country string | patient_age int64 | gender string | practitioner_type string | years_practicing int64 | reason_for_visit string | herb_type string | preparation_method string | administration_route string | dosage_known int64 | frequency_daily int64 | duration_weeks int64 | concurrent_western_meds string | disclosure_to_doctor int64 | adverse_event string | severity string | time_to_onset_days int64 | outcome string | hospitalisation_required int64 | previous_adverse_events int64 | registration_status int64 | quality_control int64 | label int64 | practitioner_experience_score float64 | herb_risk_score float64 | concurrent_med_risk float64 | care_integration_score float64 | patient_vulnerability float64 | event_severity_score float64 | high_risk_traditional float64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sierra Leone | 12 | Male | Bone-setter | 9 | Mental-health | Mineral | Infusion | Suppository | 0 | 2 | 7 | None | 0 | Anaphylaxis | Mild | 6 | ICU | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4.8 | 11.6 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Niger | 62 | Male | Bone-setter | 39 | Other | Animal-part | Powder | Eye-drop | 1 | 3 | 4 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10.8 | 11.7 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Tanzania | 75 | Male | Bone-setter | 35 | Pain | Animal-part | Oil | Oral | 1 | 6 | 20 | Anticoagulants | 1 | Nephrotoxicity | Life-threatening | 2 | Death | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 16.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 3 | 9 | 1 |
Zimbabwe | 54 | Female | Herbalist | 35 | Other | Multi-herb | Oil | Oral | 1 | 2 | 1 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 8.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Uganda | 49 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 29 | HIV/AIDS | Mineral | Decoction | Enema | 1 | 3 | 3 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8.8 | 6.9 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Ethiopia | 6 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 25 | Other | Mixed | Alcohol-extract | Inhalation | 1 | 4 | 10 | Antibiotics | 0 | Hepatotoxicity | Moderate | 1 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 12.5 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Sierra Leone | 51 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 3 | Other | Multi-herb | Infusion | Inhalation | 1 | 4 | 13 | Antihypertensives | 0 | Neurotoxicity | Fatal | 9 | ICU | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3.6 | 10.4 | 3 | -1.5 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
Kenya | 25 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 35 | Child-illness | Mixed | Paste | Suppository | 0 | 3 | 3 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 10.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
South Africa | 29 | Male | Birth-attendant | 22 | Mental-health | Single-herb | Smoke | Oral | 0 | 3 | 4 | Antidiabetics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.4 | 14.2 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Tanzania | 2 | Female | Herbalist | 24 | Mental-health | Single-herb | Infusion | Inhalation | 0 | 4 | 13 | None | 1 | Cardiotoxicity | Moderate | 4 | Ongoing | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4.8 | 14.4 | 0 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 1 |
Ghana | 52 | Female | Mixed | 8 | HIV/AIDS | Mineral | Oil | Suppository | 0 | 2 | 4 | Antidiabetics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4.6 | 12.2 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Guinea | 26 | Male | Birth-attendant | 16 | Mental-health | Mixed | Decoction | Inhalation | 1 | 2 | 3 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9.2 | 6.4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Sierra Leone | 59 | Male | Mixed | 14 | Child-illness | Mixed | Alcohol-extract | Enema | 1 | 4 | 17 | Antidiabetics | 1 | Drug-interaction | Severe | 7 | Hospitalised | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5.8 | 14.6 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
Ethiopia | 37 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 13 | Cancer | Mixed | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 2 | 17 | Anticoagulants | 0 | Neurotoxicity | Life-threatening | 5 | Ongoing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8.6 | 12.1 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Ghana | 19 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 31 | Infertility | Mineral | Decoction | Enema | 1 | 2 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Senegal | 43 | Female | Bone-setter | 19 | Infertility | Mineral | Infusion | Enema | 1 | 4 | 11 | Antibiotics | 0 | Nephrotoxicity | Mild | 5 | Hospitalised | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.8 | 9.8 | 2 | -1 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Zambia | 25 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 15 | Infertility | Mixed | Decoction | Inhalation | 1 | 2 | 3 | Multiple | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 6.4 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
DRC | 55 | Male | Diviner | 1 | Cancer | Animal-part | Paste | Eye-drop | 1 | 3 | 18 | Anticoagulants | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Moderate | 8 | Hospitalised | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.2 | 14.4 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Uganda | 29 | Female | Herbalist | 1 | Child-illness | Mineral | Smoke | Oral | 1 | 5 | 22 | None | 1 | Gastrointestinal | Life-threatening | 4 | ICU | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3.2 | 16.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Kenya | 30 | Male | Diviner | 17 | Pain | Multi-herb | Smoke | Eye-drop | 1 | 3 | 16 | Antidiabetics | 0 | Teratogenic | Fatal | 14 | ICU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.4 | 15.3 | 3 | -1.5 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
Nigeria | 55 | Female | Mixed | 29 | Infertility | Mixed | Smoke | Inhalation | 1 | 1 | 1 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11.8 | 6.8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Guinea | 60 | Female | Diviner | 16 | Infertility | Animal-part | Oil | Eye-drop | 1 | 5 | 11 | Antidiabetics | 0 | Haematological | Moderate | 10 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.2 | 14.8 | 3 | -1.5 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Guinea | 38 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 30 | Infertility | Animal-part | Decoction | Inhalation | 0 | 2 | 2 | Antibiotics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 10.1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Malawi | 54 | Male | Bone-setter | 26 | Pain | Multi-herb | Decoction | Oral | 0 | 2 | 1 | Antimalarials | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Sierra Leone | 49 | Female | Diviner | 30 | Other | Multi-herb | Alcohol-extract | Topical | 0 | 2 | 20 | None | 0 | None | Life-threatening | 8 | Resolved | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Nigeria | 73 | Female | Herbalist | 3 | Other | Mixed | Alcohol-extract | Inhalation | 0 | 4 | 15 | None | 0 | Drug-interaction | Moderate | 3 | ICU | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.6 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Ethiopia | 44 | Male | Diviner | 5 | Mental-health | Mineral | Infusion | Suppository | 1 | 3 | 19 | Antimalarials | 0 | Drug-interaction | Mild | 2 | Ongoing | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 11.7 | 4 | -2 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Ghana | 38 | Male | Bone-setter | 16 | Mental-health | Mineral | Powder | Oral | 1 | 4 | 9 | Multiple | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Severe | 14 | Ongoing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.2 | 12.2 | 8 | -4 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
Kenya | 53 | Male | Birth-attendant | 5 | Other | Animal-part | Infusion | Eye-drop | 1 | 1 | 3 | Anticoagulants | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 8.9 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
South Africa | 65 | Female | Herbalist | 26 | Infertility | Mineral | Infusion | Topical | 1 | 3 | 18 | Antibiotics | 0 | Hepatotoxicity | Moderate | 2 | Ongoing | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.2 | 9.9 | 2 | -1 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
Cameroon | 44 | Female | Birth-attendant | 6 | Mental-health | Mineral | Powder | Inhalation | 1 | 3 | 4 | Antiretrovirals | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7.2 | 8.7 | 5 | 2.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Cameroon | 64 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 35 | Cancer | Mineral | Decoction | Eye-drop | 1 | 6 | 20 | Antibiotics | 1 | Nephrotoxicity | Mild | 6 | Resolved | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 16.5 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Kenya | 17 | Female | Birth-attendant | 35 | Other | Single-herb | Paste | Inhalation | 1 | 3 | 12 | Antibiotics | 1 | Cardiotoxicity | Mild | 11 | Resolved | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 9.6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Cameroon | 27 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 30 | Diabetes | Multi-herb | Decoction | Suppository | 1 | 3 | 1 | Antimalarials | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 6.3 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Tanzania | 28 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 11 | Hypertension | Animal-part | Paste | Topical | 1 | 3 | 2 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
South Africa | 63 | Female | Bone-setter | 33 | Mental-health | Multi-herb | Oil | Enema | 1 | 2 | 1 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12.6 | 7.3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Ghana | 41 | Male | Diviner | 38 | Mental-health | Mineral | Infusion | Eye-drop | 0 | 5 | 9 | None | 0 | Dermatological | Fatal | 10 | Ongoing | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10.6 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 1 |
Uganda | 22 | Male | Diviner | 13 | Cancer | Mineral | Smoke | Suppository | 1 | 1 | 1 | Antibiotics | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8.6 | 6.8 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Uganda | 7 | Female | Diviner | 38 | Child-illness | Mineral | Powder | Oral | 0 | 3 | 23 | Antihypertensives | 0 | Nephrotoxicity | Life-threatening | 8 | ICU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7.6 | 19.9 | 3 | -1.5 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Rwanda | 29 | Male | Mixed | 19 | Infertility | Single-herb | Alcohol-extract | Enema | 1 | 2 | 1 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9.8 | 8.8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Kenya | 13 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 34 | Child-illness | Mineral | Infusion | Enema | 1 | 5 | 18 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | Drug-interaction | Severe | 13 | Resolved | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.8 | 12.4 | 5 | -2.5 | 5 | 6 | 1 |
Malawi | 19 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 24 | Other | Single-herb | Infusion | Oral | 1 | 2 | 3 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10.8 | 7.9 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Uganda | 44 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 27 | Cancer | Mineral | Powder | Inhalation | 0 | 1 | 1 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11.4 | 10.8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Uganda | 15 | Male | Birth-attendant | 28 | Child-illness | Animal-part | Decoction | Topical | 1 | 2 | 13 | Antibiotics | 1 | Nephrotoxicity | Mild | 3 | Hospitalised | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.6 | 7.9 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Zambia | 23 | Male | Diviner | 28 | Cancer | Mixed | Oil | Topical | 0 | 2 | 4 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8.6 | 10.7 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Cameroon | 29 | Male | Herbalist | 38 | Hypertension | Multi-herb | Infusion | Eye-drop | 1 | 2 | 3 | Antibiotics | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13.6 | 9.4 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Kenya | 42 | Female | Diviner | 39 | Malaria | Animal-part | Infusion | Suppository | 1 | 1 | 2 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10.8 | 5.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Mali | 41 | Male | Herbalist | 17 | Child-illness | Single-herb | Infusion | Inhalation | 1 | 6 | 2 | None | 0 | Nephrotoxicity | Mild | 4 | Resolved | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6.4 | 8.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Nigeria | 17 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 4 | Child-illness | Single-herb | Infusion | Topical | 1 | 2 | 10 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | Neurotoxicity | Life-threatening | 11 | Ongoing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.8 | 7 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Sierra Leone | 49 | Female | Bone-setter | 23 | Infertility | Animal-part | Powder | Topical | 0 | 2 | 8 | None | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Life-threatening | 4 | Death | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4.6 | 11.9 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 1 |
Guinea | 20 | Female | Diviner | 19 | Infertility | Single-herb | Infusion | Enema | 1 | 2 | 3 | Antidiabetics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Nigeria | 44 | Female | Diviner | 26 | Malaria | Multi-herb | Infusion | Eye-drop | 1 | 2 | 1 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11.2 | 8.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
DRC | 51 | Male | Herbalist | 4 | Malaria | Single-herb | Powder | Suppository | 0 | 6 | 8 | Antimalarials | 0 | Cardiotoxicity | Life-threatening | 11 | Ongoing | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.8 | 15.4 | 4 | -2 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Ethiopia | 41 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 14 | Infertility | Mineral | Oil | Oral | 0 | 1 | 3 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5.8 | 12.9 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
DRC | 20 | Male | Herbalist | 37 | Hypertension | Animal-part | Decoction | Suppository | 0 | 3 | 1 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Ghana | 58 | Female | Mixed | 14 | Child-illness | Animal-part | Decoction | Enema | 1 | 3 | 1 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8.8 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Burkina Faso | 23 | Male | Diviner | 24 | Cancer | Animal-part | Smoke | Eye-drop | 1 | 2 | 1 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Madagascar | 50 | Male | Bone-setter | 34 | Diabetes | Mixed | Paste | Eye-drop | 0 | 6 | 22 | Antidiabetics | 1 | Hepatotoxicity | Severe | 14 | ICU | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.8 | 21.1 | 3 | 3.5 | 5 | 6 | 1 |
Kenya | 64 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 34 | Diabetes | Single-herb | Paste | Oral | 0 | 2 | 3 | Antimalarials | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12.8 | 11.9 | 4 | -2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Mali | 7 | Male | Bone-setter | 34 | Other | Single-herb | Decoction | Enema | 1 | 5 | 20 | Antihypertensives | 0 | Haematological | Life-threatening | 12 | Resolved | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9.8 | 13 | 3 | -1.5 | 5 | 9 | 1 |
Niger | 53 | Female | Birth-attendant | 25 | Child-illness | Animal-part | Smoke | Oral | 1 | 5 | 8 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Fatal | 5 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 12.4 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
Ghana | 12 | Male | Herbalist | 6 | Malaria | Multi-herb | Alcohol-extract | Eye-drop | 0 | 2 | 10 | Antihypertensives | 1 | Nephrotoxicity | Mild | 2 | Hospitalised | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.2 | 18.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Uganda | 42 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 16 | Child-illness | Mixed | Smoke | Eye-drop | 1 | 3 | 1 | Antibiotics | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Tanzania | 44 | Male | Bone-setter | 10 | Cancer | Mineral | Infusion | Inhalation | 0 | 2 | 17 | Antibiotics | 1 | Haematological | Life-threatening | 2 | ICU | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 14.6 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 1 |
Kenya | 37 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 5 | Infertility | Multi-herb | Infusion | Suppository | 0 | 5 | 24 | Antibiotics | 0 | Neurotoxicity | Mild | 5 | ICU | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 18.2 | 2 | -1 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
DRC | 1 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 34 | Mental-health | Animal-part | Smoke | Oral | 1 | 5 | 4 | Antidiabetics | 0 | Teratogenic | Fatal | 13 | Resolved | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.8 | 11.2 | 3 | -1.5 | 3 | 10 | 1 |
Malawi | 35 | Female | Diviner | 32 | Other | Mineral | Decoction | Oral | 0 | 1 | 2 | Antibiotics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9.4 | 11.1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Rwanda | 44 | Female | Herbalist | 20 | Cancer | Multi-herb | Alcohol-extract | Enema | 1 | 3 | 1 | Antibiotics | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 9.3 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Nigeria | 59 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 18 | Other | Mineral | Oil | Suppository | 0 | 3 | 3 | Antimalarials | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6.6 | 12.4 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Nigeria | 69 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 5 | Mental-health | Mixed | Paste | Suppository | 0 | 4 | 22 | Antimalarials | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Life-threatening | 10 | Ongoing | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 17.1 | 4 | -2 | 8 | 9 | 1 |
Tanzania | 57 | Male | Herbalist | 22 | Diabetes | Mineral | Alcohol-extract | Topical | 0 | 3 | 14 | None | 1 | Hepatotoxicity | Moderate | 5 | Resolved | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7.4 | 15.7 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
Nigeria | 23 | Male | Herbalist | 8 | Hypertension | Mineral | Infusion | Eye-drop | 1 | 1 | 1 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7.6 | 8.3 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Burkina Faso | 34 | Female | Mixed | 5 | HIV/AIDS | Multi-herb | Decoction | Oral | 0 | 2 | 2 | Antihypertensives | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 11.6 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Niger | 29 | Male | Herbalist | 23 | Pain | Animal-part | Paste | Oral | 0 | 2 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Uganda | 38 | Female | Herbalist | 15 | Infertility | Mixed | Powder | Inhalation | 0 | 6 | 18 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Moderate | 6 | ICU | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 18.4 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Ethiopia | 29 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 24 | Hypertension | Mineral | Paste | Oral | 1 | 6 | 2 | Antibiotics | 1 | Neurotoxicity | Moderate | 5 | Death | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7.8 | 9.6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Tanzania | 1 | Male | Birth-attendant | 40 | Mental-health | Mineral | Paste | Inhalation | 0 | 2 | 11 | None | 0 | Dermatological | Mild | 9 | Hospitalised | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 12.8 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Kenya | 45 | Female | Birth-attendant | 7 | Pain | Multi-herb | Decoction | Topical | 1 | 3 | 4 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Zambia | 20 | Female | Herbalist | 32 | Infertility | Multi-herb | Infusion | Inhalation | 1 | 3 | 15 | Antiretrovirals | 1 | Neurotoxicity | Fatal | 8 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.4 | 10.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
Guinea | 23 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 35 | Malaria | Mineral | Alcohol-extract | Topical | 1 | 2 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 7.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
DRC | 26 | Male | Bone-setter | 30 | Hypertension | Animal-part | Powder | Topical | 1 | 1 | 2 | Antidiabetics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 5.6 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Rwanda | 42 | Male | Mixed | 16 | Diabetes | Animal-part | Infusion | Eye-drop | 1 | 3 | 4 | Multiple | 0 | Nephrotoxicity | Life-threatening | 2 | Ongoing | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6.2 | 10.2 | 8 | -4 | 5 | 9 | 1 |
Ghana | 30 | Male | Diviner | 7 | Child-illness | Single-herb | Powder | Suppository | 0 | 2 | 4 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 12.2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Uganda | 46 | Male | Diviner | 35 | Child-illness | Multi-herb | Oil | Suppository | 1 | 6 | 3 | Antibiotics | 0 | Anaphylaxis | Mild | 1 | Ongoing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 9.9 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Madagascar | 62 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 31 | Hypertension | Multi-herb | Oil | Eye-drop | 1 | 1 | 3 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12.2 | 10.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Senegal | 65 | Female | Bone-setter | 29 | HIV/AIDS | Animal-part | Oil | Eye-drop | 1 | 3 | 3 | Multiple | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8.8 | 11.4 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
DRC | 16 | Male | Herbalist | 26 | HIV/AIDS | Animal-part | Oil | Enema | 1 | 3 | 21 | Antihypertensives | 0 | Hepatotoxicity | Mild | 6 | ICU | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8.2 | 13.8 | 3 | -1.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Senegal | 24 | Female | Herbalist | 28 | Pain | Single-herb | Decoction | Eye-drop | 1 | 2 | 3 | Anticoagulants | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8.6 | 9.4 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Cameroon | 25 | Female | Bone-setter | 12 | Pain | Mixed | Oil | Eye-drop | 1 | 4 | 22 | Antiretrovirals | 1 | Haematological | Moderate | 1 | Ongoing | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.4 | 17.6 | 5 | 2.5 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Cameroon | 12 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 27 | Other | Single-herb | Infusion | Oral | 1 | 6 | 15 | Antihypertensives | 1 | Hepatotoxicity | Life-threatening | 2 | Death | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.4 | 13.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 5 | 9 | 1 |
Zambia | 19 | Male | Birth-attendant | 14 | HIV/AIDS | Mixed | Powder | Inhalation | 0 | 3 | 2 | Antibiotics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5.8 | 12.1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Ethiopia | 59 | Female | Bone-setter | 29 | Hypertension | Mixed | Alcohol-extract | Eye-drop | 0 | 2 | 9 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Life-threatening | 10 | Hospitalised | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.8 | 18.2 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Ghana | 26 | Female | Herbalist | 7 | Malaria | Mineral | Decoction | Topical | 0 | 4 | 22 | Antibiotics | 1 | Gastrointestinal | Life-threatening | 9 | Hospitalised | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4.4 | 15.6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
DRC | 37 | Female | Diviner | 32 | Cancer | Single-herb | Decoction | Enema | 0 | 2 | 21 | Antibiotics | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Life-threatening | 11 | Hospitalised | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.4 | 15.8 | 2 | -1 | 5 | 9 | 1 |
South Africa | 20 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 27 | Diabetes | Single-herb | Infusion | Suppository | 1 | 1 | 2 | Antibiotics | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11.4 | 5.6 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Kenya | 50 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 19 | HIV/AIDS | Multi-herb | Alcohol-extract | Enema | 0 | 4 | 16 | None | 0 | Teratogenic | Moderate | 6 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.8 | 18.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Malawi | 42 | Female | Herbalist | 21 | Mental-health | Single-herb | Powder | Topical | 0 | 2 | 11 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | Drug-interaction | Moderate | 9 | Hospitalised | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7.2 | 12.8 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Nigeria | 50 | Female | Diviner | 22 | Other | Multi-herb | Alcohol-extract | Eye-drop | 0 | 6 | 14 | Antibiotics | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Severe | 12 | Resolved | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10.4 | 21.7 | 2 | -1 | 5 | 6 | 1 |
Rwanda | 58 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 3 | Child-illness | Mixed | Oil | Oral | 0 | 4 | 5 | Antidiabetics | 0 | Neurotoxicity | Life-threatening | 10 | ICU | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.6 | 15 | 3 | -1.5 | 5 | 9 | 1 |
Ethiopia | 34 | Male | Herbalist | 17 | Malaria | Mineral | Powder | Suppository | 0 | 5 | 14 | Antimalarials | 1 | Drug-interaction | Severe | 11 | Hospitalised | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.4 | 16.7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
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