claim_id int64 0 3.13k | claim stringlengths 26 406 | evidence stringlengths 13 1.4k | evidence_label stringclasses 3
values | label stringclasses 3
values | category stringlengths 2 71 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,553 | 2009-2010 winter saw record cold spells. | Overall it was the coldest winter since 1978–79, with a mean temperature of 1.5 °C (34.7 °F). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Cold wave |
1,294 | “Because CO₂ acts as a fertilizer, as much as half of all vegetated land is persistently greener today. | Ammonia is produced from natural gas and air. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Fertilizer |
1,769 | CO2 levels are rising so fast that unless we decrease emissions, global warming will accelerate this century. | CO2 emissions are continuing to rise due to the burning of fossil fuels and land-use change. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming |
555 | In Alaska, brown bears are changing their feeding habits to eat elderberries that ripen earlier. | They often feed on a variety of plant life, including berries, grasses, flowers, acorns and pine cones, as well as fungi such as mushrooms. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Brown bear |
972 | “Arctic land stores about twice as much carbon as the atmosphere. | The atmosphere of Mars consists of about 96% carbon dioxide, 1.93% argon and 1.89% nitrogen along with traces of oxygen and water. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Mars |
2,359 | Therefore human emissions upset the natural balance, rising CO2 to levels not seen in at least 800,000 years. | These levels are much higher than at any time during the last 800,000 years, the period for which reliable data have been collected from ice cores. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming |
1,219 | Global warming is driving major melting on the surface of Greenland’s glaciers and is speeding up their travel into the sea.” | Not only does this increase the absorption of sunlight, it also increases melting and sea level rise. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
1,877 | During a state House debate on a jobs and energy bill this week, Democrats offered an amendment that would put the Legislature on record saying that climate change is real and that humans are causing it. | From 2008 to 2017, the Republican Party went from "debating how to combat human-caused climate change to arguing that it does not exist", according to The New York Times. | REFUTES | contradiction | Republican Party (United States) |
802 | that likewise determined that the actual increases in warming post-2000 was ‘generally smaller than trends estimated’ from the models.” | A March 2014 study found that climate models assuming natural variability which matched subsequent observations of ENSO phasing had produced realistic estimates of 15-year trends. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming hiatus |
971 | Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated. | Since 1979, satellite records indicate the decline in summer sea ice coverage has been about 13% per decade. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of global warming |
1,908 | In reality, gas produced by fracking is worse for the climate than coal. | Shale gas worse than coal for three impacts and better than renewables for four. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Shale gas |
1,296 | precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener | After an initial warming due to emissions of greenhouse gases, the atmosphere will hold more water. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
373 | Like countless other organisms, we move and adapt when the environment changes. | Efforts have been increasingly focused on the mitigation of greenhouse gases that are causing climatic changes, on developing adaptative strategies to global warming, to assist humans, other animal, and plant species, ecosystems, regions and nations in adjusting to the effects of global warming. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Natural environment |
2,887 | He claimed "the planet is running a ’fever’ and the prognosis is that it is apt to get much worse." | The improvement in prognosis can be attributed to the use of penicillin in the treatment of this disease. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scarlet fever |
2,844 | The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs and conspiracy theories that are contradicted by empirical observational data. | Both natural and social sciences are empirical sciences as their knowledge are based on empirical observations and are capable of being tested for its validity by other researchers working under the same conditions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Science |
2,071 | Carbon pollution is a health hazard. | Increased levels of fine particles in the air are linked to health hazards such as heart disease, altered lung function and lung cancer. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Air pollution |
1,653 | The most recent ocean measurements show consistent warming. | The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report stated that: Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
982 | Not everyone is convinced that the evidence is in that climate change is responsible for extreme swings between drought and deluge. | Health impacts of climate change include the direct impacts of extreme events such as storms, floods, heatwaves and fires and the indirect effects of longer-term changes, such as drought, changes to the food and water supply, resource conflicts and population shifts. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
1,908 | In reality, gas produced by fracking is worse for the climate than coal. | Because burning natural gas produces both water and carbon dioxide, it produces less carbon dioxide per unit of energy released than coal, which produces mostly carbon dioxide. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Natural gas |
785 | In many other cases, though — hurricanes, for example — the linkage to global warming for particular trends is uncertain or disputed. | In terrestrial ecosystems, the earlier timing of spring events, as well as poleward and upward shifts in plant and animal ranges, have been linked with high confidence to recent warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
3,052 | "...there has been no increase in the global average surface temperature for the past 16 years" (Judith Curry and David Rose) | Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade. | REFUTES | contradiction | Global warming |
586 | The sun was so intense, it took the mercury up to in excess of 120°F as it topped out at 122.4 °F (50.2°C). | Having almost no atmosphere to retain heat, it has surface temperatures that vary diurnally more than on any other planet in the Solar System, ranging from 100 K (−173 °C; −280 °F) at night to 700 K (427 °C; 800 °F) during the day across the equatorial regions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Mercury (planet) |
1,416 | In recent decades this warming has been accompanied by a constant rise in the sea level and, it would appear, by an increase of extreme weather events, even if a scientifically determinable cause cannot be assigned to each particular phenomenon. | The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming |
1,784 | Many lines of evidence, including simple accounting, demonstrate beyond a shadow of a doubt that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is due to human fossil fuel burning. | Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming o... | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,650 | The decline in tree-ring growth is openly discussed in papers and IPCC reports. | The Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) is a report by the IPCC which was published in 2000. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
2,422 | As of today,JAXA shows that we have more ice than any time on this date for the past 8 years of Aqua satellite measurement for this AMSRE dataset." | Starting from 1979 with Hakucho (CORSA-b), for nearly two decades Japan had achieved continuous observation with its Hinotori, Tenma, Ginga and ASCA (ASTRO-A through D) x-ray observation satellites. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | JAXA |
2,242 | The warming causes the oceans to release CO2. | As more CO2 and heat are absorbed by the ocean, it is acidifying and ocean circulation can change, changing the rate at which the ocean can absorb atmospheric carbon. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,184 | We have had ice ages and warmer periods when alligators were found in Spitzbergen. | Earth's climate alternates between ice ages and greenhouse periods, during which there are no glaciers on the planet. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Ice age |
484 | “We almost take forests as a given but we lose forest every year, which means we are diminishing them as a carbon sink. | Additionally, the amount of carbon released from harvesting is small compared to the amount of carbon lost each year to forest fires and other natural disturbances. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon sink |
420 | International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.” | He further said that the IEA is overstating the role of shale in a global market, and how the core job of the IEA, is not to take things out of context. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | International Energy Agency |
2,410 | "There is no actual evidence that carbon dioxide emissions are causing global warming. | Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change. | REFUTES | contradiction | Greenhouse gas |
938 | We’re not sure because we don’t have enough data, for long enough, to separate signal from noise,” said Eric J. Steig, a scientist at the University of Washington who has studied temperature trends in Antarctica. | In a study released in 2009, historical weather station data was combined with satellite measurements to deduce past temperatures over large regions of the continent, and these temperatures indicate an overall warming trend. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Antarctica cooling controversy |
2,630 | "A new storm and a new red spot on Jupiter hints at climate change, USA TODAY and dozens of other sources explained yesterday. | The Great Red Spot (GRS) is a persistent anticyclonic storm, 22° south of Jupiter's equator; observations from Earth establish a minimum storm lifetime of 350 years. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Atmosphere of Jupiter |
1,807 | CO2 emissions were much smaller 100 years ago. | Carbon dioxide mole fractions in the atmosphere have gone up by approximately 35 percent since the 1900s, rising from 280 parts per million by volume to 387 parts per million in 2009. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Greenhouse gas |
1,557 | Climate change is because of Pacific Decadal Oscillation. | Examples of this type of variability include the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Pacific decadal oscillation, and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate system |
2,973 | Also, it's not yet clear whether changes in stratospheric water vapor are caused by a climate feedback or internal variability | Natural changes in the climate system result in internal "climate variability". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change (general concept) |
1,919 | Measurements indicating that 2017 had relatively more sea ice in the Arctic and less melting of glacial ice in Greenland casts scientific doubt on the reality of global warming. | The effects of global warming in the Arctic, or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly, observed since the 1970s. | REFUTES | contradiction | Climate change in the Arctic |
2,845 | The original global temperature schematic which appeared in the IPCC First Assessment Report and seemed to show the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) hotter than Present was based on the central England temperature record, and ended in the 1950s. | This graph extended the similar graph in Figure 3.20 from the IPCC Second Assessment Report of 1995, and differed from a schematic in the first assessment report that lacked temperature units, but appeared to depict larger global temperature variations over the past 1000 years, and higher temperatures during the Mediev... | SUPPORTS | entailment | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
2,366 | Increased CO2 makes more water vapor, a greenhouse gas which amplifies warming | Water vapor responds to and amplifies effects of the other greenhouse gases. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Greenhouse gas |
3,112 | It also concludes that current northern hemisphere surface air temperatures are significantly higher than during the peak of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). | It was only in the 20th and 21st centuries that the Northern Hemisphere experienced higher temperatures. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Medieval Warm Period |
2,650 | The decline in tree-ring growth is openly discussed in papers and IPCC reports. | Scientific discussion takes place in journal articles that are peer-reviewed, which scientists subject to assessment every couple of years in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,592 | "A July 6, 2007 study published in the journal Science about Greenland by an international team of scientists found DNA “evidence that suggests the frozen shield covering the immense island survived the Earth’s last period of global warming,” according to a Boston Globe Article. ... | Scientific discussion takes place in journal articles that are peer-reviewed, which scientists subject to assessment every couple of years in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,455 | When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower. | For example, the mole fraction of carbon dioxide has increased from 280 ppm to 415 ppm, or 120 ppm over modern pre-industrial levels. | REFUTES | contradiction | Greenhouse gas |
2,238 | "An article in Science magazine illustrated that a rise in carbon dioxide did not precede a rise in temperatures, but actually lagged behind temperature rises by 200 to 1000 years. | In 2019 a paper published in the journal Science found the oceans are heating 40% faster than the IPCC predicted just five years before. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of global warming |
1,414 | The earth is 15 years from a “mini ice-age” that will cause bitterly cold winters during which rivers such as the Thames freeze over, scientists have predicted. | The Thames remained frozen over for about 8 weeks. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Winter |
2,070 | When life is considered, ocean acidification is often found to be a non-problem, or even a benefit. | "Rising levels of acids in seas may endanger marine life, says study". | REFUTES | contradiction | Ocean acidification |
2,113 | IPCC overestimate temperature rise | Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade. | REFUTES | contradiction | Global warming |
41 | More than 500 scientists and professionals in climate and related fields have sent a 'European Climate Declaration' to the Secretary-General of the United Nations | The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is an international synthesis by over 1000 of the world's leading biological scientists that analyzes the state of the Earth's ecosystems and provides summaries and guidelines for decision-makers. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sustainability |
1,268 | The thermal expansion of the oceans, compounded by melting glaciers, resulted in the highest global sea level on record in 2015. | Since the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago, the sea level has risen by more than 125 metres (410 ft), with rates varying from less than a mm/year to 40+ mm/year, as a result of melting ice sheets over Canada and Eurasia. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
990 | many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough | The restoration was complicated by the presence of old seawalls, groins, piles of rocks and other structures. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Beach nourishment |
949 | Under the most ambitious scenarios, they found a strong likelihood that Antarctica would remain fairly stable.” | (2007) stated that the SRES represented "a substantial advance from prior scenarios". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
1,638 | Worry about global warming impacts in the next 100 years, not an ice age in over 10,000 years. | Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 were equivalent to 49 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (using the most recent global warming potentials over 100 years from the AR5 report). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
1,251 | “Underneath the permafrost there are sediments full of methane hydrates. | (2008) estimate that not less than 1,400 gigatonnes of carbon is presently locked up as methane and methane hydrates under the Arctic submarine permafrost, and 5–10% of that area is subject to puncturing by open taliks. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Clathrate gun hypothesis |
2,888 | But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade. | Global climate change has contributed to the higher sea surface and ocean temperatures, and a warmer and moister atmosphere, and its effects are in the range of 5 to 10%. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Hurricane Sandy |
593 | It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees. | The average separation for all users of the application is 5.73 degrees, whereas the maximum degree of separation is 12. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Six degrees of separation |
2,363 | The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature. | Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change based on published sources. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
1,069 | “There is now less sea ice on Earth than at any time on record. | However, ice melt caused world sea levels to rise about 35 m (115 ft) in the early part of the Holocene. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Holocene |
3,063 | 'Another global warming myth comes crashing down. | Henderson asserts that a decline in the number of pirates over the years is the cause of global warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Flying Spaghetti Monster |
2,720 | The result did suggest the sea level was increasing in the western Pacific, but this was offset by a drop in the level near the Alaskan coast. | A drop of eustatic sea level by about 60 m to 120 m lower than present-day levels, commencing around 30,000 years BP, created Beringia, a durable and extensive geographic feature connecting Siberia with Alaska. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Settlement of the Americas |
1,050 | In Albany, New York, the high temperature of 74 degrees on Thursday was the warmest temperature on record for any day during the months of December, January and February. | January February March April May June July August September October November December December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and is the seventh and last of seven months to have a length of 31 days. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | December |
1,999 | there is no relationship between temperature and carbon dioxide emissions by Âhumans[...] | IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1 2007, FAQ1.1: "To emit 240 W m−2, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,853 | The Ozone Layer stops UV radiation from entering our atmosphere. | The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet solar radiation, permitting life on land. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Earth |
2,202 | More specifically, around 95% of active climate researchers actively publishing climate papers endorse the consensus position. | A 2010 paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States (PNAS) reviewed publication and citation data for 1,372 climate researchers and drew the following two conclusions: (i) 97–98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field support the tenets of ACC (Anthropogeni... | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,843 | Together, these two unaltered [sea level] datasets indicate that global mean sea level trend has remained stable over the entire period 1992-2007, altogether eliminating the apparent 3.2 mm/year rate of sea-level rise arising from the “adjusted” data. | Since 1900, the sea level has risen at an average of 1.7 mm (0.067 in) per year; since 1993, satellite altimetry from TOPEX/Poseidon indicates a rate of about 3 mm (0.12 in) per year. | REFUTES | contradiction | Physical impacts of climate change |
1,505 | according, again, to the official figures—during this past 10 years, if anything, mean global temperature, average world temperature, has slightly declined. | Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,967 | The contribution of waste heat to the global climate is 0.028 W/m2. | Anthropogenic heat is a much smaller contributor to global warming than are greenhouse gases. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Waste heat |
2,101 | Clouds provide negative feedback | Broadly speaking, if clouds, especially low clouds, increase in a warmer climate, the resultant cooling effect leads to a negative feedback in climate response to increased greenhouse gases. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Cloud |
349 | Nor is there evidence of an increase in floods globally. | Sea level rise causes an increase in frequency and magnitude of floodings in the city that already spent more than 6 billion$ on the flood barrier system. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
2,206 | No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the contrary. | The models, while accurately predicting the tropics, tend to produce significantly cooler temperatures of up to 20 °C (36 °F) colder than the actual determined temperature at the poles. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Eocene |
2,849 | "by the 2001 [IPCC] climate assessment...the Medieval Warm Period had been ingeniously wiped out. | "We concur with the climate science assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2001 ... We endorse the conclusions of the IPCC assessment..." Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
254 | it’s virtually impossible to get funded for work that disputes climate change through other channels [other than oil companies] | During the 1990s, the tobacco campaign died away, and TASSC began taking funding from oil companies including Exxon. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change denial |
3,075 | Multiple lines of evidence indicate Greenland's ice loss is accelerating and will contribute sea level rise in the order of metres over the next few centuries. | Estimates on future contribution to sea level rise from Greenland range from 0.3 to 3 metres (1 to 10 ft), for the year 2100. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
2,783 | The study indicates far less future global warming will occur than United Nations computer models have predicted, and supports prior studies indicating increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide trap far less heat than alarmists have claimed. | The authors conclude that "anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gases have led to unprecedented regional warmth." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change in the Arctic |
2,312 | Everybody knows that the Pacific island of Tuvalu is sinking. ... | "Coral islands defy sea-level rise over the past century: Records from a central Pacific atoll". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Tuvalu |
558 | Species that have a lot of plasticity tend to be generalists. | The American coyote is an example of a generalist. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of climate change on terrestrial animals |
2,132 | Freedom of Information (FOI) requests were ignored | In two cases, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) issued decisions on appeals of Freedom of Information (FOI) requests which had been turned down by the university. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climatic Research Unit email controversy |
2,396 | Overall Greenland is losing ice mass at an accelerating rate. | "Sharply increased mass loss from glaciers and ice caps in theCanadian Arctic Archipelago". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Retreat of glaciers since 1850 |
830 | parts of the Earth will likely become close to uninhabitable | At current rates, sea level would be high enough to make the Maldives uninhabitable by 2100. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
634 | But there is also good data showing sea levels | Water levels have been recorded since 1875, averaging about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) above sea level. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Great Salt Lake |
840 | At four degrees, the deadly European heat wave of 2003, which killed as many as 2,000 people a day, will be a normal summer. | For comparison, the 2003 European heat wave killed an estimated 35,000–70,000 people, with temperatures slightly less than in India and Pakistan. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | 2019 heat wave in India and Pakistan |
1,433 | Eleven percent of the world’s population is currently vulnerable to climate change impacts such as droughts, floods, heat waves, extreme weather events and sea-level rise. | Human-induced climate change has, e.g., the potential to alter the prevalence and severity of extreme weathers such as heat waves, cold waves, storms, floods and droughts. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate change in the United States |
861 | None of these places, which today supply much of the world’s food, will be reliable sources of any. | The state produces about 75% of the phosphate required by farmers in the United States and 25% of the world supply, with about 95% used for agriculture (90% for fertilizer and 5% for livestock feed supplements) and 5% used for other products. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Florida |
948 | In a study last year, Robert M. DeConto of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and David Pollard of Pennsylvania State University used their computer model to predict what would happen if emissions were reduced sharply over the next few decades, in line with international climate goals. | Decision 1/CP.16, paragraph 4, in UNFCCC: Cancun 2010: "deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions are required according to science, and as documented in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with a view to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions so as to hold the increase i... | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,181 | Humans survived past climate changes | This epoch experienced important geographic and climatic changes that affected human societies. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Paleolithic |
2,117 | Global sea level data shows that sea level rise has been increasing since 1880 while future sea level rise predictions are based on physics, not statistics. | As climate research into past and present sea levels leads to improved computer models, projections have consistently increased. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
1,181 | However, there is a process of accretion, where coral broken up by the waves washes up on these low-lying islands as sand, counteracting the reduction in land mass. | Over time, corals fragment and die, sand and rubble accumulates between the corals, and the shells of clams and other molluscs decay to form a gradually evolving calcium carbonate structure. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Coral |
2,579 | Over the past 250 years, humans have added just one part of CO2 in 10,000 to the atmosphere. | Global annual mean CO 2 concentration has increased by more than 45% since the start of the Industrial Revolution, from 280 ppm during the 10,000 years up to the mid-18th century to 415 ppm as of May 2019. | REFUTES | contradiction | Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere |
1,591 | Murry Salby finds CO2 rise is natural. | While CO 2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity. | REFUTES | contradiction | Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere |
128 | Sea level rise, which was occurring long before humans could be blamed, has not accelerated. | "Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the altimeter era". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
157 | Contemporary Global Warming placed in geological context. | The 1850–1900 period is a reasonable pragmatic surrogate for preindustrial global mean temperature." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
1,216 | …obsessing about climate change is avoiding a frank discussion about the here-and-now problems of budget deficits, the federal debt, school choice, entitlement reform, and so on. | His positions on fiscal policy have included tax cuts, cuts to entitlement programs, freezes on discretionary spending, the elimination of automatic inflation increases in calculating budget baselines, deregulation, and the privatization of social security, Medicare, Medicaid, and education. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Political positions of Paul Ryan |
237 | However the warming trend is slower than most climate models have forecast | The general public had little awareness of carbon dioxide's effects on climate, but Science News in May 1959 forecast a 25% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in the 150 years from 1850 to 2000, with a consequent warming trend. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global cooling |
1,565 | They changed the name from 'global warming' to 'climate change'. | Climate change adaptation (CCA) is a response to global warming (also known as "climate change" or "anthropogenic climate change"). | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate change adaptation |
194 | The main greenhouse gas is water vapour[…] | As water is a potent greenhouse gas, this further heats the climate: the water vapour feedback. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,068 | Global warming responsible for record 2019 July warmth in Alaska. | "Absurd January Warmth in Arctic Brings Record-Low Sea Ice Extent". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Arctic sea ice decline |
2,128 | Less than half of published scientists endorse global warming | Various surveys have been conducted to evaluate scientific opinion on global warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
454 | Man-made greenhouse gases play only an insignificant role.” | It is likely that anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) warming, such as that due to elevated greenhouse gas levels, has had a discernible influence on many physical and biological systems. | REFUTES | contradiction | Greenhouse gas |
2,523 | This is called the "atmospheric greenhouse effect", and without it the Earth's surface would be much colder. | The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Greenhouse effect |
1,933 | Newt Gingrich "teamed with Nancy Pelosi and Al Gore on global warming." | Gore was initially hesitant to be Bill Clinton's running mate for the 1992 United States presidential election, but after clashing with the George H. W. Bush administration over global warming issues, he decided to accept the offer. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Al Gore |
861 | None of these places, which today supply much of the world’s food, will be reliable sources of any. | It was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and a vital source of food and water. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Melbourne |
Subsets and Splits
SQL Console for Yoonseong/climatebert_factcheck
The query retrieves all entries from the train dataset where the evidence label is 'SUPPORTS', providing basic filtering of the data.