country string | patient_age int64 | gender string | practitioner_type string | years_practicing int64 | reason_for_visit string | herb_type string | preparation_method string | administration_route string | dosage_known int64 | frequency_daily int64 | duration_weeks int64 | concurrent_western_meds string | disclosure_to_doctor int64 | adverse_event string | severity string | time_to_onset_days int64 | outcome string | hospitalisation_required int64 | previous_adverse_events int64 | registration_status int64 | quality_control int64 | label int64 | practitioner_experience_score float64 | herb_risk_score float64 | concurrent_med_risk float64 | care_integration_score float64 | patient_vulnerability float64 | event_severity_score float64 | high_risk_traditional float64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ghana | 56 | Female | Herbalist | 9 | Mental-health | Multi-herb | Powder | Oral | 1 | 3 | 4 | Anticoagulants | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7.8 | 10.2 | 5 | 2.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Zimbabwe | 38 | Female | Herbalist | 11 | Hypertension | Mineral | Paste | Suppository | 1 | 2 | 16 | Antibiotics | 0 | Hepatotoxicity | Severe | 12 | Ongoing | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8.2 | 10.3 | 2 | -1 | 5 | 6 | 1 |
Mali | 65 | Female | Herbalist | 26 | Infertility | Multi-herb | Paste | Topical | 0 | 4 | 11 | Antidiabetics | 1 | Cardiotoxicity | Moderate | 14 | Ongoing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8.2 | 12.3 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Nigeria | 70 | Male | Birth-attendant | 39 | Cancer | Mineral | Alcohol-extract | Topical | 1 | 2 | 13 | Antihypertensives | 0 | Teratogenic | Life-threatening | 12 | Death | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 3 | -1.5 | 8 | 9 | 1 |
Nigeria | 60 | Male | Diviner | 8 | Diabetes | Mixed | Powder | Suppository | 0 | 5 | 4 | None | 0 | Anaphylaxis | Fatal | 1 | Ongoing | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.6 | 13.7 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 1 |
Tanzania | 59 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 32 | Hypertension | Multi-herb | Powder | Topical | 1 | 1 | 4 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12.4 | 6.2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Ghana | 41 | Male | Bone-setter | 16 | HIV/AIDS | Mixed | Alcohol-extract | Oral | 1 | 5 | 4 | None | 0 | Drug-interaction | Fatal | 1 | Death | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.2 | 12.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
Zambia | 43 | Female | Bone-setter | 11 | Mental-health | Mixed | Infusion | Inhalation | 1 | 3 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8.2 | 6.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Guinea | 32 | Male | Bone-setter | 36 | Pain | Mineral | Infusion | Inhalation | 0 | 1 | 4 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Cameroon | 10 | Male | Birth-attendant | 40 | Mental-health | Animal-part | Alcohol-extract | Oral | 0 | 2 | 13 | Multiple | 0 | Cardiotoxicity | Moderate | 11 | Hospitalised | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 17.9 | 8 | -4 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
South Africa | 72 | Female | Birth-attendant | 31 | Infertility | Animal-part | Powder | Oral | 0 | 4 | 17 | Antibiotics | 0 | Hepatotoxicity | Moderate | 5 | Hospitalised | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.2 | 18.6 | 2 | -1 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Sierra Leone | 43 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 34 | Infertility | Single-herb | Oil | Eye-drop | 1 | 1 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Mali | 44 | Female | Diviner | 17 | Other | Animal-part | Powder | Topical | 1 | 1 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9.4 | 5.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Burkina Faso | 54 | Female | Mixed | 8 | Malaria | Multi-herb | Smoke | Inhalation | 1 | 3 | 1 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4.6 | 7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Sierra Leone | 13 | Male | Herbalist | 9 | Malaria | Animal-part | Smoke | Inhalation | 0 | 2 | 12 | None | 1 | Drug-interaction | Severe | 8 | Resolved | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.8 | 14.6 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 1 |
Mali | 36 | Male | Mixed | 14 | Malaria | Multi-herb | Decoction | Inhalation | 1 | 3 | 4 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8.8 | 7.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Niger | 29 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 32 | Diabetes | Mineral | Smoke | Enema | 0 | 6 | 2 | Antibiotics | 1 | Dermatological | Moderate | 9 | Ongoing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.4 | 13.6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Nigeria | 32 | Female | Mixed | 21 | Malaria | Mineral | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 2 | 4 | Antidiabetics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7.2 | 8.2 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Niger | 49 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 15 | Infertility | Animal-part | Paste | Oral | 1 | 3 | 1 | Antimalarials | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 7.8 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Niger | 48 | Male | Birth-attendant | 14 | Diabetes | Mineral | Smoke | Inhalation | 1 | 3 | 3 | Antimalarials | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5.8 | 8.4 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Madagascar | 36 | Female | Mixed | 34 | Mental-health | Mixed | Oil | Eye-drop | 1 | 1 | 4 | Antibiotics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Rwanda | 21 | Female | Diviner | 18 | Infertility | Mineral | Decoction | Eye-drop | 0 | 5 | 24 | Anticoagulants | 0 | Cardiotoxicity | Fatal | 4 | Hospitalised | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.6 | 21.2 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
DRC | 14 | Male | Mixed | 23 | Infertility | Mineral | Infusion | Eye-drop | 0 | 2 | 12 | None | 0 | Hepatotoxicity | Life-threatening | 12 | Resolved | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4.6 | 16.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Mali | 50 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 30 | Cancer | Multi-herb | Alcohol-extract | Enema | 1 | 1 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 8.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Zimbabwe | 20 | Male | Diviner | 15 | HIV/AIDS | Mineral | Paste | Eye-drop | 0 | 5 | 8 | None | 0 | Dermatological | Fatal | 10 | Hospitalised | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 16.4 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 1 |
Nigeria | 39 | Female | Mixed | 28 | HIV/AIDS | Mineral | Smoke | Topical | 1 | 2 | 4 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11.6 | 6.7 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
DRC | 9 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 15 | Diabetes | Single-herb | Decoction | Suppository | 1 | 4 | 9 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | Haematological | Severe | 11 | Hospitalised | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 9.2 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
South Africa | 53 | Female | Diviner | 24 | Other | Single-herb | Decoction | Topical | 1 | 1 | 4 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7.8 | 4.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Nigeria | 40 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 20 | Other | Mineral | Smoke | Inhalation | 0 | 2 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 11.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Kenya | 57 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 36 | Hypertension | Mixed | Oil | Enema | 1 | 3 | 2 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.2 | 8.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Nigeria | 25 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 25 | Pain | Multi-herb | Powder | Topical | 1 | 6 | 4 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | Nephrotoxicity | Life-threatening | 1 | Death | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8.7 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Nigeria | 61 | Female | Birth-attendant | 27 | Cancer | Animal-part | Infusion | Eye-drop | 1 | 3 | 6 | Antiretrovirals | 1 | Dermatological | Moderate | 7 | Resolved | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.4 | 10.8 | 5 | 2.5 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Niger | 63 | Female | Diviner | 5 | Mental-health | Mixed | Smoke | Oral | 0 | 2 | 7 | Antibiotics | 0 | Teratogenic | Moderate | 3 | Hospitalised | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 14.6 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Uganda | 30 | Male | Bone-setter | 39 | Diabetes | Multi-herb | Oil | Enema | 0 | 3 | 24 | Antibiotics | 0 | Haematological | Moderate | 5 | Hospitalised | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7.8 | 18.7 | 2 | -1 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
Ghana | 52 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 37 | Hypertension | Multi-herb | Alcohol-extract | Topical | 1 | 3 | 3 | Multiple | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10.4 | 8.4 | 8 | -4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Senegal | 44 | Male | Diviner | 10 | Hypertension | Mixed | Powder | Oral | 1 | 4 | 23 | Multiple | 0 | Teratogenic | Severe | 2 | Ongoing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 16.4 | 8 | -4 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
Niger | 20 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 29 | Malaria | Multi-herb | Oil | Suppository | 1 | 2 | 3 | Antihypertensives | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11.8 | 7.9 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Ethiopia | 16 | Female | Herbalist | 31 | Infertility | Mixed | Oil | Oral | 0 | 4 | 24 | Multiple | 0 | Teratogenic | Mild | 12 | Resolved | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.2 | 20.7 | 8 | -4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
South Africa | 13 | Female | Mixed | 19 | Child-illness | Multi-herb | Oil | Suppository | 0 | 5 | 11 | Antidiabetics | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Severe | 1 | Resolved | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6.8 | 15.8 | 3 | -1.5 | 5 | 6 | 1 |
Mali | 40 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 8 | Infertility | Multi-herb | Oil | Enema | 1 | 1 | 3 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Ghana | 23 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 8 | Hypertension | Multi-herb | Oil | Eye-drop | 0 | 2 | 4 | Anticoagulants | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4.6 | 15.2 | 5 | 2.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Madagascar | 18 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 24 | Cancer | Mineral | Oil | Eye-drop | 0 | 4 | 16 | Antimalarials | 0 | Hepatotoxicity | Severe | 3 | Ongoing | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4.8 | 19.8 | 4 | -2 | 5 | 6 | 1 |
Ghana | 50 | Female | Herbalist | 27 | Pain | Mineral | Oil | Enema | 1 | 3 | 3 | Antibiotics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Nigeria | 59 | Female | Herbalist | 9 | Child-illness | Mineral | Alcohol-extract | Oral | 1 | 5 | 22 | Antihypertensives | 0 | Anaphylaxis | Severe | 14 | Hospitalised | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4.8 | 18.1 | 3 | -1.5 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
Cameroon | 64 | Female | Diviner | 28 | Pain | Single-herb | Oil | Eye-drop | 1 | 2 | 4 | Antimalarials | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8.6 | 11.2 | 4 | -2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Burkina Faso | 27 | Female | Diviner | 8 | Child-illness | Mineral | Alcohol-extract | Eye-drop | 0 | 6 | 17 | None | 1 | Drug-interaction | Severe | 11 | Hospitalised | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4.6 | 22.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
Kenya | 69 | Female | Diviner | 14 | Other | Multi-herb | Smoke | Eye-drop | 0 | 6 | 14 | Antibiotics | 0 | Hepatotoxicity | Life-threatening | 6 | Hospitalised | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5.8 | 20.2 | 2 | -1 | 8 | 9 | 1 |
Burkina Faso | 73 | Female | Birth-attendant | 25 | Hypertension | Mixed | Decoction | Eye-drop | 0 | 5 | 11 | None | 0 | Anaphylaxis | Life-threatening | 11 | Resolved | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 17.3 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 9 | 1 |
DRC | 71 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 7 | Hypertension | Animal-part | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 3 | 10 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | Cardiotoxicity | Severe | 14 | Resolved | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4.4 | 10.5 | 5 | -2.5 | 8 | 6 | 1 |
DRC | 49 | Female | Mixed | 11 | Malaria | Multi-herb | Oil | Enema | 1 | 6 | 19 | Antimalarials | 1 | Dermatological | Severe | 1 | Hospitalised | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.2 | 14.7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
Nigeria | 6 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 3 | Infertility | Animal-part | Paste | Enema | 1 | 3 | 9 | Antibiotics | 1 | Cardiotoxicity | Severe | 13 | Ongoing | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.6 | 8.7 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
Ghana | 53 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 25 | Mental-health | Animal-part | Smoke | Enema | 0 | 3 | 4 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 12.7 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Niger | 2 | Female | Bone-setter | 15 | Mental-health | Animal-part | Alcohol-extract | Suppository | 1 | 5 | 23 | Antidiabetics | 1 | Drug-interaction | Severe | 8 | ICU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 16.9 | 3 | 3.5 | 3 | 6 | 1 |
DRC | 27 | Female | Diviner | 34 | Hypertension | Single-herb | Powder | Oral | 1 | 3 | 2 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Nigeria | 62 | Female | Herbalist | 11 | Infertility | Animal-part | Infusion | Eye-drop | 1 | 5 | 20 | Antimalarials | 0 | Teratogenic | Mild | 13 | Hospitalised | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.2 | 16 | 4 | -2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
South Africa | 36 | Female | Mixed | 20 | Pain | Mixed | Oil | Eye-drop | 1 | 3 | 4 | Multiple | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 11.7 | 8 | -4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Kenya | 35 | Female | Bone-setter | 15 | Other | Animal-part | Powder | Topical | 0 | 4 | 10 | Antidiabetics | 0 | None | Life-threatening | 12 | ICU | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 13.5 | 3 | -1.5 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Cameroon | 45 | Male | Diviner | 40 | Cancer | Single-herb | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 2 | 3 | Multiple | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 7.9 | 8 | -4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Nigeria | 29 | Male | Bone-setter | 15 | Hypertension | Animal-part | Infusion | Inhalation | 0 | 2 | 22 | None | 0 | Drug-interaction | Fatal | 4 | Death | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 16.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
Sierra Leone | 38 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 13 | Infertility | Animal-part | Powder | Inhalation | 0 | 5 | 8 | None | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Severe | 13 | ICU | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5.6 | 14.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
Ghana | 38 | Male | Bone-setter | 3 | Child-illness | Mixed | Powder | Inhalation | 0 | 4 | 22 | Antidiabetics | 0 | Haematological | Mild | 12 | Resolved | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.6 | 18.6 | 3 | -1.5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Senegal | 24 | Female | Herbalist | 39 | Child-illness | Animal-part | Infusion | Enema | 1 | 2 | 4 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13.8 | 6.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
South Africa | 42 | Male | Bone-setter | 17 | Pain | Multi-herb | Smoke | Suppository | 1 | 3 | 1 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9.4 | 7.8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Burkina Faso | 29 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 37 | Child-illness | Single-herb | Paste | Suppository | 1 | 6 | 13 | Antimalarials | 0 | Neurotoxicity | Severe | 1 | Ongoing | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7.4 | 11.4 | 4 | -2 | 5 | 6 | 1 |
Mali | 46 | Male | Bone-setter | 34 | Mental-health | Mixed | Oil | Eye-drop | 0 | 4 | 18 | Antibiotics | 1 | Drug-interaction | Life-threatening | 1 | ICU | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.8 | 20.4 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Tanzania | 36 | Female | Bone-setter | 8 | Pain | Animal-part | Alcohol-extract | Eye-drop | 1 | 2 | 2 | Antibiotics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7.6 | 12.1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Rwanda | 4 | Male | Mixed | 26 | Hypertension | Animal-part | Oil | Suppository | 0 | 5 | 6 | Antiretrovirals | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Severe | 13 | Ongoing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.2 | 14.3 | 5 | -2.5 | 3 | 6 | 1 |
Tanzania | 49 | Male | Bone-setter | 24 | Mental-health | Animal-part | Infusion | Enema | 1 | 1 | 3 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10.8 | 5.9 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Zimbabwe | 54 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 14 | Infertility | Mineral | Alcohol-extract | Topical | 1 | 1 | 3 | Multiple | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5.8 | 7.4 | 8 | -4 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Ethiopia | 48 | Female | Birth-attendant | 29 | Malaria | Mineral | Smoke | Oral | 0 | 5 | 4 | Antimalarials | 1 | Anaphylaxis | Life-threatening | 14 | ICU | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8.8 | 15.2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 1 |
Burkina Faso | 48 | Male | Herbalist | 20 | Mental-health | Multi-herb | Smoke | Inhalation | 0 | 3 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 12.1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Uganda | 63 | Female | Mixed | 29 | Other | Single-herb | Alcohol-extract | Inhalation | 0 | 3 | 6 | None | 0 | None | Life-threatening | 2 | Ongoing | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.8 | 14.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
South Africa | 6 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 38 | Pain | Animal-part | Oil | Inhalation | 0 | 4 | 2 | Antimalarials | 0 | Anaphylaxis | Severe | 7 | Death | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7.6 | 12.6 | 4 | -2 | 5 | 6 | 1 |
Nigeria | 10 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 34 | Mental-health | Mineral | Alcohol-extract | Suppository | 1 | 2 | 24 | Antimalarials | 1 | Nephrotoxicity | Mild | 3 | Resolved | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.8 | 15.7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Mali | 66 | Male | Diviner | 18 | Diabetes | Animal-part | Alcohol-extract | Topical | 1 | 5 | 8 | Antimalarials | 1 | Hepatotoxicity | Life-threatening | 10 | Resolved | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.6 | 10.9 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 1 |
Ethiopia | 46 | Female | Mixed | 15 | Hypertension | Animal-part | Decoction | Oral | 0 | 2 | 3 | Antidiabetics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 11.9 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Nigeria | 51 | Female | Herbalist | 24 | Hypertension | Single-herb | Smoke | Topical | 0 | 6 | 9 | Antibiotics | 0 | Hepatotoxicity | Severe | 9 | Resolved | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7.8 | 14.2 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
Nigeria | 22 | Male | Herbalist | 31 | Other | Animal-part | Paste | Eye-drop | 1 | 3 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Uganda | 19 | Female | Diviner | 37 | Hypertension | Mixed | Powder | Oral | 1 | 2 | 3 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13.4 | 9.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Malawi | 48 | Female | Mixed | 38 | Hypertension | Mineral | Alcohol-extract | Eye-drop | 0 | 2 | 9 | Antidiabetics | 1 | Nephrotoxicity | Fatal | 6 | ICU | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13.6 | 18.2 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
Ghana | 44 | Male | Traditional-surgeon | 34 | Other | Animal-part | Alcohol-extract | Eye-drop | 0 | 3 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12.8 | 16.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Ethiopia | 24 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 33 | Infertility | Multi-herb | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 3 | 9 | None | 0 | Gastrointestinal | Life-threatening | 12 | Hospitalised | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.6 | 10.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Zambia | 65 | Female | Spiritual-healer | 12 | Malaria | Animal-part | Oil | Oral | 0 | 3 | 4 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8.4 | 14.2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Zimbabwe | 71 | Female | Birth-attendant | 20 | Other | Multi-herb | Smoke | Enema | 0 | 4 | 9 | Antimalarials | 1 | Haematological | Mild | 6 | Resolved | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 14.7 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 1 |
Ghana | 55 | Male | Mixed | 37 | Infertility | Mixed | Infusion | Inhalation | 1 | 2 | 4 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13.4 | 6.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Uganda | 46 | Male | Mixed | 25 | Infertility | Mineral | Decoction | Enema | 1 | 6 | 11 | None | 0 | Drug-interaction | Life-threatening | 3 | Hospitalised | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 10.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Ethiopia | 50 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 5 | Pain | Mixed | Decoction | Oral | 0 | 6 | 24 | None | 0 | Dermatological | Life-threatening | 9 | Hospitalised | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 20.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Tanzania | 23 | Male | Diviner | 32 | Mental-health | Mineral | Infusion | Oral | 1 | 3 | 11 | Antimalarials | 1 | Cardiotoxicity | Moderate | 10 | Death | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.4 | 10.8 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
South Africa | 51 | Female | Birth-attendant | 36 | Diabetes | Animal-part | Powder | Enema | 0 | 1 | 3 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13.2 | 11.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Ghana | 58 | Female | Diviner | 32 | HIV/AIDS | Mineral | Oil | Suppository | 1 | 3 | 4 | Antibiotics | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.4 | 8.7 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Tanzania | 34 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 34 | Pain | Animal-part | Powder | Suppository | 1 | 2 | 3 | Anticoagulants | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 5 | -2.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Mali | 62 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 23 | Other | Mineral | Decoction | Eye-drop | 1 | 3 | 1 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7.6 | 9.3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Uganda | 63 | Male | Birth-attendant | 7 | Cancer | Single-herb | Paste | Enema | 1 | 1 | 2 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7.4 | 5.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
DRC | 36 | Female | Traditional-surgeon | 14 | Child-illness | Animal-part | Alcohol-extract | Inhalation | 0 | 4 | 6 | Antibiotics | 0 | Haematological | Life-threatening | 12 | Hospitalised | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5.8 | 15.3 | 2 | -1 | 5 | 9 | 1 |
Tanzania | 11 | Female | Bone-setter | 18 | Hypertension | Animal-part | Alcohol-extract | Topical | 1 | 5 | 18 | Antidiabetics | 1 | Nephrotoxicity | Life-threatening | 7 | Hospitalised | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.6 | 13.9 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
Senegal | 31 | Female | Herbalist | 38 | Infertility | Single-herb | Decoction | Suppository | 0 | 5 | 14 | Antihypertensives | 0 | Neurotoxicity | Moderate | 11 | Ongoing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7.6 | 15.2 | 3 | -1.5 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Sierra Leone | 25 | Male | Diviner | 20 | Other | Animal-part | Powder | Inhalation | 1 | 2 | 2 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 7.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Madagascar | 40 | Male | Spiritual-healer | 37 | Child-illness | Mineral | Decoction | Inhalation | 1 | 2 | 1 | None | 0 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10.4 | 5.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Kenya | 36 | Female | Birth-attendant | 29 | Diabetes | Animal-part | Alcohol-extract | Inhalation | 1 | 2 | 2 | Antibiotics | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11.8 | 9.1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Nigeria | 59 | Male | Birth-attendant | 23 | Diabetes | Animal-part | Smoke | Enema | 0 | 3 | 1 | None | 1 | None | Mild | 0 | Resolved | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7.6 | 11.8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
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