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output with the predicted probabilities. For a random sample of multiclass outcomes of size n , the average multiclass cross-entropy C\u00af for hyperbolastic H1 or H2 can be estimated by C\u00af=\u22121n\u2211i=1n\u2211j=1k[yijlogb(\u03c0j(xi;\u03b2))] Kullback-Leibler Divergence for multiclass hyperbolastic H1 or H... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pre-order-Pre-order-A pre-order is an order placed for an item that has not yet been released. The idea for pre-orders came because people found it hard to get popular items in stores because of their popularity. Companies then had the idea to allow customers to reserve their own personal copy before its release, whic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dynamic Markov compression-Algorithm-For example, suppose that state A represents the context 11111. On input bit 0, it transitions to state B representing context 110, obtained by dropping 3 bits on the left. In context A, there have been 4 zero bits and some number of one bits. In context B, there have been 3 zeros ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Complex instruction set computer-Incitements and benefits-New instructions In the 1970s, analysis of high-level languages indicated compilers produced some complex corresponding machine language. It was determined that new instructions could improve performance. Some instructions were added that were never intended to... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Duality (optimization)-Duality (optimization)-In general, the optimal values of the primal and dual problems need not be equal. Their difference is called the duality gap. For convex optimization problems, the duality gap is zero under a constraint qualification condition. This fact is called strong duality." | large_corpus_distillation |
solution, revises it slightly to see if it can be improved, and repeats this process until improvement is made, at which point the model is said to have converged. Applying the procedure in conditioned on convergence ( see also in the following \"remarks and other considerations \")." | large_corpus_distillation |
"AddressSanitizer-AddressSanitizer-KernelAddressSanitizer The KernelAddressSanitizer (KASan) detects dynamic memory errors in the Linux kernel. Kernel instrumentation requires a special feature in the compiler supplying the -fsanitize=kernel-address command line option, since kernels do not use the same address space a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bluetooth-Computer requirements-A personal computer that does not have embedded Bluetooth can use a Bluetooth adapter that enables the PC to communicate with Bluetooth devices. While some desktop computers and most recent laptops come with a built-in Bluetooth radio, others require an external adapter, typically in th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Huffman coding-Main properties-A practical alternative, in widespread use, is run-length encoding. This technique adds one step in advance of entropy coding, specifically counting (runs) of repeated symbols, which are then encoded. For the simple case of Bernoulli processes, Golomb coding is optimal among prefix codes... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fold (higher-order function)-On lists-In practice, it is convenient and natural to have an initial value which in the case of a right fold is used when one reaches the end of the list, and in the case of a left fold is what is initially combined with the first element of the list. In the example above, the value 0 (th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sensitivity and specificity-Definition-A test with a higher specificity has a lower type I error rate." | large_corpus_distillation |
"\uf128 Try It 7.1.9\nFind the GCF:\n9m5n2,12m3n\nAnswer\n3m3n\n\uf00c Example 7.1.10\nFind the GCF of:\n21x3,9x2,15x\nSolution\nFactor each coefficient into primes and write the variables with\nexponents in expanded form. Circle the common factors in each\ncolumn.\nBring down the common factors.\nMultiply the factors.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Supersingular elliptic curve-Examples-The modular curve X0(11) has j-invariant \u221221211\u22125313, and is isomorphic to the curve y2 + y = x3 \u2212 x2 \u2212 10x \u2212 20. The primes p for which it is supersingular are those for which the coefficient of qp in \u03b7(\u03c4)2\u03b7(11\u03c4)2 vanishes mod p, and a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"NP (complexity)-NP (complexity)-NP is the set of decision problems solvable in polynomial time by a nondeterministic Turing machine." | large_corpus_distillation |
apps were only required to have \"Never\" or \"Always\" location options.Users can remove rarely used apps without losing the app's data using the \"Offload App\" button. This allows for a later reinstallation of the app (if available on the App Store), in which data returns and usage can continue. Users can also have ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Weighted median-Properties-The sum of weights in each of the two partitions should be as equal as possible.\nIf the weights of all numbers in the set are equal, then the weighted median reduces down to the median." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jacobian curve-Definition: Jacobi quartic-The number of multiplications can be reduced by working on the constants e and d: the elliptic curve in the Jacobi form can be modified in order to have a smaller number of operations for adding and doubling. So, for example, if the constant d in C is significantly small, the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Competitive intelligence-Historic development-As a result, although the Internet is viewed as a key source, most CI professionals should spend their time and budget gathering intelligence using primary research\u2014networking with industry experts, from trade shows and conferences, from their own customers and suppli... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Enron Corpus-Exploitation-The corpus is valued as one of the few publicly available mass collections of real emails easily available for study; such collections are typically bound by numerous privacy and legal restrictions which render them prohibitively difficult to access, such as non-disclosure agreements and data... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Void Linux-History-Void Linux was created in 2008 by Juan Romero Pardines, a former developer of NetBSD, to have a test-bed for the XBPS package manager. The ability to natively build packages from source using xbps-src is likely inspired by pkgsrc and other BSD ports collections.In May 2018, the project was moved to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pigpen cipher-Variants-The core elements of this system are the grid and dots. Some systems use the X's, but even these can be rearranged. One commonly used method orders the symbols as shown in the above image: grid, grid, X, X. Another commonly used system orders the symbols as grid, X, grid, X. Another is grid, gri... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Eliminate Pro-Eliminate Pro-Eliminate Pro was a first-person shooter developed for iOS by Ngmoco. Ngmoco has stopped development on it, and in May 2012 shut off the login/game servers and removed it from the Apple App Store. Eliminate was based on the open-source Quake 3 engine." | large_corpus_distillation |
"\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212 \u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\n38. f(x,y,z)=2xy; E={(x,y,z)|\u221ax2+y2 \u2264z\u2264\u221a1\u2212x2\u2212y2, x\u22650, y\u22650}\n\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\n39. f(x,y,z)=z; E={(x,y,z)|x2+y2+z2\u22122x\u22640, \u221ax2+y2 \u2264z}\nAnswer\na. f(\... | large_corpus_distillation |
no free lunch\" theorem say that the answer is essentially no, but admit some reservations as to whether the theorem addresses practice." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Covariance-Properties-As a result, for random variables with finite variance, the inequality cov \u2061(X,Y)|\u2264\u03c32(X)\u03c32(Y) holds via the Cauchy\u2013Schwarz inequality.\nProof: If \u03c32(Y)=0 , then it holds trivially. Otherwise, let random variable cov \u2061(X,Y)\u03c32(Y)Y.\nThen we have cov cov cov ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Speech segmentation-Lexical recognition-Though lexical recognition is not thought to be used by infants in their first year, due to their highly limited vocabularies, it is one of the major processes involved in speech segmentation for adults. Three main models of lexical recognition exist in current research: first, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Support vector machine-Empirical risk minimization-More generally, R(f) can be some measure of the complexity of the hypothesis f , so that simpler hypotheses are preferred." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zarankiewicz problem-Applications-The K\u0151v\u00e1ri\u2013S\u00f3s\u2013Tur\u00e1n theorem has been used in discrete geometry to bound the number of incidences between geometric objects of various types. As a simple example, a set of n points and m lines in the Euclidean plane necessarily has no K2,2 , so by the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Busemann function-Busemann functions on a Hadamard manifold-THEOREM. On a Hadamard manifold X the following conditions on a continuous function h are equivalent: h is a Busemann function.\nh is a convex, Lipschitz function with constant 1, and for each y in X there are points u\u00b1 at a distance r from y such that h... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hierarchical temporal memory-Similarity to other models-Neocognitron Neocognitron, a hierarchical multilayered neural network proposed by Professor Kunihiko Fukushima in 1987, is one of the first deep learning neural network models." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Root of unity modulo n-Primitive roots of unity-Number of primitive kth roots For the lack of a widely accepted symbol, we denote the number of primitive kth roots of unity modulo n by g(n,k) It satisfies the following properties: if otherwise .\nConsequently the function k\u21a6g(n,k) has d(\u03bb(n)) values diff... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Secure by design-Server/client architectures-Often the easiest way to break the security of a client/server system is not to go head on to the security mechanisms, but instead to go around them. A man in the middle attack is a simple example of this, because you can use it to collect details to impersonate a user. Whi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cantor's first set theory article-Cantor's 1879 uncountability proof-In the second case, which handles case 2 of Cantor's 1874 proof, P is dense in [a, b]. The denseness of sequence P is used to recursively define a sequence of nested intervals that excludes all the numbers in P and whose intersection contains a singl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Haskell-Features-Haskell has a strong, static type system based on Hindley\u2013Milner type inference. Its principal innovation in this area is type classes, originally conceived as a principled way to add overloading to the language, but since finding many more uses.The construct that represents side-effects is an ex... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elementary arithmetic-Multiplication-The order in which two numbers are multiplied does not affect the result. This is known as the commutative property of multiplication." | large_corpus_distillation |
allocated on the stack or explicitly allocated and deallocated from the heap. In the latter case, the responsibility of managing memory resides with the programmer. If the program does not deallocate an object, a memory leak occurs. If the program attempts to access or deallocate memory that has already been deallocate... | large_corpus_distillation |
"TrekEarth-Features-Uploading TrekEarth members could upload only one photograph per day. This limit was intended to ensure quality over quantity in the gallery. Members could add a title and a short note describing the photograph. Photo notes on TrekEarth are examples of \"word bytes\", the textual equivalent of sound... | large_corpus_distillation |
modifying the previous example; A(\u03b1B|\u03b2|\u03b3)=12!(A\u03b1B\u03b2\u03b3+A\u03b3B\u03b2\u03b1) Here the \u03b1 and \u03b3 indices are symmetrized, \u03b2 is not." | large_corpus_distillation |
links and required massive supplies of one-time tapes. Networked cipher machines were considered vulnerable to cribs, and various techniques were used to disguise the beginning and ends of a message, including cutting messages in half and sending the second part first and adding nonsense padding at both ends. The latte... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rectangular lattice-Bravais lattices-The primitive rectangular lattice can also be described by a centered rhombic unit cell, while the centered rectangular lattice can also be described by a primitive rhombic unit cell. Note that the length a in the lower row is not the same as in the upper row. For the first column... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mac Defender-Symptoms-The program appears in malicious links spread by search engine optimization poisoning on sites such as Google Image Search. When a user accesses such a malicious link, a fake scanning window appears, originally in the style of a Windows XP application, but later in the form of an \"Apple-type int... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nines (notation)-Precious metals-The exact purity of very fine precious metals such as platinum, gold and silver can be of great interest. Based on the system of millesimal fineness, a metal is said to be one nine or one nine fine if it is 900 fine, or 90% pure. A metal that is 990 fine is then described as two nines ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Belief revision-Conditions equivalent to the AGM postulates-The AGM postulates are equivalent to several different conditions on the revision operator; in particular, they are equivalent to the revision operator being definable in terms of structures known as selection functions, epistemic entrenchments, systems of sp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Document clustering-Clustering v. Classifying-Clustering algorithms in computational text analysis groups documents into grouping a set of text what are called subsets or clusters where the algorithm's goal is to create internally coherent clusters that are distinct from one another. Classification on the other hand, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Priority queue-Parallel priority queue-extract-min: First, the skip list is traversed until a node is reached whose delete mark is not set. This delete mark is than set to true for that node. Finally the pointers of the parent nodes of the deleted node are updated.If the concurrent access to a priority queue is allowe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"BASIC interpreter-Variables and data types-On early microcomputers, with their limited memory and slow processors, BASIC garbage collection could often cause apparently random, inexplicable pauses in the midst of program operation. Some BASIC interpreters, such as Applesoft BASIC on the Apple II family, repeatedly sca... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Letter frequency-Letter frequency-The use of letter frequencies and frequency analysis plays a fundamental role in cryptograms and several word puzzle games, including Hangman, Scrabble, Wordle and the television game show Wheel of Fortune. One of the earliest descriptions in classical literature of applying the knowl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Helper application-Helper application-The use of helper applications was more common in the early days of the World Wide Web, when HTML and file formats were still becoming standardized and computers were less powerful. Users of a slower computer could configure their browser to hand off all images using a helper appl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"WordNet-Psycholinguistic aspects-While such psycholinguistic experiments and the underlying theories have been subject to criticism, some of WordNet's organization is consistent with experimental evidence. For example, anomic aphasia selectively affects speakers' ability to produce words from a specific semantic categ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Uniform-machines scheduling-Algorithms-Minimizing the maximum completion time (makespan) Minimizing the maximum completion time is NP-hard even for identical machines, by reduction from the partition problem.\nA constant-factor approximation is attained by the Longest-processing-time-first algorithm (LPT).\nHorowitz a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Directed acyclic graph-Applications-Dataflow programming languages describe systems of operations on data streams, and the connections between the outputs of some operations and the inputs of others. These languages can be convenient for describing repetitive data processing tasks, in which the same acyclically-connec... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Greatest common divisor-Properties-gcd(a, b), where a and b are not both zero, may be defined alternatively and equivalently as the smallest positive integer d which can be written in the form d = a\u22c5p + b\u22c5q, where p and q are integers. This expression is called B\u00e9zout's identity. Numbers p and q like th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"1-center problem-1-center problem-A simple special case is when the feasible locations and demand points are in the plane with Euclidean distance as transportation cost (planar minmax Euclidean facility location problem, Euclidean 1-center problem in the plane, etc.). It is also known as the smallest circle problem. I... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algebraic number theory-Basic notions-Ideal class group Unique factorization fails if and only if there are prime ideals that fail to be principal. The object which measures the failure of prime ideals to be principal is called the ideal class group. Defining the ideal class group requires enlarging the set of ideals ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gap penalty-Types-Constant This is the simplest type of gap penalty: a fixed negative score is given to every gap, regardless of its length. This encourages the algorithm to make fewer, larger, gaps leaving larger contiguous sections.\nATTGACCTGA || ||||| AT---CCTGA Aligning two short DNA sequences, with '-' depicting... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mutual exclusion-Recoverable mutual exclusion-Most algorithms for mutual exclusion are designed with the assumption that no failure occurs while a process is running inside the critical section. However, in reality such failures may be commonplace. For example, a sudden loss of power or faulty interconnect might cause... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Register window-Application in CPUs-In the Infineon C166 architecture, most registers are simply locations in internal RAM which have the additional property of being accessible as registers. Of these, the addresses of the 16 general-purpose registers (R0-R15) are not fixed. Instead, the R0 register is located at the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ridge function-Ridge function-In mathematics, a ridge function is any function f:Rd\u2192R that can be written as the composition of a univariate function with an affine transformation, that is: f(x)=g(x\u22c5a) for some g:R\u2192R and a\u2208Rd Coinage of the term 'ridge function' is often attributed to B.F. Loga... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Intel Core (microarchitecture)-Processor cores-Additional code names for processors based on this model are Woodcrest (LGA 771, 4 MB L2 cache), Clovertown (MCM, LGA 771, 2\u00d74MB L2 cache) and Tigerton (MCM, Socket 604, 2\u00d74MB L2 cache), all of which are marketed only under the Xeon brand." | large_corpus_distillation |
As for predicates, they are often seen as referring either to universals, to concepts, or to classes of objects." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mode of limited transposition-Technical criteria-There are two complementary ways to view the modes: considering their possible transpositions, and considering the different modes contained within them." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quadratic programming-Solution methods-For general problems a variety of methods are commonly used, including interior point, active set, augmented Lagrangian, conjugate gradient, gradient projection, extensions of the simplex algorithm.In the case in which Q is positive definite, the problem is a special case of the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bogus (Ruby)-Features-Whenever an object is mocked, stubbed or spied, a contract is specified on input/output parameters. Bogus automatically verifies whether the contract is satisfied or not. They fail when mocked or stubbed methods are not called on real objects. Contract tests not only check whether correct number ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conjugate gradient method-As an iterative method-The algorithm is detailed below for solving Ax = b where A is a real, symmetric, positive-definite matrix. The input vector x0 can be an approximate initial solution or 0. It is a different formulation of the exact procedure described above.\n:= if is sufficiently sm... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Acronym-Historical and current use-Exact pronunciation of \"word acronyms\" (those pronounced as words rather than sounded out as individual letters) often vary by speaker population. These may be regional, occupational, or generational differences, or simply personal preference. For instance, there have been decades ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polygon covering-Covering a rectilinear polygon with squares-It is possible to use the linear algorithm to get a 2-approximation; i.e., a covering with at most 2 opt squares, where opt is the number of squares in a minimum covering: For each hole, find a square s connecting the hole to the external boundary.\nCut s fr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wilcoxon signed-rank test-Null and alternative hypotheses-One-sided alternative hypothesis H2 F is stochastically larger than a distribution symmetric about zero.The hypothesis that the data are IID can be weakened. Each data point may be taken from a different distribution, as long as all the distributions are assume... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Viterbi algorithm-Example-The doctor believes that the health condition of the patients operates as a discrete Markov chain. There are two states, \"Healthy\" and \"Fever\", but the doctor cannot observe them directly; they are hidden from the doctor. On each day, there is a certain chance that a patient will tell the... | large_corpus_distillation |
answer for c is therefore 445, as in the first method.\nLike the first method, this requires O(e) multiplications to complete. However, since the numbers used in these calculations are much smaller than the numbers used in the first algorithm's calculations, the computation time decreases by a factor of at least O(e) i... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u2212\u221e and +\u221e as a value. The second statement can also be modified to get the definition of strict convexity, where the latter is obtained by replacing \u2264 with the strict inequality <." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Canonical LR parser-Constructing LR(1) parsing tables-Goto The lookahead of an LR(1) item is used directly only when considering reduce actions (i.e., when the \u2022 marker is at the right end).\nThe core of an LR(1) item [S \u2192 a A \u2022 B e, c] is the LR(0) item S \u2192 a A \u2022 B e. Different LR(1) items ma... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Twitter bot-Identification-It is sometimes desirable to identify when a Twitter account is controlled by a internet bot. Following a test period, Twitter rolled out labels to identify bot accounts and automated tweets in February 2022.Detecting non-human Twitter users has been of interest to academics.In a 2012 paper,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nanosyntax-Tools-Semantics The universal structure of compositionality is used in order for mapping structure within sentences semantically. This deals with mapping which features words are composed of such as which structures a given word is semantically \"constructed on\". Semantic considerations impact the paramete... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Small-world experiment-Current research on the small-world problem-Generally, their model demonstrated the truth in Mark Granovetter's observation that it is \"the strength of weak ties\" that holds together a social network. Although the specific model has since been generalized by Jon Kleinberg, it remains a canonic... | large_corpus_distillation |
of numbers in different bases is described in the chart below." | large_corpus_distillation |
follows from basic properties of expected value and variance:\nE[(U\u2212\u03b8)2]=var(U\u2212\u03b8)+[E(U\u2212\u03b8)]2 =var(U)+bias2(U) (7.1.2)\nU U\nIn particular, if the estimator is unbiased, then the mean square error of is simply the variance of .\nIdeally, we would like to have unbiased estimators with small m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiplicative weight update method-Applications-Input: Sequence of N labeled examples ( x1 ,y1 ),...,( xN , yN Distribution D over the N examples Weak learning algorithm \"'WeakLearn\"' Integer T specifying number of iterations Initialize the weight vector: wi1=D(i) for i=1,2,...,N Do for t=1,2,...,T 1. Set ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Longest trains-Special test runs-These are one-off runs, sometimes specifically to set records." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tychonoff's theorem-Proofs of Tychonoff's theorem-4) Similarly, the Moore\u2013Smith theory of convergence via nets, as supplemented by Kelley's notion of a universal net, leads to the criterion that a space is compact if and only if each universal net on the space converges. This criterion leads to a proof (Kelley, 1... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Consistency model-Consistency and replication-Cache consistency models can differ in their coherence detection strategies that define when inconsistencies occur. There are two approaches to detect the inconsistency; static and dynamic solutions. In the static solution, a compiler determines which variables can cause t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Monad (functional programming)-Monad (functional programming)-In functional programming, a monad is a structure that combines program fragments (functions) and wraps their return values in a type with additional computation. In addition to defining a wrapping monadic type, monads define two operators: one to wrap a va... | large_corpus_distillation |
"QBittorrent-Features-Some of the features present in qBittorrent include: Bandwidth scheduler Bind all traffic to a specific interface Control over torrents, trackers and peers (torrents queueing and prioritizing and torrent content selection and prioritizing) DHT, PEX, encrypted connections, LPD, UPnP, NAT-PMP port f... | large_corpus_distillation |
a normal distribution, then it would be likely that your sample mean would be within units\nof the population mean since most of a normal distribution is within two standard deviations of the mean.\nKeep in mind that all statistics have sampling distributions, not just the mean. In later sections we will be discussing ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nearest-neighbor chain algorithm-The algorithm-Intuitively, the nearest neighbor chain algorithm repeatedly follows a chain of clusters A \u2192 B \u2192 C \u2192 ... where each cluster is the nearest neighbor of the previous one, until reaching a pair of clusters that are mutual nearest neighbors.In more detail, the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
.This idea is further generalized to the case when T is not given explicitly but instead is given by a prefix tree with Q vertices. Mohri et al. showed such an automaton would have at most 2Q\u22122 and may be constructed in linear time from its size. At the same time, the number of transitions in such automaton may... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Young's convolution inequality-Sharp constant-In case p,q>1, Young's inequality can be strengthened to a sharp form, via where the constant 1.\nWhen this optimal constant is achieved, the function f and g are multidimensional Gaussian functions." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Grill (cryptology)-Rejewski's characteristic-Marks and Weierud give an example from Alan Turing that shows these cycles can be completed when some information is incomplete.Furthermore, Enigma permutations were simple transpositions, which meant that each permutation A B C D E F only transposed pairs of characters. Th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information Processing Language-Basics of IPL-IPL has a library of some 150 basic operations. These include such operations as: Test symbols for equality Find, set, or erase an attribute of a list Locate the next symbol in a list; insert a symbol in a list; erase or copy an entire list Arithmetic operations (on symbol... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finite set-Finite set-In mathematics, particularly set theory, a finite set is a set that has a finite number of elements. Informally, a finite set is a set which one could in principle count and finish counting. For example, 10 } is a finite set with five elements. The number of elements of a finite set is a natural ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computation offloading-Application-Cloud Services Cloud services can be described by 3 main cloud service models: SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Software as a service (SaaS) is an externally hosted service which can be easily accessed by a consumer through a web browser. Platform as a service (PaaS) is a development environmen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Random subspace method-Motivation-In ensemble learning one tries to combine the models produced by several learners into an ensemble that performs better than the original learners. One way of combining learners is bootstrap aggregating or bagging, which shows each learner a randomly sampled subset of the training poi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"K q-flats-Applications and variations-where A is a positive semi-definite matrix. If A is the identity matrix, then the Mahalanobis metric is exactly the same as the error measure used in k-means. If A is not the identity matrix, then \u2016x\u2212y\u2016A2 will favor certain directions as the k q-flat error measure... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Anonymous work-Description-In the United States, anonymous work is legally defined as \"a work on the copies or phonorecords of which no natural person is identified as author.\" " | large_corpus_distillation |
read or written. It handles buffering and memory management and is responsible for the physical placement of blocks in specific locations on the storage medium. The physical file system interacts with the device drivers or with the channel to drive the storage device." | large_corpus_distillation |
"File system-File systems and operating systems-Conversational Monitor System The IBM Conversational Monitor System (CMS) component of VM/370 uses a separate flat file system for each virtual disk (minidisk). File data and control information are scattered and intermixed. The anchor is a record called the Master File D... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interior-point method-Primal-dual interior-point method for nonlinear optimization-Substituting 1/ci(x)=\u03bbi/\u03bc from (4) into (3), we get an equation for the gradient: \u2207B(x\u03bc,\u03bb\u03bc)=\u2207f(x\u03bc)\u2212J(x\u03bc)T\u03bb\u03bc=0,(5) where the matrix J is the Jacobian of the constraints c(x) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ensemble averaging (machine learning)-Method-Combine the experts and average their values.Alternatively, domain knowledge may be used to generate several classes of experts. An expert from each class is trained, and then combined." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Double-checked locking-Motivation and original pattern-Thread B notices that the shared variable has been initialized (or so it appears), and returns its value. Because thread B believes the value is already initialized, it does not acquire the lock. If B uses the object before all of the initialization done by A is s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Networked music performance-Objectives of a networked music performance system-The objectives of a networked music performance can be summarized as: It should allow musicians and possibly audience members and/or a conductor to collaborate from remote locations It should create a realistic immersive virtual space for s... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u2013, \u2013\u27e9.\n\u221a5 \u221a5 \u221a5 \u221a5\n\uf128 Exercise 12.1.7\nLet \u21c0v=\u27e89,2\u27e9. Find a vector with magnitude 5 in the opposite direction as \u21c0v.\nHint\nFirst, find a unit vector in the same direction as\n\u21c0v.\nAnswer\n45 10\n\u27e8\u2212 \u2212\u2212,\u2212 \u2212\u2212\u27e9\n\u221... | large_corpus_distillation |
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