Datasets:

alirezaaminzadeh
/

cybersec-retrieval-benchmark

task stringclasses 6 values	doc_id stringlengths 5 16	text stringlengths 60 2.69k	meta stringlengths 17 303
attack_retrieval	T1055.011	T1055.011 Extra Window Memory Injection. Tactics: stealth, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via Extra Window Memory (EWM) in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. EWM injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the add...	{"name": "Extra Window Memory Injection", "tactics": ["stealth", "privilege escalation"]}
attack_retrieval	T1053.005	T1053.005 Scheduled Task. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse the Windows Task Scheduler to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. There are multiple ways to access the Task Scheduler in Windows. The [schtasks](https://attack.m...	{"name": "Scheduled Task", "tactics": ["execution", "persistence", "privilege escalation"]}
attack_retrieval	T1205.002	T1205.002 Socket Filters. Tactics: stealth, persistence, command and control. Description: Adversaries may attach filters to a network socket to monitor then activate backdoors used for persistence or command and control. With elevated permissions, adversaries can use features such as the `libpcap` library to open sock...	{"name": "Socket Filters", "tactics": ["stealth", "persistence", "command and control"]}
attack_retrieval	T1560.001	T1560.001 Archive via Utility. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may use utilities to compress and/or encrypt collected data prior to exfiltration. Many utilities include functionalities to compress, encrypt, or otherwise package data into a format that is easier/more secure to transport. Adversaries may ab...	{"name": "Archive via Utility", "tactics": ["collection"]}
attack_retrieval	T1021.005	T1021.005 VNC. Tactics: lateral movement. Description: Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC). VNC is a platform-independent desktop sharing system that uses the RFB (“remote framebuffer”) protocol to enable user...	{"name": "VNC", "tactics": ["lateral movement"]}
attack_retrieval	T1047	T1047 Windows Management Instrumentation. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to execute malicious commands and payloads. WMI is designed for programmers and is the infrastructure for management data and operations on Windows systems.(Citation: WMI 1-3) WMI is...	{"name": "Windows Management Instrumentation", "tactics": ["execution"]}
attack_retrieval	T1687	T1687 Exploitation for Defense Impairment. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities in security software, infrastructure, or defensive components to degrade, disable, or otherwise continue to impair their ability to prevent, detect, or respond to malicious activity. Adversaries ...	{"name": "Exploitation for Defense Impairment", "tactics": ["defense impairment"]}
attack_retrieval	T1113	T1113 Screen Capture. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may attempt to take screen captures of the desktop to gather information over the course of an operation. Screen capturing functionality may be included as a feature of a remote access tool used in post-compromise operations. Taking a screenshot is als...	{"name": "Screen Capture", "tactics": ["collection"]}
attack_retrieval	T1027.011	T1027.011 Fileless Storage. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may store data in "fileless" formats to conceal malicious activity from defenses. Fileless storage can be broadly defined as any format other than a file. Common examples of non-volatile fileless storage in Windows systems include the Windows Regist...	{"name": "Fileless Storage", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1037	T1037 Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may use scripts automatically executed at boot or logon initialization to establish persistence.(Citation: Mandiant APT29 Eye Spy Email Nov 22)(Citation: Anomali Rocke March 2019) Initialization scripts can ...	{"name": "Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts", "tactics": ["persistence", "privilege escalation"]}
attack_retrieval	T1557	T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle. Tactics: credential access, collection. Description: Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040),...	{"name": "Adversary-in-the-Middle", "tactics": ["credential access", "collection"]}
attack_retrieval	T1033	T1033 System Owner/User Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to identify the primary user, currently logged in user, set of users that commonly uses a system, or whether a user is actively using the system. They may do this, for example, by retrieving account usernames or by using [OS Cre...	{"name": "System Owner/User Discovery", "tactics": ["discovery"]}
attack_retrieval	T1583	T1583 Acquire Infrastructure. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy, lease, rent, or obtain infrastructure that can be used during targeting. A wide variety of infrastructure exists for hosting and orchestrating adversary operations. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, ...	{"name": "Acquire Infrastructure", "tactics": ["resource development"]}
attack_retrieval	T1218.011	T1218.011 Rundll32. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse rundll32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Using rundll32.exe, vice executing directly (i.e. [Shared Modules](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129)), may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of the rundll32.e...	{"name": "Rundll32", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1613	T1613 Container and Resource Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to discover containers and other resources that are available within a containers environment. Other resources may include images, deployments, pods, nodes, and other information such as the status of a cluster. These resou...	{"name": "Container and Resource Discovery", "tactics": ["discovery"]}
attack_retrieval	T1583.007	T1583.007 Serverless. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may purchase and configure serverless cloud infrastructure, such as Cloudflare Workers, AWS Lambda functions, or Google Apps Scripts, that can be used during targeting. By utilizing serverless infrastructure, adversaries can make it more diff...	{"name": "Serverless", "tactics": ["resource development"]}
attack_retrieval	T1132.001	T1132.001 Standard Encoding. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to ...	{"name": "Standard Encoding", "tactics": ["command and control"]}
attack_retrieval	T1027.009	T1027.009 Embedded Payloads. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may embed payloads within other files to conceal malicious content from defenses. Otherwise seemingly benign files (such as scripts and executables) may be abused to carry and obfuscate malicious payloads and content. In some cases, embedded payloa...	{"name": "Embedded Payloads", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1556.003	T1556.003 Pluggable Authentication Modules. Tactics: defense impairment, persistence, credential access. Description: Adversaries may modify pluggable authentication modules (PAM) to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. PAM is a modular system of configuration files, libraries, an...	{"name": "Pluggable Authentication Modules", "tactics": ["defense impairment", "persistence", "credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1578.004	T1578.004 Revert Cloud Instance. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, ...	{"name": "Revert Cloud Instance", "tactics": ["defense impairment"]}
attack_retrieval	T1592	T1592 Gather Victim Host Information. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's hosts that can be used during targeting. Information about hosts may include a variety of details, including administrative data (ex: name, assigned IP, functionality, etc.) as well as speci...	{"name": "Gather Victim Host Information", "tactics": ["reconnaissance"]}
attack_retrieval	T1596.003	T1596.003 Digital Certificates. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search public digital certificate data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Digital certificates are issued by a certificate authority (CA) in order to cryptographically verify the origin of signed content....	{"name": "Digital Certificates", "tactics": ["reconnaissance"]}
attack_retrieval	T1056.001	T1056.001 Keylogging. Tactics: collection, credential access. Description: Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them. Keylogging is likely to be used to acquire credentials for new access opportunities when [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) effo...	{"name": "Keylogging", "tactics": ["collection", "credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1564.012	T1564.012 File/Path Exclusions. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may attempt to hide their file-based artifacts by writing them to specific folders or file names excluded from antivirus (AV) scanning and other defensive capabilities. AV and other file-based scanners often include exclusions to optimize perfor...	{"name": "File/Path Exclusions", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1222.002	T1222.002 Linux and Mac Permissions. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory perm...	{"name": "Linux and Mac Permissions", "tactics": ["defense impairment"]}
attack_retrieval	T1110.001	T1110.001 Password Guessing. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts. Without knowledge of the password for an account, an adversary may opt to systematically guess the passw...	{"name": "Password Guessing", "tactics": ["credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1216.001	T1216.001 PubPrn. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use PubPrn to proxy execution of malicious remote files. PubPrn.vbs is a [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) script that publishes a printer to Active Directory Domain Services. The script may be signed by Microsoft and is common...	{"name": "PubPrn", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1597.002	T1597.002 Purchase Technical Data. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan dat...	{"name": "Purchase Technical Data", "tactics": ["reconnaissance"]}
attack_retrieval	T1003	T1003 OS Credential Dumping. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Uni...	{"name": "OS Credential Dumping", "tactics": ["credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1129	T1129 Shared Modules. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may execute malicious payloads via loading shared modules. Shared modules are executable files that are loaded into processes to provide access to reusable code, such as specific custom functions or invoking OS API functions (i.e., [Native API](https://...	{"name": "Shared Modules", "tactics": ["execution"]}
attack_retrieval	T1602	T1602 Data from Configuration Repository. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may collect data related to managed devices from configuration repositories. Configuration repositories are used by management systems in order to configure, manage, and control data on remote systems. Configuration repositories may...	{"name": "Data from Configuration Repository", "tactics": ["collection"]}
attack_retrieval	T1561.002	T1561.002 Disk Structure Wipe. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may corrupt or wipe the disk data structures on a hard drive necessary to boot a system; targeting specific critical systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. Adversaries may attempt to ren...	{"name": "Disk Structure Wipe", "tactics": ["impact"]}
attack_retrieval	T1498.001	T1498.001 Direct Network Flood. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service (DoS) by directly sending a high-volume of network traffic to a target. This DoS attack may also reduce the availability and functionality of the targeted system(s) and network. [Direct Network Flood](http...	{"name": "Direct Network Flood", "tactics": ["impact"]}
attack_retrieval	T1574.007	T1574.007 Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables used to load libraries. The PATH environment variable contains a list of directories (User and System) that the OS searches sequenti...	{"name": "Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable", "tactics": ["stealth", "execution"]}
attack_retrieval	T1213.002	T1213.002 Sharepoint. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may leverage the SharePoint repository as a source to mine valuable information. SharePoint will often contain useful information for an adversary to learn about the structure and functionality of the internal network and systems. For example, the foll...	{"name": "Sharepoint", "tactics": ["collection"]}
attack_retrieval	T1006	T1006 Direct Volume Access. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may directly access a volume to bypass file access controls and file system monitoring. Windows allows programs to have direct access to logical volumes. Programs with direct access may read and write files directly from the drive by analyzing file ...	{"name": "Direct Volume Access", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1588.007	T1588.007 Artificial Intelligence. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may obtain access to generative artificial intelligence tools, such as large language models (LLMs), to aid various techniques during targeting. These tools may be used to inform, bolster, and enable a variety of malicious tasks,...	{"name": "Artificial Intelligence", "tactics": ["resource development"]}
attack_retrieval	T1666	T1666 Modify Cloud Resource Hierarchy. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may attempt to modify hierarchical structures in infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environments in order to evade defenses. IaaS environments often group resources into a hierarchy, enabling improved resource management and ap...	{"name": "Modify Cloud Resource Hierarchy", "tactics": ["defense impairment"]}
attack_retrieval	T1564.008	T1564.008 Email Hiding Rules. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use email rules to hide inbound emails in a compromised user's mailbox. Many email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including moving emails to other folders, marking emails as read, or deleting emails. Rul...	{"name": "Email Hiding Rules", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1491.002	T1491.002 External Defacement. Tactics: impact. Description: An adversary may deface systems external to an organization in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise mislead an organization or users. [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may ultimately cause users to distr...	{"name": "External Defacement", "tactics": ["impact"]}
attack_retrieval	T1027.013	T1027.013 Encrypted/Encoded File. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may encrypt or encode files to obfuscate strings, bytes, and other specific patterns to impede detection. Encrypting and/or encoding file content aims to conceal malicious artifacts within a file used in an intrusion. Many other techniques, su...	{"name": "Encrypted/Encoded File", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1590.005	T1590.005 IP Addresses. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather the victim's IP addresses that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses. Information about assigned IP addresses may include a variety of details, ...	{"name": "IP Addresses", "tactics": ["reconnaissance"]}
attack_retrieval	T1499.001	T1499.001 OS Exhaustion Flood. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may launch a denial of service (DoS) attack targeting an endpoint's operating system (OS). A system's OS is responsible for managing the finite resources as well as preventing the entire system from being overwhelmed by excessive demands on its ca...	{"name": "OS Exhaustion Flood", "tactics": ["impact"]}
attack_retrieval	T1014	T1014 Rootkit. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may use rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting/hooking and modifying operating system API calls that supply s...	{"name": "Rootkit", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1546.013	T1546.013 PowerShell Profile. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by PowerShell profiles. A PowerShell profile (<code>profile.ps1</code>) is a script that runs when [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org...	{"name": "PowerShell Profile", "tactics": ["privilege escalation", "persistence"]}
attack_retrieval	T1059.007	T1059.007 JavaScript. Tactics: execution. Description: Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution. JavaScript (JS) is a platform-independent scripting language (compiled just-in-time at runtime) commonly associated with scripts in webpages, though JS can be executed in runtime environment...	{"name": "JavaScript", "tactics": ["execution"]}
attack_retrieval	T1685.003	T1685.003 Modify or Spoof Tool UI. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may spoof or manipulate security tool user interfaces (UIs) to falsely indicate tools are functioning normally and delay detection and response. Adversaries may present misleading or falsified security tool interfaces (UIs) that di...	{"name": "Modify or Spoof Tool UI", "tactics": ["defense impairment"]}
attack_retrieval	T1590.002	T1590.002 DNS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may gather information about the victim's DNS that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target’s subdomains, mail servers, and ot...	{"name": "DNS", "tactics": ["reconnaissance"]}
attack_retrieval	T1485.001	T1485.001 Lifecycle-Triggered Deletion. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may modify the lifecycle policies of a cloud storage bucket to destroy all objects stored within. Cloud storage buckets often allow users to set lifecycle policies to automate the migration, archival, or deletion of objects after a set pe...	{"name": "Lifecycle-Triggered Deletion", "tactics": ["impact"]}
attack_retrieval	T1123	T1123 Audio Capture. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., microphones and webcams) or applications (e.g., voice and video call services) to capture audio recordings for the purpose of listening into sensitive conversations to gather information.(Citation: ES...	{"name": "Audio Capture", "tactics": ["collection"]}
attack_retrieval	T1543	T1543 Create or Modify System Process. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may create or modify system-level processes to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When operating systems boot up, they can start processes that perform background system functions. On W...	{"name": "Create or Modify System Process", "tactics": ["persistence", "privilege escalation"]}
attack_retrieval	T1133	T1133 External Remote Services. Tactics: persistence, initial access. Description: Adversaries may leverage external-facing remote services to initially access and/or persist within a network. Remote services such as VPNs, Citrix, and other access mechanisms allow users to connect to internal enterprise network resourc...	{"name": "External Remote Services", "tactics": ["persistence", "initial access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1546.006	T1546.006 LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition. Tactics: privilege escalation, persistence. Description: Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by the execution of tainted binaries. Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. Th...	{"name": "LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition", "tactics": ["privilege escalation", "persistence"]}
attack_retrieval	T1539	T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie. Tactics: credential access. Description: An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials. Web applications and services often use session cookies as...	{"name": "Steal Web Session Cookie", "tactics": ["credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1053.007	T1053.007 Container Orchestration Job. Tactics: execution, persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality provided by container orchestration tools such as Kubernetes to schedule deployment of containers configured to execute malicious code. Container orchestration j...	{"name": "Container Orchestration Job", "tactics": ["execution", "persistence", "privilege escalation"]}
attack_retrieval	T1568.002	T1568.002 Domain Generation Algorithms. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of makin...	{"name": "Domain Generation Algorithms", "tactics": ["command and control"]}
attack_retrieval	T1036.007	T1036.007 Double File Extension. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse a double extension in the filename as a means of masquerading the true file type. A file name may include a secondary file type extension that may cause only the first extension to be displayed (ex: <code>File.txt.exe</code> may rende...	{"name": "Double File Extension", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1548.002	T1548.002 Bypass User Account Control. Tactics: privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may bypass UAC mechanisms to elevate process privileges on system. Windows User Account Control (UAC) allows a program to elevate its privileges (tracked as integrity levels ranging from low to high) to perform a task under a...	{"name": "Bypass User Account Control", "tactics": ["privilege escalation"]}
attack_retrieval	T1496.003	T1496.003 SMS Pumping. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may leverage messaging services for SMS pumping, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping) SMS pumping is a type of telecommunications fraud whereby a threat actor first obtains a set of phone numbers from a...	{"name": "SMS Pumping", "tactics": ["impact"]}
attack_retrieval	T1016.001	T1016.001 Internet Connection Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may check for Internet connectivity on compromised systems. This may be performed during automated discovery and can be accomplished in numerous ways such as using [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), <code>tracert</code>,...	{"name": "Internet Connection Discovery", "tactics": ["discovery"]}
attack_retrieval	T1548.003	T1548.003 Sudo and Sudo Caching. Tactics: privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may perform sudo caching and/or use the sudoers file to elevate privileges. Adversaries may do this to execute commands as other users or spawn processes with higher privileges. Within Linux and MacOS systems, sudo (sometimes refer...	{"name": "Sudo and Sudo Caching", "tactics": ["privilege escalation"]}
attack_retrieval	T1685.001	T1685.001 Disable or Modify Windows Event Log. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may disable or modify the Windows Event Log to limit data that can be leveraged for detections and audits. Windows Event Log records user and system activity such as login attempts and process creation.(Citation: EventL...	{"name": "Disable or Modify Windows Event Log", "tactics": ["defense impairment"]}
attack_retrieval	T1682	T1682 Query Public AI Services. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may query publicly accessible artificial intelligence (AI) services, such as large language models (LLMs), to support targeting and operations. In addition to searching websites or databases directly (i.e., [Search Open Websites/Domains](...	{"name": "Query Public AI Services", "tactics": ["reconnaissance"]}
attack_retrieval	T1560.003	T1560.003 Archive via Custom Method. Tactics: collection. Description: An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using a custom method. Adversaries may choose to use custom archival methods, such as encryption with XOR or stream ciphers implemented with no external library or uti...	{"name": "Archive via Custom Method", "tactics": ["collection"]}
attack_retrieval	T1578	T1578 Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: An adversary may attempt to modify a cloud account's compute service infrastructure to evade defenses. A modification to the compute service infrastructure can include the creation, deletion, or modification of one or more components s...	{"name": "Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure", "tactics": ["defense impairment"]}
attack_retrieval	T1584.008	T1584.008 Network Devices. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may compromise third-party network devices that can be used during targeting. Network devices, such as small office/home office (SOHO) routers, may be compromised where the adversary's ultimate goal is not [Initial Access](https://attack...	{"name": "Network Devices", "tactics": ["resource development"]}
attack_retrieval	T1583.008	T1583.008 Malvertising. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may purchase online advertisements that can be abused to distribute malware to victims. Ads can be purchased to plant as well as favorably position artifacts in specific locations online, such as prominently placed within search engine resu...	{"name": "Malvertising", "tactics": ["resource development"]}
attack_retrieval	T1069	T1069 Permission Groups Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to discover group and permission settings. This information can help adversaries determine which user accounts and groups are available, the membership of users in particular groups, and which users and groups have elevated perm...	{"name": "Permission Groups Discovery", "tactics": ["discovery"]}
attack_retrieval	T1114	T1114 Email Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target user email to collect sensitive information. Emails may contain sensitive data, including trade secrets or personal information, that can prove valuable to adversaries. Emails may also contain details of ongoing incident response operation...	{"name": "Email Collection", "tactics": ["collection"]}
attack_retrieval	T1003.002	T1003.002 Security Account Manager. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored. The SAM is a database file that conta...	{"name": "Security Account Manager", "tactics": ["credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1596.002	T1596.002 WHOIS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search public WHOIS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. WHOIS data is stored by regional Internet registries (RIR) responsible for allocating and assigning Internet resources such as domain names. Anyone can query W...	{"name": "WHOIS", "tactics": ["reconnaissance"]}
attack_retrieval	T1542.001	T1542.001 System Firmware. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may modify system firmware to persist on systems.The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are examples of system firmware that operate as the softwar...	{"name": "System Firmware", "tactics": ["stealth", "persistence"]}
attack_retrieval	T1594	T1594 Search Victim-Owned Websites. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search websites owned by the victim for information that can be used during targeting. Victim-owned websites may contain a variety of details, including names of departments/divisions, physical locations, and data about key employ...	{"name": "Search Victim-Owned Websites", "tactics": ["reconnaissance"]}
attack_retrieval	T1069.003	T1069.003 Cloud Groups. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may attempt to find cloud groups and permission settings. The knowledge of cloud permission groups can help adversaries determine the particular roles of users and groups within an environment, as well as which users are associated with a particular g...	{"name": "Cloud Groups", "tactics": ["discovery"]}
attack_retrieval	T1574.011	T1574.011 Services Registry Permissions Weakness. Tactics: stealth, execution. Description: Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the Registry entries used by services. Flaws in the permissions for Registry keys related to services can allow adversaries to redirect the originally specified e...	{"name": "Services Registry Permissions Weakness", "tactics": ["stealth", "execution"]}
attack_retrieval	T1596.001	T1596.001 DNS/Passive DNS. Tactics: reconnaissance. Description: Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target’s subdomains, mail...	{"name": "DNS/Passive DNS", "tactics": ["reconnaissance"]}
attack_retrieval	T1499.003	T1499.003 Application Exhaustion Flood. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may target resource intensive features of applications to cause a denial of service (DoS), denying availability to those applications. For example, specific features in web applications may be highly resource intensive. Repeated requests ...	{"name": "Application Exhaustion Flood", "tactics": ["impact"]}
attack_retrieval	T1195.001	T1195.001 Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools. Tactics: initial access. Description: Adversaries may manipulate software dependencies and development tools prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Applications often depend on external software to function pro...	{"name": "Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools", "tactics": ["initial access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1588.004	T1588.004 Digital Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may buy and/or steal SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signatu...	{"name": "Digital Certificates", "tactics": ["resource development"]}
attack_retrieval	T1583.002	T1583.002 DNS Server. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may set up their own Domain Name System (DNS) servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protoco...	{"name": "DNS Server", "tactics": ["resource development"]}
attack_retrieval	T1561	T1561 Disk Wipe. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may wipe or corrupt raw disk data on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. With direct write access to a disk, adversaries may attempt to overwrite portions of disk data. Adversaries may opt...	{"name": "Disk Wipe", "tactics": ["impact"]}
attack_retrieval	T1071.004	T1071.004 DNS. Tactics: command and control. Description: Adversaries may communicate using the Domain Name System (DNS) application layer protocol to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within t...	{"name": "DNS", "tactics": ["command and control"]}
attack_retrieval	T1552.005	T1552.005 Cloud Instance Metadata API. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may attempt to access the Cloud Instance Metadata API to collect credentials and other sensitive data. Most cloud service providers support a Cloud Instance Metadata API which is a service provided to running virtual instances t...	{"name": "Cloud Instance Metadata API", "tactics": ["credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1555.002	T1555.002 Securityd Memory. Tactics: credential access. Description: An adversary with root access may gather credentials by reading `securityd`’s memory. `securityd` is a service/daemon responsible for implementing security protocols such as encryption and authorization.(Citation: Apple Dev SecurityD) A privileged adv...	{"name": "Securityd Memory", "tactics": ["credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1615	T1615 Group Policy Discovery. Tactics: discovery. Description: Adversaries may gather information on Group Policy settings to identify paths for privilege escalation, security measures applied within a domain, and to discover patterns in domain objects that can be manipulated or used to blend in the environment. Group ...	{"name": "Group Policy Discovery", "tactics": ["discovery"]}
attack_retrieval	T1542.003	T1542.003 Bootkit. Tactics: stealth, persistence. Description: Adversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems. A bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, allowing malicious code to execute before a computer's operating system has loaded. Bootkits reside at a layer below the opera...	{"name": "Bootkit", "tactics": ["stealth", "persistence"]}
attack_retrieval	T1025	T1025 Data from Removable Media. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may search connected removable media on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from any removable media (optical disk drive, USB memory, etc.) connected to the compromised system prior to E...	{"name": "Data from Removable Media", "tactics": ["collection"]}
attack_retrieval	T1218.013	T1218.013 Mavinject. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Mavinject.exe is the Microsoft Application Virtualization Injector, a Windows utility that can inject code into external processes as part of Microsoft Application Virtualization (App-V).(Citati...	{"name": "Mavinject", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1074.001	T1074.001 Local Data Staging. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/tec...	{"name": "Local Data Staging", "tactics": ["collection"]}
attack_retrieval	T1036.005	T1036.005 Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may match or approximate the name or location of legitimate files, Registry keys, or other resources when naming/placing them. This is done for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may be done by placing an ex...	{"name": "Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location", "tactics": ["stealth"]}
attack_retrieval	T1587.003	T1587.003 Digital Certificates. Tactics: resource development. Description: Adversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signa...	{"name": "Digital Certificates", "tactics": ["resource development"]}
attack_retrieval	T1565.001	T1565.001 Stored Data Manipulation. Tactics: impact. Description: Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data at rest in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating stored dat...	{"name": "Stored Data Manipulation", "tactics": ["impact"]}
attack_retrieval	T1110.002	T1110.002 Password Cracking. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may use password cracking to attempt to recover usable credentials, such as plaintext passwords, when credential material such as password hashes are obtained. [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) can be used...	{"name": "Password Cracking", "tactics": ["credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1114.001	T1114.001 Local Email Collection. Tactics: collection. Description: Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be acquired from a user’s local system, such as Outlook storage or cache files. Outlook stores data locally in offline data files with ...	{"name": "Local Email Collection", "tactics": ["collection"]}
attack_retrieval	T1555.001	T1555.001 Keychain. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries may acquire credentials from Keychain. Keychain (or Keychain Services) is the macOS credential management system that stores account names, passwords, private keys, certificates, sensitive application data, payment data, and secure notes. There ar...	{"name": "Keychain", "tactics": ["credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1547	T1547 Boot or Logon Autostart Execution. Tactics: persistence, privilege escalation. Description: Adversaries may configure system settings to automatically execute a program during system boot or logon to maintain persistence or gain higher-level privileges on compromised systems. Operating systems may have mechanisms...	{"name": "Boot or Logon Autostart Execution", "tactics": ["persistence", "privilege escalation"]}
attack_retrieval	T1003.004	T1003.004 LSA Secrets. Tactics: credential access. Description: Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.(Citation: Passcape LSA Secrets)(Citation: Micros...	{"name": "LSA Secrets", "tactics": ["credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1600	T1600 Weaken Encryption. Tactics: defense impairment. Description: Adversaries may compromise a network device’s encryption capability in order to bypass encryption that would otherwise protect data communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) Encryption can be used to protect transmitted network traffic to ...	{"name": "Weaken Encryption", "tactics": ["defense impairment"]}
attack_retrieval	T1606.002	T1606.002 SAML Tokens. Tactics: credential access. Description: An adversary may forge SAML tokens with any permissions claims and lifetimes if they possess a valid SAML token-signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Steps) The default lifetime of a SAML token is one hour, but the validity period can be spec...	{"name": "SAML Tokens", "tactics": ["credential access"]}
attack_retrieval	T1036.008	T1036.008 Masquerade File Type. Tactics: stealth. Description: Adversaries may masquerade malicious payloads as legitimate files through changes to the payload's formatting, including the file’s signature, extension, icon, and contents. Various file types have a typical standard format, including how they are encoded a...	{"name": "Masquerade File Type", "tactics": ["stealth"]}

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CyberSec Retrieval Benchmark

Multi-task retrieval benchmark for cybersecurity embedding and reranking models.

Configs

Config	Contents
queries	Evaluation queries with ask labels
corpus	Document passages per task
qrels	Relevance judgments (
elevance=1 for gold docs)

python from datasets import load_dataset queries = load_dataset("alirezaaminzadeh/cybersec-retrieval-benchmark", "queries", split="train") corpus = load_dataset("alirezaaminzadeh/cybersec-retrieval-benchmark", "corpus", split="train") qrels = load_dataset("alirezaaminzadeh/cybersec-retrieval-benchmark", "qrels", split="train")

Tasks

attack_retrieval
sigma_retrieval
cve_similarity
cwe_retrieval
threat_report_retrieval
soc_playbook

Metrics

Recall@5, Recall@10, nDCG@10 per task and macro-average.

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SecEmbed

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Cybersecurity embeddings: SecEmbed bi-encoders, SecReranker, training pairs, and retrieval benchmark. • 9 items • Updated about 10 hours ago