language stringclasses 24
values | input stringlengths 1 2.04k | output stringlengths 23 60k | instruction stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|
English | Figure 1. | 1 Figure Figure PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Discourse=organization-heading:37->38:0|Entity=(70-abstract-new-cf1-1-coref|XML=<hi rend:::"bold">
2 1 1 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 1 dep 1:dep Entity=70)|SpaceAfter=No
3 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct 1:punct XML=</hi>
| Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | January-june 2016 philippine power demand | 1 January January PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound 7:compound Discourse=elaboration-additional:38->29:3|Entity=(71-abstract-new-cf3-3,7-sgl(72-time-new-cf5-1,3-sgl|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<date from:::"2016-01" to:::"2016-06"><w>
2 - - SYM SYM _ 3 case 3:case SpaceAfter=No
3 june June PROPN NNP Number=Sing|Typo=Yes 1 nmod 1:... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Now that the world is in the age where lighting seems to be a daily necessity, typical homes as shown in figure 1, consume nearly 27 percent of the energy used today: making lighting as the major source of electricity consumption. | 1 Now now ADV RB _ 26 advmod 26:advmod Discourse=context-circumstance:39->41:2
2 that that SCONJ IN _ 8 mark 8:mark _
3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det 4:det Entity=(74-place-acc:com-cf6-2-sgl
4 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj 8:nsubj Entity=74)
5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Lighting plays a large part on the consumption of household electrical energy; it consumes about 18% of the total generated electricity of total energy consumption in residential sectors as shown in figure 2 [2]. | 1 Lighting lighting NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj 2:nsubj Discourse=restatement-repetition_m:46->45:1|Entity=(20-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-1-coref-Lighting)
2 plays play VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det 5:det Entity=(80-abstract-new-cf... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Figure 2. | 1 Figure Figure PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Discourse=organization-heading:50->51:0|Entity=(85-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-1-coref|XML=<hi rend:::"bold">
2 2 2 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 1 dep 1:dep Entity=85)|SpaceAfter=No
3 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct 1:punct XML=</hi>
| Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Estimated electricity use in residential sector | 1 Estimated estimate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 amod 3:amod Discourse=elaboration-additional:51->47:2|Entity=(87-abstract-new-cf3-3-sgl
2 electricity electricity NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound 3:compound Entity=(56-abstract-giv:inact-cf2-1-coref)
3 use use NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root 0:root _
4 in in ADP IN _ 6... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | One of the main factors in lighting energy consumption is the light bulb. | 1 One one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 13 nsubj 13:nsubj Discourse=joint-other_m:52->19:5|Entity=(88-object-new-cf1-1-coref
2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case 5:case _
3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det 5:det _
4 main main ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod 5:amod _
5 factors factor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 nmod 1:nmod:of _... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The use of correct and appropriate type of light bulb improves the efficiency of energy usage. | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det 2:det Discourse=explanation-justify:53->52:0|Entity=(91-abstract-new-cf3-2-sgl
2 use use NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj 11:nsubj _
3 of of ADP IN _ 7 case 7:case _
4 correct correct ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod 7:amod Entity=(92-abstract-new-cf5-4-sgl
5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | There are three general types of lighting that are widely used in the household nowadays: the (light-emitting diode) LED bulb, (compact fluorescent light) CFL bulb and the incandescent bulb. | 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl 2:expl Discourse=organization-preparation:54->56:2
2 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
3 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nummod 5:nummod Entity=(95-object-new-cf1-3-coref
4 general general ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 am... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | But each of them has their perks and perils [3]. | 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 5 cc 5:cc Discourse=evaluation-comment:61->56:1
2 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 5 nsubj 5:nsubj Bridge=96<100|Entity=(100-object-acc:inf-cf2-1-coref
3 of of ADP IN _ 4 case 4:case _
4 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod 2:nmod:of Entity=(95-object-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Unfortunately, most of the time, people in the residential end up choosing a lamp based on it is price rather than its efficiency and this cause us to pay for our lighting more than necessary. | 1 Unfortunately unfortunately ADV RB Degree=Pos|Polarity=Neg 12 advmod 12:advmod Discourse=causal-cause:63->65:0|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 12 obl:tmod 12:obl:tmod _
4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case 6:case _
5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det 6:det _
6 time time ... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Today, CFLs are the most used lighting sources in the household. | 1 Today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl:tmod 9:obl:tmod Discourse=elaboration-additional:66->56:3|Entity=(17-time-giv:inact-cf3-1-coref)|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 CFLs CFL NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj 9:nsubj Entity=(98-object-giv:inact-cf1-1-coref)
4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Using CFLs will allow people to decrease their energy consumption; also it is a good start to decrease greenhouse emissions. | 1 Using use VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 csubj 4:csubj Discourse=evaluation-comment:67->66:0|Entity=(110-event-new-cf1-1-disc
2 CFLs CFL NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obj 1:obj Entity=(98-object-giv:act-cf3*-1-coref)110)
3 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux 4:aux _
4 allow allow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root 0:root _
5 people perso... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | However, the main problem of CFLs is the mercury they contain. | 1 However however ADV RB _ 10 advmod 10:advmod Discourse=context-background:70->75:3|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det 5:det Entity=(35-substance-giv:inact-cf2-3-coref
4 main main ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod 5:amod _
5 problem problem NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 ns... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | When products and wastes containing mercury are improperly disposed of, mercury is released into the air, ground or water. | 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 9 advmod 9:advmod Discourse=contingency-condition:72->75:1
2 products product NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj:pass 9:nsubj:pass Entity=(114-object-new-cf2-1,3-sgl
3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc 4:cc _
4 wastes waste NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj 2:conj:and|9:nsubj:pass Entity=(115-substance-new-c... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | It is persistent in the environment; it never breaks down nor goes away. | 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj 3:nsubj Discourse=elaboration-additional:76->75:0|Entity=(116-substance-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana)
2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop 3:cop _
3 persistent persistent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root 0:root _
4 in i... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In addition to the harmful effects of mercury is that it emits Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation. | 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case 2:case Discourse=joint-other_m:79->75:2
2 addition addition NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root 0:root _
3 to to ADP IN _ 6 case 6:case _
4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det 5:det Entity=(36-abstract-giv:inact-cf3-3-coref
5 harmful harmful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod 6:amod _
6 effects effect N... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | This UV radiation interacts with the chemicals on the inside of the bulb to generate light. | 1 This this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det 3:det Discourse=context-background:82->79:2|Entity=(38-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-3-coref
2 UV UV ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod 3:amod _
3 radiation radiation NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj 4:nsubj Entity=38)
4 interacts interact VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Ver... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The acute and chronic effects are the normal responses of the skin to UVR; acute reactions considered will be erythema (sunburn) and vitamin D production. | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det 5:det Discourse=causal-result:84->79:3|Entity=(123-abstract-new-cf1-5-coref
2 acute acute ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod 5:amod _
3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc 4:cc _
4 chronic chronic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 conj 2:conj:and|5:amod _
5 effects effect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj 9:nsu... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Skin aging and skin cancer will be discussed as those reactions produced by prolonged or repeated UVR exposure [4]. | 1 Skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound 2:compound Discourse=joint-other_m:90->85:2|Entity=(130-abstract-new-cf1-2,5-coref(131-abstract-new-cf4-2-sgl(124-object-giv:act-cf2*-1-coref)
2 aging aging NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj:pass 8:nsubj:pass Entity=131)
3 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc 5:cc _
4 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Si... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In response to the aforementioned situation where the three types of lights are compared by their efficiency and effectiveness as light sources, the proponents conducted this study. | 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case 2:case Discourse=causal-result:93->52:3
2 response response NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl 26:obl:in _
3 to to ADP IN _ 6 case 6:case _
4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det 6:det Entity=(104-event-giv:inact-cf4-3-coref
5 aforementioned aforementioned ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod 6:amod _
6 s... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Since the CFLs are the most commonly used light bulbs in the residential and has a great compatibility to LED in terms of design and materials, the proponents conducted a study about innovating and recycling CFL into a more efficient and environment friendly LED light bulb. | 1 Since since SCONJ IN _ 10 mark 10:mark Discourse=explanation-justify:96->98:1
2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det Entity=(98-object-giv:inact-cf3-2-coref
3 CFLs CFL NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj 10:nsubj|15:nsubj Entity=98)
4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 c... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Design of Mutation Operators for Testing Geographic Information Systems | 1 Design design NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Discourse=organization-heading:1->6:7|Entity=(1-abstract-new-cf2-1-sgl
2 of of ADP IN _ 4 case 4:case _
3 Mutation mutation NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound 4:compound Entity=(2-abstract-new-cf3-2-sgl(3-abstract-new-cf4-1-sgl)
4 Operators operator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 n... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Suilen H. Alvarado Laboratorio de Bases de Datos Campus de Elviña, Centro de investigación CITIC, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; s.hernandez@udc.es | 1 Suilen Suilen PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Discourse=attribution-positive:3->6:6|Entity=(5-person-new-cf1-1,2,3-coref
2 H. H. PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat 1:flat _
3 Alvarado Alvarado PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat 1:flat Entity=5)
4 Laboratorio Laboratorio PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 list 1:list Entity=(6-organizat... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Presented at the 2nd XoveTIC Congress, A Coruña, Spain, 5–6 September 2019. | 1 Presented present VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root 0:root Discourse=context-circumstance:4->6:5
2 at at ADP IN _ 6 case 6:case _
3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det 6:det Entity=(13-organization-new-cf3-3,4-sgl
4 2nd 2nd ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord 6 amod 6:amod _
5 XoveTIC XoveTIC PROPN NNP Nu... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Abstract: | 1 Abstract abstract NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Discourse=organization-heading:5->6:3|Entity=(18-abstract-new-cf1-1-sgl)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<hi rend:::"bold">
2 : : PUNCT : _ 1 punct 1:punct XML=</hi>
| Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In this article, we propose the definition of specific mutation operators for testing Geographic Information Systems. | 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case 3:case Discourse=ROOT:6:0
2 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det 3:det Entity=(19-abstract-acc:com-cf3-2-coref
3 article article NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl 6:obl:in Entity=19)|SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct 3:punct _
5 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 ... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | We describe the process for applying the operators and generating mutants, and present a case study where these mutation operators are applied to two real-world applications. | 1 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj 2:nsubj|14:nsubj Discourse=elaboration-additional:8->6:1|Entity=(5-person-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana)
2 describe describe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det 4:det Enti... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Keywords: mutation operators; geographic information systems; mutation testing | 1 Keywords keyword NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj 4:nsubj Discourse=organization-heading:13->14:0|Entity=(28-abstract-new-cf1-1-coref)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<hi rend:::"bold">
2 : : PUNCT : _ 1 punct 1:punct XML=</hi>
3 mutation mutation NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound 4:compound Discourse=restatement-partial:14->6:2|Entity=(... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | 1. Introduction | 1 1. 1. X LS _ 2 dep 2:dep Discourse=organization-heading:15->31:6
2 Introduction introduction NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Entity=(30-abstract-new-cf1-1-sgl)
| Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Mutation-based testing [1] is a test technique that involves artificially introducing errors into a System Under Test (SUT). | 1 Mutation mutation NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound 3:compound Discourse=context-background:16->31:5|Entity=(29-abstract-giv:inact-cf1-4-coref|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<w>
2 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 1 punct 1:punct SpaceAfter=No
3 based base VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 amod 4:amod XML=</w>
4 testing testing NOUN NN Number=Sing... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | A mutant is a copy of the system in which a change has been done that, in most cases, will lead to a behaviour different than expected. | 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det 2:det Discourse=context-background:21->16:3|Entity=(34-abstract-new-cf2-2-coref
2 mutant mutant NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj 5:nsubj Entity=34)
3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop 5:cop _
4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det 5:d... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The different mutants are generated automatically by the application of mutation operators. | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det Bridge=34<38|Discourse=elaboration-additional:25->21:1|Entity=(38-abstract-acc:inf-cf3-3-sgl
2 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod 3:amod _
3 mutants mutant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass 5:nsubj:pass Entity=38)
4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Per... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In the state of the art, we have found mutation operators, both general purpose and specific to different technologies, languages and paradigms [2–9]. | 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case 3:case Discourse=adversative-concession:26->28:1
2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det Entity=(40-abstract-new-cf4-2-sgl
3 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl 10:obl:in _
4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case 6:case _
5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det 6:det _
6 art art NOUN ... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | However, these operators are not adequate when trying to test software features associated with specific domains. | 1 However however ADV RB _ 7 advmod 7:advmod Discourse=explanation-justify:28->31:4|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 4 det 4:det Entity=(41-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
4 operators operator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj 7:nsubj Entity=41)
5 are be AUX VBP Mood... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In this article, we propose mutation operators specific to the domain of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications. | 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case 3:case Discourse=elaboration-additional:31->6:4
2 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det 3:det Entity=(19-abstract-giv:inact-cf4-2-coref
3 article article NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl 6:obl:in Entity=19)|SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct 3:punct _
5 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | These operators reproduce programming errors that are litely to occur during the development of this type of applications. | 1 These this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 2 det 2:det Discourse=elaboration-additional:34->31:2|Entity=(20-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
2 operators operator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj 3:nsubj Entity=20)
3 reproduce reproduce VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
4 programm... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In addition, we present the implementation of these operators and as proof of concept we apply these operators to two real-world GIS applications and we generate the mutants. | 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case 2:case Discourse=joint-list_m:36->31:3
2 addition addition NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl 5:obl:in SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct 2:punct _
4 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj 5:nsubj Entity=(5-person-giv:inact-cf1-1-ana)
5 present present VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Numb... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | 2. Mutation Operators for GIS | 1 2. 2. X LS _ 3 dep 3:dep Discourse=organization-heading:39->46:4
2 Mutation Mutation PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound 3:compound Entity=(20-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-1,2,4-coref(22-abstract-giv:inact-cf3-1-coref)
3 Operators Operator PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 0 root 0:root _
4 for for ADP IN _ 5 case 5:case _
5 GIS GIS PROP... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | As a previous step to designing the mutation operators, we analyzed the main technologies used specifically in the development of GIS, and we identified typical errors a programmer can introduce during the development. | 1 As as ADP IN _ 4 case 4:case Discourse=context-background:40->46:0
2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det 4:det Entity=(58-event-new-cf9-3-sgl
3 previous previous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod 4:amod _
4 step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl 12:obl:as _
5 to to SCONJ IN _ 6 mark 6:mark Discourse=elaboration-attribute... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | These errors were formalized into mutation operators. | 1 These this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 2 det 2:det Discourse=joint-other_m:46->31:7|Entity=(60-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
2 errors error NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass 4:nsubj:pass Entity=60)
3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass 4:aux:pass _
4 formalized formali... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In order to apply these operators to a SUT, we rely on Java reflection and aspect-oriented programming. | 1 In in SCONJ IN _ 4 mark 4:mark Discourse=purpose-goal:47->48:0
2 order order NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 fixed 1:fixed _
3 to to PART TO _ 4 mark 4:mark _
4 apply apply VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 advcl 12:advcl:in_order_to _
5 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 6 det 6:det Entity=(28-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
6 op... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Reflection allows us to obtain the list of classes and methods of the SUT, so the user can decide the methods to wish the operators will be applied. | 1 Reflection reflection NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj 2:nsubj Discourse=explanation-justify:49->48:1|Entity=(63-abstract-giv:act-cf2-1-coref)
2 allows allow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
3 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 obj 2:obj|5:nsubj:xsubj ... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Later, we capture information about the methods of the SUT to be mutated, together with the information of the mutation operators that were already defined. | 1 Later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 4 advmod 4:advmod Discourse=joint-sequence_m:52->46:2|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj 4:nsubj Entity=(5-person-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana)
4 capture capture VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbF... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | From these data, we generate the mutation operator, in the form of on aspect, which will then be possible to interweave with the SUT which generates a mutant of the SUT. | 1 From from ADP IN _ 3 case 3:case Discourse=joint-sequence_m:55->46:2
2 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 3 det 3:det Entity=(71-abstract-giv:act-cf2-2-coref
3 data datum NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl 6:obl:from Entity=71)|SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct 3:punct _
5 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Pers... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Next, we describe the definition of two operators and two cases of application on real-world GIS applications. | 1 Next next ADV RB Degree=Pos 4 advmod 4:advmod Discourse=elaboration-additional:58->46:3|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj 4:nsubj Entity=(5-person-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana)
4 describe describe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | ChangeCoordSys Operator (Listing 1): | 1 ChangeCoordSys ChangeCoordSys PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound 2:compound Bridge=78<82|Discourse=organization-preparation:59->61:5|Entity=(82-abstract-acc:inf-cf1-1,2-coref|XML=<hi rend:::"bold">
2 Operator Operator PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Entity=82)
3 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 4 punct 4:punct Discourse=restateme... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | It exchanges the coordinate system of a geometry, so it does not match the coordinate system that is being used in the user interface. | 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj 2:nsubj Discourse=elaboration-additional:61->58:0|Entity=(82-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana)
2 exchanges exchange VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det 5... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | It simulates the error of not checking that the coordinate system is correct. | 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj 2:nsubj Discourse=purpose-goal:64->61:1|Entity=(82-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana)
2 simulates simulate VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det 4:det Entit... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The error is introduced by directly modifying the coordinate system of geometry when recovering the wrapping of the figure. | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det 2:det Discourse=elaboration-additional:66->61:2|Entity=(88-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
2 error error NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass 4:nsubj:pass Entity=88)
3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass 4:aux:pass _
4 introduced intr... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Listing 1: A simplified definition of the ChangeCoordSys Operator. | 1 Listing Listing PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Discourse=organization-heading:69->70:0|Entity=(83-abstract-giv:inact-cf1-1-coref
2 1 1 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 1 dep 1:dep Entity=83)|SpaceAfter=No
3 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct 6:punct _
4 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det 6:det Discourse=elaboration-... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | This operator was applied to a mobile technology GIS application. | 1 This this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 det 2:det Discourse=context-background:71->76:1|Entity=(82-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
2 operator operator NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass 4:nsubj:pass Entity=82)
3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass 4:aux:pass _
4 applied app... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | This application allows registering places of interest for the user. | 1 This this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 det 2:det Discourse=elaboration-additional:72->71:0|Entity=(91-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
2 application application NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj 3:nsubj|4:nsubj:xsubj Entity=91)
3 allows allow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | These areas of interest are called Geofences. | 1 These this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 2 det 2:det Discourse=elaboration-additional:73->72:0|Entity=(93-place-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
2 areas area NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj:pass 6:nsubj:pass|7:nsubj:xsubj _
3 of of ADP IN _ 4 case 4:case _
4 interest interest NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod 2:nmod:of Entity=93)
5 are ... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | A Geofence is determined by a geographical location expressed in terms of latitude, longitude, and a radius around that location. | 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det 2:det Discourse=elaboration-additional:74->73:0|Entity=(96-place-new-cf2-2-sgl
2 Geofence geofence NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass 4:nsubj:pass Entity=96)
3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass 4:aux:pass _
4 determined determine VE... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | By creating a Geofence with an erroneous location from its central location, the device will receive incorrect location notifications. | 1 By by SCONJ IN _ 2 mark 2:mark Discourse=elaboration-additional:76->61:4
2 creating create VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 17 advcl 17:advcl:by _
3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det 4:det Entity=(102-abstract-new-cf2-2-sgl
4 Geofence geofence NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj 2:obj _
5 with with ADP IN _ 8 case 8:case _
6 an ... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | As a result, the user will see in the application’s map viewer the Geofences drawn in erroneous zones (Figure 1). | 1 As as ADP IN _ 3 case 3:case Discourse=causal-result:78->76:2
2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det _
3 result result NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl 8:obl:as SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct 3:punct _
5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det 6:det Entity=(94-person-giv:inact-cf1-2-coref
6 user us... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Figure 1. Original and mutant application. | 1 Figure Figure PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Discourse=organization-heading:80->81:0|Entity=(112-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-1-coref|XML=<hi rend:::"bold">
2 1 1 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 1 dep 1:dep Entity=112)|SpaceAfter=No
3 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct 1:punct XML=</hi>
4 Original original ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 1 app... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | BooleanPolygonConstraint Operator (Listing 2): | 1 BooleanPolygonConstraint BooleanPolygonConstraint PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound 2:compound Bridge=78<115|Discourse=organization-preparation:82->84:3|Entity=(115-abstract-acc:inf-cf1-1,2-coref|XML=<hi rend:::"bold">
2 Operator Operator PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Entity=115)
3 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 4 punct 4:pu... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | It introduces errors in the processing of geometries, manipulating the result of the operations that carry out the verification of different topological restrictions between geometries, such as intersects, covers or overlap. | 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj 2:nsubj Discourse=joint-other_m:84->61:6|Entity=(115-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana)
2 introduces introduce VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
3 errors error NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj 2:obj Entity=(... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Listing 2: A simplified definition of the BooleanPolygonConstraint Operator. | 1 Listing Listing PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Discourse=organization-heading:87->88:0|Entity=(116-abstract-giv:inact-cf2-1-coref
2 2 2 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 1 dep 1:dep Entity=116)|SpaceAfter=No
3 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct 6:punct _
4 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det 6:det Discourse=elaboratio... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | To test this operator it was applied to a land reparcelling system. | 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark 2:mark Discourse=purpose-goal:89->90:1
2 test test VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 advcl 7:advcl:to _
3 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 det 4:det Entity=(115-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
4 operator operator NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj 2:obj Entity=115)
5 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Nu... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The objective of the land reparcelling is to reunify the lands of an owner to facilitate their exploitation. | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det 2:det Discourse=elaboration-additional:91->90:0|Entity=(130-abstract-new-cf4-2-sgl
2 objective objective NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:outer 9:nsubj:outer _
3 of of ADP IN _ 6 case 6:case _
4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det 6:det Entity=(128-event-giv:act-cf... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In this application, the result of the operation between two polygons has been affected. | 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case 3:case Discourse=organization-preparation:93->94:3
2 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det 3:det Entity=(127-abstract-giv:inact-cf1-2-coref
3 application application NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl 15:obl:in Entity=127)|SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct 3:punct _
5 the the DET DT Defini... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | This error causes the incorrect display of the resulting geometry that should be drawn in the user interface after the operation applied to the two initial geometries (Figure 2). | 1 This this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 det 2:det Discourse=joint-other_m:94->84:2|Entity=(134-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
2 error error NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj 3:nsubj Entity=134)
3 causes cause VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|Pro... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Figure 2. Original and mutant application. | 1 Figure Figure PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Discourse=organization-heading:98->99:0|Entity=(141-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-1-coref|XML=<hi rend:::"bold">
2 2 2 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 1 dep 1:dep Entity=141)|SpaceAfter=No
3 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct 1:punct XML=</hi>
4 Original original ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 1 app... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | 3. Conclusions | 1 3. 3. X LS _ 2 dep 2:dep Discourse=organization-heading:100->104:4
2 Conclusions conclusion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root 0:root Entity=(144-abstract-new-cf1-1-sgl)
| Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In existing proposals, we can find both generic and specific mutation operators. | 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case 3:case Discourse=adversative-antithesis:101->102:1
2 existing exist VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 amod 3:amod Entity=(145-abstract-new-cf4-2-sgl
3 proposals proposal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl 7:obl:in Entity=145)|SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct 3:punct _
5 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Pe... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | However, these are not adequate to cover errors in particular domains. | 1 However however ADV RB _ 6 advmod 6:advmod Discourse=explanation-justify:102->104:1|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 6 nsubj 6:nsubj Entity=(147-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana)
4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop 6:cop ... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | We have defined new operators specific to the GIS domain and a way to apply them to a SUT. | 1 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj 3:nsubj Discourse=joint-other_m:104->31:7|Entity=(146-person-giv:inact-cf2-1-ana)
2 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux 3:aux _
3 defined define VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root 0:root Entity=(150-abstr... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In addition, we have tested the operators defined in two GIS applications. | 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case 2:case Discourse=joint-list_m:106->104:2
2 addition addition NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl 6:obl:in SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct 2:punct _
4 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj 6:nsubj Entity=(146-person-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana)
5 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=P... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | As future work, we intend to extend this approach to other domains, as well as to use the developed operators for the automatic improvement of sets of test cases. | 1 As as ADP IN _ 3 case 3:case Discourse=joint-other_m:108->104:3
2 future future ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod 3:amod _
3 work work NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl 6:obl:as SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct 3:punct _
5 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj 6:nsubj|8:nsubj:xsubj|19:nsubj:xsubj Enti... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Replication in Second Language Research: | 1 Replication replication NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Discourse=organization-heading:1->73:5|Entity=(1-abstract-new-cf1-1-coref
2 in in ADP IN _ 5 case 5:case _
3 Second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord 4 amod 4:amod Entity=(2-abstract-new-cf2-3-coref(3-abstract-new-cf3-2-coref-Second_language
4 Language lang... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Narrative and Systematic Reviews and Recommendations for the Field | 1 Narrative narrative ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod 4:amod Discourse=elaboration-additional:2->1:0|Entity=(4-abstract-new-cf2-4-coref
2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc 3:cc _
3 Systematic systematic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 1 conj 1:conj:and|4:amod _
4 Reviews review NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root 0:root Entity=4)
5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc 6... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Replication studies are considered by many to play a fundamental role in any scientific endeavor. | 1 Replication replication NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound 2:compound Discourse=context-background:3->73:4|Entity=(6-abstract-new-cf1-2-coref(7-abstract-new-cf5-1-coref)
2 studies study NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass 4:nsubj:pass|8:nsubj:xsubj Entity=6)
3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbFor... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | When using the same materials and procedures as a previous study, replication studies serve to test the reliability of the previous study’s findings. | 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 2 advmod 2:advmod Discourse=contingency-condition:4->5:0
2 using use VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 15 advcl 15:advcl:when _
3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det 5:det Entity=(11-abstract-new-cf4-3,5-sgl
4 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod 5:amod _
5 materials material NOUN NNS Numb... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | When altering specific methodological or participant characteristics of a previous study, they serve to test generalizability of the earlier findings under different conditions. | 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 2 advmod 2:advmod Discourse=contingency-condition:6->7:0
2 altering alter VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 advcl 14:advcl:when _
3 specific specific ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod 7:amod Entity=(15-abstract-new-cf6-9-sgl
4 methodological methodological ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod 7:amod _
5 or or CCONJ ... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | One indication of the importance of replication is found in the 50 or more calls for replication research in the field of second language (L2) research alone (see references for 50 calls and commentaries in Appendix S1 in the Supporting Information online): from Santos (1989) through Polio and Gass 1997 to very recent ... | 1 One one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 2 nummod 2:nummod Discourse=explanation-evidence:8->3:1|Entity=(19-abstract-new-cf6-2-sgl
2 indication indication NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass 9:nsubj:pass _
3 of of ADP IN _ 5 case 5:case _
4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det 5:det Entity=(20-abstract-new-cf8... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Beyond these calls, efforts to actively promote and facilitate replication studies have also emerged. | 1 Beyond beyond ADP IN _ 3 nmod 3:nmod Discourse=joint-list_m:14->8:4
2 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 3 det 3:det Entity=(21-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
3 calls call NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl 15:obl Entity=21)|SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct 3:punct _
5 efforts effort NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsub... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | For example, the Instruments for Research into Second Languages (IRIS) repository (http://www.irisdatabase.org) was established in 2011 and holds, at the time of writing, over 3,800 materials that can be used for replication, among other purposes, in L2 research (Marsden & Mackey, 2014; Marsden, Mackey, & Plonsky, 2016... | 1 For for ADP IN _ 2 case 2:case Discourse=elaboration-additional:17->14:2
2 example example NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl 19:obl:for SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct 2:punct _
4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det 14:det Entity=(44-abstract-new-cf4-4,6,7,9,11-coref
5 Instruments Instrument PROPN NNPS Num... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The Open Science Framework (https://osf.io), also established in 2011, provides a web infrastructure to facilitate collaboration and has been used for large replication efforts in psychology (e.g., Open Science Collaboration, 2015), which continue to make waves in academia (Laws, 2016; Lindsay, 2015; Martin & Clarke, 2... | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det 4:det Discourse=joint-list_m:25->17:6|Entity=(57-abstract-new-cf1-2,3,4,6-coref
2 Open Open ADJ NNP Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 3 amod 3:amod _
3 Science Science PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound 4:compound _
4 Framework Framework PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nsubj 14:nsubj|24:nsu... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In some fields, a flourishing metascience, that is, the scientific study of science (see Munafò et al., 2017), has included syntheses assessing the quantity and nature of replication efforts, for example, in education (Makel & Plucker, 2014 and in psychology (Makel et al., 2012). | 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case 3:case Discourse=joint-other_m:36->17:7
2 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 3 det 3:det Entity=(80-abstract-new-cf15-2-sgl
3 fields field NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl 27:obl:in Entity=80)|SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct 3:punct _
5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det 7:det Entity=(81-abs... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The driving force behind this battery of calls, commentaries, infrastructure, and metascience is a perceived crisis in the state of replication research. | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det Discourse=causal-cause:44->8:5|Entity=(95-abstract-new-cf2-3-coref
2 driving driving ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod 3:amod _
3 force force NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj 19:nsubj _
4 behind behind ADP IN _ 6 case 6:case _
5 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 6 det 6... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The severe concerns underpinning the alleged crisis have several dimensions relating to: (a) the (small) amount of published replication research; (b) the (poor) quality of replication research; and (c) the (lack of) reproducibility, which refers to the extent to which findings can (not) be reproduced in replication at... | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det Discourse=elaboration-additional:45->44:0|Entity=(99-abstract-new-cf9-3-coref
2 severe severe ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod 3:amod _
3 concerns concern NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj 8:nsubj _
4 underpinning underpin VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 acl 3:acl Discourse=elaboration... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | These concerns speak to the very core of science, raising fundamental questions about the validity and reliability of our work. | 1 These this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 2 det 2:det Discourse=evaluation-comment:53->45:2|Entity=(99-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-2-coref
2 concerns concern NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj 3:nsubj Entity=99)
3 speak speak VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
4 to to ADP IN _ 7 case ... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Indeed, some commentators have called replication the “gold standard” of research evidence (Jasny, Chin, Chong, & Vignieri, 2011, p. 1225) and a “linchpin of the scientific process” (Let’s replicate, 2006, p. 330). | 1 Indeed indeed ADV RB Degree=Pos 6 advmod 6:advmod Discourse=adversative-antithesis:55->44:1|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 4 det 4:det Entity=(111-person-new-cf3-2-sgl
4 commentators commentator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj 6:nsubj Entity=111)
5 have have AUX VBP Mood=... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | In the field of L2 research, given the importance of replication and the 50 calls for replication in L2 research that we identified, one might expect a substantial number of published replication studies by now. | 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case 3:case Discourse=adversative-concession:59->67:3
2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det Entity=(2-abstract-giv:inact-cf2-2-coref
3 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl 28:obl:in _
4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case 6:case _
5 L2 L2 NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound 6:compound Entity=(3-abstr... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | However, a perceived lack of prestige, excitement, and originality of replication plagues L2 research (Porte, 2012), as it does other disciplines (Berez-Kroeker et al., 2017; Branco, Cohen, Vossen, Ide, & Calzolari, 2017; Chambers, 2017; Schmidt, 2009), and these perceptions are thought to have caused, at least in part... | 1 However however ADV RB _ 15 advmod 15:advmod Discourse=adversative-antithesis:63->67:2|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det 5:det Entity=(128-abstract-new-cf1-3-coref
4 perceived perceive VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 amod 5:amod _
5 lack lack NOUN NN Numb... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | However, a systematic metascience on replication research has not yet been established in the field of L2 research, leaving a poor understanding of the actual number and nature of replication studies that have been published. | 1 However however ADV RB _ 13 advmod 13:advmod Discourse=adversative-contrast_m:70->67:4|Entity=(148-abstract-new-cf9-13-disc|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det 5:det Entity=(149-abstract-new-cf6-3-sgl
4 systematic systematic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod 5:amod _
5 ... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The current study begins to address this gap through narrative and systematic reviews. | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det Discourse=ROOT:73:0|Entity=(152-abstract-new-cf3-3-sgl
2 current current ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod 3:amod _
3 study study NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj 4:nsubj|6:nsubj:xsubj Entity=152)
4 begins begin VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 ro... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The narrative review considers challenges in replication research and is largely informed by commentaries and metascience from psychology, given that the cognitive and social subdomains of psychology are highly influential in L2 research, and also from education, another key sister discipline. | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det Bridge=4<153|Discourse=elaboration-additional:74->73:0|Entity=(153-abstract-acc:inf-cf8-3-coref
2 narrative narrative ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod 3:amod _
3 review review NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj 4:nsubj|12:nsubj Entity=153)
4 considers consider VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|N... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The narrative review is organized around four broad themes: (a) the quantity of replication research, (b) the nature of replication research, (c) the relationship between initial and replication studies, and (d) the interpretation and extent of reproducibility of the findings of initial studies. | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det Discourse=elaboration-additional:78->74:1|Entity=(153-abstract-giv:act-cf1*-3-coref
2 narrative narrative ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod 3:amod _
3 review review NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj:pass 5:nsubj:pass Entity=153)
4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | To gain insight into these issues in the context of L2 research, the systematic review provides a synthesis of L2 studies in journal articles that self-labeled as replications. | 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark 2:mark Discourse=purpose-goal:80->81:1
2 gain gain VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 advcl 17:advcl:to _
3 insight insight NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj 2:obj Entity=(165-abstract-new-cf6-1-sgl
4 into into ADP IN _ 6 case 6:case _
5 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 6 det 6:det Entity=(157-abstract-... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | The research questions and methods of the systematic review were largely determined by the narrative review but also emerged through the design and piloting of the coding instrument. | 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det Discourse=elaboration-additional:83->81:2|Entity=(171-abstract-new-cf3-3,5-sgl
2 research research NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound 3:compound _
3 questions question NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj:pass 12:nsubj:pass|19:nsubj:pass _
4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc 5:cc _
5 m... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Finally, we offer further discussion and 16 recommendations for future replication work that draw on our narrative and systematic reviews and on our experience of carrying out multisite (Morgan-Short et al., 2018) 1 and single site (Faretta-Stutenberg & Morgan-Short, 2011; Marsden, Williams, & Liu, 2013; McManus & Mars... | 1 Finally finally ADV RB Degree=Pos 4 advmod 4:advmod Discourse=joint-other_m:85->74:2|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj 4:nsubj Entity=(110-person-giv:inact-cf1-1-ana)
4 offer offer VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbF... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | We start from the widely agreed premise that testing the reproducibility of findings should have an essential role in the testing and refinement of theory, at least for hypothesis-testing epistemologies that seek to ascertain generalizability and for other epistemologies in which constructs are deemed to be definable a... | 1 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj 2:nsubj Discourse=elaboration-additional:92->73:1|Entity=(110-person-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana)
2 start start VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
3 from from ADP IN _ 7 case 7:case _
4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|Pro... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Thus, our overall aim is to provide conceptual clarification and an empirical base for future discussion and production of replication studies, with a view to improving the amount and quality of L2 replication research. | 1 Thus thus ADV RB _ 8 advmod 8:advmod Discourse=purpose-goal:97->73:2|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct 1:punct _
3 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss 5:nmod:poss Entity=(203-abstract-new-cf5-3-sgl(110-person-giv:act-cf1*-1-ana)
4 overall overall ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 a... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | 1. Introduction | 1 1. 1. X LS _ 2 dep 2:dep Discourse=organization-heading:1->43:6
2 Introduction introduction NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root 0:root Entity=(1-abstract-new-cf1-1-sgl)
| Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Salinity is one of the most important marine parameters, which controls many processes such as physical circulations, biogeochemistry dynamics from regional to global ocean [1,2]. | 1 Salinity salinity NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj 3:nsubj Discourse=context-background:2->43:5|Entity=(2-abstract-new-cf1-1-coref)
2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop 3:cop _
3 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 0 root 0:root|12:nsubj Entity=(2-abstract-giv:act-cf1-1-coref
4 ... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
English | Although drifters and buoys, together with cruises, have accumulated large amount in-situ water salinity data in different regions, it is still difficult to monitor global ocean salinity with high temporal-spatial resolution by the in situ measurements. | 1 Although although SCONJ IN _ 11 mark 11:mark Discourse=adversative-concession:5->6:0
2 drifters drifter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj 11:nsubj Entity=(11-object-new-cf2-1-sgl)
3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc 4:cc _
4 buoys buoy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj 2:conj:and|11:nsubj Entity=(12-object-new-cf6-1-sgl)|SpaceAfter=No
5... | Annotate syntax and morphology of the text in CONLLU format |
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