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s41467-025-57235-5 | Physics | Correlated states controlled by a tunable van Hove singularity in moiré WSe2bilayers | Twisted transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) bilayers have enabled the discovery of superconductivity, ferromagnetism, correlated insulators, and a series of new topological phases of matter. However, the connection between these electronic phases of matter and the underlying band structure singularities has remained ... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "In two dimensions, a divergence in the density of states (DOS), also known as a van Hove singularity (vHS), arises from a saddle point in the electronic band structure. The presence of a vHS near the Fermi level significantly enhances the electron-electron interactio... | The core research idea is to investigate how van Hove singularities influence symmetry-breaking ground states at generic fillings in twisted WSe₂ bilayers by tuning the vHS relative to the Fermi level using electric and magnetic fields, with a focus on observing correlated phases such as ferromagnetic metals and Chern ... | [
"van Hove singularities",
"symmetry-breaking ground states",
"generic fillings",
"twisted WSe₂ bilayers",
"electric fields",
"magnetic fields",
"ferromagnetic metals",
"Chern insulators",
"magnetic circular dichroism",
"exciton sensing measurements",
"Fermi level",
"vHS",
"correlated phases"... | [
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Bardeen, J., Cooper, L. N. & Schrieffer, J. R. Theory of superconductivity.Phys. Rev.108, 1175–1204 (1957).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.108.1175"
},
{
"idx": "3.",
"title": "Mak, K. F. & Shan, J. Semiconductor moiré materials.Nat. Nanotechnol.17, 686... |
ncomms7499 | Materials science | Silane-catalysed fast growth of large single-crystalline graphene on hexagonal boron nitride | The direct growth of high-quality, large single-crystalline domains of graphene on a dielectric substrate is of vital importance for applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Traditionally, graphene domains grown on dielectrics are typically only ~1 μm with a growth rate of ~1 nm min −1 or less, the main reason ... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "As the first isolated atomically thin crystal [1] , graphene has attracted enormous interest from people all over the world because of its rich physical properties and great potential in various applications. Among them, applications in electronics are the most appea... | The core research idea is to demonstrate that the use of silane and germane as gaseous catalysts can significantly enhance the growth rate and alignment of graphene domains on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrates, enabling transfer-free synthesis of high-quality graphene for electronic applications. | [
"silane",
"germane",
"gaseous catalysts",
"graphene domains",
"hexagonal boron nitride substrates",
"growth rate",
"alignment",
"transfer-free synthesis",
"high-quality graphene",
"electronic applications"
] | [
{
"idx": "1",
"title": "Novoselov, K. S. et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films.Science306, 666–669 (2004) .",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1102896"
},
{
"idx": "2",
"title": "Novoselov, K. S. et al. A roadmap for graphene.Nature490, 192–200 (2012) .",
... |
s41467-021-23309-3 | Physics | Non-Abelian three-loop braiding statistics for 3D fermionic topological phases | Fractional statistics is one of the most intriguing features of topological phases in 2D. In particular, the so-called non-Abelian statistics plays a crucial role towards realizing topological quantum computation. Recently, the study of topological phases has been extended to 3D and it has been proposed that loop-like ... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Topological phases of quantum matter are a new kind of quantum phases beyond Landau’s paradigm. Since the discovery of fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE), fractionalized statistics of point-like excitations in topological phases has been intensively studied in 2D ... | This work systematically investigates the three-loop braiding statistics in gauged interacting fermionic symmetry-protected topological (FSPT) systems with general Abelian unitary symmetries, aiming to uncover new types of non-Abelian three-loop braiding processes that can only occur in the presence of fermionic partic... | [
"three-loop braiding statistics",
"gauged interacting fermionic symmetry-protected topological systems",
"Abelian unitary symmetries",
"non-Abelian three-loop braiding processes",
"fermionic particles",
"3D FSPT phases",
"Abelian unitary total symmetry $ G^f $"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Wang, C. & Levin, M. Braiding statistics of loop excitations in three dimensions.Phys. Rev. Lett.113, 080403 (2014).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.113.080403"
},
{
"idx": "3.",
"title": "Wang, J. C. & Wen, X.-G. Non-abelian string and particle brai... |
s41467-025-56759-0 | Physics | Attosecond metrology of vacuum-ultraviolet high-order harmonics generated in semiconductors via laser-dressed photoionization of alkali metals | Semiconductor crystals driven by strong mid-infrared pulses offer advantages for studying many-body physics and ultrafast optoelectronics via high-harmonic generation. While the process has been used to study solids in the presence strong mid-infrared fields, its potential as an attosecond light source is largely under... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "In the last twelve years, the interaction between semiconductor crystals and intense laser fields has gained significant attention. This interest arises from the combination of advantages offered by many-body physics and ultrafast optoelectronics [1] , [2] , [3] , [4... | The core research idea is to develop a novel attosecond pulse characterization technique in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) range by utilizing laser-dressed photoionization of cesium atoms, where the synchronization of photoelectrons ejected by a comb of VUV high-order harmonics and a delayed mid-infrared laser field reve... | [
"attosecond pulse characterization technique",
"vacuum-ultraviolet range",
"laser-dressed photoionization",
"cesium atoms",
"photoelectrons",
"VUV high-order harmonics",
"mid-infrared laser field",
"attosecond-scale dynamics",
"XUV-based metrology methods"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Ghimire, S. et al. Observation of high-order harmonic generation in a bulk crystal.Nat. Phys.7, 138–141 (2011).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnphys1847"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Schultze, M. et al. Controlling dielectrics with the electric field of light.Na... |
s41467-022-31398-x | Nanoscience and technology | Confinement anisotropy drives polar organization of two DNA molecules interacting in a nanoscale cavity | There is growing appreciation for the role phase transition based phenomena play in biological systems. In particular, self-avoiding polymer chains are predicted to undergo a unique confinement dependent demixing transition as the anisotropy of the confined space is increased. This phenomenon may be relevant for unders... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Biological systems exploit phase transition physics to ensure their proper organization and function [1] . Liquid-liquid phase transitions are now believed to account for the formation of membrane-less organelles, such as P granules [2] ; 2D phase separations between... | This research proposes that entropy-driven demixing of dsDNA molecules in anisotropically confined environments, such as elliptical nanoscale compartments, can give rise to polar and ring-like organizational patterns observed in bacterial systems, and aims to demonstrate how confinement anisotropy, polymer size asymmet... | [
"entropy-driven demixing",
"dsDNA molecules",
"anisotropically confined environments",
"elliptical nanoscale compartments",
"polar organizational patterns",
"ring-like organizational patterns",
"bacterial systems",
"confinement anisotropy",
"polymer size asymmetry",
"molecular crowding",
"minima... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Lee, C. F. & Jean, D. W. Novel physics arising from phase transitions in biology.J. Appl. Phys. D Appl. Phys.52, 023001 (2019).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1361-6463%2Faae510"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Brangwynne, C. P. et al. Germline p granules are liqui... |
s41467-020-15114-1 | Materials science | Predicting gene expression using morphological cell responses to nanotopography | Cells respond in complex ways to their environment, making it challenging to predict a direct relationship between the two. A key problem is the lack of informative representations of parameters that translate directly into biological function. Here we present a platform to relate the effects of cell morphology to gene... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Biomedical implants continue to be developed to improve patient outcomes. One way to enhance implant efficacy and tissue regeneration is to vary substrate texture with nanotopographies. Topographies at the cell-material interface are widely shown to direct cell behav... | The core research idea is to develop a systematic, image profiling-based platform that quantitatively links single-cell morphological features—such as focal adhesions, actin cytoskeleton, and chromatin organization—to gene expression levels induced by nanotopography, enabling a predictive understanding of cell-type-spe... | [
"image profiling-based platform",
"single-cell morphological features",
"focal adhesions",
"actin cytoskeleton",
"chromatin organization",
"gene expression levels",
"nanotopography",
"predictive understanding",
"cell-type-specific mechanobiological responses",
"topography metrics"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Reynolds, P. M., Pedersen, R. H., Riehle, M. O. & Gadegaard, N. A dual gradient assay for the parametric analysis of cell-surface interactions.Small8, 2541–2547 (2012).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fsmll.201200235"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Di Rienzo, C. et ... |
ncomms10301 | Materials science | Negative magnetoresistance in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 | A large negative magnetoresistance (NMR) is anticipated in topological semimetals in parallel magnetic fields, demonstrating the chiral anomaly, a long-sought high-energy-physics effect, in solid-state systems. Recent experiments reveal that the Dirac semimetal Cd 3 As 2 has the record-high mobility and positive linear... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Searching for the signature of the Adler-Bell-Jackiw chiral anomaly [1] , [2] , [3] in three-dimensional topological semimetals is one of the focuses in condensed matter physics. The topological semimetals have a band structure with the conduction and valence energy ... | The core research idea is to investigate the carrier density dependence of magnetotransport properties in Cd3As2 microribbons, particularly focusing on the observation of a negative magnetoresistance in parallel magnetic and electric fields as a signature of the chiral anomaly, and to demonstrate that reducing carrier ... | [
"carrier density",
"magnetotransport properties",
"Cd3As2 microribbons",
"negative magnetoresistance",
"parallel magnetic field",
"electric field",
"chiral anomaly",
"semiclassical theory",
"topological semimetals"
] | [
{
"idx": "1",
"title": "Adler, S. L. Axial-vector vertex in spinor electrodynamics.Phys. Rev.177, 2426–2438 (1969) .",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.177.2426"
},
{
"idx": "2",
"title": "Bell, J. S. & Jackiw, R. A PCAC puzzle:π0→γγin theσ-model.Il Nuovo Cimento A60, 47–61 (1969) ... |
s41467-021-22769-x | Astronomy and planetary science | Scalable photonic-based nulling interferometry with the dispersed multi-baseline GLINT instrument | Characterisation of exoplanets is key to understanding their formation, composition and potential for life. Nulling interferometry, combined with extreme adaptive optics, is among the most promising techniques to advance this goal. We present an integrated-optic nuller whose design is directly scalable to future scienc... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "With more than 4300 exoplanets confirmed so far [1] , questions of the characterisation of their chemistry and physical conditions have become pressing. Indirect detection methods, such as transit or precision radial velocity observations, have revealed the ubiquity ... | The core research idea of this study is to develop and demonstrate a photonic nulling interferometer, integrated within the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics system, that leverages multiple simultaneously nulled baselines and advanced data analysis techniques to achieve high-precision nulling performance, en... | [
"photonic nulling interferometer",
"Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics system",
"multiple simultaneously nulled baselines",
"advanced data analysis techniques",
"high-precision nulling performance",
"faint off-axis sources",
"exoplanets",
"circumstellar material",
"angular separations",
... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Schneider, J., Dedieu, C., LeSidaner, P., Savalle, R. & Zolotukhin, I. Defining and cataloging exoplanets: the exoplanet.eu database.A&A532, A79 (2011).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201116713"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Fujii, Y. et al. Colors of... |
s41467-024-46133-x | Physics | Synthesis and superconductivity in yttrium-cerium hydrides at high pressures | Further increasing the critical temperature and/or decreasing the stabilized pressure are the general hopes for the hydride superconductors. Inspired by the low stabilized pressure associated with Ce 4 f electrons in superconducting cerium superhydride and the high critical temperature in yttrium superhydride, we carry... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Rare earth hydrides have been found to exhibit near room temperature superconductivity benefiting from the chemical pre-compression induced by the interaction between hydrogen and tetragen atoms [1] , [2] . A typical example among them is the experimental discoveries... | The core research idea is to explore the synthesis of Y0.5Ce0.5 alloy hydrides with the aim of achieving high-temperature superconductivity at modest pressures by combining the advantages of cerium hydrides, which can be stabilized at lower pressures, and yttrium hydrides, which exhibit higher critical temperatures. | [
"Y0.5Ce0.5 alloy hydrides",
"high-temperature superconductivity",
"cerium hydrides",
"yttrium hydrides",
"critical temperatures",
"modest pressures",
"synthesis",
"stabilization",
"superconducting materials",
"pressure stabilization",
"alloy hydride synthesis",
"superconductivity research",
... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Zurek, E. & Bi, T. High-temperature superconductivity in alkaline and rare earth polyhydrides at high pressure: a theoretical perspective.J. Chem. Phys.150, 050901 (2019).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.5079225"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Pickard, C. J., Err... |
s41467-023-41102-2 | Energy science and technology | Efficient and sustainable water electrolysis achieved by excess electron reservoir enabling charge replenishment to catalysts | Suppressing the oxidation of active-Ir(III) in IrO x catalysts is highly desirable to realize an efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis. Although charge replenishment from supports can be effective in preventing the oxidation of IrO x catalysts, most supports have inherently limited charg... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Since hydrogen energy has emerged as a viable alternative under the global environmental crisis due to its zero-emission nature [1] , [2] , researchers have devoted extensive efforts over the past several decades toward realizing carbon-free production of hydrogen [3... | This study proposes a novel support modification strategy for enhancing the activity and durability of Ir-based catalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) by introducing an excess electron reservoir (EER) composed of charged-oxygen groups (O⁻ and O₂⁻) on a metal oxide support, which stabilizes... | [
"support modification strategy",
"Ir-based catalysts",
"polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE)",
"excess electron reservoir (EER)",
"charged-oxygen groups",
"O⁻",
"O₂⁻",
"metal oxide support",
"Ir(III) species",
"charge replenishment",
"oxygen evolution reaction (OER)",
"catal... | [] |
s41467-020-20588-0 | Nanoscience and technology | Carbon nano-onion-mediated dual targeting of P-selectin and P-glycoprotein to overcome cancer drug resistance | The transmembrane P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pumps that efflux drugs are a major mechanism of cancer drug resistance. They are also important in protecting normal tissue cells from poisonous xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites. Here, we report a fucoidan-decorated silica-carbon nano-onion (FSCNO) hybrid nanoparticle that... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Resistance to chemotherapy or molecularly targeted therapies greatly impedes the efficacy of cancer treatments [1] , [2] . The drug-resistant cells can survive conventional cancer therapies and may cause tumor recurrence and/or development of distant metastases, whic... | The core research idea is to develop a tumor vasculature-targeted nanovesicle (FSCNO) that co-delivers a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor and a chemotherapeutic drug, enabling targeted inhibition of drug efflux pumps in multidrug-resistant tumor cells while minimizing systemic side effects through P-selectin-mediated ac... | [
"tumor vasculature-targeted nanovesicle",
"FSCNO",
"P-glycoprotein inhibitor",
"chemotherapeutic drug",
"multidrug-resistant tumor cells",
"systemic side effects",
"P-selectin-mediated active targeting",
"enhanced permeability and retention",
"EPR-mediated passive targeting",
"near-infrared",
"N... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Agarwal, R. & Kaye, S. B. Ovarian cancer: strategies for overcoming resistance to chemotherapy.Nat. Rev. Cancer3, 502–516 (2003).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrc1123"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Read, A. F., Day, T. & Huijben, S. The evolution of drug resist... |
s41467-022-31590-z | Optics and photonics | Add drop multiplexers for terahertz communications using two-wire waveguide-based plasmonic circuits | Terahertz (THz) band is considered to be the next frontier in wireless communications. The emerging THz multiplexing techniques are expected to dramatically increase the information capacity of THz communications far beyond a single channel limit. In this work, we explore the THz frequency-division multiplexing modalit... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "The global mobile data traffic is expected to reach 77.49 exabytes per month by the year 2022 [1] . According to the Shannon-Hartley theorem [2] , in the presence of noise, the maximal bit rate supported by the transmission channel is proportional to the available ba... | This research proposes the design, fabrication, and characterization of a four-port terahertz (THz) add-drop multiplexer (ADM) for frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) communications, utilizing plasmonic two-wire waveguides with integrated Bragg gratings and directional couplers, enabling spatial separation of add and... | [
"four-port terahertz add-drop multiplexer",
"frequency-division multiplexing communications",
"plasmonic two-wire waveguides",
"integrated Bragg gratings",
"directional couplers",
"120–160 GHz frequency range",
"broadband operation",
"tunability",
"THz fiber-based communication",
"wireless communi... | [
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Hartley, R. V. Transmission of information.Bell Syst. Tech. J.7, 535–563 (1928).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1538-7305.1928.tb01236.x"
},
{
"idx": "3.",
"title": "Niu, Y., Li, Y., Jin, D., Su, L. & Vasilakos, A. V. A survey of millimeter wave communication... |
ncomms6673 | Materials science | Carbon nanotube network-silicon oxide non-volatile switches | The integration of carbon nanotubes with silicon is important for their incorporation into next-generation nano-electronics. Here we demonstrate a non-volatile switch that utilizes carbon nanotube networks to electrically contact a conductive nanocrystal silicon filament in silicon dioxide. We form this device by biasi... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "As mobile electronic devices become more prevalent in society, the need for compact and densely packed non-volatile memory (NVM) continues to grow. As flash memory fast approaches its scaling and power limits [1] , [2] , other promising NVM technologies are being dev... | This research investigates the hypothesis that solution-deposited carbon nanotube (CNT) networks, using sp² hybridized carbon as contacts, can improve the performance and switching behavior of resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices by enabling thermally driven switching mechanisms—specifically through oxidation ... | [
"solution-deposited carbon nanotube networks",
"sp² hybridized carbon",
"resistive random access memory devices",
"thermally driven switching mechanisms",
"oxidation",
"low-resistive state",
"high-resistive state",
"transport measurements",
"Raman spectroscopy",
"self-consistent simulations",
"I... | [
{
"idx": "1",
"title": "Nishi, Y. Challenges and opportunities for future non-volatile memory technology.Curr. Appl. Phys.11, E101–E103 (2011).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cap.2011.01.022"
},
{
"idx": "2",
"title": "Pop, E. Energy dissipation and transport in nanoscale devices.Nan... |
s41467-021-22184-2 | Physics | An ecological approach to structural flexibility in online communication systems | Human cognitive abilities are limited resources. Today, in the age of cheap information—cheap to produce, to manipulate, to disseminate—this cognitive bottleneck translates into hypercompetition for rewarding outcomes among actors. These incentives push actors to mutualistically interact with specific memes, seeking th... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Our current experience of the accelerated stream of digital content [1] has exposed, in full range, the tight bio-cognitive limitations that we are subject to [2] , [3] . Their finiteness had not, in general, arisen in everyday communication processes: not in the pre... | This research proposes that online communication systems can be understood as mutualistic bipartite networks—where actors and memes compete within their own classes while engaging in mutually beneficial interactions—driven by four key dynamics: competition, mutualism, adaptation, and environmental influence, and it hyp... | [
"online communication systems",
"mutualistic bipartite networks",
"actors",
"memes",
"competition",
"mutualism",
"adaptation",
"environmental influence",
"structural flexibility",
"external events",
"modular architectures",
"nested architectures",
"optimisation processes",
"visibility"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Lorenz-Spreen, P., Mønsted, B. M., Hövel, P. & Lehmann, S. Accelerating dynamics of collective attention.Nat. Commun.10, 1759 (2019).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-019-09311-w"
},
{
"idx": "5.",
"title": "Fareri, D. S. & Delgado, M. R. Social rewards an... |
ncomms9182 | Materials science | Light-induced metal-like surface of silicon photonic waveguides | The surface of a material may exhibit physical phenomena that do not occur in the bulk of the material itself. For this reason, the behaviour of nanoscale devices is expected to be conditioned, or even dominated, by the nature of their surface. Here, we show that in silicon photonic nanowaveguides, massive surface carr... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "When the size of a device is reduced to the nanoscale, its behaviour may be strongly affected by physical effects localized at the surface [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , where phenomena not occurring in the bulk of the material may arise [6] . For instance, in semicon... | The core research idea is: This work proposes that surface-state absorption in silicon photonic waveguides generates a high density of free carriers at the surface, leading to a metal-like behavior that significantly influences the electrical and optical properties of nanoscale silicon waveguides, particularly in weakl... | [
"surface-state absorption",
"silicon photonic waveguides",
"free carriers",
"metal-like behavior",
"electrical properties",
"optical properties",
"nanoscale silicon waveguides",
"weakly doped regions",
"surface free-carrier absorption",
"linear optical loss mechanism",
"two-photon absorption",
... | [
{
"idx": "1",
"title": "Zhang, P. et al. Electronic transport in nanometre-scale silicon-on-insulator membranes.Nature439, 703–706 (2006).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04501"
},
{
"idx": "2",
"title": "Peng, W. et al. Probing the electronic structure at semiconductor surfaces u... |
s41467-024-46915-3 | Mathematics and computing | Neural étendue expander for ultra-wide-angle high-fidelity holographic display | Holographic displays can generate light fields by dynamically modulating the wavefront of a coherent beam of light using a spatial light modulator, promising rich virtual and augmented reality applications. However, the limited spatial resolution of existing dynamic spatial light modulators imposes a tight bound on the... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Holography is the science of creating vivid scenery through carefully crafted interference patterns. This discipline has applications across domains, especially in virtual and augmented reality devices [1] , [2] . While static holograms can be generated with a suitab... | The core research idea is to overcome the fundamental limitations in the étendue of holographic displays by introducing neural étendue expanders—static optical elements optimized through end-to-end learning with spatial light modulator (SLM) patterns across natural image datasets to enable ultra-wide-angle, high-fideli... | [
"holographic displays",
"étendue expanders",
"neural étendue expanders",
"static optical elements",
"end-to-end learning",
"spatial light modulator",
"SLM patterns",
"natural image datasets",
"ultra-wide-angle holograms",
"high-fidelity holograms",
"compact form factors",
"robustness",
"eye ... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Shi, L., Li, B., Kim, C., Kellnhofer, P. & Matusik, W. Towards real-time photorealistic 3d holography with deep neural networks.Nature591, 234–239 (2021).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-020-03152-0"
},
{
"idx": "3.",
"title": "Dorrah, A. H. et al. Light ... |
s41467-022-32299-9 | Astronomy and planetary science | Juno spacecraft gravity measurements provide evidence for normal modes of Jupiter | The Juno spacecraft has been collecting data to shed light on the planet’s origin and characterize its interior structure. The onboard gravity science experiment based on X-band and Ka-band dual-frequency Doppler tracking precisely measured Jupiter’s zonal gravitational field. Here, we analyze 22 Juno’s gravity passes ... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "The Juno spacecraft has been orbiting Jupiter in a highly eccentric, 53.5-day orbit since July 2016. After the 33rd perijove passage in April 2021 (labeled PJ33), the mission ended its prime mission and entered its extended mission. In the prime mission, the hemisphe... | This study proposes that internal oscillations, or normal modes, within Jupiter are responsible for unexplained accelerations observed in Juno spacecraft Doppler data, and demonstrates that temporal variations in Jupiter’s gravity field caused by these normal modes are consistent with the data, particularly showing a p... | [
"internal oscillations",
"normal modes",
"Juno spacecraft",
"Doppler data",
"temporal variations",
"Jupiter’s gravity field",
"peak radial velocity",
"p-modes regime",
"unexplained accelerations",
"physical phenomena"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Wahl, S. M. et al. Comparing Jupiter interior structure models to Juno gravity measurements and the role of a dilute core.Geophys. Res. Lett.44, 4649–4659 (2017).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2017GL073160"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Iess, L. et al. The measu... |
s41467-018-05669-5 | Optics and photonics | Multiplexed storage and real-time manipulation based on a multiple degree-of-freedom quantum memory | The faithful storage and coherent manipulation of quantum states with matter-systems would enable the realization of large-scale quantum networks based on quantum repeaters. To achieve useful communication rates, highly multimode quantum memories are required to construct a multiplexed quantum repeater. Here, we presen... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Large-scale quantum networks would enable long-distance quantum communication and optical quantum computing [1] , [2] , [3] . Due to the exponential photon loss in optical fibers [4] , quantum communication via ground-based optical fibers is currently limited to dist... | The core research idea is to experimentally realize a multiplexed quantum memory in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals that simultaneously operates across temporal, spectral, and spatial degrees of freedom, enabling on-demand storage and arbitrary real-time manipulation of single photons encoded in three-dimensional orbital... | [
"multiplexed quantum memory",
"rare-earth-ion-doped crystals",
"temporal degrees of freedom",
"spectral degrees of freedom",
"spatial degrees of freedom",
"on-demand storage",
"arbitrary real-time manipulation",
"single photons",
"three-dimensional orbital-angular-momentum states",
"high-capacity ... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Kimble, H. J. The quantum internet.Nature453, 1023–1030 (2008).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature07127"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Sangouard, M., Simon, C., de Riedmatten, H. & Gisin, N. Quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles and linear optics.Rev. Mo... |
s41467-019-10727-7 | Physics | Secure quantum remote state preparation of squeezed microwave states | Quantum communication protocols based on nonclassical correlations can be more efficient than known classical methods and offer intrinsic security over direct state transfer. In particular, remote state preparation aims at the creation of a desired and known quantum state at a remote location using classical communicat... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "In quantum technology, an efficient and secure exchange of quantum information between quantum nodes plays a crucial role [1] . One of the first protocols realizing such a task was quantum teleportation, where an unknown quantum state is safely transferred from one p... | This research proposes and experimentally demonstrates a deterministic continuous-variable remote state preparation protocol using propagating squeezed microwave states to enable secure quantum communication over short to medium distances, leveraging preshared entanglement and compatible superconducting technology for ... | [
"deterministic continuous-variable remote state preparation protocol",
"propagating squeezed microwave states",
"secure quantum communication",
"short to medium distances",
"preshared entanglement",
"superconducting technology",
"quantum processors",
"experimental demonstration",
"quantum communicat... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Cirac, J. I., Zoller, P., Kimble, H. J. & Mabuchi, H. Quantum state transfer and entanglement distribution among distant nodes in a quantum network.Phys. Rev. Lett.78, 3221 (1997).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.78.3221"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "... |
s41467-023-40378-8 | Mathematics and computing | COMPASS: joint copy number and mutation phylogeny reconstruction from amplicon single-cell sequencing data | Reconstructing the history of somatic DNA alterations can help understand the evolution of a tumor and predict its resistance to treatment. Single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNAseq) can be used to investigate clonal heterogeneity and to inform phylogeny reconstruction. However, most existing phylogenetic methods for scDNAs... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Intratumour heterogeneity plays a key role in the failure of targeted cancer therapies [1] . Obtaining a comprehensive picture of the clonal architecture and the mutational history of a patient’s tumour at the timepoint of diagnosis therefore offers great potential t... | The core research idea is to introduce COMPASS, a probabilistic model and inference algorithm that reconstructs the joint phylogeny of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number alterations (CNAs) from single-cell amplicon sequencing data by modeling amplicon-specific coverage fluctuations and efficiently proces... | [
"COMPASS",
"probabilistic model",
"inference algorithm",
"joint phylogeny",
"single-nucleotide variants",
"copy number alterations",
"single-cell amplicon sequencing data",
"amplicon-specific coverage fluctuations",
"high-throughput data",
"thousands of cells"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Mcgranahan, N. & Swanton, C. Clonal heterogeneity and tumor evolution: past, present, and the future.Cell168, 613–628 (2017).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2017.01.018"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Lasken, R. Genomic DNA amplification by the multiple dis... |
s41467-018-04613-x | Energy science and technology | Live cyanobacteria produce photocurrent and hydrogen using both the respiratory and photosynthetic systems | Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms perform solar energy conversion of water and CO 2 to O 2 and sugar at a broad range of wavelengths and light intensities. These cells also metabolize sugars using a respiratory system that functionally overlaps the photosynthetic apparatus. In this study, we describe the harvesting of ... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Cyanobacteria are a wide class of photosynthetic organisms that have been recently proposed as potential sources of materials (membranes, complexes) from which photoexcited electrons can be extracted to produce electrical current and renewable fuels [1] , [2] , [3] .... | The core research idea is to develop a bio-photoelectrochemical cell (BPEC) that enables live cyanobacteria to generate a significant photocurrent derived from both respiratory and photosynthetic electron flows, which is then used to produce molecular hydrogen on the cathode at a bias voltage of 0.65 V, without the nee... | [
"bio-photoelectrochemical cell",
"BPEC",
"cyanobacteria",
"photocurrent",
"respiratory electron flow",
"photosynthetic electron flow",
"molecular hydrogen",
"cathode",
"bias voltage",
"exogenous electron donors",
"mediators"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "McCormick, A. J. et al. Photosynthetic biofilms in pure culture harness solar energy in a mediatorless bio-photovoltaic cell (BPV) system.Energy Environ. Sci.4, 4699–4709 (2011).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fc1ee01965a"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Kaiser, B. ... |
s41467-023-35892-8 | Optics and photonics | Experimental realisations of the fractional Schrödinger equation in the temporal domain | The fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE)—a natural extension of the standard Schrödinger equation—is the basis of fractional quantum mechanics. It can be obtained by replacing the kinetic-energy operator with a fractional derivative. Here, we report the experimental realisation of an optical FSE for femtosecond laser ... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Fractional Schrödinger Equation (FSE) was originally introduced, as a quantum-mechanical model, by means of the Feynman-integral formalism for particles moving by Lévy flights [1] , [2] . This means that the average distance L of the randomly walking classical partic... | The core research idea is to experimentally realize the temporal fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE) in an optical system by transforming it into the frequency domain and applying a spectral phase shift that emulates a Lévy waveguide with an arbitrary Lévy index, enabling the observation of fractional wave dynamics s... | [
"temporal fractional Schrödinger equation",
"optical system",
"frequency domain",
"spectral phase shift",
"Lévy waveguide",
"Lévy index",
"fractional wave dynamics",
"solitary pulses",
"Airy modes",
"sub-Planck phenomena",
"single-shot pulse reconstruction",
"spatial-spectrum interferometry"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Laskin, N. Fractional quantum mechanics.Phys. Rev. E62, 3135 (2000).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevE.62.3135"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Laskin, N. Fractional quantum mechanics and Lévy path integrals.Phys. Lett. A268, 298–305 (2000).",
"link": "ht... |
s41467-019-12320-4 | Materials science | Direct imaging of structural disordering and heterogeneous dynamics of fullerene molecular liquid | Structural rearrangements govern the various properties of disordered systems and visualization of these dynamical processes can provide critical information on structural deformation and phase transformation of the systems. However, direct imaging of individual atoms or molecules in a disordered state is quite challen... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Disordered states of materials, such as supercooled liquid or glass, display peculiar non-equilibrium behavior and have been intensively investigated for decades [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] . Various glassy materials are widely used in industrial applications and consumer ... | The core research idea is to utilize a C₇₀ molecular system on graphene as a model system for studying supercooled liquid and glass at molecular resolution, enabling direct visualization and in-depth analysis of both structural and dynamical evolution, including spatially heterogeneous dynamics during the melting proce... | [
"C₇₀ molecular system",
"graphene",
"supercooled liquid",
"glass",
"molecular resolution",
"aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy",
"computational analysis",
"structural evolution",
"dynamical evolution",
"spatially heterogeneous dynamics",
"melting process"
] | [
{
"idx": "3.",
"title": "Debenedetti, P. G. & Stillinger, F. H. Supercooled liquids and the glass transition.Nature410, 259–267 (2001).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35065704"
},
{
"idx": "4.",
"title": "Richert, R. Heterogeneous dynamics in liquids: fluctuations in space and time.J. ... |
s41467-022-28920-6 | Nanoscience and technology | Bacteria eat nanoprobes for aggregation-enhanced imaging and killing diverse microorganisms | Currently optical-based techniques for in vivo microbial population imaging are limited by low imaging depth and highly light-scattering tissue; and moreover, are generally effective against only one specific group of bacteria. Here, we introduce an imaging and therapy strategy, in which different bacteria actively eat... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "The mammalian microbiomes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have lived in human bodies for millions of years and they have evolved with humans together. They can perceive changes of internal or external scenarios of human bodies, thus reflecting the ... | This research proposes a novel strategy for enhancing bacterial imaging and antibacterial therapy by designing glucose polymer-modified gold nanoparticles that are internalized by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, where they aggregate upon laser irradiation to produce significantly enhanced photoacoustic s... | [
"novel strategy",
"bacterial imaging",
"antibacterial therapy",
"glucose polymer-modified gold nanoparticles",
"Gram-positive bacteria",
"Gram-negative bacteria",
"laser irradiation",
"photoacoustic signals",
"antibacterial activity",
"in vivo imaging",
"bacterial infections",
"biological envi... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Bourdeau, R. et al. Acoustic reporter genes for noninvasive imaging of microorganisms in mammalian hosts.Nature553, 86–90 (2018).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature25021"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Geller, L. T. et al. Potential role of intratumor bacteria ... |
s41467-022-30478-2 | Physics | Complex dynamics in a synchronized cell-free genetic clock | Complex dynamics such as period doubling and chaos occur in a wide variety of non-linear dynamical systems. In the context of biological circadian clocks, such phenomena have been previously found in computational models, but their experimental study in biological systems has been challenging. Here, we present experime... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Across biological kingdoms, organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, insects, and humans, regulate their day-night cycle with a circadian clock [1] , [2] . The ability to measure time is presumed to have concrete evolutionary advantages [2] . In humans, malfuncti... | The core research idea is to investigate the synchronization of a cell-free genetic oscillator to an external zeitgeber signal using a microfluidic reactor, with the hypothesis that varying the ratio of the input period to the intrinsic oscillator period can induce non-linear phenomena such as period doubling and poten... | [
"cell-free genetic oscillator",
"external zeitgeber signal",
"microfluidic reactor",
"input period",
"intrinsic oscillator period",
"non-linear phenomena",
"period doubling",
"chaos",
"experimental manipulation",
"computational modeling"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Lakin-Thomas, P. L. Circadian rhythms: new functions for old clock genes.Trends Genet.16, 135–142 (2000).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-9525%2899%2901945-9"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Dodd, A. N. et al. Plant circadian clocks increase photosynthesis, gr... |
s41467-024-53343-w | Physics | Orbital-selective effect of spin reorientation on the Dirac fermions in a non-charge-ordered kagome ferromagnet Fe3Ge | Kagome magnets provide a fascinating platform for the realization of correlated topological quantum phases under various magnetic ground states. However, the effect of the magnetic spin configurations on the characteristic electronic structure of the kagome-lattice layer remains elusive. Here, utilizing angle-resolved ... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "The entanglement of multiple degrees of freedom, including spin, charge, and lattice, is widely believed to be responsible for the rich phase diagrams in correlated systems, where the various ordered phases being closely adjacent to each other allow the continuous tu... | The core research idea is to investigate the orbital-selective effects of spin reorientation on Dirac fermions and the absence of charge-density wave instabilities in the kagome ferromagnet Fe₃Ge, in order to elucidate the interplay between magnetism, electronic structure, and quantum phenomena in magnetic kagome metal... | [
"orbital-selective effects",
"spin reorientation",
"Dirac fermions",
"charge-density wave instabilities",
"kagome ferromagnet",
"Fe₃Ge",
"magnetism",
"electronic structure",
"quantum phenomena",
"magnetic kagome metals"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Keimer, B., Kivelson, S., Norman, M., Uchida, S. & Zaanen, J. From quantum matter to high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides.Nature518, 179–186 (2015).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature14165"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Fernandes, R. M. et al. I... |
s41467-024-52893-3 | Energy science and technology | Tuneable mesoporous silica material for hydrogen storage application via nano-confined clathrate hydrate construction | Safe storage and utilisation of hydrogen is an ongoing area of research, showing potential to enable hydrogen becoming an effective fuel, substituting current carbon-based sources. Hydrogen storage is associated with a high energy cost due to its low density and boiling point, which drives a high price. Clathrates (gas... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "The worldwide increase in energy consumption drives the science and engineering communities to engage in a quest for the “ideal” energy source. Energy can be stored in four specific forms, i.e. nuclear fuel, mechanical energy, in systems that incorporate electric or ... | This study proposes that modifying the surface hydrophobicity of a hybrid silica material with phenethyl groups can enable the formation of hydrogen clathrate hydrates under reduced pressure conditions, potentially paving the way for new hybrid materials capable of storing sufficient hydrogen in multiple sites under mo... | [
"surface hydrophobicity",
"hybrid silica material",
"phenethyl groups",
"hydrogen clathrate hydrates",
"reduced pressure conditions",
"hydrogen storage",
"multiple sites",
"practical conditions",
"affordable conditions",
"material modification",
"hydrogen applications",
"hybrid materials",
"... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Schlapbach, L. & Züttel, A. Hydrogen-storage materials for mobile applications.Nature414, 353–358 (2001).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35104634"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Rahman, A., Farrok, O. & Haque, M. M. Environmental impact of renewable energy source ... |
s41467-020-19199-6 | Energy science and technology | Methylamine-assisted growth of uniaxial-oriented perovskite thin films with millimeter-sized grains | Defects from grain interiors and boundaries of perovskite films cause significant nonradiative recombination energy loss, and thus perovskite films with controlled crystallinity and large grains is critical for improvement of both photovoltaic performance and stability for perovskite-based solar cells. Here, a methylam... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites—such as MAPbX 3 (X = I − , Br − , or Cl − )—have attracted increasing attention as light-harvesting materials in low-cost and high-efficiency photovoltaic devices due to their solution processability and excellent optical and elec... | This research proposes a modified methylamine-induced defect-healing (MIDH) method that enables the controlled nucleation and crystallization of MAPbI₃ perovskite films through the regulated release of methylamine gas, resulting in highly crystalline, (110)-uniaxially oriented films with millimeter-sized grains, signif... | [
"modified methylamine-induced defect-healing method",
"methylamine gas",
"MAPbI₃ perovskite films",
"controlled nucleation",
"crystallization",
"(110)-uniaxial orientation",
"millimeter-sized grains",
"trap density reduction",
"enhanced carrier lifetime",
"high-efficiency perovskite solar cells",
... | [] |
s41467-018-06842-6 | Materials science | Engineering bacterial vortex lattice via direct laser lithography | A suspension of swimming bacteria is possibly the simplest realization of active matter, i.e. a class of systems transducing stored energy into mechanical motion. Collective swimming of hydrodynamically interacting bacteria resembles turbulent flow. This seemingly chaotic motion can be rectified by a geometrical confin... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Hydrodynamic turbulence is associated with high Reynolds numbers (Re ≥ 5 × 10 3 ) and domination of inertia over viscous forces. Swimming microorganisms, such as common motile bacteria Bacillus subtilis or Escherichia coli , live in an exceedingly low Reynolds number... | The core research idea is to investigate how geometric confinement imposed by periodic arrays of microscopic pillars influences the self-organization of bacterial turbulence into vortex lattices with controllable magnetic-like order, specifically demonstrating that chiral pillars can direct the formation of stable, lon... | [
"geometric confinement",
"periodic arrays",
"microscopic pillars",
"bacterial turbulence",
"self-organization",
"vortex lattices",
"magnetic-like order",
"chiral pillars",
"stable vortex arrays",
"long-range-ordered vortex arrays",
"pendant drop system"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Volfson, D., Cookson, S., Hasty, J. & Tsimring, L. S. Biomechanical ordering of dense cell populations.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA105, 15346–15351 (2008).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0706805105"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Zhang, H.-P., Beer, A., Florin, ... |
s41467-021-25447-0 | Optics and photonics | Measuring dimensionality and purity of high-dimensional entangled states | High-dimensional entangled states are promising candidates for increasing the security and encoding capacity of quantum systems. While it is possible to witness and set bounds for the entanglement, precisely quantifying the dimensionality and purity in a fast and accurate manner remains an open challenge. Here, we repo... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "High-dimensional entangled states are widely used throughout quantum science to increase secure information bandwidth and security bounds for quantum communication [1] . Through the precise control of high-dimensional photonic states [2] , i.e., time–energy, transver... | This work proposes a scheme to simultaneously and accurately quantify the dimensionality and purity of high-dimensional bi-photon entangled states, even in the presence of noise, by measuring coincidence fringes from carefully crafted projective measurements, enabling robust and scalable characterization of entangled s... | [
"scheme",
"dimensionality",
"purity",
"high-dimensional bi-photon entangled states",
"noise",
"coincidence fringes",
"projective measurements",
"robust characterization",
"scalable characterization",
"quantum communication protocols"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Cozzolino, D., DaLio, B., Bacco, D. & Oxenløwe, L. K. High-dimensional quantum communication: benefits, progress, and future challenges.Adv. Quantum Technol.2, 1900038 (2019).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fqute.201900038"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Erhard, M.... |
s41467-018-04079-x | Physics | Blackbody radiation shift assessment for a lutetium ion clock | The accuracy of state-of-the-art atomic clocks is derived from the insensitivity of narrow optical atomic resonances to environmental perturbations. Two such resonances in singly ionized lutetium have been identified with potentially lower sensitivities compared to other clock candidates. Here we report measurement of ... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Development of stable and accurate time standards has historically been an important driver of both fundamental science and applied technologies. The recent decade has seen phenomenal progress in atomic clocks based on optical transitions such that several systems no... | This research aims to experimentally determine the differential scalar polarizabilities and assess the blackbody radiation shifts for the two candidate clock transitions in singly ionized lutetium (¹S₀ ↔ ³D₁ and ¹S₀ ↔ ³D₂) to evaluate their suitability as high-precision optical frequency standards, particularly focusin... | [
"differential scalar polarizabilities",
"blackbody radiation shifts",
"clock transitions",
"singly ionized lutetium",
"¹S₀ ↔ ³D₁ transition",
"¹S₀ ↔ ³D₂ transition",
"high-precision optical frequency standards",
"fractional BBR shifts",
"atomic properties",
"experimental determination",
"optical... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Nicholson, T. L. et al. Systematic evaluation of an atomic clock at 2×10−18total uncertainty.Nat. Commun.6, 6896 (2015).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms7896"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Huntemann, N., Sanner, C., Lipphardt, B., Tamm, C. & Peik, E. Single-... |
s41467-020-15240-w | Mathematics and computing | Playing games with multiple access channels | Communication networks have multiple users, each sending and receiving messages. A multiple access channel (MAC) models multiple senders transmitting to a single receiver, such as the uplink from many mobile phones to a single base station. The optimal performance of a MAC is quantified by a capacity region of simultan... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Information theory is the mathematical theory of communication and signal processing pioneered by Shannon [1] . In network communication settings, the simplest model is a multiple access channel (MAC), where two spatially separated senders aim to transmit individual ... | This research investigates how entanglement assistance fundamentally alters the capacity region of classical multiple access channels (MACs), demonstrating that shared entanglement between senders can strictly increase the achievable information transmission rates, that unbounded entanglement may be required for optima... | [
"entanglement assistance",
"classical multiple access channels",
"shared entanglement",
"information transmission rates",
"unbounded entanglement",
"optimal performance",
"achievable rates",
"entanglement-assisted MACs",
"unassisted MACs",
"undecidability",
"NP-hardness",
"network communicatio... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Shannon, C. E. A mathematical theory of communication.Bell Syst. Tech. J.27, 379–423 (1948).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x"
},
{
"idx": "4.",
"title": "Bennett, C. H. & Wiesner, S. J. Communication via one- and two-particle operators... |
s41467-018-06477-7 | Optics and photonics | Fundamental limits and non-reciprocal approaches in non-Hermitian quantum sensing | Unconventional properties of non-Hermitian systems, such as the existence of exceptional points, have recently been suggested as a resource for sensing. The impact of noise and utility in quantum regimes however remains unclear. In this work, we analyze the parametric-sensing properties of linear coupled-mode systems t... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Among the most powerful and ubiquitous measurement techniques is dispersive measurement, where a parameter of interest shifts the frequency of a resonant electromagnetic mode. Dispersive measurement is used in a myriad of tasks, including in settings where quantum no... | This paper investigates whether non-Hermitian sensing methods, particularly those involving exceptional points, can enhance the sensitivity of dispersive measurements in the weak regime where frequency shifts are small, by analyzing the full measurement process including the effects of eigenvector parameter dependence,... | [
"non-Hermitian sensing methods",
"exceptional points",
"dispersive measurements",
"weak regime",
"frequency shifts",
"eigenvector parameter dependence",
"noise",
"nonreciprocity",
"signal power",
"signal-to-noise ratio",
"classical regime",
"quantum regime"
] | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Vollmer, F. et al. Protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity.Appl. Phys. Lett.80, 4057 (2002).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1482797"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Vollmer, F., Arnold, S. & Keng, D. Single virus detection from the reactive s... |
ncomms3013 | Physics | Lagrangian scale of particle dispersion in turbulence | Transport of mass, heat and momentum in turbulent flows by far exceeds that in stable laminar fluid motions. As turbulence is a state of a flow dominated by a hierarchy of scales, it is not clear which of these scales mostly affects particle dispersion. Also, it is not uncommon that turbulence coexists with coherent vo... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "In problems such as spreading of plankton in the ocean, transport of pollutants in the atmosphere, mixing of fluids or rain initiation in clouds, the understanding of statistical properties of Lagrangian trajectories in turbulence is crucial.The relationship between ... | The core research idea is to investigate whether the Lagrangian integral scale in two-dimensional turbulence is determined by the most coherent scale rather than the energy-containing scale, and how this affects the diffusivity and statistical properties of particle dispersion in both ballistic and diffusive regimes. | [
"Lagrangian integral scale",
"two-dimensional turbulence",
"coherent scale",
"energy-containing scale",
"diffusivity",
"statistical properties",
"particle dispersion",
"ballistic regime",
"diffusive regime"
] | [
{
"idx": "2",
"title": "Toschi, F. & Bodenschatz, E. Lagrangian properties of particles in turbulence.Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.41, 375–404 (2009).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.fluid.010908.165210"
},
{
"idx": "3",
"title": "Mordant, N. Metz, P. Michel, O. & Pinton, J. -F. Measur... |
s41467-017-00022-8 | Physics | Characterizing rare fluctuations in soft particulate flows | Soft particulate media include a wide range of systems involving athermal dissipative particles both in non-living and biological materials. Characterization of flows of particulate media is of great practical and theoretical importance. A fascinating feature of these systems is the existence of a critical rigidity tra... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Large fluctuations are a distinguishing feature of soft particulate flows, like flows of granular media [1] , [2] , bubbles and foams [3] , and in living matter such as biological tissues [4] , [5] . Very dense systems are in a jammed state. They only move in respons... | The core research idea is to investigate the statistics of rare, large fluctuations in soft particulate flows—where the injected power takes negative values due to either reversed shear stress or velocity gradient—and to establish a modified fluctuation relation that defines an effective temperature for these far-from-... | [
"soft particulate flows",
"rare large fluctuations",
"injected power",
"negative values",
"reversed shear stress",
"velocity gradient",
"modified fluctuation relation",
"effective temperature",
"far-from-equilibrium systems",
"soft particulate media",
"foams",
"granular materials",
"emulsion... | [
{
"idx": "2",
"title": "Peng, G. & Hermann, H. J. Density waved and 1/fdensity fluctuations in granular flows.Phys. Rev. E51, 3 (1995).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevE.51.1745"
},
{
"idx": "3",
"title": "Durian, D. J. Foam mechanics at the bubble scale.Phys. Rev. Lett.75, 26 (1... |
s41467-024-49287-w | Physics | Exponential concentration in quantum kernel methods | Kernel methods in Quantum Machine Learning (QML) have recently gained significant attention as a potential candidate for achieving a quantum advantage in data analysis. Among other attractive properties, when training a kernel-based model one is guaranteed to find the optimal model’s parameters due to the convexity of ... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Quantum machine learning (QML) has generated tremendous amounts of excitement, but it is important not to over-hype its potential. On the one hand, a family of impressive results have recently established a provable separation between the power of classical and quant... | The core research idea is to demonstrate that quantum kernel methods, despite their promise for achieving a practical quantum advantage in machine learning, can suffer from an exponential concentration of kernel values—where the estimated kernel becomes independent of the input data due to the difficulty of extracting ... | [
"quantum kernel methods",
"practical quantum advantage",
"machine learning",
"exponential concentration",
"kernel values",
"input data",
"Hilbert spaces",
"model",
"qubits",
"polynomial number",
"measurement shots",
"expressivity",
"entanglement",
"noise",
"problem-inspired embeddings",
... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Biamonte, J. et al. Quantum machine learning.Nature549, 195 (2017).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature23474"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Huang, H.-Y. et al. Quantum advantage in learning from experiments.Science376, 1182 (2022).",
"link": "https://doi.or... |
ncomms7299 | Nanoscience and technology | Silicon-chip mid-infrared frequency comb generation | Optical frequency combs are a revolutionary light source for high-precision spectroscopy because of their narrow linewidths and precise frequency spacing. Generation of such combs in the mid-infrared spectral region (2–20 μm) is important for molecular gas detection owing to the presence of a large number of absorption... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Optical frequency combs are coherent light sources consisting of discrete lines that are equally spaced in frequency. Mid-infrared comb sources in particular have proved promising for spectroscopy as their broad bandwidth and narrow frequency linewidths make them ide... | The core research idea is to overcome the challenges of high linear and nonlinear losses in silicon microresonators to demonstrate a proof-of-principle on-chip integrated mid-infrared frequency comb source using a silicon microresonator, which would enable robust, compact, and CMOS-compatible comb generation in the mid... | [
"silicon microresonators",
"high linear losses",
"nonlinear losses",
"on-chip integrated mid-infrared frequency comb source",
"CMOS-compatible comb generation",
"mid-infrared",
"portable atmospheric sensing",
"monolithic integration",
"photonic components",
"proof-of-principle"
] | [
{
"idx": "1",
"title": "Schliesser, A., Picqué, N. & Hänsch, T. W. Mid-infrared frequency combs.Nat. Photonics6, 440–449 (2012).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnphoton.2012.142"
},
{
"idx": "2",
"title": "Maddaloni, P. et al. Mid-infrared fibre-based optical comb.New J. Phys.8, 262 (20... |
s41467-023-42381-5 | Nanoscience and technology | Metasurface-empowered snapshot hyperspectral imaging with convex/deep (CODE) small-data learning theory | Hyperspectral imaging is vital for material identification but traditional systems are bulky, hindering the development of compact systems. While previous metasurfaces address volume issues, the requirements of complicated fabrication processes and significant footprint still limit their applications. This work reports... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Optical imaging technology utilizes light to reproduce the form of objects via 2D images. In addition to spatial information, spectral imagers can provide more insights by introducing an additional dimension into 2D color images. Thus, they have become vital systems ... | The core research idea is to propose and experimentally demonstrate a low-profile snapshot hyperspectral imager that integrates a multi-wavelength off-axis focusing meta-mirror (MOFM) based on multi-resonant plasmonic meta-atoms with a novel small-data learning theory called CODE—combining convex optimization and deep ... | [
"low-profile snapshot hyperspectral imager",
"multi-wavelength off-axis focusing meta-mirror",
"MOFM",
"multi-resonant plasmonic meta-atoms",
"CODE",
"small-data learning theory",
"convex optimization",
"deep learning",
"18-band hyperspectral data cube",
"4-band multispectral images",
"single sh... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Goetz, A. F., Vane, G., Solomon, J. E. & Rock, B. N. Imaging spectrometry for earth remote sensing.Science228, 1147–1153 (1985).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.228.4704.1147"
},
{
"idx": "3.",
"title": "Garini, Y., Young, I. T. & McNamara, G. Spectral i... |
s41467-024-46342-4 | Energy science and technology | Supramolecular catalyst with [FeCl4] unit boosting photoelectrochemical seawater splitting via water nucleophilic attack pathway | Propelled by the structure of water oxidation co-catalysts in natural photosynthesis, molecular co-catalysts have long been believed to possess the developable potential in artificial photosynthesis. However, the interfacial complexity between light absorber and molecular co-catalyst limits its structural stability and... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Natural photosynthesis inspires us to utilize sunlight to address the energy and environmental crisis. In natural photosynthesis, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the core reaction, in which the light absorber of chlorophyll is connected to the water oxidation ... | This research proposes that incorporating an [FeCl4] active unit into a supramolecular polymer matrix (such as polythiophene, polyaniline, or polypyrrole) via a simple in-situ chemical polymerization strategy can effectively address the interfacial challenges between light absorbers and molecular catalysts in artificia... | [
"[FeCl4] active unit",
"supramolecular polymer matrix",
"polythiophene",
"polyaniline",
"polypyrrole",
"in-situ chemical polymerization",
"artificial photosynthesis",
"light absorbers",
"molecular catalysts",
"charge transfer efficiency",
"charge carrier lifetime",
"surface reaction kinetics",... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Berardi, S. et al. Molecular artificial photosynthesis.Chem. Soc. Rev.43, 7501–7519 (2014).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1039%2FC3CS60405E"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Ye, S. et al. Water Oxidation Catalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis.Adv. Mater.31, e1902069 (201... |
s41467-018-04304-7 | Physics | Symmetry mismatch-driven perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for perovskite/brownmillerite heterostructures | Grouping different transition metal oxides together by interface engineering is an important route toward emergent phenomenon. While most of the previous works focused on the interface effects in perovskite/perovskite heterostructures, here we reported on a symmetry mismatch-driven spin reorientation toward perpendicul... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are known for their exotic properties stemming from strongly competitive mechanisms, such as ferromagnetic (FM) double exchange versus antiferromagnetic (AFM) superexchange, charge ordering vs. electron delocalization, electronic homoge... | The core research idea is to explore the potential of symmetry engineering in perovskite/brownmillerite (P/B) heterostructures, specifically through the atomic-level controlled fabrication of LSMO/LCO interfaces, to induce emergent phenomena such as strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and other novel physical beha... | [
"symmetry engineering",
"perovskite/brownmillerite heterostructures",
"atomic-level controlled fabrication",
"LSMO/LCO interfaces",
"perpendicular magnetic anisotropy",
"emergent phenomena",
"symmetry mismatch",
"interfacial reconstruction",
"structurally distinct oxides",
"novel physical behavior... | [
{
"idx": "1.",
"title": "Imada, M., Fujimori, A. & Tokura, Y. Metal-insulator transitions.Rev. Mod. Phys.70, 1309–1263 (1998).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.70.1039"
},
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Tokura, Y. Critical features of colossal magnetoresistive manganites.Rep. Prog. ... |
s41467-020-16057-3 | Optics and photonics | Electronic-photonic arithmetic logic unit for high-speed computing | The past two decades have witnessed the stagnation of the clock speed of microprocessors followed by the recent faltering of Moore’s law as nanofabrication technology approaches its unavoidable physical limit. Vigorous efforts from various research areas have been made to develop power-efficient and ultrafast computing... | [
{
"section": "Introduction",
"content": "The breakdown of Dennard scaling in the early 2000s, when the features began to shrink below around 90 nm, led to the stagnation of the maximum clock frequency up to a few GHz due to the overwhelming heat [1] , [2] . Since then, the industry has started to focus on m... | This research proposes a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-based electronic-photonic arithmetic logic unit (EPALU) that leverages the unique advantages of integrated photonics—such as higher speed, lower power consumption, and novel multiplexing techniques—to overcome the fundamental limitations of traditional tra... | [
"wavelength division multiplexing",
"WDM",
"electronic-photonic arithmetic logic unit",
"EPALU",
"integrated photonics",
"higher speed",
"lower power consumption",
"novel multiplexing techniques",
"transistor-based computing",
"electronic-photonic computing",
"tens of GHz operation",
"energy e... | [
{
"idx": "2.",
"title": "Waldrop, M. More than Moore.Nature530, 145 (2016).",
"link": "https://doi.org/10.1038%2F530144a"
},
{
"idx": "4.",
"title": "Thompson, S. E. & Parthasarathy, S. Moore’s law: the future of Si microelectronics.Mater. Today9, 20–25 (2006).",
"link": "https://doi.org... |
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