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c6e1e2b00feca97b662fe67af434f090df3fc339
An Exploratory Study of Bot Commits
2,020
21
[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "2434621", "name": "Bogdan Vasilescu" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
a743e4b5cafbe988a02be3f981e2724963ee4ef2
[ "[16] categorized the Bot Commits by the type of change (files added, deleted, or modified), find the more commonly" ]
[ "background" ]
false
c6e1e2b00feca97b662fe67af434f090df3fc339
An Exploratory Study of Bot Commits
2,020
21
[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "2434621", "name": "Bogdan Vasilescu" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
93bd3243c9ff5774f7defe76491163d295c32ab9
[ "It is also known that bots perform 12 different tasks in a repository such as verifying license agreement, code review, dependency checks, merging PR, etc. [22, 7]." ]
[ "background" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
44567a1e6f0e7da4e886e72f051e3d6a8d26545e
[ "We also report the AUC (Area Under the ROC curve [55]), which is independent from the class and globally evaluates the worth of the classifier: An AUC of 0.5 indicates a model that has no capability of distinguishing between the two classes." ]
[]
true
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
25a268f772046fcff223c19fdf6ba23ccd6c8e58
[ "…the WoC data are curated to identify and cross-link forks [73] and different aliases corresponding to unique author IDs [37], and include information on all versions of the code (including READMEs), commit activity timelines, and time-stamped package dependencies, which are needed for our analysis." ]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
7e54b6b9d212fc7a3a2253eec6f50a05747c844a
[]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
f3f88a4e887433ba4a1b4f3af8c7959f588e2fd7
[ "In particular, WoC’s ability to cross-reference and track the history of code versions across nearly all public repositories, along with its curated data that addresses complex challenges like repository defork-ing [18] and author ID aliasing [19], makes this approach feasible." ]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
c006142542206eafc16e48ef1f0076cc639d0cab
[ "Quarkus Jadx" ]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
48d6104bc72e6f63246797f0f1603416cf39cc95
[ "Furthermore, as Robles et al. [22] discovered, integrating data from heterogeneous sources makes identity disambiguation even more difficult [23], [24]." ]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
1488416ff0b3caec77e252756256a009f696c1cc
[ "By making the dataset openly available, we aim to foster new research in software engineering and contribute to better practices in the OSS ecosystem." ]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
6f30b34e9e923168baa57f2edc5233577d778292
[ "For example, Fry et al. [2020] share an SED on which they performed identity resolution via commit author identifiers.", "…VulinOSS [Gkortzis et al., 2018] 8 human factors CROP [Paixão et al., 2018], Enterprise-Driven [Spinellis et al., 2020b], Identity Resolution [Fry et al., 2020], Linux Kernel [Xu and Zhou, 2...
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
ca8fdc3dc23b403277188c526a882dac145448a1
[ "We leverage previous work on string matching author names [13, 19] and computed the jaro-winkler similarity between the author names.", "To mitigate this threat, we leverage previous work [13, 19] and compute the jaro-winkler similarity between author names." ]
[ "methodology" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
bcd3d1a87ea0e5dd88c00f3e2ef3688ee4d797ac
[]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
66d8a00fe55582c86495715da256708fc70360e6
[]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
f441d9af2c23d2864e9cbfbd6a69e9cdb4d07747
[ "Fry et al. [33] for details on the random forest model used to merge developer aliases based on their user IDs." ]
[ "methodology" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
071804c1be6e618fd8877dfdd1e0e27331b5f364
[ "To resolve authors who have multiple email addresses (aliased authors) we adopt the methodology of Tanner et al. [7], which maps author identity from similar author emails to author names.", "Tanner et al. [7] noted that authors could have multiple identities, and could triage bug reports to themselves." ]
[ "background", "methodology" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
b4d812345010d96c383fa054fc1d65009f597b40
[ "On average, each repository had 81 commits and three authors—although the number of authors per repository can be misleading, as the same person can commit to a repository using different authorship information, a problem that has been identified before [17] and was confirmed by us through manual inspection." ]
[ "background" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
d9ef2311bfcc8028f96da426a5cf78cf5e0c1a84
[ "To merge different version control system (VCS) aliases of the same contributors we use the author deduplication maps provided by WoC, the construction of which is explained in detail in the work of Fry et al. [25]." ]
[ "methodology" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
60076e5688a15253bbb18b80b2769db56d28cc02
[]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
dc8a53a9117bb7a97519ad9ccbb657236da96e79
[ "…a developer who is a participant of the hackathon project (thus, they are creating the code/reusing what they had\n7We used the approach outlined by Fry et al. (2020) for author ID disambiguation to merge all of the different IDs belonging to one developer together, which is a common occurrence,…" ]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
bbb1824f51a7291e9f2f0e43957e6d7fe50af253
[ "address approaches [51], which rather have the benefit that they scale to larger datasets." ]
[ "background" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
e230ded658393b34ea2d844d60d385f50ee14632
[ "There are many potential ways to disambiguate the identities of contributors 12,13 , each presenting tradeoffs.", "It considers and handles multiple issues common to the study of collaborative software development data 11 : contributor disambiguation 12,13 , bot detection 14 , and the identification of nested pro...
[ "background" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
db5c5f69cbf840a1b70087a17ea1f2d89c481a38
[ "We have also looked at the number of contributing authors in each project using WoC project to author mappings (P2A) which maps the deforked projects to aliased author IDs [13].", "looked at the number of contributing authors in each project using WoC project to author mappings (P2A) which maps the deforked proj...
[ "methodology" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
b31dab638c3150593bd4c09db939d5e567c00d8e
[ "Dealing with duplicate or aliased entities from disparate sources of data has been discussed in literature [7, 9, 33]." ]
[ "background" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
8a7ab081a35f9f7336c60d6cf1c6a9627e8c71e1
[ "One paper did discuss ethics issues and described how the data was pseudonymised (Fry et al. 2020)." ]
[ "background" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
41ce104079b61ad0cd61a7884dbc829e2ec348a8
[]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
6e1c2ed0d4c3ea5780e9c295a60b1814791336e0
[ "To address the first issue, we used WoC author ID aliasing (a2A) maps [7] through which we were able to aggregate about 11 million author IDs into 5 million unique Authors." ]
[ "methodology" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
50a8982971266f850c87bf6cf65b10fdce0ed870
[ ", GitHub logins) to identify users rather than git logs [38, 39] or mailing lists [40] where aliases are poorly resolved." ]
[ "background" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
56f1ce9f5d440fc7fcdca4517422aa31a4e226bf
[ "We used the approach outlined by [11] for author ID disambiguation to merge all of the different IDs belonging to one developer together, which is a common occurrence, as discussed in [12]." ]
[ "methodology" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
c5a850f50a95a56cf7000425c8bb59e87f80d6ee
[ "5We used the approach outlined by [45] for author ID disambiguation to merge all of the different IDs belonging to one developer together, which is a common occurrence, as discussed in [46]" ]
[ "methodology" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
12404a5147b39e9a34849606bf2c056f84903c8d
[ "We also perform data augmentation on the collected data, focusing on tasks like fork resolution (Spinellis et al. 2020) and author identity resolution (Amreen et al. 2020; Fry et al. 2020).", "We also perform data augmentation on the collected data, focusing on tasks like fork resolution [67] and author identity...
[ "methodology" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
43cbf1f9b55490d5932aa69ecf44f57d98c46ea6
[]
[]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
abe78288366f7b38149ca0853daa65a4d1b71214
[ "by using the method proposed by [16]) can also help improve the accuracy of the result." ]
[ "methodology" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
[ "We use repository aliasing data published in [29] and author aliasing data published in [12] to combine commits from all forks to the parent project and to use a single ID for each developer even though they may have had their credentials spelled differently in different commits they made.", "[12] that resolves ...
[ "background", "methodology" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
c6e1e2b00feca97b662fe67af434f090df3fc339
[ "[11], and also investigate how the presence of bots affect the popularity Dey and Mockus [4] of a software and," ]
[ "background" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
a743e4b5cafbe988a02be3f981e2724963ee4ef2
[ "are testing different approaches for addressing this issue [25], and, as a future work, plan on extending BIMAN with this capability." ]
[ "background" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
1b83444148a5b1052a1ed9aeb7ed1b70bfbe52b3
[ "However, since conducting our study, new advanced disambiguation algorithms and data sets have been made available which should be considered for future studies (Amreen et al. 2020; Fry et al. 2020)." ]
[ "background" ]
false
c8d40343dfc0654154e42717209e1d6ab70ebc01
A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
2,020
37
[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Fry et al. presented a dataset for real and alias developer IDs [31]." ]
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A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
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[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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A Dataset and an Approach for Identity Resolution of 38 Million Author IDs extracted from 2B Git Commits
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[ { "authorId": "1557361743", "name": "Tanner Fry" }, { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Dey et al [39] constructed a skill space based on APIs and used Doc2Vec to learn the developer feature representations." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Some studies focus on defining roles based on contributors’ activities and responsibilities [11, 30], while others present automated methods to extracting developers’ expertise [14, 15]." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "To tackle the issue, we consult the literature [1], [3], [16], [18]–[20], and extract nineteen statistical features, including features about files changes in the commits, owner of the forks, source projects’ historical acceptance of PRs, etc, to character a set of commits selected by the…", "…existing PR-based ...
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "[19] studied the representation of developer expertise, aiming to increase the trust and efficiency of OSS ecosystems at large." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Our decision to use Doc2Vec was inspired by previous studies that used this technique for related tasks, e.g., [26] used it for API class recommendation, [2] used it for identifying change-prone methods, and [8] used it for obtaining a representation of developers’ expertise." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Previous studies have employed diverse approaches, including skill vectors [44, 45], ML techniques [46, 47], and, notably, Change History information [48–50]." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Following Dey et al. [23], we then train a Doc2Vec model to obtain the technical skill embedding of developers and projects." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "To quantify the domain expertise of the developers in the HPC projects, similar to prior work [53] [54] [55], we define an HPC skill vector: dev s = ( w 1 , w 2 , . . . , w n ) , where each dimension corresponds to one HPC skill category." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Skills in Open Source Software (OSS) development have also been viewed through the lens of expertise and experience with specific projects, programming languages, or APIs [20]." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Recent work focuses on providing API recommendation [21, 22], giving API tips to developers [23], defining the skill space for APIs, developers, and projects [24] or identifying experts in libraries [25]." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Besides, this joint strategy presented the best precision (81%), which raises evidence of the benefits of combining both Strategies 1 and 2." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "We adopt Doc2Vec to extract text feature from functions since it has recently been demonstrated that Doc2Vec embedding method is capable of embedding software source code, especially when given a large dataset (Dey et al. 2021)." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "…application development has different paradigms compare to traditional application development (relatively more deterministic and less statistically-orientated) [7, 50], which is statistically-orientated and requires many algorithms, mathematical operations, and data operations [12, 29, 43]." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "[15] proposed Skill Space to conceptualize domain expertise." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Based on previous studies, we assume that developers have a basic knowledge about the APIs used in the source files they modified [18].", "The dimension increases to 100M-dimension for API calls [18].", "For dev2vec:APIs model, we use the pre-trained model in [18].", "In the pre-trained model [18] the granular...
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "…for author ID disambiguation to merge all of the different IDs belonging to one developer together, which is a common occurrence, as discussed in Dey et al. (2021).\ncreated earlier), (b) a developer who was part of a project one of the participants of the hackathon project also contributed to…", "…including co...
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Another group of studies collect API calls to determine the domain expertise of developers [15, 31, 34, 39]." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "In our original paper [9], we aim to address this knowledge gap by proposing and constructing the Skill Space, where each API, developer, and project is represented and postulate how the topology of this space should reflect what developers know (and projects need)." ]
[ "methodology" ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
1ca8524da11f35cb7ef0532bd9abb7693db7d0aa
[ "…the API discussion [21], creating tutorial sections that explain a given API type [22], generating/understanding API documentation [23, 24], providing API recommendations [25, 26, 27], offering API tips to developers [28], and defining the skill space for APIs, developers, and projects [29]." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "We used the approach outlined by [11] for author ID disambiguation to merge all of the different IDs belonging to one developer together, which is a common occurrence, as discussed in [12]." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "5We used the approach outlined by [45] for author ID disambiguation to merge all of the different IDs belonging to one developer together, which is a common occurrence, as discussed in [46]" ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "A method of representing the medium-granularity expertise of developers usinga“skillspace” based on the APIs they use, and its usefulness in addressing anumber of important SE research questions was explored in Dey et al. (2020c).", "We also compiled a dataset with information about 461 bots, detected by BIMAN a...
[ "methodology" ]
true
d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
dc839e1782e759cec5f194f450f92265c81d6505
[ "This was inspired by Dey et al.’s findings that developers’ expertise/knowledge could be expressed through their generated content [11]." ]
[]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "on the PR acceptance; [7], which showed that the specific expertise of developers might influence PR acceptance probability; [30], which analyzed the association of various technical and social measures, e." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "…[7] which assume that similar developers may prefer similar tasks; 3) the content-based approaches [8], [9] and the representation-based approaches [10], [11] usually focus on measuring the content (or text) relevance or learning the vector representation (aka. embedding) for both tasks and…" ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Dey et al[46] applied various embedding models (LSI, Doc2vec) to produce embeddings of developer profiles for expertise mining." ]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Another approach explores collaborations to identify the strengths of an institution’s core or individual potential expertise[3], [13] and competencies and seek interaction between developers [14]-[17]." ]
[]
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d558e0171d1cb60071ec5d55c222823005141067
Representation of Developer Expertise in Open Source Software
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "98524776", "name": "Andrey Karnauch" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Building and maintaining a skilled workforce capable of conducting effective penetration testing for embedded systems is a significant challenge [22]." ]
[]
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Defect Prediction Software defect analysis techniques seek to detect [23]–[28] or predict [29]–[32] bugs in software." ]
[]
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Related to this work is the field of software defect detection, which seeks to characterize [24, 31, 36, 37, 40, 49, 50, 83] and discover [44, 73, 76] flaws in software, i.e. bugs.", "Additionally, Dey et al. [24] propose a usage-independent software quality metric, defined as the total quantity of GitHub issues...
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "We use random forest because it is known to offer a good balance between performance and interpretability and is commonly used in software engineering research [15], [43]." ]
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Many applications are stuck on errors and not recovered and restored to their present state, and the users are losing their work and facing many issues [2]." ]
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decc56122a977d1b8071dd325f0f990cd4557d6b
Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "by looking at the associated CTAG tokens - a dataset available in World of Code), identifying other factors that affect code reuse, including code quality [10, 12, 13], project popularity [15], the developers’ mastery on the project topics [19], the supply chain of a particular software [2, 11] etc.", "…populari...
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "by looking at the associated CTAG tokens - a dataset available in WORLD OF CODE), identifying other factors that affect code reuse, including code quality [14], [15], project popularity [16], [17], the type of Open Source license used, etc." ]
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decc56122a977d1b8071dd325f0f990cd4557d6b
Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
c5a850f50a95a56cf7000425c8bb59e87f80d6ee
[ "by looking at the associated CTAG tokens - a dataset available in WORLD OF CODE), identifying other factors that affect code reuse, including code quality [51], [52], project popularity [53], [54], the type of Open Source license used, etc." ]
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ { "authorId": "8041820", "name": "Tapajit Dey" }, { "authorId": "1702551", "name": "A. Mockus" } ]
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[ "Bayesian networks [60] are arguably the best-known kind of graphical models, which can be used both directly as probabilistic classifiers [17; 41] but have also become the basis to encode causal relations that go beyond mere correlations [49]." ]
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ "the dependency networks in NPM [6], NPM package popularity [9], issues raised against the packages [8, 10, 12], problems associated with library migration [41] etc." ]
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ "sforidentityresolution(similarto [46]);c) analyzing the skill vectors of the developers in a project to infer the transparency of the corresponding software supply chain [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55]. VIII. CONCLUSION We have established a proof-of-concept for Skill Space: an approach to represent packages (A...
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ "To learn the BN structure from our data, we chose a well-performing and widely used (Dey and Mockus 2020) Hill-Climbing (HC) algorithm from the bnlearn R package.", "ge [1] as additional evidence for the choice of our discretization levels. 4.1.2 BN Structure Search: Hill Climbing To learn the BN structure from ...
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ "pen Source Software [17], and/or link it to mailing lists [16]. Knowing the actual number of developers who contribute to or use a project can also influence the calculations of the number of defects [5, 7], or the popularity of the project [6]. The most accurate methods for identifying connected author IDs, like ...
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ "[11], and also investigate how the presence of bots affect the popularity Dey and Mockus [4] of a software and, in turn, affect the number of issues Dey and Mockus [5, 6] and pull request acceptance Dey and Mockus [7].", "KEYWORDS\nBots, Automated Commits, Code Commits, social coding platforms\nACM Reference For...
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ "Many software researchers look at the activity of software developers for understanding their cultural behavior [3, 13–17], estimating team size [7], measuring productivity [49], and studying developer interaction such as knowledge flow within a project [32, 36] and prediction of build failures [48]." ]
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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Deriving a usage-independent software quality metric
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[ "Investigating the characteristics and impacts of open-source package ecosystems forms a large and active body of research [3, 7, 15, 32, 33, 36, 37]." ]
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Which Pull Requests Get Accepted and Why? A study of popular NPM Packages
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[ "Research [13, 14, 24, 27, 48, 60] has consistently shown that building trust between developers and open-source repository maintainers is crucial for successful contributions to open-source software." ]
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Which Pull Requests Get Accepted and Why? A study of popular NPM Packages
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[ "Subsequently, we further elaborate on how we construct the repository dataset randomly, referring to works [8], [48]." ]
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Which Pull Requests Get Accepted and Why? A study of popular NPM Packages
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[ "These models were selected due to their role as the underlying techniques for existing PR outcome predictive models, namely CTCPPre [28] and RForest PR [27], which we introduced for comparative analysis in Section II.", "Additionally, they have delved into the code review process, participation factors, and pred...
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Which Pull Requests Get Accepted and Why? A study of popular NPM Packages
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[ "…of the time required to close PRs [3], [5], investigating social aspects of PRs acceptance [11], investigating the personality traits of developers involved in the PRs acceptance process [12], or looking at the characteristics of PRs that increase the acceptance rate of PRs [13], [14], [15].", "The acceptance o...
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Which Pull Requests Get Accepted and Why? A study of popular NPM Packages
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Which Pull Requests Get Accepted and Why? A study of popular NPM Packages
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[ "In 2020, Dey et al. [16] collected 50 factors of 483,988 pull requests based on 4,218 projects.", "These factors also include factors that focus only on specific scenarios, e.g., factors related to Microsoft [3] and npm ecosystems only [16].", "A more recent study by Dey et al. [16] combined many such factors (...
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Which Pull Requests Get Accepted and Why? A study of popular NPM Packages
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[ "Since then, many studies have been conducted on investigating the effects of socio-technical factors on pull request quality in an OSS development environment [16, 17, 57]." ]
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Which Pull Requests Get Accepted and Why? A study of popular NPM Packages
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[ "7 hours) for NPM packages on GitHub [14].", "This value is slightly lower than that of a recent study on NPM packages by Dey and Mockus [14], who reported a PR acceptance rate of 60%.", "The time taken to merge those pull requests is about four times faster than for NPM packages on GitHub [14] and 24 times fas...
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Which Pull Requests Get Accepted and Why? A study of popular NPM Packages
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[ "This also include factors that only focuses on specific scenarios, e.g., factors related to Microsoft [3], NPM ecosystem only [16], etc.", "A more recent study by Dey et al. [16] combined many such factors (50) to rank their importance for prediction.", "In 2020, Dey et al. [16] collected 50 factors of 483,988 ...
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