headings sequence | keywords sequence | title stringlengths 20 281 | id stringlengths 20 20 | toc stringlengths 57 522 ⌀ | sections sequence | abstract sequence | summary sequence | year stringclasses 13
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials and Methods"
] | [
"developmental biology",
"danio (zebrafish)",
"vertebrates",
"teleost fishes",
"nephrology"
] | The cdx Genes and Retinoic Acid Control the Positioning and Segmentation of the Zebrafish Pronephros | journal.pgen.0030189 | null | [
[
"The kidney eliminates metabolic waste in the body using highly specialized structures called nephrons .",
"Individual nephrons are composed of a blood filter ( renal corpuscle ) , a tubule that recovers or secretes solutes , and a collecting duct [1] .",
"The renal corpuscle contains epithelial cells... | [
"Kidney function depends on the nephron , which comprises a blood filter , a tubule that is subdivided into functionally distinct segments , and a collecting duct .",
"How these regions arise during development is poorly understood .",
"The zebrafish pronephros consists of two linear nephrons that develop from ... | [
"In the kidney , structures known as nephrons are responsible for collecting metabolic waste .",
"Nephrons are composed of a blood filter ( glomerulus ) followed by a series of specialized tubule regions , or segments , which recover solutes such as salts , and finally terminate with a collecting duct .",
"The ... | 2007 |
[
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials and Methods"
] | [
"sequencing techniques",
"fungal spores",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"fungi",
"phylogenetic analysis",
"rna isolation",
"molecular biology techniques",
"rna sequencing",
"fungal reproduction",
"research and analysis methods",
"sequence analysis",
"mycology",
"rna sequence analy... | Using a Novel Partitivirus in Pseudogymnoascus destructans to Understand the Epidemiology of White-Nose Syndrome | journal.ppat.1006076 | null | [
[
"Pseudogymnoascus destructans ( Pd; previously named Geomyces destructans ) is an emerging fungal pathogen responsible for a fatal disease , white-nose syndrome ( WNS ) in hibernating bats in North America [1–3] .",
"Experts estimate over 5 millions bats died from WNS in North America since the disease wa... | [
"White-nose syndrome is one of the most lethal wildlife diseases , killing over 5 million North American bats since it was first reported in 2006 .",
"The causal agent of the disease is a psychrophilic filamentous fungus , Pseudogymnoascus destructans .",
"The fungus is widely distributed in North America and E... | [
"Many species of bats in North America have been severely impacted by a fungal disease , white-nose syndrome , that has killed over 5 million bats since it was first identified in 2006 .",
"The fungus is believed to have been introduced into a cave in New York where bats hibernate , and has now spread to 29 state... | 2016 |
[
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine and health sciences",
"behavioral and social aspects of health",
"tropical diseases",
"social sciences",
"ponds",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"health care",
"developmental biology",
"cognitive psychology",
"bodies of water",
"neglected tropical diseases",
"insect ... | The Shan people’s health beliefs, knowledge and perceptions of dengue in Eastern Shan Special Region IV, Myanmar | journal.pntd.0007498 | null | [
[
"Dengue fever ( DF ) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue virus .",
"It has become a substantially increasing threat to public health and represents a challenge to health services and a burden to economies .",
"It was recently estimated that there are 390 million dengue infections every ye... | [
"Sustainable dengue intervention requires the participation of communities .",
"Therefore , understanding the health beliefs , knowledge and perceptions of dengue among the local people can help to design locally appropriate strategies for effective interventions .",
"A combination of qualitative semi-structure... | [
"The burden of dengue has been increasing over the last five decades , and dengue fever ( DF ) has become one of the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne diseases .",
"DF has become another disease that threatens public health after malaria has become successfully controlled along the China-Myanmar border .",
... | 2019 |
[
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials and Methods"
] | [
"oncology/breast cancer",
"oncology/gynecological cancers",
"genetics and genomics/genetics of disease",
"genetics and genomics/cancer genetics",
"genetics and genomics/population genetics"
] | Multi-Variant Pathway Association Analysis Reveals the Importance of Genetic Determinants of Estrogen Metabolism in Breast and Endometrial Cancer Susceptibility | journal.pgen.1001012 | null | [
[
"Estrogen exposure is critical for the development of both breast and endometrial cancers and represents the most well-established risk factors for both diseases .",
"Estrogen is a metabolic product whose circulating level is determined by de novo synthesis , conversion from other steroid hormones , and m... | [
"Despite the central role of estrogen exposure in breast and endometrial cancer development and numerous studies of genes in the estrogen metabolic pathway , polymorphisms within the pathway have not been consistently associated with these cancers .",
"We posit that this is due to the complexity of multiple weak ... | [
"Estrogen exposure is the most important risk factor for breast and endometrial cancers .",
"Genetic variation of the genes involved in estrogen metabolism has , however , not been consistently associated with these two cancers .",
"We posited that the genetic risk associated with the estrogen metabolic genes i... | 2010 |
[
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/cellular microbiology and pathogenesis",
"respiratory medicine/respiratory infections",
"infectious diseases/neglected tropical diseases",
"microbiology/innate immunity",
"pathology/histopathology",
"immunology/innate immunity",
"critical care and emergency medicine/sepsis and multiple organ... | Expression and Function of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Melioidosis | journal.pntd.0000605 | null | [
[
"Macrophage migration inhibitory factor ( MIF ) was one of the first cytokines to be discovered almost half a century ago [1]–[4] .",
"Since then MIF has emerged as a pivotal mediator of innate immunity in various inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis [5] , [6] and is cons... | [
"Macrophage migration inhibitory factor ( MIF ) has emerged as a pivotal mediator of innate immunity and has been shown to be an important effector molecule in severe sepsis .",
"Melioidosis , caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei , is an important cause of community-acquired sepsis in Southeast-Asia .",
"We aime... | [
"Melioidosis is a severe tropical infection caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei .",
"B . pseudomallei is the major cause of community-acquired septicemia in northeast Thailand with a mortality rate in severe cases of around 40% Little is known , however , about the mechanisms of the host defense to ... | 2010 |
[
"Introduction",
"Materials and Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | ["medicine","infectious diseases","test evaluation","diagnostic medicine","african trypanosomiasis",(...TRUNCATED) | "Identification of Mimotopes with Diagnostic Potential for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Variant Surf(...TRUNCATED) | journal.pntd.0001682 | null | [["The chronic form of sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) in West and Centra(...TRUNCATED) | ["At present , screening of the population at risk for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT(...TRUNCATED) | ["Control of the chronic form of sleeping sickness or gambiense human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT (...TRUNCATED) | 2012 |
[
"Introduction",
"Materials and methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | ["medicine and health sciences","statistics","influenza","geographical regions","atmospheric science(...TRUNCATED) | Development and validation of influenza forecasting for 64 temperate and tropical countries | journal.pcbi.1006742 | null | [["Forecasting is an important tool in a number of fields , including weather and climate [1–3] , (...TRUNCATED) | ["Accurate forecasts of influenza incidence can be used to inform medical and public health decision(...TRUNCATED) | ["Influenza is responsible for an estimated 3–5 million cases and 300–650 , 000 deaths each year(...TRUNCATED) | 2019 |
[
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials and Methods"
] | ["medicine","infectious diseases","model organisms","immunology","biology","microbiology","molecular(...TRUNCATED) | "Wall Teichoic Acids of Staphylococcus aureus Limit Recognition by the Drosophila Peptidoglycan Reco(...TRUNCATED) | journal.ppat.1002421 | null | [["The complex cell surface of bacteria has been directly or indirectly associated with different st(...TRUNCATED) | ["The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is a complex network of surface proteins , capsular polysa(...TRUNCATED) | ["Gram-positive bacteria such as the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus have their cell wa(...TRUNCATED) | 2011 |
[
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | ["cell physiology","classical mechanics","fluid mechanics","condensed matter physics","anisotropy","(...TRUNCATED) | Filopodial-Tension Model of Convergent-Extension of Tissues | journal.pcbi.1004952 | null | [["Embryonic development requires numerous changes in tissue morphology .","Convergent-extension ( C(...TRUNCATED) | ["In convergent-extension ( CE ) , a planar-polarized epithelial tissue elongates ( extends ) in-pla(...TRUNCATED) | ["The development of an embryo from a fertilized egg to an adult organism requires not only cell pro(...TRUNCATED) | 2016 |
[
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | ["united states","invertebrates","dengue virus","medicine and health sciences","pathology and labora(...TRUNCATED) | "Quantification of permethrin resistance and kdr alleles in Florida strains of Aedes aegypti (L.) an(...TRUNCATED) | journal.pntd.0006544 | null | [["Local vector control programs play a part in public health .","In many countries , these programs(...TRUNCATED) | ["Recent outbreaks of locally transmitted dengue and Zika viruses in Florida have placed more emphas(...TRUNCATED) | ["Aedes aegypti ( Yellow-fever mosquito ) and Aedes albopictus ( Asian Tiger mosquito ) can vector a(...TRUNCATED) | 2018 |
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