country
string
patient_age
int64
gender
string
practitioner_type
string
years_practicing
int64
reason_for_visit
string
herb_type
string
preparation_method
string
administration_route
string
dosage_known
int64
frequency_daily
int64
duration_weeks
int64
concurrent_western_meds
string
disclosure_to_doctor
int64
adverse_event
string
severity
string
time_to_onset_days
int64
outcome
string
hospitalisation_required
int64
previous_adverse_events
int64
registration_status
int64
quality_control
int64
label
int64
practitioner_experience_score
float64
herb_risk_score
float64
concurrent_med_risk
float64
care_integration_score
float64
patient_vulnerability
float64
event_severity_score
float64
high_risk_traditional
float64
Ethiopia
44
Male
Birth-attendant
18
Mental-health
Mixed
Powder
Topical
1
1
3
Antibiotics
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
9.6
5.9
2
4
0
1
0
Nigeria
16
Male
Mixed
17
Malaria
Mineral
Infusion
Enema
0
4
8
Antidiabetics
0
Haematological
Mild
14
Death
1
1
0
0
1
3.4
12.9
3
-1.5
5
1
1
Burkina Faso
44
Male
Herbalist
33
Infertility
Animal-part
Smoke
Oral
1
2
1
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
12.6
8.8
0
5
0
1
0
Ghana
31
Male
Birth-attendant
19
Diabetes
Mixed
Oil
Topical
1
6
6
Antidiabetics
0
None
Fatal
1
Hospitalised
0
0
0
0
1
3.8
9.3
3
-1.5
0
10
0
Madagascar
59
Male
Birth-attendant
6
Other
Animal-part
Oil
Suppository
0
3
14
None
0
Gastrointestinal
Fatal
9
Ongoing
1
0
0
0
1
1.2
15.7
0
0
0
10
1
Ghana
31
Male
Bone-setter
28
Diabetes
Mineral
Paste
Eye-drop
0
2
4
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
11.6
13.7
0
5
0
1
1
Ethiopia
19
Female
Herbalist
36
Cancer
Mineral
Infusion
Topical
0
1
4
Antibiotics
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
13.2
8.7
2
4
0
1
0
Ethiopia
26
Female
Birth-attendant
14
Pain
Mineral
Infusion
Topical
1
1
2
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
1
0
5.8
4.1
0
5
0
1
0
Ethiopia
59
Male
Herbalist
7
Pain
Single-herb
Oil
Inhalation
0
6
11
None
0
Hepatotoxicity
Severe
8
Death
1
0
0
1
1
4.4
16.3
0
0
0
6
1
Ghana
38
Female
Birth-attendant
17
Infertility
Mineral
Alcohol-extract
Inhalation
1
1
2
Antihypertensives
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
9.4
8.6
3
3.5
0
1
0
Ethiopia
55
Female
Spiritual-healer
14
HIV/AIDS
Animal-part
Alcohol-extract
Topical
0
2
1
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
8.8
11.3
0
5
0
1
1
Ghana
18
Male
Traditional-surgeon
23
HIV/AIDS
Animal-part
Infusion
Topical
0
3
2
None
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
1
0
7.6
9.1
0
0
0
1
0
Uganda
62
Female
Birth-attendant
5
Mental-health
Animal-part
Paste
Eye-drop
1
1
1
Anticoagulants
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
7
8.3
5
2.5
0
1
1
Mali
24
Female
Bone-setter
22
Other
Single-herb
Powder
Topical
1
3
1
Antiretrovirals
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
0
0
4.4
6.3
5
-2.5
0
1
1
Ghana
36
Male
Diviner
12
Mental-health
Mineral
Decoction
Enema
1
4
24
None
0
Drug-interaction
Moderate
9
ICU
0
1
1
0
1
5.4
13.7
0
0
5
3
1
Ethiopia
55
Female
Birth-attendant
22
Diabetes
Multi-herb
Alcohol-extract
Inhalation
1
2
4
Antibiotics
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
10.4
9.7
2
4
0
1
0
Kenya
6
Male
Birth-attendant
11
Infertility
Multi-herb
Oil
Oral
0
3
24
Anticoagulants
0
Hepatotoxicity
Life-threatening
5
ICU
1
0
0
0
1
2.2
20.2
5
-2.5
0
9
1
Zambia
30
Male
Herbalist
13
Cancer
Multi-herb
Alcohol-extract
Inhalation
0
3
4
Antihypertensives
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
0
0
5.6
14.2
3
3.5
0
1
1
Zambia
41
Female
Traditional-surgeon
33
Other
Multi-herb
Infusion
Inhalation
1
1
1
Antihypertensives
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
12.6
5.3
3
3.5
0
1
0
Cameroon
26
Female
Birth-attendant
37
Other
Mixed
Paste
Enema
1
3
2
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
13.4
6.6
0
5
0
1
0
Senegal
45
Male
Herbalist
10
Mental-health
Animal-part
Paste
Inhalation
1
1
2
None
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
8
5.6
0
0
0
1
0
DRC
59
Female
Birth-attendant
9
Malaria
Single-herb
Oil
Suppository
1
2
5
Antimalarials
0
Drug-interaction
Mild
10
Hospitalised
1
1
0
1
1
4.8
8.5
4
-2
5
1
1
Kenya
29
Female
Spiritual-healer
33
Other
Mixed
Alcohol-extract
Eye-drop
0
3
2
Antidiabetics
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
12.6
16.6
3
-1.5
0
1
1
Niger
60
Male
Diviner
19
Hypertension
Mixed
Infusion
Topical
0
1
3
None
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
0
0
6.8
8.4
0
0
0
1
0
South Africa
53
Female
Herbalist
24
Child-illness
Single-herb
Paste
Inhalation
1
2
3
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
1
0
7.8
6.4
0
5
0
1
0
Ethiopia
62
Female
Birth-attendant
8
Hypertension
Animal-part
Smoke
Oral
1
2
2
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
7.6
9.1
0
5
0
1
0
Cameroon
69
Male
Spiritual-healer
12
Child-illness
Multi-herb
Decoction
Suppository
1
5
9
Antibiotics
0
Nephrotoxicity
Severe
1
Death
0
0
1
1
1
8.4
9.7
2
-1
3
6
1
Kenya
57
Female
Birth-attendant
25
Child-illness
Animal-part
Alcohol-extract
Suppository
0
2
2
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
11
13.1
0
5
0
1
1
Kenya
60
Female
Mixed
20
Cancer
Mixed
Paste
Topical
1
3
1
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
1
0
7
4.8
0
5
0
1
0
Uganda
22
Female
Herbalist
2
Hypertension
Single-herb
Smoke
Oral
0
4
19
None
0
Gastrointestinal
Life-threatening
3
Death
1
0
1
0
1
3.4
19.2
0
0
0
9
1
Nigeria
40
Male
Diviner
14
Child-illness
Mixed
Decoction
Oral
0
4
12
Antiretrovirals
0
Cardiotoxicity
Moderate
5
Hospitalised
0
1
0
0
1
2.8
15.6
5
-2.5
5
3
1
Mali
66
Female
Diviner
39
Infertility
Animal-part
Paste
Eye-drop
1
6
22
Antimalarials
1
Hepatotoxicity
Life-threatening
5
ICU
1
1
0
0
1
7.8
17.1
4
3
8
9
1
Malawi
13
Female
Birth-attendant
38
Hypertension
Animal-part
Powder
Topical
1
2
12
None
1
Neurotoxicity
Mild
1
Hospitalised
1
1
0
0
1
7.6
9.1
0
5
5
1
1
Malawi
63
Male
Spiritual-healer
39
Pain
Mineral
Decoction
Eye-drop
0
2
21
Antidiabetics
0
Drug-interaction
Life-threatening
11
ICU
0
0
0
0
1
7.8
18.8
3
-1.5
0
9
1
Cameroon
56
Female
Bone-setter
7
Cancer
Animal-part
Alcohol-extract
Enema
1
2
1
Antihypertensives
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
7.4
8.8
3
3.5
0
1
0
Uganda
18
Male
Spiritual-healer
26
Mental-health
Animal-part
Decoction
Topical
1
3
12
Antiretrovirals
0
Neurotoxicity
Life-threatening
8
Ongoing
1
1
0
0
1
5.2
8.1
5
-2.5
5
9
1
DRC
22
Male
Spiritual-healer
17
Cancer
Animal-part
Smoke
Inhalation
1
6
8
Antihypertensives
0
Drug-interaction
Moderate
9
Hospitalised
0
0
0
1
1
6.4
11.4
3
-1.5
0
3
1
Kenya
26
Male
Mixed
6
Mental-health
Single-herb
Alcohol-extract
Topical
0
2
1
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
1
0
4.2
11.3
0
5
0
1
1
Nigeria
58
Female
Diviner
30
Malaria
Mineral
Paste
Oral
0
1
1
None
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
12
10.8
0
0
0
1
1
Guinea
68
Male
Mixed
17
Malaria
Animal-part
Infusion
Enema
1
2
11
Antidiabetics
0
Nephrotoxicity
Moderate
8
Ongoing
0
0
0
0
1
3.4
8.8
3
-1.5
3
3
1
Uganda
61
Male
Mixed
6
Diabetes
Animal-part
Alcohol-extract
Inhalation
0
2
2
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
1
0
4.2
13.1
0
5
0
1
1
Cameroon
47
Female
Mixed
17
Infertility
Single-herb
Smoke
Enema
1
1
3
Antiretrovirals
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
9.4
7.4
5
2.5
0
1
1
Uganda
13
Male
Spiritual-healer
11
Pain
Mixed
Infusion
Enema
0
2
21
None
1
Cardiotoxicity
Moderate
11
Ongoing
1
1
0
0
1
2.2
15.8
0
5
5
3
1
Mali
31
Male
Diviner
15
HIV/AIDS
Mixed
Alcohol-extract
Oral
1
2
3
Antihypertensives
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
9
10.9
3
3.5
0
1
1
Nigeria
24
Female
Spiritual-healer
35
Other
Mineral
Powder
Inhalation
1
2
1
None
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
13
7.3
0
0
0
1
0
South Africa
74
Male
Herbalist
37
Pain
Multi-herb
Infusion
Topical
0
6
24
Multiple
0
Neurotoxicity
Severe
13
Death
0
0
0
0
1
7.4
17.2
8
-4
3
6
1
Ethiopia
1
Female
Bone-setter
27
Pain
Mixed
Paste
Suppository
1
5
9
Antihypertensives
1
Anaphylaxis
Mild
7
Ongoing
1
1
1
0
1
8.4
9.7
3
3.5
8
1
1
Senegal
21
Male
Bone-setter
22
HIV/AIDS
Single-herb
Infusion
Inhalation
1
1
2
Antidiabetics
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
1
0
7.4
5.6
3
3.5
0
1
0
Niger
40
Female
Traditional-surgeon
18
Pain
Multi-herb
Smoke
Oral
1
2
3
Antibiotics
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
0
0
3.6
9.4
2
4
0
1
0
Madagascar
56
Female
Diviner
31
Pain
Multi-herb
Infusion
Suppository
1
3
3
Antidiabetics
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
12.2
6.9
3
3.5
0
1
0
Uganda
46
Female
Birth-attendant
15
Malaria
Mineral
Infusion
Suppository
1
2
2
Antiretrovirals
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
0
0
6
6.1
5
2.5
0
1
1
Cameroon
4
Male
Bone-setter
37
Cancer
Single-herb
Paste
Topical
1
3
24
Antibiotics
0
Cardiotoxicity
Severe
10
Resolved
0
0
1
0
1
10.4
11.7
2
-1
3
6
1
Ethiopia
75
Female
Spiritual-healer
35
Diabetes
Multi-herb
Infusion
Inhalation
1
6
18
Antimalarials
0
Dermatological
Fatal
4
Resolved
1
0
0
0
1
7
12.9
4
-2
3
10
1
Cameroon
47
Female
Birth-attendant
5
Hypertension
Single-herb
Infusion
Eye-drop
0
5
16
Antidiabetics
0
Cardiotoxicity
Mild
14
Hospitalised
1
0
0
1
1
4
18.8
3
-1.5
0
1
1
Mali
21
Male
Birth-attendant
15
Other
Animal-part
Alcohol-extract
Enema
1
2
2
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
9
9.1
0
5
0
1
0
South Africa
64
Male
Birth-attendant
1
Cancer
Mineral
Oil
Suppository
1
2
15
None
0
Hepatotoxicity
Mild
1
Resolved
1
0
0
0
1
0.2
11.5
0
0
0
1
1
Cameroon
45
Male
Herbalist
33
Diabetes
Mixed
Powder
Enema
0
2
1
None
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
1
0
9.6
11.3
0
0
0
1
1
Ethiopia
28
Male
Traditional-surgeon
4
Child-illness
Mineral
Decoction
Eye-drop
1
6
13
Antibiotics
0
Neurotoxicity
Moderate
7
Resolved
1
0
0
1
1
3.8
14.4
2
-1
0
3
1
Ethiopia
30
Male
Birth-attendant
6
Child-illness
Mixed
Smoke
Oral
1
2
4
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
9.7
0
5
0
1
0
Mali
59
Female
Traditional-surgeon
40
HIV/AIDS
Single-herb
Decoction
Eye-drop
0
3
8
Anticoagulants
0
Drug-interaction
Mild
9
Hospitalised
1
1
0
1
1
11
15.4
5
-2.5
5
1
1
Ghana
8
Female
Diviner
9
Hypertension
Single-herb
Oil
Eye-drop
0
4
14
Multiple
0
Gastrointestinal
Mild
7
Ongoing
1
0
1
1
1
7.8
19.2
8
-4
0
1
1
Senegal
31
Female
Mixed
34
HIV/AIDS
Mixed
Paste
Eye-drop
1
1
2
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
12.8
8.6
0
5
0
1
0
South Africa
68
Male
Herbalist
19
Child-illness
Mixed
Alcohol-extract
Topical
1
3
16
Antidiabetics
1
Dermatological
Fatal
12
Hospitalised
0
1
0
0
1
3.8
12.3
3
3.5
8
10
1
Nigeria
44
Male
Diviner
14
Mental-health
Single-herb
Decoction
Oral
1
3
1
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
8.8
7.8
0
5
0
1
0
Uganda
29
Female
Diviner
16
Child-illness
Animal-part
Alcohol-extract
Suppository
1
2
4
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
9.2
9.7
0
5
0
1
0
Tanzania
50
Male
Birth-attendant
5
Diabetes
Mixed
Infusion
Oral
1
2
3
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
0
0
4
7.9
0
5
0
1
0
Nigeria
28
Female
Bone-setter
27
Cancer
Mixed
Paste
Oral
0
2
1
Antiretrovirals
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
11.4
11.3
5
2.5
0
1
1
Malawi
23
Female
Herbalist
12
Pain
Multi-herb
Paste
Suppository
0
3
1
Antibiotics
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
8.4
10.3
2
4
0
1
1
Nigeria
48
Male
Herbalist
29
Cancer
Animal-part
Infusion
Inhalation
0
5
24
None
0
Dermatological
Mild
12
ICU
0
1
0
0
1
5.8
18.2
0
0
5
1
1
South Africa
48
Male
Bone-setter
8
Malaria
Mineral
Decoction
Suppository
1
4
2
Antidiabetics
1
Drug-interaction
Moderate
6
Ongoing
0
1
0
0
1
1.6
7.1
3
3.5
5
3
1
Sierra Leone
64
Male
Spiritual-healer
20
Cancer
Single-herb
Paste
Topical
0
3
10
Antiretrovirals
0
Cardiotoxicity
Mild
8
Hospitalised
1
0
0
0
1
4
11.5
5
-2.5
0
1
1
Tanzania
63
Female
Diviner
24
Infertility
Multi-herb
Oil
Oral
1
1
2
Antimalarials
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
10.8
8.6
4
-2
0
1
0
Cameroon
62
Female
Diviner
39
Diabetes
Animal-part
Powder
Eye-drop
0
3
15
Antimalarials
0
Haematological
Fatal
10
Resolved
1
0
0
1
1
10.8
19
4
-2
0
10
1
Guinea
48
Female
Birth-attendant
20
Other
Single-herb
Paste
Oral
1
2
14
Anticoagulants
0
Haematological
Fatal
13
Death
1
0
0
0
1
4
11.2
5
-2.5
0
10
1
Ethiopia
26
Male
Diviner
28
Child-illness
Animal-part
Oil
Inhalation
0
4
14
Antimalarials
0
Nephrotoxicity
Life-threatening
2
ICU
0
1
1
0
1
8.6
16.2
4
-2
5
9
1
Sierra Leone
36
Male
Birth-attendant
5
Diabetes
Mineral
Decoction
Inhalation
1
2
4
None
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
7
6.7
0
0
0
1
0
Burkina Faso
51
Female
Diviner
5
Pain
Mixed
Infusion
Inhalation
1
2
2
None
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
7
6.1
0
0
0
1
0
Nigeria
60
Female
Traditional-surgeon
7
Other
Mixed
Decoction
Suppository
1
6
19
Antibiotics
0
Haematological
Severe
4
Resolved
1
0
1
0
1
4.4
13.2
2
-1
0
6
1
Malawi
31
Male
Spiritual-healer
9
Mental-health
Mineral
Smoke
Suppository
1
2
5
Antimalarials
0
Nephrotoxicity
Fatal
6
Hospitalised
0
0
1
0
1
4.8
8.5
4
-2
0
10
1
Ghana
27
Female
Spiritual-healer
20
Cancer
Multi-herb
Oil
Oral
0
3
13
None
0
Teratogenic
Life-threatening
3
Resolved
1
0
1
0
1
7
16.9
0
0
0
9
1
Cameroon
54
Male
Herbalist
15
Other
Mixed
Smoke
Inhalation
1
2
1
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
9
7.3
0
5
0
1
0
Ethiopia
50
Female
Spiritual-healer
11
Mental-health
Mixed
Decoction
Topical
0
2
3
Antibiotics
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
0
0
5.2
8.9
2
4
0
1
0
South Africa
51
Female
Herbalist
40
Cancer
Single-herb
Alcohol-extract
Suppository
0
6
20
Multiple
1
None
Severe
11
Hospitalised
1
0
0
0
1
8
20.5
8
1
0
6
1
Tanzania
20
Male
Diviner
12
Malaria
Multi-herb
Alcohol-extract
Inhalation
0
4
17
Antiretrovirals
0
Teratogenic
Moderate
5
Hospitalised
0
1
1
0
1
5.4
18.6
5
-2.5
5
3
1
Malawi
68
Male
Traditional-surgeon
28
Pain
Animal-part
Decoction
Enema
0
3
12
Anticoagulants
0
Nephrotoxicity
Mild
2
Resolved
1
0
0
0
1
5.6
13.6
5
-2.5
3
1
1
Mali
25
Male
Mixed
7
Diabetes
Mixed
Powder
Oral
1
2
2
None
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
0
1
0
4.4
9.1
0
0
0
1
0
Kenya
23
Male
Spiritual-healer
29
Infertility
Single-herb
Alcohol-extract
Enema
1
3
2
None
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
11.8
9.6
0
5
0
1
0
Zimbabwe
41
Female
Mixed
29
Other
Animal-part
Powder
Topical
0
2
21
Antiretrovirals
0
Neurotoxicity
Mild
7
Resolved
0
0
0
1
1
8.8
15.8
5
-2.5
0
1
1
Sierra Leone
16
Male
Diviner
25
Other
Animal-part
Decoction
Enema
1
3
15
Antihypertensives
1
Hepatotoxicity
Severe
13
Resolved
0
1
0
1
1
8
10.5
3
3.5
5
6
1
Nigeria
53
Female
Bone-setter
33
Malaria
Mineral
Smoke
Topical
0
4
12
Antiretrovirals
0
Teratogenic
Life-threatening
11
Resolved
1
0
0
0
1
6.6
14.1
5
-2.5
0
9
1
Uganda
29
Male
Spiritual-healer
7
Diabetes
Animal-part
Alcohol-extract
Enema
1
1
3
None
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
7.4
8.9
0
0
0
1
0
DRC
51
Female
Traditional-surgeon
31
Malaria
Mineral
Paste
Suppository
1
3
2
Anticoagulants
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
12.2
6.6
5
2.5
0
1
1
Cameroon
35
Female
Bone-setter
39
Cancer
Animal-part
Smoke
Inhalation
0
6
19
Antihypertensives
1
Neurotoxicity
Moderate
12
Resolved
1
1
1
0
1
10.8
18.7
3
3.5
5
3
1
Mali
60
Male
Bone-setter
20
Infertility
Mixed
Powder
Oral
0
4
16
Antidiabetics
0
Haematological
Life-threatening
10
Resolved
0
1
1
1
1
10
18.3
3
-1.5
5
9
1
Burkina Faso
18
Female
Herbalist
29
Infertility
Animal-part
Oil
Suppository
1
2
4
Antibiotics
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
0
0
8.8
8.2
2
4
0
1
0
Nigeria
22
Male
Spiritual-healer
14
Hypertension
Single-herb
Paste
Eye-drop
1
2
3
Antibiotics
0
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
8.8
9.4
2
-1
0
1
0
Tanzania
46
Male
Herbalist
38
Cancer
Animal-part
Oil
Enema
0
3
2
Antidiabetics
1
None
Mild
0
Resolved
0
0
1
1
0
13.6
12.1
3
3.5
0
1
1
Ghana
3
Male
Spiritual-healer
4
Hypertension
Single-herb
Infusion
Topical
1
4
24
None
1
Neurotoxicity
Severe
9
Hospitalised
0
0
0
0
1
0.8
12.2
0
5
3
6
1
South Africa
74
Male
Herbalist
34
Infertility
Mineral
Oil
Oral
0
5
23
Antibiotics
0
Hepatotoxicity
Severe
6
Hospitalised
0
0
0
0
1
6.8
20.9
2
-1
3
6
1
Cameroon
25
Female
Traditional-surgeon
34
HIV/AIDS
Multi-herb
Oil
Enema
1
3
21
Multiple
1
Hepatotoxicity
Severe
2
Death
0
0
1
0
1
9.8
13.8
8
1
0
6
1