license: cc-by-4.0
pretty_name: NASA Exoplanet Archive
language:
- en
description: >-
Confirmed exoplanets with orbital, stellar, and discovery parameters from the
NASA Exoplanet Archive. The NASA Exoplanet Archive is the authoritative
database of confirmed exoplanets, maintained by C
task_categories:
- tabular-classification
- tabular-regression
tags:
- space
- exoplanet
- astronomy
- nasa
- transit
- radial-velocity
- kepler
- tess
- open-data
- tabular-data
- parquet
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/exoplanets.parquet
default: true
NASA Exoplanet Archive
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face.
Dataset description
Confirmed exoplanets with orbital, stellar, and discovery parameters from the NASA Exoplanet Archive.
The NASA Exoplanet Archive is the authoritative database of confirmed exoplanets, maintained by Caltech/IPAC under contract with NASA. Each entry represents a confirmed planet with its best-available physical and orbital parameters, host star properties, and discovery information. This dataset uses the Planetary Systems (ps) table with default_flag=1 to select one row per planet with the default parameter set.
The discovery of exoplanets has transformed our understanding of planetary systems and the prevalence of worlds beyond our own. The first confirmed detection around a Sun-like star came in 1995 with 51 Pegasi b, a "hot Jupiter" whose unexpectedly close orbit challenged existing theories of planet formation. Since then, the transit method -- measuring the tiny dip in stellar brightness as a planet crosses its host star -- has become the dominant discovery technique, largely thanks to the Kepler and TESS space telescopes.
The dataset includes key physical parameters such as orbital period, planet radius and mass, equilibrium temperature, orbital eccentricity, and semi-major axis, alongside host star properties like effective temperature, radius, mass, and distance. These parameters are fundamental to characterizing planetary systems: radius and mass together constrain bulk composition (rocky vs. gaseous), equilibrium temperature indicates potential habitability, and eccentricity reveals dynamical history.
This data underpins a wide range of astrophysical research, from occurrence rate calculations (how common are Earth-like planets?) to atmospheric characterization target selection for JWST and future missions.
This dataset is suitable for tabular classification, tabular regression tasks.
Schema
| Column | Type | Description | Sample | Null % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pl_name |
str | Planet designation in the form 'Host b/c/d...' (e.g. 'Kepler-452 b'); alphabetical suffixes distinguish planets within the same system | TOI-1105 b | 0.0% |
hostname |
str | Host star identifier; multiple rows share the same hostname in multi-planet systems | TOI-1105 | 0.0% |
discoverymethod |
str | Detection technique: 'Transit' (brightness dip), 'Radial Velocity' (Doppler shift), 'Direct Imaging', 'Microlensing', 'Astrometry', or 'Timing'; determines which physical parameters are measurable | Transit | 0.0% |
disc_year |
Int64 | Calendar year of confirmed discovery; ranges from 1992 (pulsar planets) to present | 2026 | 0.0% |
disc_facility |
str | Observatory or mission that made the discovery (e.g. 'Kepler', 'TESS', 'La Silla Observatory') | Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite... | 0.0% |
pl_orbper |
float64 | Orbital period in days; hot Jupiters: 1-5 days, Earth analogs: ~365 days, outer giants: years; null for directly imaged planets without an orbit solution | 10.86818410933 | 5.6% |
pl_rade |
float64 | Planet radius in Earth radii; sub-Earths: <1, super-Earths: 1-1.5, mini-Neptunes: 1.5-4, Neptunes: 4-7, Jupiters: >7; null if no transit or imaging measurement available | 3.05823658 | 25.3% |
pl_bmasse |
float64 | Best-available planet mass in Earth masses; actual mass if inclination is known, otherwise M sin(i) from radial velocity; rocky: <10, Neptune-class: 10-50, Jupiter: ~318; null for transit-only detections without RV follow-up | 220.57291446 | 50.9% |
pl_eqt |
float64 | Planet equilibrium temperature in Kelvin assuming zero albedo; Earth's T_eq ~ 255 K; habitable zone range ~ 200-300 K; null if stellar temperature or semi-major axis is unavailable | 450.0 | 72.7% |
pl_orbsmax |
float64 | Orbital semi-major axis in AU; sets stellar irradiation flux and equilibrium temperature; null for planets with only transit period and no stellar mass estimate | 0.117 | 38.3% |
pl_orbeccen |
float64 | Orbital eccentricity (0 = circular, <1 = elliptical); most short-period planets are tidally circularized (e ~ 0); null for planets discovered by transit alone without RV characterization | 0.065 | 58.0% |
st_teff |
float64 | Host star effective temperature in Kelvin; M dwarfs: 2500-4000 K, K dwarfs: 4000-5200 K, G dwarfs (Sun-like): 5200-6000 K, F dwarfs: 6000-7500 K | 4678.46 | 11.9% |
st_rad |
float64 | Host star radius in solar radii; required to convert observed transit depth into absolute planet radius | 0.755833 | 12.9% |
st_mass |
float64 | Host star mass in solar masses; used with orbital period to compute semi-major axis via Kepler's third law | 1.058 | 14.0% |
sy_dist |
float64 | System distance in parsecs from Earth; derived from Gaia parallax when available; needed to assess planet detectability and calculate absolute stellar luminosity | 79.5225 | 2.0% |
sy_vmag |
float64 | Host star apparent V-band (optical) magnitude; brighter stars (lower values) are better targets for atmospheric characterization and RV follow-up | 11.329 | 4.9% |
ra |
float64 | Right ascension in decimal degrees (ICRS J2000.0); range 0-360 | 146.0539694 | 0.0% |
dec |
float64 | Declination in decimal degrees (ICRS J2000.0); range -90 to +90 | -89.4715133 | 0.0% |
rowupdate |
str | ISO date of the most recent parameter update in the NASA Exoplanet Archive for this row | 2026-04-23 | 0.0% |
Quick stats
- 6,298 confirmed exoplanets
- Most recent discovery: TOI-1105 b (2026)
By discovery method
| Method | Count |
|---|---|
| Transit | 4,653 |
| Radial Velocity | 1,186 |
| Microlensing | 278 |
| Imaging | 97 |
| Transit Timing Variations | 41 |
| Eclipse Timing Variations | 17 |
| Orbital Brightness Modulation | 9 |
| Pulsar Timing | 8 |
Recent discoveries by year
| Year | Count |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 207 |
| 2025 | 245 |
| 2024 | 260 |
| 2023 | 323 |
| 2022 | 368 |
| 2021 | 564 |
| 2020 | 234 |
| 2019 | 196 |
| 2018 | 308 |
| 2017 | 152 |
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/nasa-exoplanets", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/nasa-exoplanets", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
# Earth-like candidates: rocky, in habitable zone
habitable = df[
(df["pl_rade"] < 1.6) &
(df["pl_eqt"] > 200) & (df["pl_eqt"] < 310)
]
print(f"{len(habitable)} potentially habitable planets")
# Transit vs radial velocity discoveries over time
transit = df[df["discoverymethod"] == "Transit"]
rv = df[df["discoverymethod"] == "Radial Velocity"]
# Planets by discovery facility
top_facilities = df["disc_facility"].value_counts().head(10)
Data source
https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/
Related datasets
If you find this dataset useful, please consider giving it a like on Hugging Face. It helps others discover it.
About the author
Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.
Citation
@dataset{nasa_exoplanets,
title = {NASA Exoplanet Archive},
author = {juliensimon},
year = {2026},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/nasa-exoplanets},
publisher = {Hugging Face}
}