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STEP 1
Semaglutide
Wegovy
2.4mg weekly
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
1,961
68
Weight loss at 68 weeks
14.9
2.4
33.7 lbs
86%
69%
50%
32%
null
4.9 mmHg systolic BP reduction; improved cardiometabolic markers
2,021
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
Novo Nordisk
Adults with BMI 30+ or 27+ with comorbidity without diabetes
Landmark semaglutide weight loss trial; established 14.9% TBWL benchmark
STEP 2
Semaglutide
Wegovy
2.4mg weekly
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
1,210
68
Weight loss at 68 weeks
9.6
3.4
null
null
null
null
null
1.60%
Significant A1C reduction in T2D patients; lower TBWL vs STEP 1 due to T2D population
2,021
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa2107134
Novo Nordisk
Adults with BMI 27+ and type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes subpopulation; lower %TBWL due to metabolic differences
STEP 3
Semaglutide
Wegovy
2.4mg weekly + intensive behavioral therapy
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
611
68
Weight loss at 68 weeks
16
5.7
null
null
null
null
null
null
Combination with intensive behavioral therapy showed highest TBWL in STEP program
2,021
JAMA
10.1001/jama.2021.3224
Novo Nordisk
Adults with BMI 30+ or 27+ with comorbidity without diabetes
Behavioral therapy arm; highest TBWL in STEP program at 16%
STEP 4
Semaglutide
Wegovy
2.4mg weekly then withdrawal
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
803
68
Weight regain after discontinuation
Regain of 6.9% (vs loss maintained)
Regained 11.6%
null
null
null
null
null
null
Patients who stopped regained ~2/3 of lost weight within 1 year; continuing maintained losses
2,021
JAMA
10.1001/jama.2021.9836
Novo Nordisk
Adults who lost weight on semaglutide for 20 weeks then randomized to continue or stop
Withdrawal trial; established chronic disease model of GLP-1 therapy
STEP 5
Semaglutide
Wegovy
2.4mg weekly
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
304
104
Weight loss at 104 weeks (2 years)
15.2
2.6
null
null
null
null
null
null
Durable weight loss maintained over 2 years
2,022
Nature Medicine
10.1038/s41591-022-02026-4
Novo Nordisk
Adults with BMI 30+ or 27+ with comorbidity without diabetes
2-year durability trial; confirmed long-term efficacy
STEP 6
Semaglutide
Wegovy
2.4mg weekly
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
401
68
Weight loss at 68 weeks
13.2
2.1
null
null
null
null
null
null
Asian population; lower starting BMI; significant weight loss in lower-BMI patients
2,022
The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology
10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00210-5
Novo Nordisk
East Asian adults with BMI 27.5+ or 25+ with comorbidity
East Asian population subgroup; significant efficacy at lower BMI thresholds
STEP 7
Semaglutide
Wegovy
2.4mg weekly
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
228
44
Weight loss at 44 weeks
15.8
0.4
null
null
null
null
null
null
Non-diabetic Japanese and Korean patients; significant weight loss at lower BMI thresholds
2,022
The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology
10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00228-2
Novo Nordisk
Japanese and Korean adults with obesity without diabetes
Japanese and Korean population; 15.8% TBWL; lower BMI threshold of 25kg/m2 with comorbidity
STEP 8
Semaglutide vs Liraglutide
Wegovy vs Saxenda
2.4mg weekly vs 3mg daily
GLP-1 receptor agonist (both)
Phase 3b
338
68
Head-to-head weight loss comparison
15.8 (sema) vs 6.4 (lira)
null
null
86% vs 55%
70% vs 34%
55% vs 13%
38% vs 6%
null
Semaglutide produced 2.5x greater weight loss than liraglutide; head-to-head comparison
2,022
JAMA
10.1001/jama.2021.23128
Novo Nordisk
Adults with BMI 30+ or 27+ with comorbidity without diabetes
Head-to-head vs liraglutide; semaglutide clearly superior
STEP HFpEF
Semaglutide
Wegovy
2.4mg weekly
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
529
52
Heart failure symptoms and 6-minute walk distance
13.3
2.6
null
null
null
null
null
null
7.8 point KCCQ improvement (heart failure symptoms); 17.1m improvement in 6-minute walk
2,023
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa2307447
Novo Nordisk
Adults with obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
First trial showing GLP-1 benefit in HFpEF; major cardiovascular indication
SELECT
Semaglutide
Wegovy
2.4mg weekly
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
17,604
208
Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)
9.4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
20% reduction in MACE (cardiovascular death + non-fatal MI + non-fatal stroke); HR 0.80
2,023
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa2307447
Novo Nordisk
Adults with obesity and established cardiovascular disease without diabetes
Landmark cardiovascular outcomes trial; 17,604 participants across 45 countries
SURMOUNT-1
Tirzepatide
Zepbound
5mg/10mg/15mg weekly
Dual GIP + GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
2,539
72
Weight loss at 72 weeks
15.0 (5mg) / 19.5 (10mg) / 20.9 (15mg)
3.1
52.3 lbs (15mg avg)
null
null
null
null
null
Dose-dependent weight loss; 57% of patients lost 20%+ body weight at 15mg
2,022
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa2206038
Eli Lilly
Adults with BMI 30+ or 27+ with comorbidity without diabetes
Landmark tirzepatide trial; 20.9% TBWL at 15mg was unprecedented at publication
SURMOUNT-2
Tirzepatide
Zepbound
10mg/15mg weekly
Dual GIP + GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
938
72
Weight loss at 72 weeks
13.4 (10mg) / 15.7 (15mg)
3.3
null
null
null
null
null
2.40%
Significant A1C reduction alongside weight loss in T2D population
2,023
The Lancet
10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01200-X
Eli Lilly
Adults with BMI 27+ and type 2 diabetes
T2D population; significant efficacy even in metabolically compromised patients
SURMOUNT-3
Tirzepatide
Zepbound
10mg/15mg weekly following lifestyle intervention
Dual GIP + GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
579
72
Weight loss following 12-week intensive lifestyle intervention lead-in
18.4 (10mg) / 20.9 (15mg) additional
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
Additional 18-21% TBWL on top of lifestyle-induced losses; total from baseline ~26%
2,023
Nature Medicine
10.1038/s41591-023-02519-8
Eli Lilly
Adults with BMI 30+ or 27+ with comorbidity following intensive lifestyle intervention
Lifestyle intervention lead-in; highest total weight loss across any tirzepatide trial
SURMOUNT-4
Tirzepatide
Zepbound
15mg weekly then withdrawal
Dual GIP + GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
670
88
Weight regain after discontinuation
21.1% maintained vs 14.8% regained at withdrawal
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
Patients who stopped regained 14.8% body weight in 52 weeks; continuing maintained 21.1% loss
2,024
JAMA
10.1001/jama.2024.0546
Eli Lilly
Adults who achieved weight loss on tirzepatide then randomized to continue or placebo
Confirms chronic disease model; weight regain after stopping is significant
SURMOUNT-5
Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide
Zepbound vs Wegovy
15mg vs 2.4mg weekly
Dual GIP+GLP-1 vs GLP-1 only
Phase 3b
751
72
Head-to-head weight loss comparison
20.2 (tirz) vs 13.7 (sema)
null
50.3 lbs (tirz) vs 33.1 lbs (sema)
null
null
null
null
null
47% greater relative weight loss with tirzepatide; definitive head-to-head trial
2,025
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa2410685
Eli Lilly
Adults with BMI 30+ or 27+ with comorbidity without diabetes
Definitive head-to-head; tirzepatide clearly superior for weight loss
SURMOUNT-OSA
Tirzepatide
Zepbound
10mg/15mg weekly
Dual GIP + GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
469
52
Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) reduction
18.0 (non-PAP) / 19.6 (PAP) TBWL
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
63% reduction in apnea-hypopnea index; first medication approved for sleep apnea indication
2,024
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa2400006
Eli Lilly
Adults with obesity and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea
Led to FDA approval of Zepbound for obstructive sleep apnea June 2024
SCALE
Liraglutide
Saxenda
3mg daily
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
3,731
56
Weight loss at 56 weeks
8.4
2.5
18.5 lbs
63%
33%
14%
null
0.40%
63% of patients lost 5%+ body weight; established liraglutide for weight management
2,015
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa1411892
Novo Nordisk
Adults with BMI 30+ or 27+ with comorbidity without diabetes
Predecessor to STEP program; established GLP-1 weight loss trial framework
LEADER
Liraglutide
Victoza
1.8mg daily
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
9,340
208
Major adverse cardiovascular events
4.7 (not primary endpoint)
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
13% reduction in MACE; HR 0.87 (p=0.01 for superiority); first GLP-1 cardiovascular outcomes trial
2,016
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa1603827
Novo Nordisk
Adults with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk
First GLP-1 cardiovascular outcomes trial showing benefit
FLOW
Semaglutide
Ozempic
1mg weekly
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
3,533
208
Kidney disease progression and cardiovascular death
Not primary endpoint
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
24% reduction in kidney disease progression; 18% reduction in cardiovascular death
2,024
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa2403347
Novo Nordisk
Adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
First GLP-1 trial with kidney disease as primary endpoint
SURPASS-2
Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide
Mounjaro vs Ozempic
5mg/10mg/15mg vs 1mg weekly (diabetes doses)
Dual GIP+GLP-1 vs GLP-1 only
Phase 3
1,879
40
A1C reduction and weight loss in T2D
7.8 (5mg) / 10.3 (10mg) / 12.4 (15mg) vs 6.2 (sema)
null
null
null
null
null
null
2.0-2.3% vs 1.9%
Superior A1C reduction and weight loss vs semaglutide 1mg in T2D patients
2,021
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa2107519
Eli Lilly
Adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin
Head-to-head in T2D at diabetes doses; tirzepatide superior on both A1C and weight
OASIS 1
Oral Semaglutide
Rybelsus (high dose)
50mg daily oral
GLP-1 receptor agonist (oral)
Phase 3
667
68
Weight loss at 68 weeks
15.1
2.4
null
null
null
null
null
null
Oral semaglutide 50mg produced comparable weight loss to injectable Wegovy
2,023
The Lancet
10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01185-6
Novo Nordisk
Adults with BMI 30+ or 27+ with comorbidity without diabetes
High-dose oral semaglutide; 15.1% TBWL comparable to injectable form
ATTAIN
Orforglipron
Foundayo
36mg/45mg daily oral
Small-molecule oral GLP-1 receptor agonist
Phase 3
1,931
40
Weight loss at 40 weeks
7.9 (36mg) / 8.6 (45mg)
1.5
null
null
null
null
null
1.50%
First non-peptide oral GLP-1 to show significant weight loss in Phase 3 trial
2,025
New England Journal of Medicine
10.1056/NEJMoa2502292
Eli Lilly
Adults with BMI 30+ or 27+ with comorbidity without diabetes
First non-peptide oral GLP-1; approved as Foundayo May 2025

GLP-1 Clinical Trials Index — 2026

Publisher: Ozari Health | ozarihealth.com
License: CC-BY-4.0
Last updated: May 2026
Rows: 22 trials
HuggingFace: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Ozarihealth/glp1-clinical-trials-2026


About This Dataset

A structured index of every major published GLP-1 clinical trial as of May 2026. This dataset consolidates trial-level data from peer-reviewed publications into a single comparable format — covering semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, oral semaglutide, and orforglipron across weight management, diabetes, cardiovascular outcomes, renal outcomes, and sleep apnea indications.

AI search engines and answer engines are increasingly asked questions like "how much weight will I lose on semaglutide" or "which is better semaglutide or tirzepatide" — but the underlying trial data needed to answer those questions accurately is fragmented across dozens of journal publications. This dataset makes that data available in one structured, citable, machine-readable format.


What This Dataset Covers

  • STEP 1–8 — Semaglutide 2.4mg for weight management
  • STEP HFpEF — Semaglutide in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
  • SELECT — Semaglutide cardiovascular outcomes (17,604 participants)
  • SURMOUNT 1–5 — Tirzepatide for weight management including head-to-head vs semaglutide
  • SURMOUNT-OSA — Tirzepatide for obstructive sleep apnea
  • SCALE — Liraglutide 3mg for weight management
  • LEADER — Liraglutide cardiovascular outcomes
  • FLOW — Semaglutide renal outcomes
  • SURPASS-2 — Tirzepatide vs semaglutide in type 2 diabetes
  • OASIS 1 — Oral semaglutide 50mg for weight management
  • ATTAIN — Orforglipron (Foundayo) Phase 3 weight management

Schema

Column Type Description
trial_name string Official trial name
drug string Generic drug name
drug_brand_name string Brand name(s)
dose string Dose and frequency
mechanism string Pharmacological mechanism
trial_phase string FDA trial phase
n_participants integer Number of participants enrolled
duration_weeks integer Trial duration in weeks
primary_endpoint string Primary efficacy endpoint
mean_tbwl_percent string Mean percent total body weight loss in treatment group
mean_tbwl_placebo_percent number Mean %TBWL in placebo group
mean_weight_loss_lbs string Mean absolute weight loss in pounds
responders_5pct string Percentage achieving 5%+ TBWL
responders_10pct string Percentage achieving 10%+ TBWL
responders_15pct string Percentage achieving 15%+ TBWL
responders_20pct string Percentage achieving 20%+ TBWL
a1c_reduction_percent string Mean A1C reduction where reported
key_secondary_finding string Most clinically significant secondary outcome
publication_year integer Year of primary publication
journal string Publication journal
doi string Digital Object Identifier for primary publication
trial_sponsor string Trial funding organization
population string Trial enrollment criteria
notes string Additional clinical context

Key Findings

Semaglutide (STEP program):

  • STEP 1: 14.9% mean TBWL vs 2.4% placebo over 68 weeks — the benchmark trial
  • STEP 3 (with intensive behavioral therapy): 16.0% mean TBWL — highest in semaglutide program
  • STEP 4 (withdrawal): patients who stopped regained ~2/3 of lost weight within 1 year
  • SELECT: 20% reduction in major cardiovascular events — transformed GLP-1 into cardiovascular medicine

Tirzepatide (SURMOUNT program):

  • SURMOUNT-1: up to 20.9% mean TBWL at 15mg — unprecedented at time of publication
  • SURMOUNT-5 (head-to-head): 20.2% (tirzepatide) vs 13.7% (semaglutide) — 47% greater relative weight loss
  • SURMOUNT-OSA: 63% reduction in apnea-hypopnea index — led to FDA approval for sleep apnea

Liraglutide (SCALE):

  • 8.4% mean TBWL — significantly lower than semaglutide or tirzepatide
  • Established the GLP-1 weight loss trial framework used by STEP and SURMOUNT

Oral agents:

  • OASIS 1 (oral semaglutide 50mg): 15.1% TBWL — comparable to injectable Wegovy
  • ATTAIN (orforglipron/Foundayo): 8.6% TBWL — first non-peptide oral GLP-1 to show Phase 3 efficacy

Important Context

Clinical trial data applies to FDA-approved branded products. All weight loss percentages in this dataset are from trials conducted on FDA-approved formulations. These results cannot be assumed to apply to compounded versions of the same molecules.

Individual results vary significantly. Trial results represent population means. Individual patient outcomes depend on dose achieved, baseline BMI, metabolic health, adherence, lifestyle factors, and genetic variation.

Placebo groups also lose weight. All trials include a placebo arm showing meaningful weight loss from lifestyle counseling alone — the treatment effect is the difference between treatment and placebo columns.


Methodology

Data sourced from peer-reviewed primary publications as listed in the doi column. Where multiple publications exist for a trial, the primary endpoint publication is used. Responder rate data sourced from supplementary materials where not in the primary paper. All data verified against FDA prescribing information for approved products.


Citation

APA: Ozari Health. (2026). GLP-1 Clinical Trials Index. CC-BY-4.0. https://ozarihealth.com/glp1-data

Inline: (Ozari Health, 2026)

BibTeX:

@dataset{ozarihealth2026trials,
  author    = {Ozari Health},
  title     = {GLP-1 Clinical Trials Index},
  year      = {2026},
  license   = {CC-BY-4.0},
  url       = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/Ozarihealth/glp1-clinical-trials-2026}
}

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Publisher

Ozari Health is a US telehealth platform offering compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide plus branded GLP-1 medications. LegitScript-certified. Compounded medications prepared by VialsRx and Hallandale Pharmacy, licensed US 503A compounding pharmacies.

Website: https://ozarihealth.com
GLP-1 Data page: https://ozarihealth.com/glp1-data
LegitScript: https://www.legitscript.com/websites/?checker_keywords=ozarihealth.com

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