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The Program Staff and Supervisor Level certifications require educators to have a two-year diploma in ECEC. A Common Skills Working group has been established to identify what should be included in initial ECEC staff education programmes. Stakeholders are invited to comment on the identified skills and knowledge areas ... | sdg4 |
Up to several hours are achievable. However, electrical energy is notoriously difficult to store and currently still suffers from very high costs. Nevertheless, a number of different technologies are available to provide storage in the grid. Electrical energy can be directly stored without conversion to another carrier... | sdg7 |
One critical issue is whether certain land-use (e.g. infrastructure) projects require provincial approval (in addition to, or instead of, municipal approval), and if so, which procedure should be followed. Traditional authorities actively oppose the bill because provincial and local development plans often pay no atten... | sdg6 |
Food security is mentioned only once, although protecting people in the rural sector is acknowledged (for example the need to protect households against crop failure) but these connections (in formal documentation at least) are implicit rather than explicit. The focus is on social transfers, community-based insurance a... | sdg2 |
This is, however, only an expert estimate based on the number of vehicles delivering waste to disposal sites, so the reliability of these data is low. Estimates for MSW generation for the country as a whole are shown in table 8.1. The strong increase in MSW generation in recent years is most likely due to improved moni... | sdg12 |
In the paper industry, the global economic crisis has hit hard, production in Europe and North America has decreased 17% in 2008, with prices continuing to fall. According to the World Bank, projections reflect the rapid deterioration in financial and economic condition and the increasingly negative interaction between... | sdg15 |
This approach is recommended when a sufficiently wide and well organised rental market exists. The application of the rental equivalence approach would have implied a smoother evolution of housing income given the stability of rental prices. Applying the same rate of return over a prolonged period of time is problemati... | sdg10 |
The total area (mainland and sea) under permanent protection in Croatia steadily increased over the period 2009-2012 (table 8.4 and map 8.1). By the end of 2012, there were 431 nature sites protected in nine categories (table 8.5). The national protected areas feature internationally recognized protected areas includin... | sdg15 |
The aim of this study is to share interdisciplinary reflections on collective health conducted in the Collective Health discipline at the undergraduate level of a higher education institution in Rio Grande do Sul. This is a descriptive, exploratory and qualitative research, with forty and five students from the Collect... | sdg16 |
Closing the Coverage Gap: The Role of Social Pensions and Other Retirement Income Transfers, World Bank, Washington DC., Paper to be presented at the 6th IZA/World Bank Conference on Employment and Development, June 2011, Mexico City, www.iza.org/conference_files/worldb2011/ribas_r6802.pdf. Journal of Public Economics,... | sdg10 |
This is evidenced in the ‘Women, Business and the Law 2016’ report (World Bank, 2015), which finds that 90% of the 173 economies surveyed had at least one law impeding women's economic opportunities. In economies with legal differentiations, survey respondents at fi rms owned or managed by women report paying more brib... | sdg5 |
However, the state of local infrastructure is often quite bad in the State of Kebbi. The road that links Kamba to Gaya shows the low level of interest accorded to certain strategic road sections from a perspective of external exchange. Although plans to completely reconstruct the road were announced since the 2000s, th... | sdg5 |
Finally, given the problems people with criminal records face in finding employment, the authorities should consider removing barriers to expunging criminal records of those who have undergone treatment successfully. Tax Policy in the Age of Automation”, Harvard Law & Policy Review, Vol. Evidence on the Role of Urban G... | sdg8 |
The findings of this study highlight the opportunities for partnership to aid implementation success. These centres, which bring together service providers in one place, have the potential to address some of the challenges faced by the education system in terms of dealing with mental ill health. First, despite increase... | sdg3 |
They act as individuals and inject capital into companies that often represent a niche or an innovative profession. They represent an effective way of funding an enterprise and offer the benefit of the expertise of an experienced sponsor. They generally focus on innovative and creative projects with a relatively high e... | sdg5 |
Transnational regulatory power is increasingly exercised by bodies with no formal accountability to states, although such bodies affect the way individuals, organizations, and states themselves conduct their affairs. As a general rule, courts have been reluctant to engage with these transnational private regulators. Th... | sdg16 |
If tax rates are raised above a certain threshold, w hich is, however, impossible to determine precisely, the behavioural response of those w'ho have to bear the greatest share of the tax burden may cause the tax base to shrink along with the economic activity that determines the tax base. One recent study has found th... | sdg10 |
In the last decade efforts have focused on developing a value-added production chain by attracting investments in high technology industries, medical technology, pharmaceuticals, and tourism, an effort that is ongoing. Determined efforts are being made to move away from dependence on exports towards boosting domestic d... | sdg4 |
The extent to which either fits the available evidence has been questioned (Card and DiNardo, 2002, Goos and Manning, 2007). See Chapter 5 for more discussion on technological upgrading and skill composition. See McKinley (2009) for a recent exposition of Kuznets’s hypothesis in the context of the pro-poor growth debat... | sdg1 |
The effects of climate change are being integrated into policy development through the concept of “permanent adjustment”. This recognises that climate change is only one of a number of natural and socio-economic processes that will drive the extent and magnitude of natural hazards. The recurrence of torrents, avalanche... | sdg13 |
Funded courses will enable graduates to develop a career in engineering having achieved a first degree in a non-engineering discipline (typically, students are not eligible for additional student loans when pursuing a degree at the same level as one which they already have). About GBP 1.7 million has been allocated to ... | sdg4 |
Creating avenues for safe and successful migration both within a country and beyond its borders constitutes an important means of improving economic outcomes for youth facing widespread unemployment and poor job quality. Likewise, for developed economies experiencing a decline in the share of the working-age population... | sdg8 |
In Greece, science parks have taken on a facilitator role given the absence of regional technology initiatives and the academic orientation of the universities. A set of research institutes within the Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH) have promoted this model, seeking explicitly to provide the found... | sdg9 |
The holding of free, democratic elections planned for 2016, within the constitutional deadline, is the country’s main political challenge to consolidate the achievements of the democratic process that began in 2006. Urban areas dominate the national economy and offer better living conditions than rural areas. However, ... | sdg11 |
It explained that the greening of government projects essentially sought to enhance the government’s environmental stewardship, and to incorporate environmental considerations in public policy-making and strategic planning in the private sector (ENACT 2001a). One of the products of this project was the Strategic Enviro... | sdg12 |
This leads to what Christensen refers to as the innovator’s dilemma, where successful organisations put too much emphasis on current success, and thus fail to innovate in the long run. These typically include, but are not limited to, regulations related to competition and product market regulation, to employment protec... | sdg9 |
Studies have suggested that widening wage inequality has reduced the returns to marriage, as low-skilled men’s relative wages have declined so too have the benefits of marriage, and having a child within marriage, for women. At the same time, improved labour market prospects have further reduced women’s incentive to ma... | sdg1 |
Because experts make scientific value judgements in the process of risk assessment, such as the use of default assumptions or scientific choices among a number of alternatives (FAO/WHO, 1997), the question has arisen of whether such judgements should be within the realm of risk management. Particularly in cases where a... | sdg2 |
Strive to make early warning systems multihazard and people-centred, keeping in mind the response requirements at the local level (‘the last mile’). Ensure that forecasters are mindful of the specific needs of the end users of different types of warning information, and tailor products and services accordingly. Seek ef... | sdg13 |
Nuclear power is frequently considered a pure baseload technology working at the rated power level for long periods of time. This baseload working mode has two advantages: (a) technical, commercial and organisational simplicity, and (b) it is the commercially most advantageous form of operation in a context of stable p... | sdg7 |
Insufficient research attention has been paid to the way that electoral politics shape public policy on overseas development aid. Accordingly, this study makes an original contribution by examining party politicisation, issue-salience and the policy discourse of international aid in the principal parties’ manifestos in... | sdg16 |
Often, local radio stations are owned by men, the radio broadcasts are presented by men, and the topics are chosen by men. Radio programmes can also be combined with the use of mobile phones, encouraging listeners to call in to ask questions, or to intervene by sending an SMS. The Internet can make radio programmes ava... | sdg5 |
This means that during this period, agricultural production growth outstripped population growth at a faster pace than what has occurred over the previous 40 years. Growth rates are compound annual growth rates, that is, the annual rate of growth fr) in prediction (QP) required so that production increases from that ob... | sdg2 |
This effort gained new momentum and inspiration in 1994, when 179 governments gathered in Cairo for the International Conference on Population and Development and forged a plan for sustainable development grounded in individual rights and choices and the achievement of sexual and reproductive health for all. That plan,... | sdg5 |
Hare and partridge breeding programmes have been undertaken. Nearly all (98%) of the LP forests are certified under the internationally recognised Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) programme, making Poland the fifth largest FSC-certified area in the world (FSC, 2014). The world’s largest forest certification system, the... | sdg15 |
Recent reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Porter et al., This will have great consequences on the national and local economy, especially in SSA, South Asia (SA), and Southeast Asia (SEA), where agriculture constitute the backbone of the economy, thus not only affecting the livelihoods an... | sdg13 |
Flood risk from storm water is particularly high in areas where storm-water infrastructure has not been adapted to elevated runoff in creeks coming from mountains, as in Santiago (Ebert, A. and J. McPhee [2009]). Urban expansion in the eastern part of Santiago towards the Andean piedmont has also increased the amount o... | sdg11 |
Uniform categorization to capture and document gender-responsive and gender-transformative change has also been challenging. The evaluation found that, despite the introduction of multi-year funding frameworks, most gender budgets remain largely focused on short-term interventions, more in line with an approach focusin... | sdg5 |
For decades, the Supreme Court has maintained a rhetorical commitment to an ad hoc, case-by-case, totality of the circumstances approach to evaluating probable cause and reasonable suspicion. Despite the Court’s insistence that there are so many factors involved in the assessment of Fourth Amendment probabilities that ... | sdg16 |
India plans to auction acreages for shale gas exploration in 2011. Transmission pipelines exist mainly in the northeast. The first major long-distance gas transportation pipeline is the Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) line built by GAIL, which is state-owned and the largest Indian gas transmission company. | sdg7 |
Child benefits are not taken into account for assessing eligibility in the guaranteed minimum income scheme RSI. Education benefits contribute to the living expenses and tuition costs of tertiary students, and are also subject to means-testing. While tertiary education benefits support those who should expect above-ave... | sdg1 |
The inclusion of something as basic as the sex of family farmers in agricultural censuses is vital to ensure the visibility of women's contribution to this work (see Story of Change, "The simple scheme that's driving a quiet revolution for Brazil's family farmers"). There is no global database that brings together nati... | sdg5 |
As ITQs initially were introduced on the background of an ecological and economic crisis the original implementation had been matter of closing access and distributing the limited rights in a sound and accepted system. However, these initial beneficiaries have since then been able to enjoy a steady stream of wealth, to... | sdg14 |
Effluent charges for surface water generate CZK 300 million per year for the State Environmental Fund, while effluent charges for groundwater generate CZK 2 million for the municipalities. The rate of cost recovery is 100% when only operating costs are included, but drops to 10-20% when renewal and new investment costs... | sdg6 |
For example, taxes can incentivize new investments, while low-cost loans facilitate behaviour change. Given one third of China's territory is reported to be affected by acid rain, and local air pollution affects major cities across the country, reducing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions has been the key envir... | sdg7 |
Globally, inclusion of conflict prevention and conflict resolution was low at around 10% of social science textbooks over 2000-2011. High-quality, equitable education that increases respect for diversity can make a positive contribution, albeit only in the long term. An open classroom climate that accepts critical view... | sdg4 |
The 19th-century French scientist, Claude Bernard, famously wrote that science is a "superb and dazzling hall, but one which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen".2 Osborne, Simon, and Collins (2003), writing more than a century later, comment that "The essential irony of a discipline that ... | sdg4 |
In particular, FDI targeting mining, road construction and manufacturing industries are at risk. Indeed, important road and infrastructure projects are already on hold or lagging, likely because of the crisis. According to projections by the DGEP, FDI was 36.5 billion CFA francs in 2008, more than three times lower tha... | sdg1 |
It estimates the total funds required to implement activities, the funding available and the financial gaps. Bhutan has also initiated projects on integrating PES and REDD+, and eco-tourism. Although these are new biodiversity related instruments, they have been included as potential mechanisms for financing the implem... | sdg15 |
Figure 2.1 summarises the dimensions that affect a country's capacity, and that of the sector in question, to manage increasingly complex forms of PSP (as the transfer of responsibilities and risks to the private partner rises). These dimensions have to do with the sector's financial sustainability (the extent to which... | sdg6 |
Furthermore, there is a lack of streamlined regulatory and governance frameworks between tertiary education institutions (including both VET and higher education), which also creates duplication and inconsistency. Currently, 27% of upper-secondary students enrol in a vocational college, where after five years they can ... | sdg4 |
These ‘raw’ rates are averages across recipients and non-recipients, respectively, and do not take account of differences in characteristics between these groups. The magnitude of genuine state dependence in contrast is defined to be the difference between (i) the SA persistence rate were all individuals to have receiv... | sdg1 |
Using REDD+ as an example, if avoiding deforestation in two different forest areas would yield the same carbon benefits, then biodiversity co-benefits would be enhanced if the area prioritised for funding were that with higher biodiversity co-benefits. Identifying areas with both high carbon and high biodiversity benef... | sdg15 |
Following the 2014 Folkeskole reform and the introduction of a new arrangement for the utilisation of teachers’ working time, teachers are expected to teach more hours. As a result, teachers experience less time for preparation and other tasks. Resources have overall been reprioritised from preparation and other tasks ... | sdg4 |
Although 40 per cent of young men or more participate in the labour force in 11 of the 15 countries, fewer than 25 per cent of young women do in any of those 15 countries. In Mauritania, just 2 per cent of young women participate, followed by 9 per cent in Jordan and Iraq. The largest absolute difference between the la... | sdg8 |
Systems like these are in use in some form within most developed nations for daily operations and especially during crisis situations. Besides building sustainable and resilient infrastructure through better planning and design based on the understanding derived from computational and ML models, the implementation of s... | sdg9 |
Resource mobilisation will include the ability to mobilise the resources (financial, institutional, human and technical) and be well positioned to access, absorb and make use of them effectively. In particular, developing countries face significant challenges in implementing the Biodiversity-related Conventions with th... | sdg15 |
Cependant, le developpement de mecanismes de remuneration a la capitation qui permettent d’avoir moins d’incitations a multiplier les actes et d’encourager les professionnels de sante a s’occuper plus longtemps des patients, tout comme les paiements en fonction des resultats dans les soins primaires doivent etre renfor... | sdg3 |
In Bangkok, policies to restrain the use of private cars were never implemented (although they were often proposed). In contrast, Tokyo has prevented car dependency with travel demand-management strategies. One of the most stringent is requiring buyers of cars to secure a night-time parking place before they are grante... | sdg11 |
American pacifists first heard of Mohandas Gandhi and his struggles in South Africa and India after World War I. Although they admired his opposition to violence, they were ambivalent about nonviolent resistance as a method of social change. As heirs to the Social Gospel, they feared that boycotts and civil disobedienc... | sdg16 |
The signing of the NAFTA agreement in 1992, which came into force in 1994, allowed the Toronto region to integrate into a wider and cross-border regional manufacturing system, and stable fiscal and macro-economic policies have sustained its relatively low business costs. Federal immigration policies have encouraged a s... | sdg11 |
The market for paintings by well-known artists is booming despite widespread concern about art crime and difficulties in establishing provenance. Public law enforcement is imperfect, and court cases often are deemed problematic. So how is the thriving art market governed in practice? We analyze the protocols used by th... | sdg16 |
During the second half of the XVIII Century, close to the structural changes generated by the Borbons’ reforming institution, there appeared new social control mechanisms that tried to hold individuals so as to assign them a role within a circle of civil institutions with persuasive, preventive and and/or coercive char... | sdg16 |
Those with such access are 195% more likely to report good health than those with limited access. This underscores the importance of one of the key goals related to well-being and health into old age: the ability to access comprehensive health services and the adaptation of services to people’s needs and economic condi... | sdg3 |
In Luxembourg, 60% of all spells are longer than 12 months and close to 40% last two years or longer. In Norway, where mean and median spell lengths are shortest, about 2% of all spells last for at least 24 months. The observed spell duration until the end of the observation period will therefore generally be an undere... | sdg1 |
The New Urban Agenda insists on the necessity for capacity development, described as "a multifaceted approach that addresses the ability of multiple stakeholders and institutions at all levels of governance, and combines individual, societal and institutional capacity to formulate, implement, enhance, manage, monitor a... | sdg11 |
Valuable administrative support was provided by Ms. Tatyana Skritskaya, Assistant to the Group on Road Transport, ITF, and Ms. Anna Chahtahtinsky and Ms. Eugenia Klimenka, Assistants within the OECD Eurasia Division. Potential growth of GDP as a result of transport policy measures, from 2015 to 2050 . They are dependen... | sdg9 |
Quilts of Denmark then learned in a scientific journal that NASA had solved this problem and invented a technology called TempraKON®. When Quilts of Denmark contacted NASA, NASA was surprised that a small company from Denmark was interested in their technology and was ready to share its knowledge. However, it had taken... | sdg9 |
Land-embodied technical change is equal to the sectoral exogenous yield shift factors (source). Empirical results indicate that the assumption of uniform technical progress across sectors is generally not realistic. Studies indicate that TFP growth in developed countries is highest in agriculture, followed by manufactu... | sdg2 |
The Polish PEFC standards were accredited in 2008. Decisions to opt for FSC or PEFC certification are left up to the RDSFs. Because of their small size, private forests are not subject to certification (Koziol and Matras, 2013). Key regulations on land conversion and tree cutting have been used to protect the forest co... | sdg15 |
A country has an absolute and exclusive sovereignty for its airspace. Sovereign country has right to manage flight routes and its airspace, regarding the fact that airspace is very strategic for its defense and security. Violations of Indonesia’s airspace sovereignty by either civilian aircraft or state aircraft ofte... | sdg16 |
In this article I identify and analyse the legal instruments that allow international courts to contribute to the development of international law. I explain how these contributions are linked to a process that I call autonomisation, and by which I understand that international courts form and sustain an autonomous int... | sdg16 |
The world’s nations annually contribute over $1 trillion to subsidies for agriculture, energy, water and transport. This is 12 times the amount needed to bring official development assistance up to the 0.7 per cent target set in 1966, it is 15 times the amount that was estimated to be necessary if the Millennium Develo... | sdg7 |
A sea level rise of only one metre would inundate half of the rice land in Bangladesh. A one-metre rise in sea level will not happen overnight, but if ice melting continues at today’s rates, at some point such a rise in sea level will no longer be preventable. In 2007, reports from Greenland indicated that the flow of ... | sdg2 |
Thus, low labour force participation and lack of access to employment are an important component of the dominance of the labour market in driving South African inequality. This very low contribution arises because of the low correlation between the rank ordering of transfer income as well as the low Gini coefficient fo... | sdg10 |
Their plans seem commercially feasible given the lower cost of satellites and the development of the broadband market. Mobile network operators (MNOs) need scale to compete for 4G licences, invest in mobile network infrastructure and develop services that rival their competitors'. But there may be additional benefits t... | sdg9 |
The licence had to specify the volumes of water abstracted, the location of the abstraction and the purpose, together w ith any conditions to protect the rights of existing abstractors and the needs of the environment. Although the act required eveiy licence to be assessed according to its reasonable need and its impac... | sdg6 |
Other fish species have also declined, and the piscivorous Caspian seal may be affected as a result. This instrument includes a section on the conservation of Caspian biodiversity with the general intention to reduce pollution of the Caspian, manage fisheries sustainably, fight poaching (particularly of sturgeon) and d... | sdg15 |
The reality is likely a complex combination of the two, combined with a range of possible external factors. The suicide rate in Norway in 2011 was marginally higher that of neighbouring Sweden, and more significantly higher than that of Denmark. Suicide rates in Finland remain higher than in Norway, but have been falli... | sdg3 |
The first is the Dutch disease phenomenon. According to this phenomenon, the discovery and exploitation of a major natural resource leads to massive inflows of foreign currency and appreciation of the domestic currency. This hampers the competitiveness of traditional sectors and, in many cases, increases the concentrat... | sdg13 |
Though safety has improved the coal mining industry continues to be plagued by accidents. Coal mining also consumes large quantities of water and coal washing, while beneficial for reducing S02, contributes to water pollution. Improvements were particularly rapid during the 1990s before being partially reversed in the ... | sdg6 |
Additional funding from the United Kingdom towards development research mainly drives this. Other sectors with ICT and technology focus are agriculture, health and the education sector. Overall, financing towards ICTs and technology represent a minor share of total development finance, however, the rapid pace of digita... | sdg9 |
Although at the global level households headed by men and those headed women are almost equally likely to be multidimensionally poor—29 percent of man-headed households and 28 percent of woman-headed households are multidimensionally poor—there is considerable variation across countries and regions.16 Because the MPI i... | sdg1 |
Since river basin flood hazards are frequently transnational, these efforts need to be re-energized and consolidated into a regional warning mechanism. For this purpose there have already been a number of pilots that can be scaled up and replicated. In the Philippines, for example, with support from Deutsche Gesellscha... | sdg13 |
With 240,000 overnight stays the C02 emission per overnight stay amounts to 28.5 kg. In total, hotels and restaurants in Greenland account for close to 7,000 tonnes of C02 emissions annually. It has only been possible to find concrete data on energy consumption from hotels and restaurants in Greenland. In Iceland, the ... | sdg7 |
The code also provides for pre-emptive rights for furniture producers when buying wood (GTF, 2015a). In response to concerns about illegal logging, the Romanian Government announced plans in May 2015 to introduce an emergency temporary ban on exports of unprocessed roundwood (IHB, 2015a). The Belarusian President, Alex... | sdg15 |
The Gini coefficients take into account labour earnings only, the precise definition of labour earnings differs across countries (see Fournier and Koske, 2012 for details). The value for the OECD is calculated as an unweighted average across all OECD countries for which data are available. The analysis below uses house... | sdg10 |
IN R. (Moseley) v Haringey LBC [2014] 1 W.L.R. 3947, the Supreme Court unanimously upheld a judicial review challenge to the legality of a public consultation carried out by the defendant pursuant to a statutory duty to consult on proposed changes to Council Tax. However, more significant than the outcome is the mark... | sdg16 |
In Canada and the Netherlands, the shares of non-native speakers among first-generation immigrant students were significantly lower (60% and 65% respectively), whereas the respective shares in Austria and the Netherlands were 76%, and in the United States, 81%. By contrast, in the European peer-learner countries, langu... | sdg4 |
Teachers receive tailor-made training with contents and timing adapted so that they best overcome their weaknesses in effectively helping their students reach their educational objectives. In comparable publicly funded schools, teachers seem to have much more freedom to “teach the way they feel most comfortable” (Henri... | sdg4 |
As of the fourth quarter of 2009, the unemployment rate was about 1.5 percentage points higher than the level implied by Okun’s law. Panel B of Figure 1.10 confirms that unemployment has responded more strongly to the decline in output in the United States during the 2008-09 recession than in past recessions, even as t... | sdg8 |
According to FAO’s 2015 Global Forest Resources Assessment, between 2010 and 2015, 16 400 hectares of forest per year were lost (equivalent to 90 000 soccer fields per year). Deforestation and the loss of ecosystem services associated with forests represent the loss of natural capital from which the livelihoods of loca... | sdg15 |
Trade restrictions played a pivotal role for this differential outcome. While countries in developing Asia managed to insulate themselves from the price hike through export restrictions and ‘aggressive buying", many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa experienced a sharp food price increase and had to bear the brunt of the... | sdg2 |
The agreement calls for comprehensive policies and a targeted approach focusing on attending to the poor, vulnerable and excluded segments of society in keeping with their particular needs, characteristics and contexts. Science and Culture (OEI), the ministers of education approved a comprehensive early childhood proje... | sdg4 |
For example, evidence shows that legal protection against domestic violence is not only critical to protect women by reducing impunity and opening avenues for redress, but it also improves women’s life spans. Women's access to property is associated with a higher likelihood of joint decision-making about employment and... | sdg5 |
Some of these things were discussed in the “patriarchy debate”. Men thus have a common interest in having a woman available to serve them within the home. As women gain access to the labour market and secure other measures of social equity, men’s authority within the family declines and gender segregation in jobs becom... | sdg5 |
The Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) was adopted on 17 July 1998 by an overwhelming majority of the states attending the Rome Conference. Included in that body of like-minded nations was a large number of African delegations, and of 54 African states, 44 have signed and 15 - South Africa amongst them -... | sdg16 |
It aims to establish a unified road transport system (including for the transport of goods) with the latest monitoring and control systems. It also aims to improve vehicle registration and technical control, meeting international standards, the project is founded on the transfer of know-how in regulating areas such as ... | sdg9 |
Of the eight operators, none has yet to achieve full 2G coverage. And although 4G has been launched, coverage is limited. Even 3G coverage is relatively low, with MTN the market leader reporting that its 3G signal only reached a quarter of the population in 2016 compared to 92% in next-door Rwanda.1 The low mobile broa... | sdg9 |
Data from multilateral institutions are reported in a simplified format using categories drawn from the approach used by the World Bank Group to classify energy projects. While energy efficiency data are reported, such projects present a particular challenge in their classification. For example, a transmission line pro... | sdg7 |
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