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200 | Lady Wilde wrote Oscar a lengthy letter seeking reconciliation between him and Willie, who, she said, was "sickly and extravagant". She added that she was "miserable at the present position of [her] two sons" and "at the general belief that you hate your brother". She then asked Oscar to hold out his hand to Willie, a ... |
201 | Following Oscar's arrest and first trial in April 1895, Willie claimed that he gave his brother shelter when he was unable to find rooms in London. Willie said that Oscar "fell down on my threshold like a wounded stag". Standing by his brother, Willie wrote to Bram Stoker, "Bram, my friend, poor Oscar was not as bad as... |
202 | On 13 March 1899 Willie died, aged 46, at 9 Cheltenham Terrace in Chelsea from complications related to his alcoholism. After Robert Ross wrote to Oscar in France informing him of Willie's death, Oscar replied: "I suppose it had been expected for some time. ... Between him and me there had been, as you know, wide chasm... |
203 | Willie's widow remarried in 1900. Her second husband, who became Dolly's stepfather, was the Dutch-born translator Alexander Teixeira de Mattos. |
204 | Helen Hay Whitney
--Early life.
--Career.
----Poet.
----Horse racing.
----Philanthropy.
--Personal life. |
205 | Helen Julia Hay Whitney (March 11, 1875 – September 24, 1944) was an American poet, writer, racehorse owner/breeder, socialite, and philanthropist. She was a member by marriage of the prominent Whitney family of New York. |
206 | She was the daughter of John Milton Hay (1838–1905), who served as United States Secretary of State and the United States Ambassador to Great Britain, and Clara Louise Stone (1849–1914). Her maternal grandfather was Cleveland multimillionaire railroad and banking mogul Amasa Stone (1818–1883). |
207 | Helen Hay was a poet and an author of books for children. A number of her poems were published in "Harper's Magazine". One of her poems, "Love of the Rose", was used in Leon Ardin's opera, "Antony and Cleopatra" (Act 2, no. 15). "Herbs And Apples (1910)" is a collection of poems that she published using what she had gi... |
208 | After her husband's death in 1927, she continued to manage Greentree, and Greentree Stable, and it continued to be a major force in Thoroughbred flat and steeplechase horse racing. Her horses won the American Grand National steeplechase in 1926, 1927, 1928, and 1937. In flat racing, her horses won the Kentucky Derby an... |
209 | The beneficiary of a large fortune on the death of her husband, Helen Whitney provided substantial funding to various causes and institutions including the Payne Whitney Gymnasium at Yale University. In 1943, an ailing Helen Whitney and her daughter Joan created the Helen Hay Whitney Foundation which supports early pos... |
210 | In 1902, she married Payne Whitney, the son of William Collins Whitney (1841–1904) and Flora Payne (1842–1893). Together, Helen and Payne had a daughter and a son:
* Joan Whitney (1903–1975), who was the first owner of the New York Mets Major League Baseball team.
* John Hay Whitney (1904–1982), who served as the Unite... |
211 | The couple built a home at 972 Fifth Avenue in New York City designed by Stanford White. Helen Hay Whitney lived there until her death in 1944. The government of France acquired the property in 1952 and is part of the French Embassy in the United States. The Whitneys also owned a estate in Manhasset, New York they call... |
212 | Helen Whitney died in 1944 and as part of her bequests left the Metropolitan Museum of Art twenty-four objects consisting of paintings, ceramics, textiles, and furniture. |
213 | Congress of Manastir
--Participants.
--Proceedings.
--Legacy. |
214 | The Congress of Manastir () was an academic conference held in the city of Manastir (now Bitola) from November 14 to 22, 1908, with the goal of standardizing the Albanian alphabet. November 22 is now a commemorative day in Albania, Kosovo and North Macedonia, as well as among the Albanian diaspora, known as Alphabet Da... |
215 | The congress was held by the Union Association (Albanian language: Bashkimi) literary society at the house of Fehim Zavalani, which served as the headquarters of the union. The participants of the congress were prominent figures of the cultural and political life from Albanian-inhabited territories in the Balkans, as w... |
216 | The speeches of the first two days with regard to the alphabet were general in character, and helped to create the atmosphere in which to carry out the serious work. The representatives understood the importance of unity, regardless which alphabet was chosen. Gjergj Fishta, who praised the development of the Bashkimi a... |
217 | At the beginning of the Congress, the delegates elected a commission consisting of eleven members (four Muslims, four Orthodox and three Catholics) to make a decision before the other delegates arrived. Gjergj Fishta was elected chairman of the commission, Parashqevi Qiriazi chairwoman and Mit'hat Frashëri its vice-cha... |
218 | However, the Congress was unable to choose one single alphabet and instead opted for a compromise solution, using both the Istanbul and Bashkimi alphabets, but with some changes to reduce the differences between them. Usage of the alphabet of Istanbul declined rapidly and it became obsolete over the following years as ... |
219 | On November 20, when the congress was coming to an end, Hodja Vildan, Fazil Pasha and Colonel Riza, three members of the Albanian community of Istanbul, arrived. They were to attend the congress and later advise smaller, similar Albanian societies that operated throughout Albania. At first, the three members sought to ... |
220 | The adoption of a Latin character-based Albanian alphabet was considered an important step for Albanian unification. Some Albanian Muslims and clerics, preferring an Arabic-based alphabet, expressed their opposition towards the Latin script due to concerns that it would undermine ties with the Muslim world. The situati... |
221 | As a result, the Ottoman Empire organised a congress in Debar in 1909, with the intention that Albanians formally declare themselves as Ottomans, promising to defend their territorial sovereignty and adopting an Arabic-based alphabet. They faced strong opposition from nationally minded Albanians, and the Albanian eleme... |
222 | Due to the alphabet matter and other Young Turk policies, relations among Albanian elites, nationalists, and Ottoman authorities broke down. Though at first Albanian nationalist clubs were not curtailed, the demands for political, cultural, and linguistic rights eventually made the Ottomans adopt measures to repress Al... |
223 | The Congress of Manastir represents one of the most important events for Albanians, and the most important after the establishment the League of Prizren, not only because of the decisions made, but also because those decisions were to be legally implemented by the Ottoman authorities. In 2008, festivities were organize... |
224 | Tom Gear
--Background.
--Elections.
----2005.
----2007.
----2009.
--Controversies.
----Teddy Thompson controversy.
----Hampton judicial appointment controversy.
----Embezzlement from American Legion Auxiliary Post 48.
--Death. |
225 | Thomas Donald Gear (May 2, 1949 – June 13, 2018) was an American politician of the Republican Party. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 2002 until 2010. He represented the 91st district on the Virginia Peninsula, made up of the city of Poquoson plus parts of York County and the city of Hampton. He ... |
226 | Gear was born in Hampton, Virginia and graduated from Kecoughtan High School in Hampton, Virginia. He served in the Virginia National Guard from 1968 to 1974. Gear was a commercial printer and was also in the real estate business. He served on Hampton City Council from 1998 to 2001. |
227 | Gear was re-elected in the November 6, 2005 General Election with 11,057 (59.43%) votes, versus 7,419 (39.88%) votes for Independent candidate Randy A. Gilliland, with 128 voters casting write in votes. Voter turnout was 47.69%. |
228 | Gear was re-elected in the November 6, 2007 General Election with 9,156 (93.15%) votes, with 673 voters casting write in votes. Voter turnout was 24.06%. |
229 | Gear was up for re-election in a three way race with Independent Gordon C. Helsel, Jr. the then-current Mayor of the City of Poquoson, Virginia. and Democrat Samuel L. "Sam" Eure, Jr. (a Social Studies Teacher in the York County School Division) of York County, Virginia, As of August 31, 2009 the State Board of Electio... |
230 | Republican Gear captured 9,576 votes (48 percent). Independent Helsel finished in second with 6,463 votes (about 33 percent). Democrat Eure finished third in the race with 3,757 votes (19 percent). |
231 | Tom Gear sponsored and fought for legislation giving Teddy P. Thompson $270,000 for spending seven years in prison for a robbery he did not commit. Since the legislation passed, Thompson has committed three misdemeanors, including two assault charges and a breach of peace count, and on August 17, 2009 Thompson faced re... |
232 | In the 2007 session, Virginia General Assembly members representing Hampton reached a tentative deal to fill nominations for several Hampton judgeships that have been vacant for six years. Gear's insistence that his sister, Kathy Gear Owens, an attorney and substitute judge, be appointment to Hampton's Juvenile and Dom... |
233 | In December 2019, Gear's elderly mother was indicted for embezzlement of more than $180,000 over a three-year stretch from an American Legion Women’s Auxiliary in Hampton, where she had been treasurer for more than four decades. According to media reports, Gear's brother Donald alleged that the money had been used to c... |
234 | On June 13, 2018 Gear was found dead in his automobile in York County, Virginia; he had committed suicide. |
235 | Flesh on Flesh
--Track listing. |
236 | Flesh on Flesh is a 2002 album by Italian-American jazz fusion and Latin jazz guitarist Al Di Meola. The album contains new compositions and reworkings of older ones as well. |
237 | All songs by Al Di Meola unless otherwise noted. |
238 | Tory Rocca
--Early life.
--Education.
--Career. |
239 | Tory Rocca (born 1973) is an American lawyer and former politician who represented the 10th district of the Michigan Senate from 2011 until 2018. |
240 | In 1973, Rocca was born in Sterling Heights, Michigan. Rocca's father is Sal Rocca and his step-mother is Sue Rocca. Rocca's parents both are politicians in Michigan and previously served in the Michigan House of Representatives. |
241 | Rocca earned a bachelor's degree from University of Michigan. In 1995, Rocca earned an MBA degree from University of Michigan. In 1999, Rocca earned a JD from University of Michigan Law School. |
242 | In the 1970s, at about 5 years old, Rocca became involved in politics, where he volunteered in political campaigns. |
243 | Rocca was a lab technician for Johnson Controls. |
244 | In 2000, Rocca passed the Michigan Bar. Rocca practiced business law and product liability law. |
245 | In November 2004, Rocca was elected as member of the Michigan State House of Representatives for District 30. |
246 | In November 2010, Rocca was elected as member of Michigan State Senate for District 10. |
247 | Rocca was the chairman of the Regulatory Reform Committee in the Senate and he was the vice-chair of the Joint Committee on Administrative Rules. |
248 | As of June 2018, due to term limits, Rocca will not be able to run for another term. In November 2018, Rocca's District 10 seat was won by Michael MacDonald. |
249 | Woodhead Publishing
--History.
--Nominations and awards. |
250 | Woodhead Publishing Limited was established in 1989 as an independent international publishing company of science and technical books. The company publishes books in association with The Textile Institute, Cambridge International Science Publishing. They have previously published books in association with The Institute... |
251 | In December 2008 Woodhead Publishing acquired the backlist, future titles and imprint of Chandos Publishing in Witney, Oxford, UK, comprising over 250 books in the fields of library and information management, knowledge management and Asian Studies. |
252 | In 2011 they launched Woodhead Publishing Online, a resource of scientific, technical and information trends, comprising over 800 e-books, containing 12,000 chapters. This resource was hosted by MetaPress, a division of EBSCO Industries Inc. |
253 | Woodhead (and its imprint Chandos) was acquired by Elsevier in August 2013. |
254 | Its current areas of publication include food science, technology and nutrition; materials engineering; welding and metallurgy; textile technology; energy and environmental technology; finance, commodities and business studies; mathematics and biomedicine.
* Chandos Publishing
* Horwood Publishing
* Abington Publishing |
255 | In 2013, the company was announced as a contender for the Frankfurt Book Fair Academic & Professional Publisher of the Year award at this year’s Independent Publishing Awards. Judges stated that "Woodhead has built up an unrivalled knowledge of its niche subjects and customers." |
256 | In 2012, the company was awarded the London Book Fair International Achievement Award by the Independent Publishers Guild. |
257 | Placement syntax
--History.
--Expressions.
--Functions.
--Use.
----Default placement.
----Use cases.
----Preventing exceptions.
----Custom allocators.
----Debugging.
--Placement delete.
--Security. |
258 | In the C++ programming language, placement syntax allows programmers to explicitly specify the memory management of individual objects — i.e. their "placement" in memory. Normally, when an object is created dynamically, an allocation function is invoked in such a way that it will both allocate memory for the object, an... |
259 | The "placement" versions of the codice_1 and codice_2 operators and functions are known as placement codice_1 and placement codice_2. A codice_1 "expression", placement or otherwise, calls a codice_1 "function", also known as an allocator function, whose name is codice_7. Similarly, a codice_2 "expression" calls a codi... |
260 | Any codice_1 expression that uses the placement syntax is a placement codice_1 expression, and any codice_7 or codice_10 function that takes more than the mandatory first parameter (std::size_t) is a placement new or placement delete function. A placement new function takes two input parameters: std::size_t and void *. |
261 | In earlier versions of C++ there was no such thing as "placement new"; instead, developers used explicit assignment to "this" within constructors to achieve similar effect. This practice has been deprecated and abolished later, and the third edition of "The C++ Programming Language" doesn't mention this technique. |
262 | The Standard C++ syntax for a non-placement codice_1 expression is
: codice_16 |
263 | The placement syntax adds an expression list immediately after the codice_1 keyword. This expression list is the placement. It can contain any number of expressions.
: codice_18 |
264 | The placement new functions are overloads of the non-placement new functions. The declaration of the non-placement new functions, for non-array and array codice_1 expressions respectively, are: |
265 | void* operator new(std::size_t) throw(std::bad_alloc); |
266 | void* operator new[](std::size_t) throw(std::bad_alloc); |
267 | The Standard C++ library provides two placement overloads each for these functions. Their declarations are: |
268 | void* operator new(std::size_t, const std::nothrow_t&) throw(); |
269 | void* operator new(std::size_t, void*) throw(); |
270 | void* operator new[](std::size_t, const std::nothrow_t&) throw(); |
271 | void* operator new[](std::size_t, void*) throw(); |
272 | In all of the overloads, the first parameter to the codice_7 function is of type std::size_t, which when the function is called will be passed as an argument specifying the amount of memory, in bytes, to allocate. All of the functions must return type void *, which is a pointer to the storage that the function allocate... |
273 | There are also placement delete functions. They are overloaded versions of the non-placement delete functions. The non-placement delete functions are declared as: |
274 | void operator delete(void*) throw(); |
275 | void operator delete[](void*) throw(); |
276 | The Standard C++ library provides two placement overloads each for these functions. Their declarations are: |
277 | void operator delete(void*, const std::nothrow_t&) throw(); |
278 | void operator delete(void*, void*) throw(); |
279 | void operator delete[](void*, const std::nothrow_t&) throw(); |
280 | void operator delete[](void*, void*) throw(); |
281 | In all of the overloads, the first parameter to the codice_10 function is of type void *, which is the address of the storage to deallocate. |
282 | For both the new and the delete functions, the functions are global, are not in any namespace, and do not have static linkage. |
283 | Placement syntax has four main uses: default placement, preventing exceptions, custom allocators, and debugging. |
284 | The placement overloads of codice_7 and codice_10 that employ an additional void * parameter are used for default placement, also known as "pointer placement". Their definitions by the Standard C++ library, which it is not permitted for a C++ program to replace or override, are: |
285 | There are various uses for default placement. |
286 | Bjarne Stroustrup originally observed, in his book "The Design and Evolution of C++", that pointer placement new is necessary for hardware that expects a certain object at a specific hardware address. It is also required for the construction of objects that need to reside in a certain memory area, such as an area that ... |
287 | Other uses, however, include calling a constructor directly, something which the C++ language does not otherwise permit. |
288 | The C++ language does allow a program to call a destructor directly, and, since it is not possible to destroy the object using a codice_2 expression, that is how one destroys an object that was constructed via a pointer placement new expression. For example: |
289 | p->~T(); |
290 | Placement new is used when you do not want operator new to allocate memory (you have pre-allocated it and you want to place the object there), but you do want the object to be constructed. Examples of typical situations where this may be required are:
* You want to create objects in memory shared between two different ... |
291 | The basic problem is that the constructor is a peculiar function; when it starts off, there is no object, only raw memory. And by the time it finishes, you have a fully initialized object. Therefore, i) The constructor cannot be called on an object ii) However, it needs to access (and initialize) non-static members. Th... |
292 | This operator is implemented as: |
293 | Normally, the (non-placement) new functions throw an exception, of type codice_25, if they encounter an error, such as exhaustion of all available memory. This was not how the functions were defined by Stroustrup's "Annotated C++ Reference Manual", but was a change made by the standardization committee when the C++ lan... |
294 | Programmers who wish to do this in their programs must include the Standard C++ library header codice_26 in the source code. This header declares the global codice_27 object, which is of type codice_28 (also declared in the header), which is used to call the overloaded new functions that are declared as taking const st... |
295 | struct T {}; |
296 | int main() { |
297 | // Call the function operator new(std::size_t, const std::nothrow_t &) and (if successful) construct the object. |
298 | T* p = new (std::nothrow) T; |
299 | if (p) { |