text stringlengths 117 334k | target stringlengths 20 2.97k | evaluation_predictions list |
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since prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) was demonstrated in prostatic tissue in 1970 , measurement of the serum psa level has become widely used for the early diagnosis and management of prostate cancer .
however , it is well known that an increased serum psa level does not always indicate the existence of prostate c... | purposethe prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) level decreases after transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) .
however , changes in the psa level after potassium - titanyl - phosphate ( ktp ) laser vaporization of the prostate are not well known .
the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ktp... | [
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these range from various slow - growing benign tumors and low - grade malignancies to fast growing high - grade malignancies .
angiofibromas are one such group of tumors arising in this region , which present as swellings . of these
, nasal angiofibromas ( nas ) are the most common and nas occurring in the region other... | angiofibromas are rare , benign , locally invasive vascular tumors , which represent 0.05 - 0.5% of all head and neck tumors .
most frequent site of occurrence is the posterior nasopharynx , called as nasopharyngeal angiofibromas ( na ) , when these arise outside the nasopharyngeal region they are termed as extranas... | [
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a 27-year - old man visited our hospital because of a sudden - onset generalized convulsion .
he had been overworking and had slept less than 5 hours a day for the previous month . a week prior to the hospital visit , the patient had developed a fever and generalized myalgia but had not taken any medicine .
high fever ... | encephalitis is caused by multiple organisms , but rarely by the hepatitis a virus .
a 27-year - old man visited our hospital because of fever , altered consciousness , and seizures . on physical exam , a stuporous mentality and neck stiffness were found . on laboratory exam , elevated liver enzymes and cerebrospina... | [
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microsatellites are simple sequence repeats ( ssrs ) that exhibit complex patterns in their frequency of occurrence , genomic distribution , mutability , function and evolution . apart from being the source of informative genetic markers , microsatellites per se
have attracted a lot of attention with respect to their o... | insatdb presents an interactive interface to query information regarding microsatellite characteristics per se of five fully sequenced insect genomes ( fruit - fly , honeybee , malarial mosquito , red - flour beetle and silkworm ) .
insatdb allows users to obtain microsatellites annotated with size ( in base pairs a... | [
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electrical impedance tomography ( eit ) [ 1 , 2 ] reconstructs the spatial distribution of electrical conductivity or resistivity of a closed conducting domain ( ) from the surface potentials developed by a constant current injection through the surface electrodes surrounding the domain to be imaged . before carrying ... | phantoms are essentially required to generate boundary data for studying the inverse solver performance in electrical impedance tomography ( eit ) . a matlab - based boundary data simulator ( bds )
is developed to generate accurate boundary data using neighbouring current pattern for assessing the eit inverse solver... | [
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in accordance with the 1997 documents of the world health organization ( who ) , amoebiasis is the infection by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica with or without clinical manifestations .
the only known natural host of e. histolytica is the human body with the large intestine as the major target organ .
this... | in accordance with the 1997 documents of the world health organization ( who ) , amoebiasis is defined as the infection by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica with or without clinical manifestations .
the only known natural host of e. histolytica is the human with the large intestine as major target organ .... | [
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leishmania parasites are obligatory intracellular protozoa living in macrophages of humans and many other vertebrates .
l. major is one of the main causes of the cutaneous form of the leishmaniasis in the world ( 1 ) .
most of leishmania studies have yet been focused on leishmania itself or the immunogenicity and patho... | background : leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and sub - tropical countries in the world . characterization of inflammatory responses produced in cutaneous leishmaniasis has not yet been completed.methods:the specific primers were designed for ten pro - inflammatory genes including ccl4 , ccl3... | [
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emergency is a condition determined clinically or considered by the patient or his relatives as requiring urgent medical , dental or allied service , failing , which it would result in loss of life or limb.1 the identification of epidemiological trends in hospital admissions are essential for health - care planning and... | introduction : non - communicable diseases are emerging as an important component of the burden of diseases in developing countries . knowledge on admission and mortality patterns of endocrine - related diseases will give insight into the magnitude of these conditions and provide effective tools for planning , deliver... | [
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lung cancer is the most deadly cancer disease with an estimated 27% of all cancer deaths , .
a large part of patients with lung cancer undergoes radiotherapy . tracking tumor motion poses a significant challenge for precise dose delivery in lung cancer radiotherapy , due to respiratory motion of up to 3.5 cm for primar... | tumor movements should be accurately predicted to improve delivery accuracy and reduce unnecessary radiation exposure to healthy tissue during radiotherapy .
the tumor movements pertaining to respiration are divided into intra - fractional variation occurring in a single treatment session and inter - fractional vari... | [
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diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disease that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency or resistance which are associated with other complications such as macroangiopathy and microangiopathy .
moreover , studies have also recorded that hyperglycemia can eventually induce the production of... | mung bean was reported as a potential antidiabetic agent while fermented food has been proposed as one of the major contributors that can reduce the risk of diabetes in asian populations . in this study , we have compared the normoglycemic effect , glucose - induced hyperglycemic effect , and alloxan - induced hypergl... | [
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thirty - three eyes of 33 patients who underwent implantation of pc iols into the ac between may 2006 and july 2008 were evaluated retrospectively .
fourteen eyes had inadequate support due to posterior capsular rupture during phacoemulsification , and 19 eyes were previously aphakic .
the procedures were performed und... | we aimed to evaluate the implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens ( iol ) in the anterior chamber ( ac ) with the haptics passing through two iridectomies to the posterior chamber .
a total of 33 eyes of 33 patients with inadequate posterior capsular support due to either previous aphakia or posterior ca... | [
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most commonly affects people of african descent . in nigeria , sickle cell anaemia affects about 1 - 3% of the nigerian population .
individuals who have only one copy of the mutation are said to have sickle cell trait.12 these people are usually healthy but can transmit the disease to their children.3 sickle cell anae... | a couple , both carriers of the sickle cell anaemia trait ( genotype hbas ) with an offspring already affected with the genetic disease underwent a pre - implantation genetic diagnosis / polymerase chain reaction screening of biopsied blastomeres .
dna analysis of single blastomeres was carried out to find out indic... | [
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using metagenomic deep sequencing , we analyzed fecal samples from 180 infants and children ages 7 days96 months ( mean 18.7 months ) in tunisia who had unexplained diarrhea that tested negative for rotavirus , norovirus , astrovirus , sapovirus , adenovirus types 40 and 41 , and aichi virus by reverse transcription pc... | a divergent parvovirus genome was the only eukaryotic viral sequence detected in feces of a tunisian child with unexplained diarrhea .
tusavirus 1 shared 44% and 39% identity with the nonstructural protein 1 and viral protein 1 , respectively , of the closest genome , kilham rat parvovirus , indicating presence of a... | [
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noncoding regions are the major part of eukaryote genomes , and most of them are believed to evolve neutrally ( kimura 1983 ) . under this assumption
, we expect that the frequency of a particular short oligonucleotide , or dna word , of 10 bp or shorter should be primarily determined through accumulation of neutral mu... | eukaryote genomes contain many noncoding regions , and they are quite complex . to understand these complexities , we constructed a database , genome composition database , for the whole genome composition statistics for 101 eukaryote genome data , as well as more than 1,000 prokaryote genomes .
frequencies of all p... | [
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chronic itch , which is defined as itch lasting more than 6 weeks , is a prevalent problem that occurs in ~10% of the population ( mollanazar et al . , 2015 ) .
chronic itch conditions negatively affect quality of life , and yet there are no therapies that are both efficacious and selective for itch .
the lack of effec... | previous studies have revealed that trpv1 and trpa1 function downstream of many itch receptors , where they mediate inward current to trigger action potentials in primary afferents . although other trp channels , such as trpv4 , are expressed in primary afferents , whether or not they play an analogous role in itch wa... | [
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a modified radical mastectomy is a procedure in which the entire breast is removed ; including the skin , areola , nipple , and level i and level ii axillary lymph nodes , but the pectoralis major muscle is spared . in breast cancer cases with pectoral muscle involvement a radical mastectomy may need to be done if ther... | introductionstandard surgical approach for advanced breast cancer is a modified radical mastectomy with a periareolar elliptical incision . here
a unique surgical approach is presented utilizing intraoperative real time tissue perfusion technology.presentation of casea 65-year old african american female was diagnos... | [
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pig eyes were obtained from a local abattoir . only eyes that could be identified as right eyes were used . within 2 hours of death ,
the bulbar conjunctiva was preserved , while the palpebral conjunctiva was removed together with adnexal tissues .
eyes irrigated with pbs were placed with the optic nerve into a cryogen... | purposeto quantify regional changes of conventional outflow caused by ab interno trabeculectomy ( ait).methodsgonioscopic , plasma - mediated ait was established in enucleated pig eyes .
we developed a program to automatically quantify outflow changes ( r , package eye - canalogram , github.com ) using a fluorescent... | [
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as the cervical spine degenerates with age , there is increased risk of undesirable conditions such as displacement or degeneration of intervertebral disc , slackness of annulus fibrosis , osteophytosis of vertebral body and instability .
degenerative cervical disc may cause posterior neck pain , radiating pain on arm ... | objectiveto evaluate the utility of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion ( acdf ) with polyetheretherketone ( peek ) cage and autograft through long term(average 36 months ) follow-up.methodsthirty selected patients ( male:20/female:10 ) who suffered from cervical radiculopathy , myelopathy or radiculomyelopathy un... | [
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osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a degenerative joint disease that progressively causes loss of joint function and is a major source of physical disability and impaired quality of life in many countries [ 13 ] .
the pathological changes which occur during oa involve all the joint structures , that is , synovium , cartilage , a... |
background . the b2-bradykinin receptor ( bdkrb2 ) has been reported to associate with onset and development of osteoarthritis ( oa ) ; however , the role of bdkrb2 genetic polymorphisms in oa remains unknown .
method .
a total of 245 patients with primary knee oa and 264 healthy volunteer were recruited .
bdk... | [
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acute lung injury ( ali ) is a devastating syndrome and an important cause of mortality in critically ill patients .
the syndrome is characterized by hypoxemia and respiratory failure due to exudation to alveolar spaces which impairs gas exchange .
the risk factors for developing this syndrome include pneumonia , gastr... | acute lung injury is caused by many factors including acute pancreatitis .
there is no specific therapy directed at underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for acute lung injury . transforming growth factor- ( tgf- )
is involved in the resolution of lung injury in later phases of the disease .
some evidence exi... | [
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primary amenorrhea is usually the result of a genetic or anatomic abnormality . in young women with primary amenorrhea ,
it is commonly caused by x - chromosome aberrations such as in turner syndrome , but individuals with a normal chromosome complement and ovarian dysgenesis also exist .
a 35-year - old female patient... | gonadal ( ovarian ) dysgenesis with normal chromosomes ( 46 , xx ) , xx female gonadal dysgenesis ( xx - gd ) is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder . in 1951 , perrault reported the association of gonadal dysgenesis and deafness , now referred to as perrault 's syndrome .
perrault syndrome is a rare autosomal... | [
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bites from venomous snakes kill more people in the developing world than some of the world 's better recognized and better studied neglected tropical diseases .
. though not all bites are by venomous snakes or result in poisoning , up to 2 million of these bites result in the injection of venom , with hundreds of tho... |
objective .
most snakebite deaths occur prior to hospital arrival ; yet inexpensive , effective , and easy to administer out - of - hospital treatments do not exist .
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can be therapeutic in neurotoxic envenomations when administered intravenously , but nasally delivered drugs could... | [
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the knowledge about the role of cytokines in psoriasis has developed in the last several years .
initially , only th1 cells and cytokines secreted by these cells , like tnf- , ifn- , and il-2 , have been associated with the development and maintenance of chronic inflammatory diseases , such as psoriasis .
th1 cells dif... |
introduction . psoriasis is a t cell - mediated inflammatory disease in which pathogenesis t helper ( th ) lymphocytes ( th1 , th17 , and th22 ) play an important role .
the aim of the study was to assess the serum levels of some cytokines involved in the th17 and th22 responses in psoriatic patients .
material ... | [
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herries ( [ 1 , page 11 ] ) reanalyses the published data from the most recent excavations at twin rivers and argues that there is considerable uncertainty about the age of the deposits and as a consequence about the significance of the site .
he concludes that the sequence may be significantly younger than claimed an... | herries provides a timely review of the archaeological and dating evidence of the transition from the acheulean to the middle stone age ( msa ) in southern africa , however , in relation to the site of twin rivers , zambia he makes several fundamental errors of interpretation that demand correction .
the stratigraph... | [
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in our model , each particle consists of a core sphere with four tetrahedrally oriented arms ( see fig .
the central sphere and the arms are modeled as interpenetrating hard spheres with diameter , with the centre of each arm located a distance l from the centre of the core . on the surface of each arm
the patch is mo... | one of the most controversial hypotheses for explaining the origin of the thermodynamic anomalies characterizing liquid water postulates the presence of a metastable second - order liquid - liquid critical point [ 1 ] located in the no - man s land [ 2 ] . in this scenario ,
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pulmonary artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are uncommon ; most are caused by infections , like tuberculosis , vasculitis ( behet 's syndrome ) or trauma , often iatrogenic ; less common causes include pulmonary hypertension , congenital heart disease , lung carcinoma , and connective tissue disease ( 1 - 3 ) . beca... | we report a case of pseudoaneurysm of the anterior ascending branch of the left pulmonary artery , following a left upper lobectomy for pulmonary aspergillosis , for which we have done an endovascular treatment .
this is the first case where complete pseudoaneurysm occlusion was accomplished after a transcatheter in... | [
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propofol is a short - acting intravenous hypnotic agent , which is widely used for sedation and general anesthesia .
however , pain during injection of propofol can occur in up to 80% of patients , which can be very stressful to patients .
many methods including cooling or diluting the propofol solution or the concomit... | abstractbackground : propofol is associated with pain during injection , which is stressful to patients . the present study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of pretreatment with remifentanil and esmolol in minimizing propofol injection pain , compared with placebo.methods:in a randomized , double - bli... | [
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patients with underlying or comorbid medical condition , psychotic depression , and those who were already on psychotropic medicines were excluded from the study .
cases having contraindication for imipramine and/or lithium treatment were also excluded from the study . the aim of the study and the method adopted was ex... | background : treatment of depressive episode often poses a challenge .
although there are numerous medicines available for its treatment but they all have a lag period of 23 weeks before they start showing their result.aim:the aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that an initial lithium - tricyclic an... | [
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patients experience preventable harm from medical errors , mistakes and teamwork failures ( 1 ) .
it is a guiding factor in daily care and a central issue in healthcare ( 3 , 4 ) .
for example , in iran , it is not taught to medical personnel , traditionally ( 6 ) .
however , preventable adverse events are common in de... | backgroundit is important to focus on creating opportunities for patients participation at all levels of health systems in order to promote their ability to improve patient safety and quality of services .
the general aim of this study was to determine patient safety level in tehran university of medical sciences ( ... | [
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oral myiasis is a rare condition that refers to the invasion of tissue of the oral cavity by fly larvae .
the term myiasis ( greek : myia= fly , iasis = disease ) was coined by hope in 1840 and it was first described by laurance in 1909 .
zumpt defined myiasis as the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals wit... | oral myiasis is a rare condition in humans and is associated with poor oral hygiene , severe halitosis , mouth breathing during sleep , mental handicap , cerebral palsy , epilepsy , anterior open bite , incompetent lips , and other conditions . in this report , a 14 year - old boy who had an orofacial trauma in the ma... | [
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these injuries affect a large number of americans : in this country , craniofacial injuries make up more than 10% of all annual emergency room visits1 .
furthermore , in recent conflicts in the middle east , craniofacial injuries account for more than one - quarter of all injuries sustained by us soldiers23 .
a number ... | objectivesto validate a critical - size mandibular bone defect model in miniature pigs.materials and methodsbilateral notch defects were produced in the mandible of dentally mature miniature pigs .
the right mandibular defect remained untreated while the left defect received an autograft .
bone healing was evaluat... | [
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in most teleost fishes head kidney , pronephros plays an important role as main hematopoietic organ and blood cell reservoir ( fange 1994 ; houston et al . 1996 ; fijan 2002a , b ; romano et al .
2004 ; rombout et al . 2005 ; gangopadhyay and homechaudhuri 2011 ) . according to wendelaar bonga ( 1997 ) and weyts et al ... | the effects of cadmium and copper on activity of common carp head kidney hematopoietic tissue were evaluated .
the fish were subjected to short - term ( 3 h , cd - s and cu - s ) or long - term ( 4 weeks , cd - l and cu - l ) exposures to 100 % 96hlc50 or 10 % 96hlc50 , respectively .
head kidneys were isolate... | [
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study sites - north sinai is located in the northeastern part of egypt
( 30.5n 33.6e ) , marking the point of connection between asia and africa .
north sinai is
bordered by the gulf of suez , the red sea and the mediterranean sea and is inhabited
mainly by bedouins .
the regions comprise the following district... | cutaneous leishmaniasis ( cl ) is a neglected clinical form of public health importance
that is quite prevalent in the northern and eastern parts of egypt .
a comprehensive
study over seven years ( january 2005-december 2011 ) was conducted to track cl
transmission with respect to both sandfly vectors and anim... | [
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... |
the spinal dural arteriovenous fistula ( sdavf ) is the most common type of spinal vascular malformation , but it is rare condition in overall incidence561013171820 ) .
it is characterized by progressive , insidious , and non - specific symptoms that are similar to those of more common etiology , such as degenerative s... | the spinal dural arteriovenous fistula ( sdavf ) is rare , presenting with progressive , insidious symptoms , and inducing spinal cord ischemia and myelopathy , resulting in severe neurological deficits .
if physicians have accurate and enough information about vascular anatomy and hemodynamics , they achieve the go... | [
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263,
339,
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191... |
smoking cessation is crucial for a better prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease ( chd)13 and copd.2,4,5 acute heart attacks are associated with high smoking cessation rates . in patients with a first myocardial infarction ( mi ) in the 1970s,3 among whom
78% were smoking , the quitting rate was 55% . in a s... | backgroundpatients with copd have had a lower tendency to quit smoking compared to patients with coronary heart disease ( chd ) .
we wanted to investigate if this is still true in a norwegian population.methodsour data came from the fifth and sixth troms surveys , which took place in 20012002 and 20072008 .
the pr... | [
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fried seeds subjected to grinding by adding sufficient water to it for 30 - 45 min . the mixture was filtered through muslin cloth and pea nut milk is separated .
solvent { ethanol : acetone ( 1:1 ) } was added to the milk and then subjected to refrigeration for 30 min .
indomethacin was dissolved in chloroform and bio... | indomethacin microparticles prepared by extraction of bio polymer from arachis hypogen . in vitro drug release study
was carried out through egg shell membrane for 3 hrs and analyzed sample by uv spectroscopy at 320 nm .
a novel bio membrane from arachis hypogen was isolated by simplify economical process .
the ... | [
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in an experimental study , fifty male weaning wistar rats ( pasture institute , iran ) , 21 days of age on arrival were housed individually in wire bar - floor cages .
the animals ( weight : 35.59 0.39 ) were allowed 1 week of acclimatization in a standard environment at 22c , 50% humidity and 12-h light / dark cycles... | background : evidence exists for reciprocal effects of insulin and desacyl - ghrelin ( dag ) concentration , but the association between different fatty acid saturation in high fat diet ( hfd ) and these hormones remain to be established . to evaluate the impact of different sources of dietary fat and the level of fat... | [
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1030,
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infantile postural asymmetry ( far better known as congenital muscular torticollis ) is
characterised predominantly by asymmetric movement patterns , such as trunk convexity and
unilateral restriction in head turning1,2,3 .
to
direct the focus on the trunk , the designation infantile postural asymmetry
the expe... | [ purpose ] physical therapy is an acknowledged and frequently applied method for infantile
postural asymmetry .
however , there is not yet sufficient evidence for its effectiveness .
[ subjects and methods ] in a randomised controlled trial , the effect of vojta therapy
versus neurodevelopmental treatment i... | [
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cesarean delivery rates have been increasing in a fast manner throughout the world within past few decades ( 1 ) .
although reasonable cesarean rates have been proposed as 510% by who , cesarean delivery rates across the world varies between 0.4% and 41% ( 2 ) .
while cesarean birth rates had reached 28% in usa , 21% i... | background : p cesarean delivery rates have been increasing throughout the world .
parallel to the developments in the world the cesarean rate in turkey has risen to 48.1% in 2013 .
some of the social factors were related with cesarean births .
the purpose of this study was to determine cesarean birth rates and ... | [
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10... |
inspection of the database of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins ( cogs ) revealed only one family of such proteins that is represented in most of the sequenced bacterial , archaeal and eukaryotic genomes .
the prototype of this family is the rhomboid ( rho ) protein from drosophila melanogaster , a developme... | the near - universal presence of the rhomboid family in bacteria , archaea and eukaryotes appears to suggest that this protein is part of the heritage of the last universal common ancestor , phylogenetic tree analysis indicates a likely bacterial origin with subsequent dissemination by horizontal gene transfer . | [
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3466,
11... |
tuberculosis of oral cavity is a rare entity . even before antitubercular chemotherapy era , oral lesions occurred less commonly in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis .
a 55-year - old labourer was referred to the outpatient department of our centre as a case of suspected gingivobu - ccal carcinoma for further evalua... | tuberculosis of the oral cavity is a rare condition .
a 55-year - old labourer was referred as a case of oral cancer for further management .
the patient had no systemic symptoms .
biopsy of the lesion revealed caseating granulomatous inflammation .
chest x - ray and sputum revealed evidence of asymptomatic pu... | [
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12... |
alopecia areata ( aa ) is a chronic , organ specific autoimmune disease , probably mediated by autoreactive t cells , which affects the hair follicles and sometimes the nails .
there is a high frequency of a family history of aa in affected persons , ranging from 10% up to 42% of cases .
clinically , the disease manife... | background : dermatoscopy is a new noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of various skin and hair disorders .
dermatoscopy of alopecia areata ( aa ) shows various specific features , which may aid in confirming the diagnosis.aims:the aim of this study was to determine the various clinical patterns and the dermatoscopic... | [
2,
114,
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110,
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106,
... |
since dental ceramic restorations have been introduced in 20 century,1 reproduction of natural appearance of teeth has been a major concern in dentistry . for metal - ceramic restorations ,
light reflection from an opaque porcelain layer to mask the metal substrate resulted in opaque appearance and therefore , their us... | purposethis study investigated the effect of amount of thickness reduction on color and translucency of dental monolithic zirconia ceramics.materials and methodsone - hundred sixty - five monolithic zirconia specimens ( 16.3 mm 16.3 mm 2.0 mm ) were divided into 5 groups ( group i to v ) according to the number of a... | [
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real - time monitoring of the circadian gene expression was performed using rat-1 cells expressing a luciferase reporter under the control of the upstream region of bmal1 gene .
rat-1 cells were treated with 0.1 m dexamethasone for 2 h for the rhythm synchronization , and the bioluminescence signals from the cells we... | molecular oscillation of the circadian clock is based on e - box - mediated transcriptional feedback loop formed with clock genes and their encoding products , clock proteins .
the clock proteins are regulated by post - translational modifications such as phosphorylation .
we investigated the effects of a series... | [
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classical pcr - ligation strategy is the most familiar one to clone for its convenience and efficiency . in long cds cloning , pcr and sequencing are the most challenging steps .
dna is not easily amplified from complementary dna ( cdna ) for many reasons , e.g. cdna may not be in good quality , primers are easier to m... | long fragment cloning is a challenge for its difficulty in accurate amplifying and tendency to get unwanted mutation . here
we discuss restriction - based multiple - fragment assembly strategy 's advantages and limitations . in this strategy , rather than pcr amplifying the entire coding sequence ( cds ) at one time... | [
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the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s40121 - 015 - 0094 - 6 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
extended spectrum -lactamases ( esbl ) are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing penicillins , broad - spectrum cephalosporins , and monobactams .
these infections increase cost... | introductionwhile the clinical and laboratory standards institute ( clsi ) recommends against routine screening for extended spectrum -lactamases ( esbls ) , knowledge of these data can provide valuable insights regarding epidemiology and drug therapy decisions .
the purpose of this study was to compare the impact o... | [
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2834,
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10... |
labor wellbeing refers to all efforts of employers , trade unions , voluntary organizations , and governmental agencies , which help employees feel better and perform ( work ) better .
it is a comprehensive term that refers to the physical , mental , moral , and emotional wellbeing of an individual including intra and ... | background : reviewing the human resources management literature shows an absence of attention given to the employee 's benefits . taking a look at functions of the tehran university of medical sciences wellbeing services system
, it uncovers a gap between employees real needs and what is delivered to meet their nee... | [
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217,
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1545,
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111,
112,
225,
1057,
233,
... |
superior mesenteric artery ( sma ) syndrome is a rare disorder , recognized as weight loss , nausea , vomiting , and post - prandial pain due to compression and partial obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum by the sma .
if conservative treatment fails , then laparotomy with duodenojejunostomy or lysis of the... | background and objectives : superior mesenteric artery ( sma ) syndrome is a rare disorder , recognized as weight loss , nausea , vomiting , and post - prandial pain due to compression and partial obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum by the sma .
if conservative treatment fails , then laparotomy with duo... | [
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114,
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1... |
according to the new report from world health organization ( who ) published in september 2011 , cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) remain the leading cause of death and disability in the world .
noncommunicable diseases accounted for more than 36 million deaths in 2008 with cvds responsible for 48% of these deaths , can... | cardiovascular disease has reached near epidemic proportion in sub - saharan africa , and systemic hypertension ( sh ) remains the driver of cardiovascular complications .
we studied hypertension - related admissions and their outcome at the abubaker tafawa balewa university teaching hospital ( atbuth ) bauchi , nor... | [
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799,
114,
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113,
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233,
985,
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106,
195,
5216,
110,
107,
... |
but , considered little more than cellular garbage cans acting to discard unwanted molecular components , exosomes remained little studied for the next 10 years . over the past few years , however , evidence has begun to accumulate that the vesicles are like signaling payloads containing cell - specific collections of ... | exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types , and are thought to play important roles in intercellular communications . although exosomes were originally described in 1983 , interest in these vesicles has really increased dramatically in the last 3 years , after the finding tha... | [
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ovarian cancer affects close to 25,000 women yearly and most patients have extensive metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis.ovarian cancer metastasis is thought to result from exfoliation of tumor cells from the ovary and/or direct extension onto the peritoneal surfaces , the omentum , and the surface of organs ... | ovarian cancer affects approximately 25,000 women in the united states each year and remains one of the most lethal female malignancies . a standard approach to therapy is surgical cytoreduction , after which the remaining microscopic residual disease is treated with chemotherapy .
the vast majority of patients have... | [
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association of osteomalacia or rickets with neurofibromatosis has been documented only rarely . as a rule , osteomalacia in neurofibromatosis
is characterized by later onset in adulthood , renal phosphate loss with hypophosphatemia , and multiple pseudofractures in the typical cases .
the hypophosphatemic conditions th... | osteomalacia in neurofibromatosis is a rare entity and distinct from more common dysplastic skeletal affections of this disease . as a rule
, it is characterized by later onset in adulthood .
there is renal phosphate loss with hypophosphatemia and multiple pseudofractures in the typical cases .
the hypophosphate... | [
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complete debridement and effective disinfection of the root canal space is an important prerequisite for achieving long - term success of nonsurgical endodontics .
chemomechanical instrumentation reduces majority of infecting bacteria , together with their principal substrate of necrotic pulp debris but retention of mi... | aim : a comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of natural extracts of morinda citrifolia , papain , and aloe vera ( all in gel formulations ) , 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide , against enterococcus faecalis an in vitro study.materials and methods : the antimicrobial efficacy was assessed in ... | [
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dermatomyositis ( dm ) is an uncommon idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that primarily affects skeletal muscle and skin with well - characterized cutaneous findings .
it has been well documented that dm carries an increased risk of malignancy and can present as a paraneoplastic syndrome to multiple types of underlying m... | breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the usa , with the lifetime incidence of 1 in 8 women .
dermatomyositis ( dm ) is an uncommon idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that can manifest as a paraneoplastic syndrome of an underlying malignancy . here
, we report a case of a patient who presented with bre... | [
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current generation composite , light - weight , combat helmets provide enhanced fragmentation and ballistic protection , generally with reduced weight in comparison to previous generations of combat helmets .
previous generations of military combat helmets , such as the us personal armor system ground troops ( pasgt ) ... | a human head surrogate has been developed for use in behind helmet blunt trauma experiments .
this human head surrogate fills the void between post - mortem human subject testing ( with biofidelity but handling restrictions ) and commercial ballistic head forms ( with no biofidelity but ease of use ) .
this unique... | [
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neuroblastoma ( nb ) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children , with an incidence of 1 case per 100.000 children per year , and causes 15% of cancer deaths in pediatric age .
nb originates from the sympathetic nervous system , most frequently in the adrenal medulla or the paraspinal ganglia .
the causes ... | the role of nonclassical hla - class ib molecules hla - g and hla - e in the progression of neuroblastoma ( nb ) , the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor , has been characterized in the last years .
since bm infiltration by nb cells is an adverse prognostic factor , we have here analyzed for the first ti... | [
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this is a nonrandomized prospective comparative case study on 57 eyes seeking refractive surgery who were not indicated for laser corneal refractive surgery .
patients with refraction error between 2.00 d and 14.50 d who could use both artiflex and artisan , were free to choose the type of the lens . other patients und... | aim of study : the aim of this study is to assess wavefront aberration and contrast sensitivity ( cs ) after implantation of foldable iris claw artiflex- and rigid iris claw
artisan- phakic intraocular lenses ( piols).materials and methods : a nonrandomized prospective comparative case study was performed on 57 ey... | [
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both innate and adaptive immune responses are , in every way , affected by polarization with cytokines .
the expression of costimulatory molecules and chemokines , as well as the execution of effector programs , is affected in monocytes . in humans and mice , t helper ( th)1 and th2 polarization with ifn - r and il-4
i... | low - level laser therapy ( lllt ) has been used in the treatment of radiotherapy - induced oral mucositis and allergic rhinitis
. however , the effects of lllt on human monocyte polarization into m1 macrophages are unknown . to evaluate the effects of lllt on m1-related cytokine and chemokine production and elucida... | [
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worldwide , the population with diabetes is currently estimated at 366 million and is expected to exceed half a billion by 2030 .
foot ulcers are the principal cause of severe complications and hospitalization among patients with diabetes , substantially increasing the costs with this disease . in the united states ,
t... | the aim of this study was to identify and quantify risk factors for amputation in diabetic patients hospitalized for foot infections .
this cross - sectional study comprised 100 patients with diabetic infectious complications in the lower limbs .
the variables investigated were related to diabetes , infection , an... | [
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falls are both common and debilitating in patients with parkinson 's disease ( pd ) .
they have devastating consequences for affected individuals , often leading to injuries , secondary immobility , and reduced quality of life .
survival is reduced once falls have occurred , although a recent report failed to identify ... | falls are among the most incapacitating features of parkinson 's disease . prevention of falls requires a systematic assessment of all contributing factors ( with emphasis on freezing of gait and frontal executive dysfunction ) , and a multidisciplinary treatment approach tailored to the specific pathophysiology of fa... | [
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broomrapes ( orobanche spp . ) are fully parasitic flowering plants that lack chlorophyll ; hence they penetrate roots of susceptible hosts , removing water , minerals and sugars .
( egyptian broomrape ) attacks dicotyledonous crops cultivated around the mediterranean , causing massive yield losses .
broomrape attached... | the use of enzyme could facilitate pathogen penetration into plant host . here
the combination of cellulase and pectinase was ascertained on the pathogenicity of f. compactum ( 1.4 106 propagules ml1 ) on broomrape tubercles .
f. compactum alone infected all the inoculated tubercles but did not kill any signif... | [
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acute kidney injury ( aki ) , defined as an abrupt drop of renal function within a short period , is a frequent and serious complication in the intensive care unit ( icu ) or after surgery , with an incidence of 7.7%42% in patients with previous normal renal function.1,2 aki or even a minor increase in serum creatinine... | objective : the aim was to investigate the efficacy and safety of erythropoietin ( epo ) to prevent acute kidney injury ( aki ) in patients with critical illness or perioperative care.methods:randomized controlled trials comparing epo with placebo for aki prevention in adult patients with critical illness or periopera... | [
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a 60-year - old patient presented in the outpatient department with chief complaints of hematuria with off and on episode of urine retention .
there was history of passage of small stones in urine occasionally for last few days .
on ultrasonography he was found to have 35 g prostate with slightly thickened bladder wall... | jackstone calculi are urinary tract stones that have a specific appearance resembling toy jacks .
they are almost always composed of calcium oxalate dihydrate consist of a dense central core and radiating spicules .
they are usually light brown with dark patches and are usually described to occur in the urinary bl... | [
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when i hear the word quantitation , what comes to mind is the contrast between two famous 19th - century german scientists , alexander von humboldt and carl gauss , as described in measuring the world : a novel ( kehlmann , 2009 ) .
von humboldt was a great prussian explorer who made many discoveries , including electr... | quantitative biology is a hot area , as evidenced by the recent establishment of institutes , graduate programs , and conferences with that name .
but what is quantitative biology ? what should it be ? and how can it contribute to solving the big questions in biology ?
the past decade has seen very rapid developme... | [
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the discovery of the silicon pn junction is a landmark in the development of modern microelectronics .
silicon and other inorganic semiconductors are the predominant materials in electronic manufacturing today ; however , the development of organic - based electronic components has been a focus of intensive research an... | in this study , we synthesized the new kinds of semiconducting polymeric gels having negative ( n - type ) and positive ( p - type ) counter ions as charge carriers .
the polyacrylamide gel was doped with pyranine ( 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid , trisodium salt ) , havingions as side groups and na+ as coun... | [
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humans have domesticated animals and plants through selective breeding , producing individuals with specific traits deemed beneficial ( hazel 1950 ) .
hunting and plant harvesting can have selective , evolutionary effects on wildlife behavior and wildlife and plant morphology ( skogland 1989 ; mcgraw 2001 ; harris et a... | life history traits of wild animals can be strongly influenced , both phenotypically and evolutionarily , by hunting and fishing .
however , few studies have quantified fishery selection over long time periods .
we used 57 years of catch and escapement data to document the magnitude of and trends in gillnet select... | [
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among technical errors which might cause misinterpretation of the us image of the examined focal lesion one can number inter alia artifacts resulting from the volumetric averaging in near and far field . an artifact in the near field can result in lesions localized at depths up to 10 mm not being visualized and small h... | sonomammography is often the first additional examination performed in the diagnostics of breast diseases .
the development of ultrasound imaging techniques , particularly the introduction of high frequency transducers , matrix transducers , harmonic imaging and finally , elastography , influenced the improvement of... | [
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through the last twenty years , the knowledge on thyroid disease during pregnancy has rapidly expanded .
it is well documented that women with overt hypothyroidism during pregnancy have an increased risk of pregnancy loss and adverse pregnancy outcome [ 13 ] , but the consequences of subclinical hypothyroidism and the ... |
introduction .
the aim of this study was to estimate the significance of tsh , thyroid peroxidase antibody ( tpoab ) , and mild ( subclinical ) hypothyroidism in women from the danish general suburban population study ( gesus ) on the number of children born , the number of pregnancies , and the number of spontane... | [
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652,
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the metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is a clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors that have been widely discussed for at least 20 years .
although some have questioned the clinical utility of metabolic syndrome , there are many reasons to believe that this entity is useful . identification of metabolic syndr... | aims : to compare waist circumference ( wc ) , body mass index ( bmi ) , waist hip ratio ( whr ) , and waist - to - height ratio ( whtr ) and define an appropriate cut - off , which is most closely predictive of the non - adipose components of the idf metabolic syndrome ( mets ) definition.methods and results : a tota... | [
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111,
8831,
233... |
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a rapidly progressive degenerative neurological disease . about 5%-10% of als is familial , with the remaining 90% of people diagnosed with als being classified as having sporadic disease ( 1 ) .
although several environmental risk factors have been considered , the causes of al... | the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) and exposure to rural environments .
studies were identified through ovid medline and embase search up to september 2013 using as keywords rural residence , farmers , and pesticide exposure .
twenty - tw... | [
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noninvasive mechanical ventilation ( niv ) , including noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ( nippv ) , is a well - accepted treatment for chronic neuromuscular respiratory failure associated with conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , and niv prolongs survival .
clinicians are often pressed for an imm... | if invasive ventilation can be avoided by performing noninvasive mechanical ventilation ( niv ) in patients with acute respiratory failure ( arf ) , the disease can be effectively managed .
it is important to clarify the characteristics of patients with neuromuscular diseases in whom initial niv is likely to be unsu... | [
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the successful pathogen , toxoplasma gondii , is able to infect virtually all warm - blooded animals including birds and mammals in worldwide , obligating to the zoonotic toxoplasmosis ( 1 ) .
human beings acquired the disease mainly through ingestion of tissue cysts or oocysts of t. gondii , containing in food or wate... | background : toxoplasmosis , a worldwide zoonotic disease , is caused by toxoplasma gondii .
the distribution of genetic diversity of t. gondii in wild animals is of great importance to understand the transmission of the parasite in the environment .
however , little is known about t. gondii prevalence in wild ani... | [
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the success of valproic acid ( vpa , 2-propylpentanoic acid ) , a short branched chain fatty acid , for the therapy of absence seizures , partial seizures , tonic - clonic seizures , bipolar disorder , schizoaffective disorder , social phobias , neuropathic pain and for the prophylaxis and treatment of migraine headach... | valproic acid ( vpa ) has successfully been used in the therapy of a number of conditions including absence seizures , partial seizures , tonic - clonic seizures , bipolar disorder , schizoaffective disorder , social phobias , neuropathic pain and migraine headaches .
there is a high rise in number of cases of toxic... | [
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immunopathology is associated with the most common life - threatening disorders , including atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases , cancer , and chronic inflammation .
a number of diseases , such as lupus erythematosus , rheumatoid arthritis , or hiv infections , are characterized by pronounced immunopath... | several highly prevalent human diseases are associated with immunopathology .
alterations in the immune system are found in such life - threatening disorders as cancer and atherosclerosis .
monocyte activation followed by macrophage polarization is an important step in normal immune response to pathogens and other... | [
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263,... |
several guidelines have been published regarding the treatment and prevention of deep vein
thrombosis ( dvt)1 , 2 .
the guidelines underscore the fact that comprehensive measures for
prevention of dvt are necessary3 .
guidelines for the diagnosis , treatment and prevention of pulmonary thromboembolism and deep
... | [ purpose ] the aim of this study was to identify how to effectively use elastic stockings .
[ subjects and methods ] ten young healthy men participated in this study .
time - averaged
maximum flow velocity in the common femoral vein was measured for 20 seconds using a pulse
doppler method with a diagnostic ul... | [
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233,
16532,
2004,
19... |
the canadian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance ( cipars ) , established in 2003 , monitors antimicrobial drug use and resistance in selected species of enteric bacteria from humans , animals , and animal - derived food sources across canada ( www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ cipars - picra / surv - eng.p... | we report emergence of ciprofloxacin - resistant salmonella enterica serovar kentucky in canada during 20032009 .
all isolates had similar macrorestriction patterns and were multilocus sequence type st198 , which has been observed in europe and africa .
ciprofloxacin - resistant s. enterica serovar kentucky repres... | [
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8... |
pregnant women and neonates are at greater risk for influenza - related complications than the general population [ 1 , 2 ] .
most institutions and organizations recommend that all pregnant women receive the trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine [ 38 ] .
such endorsements rely on the immunogenic response of the... |
objective . to assess the effects of the inactivated influenza virus vaccine on influenza outcomes in pregnant women and their infants
.
methods . we performed a systematic review of the literature .
we searched for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies in the medline , embase , and other relevant da... | [
2,
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108,... |
embryos generated through assisted reproductive technologies ( art ) are deemed surplus when , for some reason , they are not used for reproductive purposes ( svendsen and koch 2008 ; haimes and taylor 2011 ) ; instead , they are then disposed of or , where this is allowed by a country s art regulation , may be donated... | this paper is based on linked qualitative studies of the donation of human embryos to stem cell research carried out in the united kingdom , switzerland , and china .
all three studies used semi - structured interview protocols to allow an in - depth examination of donors and non - donors rationales for their donati... | [
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1... |
patients undergoing orthopedic surgery are of different ages and sizes . regional analgesia and anesthesia are often beneficial for these patients .
the choices of anesthesia are as varied as the operations done through the scope , and include general blocks , central neuraxial blocks , peripheral nerve blocks , and in... | objectiveto determine the dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% required for unilateral spinal anesthesia during diagnostic knee arthroscopy.patients and methodsthis prospective , randomized , clinical study was performed in 80 patients who were assigned to four groups to receive different doses of intrathecal hyperbari... | [
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2... |
clinical histories and condition of host dogs : in total , 173 cotton rectal
swabs were collected from 93 dogs treated at rakuno gakuen university ( rgu ) veterinary
teaching hospital ( ebetsu , japan ; university hospital ) and from 80 dogs treated at 8
companion animal clinics ( 10 samples per clinic , from dif... | abstractunderstanding the prevalence
of antimicrobial - resistance and the relationship between emergence of resistant bacteria
and clinical treatment can facilitate design of effective treatment strategies .
we here
examined antimicrobial susceptibilities of escherichia coli isolated from
dogs admitted to a... | [
2,
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114,
8386,
... |
denture lining materials are widely used for the base of a denture to reduce pain or to improve the fit between the denture and mucous membrane.1 they act as a cushion and provide an even distribution of functional load onto the stress - bearing mucosa.2 application of a soft lining material to the dentures can also in... | objectivesthe aim of this study was to compare the color stability of three acrylic based hard liners ( ufi gel hard , dura - liner ii , tokuso rebase ) and two silicone based soft liners ( ufi gel permanent , molloplast b ) by using the colorimeter.methodssixty disc - shaped samples , with uniform size of 10 mm diame... | [
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37526,
11... |
the characteristics of keratoconus ( kc ) have been well documented in numerous populations worldwide .
characteristics such as age , gender , visual acuity , severity , associated factors , and management have been reported in studies conducted in australia , england , india , iran , israel , jordan , malaysia , new z... | purpose : to describe the characteristics of keratoconus ( kc ) patients seen in a contact lens clinic of a children 's hospital in kenya.results:a total of 254 patients records were analyzed .
mean age at presentation to the clinic was 20.97 11.13 year ( range , 684 years ) with 75% between the ages of 6 and 25 ye... | [
2,
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3673,
93... |
pasteurella multocida was first described by revolee in 1877 and further characterized by pasteur in 1880 .
pasteurella species usually have low virulence in humans , but serious manifestations sometimes occur and can lead to bacteremia .
we present a patient who developed septic shock as a result of p. multocida bacte... | pasteurella multocida is a gram - negative organism characterized morphologically as coccobacillus .
it is the commonest organism infecting pet bites .
however , severe infections may occur in the absence of animal bites or scratches .
pasteurella multocida serves as an opportunistic pathogen in humans , especia... | [
2,
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80267,
7599,
... |
neuroendocrine tumors ( nets ) originate from neural crest cells which belong to the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation ( apud ) lineage and have both neural and endocrine cell features .
these tumors are generally seen in the gastroenteropancreatic tract and lungs and rarely in ovary .
these tumors can be imag... | somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is considered as a comprehensive imaging modality for many neuroendocrine tumors .
multiple radiotracers using combinations of gamma or positron emitting radionuclides and tracers are now available .
newer radiopharmaceuticals using 99mtc labeled with toc , tate , noc are good al... | [
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204,
2... |
recent explosive advances in high - throughput sequencing technologies have led to the identification of numerous somatic mutations in cancer genomes.16 however , only a few of them functionally contribute to tumorigenesis .
driver mutations that have a casual role in tumorigenesis from passenger mutations , which hav... | genetically - engineered mouse ( gem ) models have provided significant contributions to our understanding of cancer biology and developing anticancer therapeutic strategies .
the development of gem models that faithfully recapitulate histopathological and clinical features of human cancers is one of the most pressi... | [
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114,
... |
the 2007 american medical association expert committee on prevention , assessment , and treatment of childhood obesity identified caregiver feeding behaviors as an important target for intervention , categorically stating that there is consistent evidence to support avoiding overly restrictive feeding behaviors .
a g... | targeting feeding dynamics , a concept centered on the roles and interaction of the
caregiver and child in a feeding relationship , may have significant potential for obesity
intervention .
the aim of this paper is to describe the 3-phase development of the feeding
dynamics intervention ( fdi ) , an acceptabil... | [
2,
136,
800,
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... |
the two membranes of the nuclear envelope , the inner nuclear membrane ( inm ) and outer nuclear membrane ( onm ) , are separated by a uniform distance of 3050 nm . to facilitate the import and export of cargos , the inm and onm meet at junctions containing nuclear pore complexes ( npcs ) .
furthermore , the onm is co... | the nuclear envelope consists of 2 membranes separated by 3050 nm , but how the 2 membranes are evenly spaced has been an open question in the field .
nuclear envelope bridges composed of inner nuclear membrane sun proteins and outer nuclear membrane kash proteins have been proposed to set and regulate nuclear enve... | [
2,
109,
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386,
110,
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11... |
dental caries in primary teeth has been widely studied in many countries worldwide since it is known to be one of the most common oral diseases of childhood .
however , figures to quantify the prevalence of such disease in palestine are almost inexistent .
it is extremely important to study the prevalence of dental car... |
aim . to determine the prevalence of dental caries among a representative sample of preschool children ( 4 - 5 years old ) who were accompanied by their parents to the dental centre of the arab american university in jenin whether they come seeking dental treatment or as visitors with adult patients .
materials an... | [
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... |
drywood termites cause significant damage to wood in structures in the united states , with two species , incisitermes minor ( hagen ) and cryptotermes brevis ( walker ) , being responsible for the majority of damage ( su and scheffrahn , 1990 ; grace , 2009 ) .
the economic cost of control and repair of damage is seco... | hydrocarbon mixtures extracted from fecal pellets of drywood termites are species - specific and can be characterized to identify the termites responsible for damage , even when termites are no longer present or are unable to be recovered easily . in structures infested by drywood termites , it is common to find fecal... | [
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1514,
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108,
49918,
224,
1... |
drug induced safety issues , to include renal impairment , continue to be a significant reason that drugs fail the development process 1 .
however , the ability to identify drug induced renal function changes during the development process continues to be a challenge .
the traditional renal biomarkers of urea and creat... | a major concern with the identification of renal toxicity using the traditional biomarkers , urea and creatinine , is that toxicity signal definitions are not sensitive to medically important changes in these biomarkers .
traditional renal signal definitions for urea and creatinine have not adequately identified dru... | [
2,
109,
1113,
20768,
41382,
113,
60833,
111,
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127,
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111,
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609,
233,
739,
... |
the apoptotic cell death pathway , in its basic tenents , is conserved among metazoans . during development ,
resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer , whereas excessive programmed cell death is associated with degenerative diseases .
apoptosis is controlled and amplified through a variety of mechanisms , many ... | antiapoptotic bcl-2 proteins on mitochondria inhibit prodeath proteins , such as bax , which are found primarily in the cytosol . in this issue , edlich et al . , ( 2011 )
show that bax and bcl - xl interact on the mitochondrial surface and then retrotranslocate to the cytosol , effectively preventing bax - induced... | [
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3085,
13160,
757,
110,... |
in a recent article in genome research , thompson and colleagues present a development of a next - generation sequencing technology - the heliscope sequencer - that enabled them to detect mutations in the human breast cancer 1 ( brca1 ) gene , as a model of a clinical diagnostic protocol .
it therefore holds great prom... | in many fields it is now desirable to sequence large panels of genes for mutation , to aid management of patients .
the need for extensive sample preparation means that current approaches for assessing mutation status in the clinical setting are limited .
a recent publication demonstrates a single - step , targete... | [
2,
145,
799,
142,
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110,
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116,
20... |
retinitis pigmentosa ( rp ) is a hereditary disorder , in which the progressive loss of rod and cone photoreceptor cells occurs .
patients with rp generally experience loss of night vision ( nyctalopia ) in adolescence , side vision in young adulthood , and central vision ( tunnel vision ) in later life ( 14 ) .
about ... | abstractbackgroundto identify mental disorders and their prevalence in patients with retinitis pigmentosa ( rp).methodsthis descriptive study was carried out between january 2009 and january 2010 on 417 patients with rp , who were members of iran rp center .
the necessary data were collected using questionnaires con... | [
2,
47905,
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112,
109,
229,
113,
... |
in this issue of the jem , two articles describe a potential role for two bacterial toxins in the modulation of the immune system by interfering with t cell signaling . using an in vitro jurkat t cell system , gerke et al .
( 8) report that yersinia pseudotuberculosis inhibits t cell activation and that the inhibitory ... | microorganisms that cause persistent infection often exhibit specific adaptations that allow them to avoid the adaptive immune response . recently
, several bacterial toxins have been shown in vitro to disrupt immune cell functions .
however , it remains to be established whether these activities are relevant duri... | [
2,
115,
228,
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44873,
21246,
110,
144,
23... |
polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) , also known as stein - leventhal syndrome , is a common endocrine disorder that occurs in 510% of women of reproductive age .
according to the 2003 rotterdam criteria , it is usually defined by presence of at least 2 out of the following 3 features : i ) oligoovulation or anovulation... | backgroundwe aimed to measure the levels of inflammatory markers and neopterin in obese and non - obese patients with pcos by using 2 separate control groups with matching body mass index ( bmi).material / methodsa total of 60 women of reproductive age with ( n=30 ) and without ( n=30 ) pcos were included in this stud... | [
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109,
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113,
136,
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140,
112,
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113,
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110,
107,
106,
13931,
57186,
386,
1099,... |
based on the recent definitions having more than three of the following symptoms confirm the existence of metabolic syndrome in a patient .
these symptoms include hypertension , triglyceridemia , dyslipidemia , abdomen obesity , and resistance to insulin , increase of c protein and fibrinogen .
moreover , both metaboli... | background : the metabolic syndrome and periodontitis coincide with systemic inflammation and glucose tolerance disorder , which indicate the common pathophysiologic pathway of these diseases .
the main goal of this study was to determine the effects of the metabolic syndrome on the periodontal indices of hemodialys... | [
2,
109,
1396,
113,
136,
692,
140,
112,
1735,
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1521,
113,
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35057,
110,
107,
134,
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134,
211,
110,
108,
109,
1044,
3716,
... |
mucormycosis is a rare but aggressive opportunistic fungal infection that is commonly caused by members of the family mucoraceae that include rhizopus , rhizomucor , mucor and absidia .
mucormycosis can cause severe , sometimes fatal disease in susceptible individuals with uncontrolled diabetic ketoacidosis , neutropen... | rhino - orbito - cerebral mucormycosis is a fungal infection that can be fatal especially in immunocompromised patients .
it is extremely rare in immunocompetent individuals . we describe here an immunocompetent patient who survived rhino - orbito - cerebral mucormycosis due to saksenaea vasiformis , and provide a l... | [
2,
20911,
3894,
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142,
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363,
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114,
437,
113,
142,
... |
crohn s disease ( cd ) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by focal , asymmetric , transmural inflammation of uncertain etiology and of an unpredictable course .
the clinical presentation of cd is characteristically manifested by repeated cycles of active and quiescent disease... | treatment with anti - tumor necrosis factor ( anti - tnf ) therapy has become a mainstay of therapy for patients with cd who are unresponsive to conventional medical management .
currently there are three anti - tnf antibodies that have been approved by the us food and drug administration for the treatment of cd , n... | [
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1568,
148,
174,
61... |
organizing pneumonia ( op ) is characterized by an indolent clinical course and a favorable prognosis although a fulminant variant has been documented .
pulmonary air leak comprising pneumothorax , pneumomediastinum , and subcutaneous emphysema is rarely a presenting feature of an op .
the exact pathogenesis and an app... | organizing pneumonia ( op ) is a less common interstitial lung disease with varying clinical picture .
the development of pulmonary air leak in a case of op is an extremely rare complication . here
, we report the case of a 46-year - old female with carcinoma ovary , postchemotherapy who developed respiratory dist... | [
2,
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14... |
nearly , 90% of metastatic tumors occur in jaw bones , especially premolar - molar region of the mandible , whereas metastases to soft tissues are extraordinarily rare and account for 0.1% of all oral malignancies .
most metastatic tumors to the orofacial region are seen in patients aged between 40 and 70 years .
metas... | oral cavity is an uncommon site for metastasis and is usually an evidence of widespread disease .
the clinical presentation of the metastatic lesions differs between the various sites in the oral region .
metastatic tumors account for 13% of all oral malignancies .
the jawbones , particularly the mandibular mola... | [
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118,
37699,
10497,
110,
107,
110,
106,
2834,
1625,
110,
151,
2834,
114,
20057,
1019,
233,
459,
3719,
1532,
1848,
122,
11... |
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