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1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre | Protests led by students, known in China as the June Fourth Incident, were held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, from 15 April to 4 June 1989. After weeks of unsuccessful attempts between the demonstrators and the Chinese government to find a peaceful resolution, the Chinese government deployed troops to occupy t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre | 2,048 | 0 | 10 |
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre | profiteers who took advantage of lax regulations and who often flaunted their wealth in front of those who were less well off. Popular discontent was brewing over unfair wealth distribution. Greed, not skill, appeared to be the most crucial factor in success. There was widespread public disillusionment concerning the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre | 2,048 | 1 | 10 |
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre | of the People, but several students pressed forward. A few were allowed to cross the police line. Three of these students, Zhou Yongjun, Guo Haifeng, and Zhang Zhiyong, knelt on the steps of the Great Hall to present a petition and demanded to see Premier Li Peng. Standing beside them, a fourth student (Wu'erkaixi) ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre | 2,048 | 2 | 10 |
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre | students understood that signs of internal turmoil during the Sino-Soviet summit would embarrass the nation and not just the government. On the morning of 13 May, Yan Mingfu, head of the Communist Party's United Front, called an emergency meeting, gathering prominent student leaders and intellectuals, including Liu Xi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre | 2,048 | 3 | 10 |
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre | 0 divisions from five of the country's seven military regions. At least 14 of the PLA's 24 army corps contributed troops. Guangzhou's civil aviation authorities suspended civil airline travel to prepare for transporting military units.
The army's initial entry into the capital was blocked in the suburbs by throngs of p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre | 2,048 | 4 | 10 |
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre | 'an Avenue. By far, the largest number occurred in the two-mile stretch of road running from Muxidi to Xidan, where "65 PLA trucks and 47 APCs ... were totally destroyed, and 485 other military vehicles were damaged." Although troops advanced into Beijing from all directions, the majority of deaths during the night of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre | 2,048 | 5 | 10 |
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre | including railway traffic was blocked. On 6 June, the municipal government tried to clear the rail blockade, but it was met with fierce resistance from the crowds. Several people were killed from being run over by a train. On 7 June, students from major Shanghai universities stormed various campus facilities to erect ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre | 2,048 | 6 | 10 |
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre | by plainclothes policemen.
The 21 most-wanted student leaders' faces and descriptions were often broadcast on television. Photographs with biographies of the leaders followed in this order: Wang Dan,
Wuer Kaixi, Liu Gang, Chai Ling, Zhou Fengsuo, Zhai Weimin, Liang Qingdun, Wang Zhengyun, Zheng Xuguang, Ma Shaofang, Y... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre | 2,048 | 7 | 10 |
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre | . Some were reportedly beaten.
Some Western outlets withheld certain images from viewers; Graham Earnshaw, a Reuters correspondent at the time, stated that a "disgusting" photo depicting the burned body of a soldier hanging from a bus was not sent to subscribers.
== Reactions ==
The Chinese government's response was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre | 2,048 | 8 | 10 |
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre | had also proposed restrictions on the transfer of military technology to the European Union if the latter lifted the ban. The United Kingdom also opposed the embargo lifting when it took charge of the European Union presidency in July 2005.
The European Parliament has consistently opposed the lifting of the arms embar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre | 2,035 | 9 | 10 |
Great Leap Forward | The Great Leap Forward was an industrialization campaign within China from 1958 to 1962, led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). CCP Chairman Mao Zedong launched the campaign to transform the country from an agrarian society into an industrialized society through the formation of people's communes. The Great Leap Fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward | 2,048 | 0 | 7 |
Great Leap Forward | to socialism that had been followed by the Soviet Union was not appropriate for China. He was critical of Khrushchev's reversal of Stalinist policies and he was also alarmed by the uprisings that had taken place in East Germany, Poland and Hungary, and the perception that the USSR was seeking "peaceful coexistence" wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward | 2,048 | 1 | 7 |
Great Leap Forward | lose individual identities, since families were from vastly different communities with different cultural views, political views, family structures, and financial backgrounds, which created conflict regarding the means and modes of production. Some wealthier families who refused to join a people's commune might be lab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward | 2,048 | 2 | 7 |
Great Leap Forward | Campaign.
Although actual harvests were reduced, local officials, under tremendous pressure to report record harvests to central authorities in response to the innovations, competed with each other to announce increasingly exaggerated results. These results were used as the basis for determining the amount of grain wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward | 2,048 | 3 | 7 |
Great Leap Forward | -by-county review of deaths in five provinces and performing extrapolation. Chen was part of a large investigation group led by the Institute for Economic Structural Reform which "visited every province and examined internal Party documents and records".
Becker, Rummel, Dikötter, and Yang each compare several earlier e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward | 2,048 | 4 | 7 |
Great Leap Forward | ism' together with a succession of natural calamities and the perfidious scrapping of contracts by the Soviet Government that our economy encountered serious difficulties between 1959 and 1961, which caused serious losses to our country and people."
=== Deaths by violence ===
Not all deaths during the Great Leap were... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward | 2,048 | 5 | 7 |
Great Leap Forward | security chief Kang Sheng declaring of the letter: "I make bold to suggest that this cannot be handled with lenience."
In particular, at the Seven Thousand Cadres Conference in January–February 1962, Mao made a self-criticism and re-affirmed his commitment to democratic centralism. In the years that followed, Mao most... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward | 1,072 | 6 | 7 |
Great Chinese Famine | The Great Chinese Famine (Chinese: 三年大饥荒; lit. 'three years of great famine') was a famine that occurred between 1959 and 1961 in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Some scholars have also included the years 1958 or 1962. It is widely regarded as the deadliest famine and one of the greatest man-made disasters in hum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine | 2,048 | 0 | 4 |
Great Chinese Famine | Local governments had just as much, if not more, influence on the famine as did higher rings of government. As the Great Leap Forward progressed, many provincial leaders began aligning themselves with Mao and higher Party leaders. Local leaders were forced to choose between doing what was best for their community and g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine | 2,048 | 1 | 4 |
Great Chinese Famine | corpses. No one paid attention to them. People said that dogs were eating the bodies. Not true, I said. The dogs had long ago been eaten by the people.
=== Cannibalism ===
There are widespread oral reports, though little official documentation, of human cannibalism being practiced in various forms as a result of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine | 2,048 | 2 | 4 |
Great Chinese Famine | iyun, former Vice Premier of China and former Vice President of the National People's Congress of China, stated that "looking back at the Three Years of Difficulty, people everywhere had edema and died of starvation, and tens of millions of people died abnormally, more than the total death toll during the entire Democr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine | 473 | 3 | 4 |
Cultural Revolution | The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It was launched by CCP chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 and lasted until his death in 1976. Its stated goal was to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of cap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution | 2,048 | 0 | 11 |
Cultural Revolution | in February 1965, he secretly commissioned Jiang Qing and Yao Wenyuan to publish an article criticizing it. Yao described the play as an allegory attacking Mao; flagging Mao as the emperor, and Peng Dehuai, who had previously questioned Mao during the Lushan Conference, as the honest civil servant.
Yao's article put B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution | 2,048 | 1 | 11 |
Cultural Revolution | culture, customs and habits of the exploiting classes to corrupt the masses, capture their minds and endeavour to stage a comeback. The proletariat must do the exact opposite: it must meet head-on every challenge of the bourgeoisie ... to change the mental outlook of the whole of society. At present, our objective is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution | 2,048 | 2 | 11 |
Cultural Revolution | many other cities, two major revolutionary organizations emerged, one supporting and one attacking the conservative establishment. Chen Zaidao, the Army general in charge of the area, forcibly repressed the anti-establishment demonstrators. Mao flew to Wuhan with a large entourage of central officials in an attempt to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution | 2,048 | 3 | 11 |
Cultural Revolution | an election by party members, delegates for this Congress were effectively selected by Revolutionary Committees. Representation of the military increased by a large margin from the previous Congress, reflected in the election of more PLA members to the new Central Committee—over 28%. Many officers now elevated to seni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution | 2,048 | 4 | 11 |
Cultural Revolution | beneficiaries and radicals, whose focus remained ideological purity over economic productivity. The economy remained mostly Zhou's domain, one of the few remaining moderates. Zhou attempted to restore the economy, but was resented by the Gang of Four, who identified him as their primary political succession threat.
In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution | 2,048 | 5 | 11 |
Cultural Revolution | death during the Cultural Revolution was rehabilitated in 1978.
At the Fifth Plenum held in 1980, Peng Zhen, He Long and other leaders who had been purged during the Cultural Revolution were rehabilitated. Hu Yaobang became head of the party secretariat as its secretary-general. In September, Hua Guofeng resigned, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution | 2,048 | 6 | 11 |
Cultural Revolution | , previously only established in parts of Tibet, were established throughout Tibet Autonomous Region in 1966, removing Tibet's exemption from China's land reform, and reimposed in other minority areas. The effect on Tibet was particularly severe as it came following the repression after the 1959 Tibetan uprising. The d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution | 2,048 | 7 | 11 |
Cultural Revolution | regarding the prosecution of the Gang of Four show that more than 2,600 people in the field of arts and literature were persecuted by the Ministry of Culture. Many died: the names of 200 writers and artists who were persecuted to death were commemorated in 1979. These include writers such as Lao She, Fu Lei, Deng Tuo,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution | 2,048 | 8 | 11 |
Cultural Revolution | Talks, particularly the concept that there is no such thing as art-for-art's-sake, party leadership construed Antonioni's aesthetic choices as politically motivated and banned the film.
Mobile film units brought Chinese cinema to the countryside and were crucial to the standardization and popularization of culture dur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution | 2,048 | 9 | 11 |
Cultural Revolution | 1990). ISBN 0812918657 An oral history of some Chinese people's experience during the Cultural Revolution
Anit Chan, Children of Mao: Personality Development and Political Activism in the Red Guard Generation. (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1985).
Lingchei Letty Chen, The Great Leap Backward: Forgetting and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution | 1,442 | 10 | 11 |
1959 Tibetan uprising | The 1959 Tibetan uprising or Lhasa uprising began on 10 March 1959 as a series of protests in the Tibetan capital of Lhasa, fueled by fears that the government of the People's Republic of China planned to arrest the Dalai Lama. Over the next ten days, the demonstrations evolved from expressions of support for the 14th ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising | 2,048 | 0 | 3 |
1959 Tibetan uprising | at Tibetan officials perceived not to have protected the Dalai Lama or to be pro-Chinese; attacks on Chinese started later. One of the first casualties of the mob was a senior lama, Pagbalha Soinam Gyamco, who worked with the PRC as a member of the Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region, who was killed a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising | 2,048 | 1 | 3 |
1959 Tibetan uprising | undergoing less than a month of propaganda sessions.
In April 1959, the 19-year-old Panchen Lama, the second ranking spiritual leader in Tibet, residing in Shigatse, called on Tibetans to support the Chinese government. However, after a tour through Tibet in May 1962, he wrote a document which is known as the 70,000 C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising | 1,018 | 2 | 3 |
2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident | Five people set themselves on fire in Tiananmen Square in central Beijing, on the eve of Chinese New Year on 23 January 2001. There is controversy over the incident; Chinese government sources say that five members of Falun Gong, a religious movement banned in mainland China, set themselves on fire in the square. Falun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident | 2,048 | 0 | 4 |
2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident | the self-immolation occurred. Xinhua then distributed a fuller press release seven days later on Tuesday 30 January, in response to other media reports on the incident. On 31 January, a 30-minute special edition of the current affairs programme Forum presented the state's version of the events to the Chinese public. C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident | 2,048 | 1 | 4 |
2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident | might have been new or unschooled Falun Gong practitioners, had discovered and practised Falun Gong on their own (and badly) in the post-suppression period, and, for whatever reason, decided to make the ultimate sacrifice."
Other human rights activists speculated that the five who set themselves on fire did so to prot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident | 2,048 | 2 | 4 |
2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident | in the city of Nanning, dying the following day from his injuries.
In 2002, Falun Gong practitioners in Changchun successfully broadcast two films on Chinese state television, accusing the authorities of staging the self-immolation, and interrupting scheduled programming for 50 minutes. Liu Chengjun, a Falun Gong prac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident | 392 | 3 | 4 |
Anti-Rightist Campaign | The Anti-Rightist Campaign (simplified Chinese: 反右运动; traditional Chinese: 反右運動; pinyin: Fǎnyòu Yùndòng) in the People's Republic of China, which lasted from 1957 to roughly 1959, was a political campaign to purge alleged "Rightists" within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the country as a whole. The campaign was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Rightist_Campaign | 2,048 | 0 | 2 |
Anti-Rightist Campaign | campaign's body count, saying:
If we kill too many, we will forfeit public sympathy and a shortage of labor power will arise.
== Legacy ==
In a 2018 study by Zhaojin Zeng and Joshua Eisenman, analysing 144 counties within Anhui, Henan, and Jiangsu, it was found that the economic harm caused by the Anti-Rightist cam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Rightist_Campaign | 654 | 1 | 2 |
Hundred Flowers Campaign | The Hundred Flowers Campaign, also termed the Hundred Flowers Movement (Chinese: 百花齊放; pinyin: Bǎihuā Qífàng) and the Double Hundred Movement (雙百方針; Shuāngbǎi Fāngzhēn), was a period from 1956 to 1957 in the People's Republic of China during which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), led by Mao Zedong, proposed to "let o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Flowers_Campaign | 2,048 | 0 | 2 |
Hundred Flowers Campaign | socialist solidarity" was defined as "To strengthen our solidarity with the Soviet Union, to strengthen our solidarity with all socialist countries - this is our fundamental policy, herein lies our basic interest."
In June and July, the Party halted campaign with Mao's support, and the Anti-Rightist Campaign was launc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Flowers_Campaign | 2,026 | 1 | 2 |
Inner Mongolia incident | The Inner Mongolia incident, or the Inner Mongolia People's Revolutionary Party purge incident (Chinese: 内人党事件; pinyin: Nèi rén dǎng shìjiàn), was a massive political purge which occurred during the Cultural Revolution in Inner Mongolia. The purge was supported by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_Mongolia_incident | 1,629 | 0 | 1 |
Guangxi Massacre | The Guangxi Massacre (simplified Chinese: 广西大屠杀; traditional Chinese: 廣西大屠殺; pinyin: Guǎngxī dàtúshā) comprised a series of lynchings and massacres in the Chinese province of Guangxi between 1967 and 1968, during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). The official record shows an estimated death toll between 100,000 and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangxi_Massacre | 2,048 | 0 | 3 |
Guangxi Massacre | "state apparatuses", or the direct slaughter by the regime towards its citizens. On the other hand, in his award-winning book Collective Killings in Rural China during the Cultural Revolution, Su proposed the "community model" to explain the massacre in Guangxi, challenging the prevailing models of genocide and mass k... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangxi_Massacre | 2,048 | 1 | 3 |
Guangxi Massacre | different from any others in that those who took part were not motivated by hunger or psychopathic illness. Instead, the actions appeared to be ideological: the cannibalism, which the documents say took place in public, was often organized by local Communist Party officials, and people apparently took part together to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangxi_Massacre | 1,105 | 2 | 3 |
Xinjiang internment camps | The Xinjiang internment camps are internment camps operated by the government of Xinjiang and the Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee. Human Rights Watch says that they have been used to indoctrinate Uyghurs and other Muslims since 2017 as part of a "people's war on terror", a policy announced in 2014... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps | 2,048 | 0 | 7 |
Xinjiang internment camps | pretext for the Chinese government's decision to wage "terrorism eradication" campaigns against the Uyghurs. However, Yue Gang, a military commentator in Beijing stated, "in the wake of the US decision on the ETIM, China might seek to increase its counterterrorism activities." The group continues to be designated as a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps | 2,048 | 1 | 7 |
Xinjiang internment camps | leadership." Concerned that violence in the Xinjiang region could damage social stability in the rest of China, Xi stated "social stability will suffer shocks, the general unity of people of every ethnicity will be damaged, and the broad outlook for reform, development and stability will be affected." Xi encouraged of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps | 2,048 | 2 | 7 |
Xinjiang internment camps | 学校) in Payzawat County (Jiashi), Kashgar Prefecture
Three detention centers in Kalpin County (Kelpin, Keping), Aksu Prefecture
Eight vocational training centres in Lop County (Luopu), Hotan Prefecture
Lop County No. 4 Vocational Skills Education and Training Center
Information reasonably indicates that this "re-educati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps | 2,048 | 3 | 7 |
Xinjiang internment camps | -like thing on my head, and each time I was electrocuted, my whole body would shake violently and I would feel the pain in my veins," Tursun said in a statement read by a translator. "I don't remember the rest. White foam came out of my mouth, and I began to lose consciousness," Tursun said. "The last word I heard them... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps | 2,048 | 4 | 7 |
Xinjiang internment camps | , alleging long prison sentences handed down without due process. Rizwangul Nurmuhammad described how her brother was arrested in 2017 and sentenced to nine years in prison "with no justification other than his identity as Uyghur." Yalkun Uluyol, a researcher at Human Rights Watch, said his father was serving a 16-year... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps | 2,048 | 5 | 7 |
Xinjiang internment camps | Chinese government released a white paper about counter-terrorism and de-radicalization in Xinjiang. The white paper states, "A country under the rule of law, China respects and protects human rights in accordance with the principles of its Constitution." The white paper also contends that Xinjiang has not had violent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps | 1,333 | 6 | 7 |
Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act | The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (H.R. 6256) is a United States federal law that changed U.S. policy on China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR, or Xinjiang) with the goal of ensuring that American entities are not funding forced labor among ethnic minorities in the region. It was signed into law in Decem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act | 2,048 | 0 | 2 |
Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act | ' widespread recruitment of Uyghur workers due to lower travel costs and is therefore a case a market-driven employment and not forced labor. In their view, "[T]he labor demand of Uyghur seasonal cotton pickers in south Xinjiang is largely decided by its relatively low degree of agricultural capitalization, not due to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act | 222 | 1 | 2 |
Xinjiang conflict | The Xinjiang conflict (Chinese: 新疆冲突; pinyin: xīnjiāng chōngtú), also known as the East Turkestan conflict, Uyghur–Chinese conflict or Sino–East Turkestan conflict (as argued by the East Turkistan Government-in-Exile), is an ethnic geopolitical conflict in what is now China's far-northwest autonomous region of Xinjiang... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict | 2,048 | 0 | 5 |
Xinjiang conflict | names, such as Muhammad, being banned for newborn children. It was claimed that Han officials had been assigned to reside in the homes of those with interned Uyghur family members as part of the government's "Pair Up and Become Family" program. There were also reportedly separate queues for Uyghurs and outsiders, wher... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict | 2,048 | 1 | 5 |
Xinjiang conflict | of 30 suspected separatists during Ramadan resulted in large demonstrations in February 1997, characterised as riots by Chinese state media outlet China Daily and peaceful by Western media. The demonstrations culminated in the 5 February Ghulja incident, in which a People's Liberation Army (PLA) crackdown led to at le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict | 2,048 | 2 | 5 |
Xinjiang conflict | one million Muslims (the majority of them Uyghurs) being held in secretive detention camps without any legal process in what has become the largest-scale detention of ethnic and religious minorities since the Holocaust. Critics of the policy have described it as the sinicisation of Xinjiang and called it an ethnocide ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict | 2,048 | 3 | 5 |
Xinjiang conflict | cooperation. Moreover, reports have claimed that forced labour prevails in Xinjiang's textile industry.
Based on these allegations, international organisations such as the World Bank have begun to reconsider their involvement in Xinjiang, while textile manufacturers including Adidas or Badger Sportswear have withdrawn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict | 434 | 4 | 5 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | Since 2014, the government of the People's Republic of China has committed a series of ongoing human rights abuses against Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslim minorities in Xinjiang which has often been characterized as persecution or as genocide. There have been reports of mass arbitrary arrests and detention, torture, ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 0 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | in Xinjiang for 14 years. Following the unrest, party theorists began to call for implementing a more monocultural society with a single "state-race" which would allow China to become "a new type of superpower".
Policies to further this goal were first implemented by Zhang Chunxian. Following an attack in Yunnan Provi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 1 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | state violence or teaching them to be Chinese."
Arienne Dwyer, professor emerita at University of Kansas, has written that the US war on terror gave China an opportunity to characterise and "conflate" Uyghur nationalism with terrorism, particularity through the use of state-run media. Dwyer argues that the influence o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 2 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | interrogated for days without sleep, subjected to intrusive medical examinations, and strapped in a chair and received electric shocks. It was her third time being sent to a camp since 2015. Tursun told reporters that she remembered interrogators tell her "Being a Uighur is a crime." Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 3 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | in 2018 occurred in Xinjiang, despite the region constituting only 1.8% of the country's population. Assessing Zenz's analysis, Xinjiang University Professor Lin Fangfei argued that the appropriate measure is that 8.7% of IUD operations were performed in Xinjiang, adding that the Uyghur population growth was bigger th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 4 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | the Chinese government had relocated more than 600,000 Uyghurs to industrial workplaces as a part of their forced labor programs.
A June 2025 report published by Global Rights Compliance found evidence linking 68 Western and international companies to forced labor in China's critical minerals industry, which is center... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 5 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | yghur Muslims believe that repeated pilgrimages to these tombs fulfill a Muslim's obligation to complete the Hajj. In 2019, Bellingcat reported that "there is systematic repression and imprisonment of the Muslim Uighur minority in Xinjiang, and the destruction of cultural and religiously significant Islamic buildings i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 6 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | ities", was promulgated in Hotan, banning potential names including "Islam", "Quran", "Mecca", "Jihad", "Imam", "Saddam", "Hajj", and "Medina". Use of the list was later extended throughout Xinjiang. Legislation in 2017 made it illegal to give children names that the Chinese government deemed to "exaggerate religious f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 7 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | On 13 February 2021, The Economist wrote that while China's treatment and persecution of Uyghurs is "horrific" and a crime against humanity, "genocide" is the wrong word for China's actions due to China not engaging in mass murder.
According to a March 2021 New Lines Institute report that was written by over 50 global ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 8 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | violations have been committed" in the province, which the report attributes to China's "application of counter-terrorism and counter-'extremism' strategies" targeting Uyghur Muslims and other Muslim minority groups. The report also said that "Allegations of patterns of torture or ill-treatment, including forced medic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 1,782 | 9 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | Since 2014, the government of the People's Republic of China has committed a series of ongoing human rights abuses against Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslim minorities in Xinjiang which has often been characterized as persecution or as genocide. There have been reports of mass arbitrary arrests and detention, torture, ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 0 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | in Xinjiang for 14 years. Following the unrest, party theorists began to call for implementing a more monocultural society with a single "state-race" which would allow China to become "a new type of superpower".
Policies to further this goal were first implemented by Zhang Chunxian. Following an attack in Yunnan Provi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 1 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | state violence or teaching them to be Chinese."
Arienne Dwyer, professor emerita at University of Kansas, has written that the US war on terror gave China an opportunity to characterise and "conflate" Uyghur nationalism with terrorism, particularity through the use of state-run media. Dwyer argues that the influence o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 2 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | interrogated for days without sleep, subjected to intrusive medical examinations, and strapped in a chair and received electric shocks. It was her third time being sent to a camp since 2015. Tursun told reporters that she remembered interrogators tell her "Being a Uighur is a crime." Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 3 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | in 2018 occurred in Xinjiang, despite the region constituting only 1.8% of the country's population. Assessing Zenz's analysis, Xinjiang University Professor Lin Fangfei argued that the appropriate measure is that 8.7% of IUD operations were performed in Xinjiang, adding that the Uyghur population growth was bigger th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 4 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | the Chinese government had relocated more than 600,000 Uyghurs to industrial workplaces as a part of their forced labor programs.
A June 2025 report published by Global Rights Compliance found evidence linking 68 Western and international companies to forced labor in China's critical minerals industry, which is center... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 5 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | yghur Muslims believe that repeated pilgrimages to these tombs fulfill a Muslim's obligation to complete the Hajj. In 2019, Bellingcat reported that "there is systematic repression and imprisonment of the Muslim Uighur minority in Xinjiang, and the destruction of cultural and religiously significant Islamic buildings i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 6 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | ities", was promulgated in Hotan, banning potential names including "Islam", "Quran", "Mecca", "Jihad", "Imam", "Saddam", "Hajj", and "Medina". Use of the list was later extended throughout Xinjiang. Legislation in 2017 made it illegal to give children names that the Chinese government deemed to "exaggerate religious f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 7 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | On 13 February 2021, The Economist wrote that while China's treatment and persecution of Uyghurs is "horrific" and a crime against humanity, "genocide" is the wrong word for China's actions due to China not engaging in mass murder.
According to a March 2021 New Lines Institute report that was written by over 50 global ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 2,048 | 8 | 10 |
Persecution of Uyghurs in China | violations have been committed" in the province, which the report attributes to China's "application of counter-terrorism and counter-'extremism' strategies" targeting Uyghur Muslims and other Muslim minority groups. The report also said that "Allegations of patterns of torture or ill-treatment, including forced medic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China | 1,782 | 9 | 10 |
July 2009 Ürümqi riots | A series of violent riots over several days broke out on 5 July 2009 in Ürümqi, the capital city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, in northwestern China. The first day's rioting, which involved at least 1,000 Uyghurs, began as a protest, but escalated into violent attacks that mainly targeted Han people. Accord... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2009_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_riots | 2,048 | 0 | 5 |
July 2009 Ürümqi riots | yghur areas of South Jiefang Road, Erdaoqiao, and Shanxi Alley; by 7:30 pm, more than one thousand were gathered in front of a hospital in Shanxi Alley. At about 7:40 pm, more than 300 people blocked the roads in the Renmin Road and Nanmen area. According to Bekri, rioters began to smash buses at 8:18 pm, after police ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2009_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_riots | 2,048 | 1 | 5 |
July 2009 Ürümqi riots | ite tensions. Large crowds of Uyghurs gathered for prayer anyway, however, and police decided to let two mosques open to avoid having an "incident". After prayers at the White Mosque, several hundred people demonstrated over people detained after the riot, but were dispersed by riot police, with five or six people arre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2009_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_riots | 2,048 | 2 | 5 |
July 2009 Ürümqi riots | embassy was closed for the day. About 100 Uyghurs protested outside the Chinese embassy in the Norwegian capital Oslo. Eleven were detained and later released without charges. Protesters from a coalition of Indonesian Islamist groups attacked guards at the Chinese embassy in Jakarta and called for a jihad against Chin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2009_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_riots | 2,048 | 3 | 5 |
July 2009 Ürümqi riots | "Team of Investigation and Research" on Xinjiang, ostensibly intended on studying the policy changes to be implemented in response to the violence. In April 2010, party secretary Wang Lequan was replaced by Zhang Chunxian, a more conciliatory figure. The government authorised transfer payments totalling some $15 billi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2009_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_riots | 848 | 4 | 5 |
Xinjiang Police Files | The Xinjiang Police Files are said to be leaked documents from the Xinjiang internment camps, forwarded to anthropologist Adrian Zenz from an anonymous source. On May 24, 2022, an international consortium of 14 media groups published information about the files, which consist of over 10 gigabytes of speeches, images, s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_Police_Files | 2,034 | 0 | 1 |
Tibetan independence movement | The Tibetan independence movement (Tibetan: བོད་རང་བཙན Bod rang btsan; simplified Chinese: 西藏独立运动; traditional Chinese: 西藏獨立運動) is the political movement advocating for the reversal of the 1950 annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China, and the separation and independence of Greater Tibet from China.
It is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement | 2,048 | 0 | 4 |
Tibetan independence movement | 6 agent Sydney Wignall, in his autobiography, reveals that he and John Harrop travelled to Tibet together in 1955 posing as mountaineers. Captured by the Chinese authority, Wignall recalled that he was surprised to find two CIA agents were already under Chinese detention.
Clandestine military involvement by the U.S. be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement | 2,048 | 1 | 4 |
Tibetan independence movement | lives of Tibetans have deteriorated, pointing to rights enjoyed by the Tibetan language in education and in courts and says that the lives of Tibetans have been improved immensely compared to the Dalai Lama's rule before 1950. Benefits that are commonly quoted include: the GDP of Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) today is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement | 2,048 | 2 | 4 |
Tibetan independence movement | and the British Raj: The Frontier Cadre 1904–1947. London: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-0627-3.
Shakya, Tsering (1999). The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11814-9.
Smith, Warren W. (Jr.) (1996). Tibetan Nation: A History of Tibetan Nati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement | 1,061 | 3 | 4 |
Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China | As of May 2022, 160 monks, nuns, and ordinary people have self-immolated in Tibet and surrounding regions since 27 February 2009, when Tapey, a young monk from Kirti Monastery, set himself on fire in the marketplace in Ngawa City, Ngawa County, Sichuan. According to the International Campaign for Tibet (ICT), "Chinese ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-immolation_protests_by_Tibetans_in_China | 2,048 | 0 | 2 |
Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China | 2015 ===
7
March: Ngawa 1,
April (2): Kardze 1, Ngawa 1,
May (2): Kardze (Dau County) 1, Kanlho (Jonê County) 1, July (1): Yushu, August (1): Kanlho (Sangqu county)1,
=== 2016 ===
3
February (1): Kardze (Nyarong county), March (1): Ngawa (Dzoege county), December (1): Kardze (Machu county),
=== 2017 ===
6 (until 5 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-immolation_protests_by_Tibetans_in_China | 574 | 1 | 2 |
Dalai Lama | The Dalai Lama (UK: , US: ; Tibetan: ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་, Wylie: Tā la'i bla ma [táːlɛː láma]) is the head of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. The term is part of the full title "Holiness Knowing Everything Vajradhara Dalai Lama" given by Altan Khan. He offered it in appreciation to the Gelug school's then-leader, Sonam ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama | 2,048 | 0 | 11 |
Dalai Lama | the vast popular power base of devoted followers built up by his four predecessors. By 1642, with the strategy provided by his chagdzo (manager) Sonam Rapten and the military assistance of Khoshut chieftain Gushri Khan, the 'Great 5th' founded the Dalai Lamas' religious and political reign over Tibet that survived for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama | 2,048 | 1 | 11 |
Dalai Lama | it by 1511. That year he saw visions in the lake and 'empowered' it to impart clues to help identify incarnate lamas. All Dalai Lamas from the 3rd on were found with the help of such visions granted to regents. He was invited back to Tashilhunpo and given the residence built for Gendun Drup, to be occupied later by th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama | 2,048 | 2 | 11 |
Dalai Lama | 5, he stayed 2 years with Dhüring Khan, teaching Buddhism to his people and converting more Mongol princes and their tribes. Receiving a second invitation from the Emperor in Beijing he accepted, but died en route in 1588. As he was dying, his Mongolian converts urged him not to leave them, as they needed his continuin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama | 2,048 | 3 | 11 |
Dalai Lama | Dalai Lama as the highest spiritual and political authority in Tibet. 'The Great Fifth' became the temporal ruler of Tibet in 1642 and from then on the rule of the Dalai Lama lineage over some, all or most of Tibet lasted with few breaks for the next 317 years, until 1959, when the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India. In 16... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama | 2,048 | 4 | 11 |
Dalai Lama | en route to Beijing. Journalist Thomas Laird argues that it was apparently done so that construction of the Potala Palace could be finished, and it was to prevent Tibet's neighbors, the Mongols and the Qing, from taking advantage of an interregnum in the succession of the Dalai Lamas.
=== 6th Dalai Lama ===
The Six... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama | 2,048 | 5 | 11 |
Dalai Lama | Khoshut Mongols and Tibetans were happy (and well paid) to join and swell its ranks.
By the autumn of 1720, the marauding Dzungar Mongols had been vanquished from Tibet. Qing imperial forces had entered Lhasa triumphantly with the 12-year-old, acting as patrons of the Dalai Lama, liberators of Tibet, allies of the Tib... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama | 2,048 | 6 | 11 |
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