Datasets:

electricsheepafrica
/

africa-synth-health-system-emergency-department-overcrowding-all

id int64	age int64	sex string	arrival_mode string	time_of_day string	day_of_week string	triage_performed int64	triage_category string	chief_complaint string	chronic_illness int64	wait_triage_min int64	wait_doctor_min int64	ed_overcrowded int64	bed_available int64	floor_or_chair_care int64	nurse_patient_ratio int64	doctor_patient_ratio int64	labs_ordered int64	lab_turnaround_min int64	imaging_ordered int64	imaging_turnaround_min int64	ed_los_hrs float64	boarding_in_ed int64	boarding_hrs float64	left_without_being_seen int64	disposition string	died_in_ed int64	adverse_event int64	patient_satisfaction string	year int64
1	36	male	private_vehicle	evening_18_00	weekday	0	not_triaged	neurological	0	44	66	1	1	0	25	73	1	39	0	0	6.8	0	0	0	referred	0	0	good	2,023
2	24	male	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	other	0	27	184	1	0	1	20	67	1	78	0	0	13.8	1	14	0	discharged	0	1	good	2,022
3	12	female	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	1	standard	fever_infection	0	36	134	1	1	0	28	55	1	92	0	0	5.6	1	6.3	0	discharged	0	0	good	2,022
4	24	female	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	fever_infection	1	45	168	0	1	0	28	58	1	57	0	0	5	1	6	0	admitted	0	0	excellent	2,023
5	46	male	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekend	0	not_triaged	respiratory	0	51	79	0	1	0	25	53	1	60	0	0	10.4	1	13.6	1	lwbs	0	0	fair	2,020
6	72	female	walk_in	night_00_08	weekday	1	standard	trauma	0	24	149	1	0	1	27	48	1	68	0	0	9.4	1	10.9	0	surgery	0	0	very_poor	2,022
7	29	female	private_vehicle	morning_08_12	weekend	1	emergency	cardiovascular	0	8	43	1	1	0	26	58	1	43	1	35	2.9	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	fair	2,021
8	34	female	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekend	1	non_urgent	respiratory	1	126	105	1	1	0	19	49	0	0	0	0	12	1	15.2	0	discharged	0	0	fair	2,022
9	14	male	private_vehicle	evening_18_00	weekend	1	very_urgent	surgical	0	11	48	0	1	0	31	58	0	0	1	50	6.7	1	12.8	0	died	1	0	good	2,023
10	25	male	private_vehicle	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	poisoning	1	40	57	0	1	0	36	53	1	105	0	0	4.2	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	excellent	2,019
11	14	female	walk_in	evening_18_00	weekday	1	non_urgent	trauma	0	41	45	1	0	1	22	65	0	0	0	0	14.8	0	0	0	icu	0	0	poor	2,020
12	77	male	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	1	non_urgent	trauma	0	15	229	0	1	0	19	54	0	0	0	0	10.1	1	10.1	0	icu	0	0	fair	2,022
13	35	male	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	abdominal_pain	0	43	57	1	1	0	27	80	1	74	0	0	15.6	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	poor	2,022
14	26	female	walk_in	evening_18_00	weekday	0	not_triaged	trauma	0	32	345	0	1	0	21	47	1	32	1	52	24	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	excellent	2,021
15	8	female	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	abdominal_pain	0	73	253	0	1	0	26	63	1	55	1	54	21.9	1	11	0	admitted	0	0	excellent	2,021
16	30	female	private_vehicle	night_00_08	weekday	0	not_triaged	obstetric_gynae	1	117	87	1	0	0	18	40	1	74	0	0	14.2	1	2.4	0	discharged	0	0	excellent	2,022
17	32	male	private_vehicle	morning_08_12	weekday	1	standard	respiratory	0	61	99	1	0	1	18	42	0	0	1	65	10.1	0	0	0	icu	0	0	very_poor	2,022
18	67	female	private_vehicle	morning_08_12	weekend	1	urgent	neurological	0	19	157	1	0	0	15	71	1	45	0	0	8.1	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	poor	2,022
19	56	female	referred	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	fever_infection	1	46	134	1	0	1	24	63	1	27	0	0	6.1	1	9.8	0	discharged	0	0	good	2,022
20	33	male	private_vehicle	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	abdominal_pain	0	106	127	0	1	0	24	57	0	0	0	0	7.2	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	excellent	2,019
21	25	male	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekend	1	non_urgent	surgical	0	76	72	1	0	0	37	65	1	75	0	0	10	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	poor	2,020
22	51	female	ambulance	evening_18_00	weekend	1	urgent	abdominal_pain	1	48	143	1	0	1	22	65	1	82	0	0	23.9	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	fair	2,022
23	25	female	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	1	non_urgent	fever_infection	0	152	112	0	1	0	21	47	1	38	0	0	14.7	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	fair	2,019
24	20	male	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	1	standard	obstetric_gynae	0	100	287	0	1	0	26	31	0	0	0	0	6.3	1	48.6	0	admitted	0	0	excellent	2,023
25	34	female	private_vehicle	afternoon_12_18	weekday	1	standard	fever_infection	0	52	34	1	1	0	31	52	0	0	0	0	19	1	3.7	1	lwbs	0	0	good	2,023
26	18	female	private_vehicle	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	surgical	1	52	77	1	0	0	31	47	0	0	0	0	55.4	1	3.1	0	discharged	0	0	very_poor	2,021
27	12	female	referred	morning_08_12	weekday	1	standard	other	0	15	134	0	1	0	34	57	1	34	1	52	7.1	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	excellent	2,022
28	24	female	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekend	0	not_triaged	neurological	0	52	72	1	0	1	36	65	0	0	0	0	19.6	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	good	2,020
29	48	male	private_vehicle	night_00_08	weekday	0	not_triaged	trauma	0	27	69	1	0	1	23	73	1	35	0	0	22.5	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	very_poor	2,019
30	16	male	ambulance	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	poisoning	0	42	264	1	0	1	32	63	0	0	1	25	15.7	1	17.6	1	lwbs	0	1	poor	2,019
31	11	female	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	trauma	0	132	172	0	1	0	20	60	0	0	0	0	41	0	0	0	referred	0	0	excellent	2,022
32	63	male	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekday	1	emergency	trauma	0	37	80	1	1	0	31	60	1	34	1	46	2.7	1	11.3	0	admitted	1	0	good	2,022
33	15	male	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	poisoning	1	81	251	0	1	0	25	49	0	0	0	0	15.1	0	0	0	referred	0	0	good	2,022
34	26	female	ambulance	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	abdominal_pain	0	53	54	1	0	0	26	46	1	23	0	0	12.2	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	very_poor	2,023
35	19	female	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekend	1	non_urgent	abdominal_pain	0	42	131	1	1	0	29	51	0	0	0	0	8.9	1	12.3	0	discharged	0	0	poor	2,023
36	16	male	private_vehicle	night_00_08	weekday	1	very_urgent	cardiovascular	0	13	29	1	1	0	25	37	1	59	1	42	5.9	0	0	0	died	1	0	very_poor	2,020
37	63	female	walk_in	evening_18_00	weekday	0	not_triaged	trauma	0	37	250	1	1	0	27	41	1	63	0	0	31.1	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	poor	2,023
38	19	male	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekend	0	not_triaged	surgical	0	61	311	1	0	0	25	53	1	153	0	0	15.4	1	12.7	1	lwbs	0	0	excellent	2,020
39	42	male	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	abdominal_pain	0	92	146	1	0	0	26	16	1	75	0	0	6	1	31.3	0	admitted	0	0	poor	2,023
40	16	female	walk_in	night_00_08	weekday	1	urgent	trauma	1	42	140	0	1	0	20	47	1	48	0	0	15.7	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	excellent	2,019
41	12	female	private_vehicle	night_00_08	weekday	0	not_triaged	abdominal_pain	0	132	301	1	1	0	28	61	0	0	0	0	11.6	1	9	0	discharged	0	0	fair	2,022
42	37	male	walk_in	evening_18_00	weekend	1	standard	trauma	0	36	185	0	1	0	26	64	1	20	0	0	3.2	1	12	0	died	1	0	fair	2,022
43	40	male	private_vehicle	evening_18_00	weekday	0	not_triaged	surgical	0	80	195	1	0	1	22	66	0	0	0	0	5.7	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	fair	2,020
44	32	female	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekend	0	not_triaged	trauma	1	23	165	0	1	0	24	57	1	53	0	0	6.9	1	30.2	0	died	1	0	excellent	2,019
45	27	female	walk_in	night_00_08	weekday	1	non_urgent	trauma	0	31	120	0	1	0	25	52	0	0	0	0	31	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	good	2,019
46	40	male	private_vehicle	evening_18_00	weekend	0	not_triaged	abdominal_pain	0	38	53	0	1	0	25	60	1	50	0	0	6.6	1	12	0	referred	1	0	good	2,023
47	28	male	private_vehicle	evening_18_00	weekday	0	not_triaged	trauma	0	97	125	0	1	0	24	60	1	18	1	34	12.1	1	16.7	1	lwbs	0	0	excellent	2,021
48	53	male	private_vehicle	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	other	0	19	52	0	1	0	23	41	0	0	0	0	52.4	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	good	2,021
49	27	male	private_vehicle	evening_18_00	weekday	0	not_triaged	respiratory	0	20	218	0	1	0	28	59	1	51	0	0	17.3	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	poor	2,020
50	95	male	private_vehicle	morning_08_12	weekday	1	urgent	trauma	1	30	74	1	0	1	26	70	1	54	0	0	2.4	1	3.4	0	discharged	0	0	good	2,022
51	47	male	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekend	0	not_triaged	poisoning	1	22	52	1	1	0	25	63	0	0	1	59	17.4	1	29.3	0	discharged	0	0	fair	2,023
52	10	male	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	obstetric_gynae	0	30	206	1	0	1	29	61	1	47	0	0	11.2	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	excellent	2,021
53	37	female	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	trauma	0	12	29	1	0	0	18	59	1	90	1	36	9.5	0	0	0	died	1	0	good	2,020
54	16	female	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekend	0	not_triaged	cardiovascular	0	24	284	1	0	1	29	51	1	79	0	0	10.6	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	poor	2,022
55	34	male	ambulance	morning_08_12	weekday	1	urgent	trauma	0	52	160	0	1	0	27	67	0	0	0	0	7.4	1	16.3	0	died	1	0	excellent	2,019
56	19	male	referred	morning_08_12	weekend	0	not_triaged	trauma	1	141	166	1	1	0	22	56	1	94	0	0	20.1	1	15.6	0	discharged	0	0	good	2,023
57	38	female	walk_in	evening_18_00	weekday	0	not_triaged	surgical	0	93	16	1	0	1	25	74	1	70	0	0	8	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	excellent	2,020
58	26	female	referred	morning_08_12	weekday	1	emergency	respiratory	0	15	37	1	0	0	36	41	0	0	0	0	3.6	1	24.1	0	discharged	0	0	poor	2,021
59	33	female	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekend	1	non_urgent	respiratory	1	16	141	1	0	0	18	73	1	71	0	0	28.4	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	good	2,021
60	24	female	police	evening_18_00	weekday	0	not_triaged	surgical	0	131	154	0	1	0	21	49	1	98	0	0	5.5	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	fair	2,022
61	7	female	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekend	1	very_urgent	respiratory	0	14	30	0	1	0	20	70	1	70	1	33	5.9	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	excellent	2,022
62	45	male	private_vehicle	morning_08_12	weekday	1	urgent	abdominal_pain	1	43	485	1	0	1	29	36	1	66	0	0	26.4	0	0	0	died	1	0	good	2,023
63	23	male	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	abdominal_pain	0	81	53	1	0	0	16	48	0	0	0	0	19.9	1	11.1	0	died	1	0	fair	2,020
64	38	male	walk_in	night_00_08	weekday	0	not_triaged	obstetric_gynae	1	71	211	1	1	0	25	50	0	0	1	32	6	1	20	0	discharged	0	0	poor	2,023
65	14	male	ambulance	night_00_08	weekday	1	standard	poisoning	1	41	38	1	0	1	22	43	0	0	0	0	7.7	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	good	2,023
66	59	male	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekday	1	non_urgent	surgical	0	53	100	1	0	0	27	94	0	0	0	0	7.6	1	12.4	0	discharged	0	0	good	2,020
67	37	female	walk_in	evening_18_00	weekend	1	non_urgent	other	0	80	120	1	1	0	27	31	1	28	0	0	11.2	0	0	0	referred	0	0	good	2,022
68	26	male	private_vehicle	night_00_08	weekend	0	not_triaged	other	0	42	422	0	1	0	21	62	0	0	1	31	11.4	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	fair	2,022
69	37	female	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekend	0	not_triaged	fever_infection	1	66	82	1	0	0	22	41	0	0	0	0	13.4	1	16	0	discharged	0	1	excellent	2,022
70	32	female	ambulance	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	respiratory	0	31	24	1	0	0	25	52	1	81	1	75	5.2	1	46.1	1	lwbs	0	0	fair	2,023
71	30	female	police	afternoon_12_18	weekend	0	not_triaged	abdominal_pain	0	40	67	1	0	1	27	44	0	0	0	0	8.5	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	poor	2,022
72	58	female	police	evening_18_00	weekday	1	standard	obstetric_gynae	0	23	57	1	0	1	20	93	1	51	0	0	12.5	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	fair	2,022
73	72	male	ambulance	afternoon_12_18	weekend	0	not_triaged	fever_infection	0	17	148	1	0	1	26	56	0	0	1	38	11	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	fair	2,021
74	31	male	referred	afternoon_12_18	weekend	0	not_triaged	other	1	53	119	1	1	0	28	71	1	52	0	0	19	1	18.8	0	discharged	0	0	excellent	2,023
75	46	male	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	obstetric_gynae	0	109	63	1	0	1	17	44	1	60	0	0	9.5	1	7.7	0	discharged	0	0	fair	2,019
76	56	male	police	afternoon_12_18	weekday	1	non_urgent	surgical	1	39	192	1	0	1	22	52	0	0	0	0	4	1	42.6	0	discharged	1	0	good	2,019
77	8	female	police	evening_18_00	weekend	0	not_triaged	trauma	0	22	26	1	0	1	27	54	0	0	0	0	22.8	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	very_poor	2,023
78	22	female	referred	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	cardiovascular	0	31	245	1	1	0	19	72	0	0	0	0	11.6	1	8	0	discharged	0	0	fair	2,023
79	65	male	private_vehicle	afternoon_12_18	weekend	1	standard	surgical	0	21	26	1	0	1	20	49	1	61	1	18	8.1	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	very_poor	2,023
80	20	male	walk_in	evening_18_00	weekday	1	very_urgent	fever_infection	0	11	19	1	1	0	18	69	1	66	1	57	6.6	0	0	0	admitted	0	1	fair	2,021
81	18	male	private_vehicle	night_00_08	weekday	0	not_triaged	neurological	0	53	112	0	1	0	36	54	1	74	1	22	23.5	1	5.5	0	discharged	0	0	excellent	2,021
82	29	female	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	other	0	28	131	1	1	0	17	66	0	0	0	0	9	0	0	0	discharged	1	0	poor	2,022
83	54	female	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	fever_infection	0	24	190	1	1	0	19	69	1	107	1	54	17	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	poor	2,020
84	37	male	walk_in	evening_18_00	weekday	0	not_triaged	respiratory	1	19	30	1	0	1	18	59	1	20	0	0	15.3	1	5.4	0	died	1	0	fair	2,022
85	20	female	private_vehicle	evening_18_00	weekend	0	not_triaged	neurological	0	75	68	1	1	0	26	39	0	0	1	39	8.8	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	very_poor	2,021
86	33	male	walk_in	night_00_08	weekday	0	not_triaged	fever_infection	0	46	68	1	0	1	36	53	1	102	1	144	9.6	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	good	2,022
87	28	female	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekend	1	standard	poisoning	1	48	114	0	1	0	20	47	0	0	1	53	7.4	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	excellent	2,021
88	65	male	referred	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	other	0	27	56	1	0	0	25	65	1	81	0	0	42.8	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	good	2,020
89	22	male	ambulance	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	respiratory	0	14	105	1	0	1	22	57	1	81	0	0	10.1	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	excellent	2,021
90	87	female	walk_in	evening_18_00	weekday	0	not_triaged	surgical	0	28	127	0	1	0	19	62	0	0	1	134	14.2	1	5.6	0	admitted	0	0	poor	2,023
91	28	male	walk_in	night_00_08	weekend	0	not_triaged	abdominal_pain	0	31	39	1	0	0	19	58	1	18	0	0	5.9	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	very_poor	2,021
92	26	male	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekend	0	not_triaged	surgical	1	23	186	1	0	0	18	82	0	0	0	0	25.2	1	26	1	lwbs	0	0	good	2,021
93	53	male	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekend	1	standard	trauma	0	28	84	1	0	0	11	54	1	46	0	0	12.1	0	0	1	lwbs	0	0	fair	2,023
94	40	female	walk_in	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	fever_infection	0	89	120	1	0	0	32	62	0	0	0	0	4.7	1	11.7	1	lwbs	0	0	very_poor	2,022
95	49	female	private_vehicle	afternoon_12_18	weekday	0	not_triaged	other	0	29	343	1	1	0	28	59	0	0	0	0	3.2	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	excellent	2,021
96	40	male	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekday	1	non_urgent	trauma	1	42	365	0	1	0	12	66	0	0	0	0	11.4	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	good	2,023
97	11	female	walk_in	evening_18_00	weekend	1	very_urgent	cardiovascular	0	6	17	1	1	0	27	54	0	0	0	0	3.9	0	0	0	admitted	1	0	fair	2,023
98	21	male	ambulance	morning_08_12	weekend	0	not_triaged	cardiovascular	0	30	184	0	1	0	15	56	1	48	1	79	42.5	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	fair	2,023
99	31	female	private_vehicle	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	abdominal_pain	1	41	126	1	1	0	28	69	1	49	0	0	19	0	0	0	discharged	0	0	fair	2,022
100	54	male	walk_in	morning_08_12	weekday	0	not_triaged	trauma	1	29	69	1	1	0	28	60	0	0	1	53	17	0	0	0	admitted	0	0	very_poor	2,023

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⚠️ Synthetic dataset — Parameterized from published SSA literature, not real observations. Not suitable for empirical analysis or policy inference.

Emergency Department Overcrowding

Abstract

Synthetic dataset modeling emergency department overcrowding across three SSA scenarios. Captures triage performance, waiting times, boarding, bed availability, staffing ratios, left-without-being-seen rates, and mortality outcomes. Parameterized from primary research on SSA emergency departments.

Parameterization Evidence

Parameter	Value	Source	Year
ED overcrowded (Ethiopia)	65.8% of the time	Kedir et al. Afr J Emerg Med	2024
Triage wait time AOR	2.24 (CI 1.54-3.27)	Kedir et al.	2024
LOS factor for overcrowding	AOR 2.40 (CI 1.27-4.54)	Kedir et al.	2024
ED physician:patient ratio SSA	1:50-100	Calvello et al. Emerg Med J	2015
Triage systems absent SSA	>50% of EDs	Calvello et al.	2015
Dedicated emergency area	58% SSA facilities	Wallis et al. Afr J Emerg Med	2018
KNH ED volume	300+ patients/day, 10 beds	Wachira & Martin Afr J Emerg Med	2011
"No bed syndrome"	Boarding 24-72 hrs	Osei-Ampofo et al. BMC Health Serv Res	2023

Validation

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("electricsheepafrica/emergency-department-overcrowding", name="overcrowded_ed")
df = ds['train'].to_pandas()

References

Kedir AA et al. (2024). ED overcrowding Ethiopia. Afr J Emerg Med. DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2023.12.004
Calvello EJ et al. (2015). Emergency care SSA. Emerg Med J. DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2015-204750
Wallis LA et al. (2018). Emergency care assessment Africa. Afr J Emerg Med. DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2018.01.001
Wachira B & Martin IBK (2011). Emergency care Kenya. Afr J Emerg Med. DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2011.10.008
Osei-Ampofo M et al. (2023). "No bed syndrome" Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09461-6

License

CC-BY-4.0

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