fcf-4650-8dc2-6245ed49af4a | [
-0.06291671842336655,
0.0014774651499465108,
-0.03660561889410019,
-0.12606437504291534,
0.021039864048361778,
0.07306116074323654,
0.027199026197195053,
-0.03548917919397354,
0.059198856353759766,
-0.0029675618279725313,
-0.0011392375454306602,
0.17108583450317383,
0.10907979309558868,
-0... | technology to prevent the illegal copying of copyrighted music. It also mandated that royalties be paid to
copyright owners for every device sold.
Figure 3.14 Pirate Bay is one site known for dir ecting users to unauthorized pirated copies of songs, movies, and other works.
Despite many attempts to take down and/or ... | {"file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "file_type": ".pdf", "title": "Introducti... |
fb609cbf-752e-46cb-9485-fd95201a832a | [
-0.012126797810196877,
-0.07019899785518646,
-0.1038418635725975,
-0.012923136353492737,
0.0015544953057542443,
0.08619438856840134,
-0.023235326632857323,
0.004226902965456247,
0.06600500643253326,
-0.010470221750438213,
-0.007052415981888771,
0.0857071802020073,
0.09410054981708527,
-0.0... | St. Paul MN: West Publishing Co., 2007.
xxxv
Library of Congress. (2003). The Computer Software Rental Amendments Act of 1990: The Nonprofit Library Lending
Exemption to the “Rental Right”. Retrieved from http://www.copyright.gov/reports/software_ren.html
120
3 • Copyright Basics
Society of Composers, Authors and... | {"creator": "PDFMiner", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05... |
1d1785d7-32e9-469f-90d4-8e43af5d7ee6 | [
0.013726453296840191,
-0.06758977472782135,
-0.07110273092985153,
-0.07806224375963211,
0.04493778571486473,
0.09024911373853683,
0.04780905693769455,
-0.04193742200732231,
0.04076419025659561,
0.0076193916611373425,
-0.004943693522363901,
0.11686160415410995,
0.062143512070178986,
-0.0528... | formed in 1939; and SoundExchange, which in 2007 was granted the sole right by the Copyright Royalty Board
to represent performers whose music airs on satellite radio (such as SIRIUS XM), Internet radio (like Pandora),
cable TV music channels, and similar platforms for streaming sound recordings. The Recording Indust... | {"creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "total_pages": 209, "file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "creator": "PDFMiner", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_name": "In... |
6cd935af-e982-49ea-a597-f9197c8217a0 | [
-0.031983632594347,
0.05868760868906975,
0.0021861286368221045,
-0.07411105185747147,
0.007504739798605442,
0.06055787578225136,
0.0022967555560171604,
-0.012928633950650692,
0.03932169824838638,
0.03715421259403229,
0.03786953538656235,
0.14981800317764282,
0.05119703710079193,
-0.0793683... | 2002, some 3.6 billion songs a month were still being downloaded illegally, thanks to music sharing sites like
Napster, which had been launched in 1999 and at its peak facilitated the downloading (much of it illegal) of 80
million songs. Indeed, many college dormitory networks became overloaded with MP3 musical file ... | {"source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "batch_upload": true, "file_type": ".pdf", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "produce... |
4b536c31-8b23-4d9b-8195-a7619676ad0a | [
-0.000598483718931675,
0.005882812198251486,
0.029008783400058746,
-0.06463943421840668,
0.013267646543681622,
0.08461812138557434,
-0.03224015235900879,
0.002550351433455944,
0.05078081786632538,
0.04952683672308922,
-0.022362561896443367,
0.12040143460035324,
0.044832516461610794,
-0.059... | Napster (https://www.openstax.org/l/AMVNapster) and Metallica v. Napster (https://www.openstax.org/l/
MetallicaVNapster) , judges and juries repeatedly found Napster guilty of infringement and it was forced into
bankruptcy in 2002.
Music piracy still exists, of course. But in place of Napster, music consumers now ha... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "batch_upload": true, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "uploaded_via": "batch_u... |
f3a8b8c0-2bef-4150-8966-a68200ae1970 | [
-0.13021841645240784,
-0.07505609095096588,
0.010648929513990879,
-0.11535107344388962,
0.04981262609362602,
0.008017312735319138,
0.03463310748338699,
0.04295342415571213,
0.027601752430200577,
-0.002071466762572527,
0.024311954155564308,
0.09820752590894699,
0.010969361290335655,
0.01693... | the piracy of copyrighted content. Companies in various content industries lobbied Congress to pass the
Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 (DMCA). This law made it a crime to disseminate technology or
services that could circumvent DRM measures used to control access to copyrighted movies, music, and books.
It... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellec... |
4b1647a0-d1ef-4a80-99d3-8fed0efdb1d6 | [
-0.13481754064559937,
-0.026843946427106857,
0.04023880511522293,
-0.11488813161849976,
0.07826747000217438,
-0.01582321524620056,
0.0479094423353672,
-0.004470814485102892,
0.009080723859369755,
0.013848482631146908,
0.01651231199502945,
0.0916203036904335,
0.022947117686271667,
-0.072579... | infringement” for not taking sufficient steps to prevent or remove some 160,000 unauthorized clips of
Viacom’s entertainment programming posted by users. Google argued that the DMCA’s “safe harbor”
provisions shielded them from liability for the actions of its users, and a district court judge ruled in favor of
Goog... | {"creator": "PDFMiner", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "total_pages": 209, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "crea... |
0350c557-3273-418b-b61c-269ad21f8745 | [
-0.11928538233041763,
-0.032303012907505035,
0.02309810183942318,
-0.11385337263345718,
0.06502973288297653,
0.0321611613035202,
-0.022940190508961678,
0.020749852061271667,
0.005589759908616543,
-0.018798280507326126,
0.02032994106411934,
0.16640600562095642,
-0.05397936329245567,
-0.0193... | owners like Viacom by creating a system that allows them to track their content when posted on YouTube and
then request it be taken down or run with ads.
Extending Copyrights
The same year that saw passage of the DMCA also witnessed the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term
Extension Act, which added an addition... | {"creator": "PDFMiner", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "total_pages": 209, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual... |
9b36533a-68f7-48fb-8959-f370fae05810 | [
-0.035165656358003616,
-0.0018324258271604776,
-0.05428629741072655,
-0.09969718754291534,
0.05203990265727043,
0.0887240618467331,
0.012284215539693832,
-0.0011377239134162664,
0.01528217550367117,
0.030922258272767067,
-0.04922978952527046,
0.13412868976593018,
-0.021755089983344078,
-0.... | a public purpose and ought to defer to the public interest, as it has throughout U.S. history. As the New York
Times put it:
“When Senator Hatch laments that George Gershwin’s ‘Rhapsody in Blue’ will soon ‘fall into the
public domain,’ he makes the public domain sound like a dark abyss where songs go, never to be
he... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "total_pages": 209, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "batch_upload": true, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_typ... |
12fe4922-373c-47f6-a088-10cb7383c4fe | [
-0.027079593390226364,
-0.003932698629796505,
0.0322461761534214,
-0.06628737598657608,
0.09549611061811447,
0.05473393201828003,
-0.03718017414212227,
0.011569859459996223,
0.00448363833129406,
-0.0038225555326789618,
-0.038518987596035004,
0.13580943644046783,
0.03757422789931297,
0.0046... | long,” he argues. “It has the potential to create an anti-commons that deprives the public of its rights to freely
access cultural works. Copyrighted works should pass into the public domain after 28 years, which was the
approach of the Founders.”
The debate over the Copyright Term Extension Act, not surprisingly, c... | {"batch_upload": true, "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "total_pages": 209, "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "file_type": ".pdf", "source": "downlo... |
272798b4-46af-4cb8-8897-804cd9df23ef | [
-0.021583089604973793,
0.012221799232065678,
0.027573611587285995,
-0.07779952883720398,
0.01190890558063984,
0.07777434587478638,
0.008615916594862938,
0.0006684395484626293,
0.023229826241731644,
0.03324562683701515,
0.01591859944164753,
0.1542990356683731,
0.050953589379787445,
-0.04205... | border protection of creative works while leaving most details of each nation’s copyright laws to member
states.
One proposed bill that didn’t make it into law was the Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion
Act of 2002. It attempted to deal with continuing piracy of copyrighted works by requiring every ... | {"moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_name": "Int... |
66bdd5ee-3171-4858-b127-c46e42f48398 | [
-0.020694859325885773,
-0.052733223885297775,
0.0022007771767675877,
-0.04556192085146904,
0.01779605634510517,
0.06825260818004608,
0.00045384897384792566,
0.0049030533991754055,
0.05369846895337105,
0.06528172641992569,
0.002238169312477112,
0.11857110261917114,
0.05009160190820694,
-0.0... | install software on their CDs to prevent copying of the music. And some Blu-ray and DVD movie players do not
allow for the creation of transformative copies. In fact, iTunes, a very popular way to manage music and other
media, used to employ a DRM system that limited the transfer of songs to five authorized computers... | {"total_pages": 209, "creator": "PDFMiner", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "file_type": ".pdf", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Propert... |
d8bc1917-b2e3-4645-812e-2df3a739c42e | [
-0.015731120482087135,
-0.033564940094947815,
-0.0035535709466785192,
-0.006055525504052639,
0.0041784076020121574,
0.07063554227352142,
-0.019933806732296944,
0.04276209697127342,
0.04861319437623024,
0.07830830663442612,
-0.00706019252538681,
0.16826441884040833,
0.041336540132761,
-0.07... | America—protection for the rights of creators but only so long as it serves the public interest.
And enabling creators to keep creating is clearly in the public interest.
E-Books
A more legitimate concern regarding DRM is that, whatever its perceived benefits for publishers and
distributors, it is holding back inno... | {"creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creator": "PDFMiner", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "pro... |
5e98a139-6f85-44a5-9c0b-3263217406d9 | [
0.011439166963100433,
-0.02447752095758915,
-0.005500343628227711,
0.0209664236754179,
0.018549052998423576,
0.04487314820289612,
-0.04245231673121452,
0.07061593979597092,
0.09840622544288635,
0.02965027093887329,
0.05144265294075012,
0.11894156038761139,
0.046544358134269714,
-0.05655292... | that’s because DRM makes the e-book reader experience much less enjoyable and useful than that for printed
books. According to Rubin:
“When I buy a printed book, I can choose where to buy it—whether from a small neighborhood
bookstore, a large chain bookstore, a grocery store, drug store, other retail establishment, ... | {"batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "total_pages": 209, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "creator": "PDFMiner", "f... |
7556d330-c242-4019-b5c0-27fed8061f17 | [
-0.0013230598997324705,
-0.03409556299448013,
0.004559095483273268,
-0.04184657335281372,
0.03241243585944176,
0.0709078311920166,
-0.0469895638525486,
0.06050918251276016,
0.1177305355668068,
0.05815746635198593,
0.03631455823779106,
0.15588216483592987,
0.012311148457229137,
-0.076007328... | and also augment them with rich audio, video, and social media. Rather, it lies in the business arrangements
underlying the publication and distribution of e-books.
The e-book you buy, for example, is often available from only one source—and usually only readable on one
proprietary device. You can’t access it from a... | {"file_size_mb": 21.73, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "batch_upload": true, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "pro... |
b1801ef5-c386-4a7c-918a-624408964436 | [
-0.07292179018259048,
-0.06887665390968323,
0.003804438980296254,
0.017622103914618492,
-0.027763066813349724,
0.013537510298192501,
-0.045579131692647934,
0.032624468207359314,
0.03889148309826851,
0.020656190812587738,
0.026087671518325806,
0.13556797802448273,
0.020088037475943565,
-0.0... | you can’t even download the digital version of a print book that you’ve already purchased unless you pay a
second time.
Publishing DRM Free
"The consumer ebook market is an emerging and changing one, and we want to offer customers as
many choices as possible."
-Elsevier spokeswoman Suzanne BeDell
In response to c... | {"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "creator": "PDFMiner", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "file_type": ".pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual... |
9c1140ee-9b70-4445-a300-ab2c57a95682 | [
-0.03215977922081947,
-0.05990324914455414,
0.005422813352197409,
0.013062098994851112,
0.0446196012198925,
0.04160778596997261,
-0.049405623227357864,
0.036052156239748,
0.07896757870912552,
0.04538444057106972,
0.010971466079354286,
0.13177165389060974,
0.036896754056215286,
-0.141186743... | apparent harm to its sales—and to the delight of its customers.
Then there’s the big U.S. tech publisher O’Reilly, which has been DRM free since its inception. O’Reilly, which
has one of the most loyal customer bases in publishing, signed a deal on April 16 of 2013 with Elsevier, the
Access for free at openstax.org.... | {"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "creator": "PDFMiner", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectua... |
f477ca67-2f7b-465c-a847-3c9bb7be4509 | [
-0.009888451546430588,
-0.013207434676587582,
0.053970858454704285,
-0.031840503215789795,
0.014068651013076305,
0.0672980397939682,
0.011466753669083118,
-0.01960550993680954,
0.014106455259025097,
0.02889072336256504,
0.023236216977238655,
0.14563287794589996,
0.027981076389551163,
-0.07... | restrictions, it recently started selling books on its own site DRM free.
These early publisher moves to dispense with DRM restrictions parallel what happened in the digital music
industry a decade ago. For the first few years after the launch of the iTunes music store in 2003, piracy-wary
music publishers required ... | {"producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "file_size_mb": 21.73, "source": "downloads\\... |
81555840-b762-4a6a-8c02-bc9a871b2829 | [
-0.022883310914039612,
-0.026102885603904724,
-0.005727287381887436,
-0.032011210918426514,
0.02085430547595024,
0.06298844516277313,
-0.029195355251431465,
0.0021150491666048765,
0.04296525940299034,
0.042419273406267166,
-0.009039430879056454,
0.13276220858097076,
0.037916459143161774,
-... | This, said Jobs, would obviously be “positive for the music companies.”
And sure enough, once publishers agreed to license digital music DRM free later that same year, the market
exploded. In 2013, iTunes announced the sale of its twenty-fifth billionth song!
Ultimately, argues Rubin:
“Success [for ebook publishers... | {"title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "creator": "PDFMiner", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "to... |
2768f523-0484-48b1-8f4f-19954c6c8737 | [
-0.014941065572202206,
0.00704986322671175,
-0.027563821524381638,
-0.14836658537387848,
0.03032725490629673,
0.07273028790950775,
-0.03200119733810425,
-0.012787935324013233,
0.047241486608982086,
0.02281150408089161,
0.11096711456775665,
0.14829714596271515,
0.03295181691646576,
0.030605... | meantime, it’s worth mentioning three other copyright-related laws that were passed during the last decade
or so.
One, the Technology, Education, and Copyright Harmonization (TEACH) Act of 2002 enabled educators to use
certain copyrighted performances and displays for educational purposes.xxxvi The bill was focused o... | {"batch_upload": true, "creator": "PDFMiner", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_type": ".pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_nam... |
ef30d2f5-1fd6-42da-91ee-0b819395b9dd | [
-0.04735981300473213,
0.011198807507753372,
-0.06465094536542892,
-0.13092230260372162,
0.03165293112397194,
0.10115840286016464,
0.002947406144812703,
0.010150299407541752,
0.026091771200299263,
0.03200007230043411,
0.06007983162999153,
0.08831987529993057,
0.06171882897615433,
0.03954583... | screen out or skip over some 14 different categories of objectionable content in movies played on DVD players
and other devices.xxxviii
xxxvi Technology, Education, and Copyright Harmonization (TEACH) Act of 2002, Div. C, Tit. III, Subtitle C of the 21st Century
Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act,... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduc... |
164b2abf-710c-49a5-81e5-0d88abf63f9a | [
0.006964728236198425,
-0.05338304489850998,
-0.027522452175617218,
-0.13694864511489868,
0.061997998505830765,
0.07857842743396759,
-0.05662455037236214,
-0.017433326691389084,
0.07538634538650513,
-0.015963945537805557,
-0.06411737948656082,
0.05495745688676834,
0.010302256792783737,
-0.0... | of Titles 17 and 18 U.S. Code. Retrieved from http://www.copyright.gov/legislation/pl109-9.html.
124
3 • Copyright Basics
3.9 New Technology Challenges to Copyright
Figure 3.15 (credit: photograph by Ivailo Djilianov via flikr / CC BY 2.0)
Learning Objectives
After completing this section, you will be able to
• S... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "creator": "PDFMiner", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", ... |
2622fe26-affe-452a-a055-48cae39b0022 | [
0.05261938273906708,
-0.0780009925365448,
-0.015907157212495804,
-0.0952674150466919,
0.0018060795264318585,
0.08059076964855194,
0.05789697542786598,
-0.01839456707239151,
0.05205331742763519,
0.010549153201282024,
-0.09016043692827225,
0.0653919205069542,
0.055436331778764725,
-0.0514225... | Sirius XM than they are for music streaming services like Pandora.
Music Streaming
Rates are set by the federal Copyright Royalty Board (CRB), a three-judge panel, but currently they apply a
different rate for streaming music than they do for satellite and cable music. Sirius pays about 8 percent of its
revenue to ... | {"batch_upload": true, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intel... |
21ccf6fd-7f5f-444f-b8ff-366c9deaa86b | [
0.00856698863208294,
-0.0065760426223278046,
-0.0028746139723807573,
-0.11041823774576187,
0.021364806219935417,
0.06431984901428223,
0.008684216998517513,
-0.016856953501701355,
0.02333756349980831,
0.005845937877893448,
-0.06675469130277634,
0.03666544705629349,
0.06607893854379654,
-0.0... | roll, country, rap, and jazz—published an open letter in Billboard magazine opposing Pandora’s plan to cut
artists’ pay and make more money, as they put it in the letter, “on the backs of hard working musicians and
singers.”
In November of 2013, Pandora quietly abandoned efforts to seek legislation that would help r... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "creator": "PDFMiner", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intel... |
196cab08-215b-4a48-b534-063bd1f04eb7 | [
-0.02528120018541813,
-0.10901853442192078,
-0.014094693586230278,
-0.07779088616371155,
0.0070611233823001385,
0.048688553273677826,
0.04903124272823334,
0.024445893242955208,
0.02446606196463108,
0.018395157530903816,
-0.06032581254839897,
0.05298009142279625,
-0.010559545829892159,
-0.0... | SoundExchange wanted the statutory royalty rate raised to 25 cents per 100 songs—an 80 percent
increase—and then by 1 cent every year after that until 2020. Collectively, music streaming services have a
combined listenership of 100 million people and are the fastest-growing revenue source for artists and music
label... | {"batch_upload": true, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_type": ".pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intel... |
6babe2ee-ab6a-4101-9914-731a70ac882e | [
-0.08895080536603928,
-0.04021922126412392,
0.020705845206975937,
-0.10326587408781052,
0.06238183006644249,
0.016830237582325935,
0.011940430849790573,
0.05672584846615791,
0.014428958296775818,
-0.006302004214376211,
0.0073309470899403095,
0.13232161104679108,
-0.0028625649865716696,
-0.... | TV broadcasters argued that Aereo violated their copyrights by rebroadcasting their TV signals. Aereo,
however, claimed that it was the subscribers who were doing the transmitting, and that Aereo merely rented a
tool that enabled people to watch a private performance—much like they do when they tape a TV show and
wa... | {"file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "file_type": ".pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "sou... |
76c9813f-a5c0-4952-a1bf-49a2f50f957c | [
-0.006308724172413349,
0.021479398012161255,
0.0042151035740971565,
-0.030761707574129105,
0.09190206229686737,
0.021508323028683662,
0.0378909632563591,
-0.0075794667936861515,
0.08524274080991745,
0.04522242024540901,
-0.009500650689005852,
0.04444335401058197,
-0.022753393277525902,
-0.... | Learning Objectives
After completing this section, you will be able to
• Understand how alternative forms of copyright are emerging in today’s increasingly digital ecosystem.
Up to now, we have focused on traditional copyright situations in which an author usually pursues some sort
of monetary gain in exchange for t... | {"uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "batch_upload": true, "file_size_mb": 21.73, "creat... |
b3af37b8-f623-4778-b239-1f8552ae4e3f | [
0.0021830142941325903,
-0.04680095985531807,
-0.018224280327558517,
-0.03711285442113876,
0.13924826681613922,
-0.00804856512695551,
-0.03711257129907608,
-0.0419527105987072,
0.08019717037677765,
0.020168963819742203,
0.00436578830704093,
0.03676123544573784,
-0.012651175260543823,
-0.048... | copyright that coordinates the creation and consumption of content among a wide variety of individuals and
institutions—all without a hint of government intervention. In doing so, Creative Commons captures a whole
section of the market for which broad dissemination of content and not financial gain is key, which is
... | {"file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "batch_upload": true, "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "file_type": ".pdf", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "creationdate": "2021-05... |
94c78c6c-ff5e-450c-815b-73069fc42076 | [
-0.028658339753746986,
-0.06529239565134048,
-0.02546188421547413,
-0.04550817608833313,
0.10962753742933273,
-0.002602342050522566,
-0.042434822767972946,
-0.04592130333185196,
0.07446170598268509,
-0.006521256640553474,
0.016545118764042854,
0.13459208607673645,
-0.007104246877133846,
-0... | under copyright law, such as fair use.
Access for free at openstax.org.
3.11 • Copyright in a Changing World
127
Creative Commons licenses also cannot be revoked, which means that if copies of your work are distributed
under a Creative Commons license, they will always be distributed that way. If, for example, you... | {"file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "creator": "PDFMiner", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "total_pages": 209, "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec... |
346c8481-cd1f-4e13-9f76-979389b12d91 | [
-0.05694369226694107,
-0.0006769645260646939,
-0.04145391285419464,
0.04170890897512436,
0.07653491944074631,
0.0014375890605151653,
-0.06513822823762894,
-0.00821634940803051,
0.08428147435188293,
-0.008791815489530563,
-0.06850951164960861,
0.13644510507583618,
-0.05026805400848389,
-0.0... | on the Internet.
Open Access
Another alternative copyright approach is called open access, founded by the Budapest Open Access Initiative
in 2002. Open access encourages scholars to provide the fruits of their research online without expectation of
payment.xxxix The aim here is to open up scholarly research far more... | {"source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "title": "Introduction to I... |
8780bbbc-935d-4afa-9309-bf69dfa56527 | [
-0.07192440330982208,
0.018297387287020683,
0.03004872053861618,
-0.06547342985868454,
0.17747917771339417,
-0.014915673062205315,
-0.03825528547167778,
0.015494506806135178,
0.09144462645053864,
0.032144948840141296,
-0.017328748479485512,
0.10350611805915833,
-0.04564046859741211,
-0.037... | Figure 3.17 (credit: art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, and JakobVoss via Wikimedia Commons / CC0)
Finally, open source software licensing also offers an alternative to traditional copyright. An open source
license for computer software allows the source code to be used, modified, and/or sh... | {"file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "file_type": ".pdf", "file_size_mb": 2... |
f30d97dc-cb71-434f-af02-a7120cb5dc46 | [
-0.0893431231379509,
0.037030693143606186,
-0.005190618801862001,
-0.04265650734305382,
0.0697781890630722,
0.04903227835893631,
-0.040257859975099564,
0.043013524264097214,
0.08410795778036118,
-0.012575923465192318,
-0.00016394839622080326,
0.13722728192806244,
-0.026858005672693253,
-0.... | • Understand how copyright law is showing signs of strain today.
• Realize that it may very well need to adapt to an increasingly mobile world.
xxxix Chan, L., Cuplinskas, D., Eisen, M., Friend, F., Genova, Y., Guedon, J., Hagemann, M., Harnad, S., Johnson R., Kupryte, R., Manna,
M., Rev I., Segbert, M., Souza, S., S... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "creator": "PDFMiner", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellect... |
d0096fb1-2f30-4dda-9bba-cc0de6ef481c | [
-0.002099142177030444,
-0.0021186324302107096,
0.011631624773144722,
-0.0838630199432373,
0.10551328957080841,
0.038090161979198456,
-0.0667000263929367,
-0.01474841684103012,
-0.004423183389008045,
0.03201870620250702,
0.03990119695663452,
0.14834387600421906,
0.02014549821615219,
0.00029... | According to Pallante:
"The law is showing the strain of age and requires your attention. [People] increasingly are accessing
content on mobile devices and fewer and fewer of them will need or desire the physical copies that
were so central to the 19th and 20th century copyright laws."
The list of issues requiring a... | {"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "total_pages": 209, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94... |
e47ec867-10b3-445d-a186-97321d777506 | [
-0.03717345371842384,
-0.007787097245454788,
0.015310467220842838,
-0.048067037016153336,
-0.028558706864714622,
0.08296283334493637,
-0.06745750457048416,
-0.048037849366664886,
0.046596746891736984,
0.041870467364788055,
-0.09822173416614532,
0.12710820138454437,
0.03314082697033882,
0.0... | and technological realities, and there is no reason to doubt that it will continue to do so.
Access for free at openstax.org.
3 • Assessment Questions
129
Assessment Questions
1. A copyright gives authors, artists, dramatists, architects, and other artistic creators the exclusive right to
control what?
A. How th... | {"batch_upload": true, "total_pages": 209, "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "file_type": ".pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property... |
a437fe38-9bbb-4029-b851-05ffed49f693 | [
-0.06368547677993774,
-0.026964636519551277,
0.021833771839737892,
-0.06627676635980606,
0.0034340324345976114,
0.07329554855823517,
-0.030677560716867447,
0.0030846749432384968,
0.09526976197957993,
0.059452999383211136,
-0.11783552914857864,
0.07422719150781631,
0.01790161244571209,
0.06... | 3. Congress and the courts have interpreted the terms “authors” and “writings” very broadly to include which
of the following as eligible for copyright? (Choose all that apply)
A. Graphic works.
B. Novel, non-obvious and useful inventions.
C. Architectural works.
4. When is a work considered copyrighted?
A. Once ... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "total_pages": 209, "file_size_mb": 21.73, "creator": "PDFMiner", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "file_hash": "... |
24b2fbf3-1fff-4235-a8f8-8bb3c261e8dc | [
-0.05378946289420128,
0.07370954751968384,
0.0015397696988657117,
-0.0761856660246849,
0.03521310165524483,
0.1228780746459961,
-0.004486577119678259,
-0.0035674269311130047,
0.00867344532161951,
0.05640394613146782,
-0.03172065690159798,
0.0814446210861206,
-0.018784428015351295,
-0.03236... | C. Patent examiners can all agree that an invention is novel, non-obvious and useful, but art critics may
never all agree that any one painting is beautiful.
D. All of the above.
6. Which two public policy goals are served by granting copyrights? (Choose all that apply)
A. By protecting the property rights of artis... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "total_pages": 209, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "upl... |
af3f84b8-61f9-4988-be6b-2e64deeb0ee6 | [
-0.07251016050577164,
0.037938300520181656,
-0.013033581897616386,
-0.08079612255096436,
0.008714508265256882,
0.06239898130297661,
-0.016870621591806412,
0.05205891281366348,
0.005265256855636835,
-0.01789754256606102,
-0.016862735152244568,
0.08414692431688309,
0.040293145924806595,
-0.0... | B. Copyrights were enforced with the same diligence as patent rights.
C. Patent rights were seen as more beneficial to the public than copyrights.
130
3 • Assessment Questions
8. The policy of strong patent rights and weaker copyrights also reflected what differences in the motivations
of inventors compared with a... | {"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "creator": "PDFMiner", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "total_pages": 209, "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "file_hash": "d... |
115d5953-85e6-4761-9378-a3eb14aaae48 | [
-0.05562910437583923,
0.033494237810373306,
0.004723329562693834,
-0.07730675488710403,
-0.06504960358142853,
0.05622376874089241,
-0.02189701795578003,
0.030754966661334038,
-0.016445225104689598,
-0.03335653617978096,
-0.02453654818236828,
0.11466022580862045,
0.05431152135133743,
-0.040... | A. Authors.
B. Artists.
C. Printers and publishers.
11. The copyright granted in 1669 to Jean-Baptiste Lully, director of the Paris Opera, gave him exclusive rights
to? (Choose all that apply)
A. All operatic performances.
B. The publication of operatic librettos.
C. The number of musicians who could perform out... | {"file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "creator": "PDFMiner", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_... |
7b9102be-bdf8-446f-a4b8-b24a48c15b27 | [
-0.02340787649154663,
0.07253901660442352,
-0.02524566277861595,
-0.09468496590852737,
0.034785691648721695,
0.1227816492319107,
-0.11330752819776535,
0.0447545163333416,
-0.012096032500267029,
0.013098602183163166,
-0.05025818198919296,
0.11650902032852173,
-0.011257090605795383,
0.038574... | It enabled copyrights to last as long as 150 years.
It enabled anyone to get a copyright lasting 14 years with the right to renew.
14. In general, early European copyright systems achieved what results?
A. Created monopolies, high prices, censorship, and wealth for the Crown.
B. Guaranteed authors’ rights.
C. Prev... | {"producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "file_type": ".pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "file_size_mb... |
5061c3ff-f4f8-464a-a926-b50f7a28b35f | [
-0.014901704154908657,
-0.005461502820253372,
-0.004551229998469353,
-0.04243920370936394,
-0.00007019902113825083,
0.07877662777900696,
-0.03196882829070091,
-0.02492651529610157,
0.0013857453595846891,
0.05508052930235863,
-0.015254469588398933,
0.1403460055589676,
0.053957000374794006,
... | apply)
A. Sheet music, maps, design, and sculpture.
B. Lectures.
C.
Inventions.
Access for free at openstax.org.
3 • Assessment Questions
131
17. At the time of America’s first copyright laws, publications in America were mostly focused on which of the
following?
A. Literary works.
B. Practical guides, newsp... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "batch_upload": true, "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "total_pages": 209, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "uploaded_via": "batc... |
f638c840-2169-4854-a9ca-959895b448f7 | [
-0.016505759209394455,
-0.03227702155709267,
-0.010854583233594894,
-0.02826523967087269,
0.0035108847077935934,
0.10168017446994781,
0.02820342406630516,
-0.026016967371106148,
0.0020293777342885733,
0.05153678357601166,
0.022828219458460808,
0.1855836808681488,
0.04194241762161255,
0.004... | A. 1776.
B. 1783.
C. 1790.
21. How did America’s first copyright law treat the infringement of foreign cultural works?
A.
B.
It strongly prohibited copyright infringement whether domestic and foreign.
It explicitly allowed, even encouraged the piracy of foreign works.
22. America would resist all efforts to out... | {"file_type": ".pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "batch_upload": true, "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "total_pages": 209, "moddate": "... |
8047f9b5-cdcc-489a-80aa-1140c7c526b1 | [
-0.04770044982433319,
-0.02309541217982769,
-0.050725456327199936,
-0.05128111317753792,
-0.004981485661119223,
0.11233639717102051,
-0.01849156804382801,
-0.02911284938454628,
-0.027899425476789474,
0.026695292443037033,
0.0052686091512441635,
0.13603860139846802,
0.07714663445949554,
-0.... | A. The U.S. was regarded as an publishing outlaw by other countries.
B. American works cost a lot more than pirated foreign works.
C. Domestic American authorship was stunted and delayed as a result.
D. All of the above.
132
3 • Assessment Questions
26. When was Harriet Beacher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin copyright... | {"file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "batch_upload": true, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "title": "Introduction to Intellectual Property", "total_pages": 209, "c... |
7e96a283-1ba0-4ea7-bbc4-ae6148619f31 | [
-0.06699822843074799,
-0.03294472396373749,
0.02614911086857319,
-0.11220169812440872,
0.03886040300130844,
0.07632023096084595,
0.005360613111406565,
0.04261583462357521,
0.09138109534978867,
0.07467445731163025,
-0.07820208370685577,
0.06789819151163101,
0.03175915405154228,
0.0098201772... | B. The early 20th century.
29. Which of the following is NOT one of the eight broad categories of copyrightable work?
A. Literary works.
B. Musical works, including any accompanying words.
C. Dramatic works, including any accompanying music.
D. Pantomimes and choreographic works.
E. Creative Ideas.
F. Pictorial,... | {"moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "creator": "PDFMiner", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_type": ".pdf", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "total_pages": 209, "title": "Introduction to Intellec... |
6fcb4315-1b75-4745-96a2-d2e5aaf13943 | [
-0.07677638530731201,
-0.026211367920041084,
0.0018029436469078064,
-0.07192989438772202,
0.012262154370546341,
0.038755908608436584,
0.01194064412266016,
0.033467426896095276,
0.07621914148330688,
0.06041760742664337,
-0.06650682538747787,
0.061081234365701675,
-0.0052943103946745396,
0.0... | 31. What is the difference between ideas and their expression under copyright law.
A. You can’t copyright an idea for a movie, but you can patent it.
B.
Ideas are just thoughts, not matter how creative. You can’t copyright thoughts.
C. You cannot copyright an idea for a space opera, but you can copyright Star Wars—... | {"moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "creator": "PDFMiner", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8dd73255e5f604bd6e178e20a112124f6996a94ee551ec", "total_pages": 209, "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "batc... |
9c1f9008-721d-480c-972b-39408305fa10 | [
-0.08100636303424835,
0.007989255711436272,
-0.023831825703382492,
-0.03045782446861267,
-0.0117555633187294,
0.09190511703491211,
-0.07483583688735962,
0.0408816784620285,
0.03990450128912926,
0.05937344953417778,
0.003207540139555931,
0.10232382267713547,
0.018130866810679436,
-0.0545141... | C. Authored or creatively compiled.
D. Not a fact or abstract idea.
E. Culturally worthwhile.
Access for free at openstax.org.
3 • Assessment Questions
133
34. How many exclusive rights does a copyright owner have?
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 8.
35. If the copyright in a work lasts for 95 years from first publication, it ... | {"total_pages": 209, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "creator": "PDFMiner", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_hash": "de971509c31fd23b9b8d... |
bd299c3c-6881-4842-8dd3-4e0b9c00dbe1 | [
-0.09289716184139252,
-0.04703954607248306,
-0.014577853493392467,
-0.05697166174650192,
0.036526575684547424,
0.040971335023641586,
0.016331924125552177,
0.010968032293021679,
0.014028905890882015,
-0.06263989210128784,
0.0008594454266130924,
0.08908742666244507,
0.03407292440533638,
-0.0... | gallery, etc.
38. Registration used to be required for a copyright. When did that requirement end?
A. 1976, with the passage of the Copyright Act.
B. 1909, when Congress passed the Copyright Act of 1909.
C. 1989, after the United States joined the international Berne Convention.
39. If attorneys could demonstrate ... | {"source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "file_size_mb": 21.73, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "file_name": "Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "total_pages": 209, "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00... |
b50c6f29-0807-4f3c-9626-58c932272f94 | [
-0.0431579053401947,
0.013844694010913372,
-0.004745848942548037,
-0.012078762985765934,
0.0005905990255996585,
0.06313706934452057,
0.11502865701913834,
0.017047416418790817,
0.06230691447854042,
0.002417593728750944,
-0.07212939113378525,
0.07361473888158798,
0.07750576734542847,
-0.0804... | form of copyright infringement?
A. Comprehensive nonliteral similarity.
B. Fragmented literal similarity.
41. In addition to the $5.3 million jury award, why was the Thicke and Williams copyright infringement case
considered to be so significant within the music industry?
A.
It shows that you can’t get away with ... | {"creationdate": "2021-05-14T12:22:55-05:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T14:37:38.425789", "producer": "Prince 12.5 (www.princexml.com)", "moddate": "2021-05-14T12:24:20-05:00", "batch_upload": true, "source_file": "downloads\\business\\legal_business\\Introduction_to_Intellectual_Property.pdf", "creator": "PDFMin... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.