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0 | I (Legislativ e acts) REGUL ATIONS REGUL ATION (EU) 2016/679 OF THE EUR OPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 Apr il 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directiv e 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) ... | Passage 0 | [
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1 | After transmission of the draf t legislative act to the national parliaments, Having regar d to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committ ee (1), Having regar d to the opinion of the Committ ee of the Regions (2), Acting in accordance with the ordinar y legislative procedure (3), Whereas: (1) The protecti... | Passage 1 | [
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2 | provide that ever yone has the right to the prot ection of personal data concer ning him or her. (2) The principles of, and rules on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of their personal data should, whate ver their nationality or residence, respect their fundamental rights and freedoms, in ... | Passage 2 | [
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3 | ence of the economies within the internal mark et, and to the well-being of natural persons. (3) Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (4) seeks to harmonise the prot ection of fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons in respect of processing activities and to ensure the free flow o... | Passage 3 | [
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4 | nal) and position of the Council at first reading of 8 Apr il 2016 (not yet published in the Offi cial Jour nal). Position of the European Parliament of 14 Apr il 2016. (4)Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing o... | Passage 4 | [
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5 | ; it must be considered in relation to its function in society and be balanced against other fundamental rights, in accordance with the principle of propor tionality . This Regulation respects all fundamental rights and obser ves the freedoms and principles recognised in the Char ter as enshr ined in the Treaties, in p... | Passage 5 | [
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6 | linguistic diversity . (5) The economic and social integration resulting from the functioning of the intern al mark et has led to a substantial increase in cross-border flows of personal data. The exchange of personal data between public and private actor s, including natural persons, associations and under takings acr... | Passage 6 | [
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7 | Rapid technological developments and globalisation have brought new challenges for the protection of personal data. The scale of the collection and shar ing of personal data has increased signif icantly . Techn ology allows both private companies and public author ities to mak e use of personal data on an unprecedented... | Passage 7 | [
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8 | third countr ies and international orga nisations, while ensur ing a high level of the protection of personal data. (7) Those developments require a strong and more coherent data prot ection framew ork in the Union, back ed by strong enforcement, given the impor tance of creating the trust that will allow the digital e... | Passage 8 | [
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9 | ictions of its rules by Member State law, Member States may, as far as necessar y for coherence and for making the national provisions compreh ensible to the persons to whom they apply , incor porate elements of this Regulation into their national law. (9) The objectives and principles of Directive 95/46/EC remain soun... | Passage 9 | [
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10 | Differences in the level of prote ction of the rights and freedoms of natural persons, in particular the right to the prot ection of personal data, with regard to the processing of personal data in the Member States may prevent the free flow of personal data throughout the Union. Those diffe rences may theref ore const... | Passage 10 | [
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11 | ce of differ ences in the implementation and application of Directive 95/46/EC. (10) In order to ensure a consistent and high level of prot ection of natural persons and to remo ve the obstacles to flows of personal data within the Union, the level of prot ection of the rights and freedoms of natural persons with regar... | Passage 11 | [
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12 | data should be ensured throughout the Union. Regarding the processing of personal data for compl iance with a legal oblig ation, for the performa nce of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exer cise of offici al author ity vested in the controller , Member States should be allowed to maintain or introdu... | Passage 12 | [
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13 | provisions. This Regulation also provides a margin of manoeuvre for Member States to specify its rules, including for the processing of special categor ies of personal data (‘sensitive data’). To that exte nt, this Regulation does not excl ude Member State law that sets out the circumstances for specifi c processing si... | Passage 13 | [
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14 | data subjects and the oblig ations of those who process and determine the processing of personal data, as well as equivalent powers for monitori ng and ensur ing compl iance with the rules for the prote ction of personal data and equivalent sanctions for infringements in the Member States. (12) Article 16(2) TFEU manda... | Passage 14 | [
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15 | of protection for natural persons throughout the Union and to prevent diverg ences hamp ering the free movement of personal data within the internal mark et, a Regulation is necessar y to provide legal certainty and transparency for economic operat ors, including micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, and to provid... | Passage 15 | [
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16 | author ities of diffe rent Member States. The proper functioning of the internal mark et requires that the free movement of personal data within the Union is not restr icted or prohibit ed for reasons connecte d with the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data. To take account of th... | Passage 16 | [
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17 | are encourag ed to take account of the specifi c needs of micro, small and medium-sized enterpr ises in the application of this Regulation. The notion of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises should draw from Article 2 of the Annex to Commission Recommendation 2003/361/EC (1). (14) The protection afforded by this R... | Passage 17 | [
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18 | and the form of the legal person and the contact details of the legal person. (15) In order to prevent creating a serious risk of circumvention, the prote ction of natural persons should be technolo gically neutral and should not depend on the techniques used. The prot ection of natural persons should apply to the pr... | Passage 18 | [
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19 | not structured according to specifi c criteria should not fall within the scope of this Regulation. (16) This Regulation does not apply to issues of prot ection of fundamental rights and freedoms or the free flow of personal data relat ed to activities whic h fall outside the scope of Union law, such as activities conc... | Passage 19 | [
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20 | Parliament and of the Council (2) applies to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies. Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 and other Union legal acts applicable to such processing of personal data should be adapt ed to the principles and rules established in this Regulation and app... | Passage 20 | [
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21 | time as this Regulation. (18) This Regulation does not apply to the processing of personal data by a natural person in the course of a purely personal or household activity and thus with no connection to a professional or commercial activity . Personal or 4.5.2016 L 119/3 Official Jour nal of the European Union EN (1)C... | Passage 21 | [
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22 | of individuals with regar d to the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data (OJ L 8, 12.1.2001, p. 1). household activities could include correspondence and the holding of addresses, or social netw orking and online activity under taken within the cont e... | Passage 22 | [
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23 | ities for the purposes of the prevention, investig ation, detec tion or prosecution of criminal offences or the executi on of criminal penalties, including the safeg uarding against and the prevention of threats to public secur ity and the free movement of such data, is the subject of a specific Union legal act. This R... | Passage 23 | [
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24 | Parliament and of the Council (1). Member States may entr ust compet ent author ities within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2016/680 with tasks which are not necessar ily carried out for the purposes of the prevention, inve stigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the executi on of criminal penalties,... | Passage 24 | [
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25 | personal data by those compet ent author ities for purposes falling within scope of this Regulation, Member States should be able to maintain or introduce more specifi c provisions to adapt the application of the rules of this Regulation. Such provisions may determine more precisely specific requirements for the proces... | Passage 25 | [
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26 | possibility for Member States under specifi c conditions to restr ict by law certain oblig ations and rights when such a restr iction constitute s a necessar y and propor tionat e measure in a democratic society to safeg uard specific important interests including public secur ity and the prevention, investigation, det... | Passage 26 | [
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27 | inter alia, to the activities of cour ts and other judicial author ities, Union or Member State law could specify the processing operations and processing procedures in relation to the processing of personal data by cour ts and other judicial author ities. The compe tence of the super visor y author ities should not co... | Passage 27 | [
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28 | vision of such data processing operations to specific bodies within the judicial system of the Member State , which should, in particular ensure compl iance with the rules of this Regulation, enhance awar eness among members of the judiciar y of their oblig ations under this Regulation and handle compl aints in relatio... | Passage 28 | [
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29 | Directive seeks to contr ibute to the proper functioning of the internal mark et by ensur ing the free movement of information society services between Member States. (22) Any processing of personal data in the context of the activities of an establishment of a controller or a processor in the Union should be carried o... | Passage 29 | [
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30 | y with a legal personality , is not the deter mining factor in that respect. 4.5.2016 L 119/4 Official Jour nal of the European Union EN (1)Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 Apr il 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regar d to the processing of personal data by comp... | Passage 30 | [
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31 | this Official Jour nal). (2)Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain lega l aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Intern al Mark et (‘Directive on electronic commerce’) (OJ L 178, 17.7.2000, p. 1). (23) In order to ensure t... | Passage 31 | [
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32 | where the processing activities are related to offering goods or services to such data subjects irrespective of whether connect ed to a payment. In order to determine whether such a controller or processor is offer ing goods or services to data subjects who are in the Union, it should be ascer tained whether it is appa... | Passage 32 | [
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33 | other contact details, or the use of a language generally used in the third countr y where the controller is established, is insufficient to ascer tain such intenti on, factors such as the use of a language or a currency general ly used in one or more Member States with the possibility of order ing goods and services i... | Passage 33 | [
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34 | data of data subjects who are in the Union by a controller or processor not established in the Union should also be subject to this Regulation when it is related to the monitori ng of the beha viour of such data subjects in so far as their behavi our takes place within the Union. In order to determine whether a process... | Passage 34 | [
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35 | prof iling a natural person, particularly in order to take decisions concer ning her or him or for analysing or predicting her or his personal preferences, beha viours and attitudes. (25) Where Member State law applies by virtue of public international law, this Regulation should also apply to a controller not establis... | Passage 35 | [
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36 | to a natural person by the use of additional information should be considered to be information on an identif iable natural person. To determine whether a natural person is identifiable, account should be taken of all the means reasonably likely to be used, such as sing ling out, either by the controller or by another ... | Passage 36 | [
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37 | for identif ication, taking into consideration the available technology at the time of the processing and technological developments. The principles of data protection should theref ore not apply to anonymous information, namely information whic h does not relate to an identified or identif iable natural person or to p... | Passage 37 | [
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38 | deceased persons. Member States may provide for rules regar ding the processing of personal data of deceased persons. (28) The application of pseudonymisation to personal data can reduce the risks to the data subjects concer ned and help controllers and processors to meet their data-protection oblig ations. The explici... | Passage 38 | [
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39 | that controller has take n technical and organisational measures necessar y to ensure, for the processing concer ned, that this Regulation is implement ed, and that additional information for attributing the personal data to a specifi c data subject is kept separately . The controller processing the personal data shoul... | Passage 39 | [
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40 | identif iers such as radio frequency identification tags. This may leave traces which, in particular when combined with unique identifiers and other information received by the servers, may be used to creat e profiles of the natural persons and identify them. (31) Public author ities to which personal data are disclose... | Passage 40 | [
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41 | ets should not be regar ded as recipients if they receive personal data whic h are necessar y to carry out a particular inquir y in the general inter est, in accordance with Union or Member State law. The requests for disclosure sent by the public author ities should alwa ys be in writing, reasoned and occasional and s... | Passage 41 | [
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42 | processing. (32) Consent should be given by a clear affirmative act establishing a freely given, specifi c, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject's agreement to the processing of personal data relating to him or her, such as by a written state ment, including by electronic means, or an oral statement.... | Passage 42 | [
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43 | pre-tick ed boxes or inactivity should not theref ore constitute consent. Consent should cover all processing activities carried out for the same purpose or purposes. When the processing has multiple purposes, consent should be given for all of them. If the data subject's consent is to be given following a request by e... | Passage 43 | [
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44 | the time of data collection. Theref ore, data subjects should be allowed to give their consent to certain areas of scientific researc h when in keeping with recognised ethical standards for scientific research. Data subjects should have the oppor tunity to give their consent only to certain areas of research or parts o... | Passage 44 | [
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45 | natural person in question, in particular chromosomal, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) analysis, or from the analysis of another element enabling equivalent information to be obtained. (35) Personal data concer ning health should include all data pertaining to the health status of a data subject w... | Passage 45 | [
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46 | and of the Council (1) to that natural person; a number , symbol or particular assigned to a natural person to uniquely identify the natural person for health purposes; information derived from the testing or examination of a body part or bodily substance, including from genetic data and biological sam ples; and any in... | Passage 46 | [
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47 | vitro diagnostic test. (36) The main establishment of a controller in the Union should be the place of its central administration in the Union, unless the decisions on the purposes and means of the processing of personal data are taken in another establishment of the controller in the Union, in whic h case that other e... | Passage 47 | [
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48 | 45). the main establishment. The main establishment of a controller in the Union should be determined according to objective criteria and should imply the effective and real exercise of manag ement activities determi ning the main decisions as to the purposes and means of processing through stable arrangements. That cr... | Passage 48 | [
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49 | main establishment. The main establishment of the processor should be the place of its central administration in the Union or, if it has no central administration in the Union, the place where the main processing activities take place in the Union. In cases involving both the controller and the processor , the compe te... | Passage 49 | [
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50 | concer ned and that super visor y author ity should participate in the cooperation procedure provided for by this Regulation. In any case, the super visor y author ities of the Member State or Member States where the processor has one or more establishments should not be considered to be super visor y author ities conc... | Passage 50 | [
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51 | under takings, excep t where the purposes and means of processing are deter mined by another under taking. (37) A group of under takings should cover a controlling under taking and its controlled under takings, whereby the controlling under taking should be the under taking which can exer t a dominant influence over th... | Passage 51 | [
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52 | regarded, together with those under takings, as a group of under takings. (38) Children mer it specific protection with rega rd to their personal data, as they may be less aware of the risks, consequences and safeg uards concer ned and their rights in relation to the processing of personal data. Such specific protectio... | Passage 52 | [
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53 | the holder of parental responsibility should not be necessar y in the context of preventive or counselling services offered directly to a child. (39) Any processing of personal data should be lawful and fair. It should be transparent to natural persons that personal data concer ning them are collect ed, used, consulte ... | Passage 53 | [
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54 | plain language be used. That principle concer ns, in particular , information to the data subjects on the identity of the controller and the purposes of the processing and further information to ensure fair and transparent processing in respect of the natural persons concer ned and their right to obtain conf irmation a... | Passage 54 | [
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55 | particular , the specific purposes for which personal data are processed should be explicit and legitimate and determined at the time of the collection of the personal data. The personal data should be adequate, relevant and limite d to what is necessar y for the purposes for whic h they are processed. This requires, i... | Passage 55 | [
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56 | that the personal data are not kept longer than necessar y, time limits should be established by the controller for erasure or for a periodic review . Ever y reasonable step should be take n to ensure that personal data which are inaccurat e are rectified or deleted. Personal data should be processed in a manner that e... | Passage 56 | [
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57 | processed on the basis of the consent of the data subject concer ned or some other legitimate basis, laid down by law, either in this Regulation or in other Union or 4.5.2016 L 119/7 Official Jour nal of the European Union EN Member State law as refer red to in this Regulation, including the necessity for compl iance w... | Passage 57 | [
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58 | entering into a contract. (41) Where this Regulation refers to a legal basis or a legislative measure, this does not necessar ily require a legislative act adopt ed by a parliament, without prejudice to requirements pursuant to the constitutional order of the Member State concer ned. However , such a lega l basis or le... | Passage 58 | [
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59 | (42) Where processing is based on the data subject's consent, the controller should be able to demonstrate that the data subject has given consent to the processing operation. In particular in the context of a written declaration on another matt er, safeg uards should ensure that the data subject is awar e of the fact ... | Passage 59 | [
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60 | should not contain unfair terms. For consent to be informed, the data subject should be aware at least of the identity of the controller and the purposes of the processing for which the personal data are intende d. Consent should not be regar ded as freely given if the data subject has no genuine or free choice or is u... | Passage 60 | [
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61 | a clear imbalance between the data subject and the controller , in particular where the controller is a public author ity and it is theref ore unlikely that consent was freely given in all the circumstances of that specifi c situation. Consent is presumed not to be freely given if it does not allow separate consent to ... | Passage 61 | [
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62 | necessar y for such performa nce. (44) Processing should be lawful where it is necessar y in the cont ext of a contract or the intention to enter into a contract. (45) Where processing is carried out in accordance with a legal oblig ation to whic h the controller is subject or where processing is necessar y for the per... | Passage 62 | [
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63 | for each individual processing. A law as a basis for several processing operations based on a legal oblig ation to whic h the controller is subject or where processing is necessar y for the perf ormance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exer cise of an official author ity may be sufficient. It shou... | Passage 63 | [
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64 | , the type of personal data whic h are subject to the processing, the data subjects concer ned, the entities to which the personal data may be disclosed, the purpose limitations, the storag e period and other measures to ensure lawful and fair processing. It should also be for Union or Member State law to determine whe... | Passage 64 | [
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65 | inter est to do so, including for health purposes such as public health and social protection and the manag ement of health care services, by private law, such as a professional association. (46) The processing of personal data should also be regarded to be lawful where it is necessar y to prote ct an inter est whic h ... | Passage 65 | [
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66 | consumer contracts (OJ L 95, 21.4.1993, p. 29). based on the vital inter est of another natural person should in principle take place only where the processing cannot be manifest ly based on another legal basis. Some types of processing may serve both impor tant grounds of public interest and the vital inter ests of th... | Passage 66 | [
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67 | of a controller , including those of a controller to which the personal data may be disclosed, or of a third party, may provide a legal basis for processing, provided that the interests or the fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject are not overriding, taking into consideration the reasonable expectations o... | Passage 67 | [
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68 | service of the controller . At any rate the existen ce of a legitimate interest would need careful assessment including whether a data subject can reasonably expect at the time and in the cont ext of the collection of the personal data that processing for that purpose may take place. The inter ests and fundamental righ... | Passage 68 | [
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69 | legal basis for public author ities to process personal data, that legal basis should not apply to the processing by public author ities in the performa nce of their tasks. The processing of personal data strictly necessar y for the purposes of preventing fraud also constitutes a legitimate interest of the data control... | Passage 69 | [
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70 | in transmitting personal data within the group of under takings for internal administrative purposes, including the processing of clients' or employees' personal data. The general principles for the transfe r of personal data, within a group of under takings, to an under taking locat ed in a third countr y remain unaff... | Passage 70 | [
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71 | accidental events or unlawful or malicious actions that compromise the availabi lity, authenticity , integrity and confidentiality of store d or transmitte d personal data, and the secur ity of the related services offered by, or accessible via, those netw orks and systems, by public author ities, by comput er emerge n... | Passage 71 | [
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72 | preventing unauthor ised access to electronic communications netw orks and malicious code distr ibution and stoppi ng ‘denial of service ’ attacks and damage to comput er and electronic communication systems. (50) The processing of personal data for purposes other than those for which the personal data were initially c... | Passage 72 | [
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73 | for the performa nce of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exer cise of official author ity vested in the controller , Union or Member State law may determine and specify the tasks and purposes for whic h the further processing should be regar ded as compati ble and lawful. Further processing for archi... | Passage 73 | [
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74 | personal data may also provide a lega l basis for further processing. In order to ascer tain whether a purpose of further processing is compati ble with the purpose for whic h the personal data are initially collect ed, the controller , after having met all the requirements for the lawfulness of the original processing... | Passage 74 | [
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75 | controller as to their 4.5.2016 L 119/9 Official Jour nal of the European Union EN further use; the nature of the personal data; the consequences of the intended further processing for data subjects; and the existen ce of appropr iate safeguards in both the original and intended further processing operations. Where the... | Passage 75 | [
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76 | further process the personal data irrespective of the compatibility of the purposes. In any case, the application of the principles set out in this Regulation and in particular the information of the data subject on those other purposes and on his or her rights including the right to object, should be ensured. Indicati... | Passage 76 | [
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77 | being in the legitimate interest pursued by the controller . However , such transmission in the legitimate interest of the controller or further processing of personal data should be prohibit ed if the processing is not compat ible with a legal, profess ional or other binding oblig ation of secrecy . (51) Personal data... | Passage 77 | [
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78 | or ethnic origin, whereby the use of the term ‘racial origin’ in this Regulation does not imply an acceptance by the Union of theor ies which attempt to determine the existence of separate human races. The processing of photog raphs should not systemati cally be considered to be processing of special cate gories of p... | Passage 78 | [
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79 | in specific cases set out in this Regulation, taking into account that Member States law may lay down specific provisions on data protection in order to adapt the application of the rules of this Regulation for compl iance with a legal oblig ation or for the performa nce of a task carried out in the public interest or ... | Passage 79 | [
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80 | processing. Derog ations from the general prohibition for processing such special catego ries of personal data should be explicitly provided, inter alia, where the data subject gives his or her explicit consent or in respect of specific needs in particular where the processing is carried out in the course of legitimate... | Passage 80 | [
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81 | suitable safeg uards, so as to protect personal data and other fundamental rights, where it is in the public inter est to do so, in particular processing personal data in the field of emplo yment law, social protect ion law including pensions and for health secur ity, monitoring and alert purposes, the prevention or co... | Passage 81 | [
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82 | claims for benefits and services in the health insurance system , or for archiving purposes in the public inter est, scientifi c or histor ical research purposes or statistical purposes. A derog ation should also allow the processing of such personal data where necessar y for the establishment, exercise or defe nce of ... | Passage 82 | [
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83 | natural persons and society as a whole, in particular in the context of the management of health or social care services and syste ms, including processing by the management and central national health author ities of such data for the purpose of quality control, manag ement information and the general national and loc... | Passage 83 | [
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84 | or statistical purposes, based on Union or Member State law whic h has to meet an objective of public interest, as well as for studies conduct ed in the public interest in the area of public health. Theref ore, this Regulation should provide for harmonised conditions for the processing of special categor ies of persona... | Passage 84 | [
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85 | professional secrecy . Union or Member State law should provide for specific and suitable measures so as to prote ct the fundamental rights and the personal data of natural persons. Member State s should be allowed to maintain or introduce further conditions, including limitations, with rega rd to the processing of gen... | Passage 85 | [
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86 | y for reasons of public interest in the areas of public health without consent of the data subject. Such processing should be subject to suitable and specifi c measures so as to prot ect the rights and freedoms of natural persons. In that context, ‘public health’ should be interpreted as defined in Regulation (EC) No 1... | Passage 86 | [
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87 | universal access to, health care as well as health care expenditure and financing, and the causes of mor tality . Such processing of data concer ning health for reasons of public inter est should not result in personal data being processed for other purposes by third parties such as emplo yers or insurance and banking ... | Passage 87 | [
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88 | Where in the course of electoral activities, the operation of the democratic system in a Member State requires that political parties compile personal data on people's political opinions, the processing of such data may be permitted for reasons of public interest, provided that appropr iate safeg uards are established.... | Passage 88 | [
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89 | However , the controller should not refuse to take additional information provided by the data subject in order to suppor t the exer cise of his or her rights. Identification should include the digital identif ication of a data subject, for example through authentication mech anism such as the same credentials, used by... | Passage 89 | [
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90 | and, additionally , where appropr iate, visualisation be used. Such information could be provided in electronic form, for examp le, when addressed to the public, through a website. This is of particular relevance in situations where the prolife ration of actors and the technological complexity of practice make it diffi... | Passage 90 | [
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91 | processing is addressed to a child, should be in such a clear and plain language that the child can easily understand. (59) Modalities should be provided for facilitating the exercise of the data subject's rights under this Regulation, including mech anisms to request and, if applicable, obtain, free of charge, in part... | Passage 91 | [
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92 | to requests from the data subject without undue dela y and at the latest within one month and to give reasons where the controller does not intend to compl y with any such requests. 4.5.2016 L 119/11 Official Jour nal of the European Union EN (1)Regulation (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council... | Passage 92 | [
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93 | processing operation and its purposes. The controller should provide the data subject with any further information necessar y to ensure fair and transparent processing taking into account the specific circumstances and cont ext in whic h the personal data are processed. Further more, the data subject should be informed... | Passage 93 | [
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94 | does not provide such data. That information may be provided in combination with standardised icons in order to give in an easily visible, intelligible and clearly legible manner , a meaningful overview of the intende d processing. Where the icons are presented electronically , they should be machi ne-readable. (61) Th... | Passage 94 | [
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95 | the case. Where personal data can be legitimate ly disclosed to another recipient, the data subject should be informed when the personal data are first disclosed to the recipient. Where the controller intends to process the personal data for a purpose other than that for whic h they were collected, the controller shoul... | Passage 95 | [
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96 | , it is not necessar y to imp ose the oblig ation to provide information where the data subject already possesses the information, where the recording or disclosure of the personal data is expressly laid down by law or where the provision of information to the data subject proves to be imp ossible or would involve a di... | Passage 96 | [
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97 | of the data and any appropr iate safeg uards adopt ed should be take n into consideration. (63) A data subject should have the right of access to personal data whic h have been collect ed concer ning him or her, and to exercise that right easily and at reasonable inter vals, in order to be awar e of, and verify, the la... | Passage 97 | [
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98 | treating physicians and any treatment or inter ventions provided. Ever y data subject should theref ore have the right to kno w and obtain communication in particular with regar d to the purposes for whic h the personal data are processed, where possible the period for whic h the personal data are processed, the recipi... | Passage 98 | [
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99 | the data subject with direct access to his or her personal data. That right should not adversely affect the rights or freedoms of others, including trade secrets or intellectual proper ty and in particular the copyright protecting the software. However , the result of those considerations should not be a refusal to pro... | Passage 99 | [
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0.3769394159,
0.3233911991,
-0.5044304132,
-0.4186890125,
-0.1351163387,
-0.2617003024,
-0.0914684534,
-0.6824409366,
0.5827476382,
0.2359292507,
0.3245012462,
-0.2967575192,
0.331537962,
0.3304229081,
... |
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