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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_233_1 | It's clear from recent events that many expected synergies of financial service activities, whatever benefits that they gave during times of economic prosperity, gave rise to conflicts and excessive risk taking. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_255_0 | Mrs. Maloney: Absolutely, if time permits. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_257_0 | The Chairman: Well, the rule is that no member can ask questions after their 5 minutes is up, but if there is a question pending, we will take it. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_259_0 | I think Gramm-Leach-Bliley has some definite positives in terms of diversification, complementary services and the like has created very, very big firms. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_294_3 | And we wonder why there are disruptions when you have artificially low interest rates, you cause the malinvestment, you cause excessive debt to accumulate, and you cause the bubbles to burst. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_295_0 | And then when they burst, the only thing we can come back for is more regulations and more inflation, we need lower interest rates, we need to print more money. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_296_0 | But it is back to this basic fundamental problem that we think that we can compensate for lack of savings by creating money out of thin air, and it doesn't work. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_310_0 | In the last 3 years, we have created $4 trillion of new dollars. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_311_0 | But when we go to China, we tell the Chinese we want a weak dollar. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_312_0 | I would like to see if I can get the Secretary of the Treasury to explain this to me. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_110_0 | In terms of--when we started thinking about regulatory structure, we began the thinking before this period of market turmoil, well before this. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_111_0 | And we started off saying, if we were beginning from scratch, which we obviously aren't, how would you design a system? | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_110_1 | In terms of--when we started thinking about regulatory structure, we began the thinking before this period of market turmoil, well before this. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_110_2 | In terms of--when we started thinking about regulatory structure, we began the thinking before this period of market turmoil, well before this. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_113_0 | And to me, to get to there, as the Chairman said, would take a good while. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_120_1 | And then the things we have talked about here that can be done quickly are the resolution authorities for complex financial institutions that aren't federally insured, giving the Federal Reserve authority and responsibility over the payment systems, which can be done very quickly; moving to have the Fed while retaining... | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_130_0 | I'm stunned when I hear about these exotic products and how they could ever have come into being without any oversight. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_132_0 | I came on this committee right after the S&L scandal, and I heard a lot about reform. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_192_0 | And more recently, Jeffrey Lacker, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, and he said--he got into details about the need for regulators to distinguish between fundamental and nonfundamental runs on financial institutions when considering intervention by the regulators. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_219_0 | So since we have gone into the investment banks, they have all raised their liquidity, not reduced it. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_226_0 | Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask for unanimous consent to submit for the record Secretary Paulson's speech in London on July 2nd on market discipline. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_16_0 | But short term, I do worry about new capital requirements and liquidity standards as sort of precipitating and sort of a tension between that and the need for these institutions to raise more capital. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_60_0 | We have been doing that from before the turmoil started, from the day I set foot in Washington. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_60_1 | We have been doing that from before the turmoil started, from the day I set foot in Washington. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_65_0 | I am just urging, either you recognize that now, and if you need emergency powers on some of these things you mentioned to us before we get to catastrophe. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_71_0 | We have a program that's going to get us through this period, and we are working to do things to help that securitization market become more vital. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_80_0 | We have September, and then we have the election season coming up. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_91_1 | But this is going to take some time, so begin work urgently on that. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_107_0 | Is this something you would expect to happen next year, or would it take 3 to 5 years to do this? | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_116_0 | So we started with that vision, and then we came up with some immediate priorities and some other things that could be done in the intermediate term. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_172_0 | Admittedly, it would be better if it had been earlier, but we have responded and you'll soon see the proposal or the rules that we are going to be issuing with respect to consumer protection. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_230_0 | I also want to welcome Chairman Bernanke, who has brought the Fed to fully realize its role, not only managing monetary policy and guarding the safety and soundness of our financial institutions, but also focusing on curbing unfair and deceptive practices that have hurt working Americans and our overall economy. | [
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_237_0 | And in view of these recent events and challenges, some have said that the repeal and deregulation of Glass-Steagal may have gone too far. | [
[
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because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_250_1 | And that's why it's taking so long to work through this. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_274_1 | But I would like to take a minute to just challenge something he said during his questioning, because he made the flat statement that there was no alternative to the Federal Reserve system. | [] |
because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_284_2 | When Enron failed, we immediately said, well, it must have happened because we didn't have enough regulation, so Congress immediately responded by passing Sarbanes-Oxley. | [] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_6_0 | And second, we should address the issue that has arisen, in particular over the past few years, of U.S. Government backing for very large financial enterprises that have basically an unlimited ability to take risk around the world. | [] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_13_0 | Because these banks are too big to fail, they have lower funding costs, they are able to attract more capital, they make more money over the cycle, and they continue to get larger. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_13_1 | Because these banks are too big to fail, they have lower funding costs, they are able to attract more capital, they make more money over the cycle, and they continue to get larger. | [] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_15_0 | If you look at the European situation today, for example, it is much worse than what we have in this country with regard to the size of the largest banks. | [] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_18_0 | If we allow our biggest banks to continue to build on these unfair market advantages and the lower funding costs, we will head in the same direction. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_19_0 | I think I would suggest to you that you consider imposing a size cap on banks relative not to total normal assets or liabilities, which is the Volcker proposal, because that is not bubble-proof. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_20_0 | If you have a massive increase in house prices, real estate prices, such as happened in Japan in the 1980s, you will have a big increase in the normal size of bank balance sheets. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_21_0 | And when the bubble bursts, you are going to have a big problem. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_25_0 | Now, if you were to impose a size cap of, say, 3 or 5 percent of GDP, no bank can be larger than that size, that would return our biggest banks roughly to the position that they had in the early 1990s. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_29_0 | But since the early 1990s, we have developed a lot more system risk focused on the existence of these very big banks. | [] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_30_0 | So, as Mr. Corrigan said, the essence of this crisis was lending, but it was lending that at the heart of it was based on the idea you could make nonrecourse loans to people who can walk away from their homes when the house value falls, leaving the bank with huge losses. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_33_0 | Well, I think it was very much about the size of these banks and very much about the support they expected to receive when they are under duress. | [] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_37_0 | I think the degree of unfair market competition, the degree to which the community banks are disadvantaged by the current situation, because they have to pay a lot more money--they pay higher interest for funds, their cost of capital is higher--this is unfair. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_38_0 | This dynamic will continue unless you put an effective cap on it. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_48_0 | I had never anticipated as a retired citizen that I would find myself here, but I really am here to voice support for Mr. Volcker's suggestion, the Volcker Rule. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_52_0 | But I do say it from the point of view that if we were take a blank piece of paper and we were to say to ourselves, how can we design a financial system that would both serve the public and also be relatively safe and relatively unlikely to have a repeat of what we had, you would start out certainly with capital, which... | [] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_54_0 | But I would argue that you would also look to maybe compartmentalize the industry, not deny any function to the industry in general, but compartmentalize it so as to limit economic spillover. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_56_0 | These are cultures that have to exist for the particular purpose, but they have their own particular characteristics and there is no question in my mind but these cultures have an impact on the institution within which they are embedded. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_57_0 | And if I were asked to design a system, I would not allow these kind of cultures and activities to be a part of large depository and traditional lending institutions. | [] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_60_0 | And I do this because I think the culture from the capital markets that rubs off has to do with risk taking. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_62_0 | So I believe as a part of a comprehensive reform that Mr. Volcker's idea with regard to separation of some of these functions makes a lot of sense, not because I am concerned about the economics, but because I am concerned of the nature of the impact that these various activities have on the players and the financial m... | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_70_0 | You could deal with size by having capital requirements that relate to the size of intra-industry activity, and obviously increasing capital as intra-industry activity goes up. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_75_0 | So the issue of size, I think, is also relevant, and so I think the two keys to Mr. Volcker's suggestion, that of segregation of function within the industry and particularly the protection of the large deposit-taking institutions and the idea of being concerned about size, have merit and deserve the consideration of t... | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_76_0 | A final comment, if I could. | [] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_77_0 | I believe that one of the reasons that JPMorgan Chase did better than many others during this recent crisis is they did not have embedded in that institution a real money market activity, a trading house. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_50_0 | I don't say this because I think the absence of that rule was central to the difficulties that we have just come through. | [
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because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_57_1 | And if I were asked to design a system, I would not allow these kind of cultures and activities to be a part of large depository and traditional lending institutions. | [
[
40,
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] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_66_0 | This is where the ``too big to fail'' comes into play. | [
[
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[
31,
35
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] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_67_0 | It isn't the balance sheet of the bank that is the problem on ``too big to fail.'' | [
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64,
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75,
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] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_77_1 | I believe that one of the reasons that JPMorgan Chase did better than many others during this recent crisis is they did not have embedded in that institution a real money market activity, a trading house. | [] |
because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_46_0 | Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for your kind welcome. | [
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because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_1_0 | The Dayton Democrat, who has traveled to other crisis points including Sierra Leone and North Korea, will spend three days visiting hospitals and other facilities to seek understanding why aid has been ineffective in stemming malnourishment and other medical problems. | [
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because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_2_0 | Iraq has been under economic sanctions since the war ended, which some say have thwarted the country's ability to recover from the devastation of the bombing campaign. | [
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because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_7_0 | Hall flies to Amman, Jordan, on Friday, where he'll spend the night before driving to Iraq. | [] |
because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_0_0 | Iraq clears visit by Ohio official By Scott Montgomery Washington The Iraqi government has agreed to let U.S. Rep. Tony Hall visit the country next week to assess a humanitarian crisis that has festered since the Gulf War of 1990, Hall's office said Monday. | [
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because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_2_1 | Iraq has been under economic sanctions since the war ended, which some say have thwarted the country's ability to recover from the devastation of the bombing campaign. | [] |
because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_5_0 | Hall will be only the second member of Congress to travel in Iraq since the war, according to Hall's office. | [] |
because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_3_0 | During his four days in Iraq, Hall said he wanted to investigate reports from relief agencies that a quarter of Iraqi children may be suffering from chronic malnutrition. | [
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because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_5_0 | If supplies are not reaching the people who need them, Hall said, he wanted to find out whether the United Nations or relief agencies needed to handle things differently, or whether "Iraq needs to get out of the way and let us do the job." | [
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because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_6_0 | The Iraqi government blames the embargo for the malnutrition, infant mortality and other hardships. | [
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because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_7_0 | The sanctions cannot be lifted until U.N. inspectors certify that Iraq has eliminated its weapons of mass destruction and the means to produce them. | [
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because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_0_0 | Ohio Congressman Arrives in Jordan AMMAN, Jordan (AP) U.S. Representative Tony Hall arrived in Jordan on Saturday en route to Iraq, where he is expected to look into the plight of Iraqis after nearly 10 years of U.N. trade sanctions. | [] |
because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_1_0 | Hall, an Ohio Democrat and one of very few U.S. congressmen to visit Iraq since the 1991 Gulf War over Kuwait, is scheduled to embark Sunday the 12-hour overland trip to the Iraqi capital, Baghdad. | [] |
because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_2_0 | He did not speak to reporters in Jordan, but he told The Associated Press before leaving the United States that he hopes to "separate the humanitarian work from the political issues." | [] |
because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_3_1 | During his four days in Iraq, Hall said he wanted to investigate reports from relief agencies that a quarter of Iraqi children may be suffering from chronic malnutrition. | [] |
because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_10_0 | Energy Secretary Bill Richardson went to Baghdad in 1995 while a representative for New Mexico. | [] |
because_20020731-nyt.ann_1_0 | On the basis of thousands of pages of information developed in an earlier federal inquiry into Torricelli's activities, the committee chastised him for using poor judgment and disregarding Senate rules in his dealings with the former donor, David Chang. | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_2_0 | "Your actions and failure to act led to violations of Senate rules (and related statutes) and created at least the appearance of impropriety," the three Democrats and three Republicans on the committee said in a three-page letter to Torricelli. | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_4_0 | The committee's action comes six months after federal prosecutors ended a lengthy criminal investigation into Torricelli's activities without filing criminal charges. | [] |
because_20020731-nyt.ann_6_0 | After months in which polls showed Torricelli well ahead of his relatively unknown Republican rival, the contest has narrowed in recent weeks. | [] |
because_20020731-nyt.ann_11_0 | Within minutes after the committee released its letter publicly, Torricelli took the Senate floor Tuesday night to apologize to the people of New Jersey for allowing his seat in the chamber "to be placed in this position." | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_12_0 | During nearly seven hours of sworn testimony last week before the members and staff of the ethics panel, Torricelli said that he had not taken any gifts from Chang, and that what items he had accepted from the businessman he had later paid Chang for, one person familiar with his account said. | [] |
because_20020731-nyt.ann_13_0 | Torricelli also insisted that he had not done any unusual favors for Chang, who first turned to the senator in 1995 for help in winning the repayment of some $71 million he said he was then owed in a failed business deal with the North Korean government. | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_17_0 | During that time, the panel said, Torricelli and members of his Senate staff took a series of actions to help Chang, contacting U.S. government officials, writing letters to foreign government officials and bringing Chang or his business representatives into meetings with foreign officials. | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_20_0 | In May, that judge sentenced sentenced Chang to 18 months' imprisonment for obstructing justice and making $53,700 in illegal campaign contributions to Torricelli's 1996 Senate campaign. | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_16_0 | The committee criticized Torricelli for maintaining a "personal and official relationship with Chang under circumstances where you knew that he was attempting to ingratiate himself, in part through a pattern of attempts to provide you and those around you with gifts over a period of several years." | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_7_0 | It was the first time that the Senate Ethics Committee had voted to take action against a senator since 1995, when it recommended that Bob Packwood, an Oregon Republican, be expelled on the ground of sexual and official misconduct. | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_0_0 | SENATE ETHICS PANEL ADMONISHES NEW JERSEY SENATOR FOR CONDUCT RELATED TO GIFTS WASHINGTON The Senate Ethics Committee on Tuesday night "severely admonished" Sen. Robert G. Torricelli, D-N.J., saying he had violated Senate rules by accepting and failing to disclose expensive gifts from a former contributor to whom he r... | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_33_0 | A person familiar with Torricelli's testimony to the committee said he had told its members that he repaid the "wholesale" cost of the appliances because Chang told him that was what he had paid. | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_34_0 | The ethics panel also criticized Torricelli for taking two bronze statues on loan from Chang. | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_38_0 | According to a government official involved in the inquiry, the information reviewed by the Ethics Committee also included an analysis by federal investigators showing that during the period in which Chang claimed to have made numerous cash payments to Torricelli, the senator spent thousands of dollars more in cash tha... | [] |
because_20020731-nyt.ann_39_0 | The analysis, which was assembled from banking and credit records, income-tax returns and congressional financial-disclosure forms, showed by March of 1998, Torricelli's cash expenditures were more than $22,000 in excess of the cash he had generated from checks and automatic-teller machines, an official who has reviewe... | [] |
because_20020731-nyt.ann_45_0 | POWELL IN BRUNEI FOR TERROR TALKS; BUT HUMAN RIGHTS REMAINS PERSISTENT ISSUE BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN, Brunei U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell arrived here on Tuesday night for meetings with fellow foreign ministers aimed at solidifying a second front, in Southeast Asia, in the campaign against global terrorism. | [
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because_20020731-nyt.ann_47_0 | In meetings on Tuesday in Malaysia and Singapore before touching down in this oil-producing sultanate for two days of talks with members of the Association of South East Asian Nations, Powell said he repeatedly raised the issue. | [
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