claim_id int64 0 3.13k | claim stringlengths 26 406 | evidence stringlengths 13 1.4k | evidence_label stringclasses 3
values | label stringclasses 3
values | category stringlengths 2 71 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,657 | Currently, humans are emitting around 29 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere per year. | Human activities emit about 29 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year, while volcanoes emit between 0.2 and 0.3 billion tons. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Carbon dioxide |
2,611 | The final amount of extra CO2 that remains in the atmosphere stays there on a time scale of centuries. | Long-term effects of global warming: On the timescale of centuries to millennia, the magnitude of global warming will be determined primarily by anthropogenic CO2 emissions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,945 | But that conclusion holds true only if there are no other sources of c12 increases which are not human caused. | The statement concludes with a call for "reduction in anthropogenic (human-caused) sources of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions contributing to global climate change and the conservation of CO 2- consuming photosynthesizers (i.e., plants)." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
749 | “The worldwide temperature record has been changed. | This has led to increases in mean global temperature, or global warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Attribution of recent climate change |
3,011 | A South African paper has found a 21 year cycle synchronous with the solar cycle (Alexander 2007). | Orbital forcing from cycles in the earth's orbit around the sun has, for the past 2,000 years, caused a long-term northern hemisphere cooling trend that continued through the Middle Ages and the Little Ice Age. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Little Ice Age |
1,675 | The most recent satellite data show that the earth as a whole is warming. | The last time the Earth was 2 °C (3.6 °F) warmer than pre-industrial temperatures, sea levels were at least 5 metres (16 ft) higher than now: this was when warming because of changes in the amount of sunlight due to slow changes in the Earth's orbit caused the last interglacial. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
2,308 | "The 30 major droughts of the 20th century were likely natural in all respects; and, hence, they are "indicative of what could also happen in the future," as Narisma | Some evidence suggests that droughts have been occurring more frequently because of global warming and they are expected to become more frequent and intense in Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East, most of the Americas, Australia, and Southeast Asia. | REFUTES | contradiction | Effects of global warming |
897 | The report […] found that the United States was one of the most pollution-free nations in the world.” | Water pollution is a major problem in many developing countries. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Developing country |
1,713 | The ocean is absorbing massive amounts of CO2, and is becoming more acidic as a result. | Although the natural absorption of CO 2 by the world's oceans helps mitigate the climatic effects of anthropogenic emissions of CO 2, it is believed that the resulting decrease in pH will have negative consequences, primarily for oceanic calcifying organisms. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Ocean acidification |
1,715 | Theory, models and direct measurement confirm CO2 is currently the main driver of climate change. | Scientists have determined that the major factors causing the current climate change are greenhouse gases, land use changes, and aerosols and soot. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming |
287 | Climate skeptics argue temperature records have been adjusted in recent years to make the past appear cooler and the present warmer, although the Carbon Brief showed that NOAA has actually made the past warmer, evening out the difference. | Improved measurement and analysis techniques have reconciled this discrepancy: corrected buoy and satellite surface temperatures are slightly cooler and corrected satellite and radiosonde measurements of the tropical troposphere are slightly warmer. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming controversy |
2,222 | A large number of ancient mass extinction events have been strongly linked to global climate change. | Species extinction at Seymour Island occurred in two pulses that coincide with the two observed warming events, directly linking the end-Cretaceous extinction at this site to both volcanic and meteorite events via climate change. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event |
2,402 | Although it has some very important and beneficial effects, CO2 meets the legal and encyclopedic definitions of a "pollutant", and human CO2 emissions pose a threat to public health and welfare. | On April 17, 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) formally announced that it had found that greenhouse gas (GHG) poses a threat to public health and the environment (EPA 2009a). | SUPPORTS | entailment | Emissions trading |
2,410 | "There is no actual evidence that carbon dioxide emissions are causing global warming. | "How the oceans absorb carbon dioxide is critical for predicting climate change". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,782 | "NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing. | In a NASA report published in January 2013, Hansen and Sato noted "the 5-year mean global temperature has been flat for a decade, which we interpret as a combination of natural variability and a slowdown in the growth rate of the net climate forcing." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming controversy |
1,649 | Urban and rural regions show the same warming trend. | Not all cities show a warming relative to their rural surroundings. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Urban heat island |
565 | In looking at Earth’s past, scientists can predict what the future will look like | Historically, the ability of experts to predict the future over these timescales has proved very limited. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global catastrophic risk |
721 | “‘If you remove the ice shelf, there’s a potential that not just ice-cliff instabilities will start occurring, but a process called marine ice-sheet instabilities,’ says Matthew Wise, a polar scientist at the University of Cambridge. | Secondly, melting of the ice shelves, the floating extensions of the ice sheet, leads to a process named the Marine Ice Cliff Instability. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
2,907 | Maximum warming occurs over the surface during winter while less surface warming is found in summer when heat is being used to melt sea ice. | As the sea ice melts, its surface area shrinks, diminishing the size of the reflective surface and therefore causing the earth to absorb more of the sun's heat. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea ice |
2,876 | Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004). | In 2004, the geologist and historian of science Naomi Oreskes summarized a study of the scientific literature on climate change. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
375 | when 3 per cent of total annual global emissions of carbon dioxide are from humans and Australia produces 1.3 per cent of this 3 per cent, then no amount of emissions reduction here will have any effect on global climate. | Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Greenhouse gas |
2,083 | Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy | An editorial in Nature stated that "A fair reading of the e-mails reveals nothing to support the denialists' conspiracy theories." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climatic Research Unit email controversy |
1,156 | The costs of emissions regulations, which will be paid by everyone, will be punishingly high and will provide no benefits to most people anywhere in the world. | A pollution tax that reduces pollution to the socially "optimal" level would be set at such a level that pollution occurs only if the benefits to society (for example, in form of greater production) exceeds the costs. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Environmental economics |
2,447 | The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions. | "Changes in mid-latitude variability due to increasing greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global dimming |
1,656 | The natural cycle adds and removes CO2 to keep a balance; humans add extra CO2 without removing any. | The reason for this is that human activities are adding CO2 to the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove it (see carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere for a complete explanation). | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate change mitigation |
717 | Scientists used to think that ice sheets could take millennia to respond to changing climates | An ice sheet response time of centuries seems probable, and we cannot rule out large changes on decadal time-scales once wide-scale surface melt is underway." | SUPPORTS | entailment | Greenland ice sheet |
1,869 | Despite attention on global warming, "fewer Americans carpool today to work than carpooled in 1980" and "SUVs have never been a larger proportion of the vehicles being sold in this country." | The SUV segment further grew to 26% of the global passenger car market in 2016, then to 36.8% of the market in Q1–Q3 of 2017. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sport utility vehicle |
692 | “We indicated 23 years ago — in our 1994 Nature article — that climate models had the atmosphere’s sensitivity to CO2 much too high,” Christy said in a statement. | They did note that the agreement between the observations and the intermediate scenario was accidental because the climate sensitivity used was higher than current estimates. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | James Hansen |
1,183 | “suggest that residents are fleeing atolls swiftly sinking into the sea. | Since land height has not changed the vulnerability of the greater part of the land area of each island to submergence due to sea level rise is also unchanged and these low-lying atolls remain immediately and extremely vulnerable to inundation or sea water flooding." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Kiribati |
1,374 | world temperatures, because they have gone up only very slowly, less than half as fast as the scientific consensus predicted in 1990 | Since the start of the 20th century, the global mean surface temperature of the Earth has increased by more than 0.7°C and the rate of warming has been largest in the last 30 years. | REFUTES | contradiction | Scientific consensus on climate change |
21 | Sea level rise has been slow and a constant, pre-dating industrialization | Data collected by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Australia show the current global mean sea level trend to be 3.2 mm (0.13 in) per year, a doubling of the rate during the 20th century. | REFUTES | contradiction | Sea level rise |
1,180 | “It seems self-evident that rising sea levels will reduce land area. | rising sea levels, shrinking Arctic sea ice). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,130 | Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels | These scientific instruments are commonly used by plant physiologists to measure CO2 uptake and thus measure photosynthetic rate. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Stoma |
2,746 | Dropped weather stations actually show a slightly warmer trend compared to kept stations. | The Newswatch branding was dropped after 28 years to coincide with the switch. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | WSEE-TV |
2,401 | Mother Earth has clearly ruled that CO2 is not a pollutant.' | This made the debate a political one. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Mother goddess |
1,577 | Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project. | Robinson asserted in 2008 that the petition has over 31,000 signatories, with 9,000 of these holding a PhD degree. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Art Robinson |
1,365 | Satellite temperature readings going back to 1979 show 1998 was by far the warmest year in the satellite era | In January 2013 James Hansen and colleagues published their updated analysis that temperatures had continued at a high level despite strong La Niña conditions, and said the "5-year mean global temperature has been flat for a decade, which we interpret as a combination of natural variability and a slowdown in the growth... | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming hiatus |
75 | The science is clear, climate change is making extreme weather events, including tornadoes, worse. | Documented long-term climate changes include changes in Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity, wind patterns and extreme weather including droughts, heavy precipitation, heat waves and the intensity of tropical cyclones. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,746 | Dropped weather stations actually show a slightly warmer trend compared to kept stations. | Winters are chilly and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow sea breezes offshore temper the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachian Mountains keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser ... | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | New York City |
2,165 | Ben Santer rewrote the 1995 IPCC report | Climate Change 1995, the IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR), was finished in 1996. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
2,564 | This small warming is likely a result of the natural alterations in global ocean currents which are driven by ocean salinity variations. | Thus, a small change in the mean temperature of the ocean represents a very large change in the total heat content of the climate system. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
1,618 | We didn't have global warming during the Industrial Revolution. | Before the Industrial Revolution, naturally occurring amounts of greenhouse gases caused the air near the surface to be warmer by about 33 °C (59 °F) than it would be in their absence. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
132 | Climate change is not making natural disasters worse | It assesses the effect that climate change has on the threat of natural disasters and how nations can better manage an expected change in the frequency of occurrence and intensity of severe weather patterns. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
628 | as continents rise after the overlying ice has melted | Water flowing down the headwall gains energy, which melts the surrounding ice, creating channels. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Overdeepening |
976 | The gas builds up in the soil, forming mounds called ‘pingoes.’ | At the next larger scale, soil structures called peds or more commonly soil aggregates are created from the soil separates when iron oxides, carbonates, clay, silica and humus, coat particles and cause them to adhere into larger, relatively stable secondary structures. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Soil |
2,255 | And since the last ice age ended almost exactly 11,500 years ago…" (Ice Age Now) | Accordingly, at glacial times the humid climatic belt that today is situated several latitude degrees further to the S, was shifted much further to the N. Although the last glacial period ended more than 8,000 years ago, its effects can still be felt today. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ice age |
2,817 | The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "there is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere". | Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming o... | REFUTES | contradiction | Scientific consensus on climate change |
1,530 | Scientists have known for some time, from multiple lines of evidence, that humans are changing Earth’s climate, primarily through greenhouse gas emissions. | The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said the likelihood was 90 percent to 99 percent that emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, spewed from tailpipes and smokestacks, were the dominant cause of the observed warming of the last 50 years. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
1,279 | “Earlier this month, NASA scientists provided a visualization of a startling climate change trend — the Earth is getting greener, as viewed from space, especially in its rapidly warming northern regions. | It has recorded some of the most detailed visible light images, allowing a deep view into space. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Hubble Space Telescope |
2,130 | Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels | Plant species with the greatest photosynthetic rates and Kranz anatomy showed no apparent photorespiration, very low CO2 compensation point, high optimum temperature, high stomatal resistances and lower mesophyll resistances for gas diffusion and rates never saturated at full sun light. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Photosynthesis |
1,634 | Satellites measure Antarctica losing land ice at an accelerating rate. | "A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Antarctica |
180 | Reef material is calcium carbonate, which contains 44 per cent carbon dioxide. | The calcium carbonate from which coral skeletons are made is just over 60% carbon dioxide. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Carbon sink |
152 | “Catherine Senior, head of understanding climate change at the Met Office Hadley Centre, said more studies and more data were needed to fully understand the role of clouds and aerosols. | To inform decisions on adaptation and mitigation, it is critical that we improve our understanding of the global climate system and our ability to project future climate through continued and improved monitoring and research. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,857 | Weather is chaotic because air is light, it has low friction and viscosity, it expands strongly when in contact with hot surfaces and it conducts heat poorly. | The work done by friction can translate into deformation, wear, and heat that can affect the contact surface properties (even the coefficient of friction between the surfaces). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Friction |
609 | That’s because as Antarctica’s mass shrinks, the ice sheet’s gravitational pull on the ocean relaxes somewhat, and the seas travel back across the globe to pile up far away — with U.S. coasts being one prime destination.” | With the loss of mass, the gravitational pull becomes less and local water levels might drop. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
1,169 | “Sea level rise, which was occurring long before humans could be blamed, has not accelerated and still amounts to only 1 inch every ten years. | A 2018 systematic review study estimated that ice loss across the entire continent was 43 gigatons (Gt) per year on average during the period from 1992 to 2002, but has accelerated to an average of 220 Gt per year during the five years from 2012 to 2017. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
65 | A windmill could spin until it falls apart and never generate as much energy as was invested in building it. | The energy consumed to manufacture and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. | REFUTES | contradiction | Wind farm |
2,244 | So CO2 causes warming AND rising temperature causes CO2 rise. | Absorption of infrared light at the vibrational frequencies of atmospheric carbon dioxide traps energy near the surface, warming the surface and the lower atmosphere. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon dioxide |
945 | In their worst-case scenario, the sea level could rise by six feet by the end of this century, and the pace could pick up drastically in the 22nd century. | In 2019, a study projected that in low emission scenario, sea level will rise 30 centimeters by 2050 and 69 centimetres by 2100, relatively to the level in 2000. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
1,342 | The worsening of tidal flooding in American coastal communities is largely a consequence of greenhouse gases from human activity, and the problem will grow far worse in coming decades, scientists reported Monday. | The effects of global warming or climate damage include far-reaching and long-lasting changes to the natural environment, to ecosystems and human societies caused directly or indirectly by human emissions of greenhouse gases. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of global warming |
2,298 | (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe. | This is down from a peak of 17.1% in 2012. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Florida |
356 | This requires us to work towards avoiding catastrophic possibilities rather than looking at probabilities, as learning from mistakes is not an option when it comes to existential risks. | This principle states that we ought to retard the development of dangerous technologies, particularly ones that raise the level of existential risk, and accelerate the development of beneficial technologies, particularly those that protect against the existential risks posed by nature or by other technologies. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Nick Bostrom |
2,401 | Mother Earth has clearly ruled that CO2 is not a pollutant.' | There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions. | REFUTES | contradiction | Earth |
2,992 | The measurements of the amount of CO2 made at the Mauna Loa Observatory are accurate and uncontaminated by any emissions from the volcano. | According to the NOAA, Mauna Loa is the world's oldest continuous CO2 monitoring station, and the world's primary benchmark site for measurement of the gas. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Mauna Loa Observatory |
2,141 | Satellite error inflated Great Lakes temperatures | Because it is the shallowest, it is also the warmest of the Great Lakes, and in 1999 this almost became a problem for two nuclear power plants which require cool lake water to keep their reactors cool. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Lake Erie |
3,105 | Global warming theory holds that one of the fingerprints of human-induced global warming is more rapid warming in the lower troposphere than at the surface (James Taylor) | The spatial and temporal fingerprint of warming can be traced to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, which are a direct result of burning fossil fuels, broad-scale deforestation and other human activity. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,441 | Furthermore, it is physically incorrect to state that the planet is simply "recovering" from the Little Ice Age. | This trend could be extrapolated to continue into the future, possibly leading to a full ice age, but the twentieth-century instrumental temperature record shows a sudden reversal of this trend, with a rise in global temperatures attributed to greenhouse gas emissions. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Little Ice Age |
2,763 | The long term trend from albedo is of cooling. | An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ice age |
562 | current climate predictions may underestimate long-term warming by as much as a factor of two | A conservative estimate of the long-term projections is that each Celsius degree of temperature rise triggers a sea level rise of approximately 2.3 meters (4.2 ft/degree Fahrenheit) over a period of two millennia: an example of climate inertia. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
400 | The idea that climate change is producing heat records across the Earth is among the most egregious manipulations of data in the absurd global warming debate. | Using the long-term temperature trends for the earth scientists and statisticians conclude that it continues to warm through time. | REFUTES | contradiction | Global warming controversy |
1,083 | ‘Getting hung up on the exact nature of the records is interesting, and there’s lots of technical work that can be done there, but the main take-home response there is that the trends we’ve been seeing since the 1970s are continuing and have not paused in any way,’ he said.” | Reflecting on developments in rock music at the start of the 1970s, Robert Christgau later wrote in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981): The decade is, of course, an arbitrary schema itself—time doesn't just execute a neat turn toward the future every ten years. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Rock music |
577 | ‘Heatwaves are far more intense than when my parents were growing up in the 1950s. | "More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Heat wave |
2,117 | Global sea level data shows that sea level rise has been increasing since 1880 while future sea level rise predictions are based on physics, not statistics. | For instance, Mercer published a study in 1978 predicting that anthropogenic carbon dioxide warming and its potential effects on climate in the 21st century could cause a sea level rise of around 5 metres (16 ft) from melting of the West Antarctic ice-sheet alone. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
496 | Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event. | Between 2011 and 2014, California experienced the driest period in its recorded history and more than 100 million trees died in the drought, creating areas of dead, dry wood. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Physical impacts of climate change |
972 | “Arctic land stores about twice as much carbon as the atmosphere. | The carbon currently stored in peatlands (390–455 gigatonnes, one-third of the total land-based carbon store) is over half the amount of carbon already in the atmosphere. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change feedback |
1,115 | This “blocking” effect means extreme events can unfold.” | Based on the evidence, memories are not extreme enough. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | List of memory biases |
1,133 | Global average temperatures over land have plummeted by more than 1C since the middle of this year – their biggest and steepest fall on record. | For comparison, the average global temperature for the period between 1951 and 1980 was 14 °C (57 °F). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Paleocene |
127 | Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide has helped raise global food production and reduce poverty. | In the 1980s and 1990s low world market prices for cereals and livestock resulted in decreased agricultural growth and increased rural poverty. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change and agriculture |
625 | I note particularly that sea-level rise is not affected by the warming; it continues at the same rate, 1.8 millimeters a year, according to a 1990 review by Andrew S. Trupin and John Wahr. | Between 1993 and 2017, the global mean sea level rose on average by 3.1 ± 0.3 mm per year, with an acceleration detected as well. | REFUTES | contradiction | Global warming |
444 | Carbon dioxide is a trace gas.” | Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO 2) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon dioxide |
821 | Societies do fall apart from war, disease or chaos. | It proved to be the death struggle of a society, which went down in ruins. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | American Civil War |
30 | the bushfires [in Australia] were caused by arsonists and a series of lightning strikes, not 'climate change' | The 2007 Kangaroo Island bushfires were a series of bushfires caused by lightning strikes on 6 December 2007 on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, resulting in the destruction of 95,000 hectares (230,000 acres) of national park and wilderness protection area. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | 2007 Kangaroo Island bushfires |
3,063 | 'Another global warming myth comes crashing down. | Delingpole has engaged in climate change denialism; in 2009 he wrote of "The conspiracy behind the Anthropogenic Global Warming myth". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | James Delingpole |
2,328 | What you were not told was that the data that triggered this record is only available back to the late 1970s. | The FBI Operation Crossfire Hurricane investigation into Russian interference, which started on July 31, 2016, was not triggered by the dossier, but the dossier is still the subject of the Russia investigation origins counter-narrative, a conspiracy theory pushed by Trump and Fox News. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Steele dossier |
98 | Trump's action could push the Earth over the brink, to become like Venus, with a temperature of two hundred and fifty degrees, and raining sulphuric acid. | This makes Venus's surface hotter than Mercury's, which has a minimum surface temperature of 53 K (−220 °C; −364 °F) and maximum surface temperature of 700 K (427 °C; 801 °F), even though Venus is nearly twice Mercury's distance from the Sun and thus receives only 25% of Mercury's solar irradiance. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Venus |
531 | When South Australians buy electricity at $14,200/MWh, they are paying the equivalent of $400 a litre for petrol. | The kilowatt-hour (kWh, also kW⋅h or kW h) is a unit of energy equal to 3600 kilojoules (3.6 megajoules). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Kilowatt hour |
697 | While many scientists have acknowledged the mismatch between model predictions and actual temperature observations, few have really challenged the validity of the models themselves. | A 2007 study by David Douglass and coworkers, concluded that the 22 most commonly used global climate models used by the IPCC were unable to accurately predict accelerated warming in the troposphere although they did match actual surface warming, concluding "projections of future climate based on these models should be... | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming controversy |
2,027 | You're going to have an increase in the amount of ice in Antarctica because of global warming. | According to NASA, the most widespread Antarctic surface melting of the past 30 years occurred in 2005, when an area of ice comparable in size to California briefly melted and refroze; this may have resulted from temperatures rising to as high as 5 °C (41 °F). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Antarctica |
649 | “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years. | Edward later fell out with the king over the proposal that the Roman Catholic James II should succeed to the throne on Charles's death, and after the discovery of the Rye House Plot in 1683 the castle was searched by royal officials looking for stocks of weapons that might be used in a possible revolt. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Farleigh Hungerford Castle |
1,065 | However, this is exactly what climate scientists have predicted for California since at least the 1980s: protracted periods of warm, dry conditions punctuated by intense wet spells, with more rain and less snow, causing both drought and floods. | Between 2011 and 2014, California experienced the driest period in its recorded history and more than 100 million trees died in the drought, creating areas of dead, dry wood. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Physical impacts of climate change |
2,268 | “[T]he 1079 emails and 72 documents seem indeed evidence of a scandal involving most of the most prominent scientists pushing the man-made warming theory - a scandal that is one of the greatest in modern science. | In this context, John Tierney of The New York Times wrote: "these researchers, some of the most prominent climate experts in Britain and America, seem so focused on winning the public-relations war that they exaggerate their certitude – and ultimately undermine their own cause". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climatic Research Unit email controversy |
846 | In other words, we have, trapped in Arctic permafrost, twice as much carbon as is currently wrecking the atmosphere of the planet, all of it scheduled to be released at a date that keeps getting moved up, partially in the form of a gas that multiplies its warming power 86 times over. | (2008) estimate that not less than 1,400 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon is presently locked up as methane and methane hydrates under the Arctic submarine permafrost, and 5–10% of that area is subject to puncturing by open taliks. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Arctic methane emissions |
1,469 | Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory. | The eruptions would also have emitted carbon dioxide, causing global warming. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Permian–Triassic extinction event |
2,486 | The minute increase of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere (0.008%) was not the cause of the warming—it was a continuation of natural cycles that occurred over the past 500 years." | The sharp acceleration in CO 2 emissions since 2000 to more than a 3% increase per year (more than 2 ppm per year) from 1.1% per year during the 1990s is attributable to the lapse of formerly declining trends in carbon intensity of both developing and developed nations. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Greenhouse gas |
3,063 | 'Another global warming myth comes crashing down. | Climate Change Myths and Realities. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ozone depletion |
1,895 | Gov. Palin ... is somebody who actually doesn't believe that climate change is man-made. | A changing environment will affect Alaska more than any other state...I'm not one though who would attribute it to being man-made Goldman, Russell (September 11, 2008). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sarah Palin |
2,069 | Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification, which is catastrophically harming marine life. | As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, the increased uptake of carbon dioxide into the oceans is causing a measurable decrease in the pH of the oceans, which is referred to as ocean acidification. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Carbon dioxide |
2,502 | Fundamental physics and global climate models both make testable predictions as to how the global climate should change in response to anthropogenic warming. | Scientific theories are testable and make falsifiable predictions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific theory |
1,743 | Arctic sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and summer or multi-year sea ice might be all gone within a decade. | Sometime during the 21st century, sea ice may effectively cease to exist during the summer. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Arctic sea ice decline |
1,216 | …obsessing about climate change is avoiding a frank discussion about the here-and-now problems of budget deficits, the federal debt, school choice, entitlement reform, and so on. | He suggested using discussions about raising the federal debt ceiling as "leverage" to reduce federal spending. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Political positions of Paul Ryan |
Subsets and Splits
SQL Console for Yoonseong/climatebert_factcheck
The query retrieves all entries from the train dataset where the evidence label is 'SUPPORTS', providing basic filtering of the data.