diff --git "a/scripts/test-bounds-engine.mjs" "b/scripts/test-bounds-engine.mjs"
--- "a/scripts/test-bounds-engine.mjs"
+++ "b/scripts/test-bounds-engine.mjs"
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ function assertProfiledReference({
   single,
   batch,
   aggregate,
-  dennard,
+  memoryPowerCeiling,
 }) {
   const result = profiled(repo, hardwareId);
   assert.equal(result.status_code, status, `${repo} on ${hardwareId} status`);
@@ -598,7 +598,12 @@ function assertProfiledReference({
     0.01,
     `${repo} on ${hardwareId} aggregate`,
   );
-  assertNear(result.dennard, dennard, 0.01, `${repo} on ${hardwareId} Dennard`);
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    memoryPowerCeiling,
+    0.01,
+    `${repo} on ${hardwareId} memory-power ceiling`,
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -650,10 +655,10 @@ function assertProfiledReference({
     "Nemotron Mini 4B DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgx.dennard,
+    dgx.memoryPowerCeiling,
     341.476954583,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron Mini 4B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron Mini 4B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5 = profiled(
@@ -735,10 +740,10 @@ function assertProfiledReference({
     "Nemotron Labs Diffusion 3B Base DGX Spark AR single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     419.9065567868347,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron Labs Diffusion 3B Base DGX Spark AR Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron Labs Diffusion 3B Base DGX Spark AR memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -761,10 +766,10 @@ function assertProfiledReference({
     "Nemotron Labs Diffusion 3B Base M5 Max AR per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     944.4052229564708,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron Labs Diffusion 3B Base M5 Max AR Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron Labs Diffusion 3B Base M5 Max AR memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -776,7 +781,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 127.412508,
     batch: 81,
     aggregate: 1631.816785,
-    dennard: 38243.798843,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 38243.798843,
   },
   {
     repo: "Andycurrent/Gemma-3-1B-it-GLM-4.7-Flash-Heretic-Uncensored-Thinking_GGUF",
@@ -785,7 +790,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 286.561464,
     batch: 201,
     aggregate: 4024.730831,
-    dennard: 86013.525603,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 86013.525603,
   },
   {
     repo: "empero-ai/Qwythos-9B-Claude-Mythos-5-1M-GGUF",
@@ -794,7 +799,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 44.415576,
     batch: 7,
     aggregate: 149.889695,
-    dennard: 1858.894042,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1858.894042,
   },
   {
     repo: "empero-ai/Qwythos-9B-Claude-Mythos-5-1M-GGUF",
@@ -803,7 +808,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 99.894372,
     batch: 23,
     aggregate: 465.196507,
-    dennard: 4180.809311,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 4180.809311,
   },
   {
     repo: "rippertnt/HyperCLOVAX-SEED-Text-Instruct-1.5B-Q4_K_M-GGUF",
@@ -812,7 +817,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 65.811037,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 80.380264,
-    dennard: 3292.755268,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3292.755268,
   },
   {
     repo: "rippertnt/HyperCLOVAX-SEED-Text-Instruct-1.5B-Q4_K_M-GGUF",
@@ -821,7 +826,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 148.014566,
     batch: 9,
     aggregate: 188.510195,
-    dennard: 7405.684009,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 7405.684009,
   },
   {
     repo: "lmg-anon/vntl-llama3-8b-v2-gguf",
@@ -830,7 +835,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 28.561605,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 28.561605,
-    dennard: 443.696744,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 443.696744,
   },
   {
     repo: "lmg-anon/vntl-llama3-8b-v2-gguf",
@@ -839,7 +844,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 64.237456,
     batch: 6,
     aggregate: 120.668961,
-    dennard: 997.911357,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 997.911357,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B",
@@ -848,7 +853,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 56.148395,
     batch: 3,
     aggregate: 67.119331,
-    dennard: 2366.129025,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 2366.129025,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B",
@@ -857,7 +862,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 126.28247,
     batch: 8,
     aggregate: 160.773873,
-    dennard: 5321.623522,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 5321.623522,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B-FP8",
@@ -866,7 +871,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 61.740014,
     batch: 3,
     aggregate: 69.632201,
-    dennard: 3766.062688,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3766.062688,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B-FP8",
@@ -875,7 +880,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 138.858494,
     batch: 8,
     aggregate: 163.124988,
-    dennard: 8470.192273,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 8470.192273,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-1.7B",
@@ -884,7 +889,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 38.390329,
     batch: 2,
     aggregate: 50.643798,
-    dennard: 801.975924,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 801.975924,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-1.7B",
@@ -893,7 +898,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 86.343084,
     batch: 7,
     aggregate: 147.539094,
-    dennard: 1803.71142,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1803.71142,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-1.7B-Base",
@@ -902,7 +907,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 38.390329,
     batch: 2,
     aggregate: 50.643798,
-    dennard: 806.280811,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 806.280811,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-1.7B-Base",
@@ -911,7 +916,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 86.343084,
     batch: 7,
     aggregate: 147.539094,
-    dennard: 1813.393472,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1813.393472,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-4B",
@@ -920,7 +925,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 21.38907,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 21.38907,
-    dennard: 257.644773,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 257.644773,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-4B",
@@ -929,7 +934,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 48.105821,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 91.235642,
-    dennard: 579.464801,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 579.464801,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-4B-Base",
@@ -938,7 +943,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 21.38907,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 21.38907,
-    dennard: 257.644773,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 257.644773,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-4B-Base",
@@ -947,7 +952,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 48.105821,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 91.235642,
-    dennard: 579.464801,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 579.464801,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507",
@@ -956,7 +961,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 21.38907,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 21.38907,
-    dennard: 257.644773,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 257.644773,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507",
@@ -965,7 +970,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 48.105821,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 91.235642,
-    dennard: 579.464801,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 579.464801,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-8B",
@@ -974,7 +979,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 13.749406,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 126.736945,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 126.736945,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-8B",
@@ -983,7 +988,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 30.923573,
     batch: 3,
     aggregate: 62.882804,
-    dennard: 285.042066,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 285.042066,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528-Qwen3-8B",
@@ -992,7 +997,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 13.749406,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 126.736945,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 126.736945,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528-Qwen3-8B",
@@ -1001,7 +1006,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 30.923573,
     batch: 3,
     aggregate: 62.882804,
-    dennard: 285.042066,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 285.042066,
   },
   {
     repo: "lmstudio-community/DeepSeek-R1-0528-Qwen3-8B-MLX-4bit",
@@ -1010,7 +1015,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 30.413547,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 30.413547,
-    dennard: 501.770116,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 501.770116,
   },
   {
     repo: "lmstudio-community/DeepSeek-R1-0528-Qwen3-8B-MLX-4bit",
@@ -1019,7 +1024,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 68.402629,
     batch: 5,
     aggregate: 110.230895,
-    dennard: 1128.523264,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1128.523264,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-14B",
@@ -1028,7 +1033,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 8.217033,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 53.871067,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 53.871067,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-14B",
@@ -1037,7 +1042,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 18.4808,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 121.160568,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 121.160568,
   },
   {
     repo: "cyankiwi/Hermes-4-14B-AWQ-4bit",
@@ -1046,7 +1051,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 19.183012,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 202.906419,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 202.906419,
   },
   {
     repo: "cyankiwi/Hermes-4-14B-AWQ-4bit",
@@ -1055,7 +1060,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 43.144211,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 81.976019,
-    dennard: 456.353631,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 456.353631,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-32B",
@@ -1064,7 +1069,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 3.772958,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 8.868708,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 8.868708,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-32B",
@@ -1073,7 +1078,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 8.485699,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 19.94647,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 19.94647,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B",
@@ -1082,7 +1087,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 29.579184,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 29.579184,
-    dennard: 269.029546,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 269.029546,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B",
@@ -1091,7 +1096,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 66.526077,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 86.984032,
-    dennard: 605.070115,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 605.070115,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507",
@@ -1100,7 +1105,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 29.579184,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 29.579184,
-    dennard: 269.029546,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 269.029546,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507",
@@ -1109,7 +1114,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 66.526077,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 86.984032,
-    dennard: 605.070115,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 605.070115,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B-Thinking-2507",
@@ -1118,7 +1123,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 29.579184,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 29.579184,
-    dennard: 269.029546,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 269.029546,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B-Thinking-2507",
@@ -1127,7 +1132,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 66.526077,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 86.984032,
-    dennard: 605.070115,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 605.070115,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-Omni-30B-A3B-Instruct",
@@ -1136,7 +1141,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 29.577504,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 29.577504,
-    dennard: 225.848172,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 225.848172,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-Omni-30B-A3B-Instruct",
@@ -1145,7 +1150,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 66.522298,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 86.982417,
-    dennard: 507.951567,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 507.951567,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-Omni-30B-A3B-Thinking",
@@ -1154,7 +1159,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 29.577504,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 29.577504,
-    dennard: 258.169721,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 258.169721,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-Omni-30B-A3B-Thinking",
@@ -1163,7 +1168,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 66.522298,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 86.982417,
-    dennard: 580.645454,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 580.645454,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Flash",
@@ -1172,7 +1177,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 24.157234,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Flash",
@@ -1181,7 +1186,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 54.331655,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro",
@@ -1190,7 +1195,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 6.860322,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro",
@@ -1199,7 +1204,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 15.429443,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3-0324",
@@ -1208,7 +1213,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 6.535707,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3-0324",
@@ -1217,7 +1222,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 14.699356,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3",
@@ -1226,7 +1231,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 6.535707,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3",
@@ -1235,7 +1240,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 14.699356,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct",
@@ -1244,7 +1249,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 38.390329,
     batch: 2,
     aggregate: 50.643798,
-    dennard: 800.650665,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 800.650665,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct",
@@ -1253,7 +1258,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 86.343084,
     batch: 7,
     aggregate: 147.539094,
-    dennard: 1800.7308,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1800.7308,
   },
   {
     repo: "cyankiwi/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct-AWQ-4bit",
@@ -1262,7 +1267,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 53.683935,
     batch: 3,
     aggregate: 65.913624,
-    dennard: 1980.762533,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1980.762533,
   },
   {
     repo: "cyankiwi/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct-AWQ-4bit",
@@ -1271,7 +1276,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 120.739692,
     batch: 7,
     aggregate: 158.566095,
-    dennard: 4454.901814,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 4454.901814,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct",
@@ -1280,7 +1285,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 21.38907,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 21.38907,
-    dennard: 255.733075,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 255.733075,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct",
@@ -1289,7 +1294,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 48.105821,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 91.235642,
-    dennard: 575.16523,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 575.16523,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct",
@@ -1298,7 +1303,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 13.749406,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 125.326971,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 125.326971,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct",
@@ -1307,7 +1312,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 30.923573,
     batch: 3,
     aggregate: 62.882804,
-    dennard: 281.870917,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 281.870917,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct-FP8",
@@ -1316,7 +1321,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 21.144218,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 21.144218,
-    dennard: 247.244923,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 247.244923,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct-FP8",
@@ -1325,7 +1330,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 47.555127,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 90.737439,
-    dennard: 556.074661,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 556.074661,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-32B-Instruct",
@@ -1334,7 +1339,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 3.772958,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 8.674887,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 8.674887,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-32B-Instruct",
@@ -1343,7 +1348,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 8.485699,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 19.510553,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 19.510553,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2-1.5B-Instruct",
@@ -1352,7 +1357,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 68.165941,
     batch: 11,
     aggregate: 227.845694,
-    dennard: 3605.528623,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3605.528623,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2-1.5B-Instruct",
@@ -1361,7 +1366,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 153.310944,
     batch: 30,
     aggregate: 601.71403,
-    dennard: 8109.137636,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 8109.137636,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2-VL-2B-Instruct",
@@ -1370,7 +1375,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 68.165941,
     batch: 11,
     aggregate: 227.845694,
-    dennard: 3564.495316,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3564.495316,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2-VL-2B-Instruct",
@@ -1379,7 +1384,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 153.310944,
     batch: 30,
     aggregate: 601.71403,
-    dennard: 8016.850272,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 8016.850272,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2-0.5B",
@@ -1388,7 +1393,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 197.642546,
     batch: 32,
     aggregate: 643.726657,
-    dennard: 26760.006066,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 26760.006066,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2-0.5B",
@@ -1397,7 +1402,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 444.514738,
     batch: 75,
     aggregate: 1510.863178,
-    dennard: 60185.508148,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 60185.508148,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B",
@@ -1406,7 +1411,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: 32,
     aggregate: 643.726657,
-    dennard: 26760.006066,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 26760.006066,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B",
@@ -1415,7 +1420,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 444.514738,
     batch: 75,
     aggregate: 1510.863178,
-    dennard: 60185.508148,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 60185.508148,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct",
@@ -1424,7 +1429,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 197.642546,
     batch: 32,
     aggregate: 643.726657,
-    dennard: 26760.006066,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 26760.006066,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct",
@@ -1433,7 +1438,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 444.514738,
     batch: 75,
     aggregate: 1510.863178,
-    dennard: 60185.508148,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 60185.508148,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct",
@@ -1442,7 +1447,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 37.13515,
     batch: 6,
     aggregate: 123.624831,
-    dennard: 1349.769868,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1349.769868,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct",
@@ -1451,7 +1456,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 83.520082,
     batch: 20,
     aggregate: 412.567347,
-    dennard: 3035.74615,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3035.74615,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2-7B-Instruct",
@@ -1460,7 +1465,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 352.711042,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 352.711042,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2-7B-Instruct",
@@ -1469,7 +1474,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 38.432057,
     batch: 9,
     aggregate: 180.256526,
-    dennard: 793.276849,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 793.276849,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct",
@@ -1478,7 +1483,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 17.087869,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 352.711042,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 352.711042,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct",
@@ -1487,7 +1492,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 38.432057,
     batch: 9,
     aggregate: 180.256526,
-    dennard: 793.276849,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 793.276849,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B",
@@ -1496,7 +1501,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 17.087869,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 352.711042,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 352.711042,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B",
@@ -1505,7 +1510,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 38.432057,
     batch: 9,
     aggregate: 180.256526,
-    dennard: 793.276849,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 793.276849,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Instruct",
@@ -1514,7 +1519,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 17.087869,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 352.711042,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 352.711042,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Instruct",
@@ -1523,7 +1528,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 38.432057,
     batch: 9,
     aggregate: 180.256526,
-    dennard: 793.276849,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 793.276849,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Omni-7B",
@@ -1532,7 +1537,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 328.702976,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 328.702976,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Omni-7B",
@@ -1541,7 +1546,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 38.432057,
     batch: 9,
     aggregate: 180.256526,
-    dennard: 739.280686,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 739.280686,
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   {
     repo: "nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Nano-4B-BF16",
@@ -1550,7 +1555,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: 11,
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-    dennard: 2553.571962,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 2553.571962,
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   {
     repo: "nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Nano-4B-BF16",
@@ -1559,7 +1564,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 79.820702,
     batch: 41,
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-    dennard: 5743.198478,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 5743.198478,
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   {
     repo: "nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Super-120B-A12B-BF16",
@@ -1568,7 +1573,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 11.021889,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
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   {
     repo: "nvidia/Llama-3.1-Nemotron-Nano-VL-8B-V1",
@@ -1577,7 +1582,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 14.214123,
     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 142.291431,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 142.291431,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-AWQ",
@@ -1586,7 +1591,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 43.225197,
     batch: 4,
     aggregate: 92.379654,
-    dennard: 1215.796127,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1215.796127,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-AWQ",
@@ -1595,7 +1600,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 97.21711,
     batch: 14,
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-    dennard: 2734.427918,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 2734.427918,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct",
@@ -1604,7 +1609,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 44.887406,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 44.887406,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct",
@@ -1613,7 +1618,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 100.955557,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 100.955557,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct",
@@ -1622,7 +1627,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 3.772843,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 8.867832,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 8.867832,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct",
@@ -1631,7 +1636,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 8.485442,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 19.944502,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 19.944502,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-32B-Instruct",
@@ -1640,7 +1645,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 3.772843,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 8.419271,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 8.419271,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-32B-Instruct",
@@ -1649,7 +1654,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 8.485442,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 18.93565,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 18.93565,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-14B-Instruct",
@@ -1658,7 +1663,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 7.965131,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 44.887406,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 44.887406,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-14B-Instruct",
@@ -1667,7 +1672,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 17.914251,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 100.955557,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 100.955557,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-14B-Instruct-AWQ",
@@ -1676,7 +1681,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 18.553318,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 181.372599,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 181.372599,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-14B-Instruct-AWQ",
@@ -1685,7 +1690,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 41.727974,
     batch: 3,
     aggregate: 67.479296,
-    dennard: 407.922255,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 407.922255,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct",
@@ -1694,7 +1699,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 68.165941,
     batch: 11,
     aggregate: 227.845694,
-    dennard: 3605.528623,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3605.528623,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct",
@@ -1703,7 +1708,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 153.310944,
     batch: 30,
     aggregate: 601.71403,
-    dennard: 8109.137636,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 8109.137636,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct",
@@ -1712,7 +1717,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 37.13515,
     batch: 6,
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-    dennard: 1365.816874,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1365.816874,
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   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct",
@@ -1721,7 +1726,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: 20,
     aggregate: 412.567347,
-    dennard: 3071.837218,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3071.837218,
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   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-E2B-it",
@@ -1730,7 +1735,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: 19,
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-    dennard: 10500.37794,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 10500.37794,
   },
   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-E2B-it",
@@ -1739,7 +1744,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 121.087547,
     batch: 55,
     aggregate: 1102.296409,
-    dennard: 23616.234635,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 23616.234635,
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   {
     repo: "unsloth/gemma-4-E2B-it-GGUF",
@@ -1748,7 +1753,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 53.832376,
     batch: 19,
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-    dennard: 4537.922746,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 4537.922746,
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   {
     repo: "unsloth/gemma-4-E2B-it-GGUF",
@@ -1757,7 +1762,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 121.073549,
     batch: 55,
     aggregate: 1102.275316,
-    dennard: 10206.170572,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 10206.170572,
   },
   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-E4B-it",
@@ -1766,7 +1771,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: 4,
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-    dennard: 1040.31545,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1040.31545,
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   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-E4B-it",
@@ -1775,7 +1780,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 59.305349,
     batch: 22,
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-    dennard: 2339.757092,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 2339.757092,
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   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-12B-it",
@@ -1784,7 +1789,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 953.821525,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 953.821525,
   },
   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-12B-it",
@@ -1793,7 +1798,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 25.151164,
     batch: 11,
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-    dennard: 2145.224968,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 2145.224968,
   },
   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-12B-it-qat-w4a16-ct",
@@ -1802,7 +1807,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 31.22241,
     batch: 9,
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-    dennard: 3184.781459,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3184.781459,
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   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-12B-it-qat-w4a16-ct",
@@ -1811,7 +1816,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 70.221831,
     batch: 37,
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-    dennard: 7162.841816,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 7162.841816,
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   {
     repo: "cyankiwi/gemma-4-12B-it-AWQ-INT4",
@@ -1820,7 +1825,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 22.362803,
     batch: 2,
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-    dennard: 1167.633193,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1167.633193,
   },
   {
     repo: "cyankiwi/gemma-4-12B-it-AWQ-INT4",
@@ -1829,7 +1834,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 50.295828,
     batch: 16,
     aggregate: 325.962658,
-    dennard: 2626.105423,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 2626.105423,
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   {
     repo: "yuxinlu1/gemma-4-12B-coder-fable5-composer2.5-v1-GGUF",
@@ -1838,7 +1843,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 34.282493,
     batch: 10,
     aggregate: 204.610205,
-    dennard: 3614.774808,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3614.774808,
   },
   {
     repo: "microsoft/Phi-4-mini-instruct",
@@ -1847,7 +1852,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 23.006237,
     batch: 1,
     aggregate: 23.006237,
-    dennard: 304.95062,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 304.95062,
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   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-26B-A4B-it",
@@ -1856,7 +1861,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 34.045774,
     batch: 2,
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-    dennard: 3383.736554,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3383.736554,
   },
   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-26B-A4B",
@@ -1865,7 +1870,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 34.045774,
     batch: 2,
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-    dennard: 3383.736554,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3383.736554,
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   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-26B-A4B-it",
@@ -1874,7 +1879,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 76.571814,
     batch: 10,
     aggregate: 202.998061,
-    dennard: 7610.308587,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 7610.308587,
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   {
     repo: "cyankiwi/gemma-4-26B-A4B-it-AWQ-4bit",
@@ -1883,7 +1888,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 62.45859,
     batch: 10,
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-    dennard: 9729.162647,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 9729.162647,
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   {
     repo: "cyankiwi/gemma-4-26B-A4B-it-AWQ-4bit",
@@ -1892,7 +1897,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 140.474631,
     batch: 41,
     aggregate: 826.85303,
-    dennard: 21881.706467,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 21881.706467,
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   {
     repo: "lmstudio-community/gemma-4-26B-A4B-it-QAT-MLX-4bit",
@@ -1901,7 +1906,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 97.577543,
     batch: 12,
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-    dennard: 16288.814631,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 16288.814631,
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   {
     repo: "lmstudio-community/gemma-4-26B-A4B-it-QAT-MLX-4bit",
@@ -1910,7 +1915,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 219.460114,
     batch: 45,
     aggregate: 903.714646,
-    dennard: 36634.916422,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 36634.916422,
   },
   {
     repo: "RedHatAI/gemma-4-26B-A4B-it-NVFP4",
@@ -1919,7 +1924,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 75.802882,
     batch: 11,
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-    dennard: 12138.535002,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 12138.535002,
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   {
     repo: "RedHatAI/gemma-4-26B-A4B-it-NVFP4",
@@ -1928,7 +1933,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 170.487068,
     batch: 43,
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-    dennard: 27300.587879,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 27300.587879,
   },
   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-31B-it",
@@ -1937,7 +1942,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 4.340988,
     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 88.496259,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 88.496259,
   },
   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-31B-it",
@@ -1946,7 +1951,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 9.763247,
     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 199.035543,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 199.035543,
   },
   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-31B-it-qat-w4a16-ct",
@@ -1955,7 +1960,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 13.131789,
     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 474.105161,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 474.105161,
   },
   {
     repo: "google/gemma-4-31B-it-qat-w4a16-ct",
@@ -1964,7 +1969,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 29.534499,
     batch: 7,
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-    dennard: 1066.30245,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1066.30245,
   },
   {
     repo: "RedHatAI/gemma-4-31B-it-NVFP4",
@@ -1973,7 +1978,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 13.131791,
     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 474.105258,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 474.105258,
   },
   {
     repo: "RedHatAI/gemma-4-31B-it-NVFP4",
@@ -1982,7 +1987,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 29.534504,
     batch: 7,
     aggregate: 144.448406,
-    dennard: 1066.302667,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1066.302667,
   },
   {
     repo: "RedHatAI/gemma-4-31B-it-FP8-block",
@@ -1991,7 +1996,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 8.123608,
     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 255.434743,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 255.434743,
   },
   {
     repo: "RedHatAI/gemma-4-31B-it-FP8-block",
@@ -2000,7 +2005,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 18.270678,
     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 574.494257,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 574.494257,
   },
   {
     repo: "nvidia/Gemma-4-31B-IT-NVFP4",
@@ -2009,7 +2014,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 8.470664,
     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 524.872527,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 524.872527,
   },
   {
     repo: "nvidia/Gemma-4-31B-IT-NVFP4",
@@ -2018,7 +2023,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 19.051237,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 1180.482533,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1180.482533,
   },
   {
     repo: "zai-org/GLM-4.7-Flash",
@@ -2027,7 +2032,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 22.801934,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 22.801934,
   },
   {
     repo: "zai-org/GLM-4.7-Flash",
@@ -2036,7 +2041,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 16.174465,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 51.28347,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 51.28347,
   },
   {
     repo: "zai-org/GLM-5-FP8",
@@ -2045,7 +2050,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "zai-org/GLM-5-FP8",
@@ -2054,7 +2059,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     batch: null,
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-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
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   {
     repo: "zai-org/GLM-5.1-FP8",
@@ -2063,7 +2068,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 1.324305,
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-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
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     repo: "zai-org/GLM-5.1-FP8",
@@ -2072,7 +2077,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2396,7 +2401,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2405,7 +2410,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2414,7 +2419,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2432,7 +2437,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2495,7 +2500,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2513,7 +2518,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2522,7 +2527,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2531,7 +2536,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2540,7 +2545,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2549,7 +2554,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2558,7 +2563,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2567,7 +2572,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2576,7 +2581,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2585,7 +2590,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2594,7 +2599,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2603,7 +2608,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2621,7 +2626,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2630,7 +2635,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2639,7 +2644,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2648,7 +2653,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2657,7 +2662,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2666,7 +2671,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2675,7 +2680,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2684,7 +2689,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2693,7 +2698,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2702,7 +2707,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2720,7 +2725,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2729,7 +2734,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2747,7 +2752,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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@@ -2756,7 +2761,7 @@ for (const reference of [
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     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528",
@@ -2765,7 +2770,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 6.535707,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528",
@@ -2774,7 +2779,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 14.699356,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3.2",
@@ -2783,7 +2788,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 6.509023,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3.2",
@@ -2792,7 +2797,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 14.639341,
     batch: null,
     aggregate: 0,
-    dennard: 0,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 0,
   },
   {
     repo: "openai/gpt-oss-20b",
@@ -2801,7 +2806,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 60.698215,
     batch: 6,
     aggregate: 128.187238,
-    dennard: 3178.551951,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3178.551951,
   },
   {
     repo: "openai/gpt-oss-20b",
@@ -2810,7 +2815,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 136.5154,
     batch: 23,
     aggregate: 466.196276,
-    dennard: 7148.831127,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 7148.831127,
   },
   {
     repo: "openai/gpt-oss-120b",
@@ -2819,7 +2824,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 44.122861,
     batch: 3,
     aggregate: 67.17918,
-    dennard: 809.424149,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 809.424149,
   },
   {
     repo: "openai/gpt-oss-120b",
@@ -2828,7 +2833,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 99.236032,
     batch: 9,
     aggregate: 191.108127,
-    dennard: 1820.463104,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 1820.463104,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-FP8",
@@ -2837,7 +2842,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 64.974175,
     batch: 6,
     aggregate: 132.26805,
-    dennard: 3063.529404,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3063.529404,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-FP8",
@@ -2846,7 +2851,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 146.132393,
     batch: 18,
     aggregate: 375.114551,
-    dennard: 6890.135729,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 6890.135729,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3.5-35B-A3B-FP8",
@@ -2855,7 +2860,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 64.974026,
     batch: 6,
     aggregate: 132.267948,
-    dennard: 3063.5206,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 3063.5206,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3.5-35B-A3B-FP8",
@@ -2864,7 +2869,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 146.132059,
     batch: 18,
     aggregate: 375.114429,
-    dennard: 6890.115929,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 6890.115929,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3.5-35B-A3B-GPTQ-Int4",
@@ -2873,7 +2878,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 53.229666,
     batch: 8,
     aggregate: 162.529181,
-    dennard: 2801.834632,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 2801.834632,
   },
   {
     repo: "Qwen/Qwen3.5-35B-A3B-GPTQ-Int4",
@@ -2882,7 +2887,7 @@ for (const reference of [
     single: 119.718004,
     batch: 24,
     aggregate: 488.105938,
-    dennard: 6301.562139,
+    memoryPowerCeiling: 6301.562139,
   },
 ]) {
   assertProfiledReference(reference);
@@ -2974,10 +2979,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3Guard Gen 0.6B DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2366.129025317,
     0.000001,
-    "Qwen3Guard Gen 0.6B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3Guard Gen 0.6B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 8);
@@ -3037,10 +3042,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 0.6B Base DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2372.3423304041376,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 0.6B Base DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 0.6B Base DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -3130,10 +3135,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 0.6B F16 GGUF DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2365.747451742909,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 0.6B F16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 0.6B F16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 8);
   assertNear(
@@ -3214,10 +3219,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3 0.6B BF16 GGUF DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2371.9600673597843,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3 0.6B BF16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3 0.6B BF16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 8);
   assertNear(
@@ -3376,10 +3381,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "InternVL2.5 8B AWQ DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     542.3879083004412,
     0.000000001,
-    "InternVL2.5 8B AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "InternVL2.5 8B AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -3493,10 +3498,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 18);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     352.67213460344647,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen2.5-VL 7B GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen2.5-VL 7B GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -3519,10 +3524,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Qwen2.5-VL 7B GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     793.1893430275315,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen2.5-VL 7B GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen2.5-VL 7B GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -3633,10 +3638,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Base Gemma 4 E2B DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     10500.377940328286,
     0.000000001,
-    "Base Gemma 4 E2B DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Base Gemma 4 E2B DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 55);
   assertNear(
@@ -3658,10 +3663,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Base Gemma 4 E2B M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     23616.23463502406,
     0.000000001,
-    "Base Gemma 4 E2B M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Base Gemma 4 E2B M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -3713,10 +3718,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4537.922746163,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -3787,10 +3792,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 4-bit DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     24552.051710905784,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 4-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 4-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 60);
   assertNear(
@@ -3812,10 +3817,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 4-bit M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     55219.63278570019,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 4-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 4-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -3886,10 +3891,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 5-bit DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     21934.997798362445,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 5-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 5-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 59);
   assertNear(
@@ -3911,10 +3916,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 5-bit M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     49333.65805199466,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 5-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 5-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -3985,10 +3990,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 6-bit DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     21018.890435269164,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 6-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 6-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 59);
   assertNear(
@@ -4010,10 +4015,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 6-bit M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     47273.25541119146,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 6-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 6-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -4084,10 +4089,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 8-bit DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     19383.35314027924,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 8-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 8-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 59);
   assertNear(
@@ -4109,10 +4114,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 8-bit M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     43594.79424223976,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 8-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B MLX 8-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -4137,10 +4142,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B GGUF M5 Max aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     10206.170571957,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -4232,10 +4237,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B GGUF Q4_K_M DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     34519.68678495126,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B GGUF Q4_K_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B GGUF Q4_K_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assertNear(
     m5Result.single.aggregate,
@@ -4251,10 +4256,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B GGUF Q4_K_M M5 Max aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     77637.68383135556,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B GGUF Q4_K_M M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E2B GGUF Q4_K_M M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -4319,10 +4324,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     36466.75705150731,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assertNear(
     m5Result.single.aggregate,
@@ -4338,10 +4343,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT Q4_0 GGUF M5 Max aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     82016.80889972705,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT Q4_0 GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT Q4_0 GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -4438,10 +4443,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B QAT GGUF DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     61022.61377569922,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B QAT GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B QAT GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assertNear(
     m5Result.single.aggregate,
@@ -4457,10 +4462,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B QAT GGUF M5 Max aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     137244.9994808766,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B QAT GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E2B QAT GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -4525,10 +4530,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT W4A16 CT DGX aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     26387.17839351705,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT W4A16 CT DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT W4A16 CT DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assertNear(
     m5Result.single.aggregate,
@@ -4544,10 +4549,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT W4A16 CT M5 Max aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     59346.98730263541,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT W4A16 CT M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 E2B QAT W4A16 CT M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -4644,10 +4649,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT W4A16 CT DGX aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4988.322628766973,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT W4A16 CT DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT W4A16 CT DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assertNear(
     m5Result.single.aggregate,
@@ -4663,10 +4668,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT W4A16 CT M5 Max aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     11219.157853710336,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT W4A16 CT M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT W4A16 CT M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -4724,10 +4729,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Gemma 4 E4B base DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1040.315449503,
     0.000000001,
-    "Gemma 4 E4B base DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Gemma 4 E4B base DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -4836,10 +4841,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "leon-se Gemma 4 E4B FP8 DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1866.469542102,
     0.000000001,
-    "leon-se Gemma 4 E4B FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "leon-se Gemma 4 E4B FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -4935,10 +4940,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "prithivMLmods Gemma 4 E4B NVFP4 DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2825.200248769,
     0.000000001,
-    "prithivMLmods Gemma 4 E4B NVFP4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "prithivMLmods Gemma 4 E4B NVFP4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5023,10 +5028,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 18);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     348.3929657044281,
     0.000000001,
-    "Music Flamingo DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Music Flamingo DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5123,10 +5128,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Chunity Gemma 4 E4B AWQ DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2619.3459329892357,
     0.000000001,
-    "Chunity Gemma 4 E4B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Chunity Gemma 4 E4B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5222,10 +5227,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "cyankiwi Gemma 4 E4B AWQ DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2773.2657953763014,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Gemma 4 E4B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Gemma 4 E4B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5256,10 +5261,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "leon-se Gemma 4 E4B FP8 M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4197.847248537,
     0.000000001,
-    "leon-se Gemma 4 E4B FP8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "leon-se Gemma 4 E4B FP8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5317,10 +5322,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B GGUF DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1049.583239637,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5351,10 +5356,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B GGUF M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2360.60113237,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5415,10 +5420,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E4B GGUF DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3584.477601666,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E4B GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E4B GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5449,10 +5454,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 E4B GGUF M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8061.792115103,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E4B GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 E4B GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5513,10 +5518,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3819.145480339,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5547,10 +5552,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8589.579944791,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 E4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5628,10 +5633,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B QAT GGUF DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4163.459300340137,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B QAT GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B QAT GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -5662,10 +5667,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B QAT GGUF M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     9363.97073409833,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B QAT GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 E4B QAT GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -6030,10 +6035,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 83);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     953.8215249169874,
     0.000000001,
-    "Gemma 4 12B QAT unquantized DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Gemma 4 12B QAT unquantized DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 11);
@@ -6050,10 +6055,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Gemma 4 12B QAT unquantized M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2145.2249681283165,
     0.000000001,
-    "Gemma 4 12B QAT unquantized M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Gemma 4 12B QAT unquantized M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.best.batch, 27);
@@ -6246,10 +6251,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "RedHatAI Gemma 4 12B NVFP4 DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3184.7825608234134,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Gemma 4 12B NVFP4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Gemma 4 12B NVFP4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 37);
@@ -6351,10 +6356,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 20);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     300.17858280032874,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 31B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 31B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 20);
@@ -6378,10 +6383,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 31B Q4_K_M GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     675.1269224886514,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 31B Q4_K_M GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 31B Q4_K_M GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -6465,10 +6470,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 11);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     52.78833075034925,
     0.000000001,
-    "llmfan46 Gemma 4 31B BF16 GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "llmfan46 Gemma 4 31B BF16 GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
   assertNear(
@@ -6479,10 +6484,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     118.72540322606022,
     0.000000001,
-    "llmfan46 Gemma 4 31B BF16 GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "llmfan46 Gemma 4 31B BF16 GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "no_floor");
   assertNear(
@@ -6586,10 +6591,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "llmfan46 Gemma 4 E4B BF16 GGUF DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1049.5832505179342,
     0.000000001,
-    "llmfan46 Gemma 4 E4B BF16 GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "llmfan46 Gemma 4 E4B BF16 GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 22);
@@ -6606,10 +6611,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "llmfan46 Gemma 4 E4B BF16 GGUF M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2360.6011568425333,
     0.000000001,
-    "llmfan46 Gemma 4 E4B BF16 GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "llmfan46 Gemma 4 E4B BF16 GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.best?.batch, 32);
@@ -6692,10 +6697,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "cyankiwi Gemma 4 12B AWQ INT4 DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1167.63319274316,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Gemma 4 12B AWQ INT4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Gemma 4 12B AWQ INT4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -6775,10 +6780,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "ggml-org Gemma 4 12B GGUF DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     954.627313572,
     0.000000001,
-    "ggml-org Gemma 4 12B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "ggml-org Gemma 4 12B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -6809,10 +6814,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "ggml-org Gemma 4 12B GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2147.037254701,
     0.000000001,
-    "ggml-org Gemma 4 12B GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "ggml-org Gemma 4 12B GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -6873,10 +6878,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 12B GGUF Q4_K_M DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3614.7747050215776,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 12B GGUF Q4_K_M DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 12B GGUF Q4_K_M DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -6957,10 +6962,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "zaakirio Gemma 4 12B Uncensored GGUF Q4_K_M DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3614.774804652182,
     0.000000001,
-    "zaakirio Gemma 4 12B Uncensored GGUF Q4_K_M DGX Dennard",
+    "zaakirio Gemma 4 12B Uncensored GGUF Q4_K_M DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -7112,10 +7117,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF Q4_0 DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3839.1513209264217,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF Q4_0 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF Q4_0 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -7176,10 +7181,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF Q4_0 DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3839.151349187415,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF Q4_0 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF Q4_0 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -7240,10 +7245,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF UD-Q4_K_XL DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3997.004700180158,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF UD-Q4_K_XL DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF UD-Q4_K_XL DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -7274,10 +7279,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF UD-Q4_K_XL M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8989.600314690906,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF UD-Q4_K_XL M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 12B QAT GGUF UD-Q4_K_XL M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -7482,10 +7487,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Phi-2 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     179.98845499714673,
     0.000000001,
-    "Phi-2 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Phi-2 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -7544,10 +7549,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "DialoGPT Medium FP16 DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4682.094221205405,
     0.000000001,
-    "DialoGPT Medium FP16 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "DialoGPT Medium FP16 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -7621,10 +7626,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "BioGPT FP32 DGX Spark per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1191.0179528907304,
     0.000000001,
-    "BioGPT FP32 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "BioGPT FP32 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -7675,10 +7680,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Phi-4 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     42.72620650289599,
     0.000000001,
-    "Phi-4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Phi-4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -8264,10 +8269,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "NVIDIA Phi-4 reasoning plus NVFP4 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     338.0786716856145,
     0.000000001,
-    "NVIDIA Phi-4 reasoning plus NVFP4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "NVIDIA Phi-4 reasoning plus NVFP4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -8341,10 +8346,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Phi-3 Mini 128K DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     104.77578876,
     0.000000001,
-    "Phi-3 Mini 128K DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Phi-3 Mini 128K DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -8398,10 +8403,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Phi-3.5 Mini DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     104.77578876,
     0.000000001,
-    "Phi-3.5 Mini DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Phi-3.5 Mini DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -8473,10 +8478,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Phi-3.5 Mini Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     349.372592328,
     0.000000001,
-    "Phi-3.5 Mini Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Phi-3.5 Mini Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -8550,10 +8555,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Vikhr-Nemo 12B Q8_0 GGUF DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     144.903446593,
     0.000000001,
-    "Vikhr-Nemo 12B Q8_0 GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Vikhr-Nemo 12B Q8_0 GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -8635,10 +8640,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Ministral 3 3B FP16 GGUF DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     422.8659810185597,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Ministral 3 3B FP16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Ministral 3 3B FP16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -8748,10 +8753,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Solar Pro FP16 GGUF DGX single-session aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     14.352529801341761,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Solar Pro FP16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Solar Pro FP16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best, null);
@@ -8762,10 +8767,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Solar Pro FP16 GGUF M5 single-session aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     32.28004871071004,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Solar Pro FP16 GGUF M5 Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Solar Pro FP16 GGUF M5 memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "no_floor");
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.best, null);
@@ -8776,10 +8781,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Solar Pro FP16 GGUF M1 Ultra single-session aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m1UltraResult.dennard,
+    m1UltraResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     42.05869538854728,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Solar Pro FP16 GGUF M1 Ultra Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Solar Pro FP16 GGUF M1 Ultra memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -8854,10 +8859,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Mistral Nemo F16 GGUF DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     68.72211735437708,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Mistral Nemo F16 GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Mistral Nemo F16 GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 1);
@@ -8931,10 +8936,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Phi-3 Mini 4K DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     5118.504580350444,
     0.000000001,
-    "Phi-3 Mini 4K DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Phi-3 Mini 4K DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -9001,10 +9006,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Kaitchup Phi-3 Mini GPTQ DGX single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     19145.647820827,
     0.000001,
-    "Kaitchup Phi-3 Mini GPTQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Kaitchup Phi-3 Mini GPTQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 35);
@@ -9429,10 +9434,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Yi 1.5 6B GGUF DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2178.8412263597575,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Yi 1.5 6B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Yi 1.5 6B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 13);
@@ -9524,10 +9529,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(dgxResult.bMem, 8);
   assert.equal(dgxResult.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     154.44287837337478,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Mathstral 7B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Mathstral 7B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 3);
@@ -9619,10 +9624,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(dgxResult.bMem, 3);
   assert.equal(dgxResult.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     20.380171270001767,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Mistral Small 2409 GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Mistral Small 2409 GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best, null);
@@ -9709,10 +9714,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(dgxResult.bMem, 8);
   assert.equal(dgxResult.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     154.52966161378703,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi WizardLM 2 7B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi WizardLM 2 7B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 3);
@@ -9806,10 +9811,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Yi-Coder 1.5B GGUF DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2808.2756759973267,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Yi-Coder 1.5B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Yi-Coder 1.5B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 4);
@@ -9903,10 +9908,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Yi-Coder 9B GGUF DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     991.6006033928395,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Yi-Coder 9B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Yi-Coder 9B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 8);
@@ -10067,10 +10072,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Gemma 4 26B A4B AWQ 8-bit DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     6525.025629876776,
     0.000000001,
-    "Gemma 4 26B A4B AWQ 8-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Gemma 4 26B A4B AWQ 8-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 22);
   assertNear(
@@ -10147,10 +10152,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Gemma 4 26B A4B QAT MLX DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     16288.814630623921,
     0.000000001,
-    "Gemma 4 26B A4B QAT MLX DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Gemma 4 26B A4B QAT MLX DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -10220,10 +10225,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     16288.814630623921,
     0.000000001,
-    "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -10299,10 +10304,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX 5-bit DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     13523.102536049713,
     0.000000001,
-    "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX 5-bit DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX 5-bit DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -10378,10 +10383,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX 6-bit DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     11455.76734372208,
     0.000000001,
-    "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX 6-bit DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX 6-bit DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -10457,10 +10462,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX 8-bit DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8571.450932808382,
     0.000000001,
-    "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX 8-bit DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Gemma 4 26B A4B MLX 8-bit DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -10539,10 +10544,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 26B A4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     16776.797866192403,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 26B A4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 26B A4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 45);
@@ -10643,10 +10648,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 26B A4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     16776.797657675677,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 26B A4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 26B A4B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 45);
@@ -10706,10 +10711,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 31B DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     88.49625946752622,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 31B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 31B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -10809,10 +10814,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 30);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     255.3815264144366,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Gemma 4 31B FP8 Dynamic DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Gemma 4 31B FP8 Dynamic DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5 = profiled(
@@ -10827,10 +10832,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "RedHatAI Gemma 4 31B FP8 Dynamic M5 Max single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5.dennard,
+    m5.memoryPowerCeiling,
     574.3745685658024,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Gemma 4 31B FP8 Dynamic M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Gemma 4 31B FP8 Dynamic M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -10890,10 +10895,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "OLMo 2 0425 1B DGX Spark aggregate at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     232.1092428490017,
     0.000000001,
-    "OLMo 2 0425 1B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "OLMo 2 0425 1B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5 = profiled(
@@ -10915,10 +10920,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "OLMo 2 0425 1B M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5.dennard,
+    m5.memoryPowerCeiling,
     522.0332421585605,
     0.000000001,
-    "OLMo 2 0425 1B M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "OLMo 2 0425 1B M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -11095,10 +11100,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "OLMoE 1B 7B 0125 Instruct DGX Spark per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     937.7318005036676,
     0.000000001,
-    "OLMoE 1B 7B 0125 Instruct DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "OLMoE 1B 7B 0125 Instruct DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 5);
@@ -11115,10 +11120,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "OLMoE 1B 7B 0125 Instruct M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2109.0378223782122,
     0.000000001,
-    "OLMoE 1B 7B 0125 Instruct M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "OLMoE 1B 7B 0125 Instruct M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.best.batch, 7);
@@ -11200,10 +11205,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "OLMo 3 7B Instruct SFT DGX Spark single-session bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     141.93814198806817,
     0.000000001,
-    "OLMo 3 7B Instruct SFT DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "OLMo 3 7B Instruct SFT DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5 = profiled(
@@ -11225,10 +11230,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "OLMo 3 7B Instruct SFT M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5.dennard,
+    m5.memoryPowerCeiling,
     319.2308394896478,
     0.000000001,
-    "OLMo 3 7B Instruct SFT M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "OLMo 3 7B Instruct SFT M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -11302,10 +11307,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "OLMo 3 7B Instruct DGX Spark single-session bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     141.93814198806817,
     0.000000001,
-    "OLMo 3 7B Instruct DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "OLMo 3 7B Instruct DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5 = profiled(
@@ -11327,10 +11332,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "OLMo 3 7B Instruct M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5.dennard,
+    m5.memoryPowerCeiling,
     319.2308394896478,
     0.000000001,
-    "OLMo 3 7B Instruct M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "OLMo 3 7B Instruct M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -11393,10 +11398,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 33);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     474.10516093765483,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 31B QAT W4A16 CT DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 31B QAT W4A16 CT DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -11463,10 +11468,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 31B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX Spark single",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     321.0640959174081,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 31B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX Spark Dennard",
+    "Google Gemma 4 31B QAT Q4_0 GGUF DGX Spark memory-power ceiling",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -11547,10 +11552,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Gemma 4 31B QAT GGUF DGX Spark single",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     321.0640918017246,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Gemma 4 31B QAT GGUF DGX Spark Dennard",
+    "LM Studio Gemma 4 31B QAT GGUF DGX Spark memory-power ceiling",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -11635,10 +11640,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "douyamv Gemma 4 31B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     513.1316749714557,
     0.000000001,
-    "douyamv Gemma 4 31B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "douyamv Gemma 4 31B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 8);
@@ -11712,10 +11717,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 33);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     474.1052576072824,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Gemma 4 31B NVFP4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Gemma 4 31B NVFP4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -11821,10 +11826,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 69);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     987.1256465849583,
     0.000000001,
-    "LilaRest Gemma 4 31B NVFP4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "LilaRest Gemma 4 31B NVFP4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 15);
@@ -11887,10 +11892,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 34);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     474.42487476783765,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Gemma 4 31B AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Gemma 4 31B AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -11921,10 +11926,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "cyankiwi Gemma 4 31B AWQ M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1067.021513214111,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Gemma 4 31B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Gemma 4 31B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -11978,10 +11983,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 34);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     487.51848399937734,
     0.000000001,
-    "QuantTrio Gemma 4 31B AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "QuantTrio Gemma 4 31B AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -12012,10 +12017,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "QuantTrio Gemma 4 31B AWQ M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1096.470143500431,
     0.000000001,
-    "QuantTrio Gemma 4 31B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "QuantTrio Gemma 4 31B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -12069,10 +12074,10 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 35);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     562.3683502790444,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 31B IQ4_NL GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 31B IQ4_NL GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -12103,10 +12108,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 31B IQ4_NL GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1264.8137987960927,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 31B IQ4_NL GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 31B IQ4_NL GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -12137,10 +12142,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Google Gemma 4 31B QAT W4A16 CT M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1066.3024498744326,
     0.000000001,
-    "Google Gemma 4 31B QAT W4A16 CT M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Google Gemma 4 31B QAT W4A16 CT M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -12262,10 +12267,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth GLM 4.7 Flash IQ4_NL GGUF DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2229.2593307475668,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth GLM 4.7 Flash IQ4_NL GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth GLM 4.7 Flash IQ4_NL GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 12);
@@ -12364,10 +12369,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio GLM 4.7 Flash MLX 8-bit DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1167.2005264592126,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio GLM 4.7 Flash MLX 8-bit DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio GLM 4.7 Flash MLX 8-bit DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 9);
@@ -12466,10 +12471,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio GLM 4.7 Flash MLX 6-bit DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1665.5310825155973,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio GLM 4.7 Flash MLX 6-bit DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio GLM 4.7 Flash MLX 6-bit DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 10);
@@ -12596,7 +12601,7 @@ for (const reference of [
   );
   assertNear(
     catalogRow.adapter.active_weight_gb,
-    48.643642944,
+    48.039663168,
     0.000000001,
     "NVIDIA GLM 5.2 NVFP4 catalog active traffic",
   );
@@ -12630,7 +12635,7 @@ for (const reference of [
   );
   assertNear(
     item.architecture.weight_adapter.routed_expert_weight_gb,
-    1.668024072,
+    1.5925266,
     0.000000001,
     "NVIDIA GLM 5.2 NVFP4 routed expert group",
   );
@@ -12643,7 +12648,7 @@ for (const reference of [
   );
   assertNear(
     result.single.batchWeight,
-    48.643642944,
+    48.039663168,
     0.000000001,
     "NVIDIA GLM 5.2 NVFP4 DGX single-session MoE traffic",
   );
@@ -12661,16 +12666,16 @@ for (const reference of [
   );
   assertNear(
     result.single.aggregate,
-    2.0916561111493857,
+    2.1013803293648734,
     0.000000001,
     "NVIDIA GLM 5.2 NVFP4 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "resident_not_fit");
   assertNear(
     m5Result.single.aggregate,
-    4.704310814086897,
+    4.726181400110009,
     0.000000001,
     "NVIDIA GLM 5.2 NVFP4 M5 Max single-session tok/s",
   );
@@ -12679,21 +12684,21 @@ for (const reference of [
   assert.equal(gb300Result.best.batch, 1);
   assertNear(
     gb300Result.single.aggregate,
-    54.398382377877795,
+    54.651283291174366,
     0.000000001,
     "NVIDIA GLM 5.2 NVFP4 GB300 single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
     gb300Result.best.aggregate,
-    54.398382377877795,
+    54.651283291174366,
     0.000000001,
     "NVIDIA GLM 5.2 NVFP4 GB300 aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    gb300Result.dennard,
-    156.99546867673791,
+    gb300Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    158.96929783687972,
     0.000000001,
-    "NVIDIA GLM 5.2 NVFP4 GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "NVIDIA GLM 5.2 NVFP4 GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -13106,10 +13111,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Kimi K2.7 Code GGUF GB300 per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    gb300Result.dennard,
+    gb300Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     30045.823720252985,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Kimi K2.7 Code GGUF GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Kimi K2.7 Code GGUF GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -13197,7 +13202,7 @@ for (const reference of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -13302,7 +13307,7 @@ for (const reference of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -13375,10 +13380,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 1.7B Base DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     806.280810907,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 1.7B Base DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 1.7B Base DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -13448,10 +13453,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 1.7B GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     801.8752951280834,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 1.7B GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 1.7B GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 7);
   assertNear(
@@ -13535,10 +13540,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 1.7B GPTQ Int8 DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1358.152210838758,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 1.7B GPTQ Int8 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 1.7B GPTQ Int8 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 7);
@@ -13677,10 +13682,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 4B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     873.2084350216029,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 4B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 4B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -13711,10 +13716,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 4B Q4_K_M GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1963.9193373745943,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 4B Q4_K_M GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 4B Q4_K_M GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -13780,10 +13785,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B GGUF DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     257.6176031900255,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 4);
@@ -13800,10 +13805,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     579.4036936215224,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.best?.batch, 6);
@@ -13895,10 +13900,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3 4B GGUF DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     257.6176023063605,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3 4B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3 4B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 4);
@@ -13915,10 +13920,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3 4B GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     579.4036916340854,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3 4B GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3 4B GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.best?.batch, 6);
@@ -14011,10 +14016,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 GGUF DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     257.6176037054967,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 4);
@@ -14031,10 +14036,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     579.4036947808606,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.best?.batch, 6);
@@ -14143,10 +14148,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 4B Thinking 2507 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     257.6447730999812,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 4B Thinking 2507 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 4B Thinking 2507 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -14221,10 +14226,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 8B Base DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     126.73694480535593,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 8B Base DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 8B Base DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 7);
@@ -14242,10 +14247,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 8B Base M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     285.04206633878584,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 8B Base M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 8B Base M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -14296,7 +14301,12 @@ for (const reference of [
     0.000001,
     "Qwen3 8B FP8 per-session throughput at b*",
   );
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 249.87775, 0.000001, "Qwen3 8B FP8 Dennard bound");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    249.87775,
+    0.000001,
+    "Qwen3 8B FP8 memory-power bound",
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -14347,10 +14357,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 8B AWQ DGX Spark aggregate throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     434.456309752,
     0.000001,
-    "Qwen3 8B AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 8B AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 5);
@@ -14367,10 +14377,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 8B AWQ M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     977.128843178,
     0.000001,
-    "Qwen3 8B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 8B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -14427,10 +14437,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 8B GGUF DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     126.72374411947092,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 8B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 8B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 7);
@@ -14448,10 +14458,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 8B GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     285.0123768840848,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 8B GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 8B GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.bMem, 7);
@@ -14546,10 +14556,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3 8B GGUF DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     126.72374364981552,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3 8B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3 8B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 7);
@@ -14567,10 +14577,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3 8B GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     285.0123758277902,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3 8B GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3 8B GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.bMem, 7);
@@ -14700,10 +14710,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi DeepSeek R1 Qwen3 8B GGUF DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     703.5225926101233,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi DeepSeek R1 Qwen3 8B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi DeepSeek R1 Qwen3 8B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 5);
@@ -14795,10 +14805,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 14B FP8 DGX single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     116.9556518900355,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 14B FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 14B FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 3);
@@ -14921,10 +14931,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "JunHowie Qwen3 14B GPTQ Int4 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     217.49519029997802,
     0.000000001,
-    "JunHowie Qwen3 14B GPTQ Int4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "JunHowie Qwen3 14B GPTQ Int4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 4);
@@ -15033,10 +15043,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Llama 3 8B Instruct 64k GGUF FP16 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     144.2137078917169,
     0.000000001,
-    "Llama 3 8B Instruct 64k GGUF FP16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Llama 3 8B Instruct 64k GGUF FP16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 3);
@@ -15132,10 +15142,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 14B GGUF DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     53.865375751833895,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 14B GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 14B GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best, null);
@@ -15202,10 +15212,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Hermes 4 14B AWQ DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     202.90641890171614,
     0.000000001,
-    "Hermes 4 14B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Hermes 4 14B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -15310,10 +15320,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 32B FP8 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     27.23067086086056,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 32B FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 32B FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 3);
@@ -15381,10 +15391,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 32B AWQ DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     59.00224021802882,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 32B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 32B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 1);
@@ -15461,10 +15471,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 32B GGUF DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     92.78297888678482,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 32B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 32B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 4);
@@ -15482,10 +15492,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 32B GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     208.6767363973842,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 32B GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 32B GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.bMem, 4);
@@ -15596,10 +15606,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "NVIDIA Qwen3 8B NVFP4 DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     816.434628193026,
     0.000000001,
-    "NVIDIA Qwen3 8B NVFP4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "NVIDIA Qwen3 8B NVFP4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 10);
@@ -15696,10 +15706,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "NVIDIA Qwen3 32B NVFP4 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     108.26333064053506,
     0.000000001,
-    "NVIDIA Qwen3 32B NVFP4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "NVIDIA Qwen3 32B NVFP4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 2);
@@ -15806,10 +15816,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "TheBloke Mistral 7B AWQ DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     620.506967223216,
     0.000000001,
-    "TheBloke Mistral 7B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "TheBloke Mistral 7B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -15921,10 +15931,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "TheBloke Mistral 7B GGUF DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     560.8793979225626,
     0.000000001,
-    "TheBloke Mistral 7B GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "TheBloke Mistral 7B GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -16021,10 +16031,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Mistral 7B v0.3 GGUF DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     154.44287781124618,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Mistral 7B v0.3 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Mistral 7B v0.3 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 3);
@@ -16109,10 +16119,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Mistral Small 24B AWQ DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     136.6987127594391,
     0.000000001,
-    "Mistral Small 24B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Mistral Small 24B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 3);
@@ -16208,10 +16218,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Mistral Small 24B GGUF F16 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     26.50043595250848,
     0.000000001,
-    "Mistral Small 24B GGUF F16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Mistral Small 24B GGUF F16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best, null);
@@ -16313,10 +16323,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Mistral Small 3.2 AWQ DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     136.59626337595603,
     0.000000001,
-    "Mistral Small 3.2 AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Mistral Small 3.2 AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 3);
@@ -16427,10 +16437,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Mistral Small 3.1 24B HF GGUF F16 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     26.500435545069607,
     0.000000001,
-    "Mistral Small 3.1 24B HF GGUF F16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Mistral Small 3.1 24B HF GGUF F16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best, null);
@@ -16548,10 +16558,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 30B A3B Q2_K GGUF DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2301.238715308098,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 30B A3B Q2_K GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen3 30B A3B Q2_K GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -16628,10 +16638,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 30B A3B FP8 DGX Spark per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     605.692174306,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 30B A3B FP8 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 30B A3B FP8 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -16726,10 +16736,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 30B A3B GPTQ Int4 DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1383.2644309844059,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 30B A3B GPTQ Int4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 30B A3B GPTQ Int4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 7);
@@ -16861,10 +16871,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 30B A3B Thinking 2507 DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     269.0295462402111,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 30B A3B Thinking 2507 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 30B A3B Thinking 2507 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -16945,10 +16955,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507 FP8 DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     732.8451182368863,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507 FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507 FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17023,10 +17033,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507 AWQ DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1300.1915301346467,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507 AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507 AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17107,10 +17117,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3 30B A3B Thinking 2507 AWQ DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1300.1915301346467,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3 30B A3B Thinking 2507 AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3 30B A3B Thinking 2507 AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17177,10 +17187,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507 IQ4_NL GGUF DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1548.582692,
     0.000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507 IQ4_NL GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 2507 IQ4_NL GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17257,10 +17267,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3-Coder 30B A3B IQ4_NL GGUF DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1548.5826492144122,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3-Coder 30B A3B IQ4_NL GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3-Coder 30B A3B IQ4_NL GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 7);
   assertNear(
@@ -17357,7 +17367,12 @@ for (const reference of [
     1,
     "Qwen3-Coder 30B A3B FP8 DGX aggregate",
   );
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 733, 50, "Qwen3-Coder 30B A3B FP8 DGX Dennard");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    733,
+    50,
+    "Qwen3-Coder 30B A3B FP8 DGX memory-power ceiling",
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -17448,10 +17463,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "QuantTrio Qwen3-Coder AWQ DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1391.239552,
     0.000001,
-    "QuantTrio Qwen3-Coder AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "QuantTrio Qwen3-Coder AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17475,10 +17490,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "QuantTrio Qwen3-Coder AWQ M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3129.014964,
     0.000001,
-    "QuantTrio Qwen3-Coder AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "QuantTrio Qwen3-Coder AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17586,10 +17601,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "nm-testing Qwen3-Coder W4A16 DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1400.0108742620898,
     0.000000001,
-    "nm-testing Qwen3-Coder W4A16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "nm-testing Qwen3-Coder W4A16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17613,10 +17628,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "nm-testing Qwen3-Coder W4A16 M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3148.742405849535,
     0.000000001,
-    "nm-testing Qwen3-Coder W4A16 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "nm-testing Qwen3-Coder W4A16 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17724,10 +17739,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder AWQ DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1300.1915301346467,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17757,10 +17772,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder AWQ M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2924.2402912185826,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17866,10 +17881,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 4-bit DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1668.5989019678234,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 4-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 4-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17893,10 +17908,10 @@ for (const reference of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 4-bit M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3752.819508455104,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 4-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 4-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -17916,11 +17931,11 @@ for (const spec of [
     dgxBatch: 2,
     dgxAggregate: 57.16757603178721,
     dgxPerSession: 28.583788015893607,
-    dgxDennard: 1314.6045071523997,
+    dgxMemoryPowerCeiling: 1314.6045071523997,
     m5Single: 117.23622750042036,
     m5Batch: 7,
     m5Aggregate: 142.73866356906686,
-    m5Dennard: 2956.6562908116243,
+    m5MemoryPowerCeiling: 2956.6562908116243,
   },
   {
     repo: "lmstudio-community/Qwen3-Coder-30B-A3B-Instruct-MLX-6bit",
@@ -17937,11 +17952,11 @@ for (const spec of [
     dgxBatch: 2,
     dgxAggregate: 53.828040105491034,
     dgxPerSession: 26.914020052745517,
-    dgxDennard: 1069.5128735994545,
+    dgxMemoryPowerCeiling: 1069.5128735994545,
     m5Single: 109.30136719362372,
     m5Batch: 6,
     m5Aggregate: 134.2726630715874,
-    m5Dennard: 2405.4245582053663,
+    m5MemoryPowerCeiling: 2405.4245582053663,
   },
 ]) {
   const catalogRow = model(spec.repo);
@@ -18033,10 +18048,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     `LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX ${spec.label} DGX per-session throughput`,
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
-    spec.dgxDennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    spec.dgxMemoryPowerCeiling,
     0.000000001,
-    `LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX ${spec.label} DGX Dennard bound`,
+    `LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX ${spec.label} DGX memory-power bound`,
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, spec.m5Batch);
@@ -18053,10 +18068,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     `LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX ${spec.label} M5 Max aggregate throughput`,
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
-    spec.m5Dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    spec.m5MemoryPowerCeiling,
     0.000000001,
-    `LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX ${spec.label} M5 Max Dennard bound`,
+    `LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX ${spec.label} M5 Max memory-power bound`,
   );
 }
 
@@ -18156,10 +18171,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 8-bit DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     752.3128834857988,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 8-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 8-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -18183,10 +18198,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 8-bit M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1692.0150566310638,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 8-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder MLX 8-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -18230,7 +18245,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -18266,10 +18281,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3-Coder 480B A35B FP8 GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2028.4424873646885,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3-Coder 480B A35B FP8 GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3-Coder 480B A35B FP8 GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -18634,10 +18649,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 5);
   assert.equal(result.best.batch, 1);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     258.169721404,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 Omni 30B A3B Thinking DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 Omni 30B A3B Thinking DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -18700,10 +18715,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Kimi VL A3B Instruct DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     166.88544181773716,
     0.000000001,
-    "Kimi VL A3B Instruct DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Kimi VL A3B Instruct DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -18734,10 +18749,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Kimi VL A3B Instruct M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     375.3394185937385,
     0.000000001,
-    "Kimi VL A3B Instruct M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Kimi VL A3B Instruct M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -18946,7 +18961,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -18982,10 +18997,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "NVIDIA DeepSeek V4 Flash NVFP4 4x RTX PRO per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     184418.585401121,
     0.000000001,
-    "NVIDIA DeepSeek V4 Flash NVFP4 4x RTX PRO Dennard bound",
+    "NVIDIA DeepSeek V4 Flash NVFP4 4x RTX PRO memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19098,7 +19113,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(dgx.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(dgx.best, null);
-  assert.equal(dgx.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(dgx.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 
   const gb300 = profiled(
     "nvidia/DeepSeek-V4-Pro-NVFP4",
@@ -19220,10 +19235,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 2B AWQ DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1980.762532838425,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 2B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 2B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19280,10 +19295,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3 VL 2B GGUF DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     806.1798623536436,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3 VL 2B GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3 VL 2B GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19386,10 +19401,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 4B AWQ DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     758.1905027107199,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 4B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 4B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19420,10 +19435,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 4B AWQ M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1705.2343174519488,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 4B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 4B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19500,10 +19515,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     956.4652362435886,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19534,10 +19549,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2151.1708976321,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19614,10 +19629,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 8-bit DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     497.69358048135837,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 8-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 8-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19648,10 +19663,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 8-bit M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1119.3547927309671,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 8-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 8-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19728,10 +19743,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 6-bit DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     656.5076226863522,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 6-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 6-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19762,10 +19777,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 6-bit M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1476.54095358762,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 6-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 6-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19842,10 +19857,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 5-bit DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     779.2214223808791,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 5-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 5-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19876,10 +19891,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 5-bit M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1752.53462762586,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 5-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3 VL 4B MLX 5-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19925,10 +19940,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3 VL 4B Instruct FP8 DGX aggregate throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     478.23257619419377,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 VL 4B Instruct FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 VL 4B Instruct FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -19959,10 +19974,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3 VL 4B Instruct FP8 M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1075.5853545173443,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 VL 4B Instruct FP8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 VL 4B Instruct FP8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -20094,10 +20109,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 3);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     26.847954861258643,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 VL 32B Instruct FP8 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 VL 32B Instruct FP8 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -20158,10 +20173,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "QuantTrio Qwen3 VL 32B AWQ DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     58.304506343,
     0.000001,
-    "QuantTrio Qwen3 VL 32B AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "QuantTrio Qwen3 VL 32B AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 1);
@@ -20178,10 +20193,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "QuantTrio Qwen3 VL 32B AWQ M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     131.131746867,
     0.000001,
-    "QuantTrio Qwen3 VL 32B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "QuantTrio Qwen3 VL 32B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -20212,10 +20227,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3 VL 32B Instruct FP8 GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     5822.4677497270495,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 VL 32B Instruct FP8 GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 VL 32B Instruct FP8 GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -20263,10 +20278,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 3);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     26.847954861258643,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 VL 32B Thinking FP8 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 VL 32B Thinking FP8 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -20297,10 +20312,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3 VL 32B Thinking FP8 GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     5822.4677497270495,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 VL 32B Thinking FP8 GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 VL 32B Thinking FP8 GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -20490,10 +20505,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3 235B A22B Instruct 2507 FP8 GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8349.694599340693,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 235B A22B Instruct 2507 FP8 GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 235B A22B Instruct 2507 FP8 GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -20636,10 +20651,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3 VL 235B A22B FP8 GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    gb300Result.dennard,
+    gb300Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8329.152543089573,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 VL 235B A22B FP8 GB300 Dennard",
+    "Qwen3 VL 235B A22B FP8 GB300 memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -20750,10 +20765,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "NVIDIA Qwen3 VL 235B A22B NVFP4 GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    gb300Result.dennard,
+    gb300Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     17027.068062667946,
     0.000000001,
-    "NVIDIA Qwen3 VL 235B A22B NVFP4 GB300 Dennard",
+    "NVIDIA Qwen3 VL 235B A22B NVFP4 GB300 memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -20813,10 +20828,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3 VL 30B A3B BF16 DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     264.11206401249603,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 VL 30B A3B BF16 Dennard",
+    "Qwen3 VL 30B A3B BF16 memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -20884,10 +20899,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3 VL 30B A3B FP8 DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     723.8561855145952,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 VL 30B A3B FP8 Dennard",
+    "Qwen3 VL 30B A3B FP8 memory-power ceiling",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -20950,10 +20965,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "QuantTrio Qwen3 VL 30B A3B AWQ DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1376.7165925681934,
     0.000000001,
-    "QuantTrio Qwen3 VL 30B A3B AWQ Dennard",
+    "QuantTrio Qwen3 VL 30B A3B AWQ memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -21020,10 +21035,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 30B A3B AWQ DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1286.447882753505,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 30B A3B AWQ Dennard",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3 VL 30B A3B AWQ memory-power ceiling",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 7);
@@ -21102,10 +21117,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "ERNIE 4.5 VL 28B A3B DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     433.8939463206842,
     0.000000001,
-    "ERNIE 4.5 VL 28B A3B Dennard",
+    "ERNIE 4.5 VL 28B A3B memory-power ceiling",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 5);
@@ -21470,10 +21485,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Qwen2.5 1.5B W8A8 DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     6304.105884569162,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Qwen2.5 1.5B W8A8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Qwen2.5 1.5B W8A8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -21599,10 +21614,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 1.5B Instruct GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3590.6048846465806,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 1.5B Instruct GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 1.5B Instruct GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 30);
   assertNear(
@@ -21694,10 +21709,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Qwen2.5 1.5B Instruct Q2_K DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     16948.34120410883,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen2.5 1.5B Instruct Q2_K DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Qwen2.5 1.5B Instruct Q2_K DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 32);
   assertNear(
@@ -21887,10 +21902,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 0.5B Instruct GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     26693.55028665493,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 0.5B Instruct GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 0.5B Instruct GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 75);
   assertNear(
@@ -21945,10 +21960,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Math 1.5B DGX Spark aggregate bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3605.528622963,
     0.000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Math 1.5B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Math 1.5B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -21999,10 +22014,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Math 1.5B Instruct DGX Spark aggregate bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3605.528622963,
     0.000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Math 1.5B Instruct DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Math 1.5B Instruct DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -22072,10 +22087,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Coder 1.5B DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3605.5286229633844,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Coder 1.5B DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Coder 1.5B DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 30);
@@ -22144,10 +22159,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Coder 1.5B Instruct DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3605.528622963,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Coder 1.5B Instruct DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Coder 1.5B Instruct DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -22178,10 +22193,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Coder 1.5B Instruct M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8109.137635529,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Coder 1.5B Instruct M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Coder 1.5B Instruct M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -22265,10 +22280,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Coder 3B Instruct DGX Spark per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1365.816873827231,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Coder 3B Instruct DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Coder 3B Instruct DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 30);
@@ -22335,10 +22350,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 3B DGX Spark per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1365.816873827,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 3B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 3B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -22552,10 +22567,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 VL 3B AWQ DGX aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4182.984768413783,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 VL 3B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 VL 3B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assertNear(
     m5Result.single.aggregate,
@@ -22571,10 +22586,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 VL 3B AWQ M5 Max aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     9407.885156798766,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 VL 3B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 VL 3B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -22666,10 +22681,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Qwen2.5 VL 3B W4A16 DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4183.001062146388,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Qwen2.5 VL 3B W4A16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Qwen2.5 VL 3B W4A16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 24);
@@ -22783,10 +22798,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Qwen2.5 VL 3B W8A8 DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2497.44677335443,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Qwen2.5 VL 3B W8A8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Qwen2.5 VL 3B W8A8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 23);
@@ -22882,10 +22897,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 1);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     37.761119637,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2 Audio 7B Instruct DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2 Audio 7B Instruct DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -22904,10 +22919,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 1);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     84.927939404,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2 Audio 7B Instruct M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2 Audio 7B Instruct M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -22953,10 +22968,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 18);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     352.711042188,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 7B base DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 7B base DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23055,10 +23070,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Math 7B Instruct DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     352.7110421882862,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Math 7B Instruct DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Math 7B Instruct DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 9);
@@ -23120,10 +23135,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     352.7110421882862,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23236,10 +23251,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct GGUF Q5_K_M DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1076.9094551509895,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct GGUF Q5_K_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct GGUF Q5_K_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assertNear(
     m5Result.single.aggregate,
@@ -23255,10 +23270,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct GGUF Q5_K_M M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2422.0600932699913,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct GGUF Q5_K_M M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct GGUF Q5_K_M M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23321,10 +23336,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct GPTQ Int4 DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1214.520077601,
     0.000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct GPTQ Int4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct GPTQ Int4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23410,10 +23425,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct AWQ DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1215.796126552,
     0.000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Coder 7B Instruct AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23559,10 +23574,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2.8233976425449123,
     0.000000001,
-    "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23611,10 +23626,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2.8233976425449123,
     0.000000001,
-    "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23633,10 +23648,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 M5 Max single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     6.3500591667493635,
     0.000000001,
-    "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23689,10 +23704,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 FP8 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     37.11214678920625,
     0.000000001,
-    "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 FP8 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 FP8 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23711,10 +23726,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 FP8 M5 Max single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     83.46834479330636,
     0.000000001,
-    "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 FP8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 FP8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23763,10 +23778,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 57);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     942.9638918173164,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron Nano 9B v2 BF16 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron Nano 9B v2 BF16 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23848,10 +23863,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron Nano 12B v2 VL BF16 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     421.01955071497434,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron Nano 12B v2 VL BF16 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron Nano 12B v2 VL BF16 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 7);
@@ -23874,10 +23889,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron Nano 12B v2 VL BF16 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     946.908440069576,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron Nano 12B v2 VL BF16 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron Nano 12B v2 VL BF16 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23962,10 +23977,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron Nano 9B v2 FP8 DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1844.264800061,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron Nano 9B v2 FP8 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron Nano 9B v2 FP8 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -23996,10 +24011,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron Nano 9B v2 FP8 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4147.906912958,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron Nano 9B v2 FP8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron Nano 9B v2 FP8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -24048,10 +24063,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron 3 Nano 30B BF16 DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3621.6162593181825,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron 3 Nano 30B BF16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron 3 Nano 30B BF16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -24126,10 +24141,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron 3 Nano 30B NVFP4 DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     26701.832469856658,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron 3 Nano 30B NVFP4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron 3 Nano 30B NVFP4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -24204,10 +24219,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron 3 Nano 30B FP8 DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     16808.886258937506,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron 3 Nano 30B FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron 3 Nano 30B FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -24284,10 +24299,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron 3 Nano Omni BF16 DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3570.1705885532006,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron 3 Nano Omni BF16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron 3 Nano Omni BF16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -24329,7 +24344,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -24370,7 +24385,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -24400,10 +24415,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron 3 Super FP8 M2 Ultra 192GB per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     5690.405308853797,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron 3 Super FP8 M2 Ultra 192GB Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron 3 Super FP8 M2 Ultra 192GB memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -24452,10 +24467,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron 3 Super NVFP4 DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1725.3976776238326,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron 3 Super NVFP4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron 3 Super NVFP4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -24486,10 +24501,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron 3 Super NVFP4 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3880.5647401503047,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron 3 Super NVFP4 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron 3 Super NVFP4 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -24531,7 +24546,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -24567,10 +24582,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nemotron 3 Ultra NVFP4 4x RTX PRO per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4111.405433821978,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nemotron 3 Ultra NVFP4 4x RTX PRO Dennard bound",
+    "Nemotron 3 Ultra NVFP4 4x RTX PRO memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -24612,7 +24627,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -24660,10 +24675,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 7);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     142.291431195,
     0.000000001,
-    "Llama Nemotron Nano VL DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Llama Nemotron Nano VL DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -24780,10 +24795,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 3B Instruct AWQ DGX Spark aggregate throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4208.636896114454,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 3B Instruct AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 3B Instruct AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 24);
   assertNear(
@@ -24924,10 +24939,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 5);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     181.17453821547426,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 14B GPTQ Int4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 14B GPTQ Int4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -24958,10 +24973,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 14B GPTQ Int4 M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     407.47680023553545,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 14B GPTQ Int4 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 14B GPTQ Int4 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25007,10 +25022,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 2);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     16.704415158,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 72B Instruct AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 72B Instruct AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25055,7 +25070,7 @@ for (const spec of [
     0.000000001,
     "Qwen2.5 72B Instruct BF16 DGX single-session bound despite non-fit resident payload",
   );
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -25167,10 +25182,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Calamitous Qwen2.5 32B FP8 DGX single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     27.23210637488365,
     0.000000001,
-    "Calamitous Qwen2.5 32B FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Calamitous Qwen2.5 32B FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 3);
@@ -25182,10 +25197,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Calamitous Qwen2.5 32B FP8 M5 Max single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     61.247301517137586,
     0.000000001,
-    "Calamitous Qwen2.5 32B FP8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Calamitous Qwen2.5 32B FP8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25244,10 +25259,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Sugoi 32B Ultra F16 GGUF DGX single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8.86618452430719,
     0.000000001,
-    "Sugoi 32B Ultra F16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Sugoi 32B Ultra F16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 2);
@@ -25259,10 +25274,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Sugoi 32B Ultra F16 GGUF M5 Max single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     19.940795963093827,
     0.000000001,
-    "Sugoi 32B Ultra F16 GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Sugoi 32B Ultra F16 GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25308,10 +25323,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 VL 32B Instruct DGX single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8.419271110228358,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 VL 32B Instruct DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 VL 32B Instruct DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25356,7 +25371,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -25427,10 +25442,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 2);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     16.404190186945065,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 VL 72B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 VL 72B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25455,10 +25470,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 VL 72B AWQ 4x RTX PRO per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1862.7899570966754,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 VL 72B AWQ 4x RTX PRO Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 VL 72B AWQ 4x RTX PRO memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25483,10 +25498,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 VL 72B Instruct 4x RTX PRO per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     350.77272176356763,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 VL 72B Instruct 4x RTX PRO Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 VL 72B Instruct 4x RTX PRO memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25535,10 +25550,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 2);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8.867832391,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 32B DGX Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 32B DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25557,10 +25572,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 2);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     19.944502155,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 32B M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 32B M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25609,10 +25624,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     58.992896662981124,
     0.000000001,
-    "Casper Hansen DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 32B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Casper Hansen DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 32B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25637,10 +25652,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Casper Hansen DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 32B AWQ M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     132.6799946925656,
     0.000000001,
-    "Casper Hansen DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 32B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Casper Hansen DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 32B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25813,10 +25828,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     58.992896663,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 32B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 32B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25841,10 +25856,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 32B AWQ M5 Max aggregate throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     132.679994693,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 32B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 32B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25893,10 +25908,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     58.93458909157554,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 32B GPTQ Int4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 32B GPTQ Int4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -25921,10 +25936,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 32B GPTQ Int4 M5 Max aggregate throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     132.54885605211496,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 32B GPTQ Int4 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 32B GPTQ Int4 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -26005,10 +26020,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 32B GPTQ Int8 DGX single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     26.39369664944565,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 32B GPTQ Int8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 32B GPTQ Int8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 3);
   assert.equal(m5Result.best, null);
@@ -26019,10 +26034,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 32B GPTQ Int8 M5 Max single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     59.361647409375934,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 32B GPTQ Int8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 32B GPTQ Int8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -26071,10 +26086,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen2.5 Coder 14B AWQ single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     181.37259851429485,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 Coder 14B AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 Coder 14B AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -26138,10 +26153,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen2.5 Coder 14B MLX 4-bit DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     197.02704309293063,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen2.5 Coder 14B MLX 4-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen2.5 Coder 14B MLX 4-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 3);
@@ -26205,10 +26220,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen2.5 Coder 14B MLX 8-bit DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     97.4217173403159,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen2.5 Coder 14B MLX 8-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen2.5 Coder 14B MLX 8-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 2);
@@ -26724,10 +26739,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "gpt-oss-safeguard-20b DGX per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3178.5519505718958,
     0.000000001,
-    "gpt-oss-safeguard-20b DGX Dennard bound",
+    "gpt-oss-safeguard-20b DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 23);
@@ -27135,10 +27150,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "ggml-org gpt-oss-120b GGUF DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1164.9699035576941,
     0.000000001,
-    "ggml-org gpt-oss-120b GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "ggml-org gpt-oss-120b GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -27235,10 +27250,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "SakamakiSmile Qwen3.6 27B Text NVFP4 MTP single RTX PRO per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2197.4356377060953,
     0.000000001,
-    "SakamakiSmile Qwen3.6 27B Text NVFP4 MTP single RTX PRO Dennard bound",
+    "SakamakiSmile Qwen3.6 27B Text NVFP4 MTP single RTX PRO memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -27329,10 +27344,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B MLX 4-bit DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     7707.906276927898,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B MLX 4-bit DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B MLX 4-bit DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -27401,10 +27416,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B MLX 6-bit DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2700.5339319149016,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B MLX 6-bit DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B MLX 6-bit DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -27473,10 +27488,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B MLX 8-bit DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3394.6905558568737,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B MLX 8-bit DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B MLX 8-bit DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -27601,10 +27616,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 35B A3B AWQ DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2777.1775561760096,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 35B A3B AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 35B A3B AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -27627,10 +27642,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 35B A3B AWQ M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     6246.106298505751,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 35B A3B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 35B A3B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -27722,10 +27737,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nex-N2-mini AWQ INT4 DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2768.208004715283,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nex-N2-mini AWQ INT4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Nex-N2-mini AWQ INT4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 45);
@@ -27743,10 +27758,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Nex-N2-mini AWQ INT4 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     6225.93302159408,
     0.000000001,
-    "Nex-N2-mini AWQ INT4 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Nex-N2-mini AWQ INT4 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -27880,10 +27895,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "txn545 Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     603.5261422921471,
     0.000000001,
-    "txn545 Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "txn545 Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(repo, "apple-macbook-pro-16-m5-max-128gb");
@@ -27903,10 +27918,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "txn545 Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1357.3811405398474,
     0.000000001,
-    "txn545 Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "txn545 Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -27980,10 +27995,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     421.73558706741494,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(repo, "apple-macbook-pro-16-m5-max-128gb");
@@ -28003,10 +28018,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     948.5188661516219,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Qwen3.5 122B A10B NVFP4 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -28070,10 +28085,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.5 122B A10B GPTQ Int4 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     339.67761348357817,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.5 122B A10B GPTQ Int4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.5 122B A10B GPTQ Int4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -28096,10 +28111,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.5 122B A10B GPTQ Int4 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     763.9635702524432,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.5 122B A10B GPTQ Int4 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.5 122B A10B GPTQ Int4 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -28162,10 +28177,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 15);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     326.3884732434616,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 122B A10B AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 122B A10B AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -28188,10 +28203,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 122B A10B AWQ M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     734.0751742545253,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 122B A10B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 122B A10B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -28466,10 +28481,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.5 0.8B Base DGX Spark aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     17182.63984539862,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.5 0.8B Base DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.5 0.8B Base DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5 = profiled(
@@ -28485,10 +28500,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.5 0.8B Base M5 Max aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5.dennard,
+    m5.memoryPowerCeiling,
     38645.20463397345,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.5 0.8B Base M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.5 0.8B Base M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -28541,10 +28556,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3.5 0.8B GGUF DGX Spark aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     17204.740152701,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 0.8B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 0.8B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5 = profiled(
@@ -28566,10 +28581,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3.5 0.8B GGUF M5 Max aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5.dennard,
+    m5.memoryPowerCeiling,
     38694.910087026,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 0.8B GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 0.8B GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -28607,7 +28622,12 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.best.batch, 23);
   assertNear(result.best.aggregate, 473, 1, "Qwen3.5 2B aggregate");
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 6707, 100, "Qwen3.5 2B Dennard");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    6707,
+    100,
+    "Qwen3.5 2B memory-power ceiling",
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -28651,10 +28671,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.5 2B Base aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     6707.251777357739,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.5 2B Base Dennard",
+    "Qwen3.5 2B Base memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -28723,10 +28743,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3.5 2B GGUF DGX Spark per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     6750.168130512359,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 2B GGUF DGX Spark Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 2B GGUF DGX Spark memory-power ceiling",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 65);
   assertNear(
@@ -28778,7 +28798,12 @@ for (const spec of [
     1,
     "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 2B AWQ aggregate",
   );
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 14336, 100, "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 2B AWQ Dennard");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    14336,
+    100,
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 2B AWQ memory-power ceiling",
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -28886,10 +28911,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(dgxResult.bMem, 15);
   assert.equal(dgxResult.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     283.7187782602703,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 27B DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 27B DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   const m5Result = profiled(repo, "apple-macbook-pro-16-m5-max-128gb");
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
@@ -29020,10 +29045,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.5 27B GPTQ Int4 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     140.923700333,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.5 27B GPTQ Int4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.5 27B GPTQ Int4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 2);
@@ -29083,10 +29108,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 27B AWQ DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     249.834038318,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 27B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 27B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29139,10 +29164,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "QuantTrio Qwen3.5 27B AWQ DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     227.721166711,
     0.000000001,
-    "QuantTrio Qwen3.5 27B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "QuantTrio Qwen3.5 27B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 5);
@@ -29219,10 +29244,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "QuantTrio Qwen3.5 27B Claude v2 AWQ DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     227.721166711,
     0.000000001,
-    "QuantTrio Qwen3.5 27B Claude v2 AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "QuantTrio Qwen3.5 27B Claude v2 AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 5);
@@ -29285,10 +29310,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "DeepSeek Coder 7B v1.5 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     45.428030311,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek Coder 7B v1.5 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek Coder 7B v1.5 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29337,10 +29362,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "DeepSeek Coder 6.7B DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     41.965644845,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek Coder 6.7B DGX Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek Coder 6.7B DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29417,10 +29442,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Bielik 11B AWQ DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     255.844496986,
     0.000000001,
-    "Bielik 11B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Bielik 11B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29525,10 +29550,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "groxaxo Qwen3.6 27B GPTQ DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     270.371989934,
     0.000000001,
-    "groxaxo Qwen3.6 27B GPTQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "groxaxo Qwen3.6 27B GPTQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29559,10 +29584,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "groxaxo Qwen3.6 27B GPTQ M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     608.089383955,
     0.000000001,
-    "groxaxo Qwen3.6 27B GPTQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "groxaxo Qwen3.6 27B GPTQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29608,10 +29633,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3.6 27B GGUF IQ4_NL DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     275.6034421434826,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.6 27B GGUF IQ4_NL DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.6 27B GGUF IQ4_NL DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29668,10 +29693,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B GGUF Q4_K_M DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     266.0947116547451,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B GGUF Q4_K_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B GGUF Q4_K_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29702,10 +29727,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B GGUF Q4_K_M M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     598.4694247473021,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B GGUF Q4_K_M M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B GGUF Q4_K_M M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29782,10 +29807,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "BatiAI Qwen3.6 27B GGUF IQ3_XXS DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     416.6039464534867,
     0.000000001,
-    "BatiAI Qwen3.6 27B GGUF IQ3_XXS DGX Dennard bound",
+    "BatiAI Qwen3.6 27B GGUF IQ3_XXS DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 16);
@@ -29809,10 +29834,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "BatiAI Qwen3.6 27B GGUF IQ3_XXS M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     936.9773740748749,
     0.000000001,
-    "BatiAI Qwen3.6 27B GGUF IQ3_XXS M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "BatiAI Qwen3.6 27B GGUF IQ3_XXS M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29871,10 +29896,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "DavidAU Qwen3.6 27B GGUF Q8_0 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     128.67945792872968,
     0.000000001,
-    "DavidAU Qwen3.6 27B GGUF Q8_0 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "DavidAU Qwen3.6 27B GGUF Q8_0 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29923,10 +29948,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "DavidAU Qwen3.6 40B GGUF Q8_0 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     50.454674580685314,
     0.000000001,
-    "DavidAU Qwen3.6 40B GGUF Q8_0 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "DavidAU Qwen3.6 40B GGUF Q8_0 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -29972,10 +29997,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 4bit DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     293.39179457,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 4bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 4bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -30022,10 +30047,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 6bit DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     190.000967499,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 6bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 6bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -30072,10 +30097,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 5bit DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     232.300037297,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 5bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 5bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -30122,10 +30147,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 8bit DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     135.255192843,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 8bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 27B MLX 8bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -30211,10 +30236,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B AWQ DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     22767.620766598066,
     0.000000001,
-    "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 41);
@@ -30283,10 +30308,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B GPTQ DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     22682.625290829,
     0.000000001,
-    "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B GPTQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B GPTQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -30392,10 +30417,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B Chat v1.0 GPTQ DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     22683.067532363,
     0.000000001,
-    "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B Chat v1.0 GPTQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B Chat v1.0 GPTQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 41);
   assertNear(
@@ -30496,10 +30521,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(dgx.bMem, 6);
   assert.equal(dgx.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    dgx.dennard,
+    dgx.memoryPowerCeiling,
     126.224241863,
     0.000000001,
-    "MLX Devstral Small 2 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MLX Devstral Small 2 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5.best?.batch, 3);
@@ -30602,10 +30627,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B Chat v1.0 GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     22945.92459723394,
     0.000000001,
-    "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B Chat v1.0 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "TheBloke TinyLlama 1.1B Chat v1.0 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 41);
   assertNear(
@@ -30656,10 +30681,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Cyankiwi Qwen3.6 27B AWQ INT4 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     243.19095612,
     0.000000001,
-    "Cyankiwi Qwen3.6 27B AWQ INT4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Cyankiwi Qwen3.6 27B AWQ INT4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -30707,10 +30732,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 13);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     152.091801341,
     0.000000001,
-    "Cyankiwi Qwen3.6 27B AWQ BF16 INT4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Cyankiwi Qwen3.6 27B AWQ BF16 INT4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -30735,10 +30760,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Cyankiwi Qwen3.6 27B AWQ BF16 INT4 M5 Max aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     342.067274812,
     0.000000001,
-    "Cyankiwi Qwen3.6 27B AWQ BF16 INT4 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Cyankiwi Qwen3.6 27B AWQ BF16 INT4 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -30784,10 +30809,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "QuantTrio Qwen3.6 27B AWQ DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     227.721425284,
     0.000000001,
-    "QuantTrio Qwen3.6 27B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "QuantTrio Qwen3.6 27B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -30833,10 +30858,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3.6 27B NVFP4 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     172.643281493,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.6 27B NVFP4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.6 27B NVFP4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -30907,10 +30932,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "SakamakiSmile Qwen3.6 27B NVFP4 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     491.114039291,
     0.000000001,
-    "SakamakiSmile Qwen3.6 27B NVFP4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "SakamakiSmile Qwen3.6 27B NVFP4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -31025,10 +31050,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "ocicek Qwen3.6 27B NVFP4 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     249.10018069734483,
     0.000000001,
-    "ocicek Qwen3.6 27B NVFP4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "ocicek Qwen3.6 27B NVFP4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(repo, "apple-macbook-pro-16-m5-max-128gb");
@@ -31129,10 +31154,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "DeepSeek Coder V2 Lite DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     178.409795743,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek Coder V2 Lite DGX Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek Coder V2 Lite DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -31212,10 +31237,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI DeepSeek Coder V2 Lite FP8 DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     384.897002588,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI DeepSeek Coder V2 Lite FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI DeepSeek Coder V2 Lite FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -31278,10 +31303,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "DeepSeek V2 Lite Chat DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     178.409795743,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek V2 Lite Chat DGX Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek V2 Lite Chat DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -31341,10 +31366,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "DeepSeek V2 Lite DGX single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     178.409795743,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek V2 Lite DGX Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek V2 Lite DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -31410,10 +31435,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "DeepSeek VL2 Tiny DGX aggregate tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4382.742068382,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek VL2 Tiny DGX Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek VL2 Tiny DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -31466,10 +31491,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "SmolLM 1.7B W4A16 DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1254.742877584941,
     0.000000001,
-    "SmolLM 1.7B W4A16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "SmolLM 1.7B W4A16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -31569,10 +31594,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "QuantTrio Qwen3.6 35B A3B AWQ DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2725.8759476324717,
     0.000000001,
-    "QuantTrio Qwen3.6 35B A3B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "QuantTrio Qwen3.6 35B A3B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -31647,10 +31672,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "palmfuture Qwen3.6 35B A3B GPTQ DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     5436.735137096732,
     0.000000001,
-    "palmfuture Qwen3.6 35B A3B GPTQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "palmfuture Qwen3.6 35B A3B GPTQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -31726,10 +31751,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.6 35B A3B MXFP4_MOE GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4648.521474227382,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.6 35B A3B MXFP4_MOE GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.6 35B A3B MXFP4_MOE GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -31823,10 +31848,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.5 35B A3B MXFP4_MOE GGUF DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4679.63504763545,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.5 35B A3B MXFP4_MOE GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.5 35B A3B MXFP4_MOE GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 25);
@@ -31933,10 +31958,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Holo 3.1 35B A3B BF16 GGUF DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1101.6679963092402,
     0.000000001,
-    "Holo 3.1 35B A3B BF16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Holo 3.1 35B A3B BF16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 10);
   assertNear(
@@ -32037,10 +32062,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "llmfan46 Qwen3.6 35B A3B Heretic BF16 GGUF DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1101.6679064755108,
     0.000000001,
-    "llmfan46 Qwen3.6 35B A3B Heretic BF16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "llmfan46 Qwen3.6 35B A3B Heretic BF16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 10);
   assertNear(
@@ -32233,10 +32258,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B Q4_K_M DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     6463.609872076501,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B Q4_K_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.6 35B A3B Q4_K_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 25);
   assertNear(
@@ -32336,10 +32361,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Bartowski Qwen3.6 35B A3B IQ1_M DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     10004.030539611478,
     0.000000001,
-    "Bartowski Qwen3.6 35B A3B IQ1_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Bartowski Qwen3.6 35B A3B IQ1_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 34);
   assertNear(
@@ -32436,10 +32461,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Ornith 1.0 35B BF16 GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1101.6680011839387,
     0.000000001,
-    "Ornith 1.0 35B BF16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Ornith 1.0 35B BF16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 10);
   assertNear(
@@ -32531,10 +32556,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.6 35B A3B MTP UD-Q4_K_XL DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4561.971323762485,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.6 35B A3B MTP UD-Q4_K_XL DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.6 35B A3B MTP UD-Q4_K_XL DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -32585,10 +32610,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 15);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     245.592314594,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.6 27B MTP UD-Q4_K_XL DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.6 27B MTP UD-Q4_K_XL DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -32642,10 +32667,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 14);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     222.8462871897437,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B Coder MTP Q5_K_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B Coder MTP Q5_K_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -32673,10 +32698,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B Coder MTP Q5_K_M M5 per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     501.2000744853576,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B Coder MTP Q5_K_M M5 Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B Coder MTP Q5_K_M M5 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -32749,10 +32774,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 15);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     265.4174377043947,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B Coder Compat MTP Q4_K_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B Coder Compat MTP Q4_K_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -32780,10 +32805,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B Coder Compat MTP Q4_K_M M5 per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     596.946178573254,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B Coder Compat MTP Q4_K_M M5 Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B Coder Compat MTP Q4_K_M M5 memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m1UltraResult = profiled(
@@ -32867,10 +32892,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 4);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     16.75805877740116,
     0.000000001,
-    "RecViking Mistral Medium 3.5 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "RecViking Mistral Medium 3.5 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(repo, "apple-macbook-pro-16-m5-max-128gb");
@@ -32883,10 +32908,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RecViking Mistral Medium 3.5 M5 Max single-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     37.690286041481,
     0.000000001,
-    "RecViking Mistral Medium 3.5 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "RecViking Mistral Medium 3.5 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -32944,10 +32969,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 14);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     222.84628577011875,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B v2 MTP Q5_K_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B v2 MTP Q5_K_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -32975,10 +33000,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B v2 MTP Q5_K_M M5 per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     501.20007129250155,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B v2 MTP Q5_K_M M5 Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 27B v2 MTP Q5_K_M M5 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -33044,10 +33069,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Jackrong Qwopus3.5 9B Coder MTP Q5_K_M DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1614.678162450568,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwopus3.5 9B Coder MTP Q5_K_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwopus3.5 9B Coder MTP Q5_K_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -33075,10 +33100,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Jackrong Qwopus3.5 9B Coder MTP Q5_K_M M5 per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3631.547222507871,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwopus3.5 9B Coder MTP Q5_K_M M5 Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwopus3.5 9B Coder MTP Q5_K_M M5 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -33215,10 +33240,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Qwen3.5 9B FP8 DGX Spark per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     822.1167020244179,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Qwen3.5 9B FP8 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Qwen3.5 9B FP8 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 18);
@@ -33340,10 +33365,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Hyper-AI Qwen3.5 9B FP8 DGX Spark per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     987.4617361126113,
     0.000000001,
-    "Hyper-AI Qwen3.5 9B FP8 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Hyper-AI Qwen3.5 9B FP8 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 19);
@@ -33442,10 +33467,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.5 9B Base M5 per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1170.1093820472672,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.5 9B Base M5 Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.5 9B Base M5 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -33524,10 +33549,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Jackrong Qwen3.5 9B DeepSeek V4 Flash DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2266.181975341868,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwen3.5 9B DeepSeek V4 Flash DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwen3.5 9B DeepSeek V4 Flash DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 24);
@@ -33601,10 +33626,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "AxionML Qwen3.5 9B NVFP4 DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1530.687244784,
     0.000000001,
-    "AxionML Qwen3.5 9B NVFP4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "AxionML Qwen3.5 9B NVFP4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -33664,10 +33689,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Apolo13x Qwen3.5 9B NVFP4 DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     988.836448101,
     0.000000001,
-    "Apolo13x Qwen3.5 9B NVFP4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Apolo13x Qwen3.5 9B NVFP4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -33732,10 +33757,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio DeepSeek R1 Qwen3 8B MLX 4bit DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     501.770115701,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio DeepSeek R1 Qwen3 8B MLX 4bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio DeepSeek R1 Qwen3 8B MLX 4bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -33804,10 +33829,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio DeepSeek R1 Qwen3 8B MLX 8bit DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     256.2329241066242,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio DeepSeek R1 Qwen3 8B MLX 8bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio DeepSeek R1 Qwen3 8B MLX 8bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 4);
   assertNear(
@@ -33883,10 +33908,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.5 9B MLX 4bit DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2094.460920533,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.5 9B MLX 4bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.5 9B MLX 4bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -33949,10 +33974,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.5 9B MLX 8bit DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1065.549968734,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.5 9B MLX 8bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.5 9B MLX 8bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -34010,10 +34035,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 9B AWQ DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1532.394683808,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 9B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 9B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -34071,10 +34096,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "QuantTrio Qwen3.5 9B AWQ DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     986.928817653,
     0.000000001,
-    "QuantTrio Qwen3.5 9B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "QuantTrio Qwen3.5 9B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -34098,10 +34123,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 9B AWQ M5 Max aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3446.484746734,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 9B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 9B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -34159,10 +34184,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Llama 3.2 1B Q8_0 GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     7529.019284667595,
     0.000000001,
-    "Llama 3.2 1B Q8_0 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Llama 3.2 1B Q8_0 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -34222,10 +34247,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "bartowski Llama 3.2 1B F16 GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3961.128859515596,
     0.000000001,
-    "bartowski Llama 3.2 1B F16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "bartowski Llama 3.2 1B F16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 26);
@@ -34301,10 +34326,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3.2 1B F16 GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3961.128858437008,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3.2 1B F16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3.2 1B F16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 26);
@@ -34372,10 +34397,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "bartowski Llama 3.2 3B F16 GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     420.6913668661886,
     0.000000001,
-    "bartowski Llama 3.2 3B F16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "bartowski Llama 3.2 3B F16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -34443,10 +34468,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwythos 9B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1858.8940423,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwythos 9B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwythos 9B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -34507,10 +34532,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3.5 9B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1859.688424329,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3.5 9B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3.5 9B Q4_K_M GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -34584,10 +34609,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "HyperCLOVAX SEED Q4_K_M GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3292.755267855,
     0.000000001,
-    "HyperCLOVAX SEED Q4_K_M GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "HyperCLOVAX SEED Q4_K_M GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -34642,10 +34667,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "VNTL Llama 3 8B Q5_K_M GGUF DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     443.696743611,
     0.000000001,
-    "VNTL Llama 3 8B Q5_K_M GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "VNTL Llama 3 8B Q5_K_M GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -34684,10 +34709,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     527.348734,
     0.000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 9B BF16 GGUF DGX Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 9B BF16 GGUF DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -34711,10 +34736,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3.5 9B BF16 GGUF M5 Max aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1186.051732,
     0.000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 9B BF16 GGUF M5 Max Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 9B BF16 GGUF M5 Max memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -34810,10 +34835,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 30);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     524.8347988792368,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 9B MTP GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 9B MTP GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 13);
@@ -34830,10 +34855,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3.5 9B MTP GGUF M5 per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1180.3976795305912,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 9B MTP GGUF M5 Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 9B MTP GGUF M5 memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m1Result.best.batch, 21);
@@ -34929,10 +34954,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B BF16 GGUF DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1087.6365563898619,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B BF16 GGUF DGX Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B BF16 GGUF DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -34962,10 +34987,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B BF16 GGUF M5 Max per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2446.1862477046716,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B BF16 GGUF M5 Max Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B BF16 GGUF M5 Max memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35061,10 +35086,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B MTP GGUF DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1085.2850817582932,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B MTP GGUF DGX Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B MTP GGUF DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35094,10 +35119,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B MTP GGUF M5 Max per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2440.897583148689,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B MTP GGUF M5 Max Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3.5 4B MTP GGUF M5 Max memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35153,10 +35178,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 FP8 DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     481.768293357,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35217,10 +35242,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3 4B Thinking 2507 FP8 DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     481.768293357,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 4B Thinking 2507 FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 4B Thinking 2507 FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35244,10 +35269,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 FP8 M5 Max aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1083.537480298,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 FP8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3 4B Instruct 2507 FP8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35303,10 +35328,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Llama 3.2 1B static FP8 DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     6558.965515145,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Llama 3.2 1B static FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Llama 3.2 1B static FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35330,10 +35355,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Llama 3.2 1B static FP8 M5 Max aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     14751.666030399,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Llama 3.2 1B static FP8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Llama 3.2 1B static FP8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35388,10 +35413,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B base static FP8 DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     287.682706377,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B base static FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B base static FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35415,10 +35440,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B base static FP8 M5 Max aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     647.022643648,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B base static FP8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B base static FP8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35474,10 +35499,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B static FP8 DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     287.682706377,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B static FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B static FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35501,10 +35526,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B static FP8 M5 Max aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     647.022643648,
     0.000000001,
-    "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B static FP8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Llama 3.1 8B static FP8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35603,10 +35628,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Hugging Quants Llama 3.1 8B AWQ DGX per-session tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     508.8723857188016,
     0.000000001,
-    "Hugging Quants Llama 3.1 8B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Hugging Quants Llama 3.1 8B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -35680,10 +35705,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt FP8 DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     575.365324242,
     0.000000001,
-    "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35707,10 +35732,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt FP8 M5 Max aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1294.045088221,
     0.000000001,
-    "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt FP8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt FP8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35768,10 +35793,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt NVFP4 DGX aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     953.910323378,
     0.000000001,
-    "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt NVFP4 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt NVFP4 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35795,10 +35820,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt NVFP4 M5 Max aggregate tok/s at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2145.424683348,
     0.000000001,
-    "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt NVFP4 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "NVIDIA Llama 3.1 8B ModelOpt NVFP4 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -35864,10 +35889,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Bartowski Llama 3.1 8B F32 GGUF DGX single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     60.96667653071715,
     0.000000001,
-    "Bartowski Llama 3.1 8B F32 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Bartowski Llama 3.1 8B F32 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best, null);
@@ -35878,10 +35903,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Bartowski Llama 3.1 8B F32 GGUF M5 single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     137.1191919042503,
     0.000000001,
-    "Bartowski Llama 3.1 8B F32 GGUF M5 Dennard bound",
+    "Bartowski Llama 3.1 8B F32 GGUF M5 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -36096,10 +36121,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.5 4B Base DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1079.1544398016715,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.5 4B Base DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.5 4B Base DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 20);
@@ -36116,10 +36141,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen3.5 4B Base M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2427.109252887276,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3.5 4B Base M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen3.5 4B Base M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m1UltraResult.best?.batch, 28);
@@ -36192,10 +36217,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 4B AWQ DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2893.668745100436,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 4B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3.5 4B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -36274,10 +36299,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "ggml-org SmolVLM 500M Instruct DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     10971.305158468882,
     0.000000001,
-    "ggml-org SmolVLM 500M Instruct DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "ggml-org SmolVLM 500M Instruct DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 22);
@@ -36387,10 +36412,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "LM Studio Llama 3.2 3B Instruct DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1556.4138949072844,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Llama 3.2 3B Instruct DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "LM Studio Llama 3.2 3B Instruct DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 7);
@@ -36503,10 +36528,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3.2 3B Instruct DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2082.429892748311,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3.2 3B Instruct DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3.2 3B Instruct DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 7);
@@ -36613,10 +36638,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "mratsim GLM 4 32B GPTQ DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     246.10189009906148,
     0.000000001,
-    "mratsim GLM 4 32B GPTQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "mratsim GLM 4 32B GPTQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 6);
@@ -36691,10 +36716,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 6);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     121.89094355282006,
     0.000000001,
-    "Step3-VL 10B BF16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Step3-VL 10B BF16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -36725,10 +36750,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Step3-VL 10B BF16 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     274.1430012506649,
     0.000000001,
-    "Step3-VL 10B BF16 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Step3-VL 10B BF16 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -37028,10 +37053,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen Qwen2.5 7B Instruct Q2_K DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1967.1480530745496,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen Qwen2.5 7B Instruct Q2_K DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen Qwen2.5 7B Instruct Q2_K DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best?.batch, 15);
@@ -37381,10 +37406,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Qwen1.5 MoE A2.7B DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     266.75601416123743,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen1.5 MoE A2.7B DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen1.5 MoE A2.7B DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -37491,10 +37516,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "NM Testing Qwen1.5 MoE Chat W4A16 DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     916.1166098526915,
     0.000000001,
-    "NM Testing Qwen1.5 MoE Chat W4A16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "NM Testing Qwen1.5 MoE Chat W4A16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.bMem, 5);
@@ -37586,7 +37611,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -37668,7 +37693,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -37698,10 +37723,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Step 3.7 Flash BF16 M3 Ultra 512GB per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     726.0348072278412,
     0.000000001,
-    "Step 3.7 Flash BF16 M3 Ultra 512GB Dennard bound",
+    "Step 3.7 Flash BF16 M3 Ultra 512GB memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -37732,10 +37757,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Step 3.7 Flash BF16 GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     20961.90563756888,
     0.000000001,
-    "Step 3.7 Flash BF16 GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "Step 3.7 Flash BF16 GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -37809,7 +37834,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
 }
 
 {
@@ -37839,10 +37864,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Step 3.7 Flash NVFP4 M2 Ultra 192GB per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1147.224957019117,
     0.000000001,
-    "Step 3.7 Flash NVFP4 M2 Ultra 192GB Dennard bound",
+    "Step 3.7 Flash NVFP4 M2 Ultra 192GB memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -37873,10 +37898,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Step 3.7 Flash NVFP4 GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     113562.22076739495,
     0.000000001,
-    "Step 3.7 Flash NVFP4 GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "Step 3.7 Flash NVFP4 GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -37965,10 +37990,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Step 3.7 Flash GGUF UD-Q4_K_S DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     33.468028720814246,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Step 3.7 Flash GGUF UD-Q4_K_S DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Step 3.7 Flash GGUF UD-Q4_K_S DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -37999,10 +38024,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Unsloth Step 3.7 Flash GGUF UD-Q4_K_S M2 Ultra 192GB per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1173.4551004844373,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Step 3.7 Flash GGUF UD-Q4_K_S M2 Ultra 192GB Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Step 3.7 Flash GGUF UD-Q4_K_S M2 Ultra 192GB memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38082,10 +38107,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 4-bit DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1523.6917045579469,
     0.000000001,
-    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 4-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 4-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38116,10 +38141,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 4-bit M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3426.9110131816096,
     0.000000001,
-    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 4-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 4-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38200,10 +38225,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 6-bit DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1033.0216187979206,
     0.000000001,
-    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 6-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 6-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38234,10 +38259,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 6-bit M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2323.352651801917,
     0.000000001,
-    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 6-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 6-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38318,10 +38343,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 8-bit DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     773.2133340868147,
     0.000000001,
-    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 8-bit DGX Dennard bound",
+    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 8-bit DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38352,10 +38377,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 8-bit M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1739.0219308765722,
     0.000000001,
-    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 8-bit M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "GLM 4.6V Flash MLX 8-bit M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38414,10 +38439,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "ChatGLM2 6B FP16 DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     856.3155974960654,
     0.000000001,
-    "ChatGLM2 6B FP16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "ChatGLM2 6B FP16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38448,10 +38473,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "ChatGLM2 6B FP16 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1925.9259225735684,
     0.000000001,
-    "ChatGLM2 6B FP16 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "ChatGLM2 6B FP16 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38522,10 +38547,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "ChatGLM3 6B FP16 DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     856.3155974960654,
     0.000000001,
-    "ChatGLM3 6B FP16 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "ChatGLM3 6B FP16 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38556,10 +38581,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "ChatGLM3 6B FP16 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1925.9259225735684,
     0.000000001,
-    "ChatGLM3 6B FP16 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "ChatGLM3 6B FP16 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38668,10 +38693,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Molmo2-O 7B DGX Spark single-session bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8.406880747725348,
     0.000000001,
-    "Molmo2-O 7B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Molmo2-O 7B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_session_capacity");
   assertNear(
@@ -38787,10 +38812,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 8B DGX Spark single-session bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     144.23043617542254,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 8B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 8B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5MaxResult.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5MaxResult.best.batch, 3);
@@ -38855,10 +38880,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 7B DGX Spark single-session bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     352.7110421882862,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 7B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 7B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38929,10 +38954,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 14B DGX Spark single-session bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     44.887405647,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 14B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 14B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -38951,10 +38976,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 4);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     100.955557023,
     0.000000001,
-    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 14B M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "DeepSeek R1 Distill Qwen 14B M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -39075,10 +39100,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Casper Hansen DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 70B AWQ DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     17.746263507777513,
     0.000000001,
-    "Casper Hansen DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 70B AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Casper Hansen DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 70B AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 
   const gb300Result = profiled(
@@ -39107,10 +39132,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Casper Hansen DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 70B AWQ GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    gb300Result.dennard,
+    gb300Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4028.0600362045348,
     0.000000001,
-    "Casper Hansen DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 70B AWQ GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "Casper Hansen DeepSeek R1 Distill Llama 70B AWQ GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -39157,10 +39182,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "GLM 4.1V 9B Thinking DGX Spark single-session bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     377.356054,
     0.000001,
-    "GLM 4.1V 9B Thinking DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "GLM 4.1V 9B Thinking DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -39208,10 +39233,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "GLM 4.6V Flash DGX Spark single-session bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     377.356054,
     0.000001,
-    "GLM 4.6V Flash DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "GLM 4.6V Flash DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -39520,7 +39545,7 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 0);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
-  assert.equal(result.dennard, 0);
+  assert.equal(result.memoryPowerCeiling, 0);
   assertNear(
     result.single.aggregate,
     8.629390749324676,
@@ -39587,10 +39612,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Doradus RnJ-1 Instruct FP8 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     227.361062036,
     0.000001,
-    "Doradus RnJ-1 Instruct FP8 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Doradus RnJ-1 Instruct FP8 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -39687,10 +39712,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 27B Q2_K DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     330.05210102067275,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 27B Q2_K DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 27B Q2_K DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -39779,10 +39804,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B FP8 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     100.977979776,
     0.000001,
-    "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B FP8 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B FP8 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
   assertNear(
@@ -39792,10 +39817,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B FP8 M5 Max single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     227.107983818,
     0.000001,
-    "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B FP8 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B FP8 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -39850,10 +39875,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "ISTA-DASLab Gemma 3 27B GPTQ DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     203.678628834,
     0.000001,
-    "ISTA-DASLab Gemma 3 27B GPTQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "ISTA-DASLab Gemma 3 27B GPTQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 4);
@@ -39876,10 +39901,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "ISTA-DASLab Gemma 3 27B GPTQ M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     458.090395986,
     0.000001,
-    "ISTA-DASLab Gemma 3 27B GPTQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "ISTA-DASLab Gemma 3 27B GPTQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -39956,10 +39981,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "PyTorch Gemma 3 27B AWQ DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     197.856033848,
     0.000001,
-    "PyTorch Gemma 3 27B AWQ DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "PyTorch Gemma 3 27B AWQ DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 4);
@@ -39982,10 +40007,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "PyTorch Gemma 3 27B AWQ M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     444.994889313,
     0.000001,
-    "PyTorch Gemma 3 27B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "PyTorch Gemma 3 27B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -40037,10 +40062,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Xiaomi MiMo 7B RL DGX Spark single-session bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     137.946795293,
     0.000001,
-    "Xiaomi MiMo 7B RL DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Xiaomi MiMo 7B RL DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 3);
@@ -40113,10 +40138,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Xiaomi MiMo 7B Base DGX Spark single-session bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     137.946795293,
     0.000001,
-    "Xiaomi MiMo 7B Base DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Xiaomi MiMo 7B Base DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 3);
@@ -40243,10 +40268,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Xiaomi MiMo V2.5 GB300 per-session bound",
   );
   assertNear(
-    gb300Result.dennard,
+    gb300Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     75268.62400912,
     0.000001,
-    "Xiaomi MiMo V2.5 GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "Xiaomi MiMo V2.5 GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -40395,10 +40420,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B W4A16 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     198.110823183,
     0.000001,
-    "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B W4A16 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B W4A16 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 4);
@@ -40421,10 +40446,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B W4A16 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     445.567931995,
     0.000001,
-    "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B W4A16 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "RedHatAI Gemma 3 27B W4A16 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -40486,10 +40511,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "abhishekchohan Gemma 3 12B W4A16 DGX Spark aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     584.750958089,
     0.000001,
-    "abhishekchohan Gemma 3 12B W4A16 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "abhishekchohan Gemma 3 12B W4A16 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 9);
   assertNear(
@@ -40511,10 +40536,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "abhishekchohan Gemma 3 12B W4A16 M5 Max per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1315.154169475,
     0.000001,
-    "abhishekchohan Gemma 3 12B W4A16 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "abhishekchohan Gemma 3 12B W4A16 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -40563,10 +40588,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     17.746263507777513,
     0.000000001,
-    "Hugging Quants Llama 3.1 70B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Hugging Quants Llama 3.1 70B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -40623,10 +40648,10 @@ for (const spec of [
   );
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     17.746263507777513,
     0.000000001,
-    "Casper Hansen Llama 3.3 70B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Casper Hansen Llama 3.3 70B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -40880,10 +40905,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "cortecs Llama 3.3 70B FP8 DGX single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     5.5877935166179835,
     0.000000001,
-    "cortecs Llama 3.3 70B FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "cortecs Llama 3.3 70B FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   const m5Result = profiled(repo, "apple-macbook-pro-16-m5-max-128gb");
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
@@ -40932,10 +40957,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Casper Hansen Llama 3.3 70B AWQ GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4028.0600362045348,
     0.000000001,
-    "Casper Hansen Llama 3.3 70B AWQ GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "Casper Hansen Llama 3.3 70B AWQ GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -40966,10 +40991,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Hugging Quants Llama 3.1 70B AWQ GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4028.0600362045348,
     0.000000001,
-    "Hugging Quants Llama 3.1 70B AWQ GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "Hugging Quants Llama 3.1 70B AWQ GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -41035,10 +41060,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Weni Llama Guard 3 8B AWQ DGX per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     508.8723857188016,
     0.000000001,
-    "Weni Llama Guard 3 8B AWQ DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Weni Llama Guard 3 8B AWQ DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -41069,10 +41094,10 @@ for (const spec of [
     "Weni Llama Guard 3 8B AWQ M5 Max per-session tok/s",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1144.4968675140813,
     0.000000001,
-    "Weni Llama Guard 3 8B AWQ M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Weni Llama Guard 3 8B AWQ M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -41662,10 +41687,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Bartowski Gemma 2 2B F32 GGUF DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     515.8959682675738,
     0.000000001,
-    "Bartowski Gemma 2 2B F32 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Bartowski Gemma 2 2B F32 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 10);
   assertNear(
@@ -41687,10 +41712,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Bartowski Gemma 2 2B F32 GGUF M5 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1160.293496396668,
     0.000000001,
-    "Bartowski Gemma 2 2B F32 GGUF M5 Dennard bound",
+    "Bartowski Gemma 2 2B F32 GGUF M5 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -41787,10 +41812,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 2 2B FP16 GGUF DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1080.9395158040297,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 2 2B FP16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 2 2B FP16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 13);
   assertNear(
@@ -41812,10 +41837,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 2 2B FP16 GGUF M5 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2431.1240392075983,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 2 2B FP16 GGUF M5 Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 2 2B FP16 GGUF M5 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -42636,7 +42661,12 @@ for (const repo of [
   assertNear(result.single.aggregate, 103, 1, "Qwen DGX single");
   assert.equal(result.best.batch, 13);
   assertNear(result.best.aggregate, 275, 1, "Qwen DGX aggregate");
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 10700, 100, "Qwen DGX Dennard");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    10700,
+    100,
+    "Qwen DGX memory-power ceiling",
+  );
   assertNear(
     result.alloc,
     1.08888064,
@@ -42742,10 +42772,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "ykarout Qwen3.6 NVFP4 DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     5418.895085656,
     0.000001,
-    "ykarout Qwen3.6 NVFP4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "ykarout Qwen3.6 NVFP4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 36);
@@ -42762,10 +42792,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "ykarout Qwen3.6 NVFP4 M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     12187.551584589,
     0.000001,
-    "ykarout Qwen3.6 NVFP4 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "ykarout Qwen3.6 NVFP4 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(gb300Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(gb300Result.bMem, 657);
@@ -42889,10 +42919,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "lyf Qwen3.6 HauhauCS NVFP4 DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     6257.357943331,
     0.000001,
-    "lyf Qwen3.6 HauhauCS NVFP4 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "lyf Qwen3.6 HauhauCS NVFP4 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 37);
@@ -42909,10 +42939,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "lyf Qwen3.6 HauhauCS NVFP4 M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     14073.325191228,
     0.000001,
-    "lyf Qwen3.6 HauhauCS NVFP4 M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "lyf Qwen3.6 HauhauCS NVFP4 M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(gb300Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(gb300Result.bMem, 658);
@@ -43080,7 +43110,12 @@ for (const repo of [
     0.1,
     "AEON Qwen3.6 Heretic DGX aggregate",
   );
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 3224.8, 0.1, "AEON Qwen3.6 Heretic DGX Dennard");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    3224.8,
+    0.1,
+    "AEON Qwen3.6 Heretic DGX memory-power ceiling",
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -43119,10 +43154,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Gemma DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     13690.564285893495,
     0.000000001,
-    "Gemma DGX Dennard",
+    "Gemma DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -43196,10 +43231,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "RedHatAI Gemma 4 DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     12138.535001620381,
     0.00001,
-    "RedHatAI Gemma 4 DGX Dennard",
+    "RedHatAI Gemma 4 DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -43289,10 +43324,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "LargitData Gemma 4 FP8 DGX per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     15350.66385330092,
     0.000000001,
-    "LargitData Gemma 4 FP8 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "LargitData Gemma 4 FP8 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 36);
   assertNear(
@@ -43386,10 +43421,10 @@ for (const repo of [
   assert.equal(result.bMem, 3);
   assert.equal(result.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     103.77691506294462,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Mixtral IQ1_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Mixtral IQ1_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 2);
@@ -43451,10 +43486,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     11339.20836487981,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 DGX Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -43576,10 +43611,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Bartowski Gemma 4 IQ2_M DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     20205.379952633684,
     0.000000001,
-    "Bartowski Gemma 4 IQ2_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Bartowski Gemma 4 IQ2_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 54);
@@ -43729,10 +43764,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Jiunsong SuperGemma4 Q4_K_M DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     15039.9789582251,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jiunsong SuperGemma4 Q4_K_M DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Jiunsong SuperGemma4 Q4_K_M DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 40);
@@ -43853,10 +43888,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "ggml-org Gemma 4 DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3428.169705612102,
     0.000000001,
-    "ggml-org Gemma 4 DGX Dennard",
+    "ggml-org Gemma 4 DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 10);
   assertNear(
@@ -44001,10 +44036,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "ReadyArt Melody1437 DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     11166.606922424593,
     0.000000001,
-    "ReadyArt Melody1437 DGX Dennard bound",
+    "ReadyArt Melody1437 DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 38);
@@ -44140,10 +44175,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "ReadyArt Dark Scarlett DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     17412.759890047833,
     0.000000001,
-    "ReadyArt Dark Scarlett DGX Dennard bound",
+    "ReadyArt Dark Scarlett DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 46);
@@ -44272,10 +44307,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3.1 405B GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    gb300Result.dennard,
+    gb300Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     269.09256670010353,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3.1 405B GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3.1 405B GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -44414,10 +44449,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "MaziyarPanahi DeepSeek V3 0324 GB300 per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    gb300Result.dennard,
+    gb300Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     64884.84570358248,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi DeepSeek V3 0324 GB300 Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi DeepSeek V3 0324 GB300 memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -44537,10 +44572,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "ReadyArt Serenity DGX per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8687.028651377164,
     0.000000001,
-    "ReadyArt Serenity DGX Dennard bound",
+    "ReadyArt Serenity DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 28);
@@ -44648,10 +44683,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 QAT DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     18267.77710483906,
     0.000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 QAT DGX Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 QAT DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -44712,10 +44747,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 4 31B QAT DGX single",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     328.98178487948337,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 4 31B QAT DGX Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 4 31B QAT DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
@@ -44824,10 +44859,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 3 270M DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     193001.7152713321,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 3 270M DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 3 270M DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 284);
@@ -44955,10 +44990,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 1B DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     38243.79919562377,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 1B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 1B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 201);
@@ -45053,10 +45088,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 4B DGX Spark per-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1819.619996085,
     0.000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 4B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 4B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 29);
@@ -45067,10 +45102,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 4B M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4092.478672513,
     0.000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 4B M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 4B M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -45148,10 +45183,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 12B DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     162.43023295101244,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 12B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Gemma 3 12B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 2);
@@ -45249,10 +45284,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Unsloth Gemma 3 12B DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     162.42601031696242,
     0.000000001,
-    "Unsloth Gemma 3 12B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "Unsloth Gemma 3 12B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 2);
@@ -45335,10 +45370,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3 8B DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     144.212996069,
     0.000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3 8B DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3 8B DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 3);
@@ -45417,10 +45452,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3 8B 32k v0.1 DGX Spark single-session throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     144.21370775850832,
     0.000000001,
-    "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3 8B 32k v0.1 DGX Spark Dennard bound",
+    "MaziyarPanahi Llama 3 8B 32k v0.1 DGX Spark memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 3);
@@ -45456,7 +45491,12 @@ for (const repo of [
   assertNear(result.single.aggregate, 28, 1, "DeepSeek DGX single");
   assert.equal(result.best.batch, 3);
   assertNear(result.best.aggregate, 62, 1, "DeepSeek DGX aggregate");
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 3024, 100, "DeepSeek DGX Dennard");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    3024,
+    100,
+    "DeepSeek DGX memory-power ceiling",
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -45542,10 +45582,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Huihui DeepSeek DS4 Q2_K DGX per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1787.181575152751,
     0.000000001,
-    "Huihui DeepSeek DS4 Q2_K DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Huihui DeepSeek DS4 Q2_K DGX memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -45558,7 +45598,12 @@ for (const repo of [
   assertNear(result.single.aggregate, 232, 1, "Qwen M5 Max single");
   assert.equal(result.best.batch, 40);
   assertNear(result.best.aggregate, 807, 2, "Qwen M5 Max aggregate");
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 24200, 100, "Qwen M5 Max Dennard");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    24200,
+    100,
+    "Qwen M5 Max memory-power ceiling",
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -45581,10 +45626,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Gemma M5 Max aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     30791.232496478413,
     0.000000001,
-    "Gemma M5 Max Dennard",
+    "Gemma M5 Max memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -45597,7 +45642,12 @@ for (const repo of [
   assertNear(result.single.aggregate, 64, 1, "DeepSeek M5 Max single");
   assert.equal(result.best.batch, 14);
   assertNear(result.best.aggregate, 284, 2, "DeepSeek M5 Max aggregate");
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 6801, 100, "DeepSeek M5 Max Dennard");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    6801,
+    100,
+    "DeepSeek M5 Max memory-power ceiling",
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -45626,10 +45676,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Huihui DeepSeek DS4 Q2_K M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4019.5219309296303,
     0.000000001,
-    "Huihui DeepSeek DS4 Q2_K M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Huihui DeepSeek DS4 Q2_K M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -45692,10 +45742,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Jan v3.5 4B Q3_K_L GGUF DGX aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     974.612753291355,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jan v3.5 4B Q3_K_L GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Jan v3.5 4B Q3_K_L GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 6);
   assertNear(
@@ -45705,10 +45755,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Jan v3.5 4B Q3_K_L GGUF M5 Max aggregate throughput",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2191.98619238422,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jan v3.5 4B Q3_K_L GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Jan v3.5 4B Q3_K_L GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -45745,7 +45795,12 @@ for (const repo of [
   assertNear(result.single.aggregate, 85, 1, "Nemotron DGX single");
   assert.equal(result.best.batch, 17);
   assertNear(result.best.aggregate, 341, 2, "Nemotron DGX aggregate");
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 26078, 100, "Nemotron DGX Dennard");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    26078,
+    100,
+    "Nemotron DGX memory-power ceiling",
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -45778,7 +45833,12 @@ for (const repo of [
   assertNear(result.single.aggregate, 41, 1, "Qwen3.5 35B A3B DGX single");
   assert.equal(result.best.batch, 3);
   assertNear(result.best.aggregate, 69, 1, "Qwen3.5 35B A3B DGX aggregate");
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 1055, 50, "Qwen3.5 35B A3B DGX Dennard");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    1055,
+    50,
+    "Qwen3.5 35B A3B DGX memory-power ceiling",
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -45845,7 +45905,12 @@ for (const repo of [
     1,
     "Qwen3-Coder-Next FP8 DGX aggregate",
   );
-  assertNear(result.dennard, 1085, 50, "Qwen3-Coder-Next FP8 DGX Dennard");
+  assertNear(
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
+    1085,
+    50,
+    "Qwen3-Coder-Next FP8 DGX memory-power ceiling",
+  );
 }
 
 {
@@ -45945,10 +46010,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 4-bit DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3982.738830578161,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 4-bit DGX Dennard",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 4-bit DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -45976,10 +46041,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 4-bit M5 per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8957.515172069563,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 4-bit M5 Dennard",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 4-bit M5 memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -46086,10 +46151,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Bullpoint Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1559.2114525429954,
     0.000000001,
-    "Bullpoint Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit DGX Dennard",
+    "Bullpoint Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -46117,10 +46182,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Bullpoint Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit M5 per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3506.797918906224,
     0.000000001,
-    "Bullpoint Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit M5 Dennard",
+    "Bullpoint Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit M5 memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m1UltraResult = profiled(
@@ -46246,10 +46311,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1559.2114525429954,
     0.000000001,
-    "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit DGX Dennard",
+    "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -46277,10 +46342,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit M5 per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3506.797918906224,
     0.000000001,
-    "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit M5 Dennard",
+    "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 4-bit M5 memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m1UltraResult = profiled(
@@ -46406,10 +46471,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 8-bit DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     624.4681620384944,
     0.000000001,
-    "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 8-bit DGX Dennard",
+    "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 8-bit DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -46437,10 +46502,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 8-bit M5 per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1404.4815072953684,
     0.000000001,
-    "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 8-bit M5 Dennard",
+    "Cyankiwi Qwen3-Coder-Next AWQ 8-bit M5 memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m1UltraResult = profiled(
@@ -46548,10 +46613,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Mungert Hunyuan-MT-7B GGUF DGX single",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     209.3449565317409,
     0.000000001,
-    "Mungert Hunyuan-MT-7B GGUF DGX Dennard",
+    "Mungert Hunyuan-MT-7B GGUF DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -46696,10 +46761,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 6-bit DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2044.4437962156949,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 6-bit DGX Dennard",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 6-bit DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -46727,10 +46792,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 6-bit M5 per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     4598.126340206728,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 6-bit M5 Dennard",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 6-bit M5 memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m1UltraResult = profiled(
@@ -46838,10 +46903,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 8-bit DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1004.7144896412233,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 8-bit DGX Dennard",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 8-bit DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -46869,10 +46934,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 8-bit M5 per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     2259.687533478795,
     0.000000001,
-    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 8-bit M5 Dennard",
+    "LM Studio Qwen3-Coder-Next MLX 8-bit M5 memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -46958,10 +47023,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3-Coder-Next GGUF DGX per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3486.587,
     0.001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3-Coder-Next GGUF DGX Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3-Coder-Next GGUF DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 
   const m5Result = profiled(
@@ -46989,10 +47054,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Unsloth Qwen3-Coder-Next GGUF M5 per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     7841.628,
     0.001,
-    "Unsloth Qwen3-Coder-Next GGUF M5 Dennard",
+    "Unsloth Qwen3-Coder-Next GGUF M5 memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -47060,10 +47125,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Instruct BF16 M2 Ultra per-session",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m2Result.dennard,
+    m2Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     945.1445860048653,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Instruct BF16 M2 Ultra Dennard",
+    "Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Instruct BF16 M2 Ultra memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -47112,10 +47177,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Instruct FP8 DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1040,
     50,
-    "Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Instruct FP8 DGX Dennard",
+    "Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Instruct FP8 DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -47199,10 +47264,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3 Next 80B A3B AWQ DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1537.800429402919,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3 Next 80B A3B AWQ DGX Dennard",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3 Next 80B A3B AWQ DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -47287,10 +47352,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "cyankiwi Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Thinking AWQ DGX aggregate",
   );
   assertNear(
-    result.dennard,
+    result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     1537.800429402919,
     0.000000001,
-    "cyankiwi Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Thinking AWQ DGX Dennard",
+    "cyankiwi Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Thinking AWQ DGX memory-power ceiling",
   );
 }
 
@@ -47369,10 +47434,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "VertaLily DGX per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     36368.95277616251,
     0.000000001,
-    "VertaLily DGX Dennard bound",
+    "VertaLily DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   const m5Result = profiled(
     "VLTX/VertaLily-1.2-1B-GGUF",
@@ -47398,10 +47463,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "VertaLily M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     81796.83884455597,
     0.000000001,
-    "VertaLily M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "VertaLily M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -47475,10 +47540,10 @@ for (const repo of [
   assert.equal(dgxResult.bMem, 15);
   assert.equal(dgxResult.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     266.2329838344315,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwen3.5 27B DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwen3.5 27B DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   const m5Result = profiled(repo, "apple-macbook-pro-16-m5-max-128gb");
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "ok");
@@ -47502,10 +47567,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Jackrong Qwen3.5 27B M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     598.7804105287213,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwen3.5 27B M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwen3.5 27B M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -47583,10 +47648,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Qwen2.5 3B Instruct GGUF DGX per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     3923.691138132876,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 3B Instruct GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 3B Instruct GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   const m5Result = profiled(repo, "apple-macbook-pro-16-m5-max-128gb");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 24);
@@ -47609,10 +47674,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Qwen2.5 3B Instruct GGUF M5 Max per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     8824.711937046102,
     0.000000001,
-    "Qwen2.5 3B Instruct GGUF M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Qwen2.5 3B Instruct GGUF M5 Max memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -47771,10 +47836,10 @@ for (const repo of [
   assert.equal(dgxResult.bMem, 4);
   assert.equal(dgxResult.best, null);
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     44.880913599335436,
     0.000000001,
-    "Sugoi 14B Ultra F16 GGUF DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Sugoi 14B Ultra F16 GGUF DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   const m5Result = profiled(repo, "apple-macbook-pro-16-m5-max-128gb");
   assert.equal(m5Result.status_code, "no_floor");
@@ -47794,10 +47859,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Sugoi 14B Ultra F16 GGUF M1 Ultra aggregate throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m1Result.dennard,
+    m1Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     131.51916073065328,
     0.000000001,
-    "Sugoi 14B Ultra F16 GGUF M1 Ultra Dennard bound",
+    "Sugoi 14B Ultra F16 GGUF M1 Ultra memory-power bound",
   );
 }
 
@@ -47890,10 +47955,10 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 35B A3B v1 IQ4_XS DGX per-session throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    dgxResult.dennard,
+    dgxResult.memoryPowerCeiling,
     6956.727982907029,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 35B A3B v1 IQ4_XS DGX Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 35B A3B v1 IQ4_XS DGX memory-power bound",
   );
   const m5Result = profiled(repo, "apple-macbook-pro-16-m5-max-128gb");
   assert.equal(m5Result.best.batch, 26);
@@ -47904,10 +47969,137 @@ for (const repo of [
     "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 35B A3B v1 IQ4_XS M5 Max aggregate throughput at b*",
   );
   assertNear(
-    m5Result.dennard,
+    m5Result.memoryPowerCeiling,
     15646.26733151984,
     0.000000001,
-    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 35B A3B v1 IQ4_XS M5 Max Dennard bound",
+    "Jackrong Qwopus3.6 35B A3B v1 IQ4_XS M5 Max memory-power bound",
+  );
+}
+
+{
+  // Legacy MoE traffic must reproduce active traffic at b=1 and saturate at
+  // exactly the total resident weight; the earlier E - k - s denominator
+  // overshot the resident footprint for shared-expert models.
+  const syntheticMoe = {
+    adapter: {
+      kind: "moe",
+      weight_bytes_per_param: 1,
+      resident_weight_gb: 35,
+      active_weight_gb: 3,
+    },
+    architecture: {
+      total_params_b: 35,
+      active_params_b: 3,
+      routed_experts: 256,
+      routed_experts_per_token: 8,
+      shared_experts_per_token: 1,
+    },
+  };
+  assertNear(
+    bounds.batchWeightGB(syntheticMoe, 1, 1),
+    3,
+    0.000000001,
+    "legacy MoE W_batch(1) equals active traffic",
+  );
+  assertNear(
+    bounds.batchWeightGB(syntheticMoe, 1e9, 1),
+    35,
+    0.000000001,
+    "legacy MoE W_batch saturates at total resident weight",
+  );
+}
+
+{
+  // Zero per-session allocation means memory does not bound concurrency; the
+  // engine must not report no_session_capacity, and it must warn that the
+  // batch search cap may understate the KV-aware ceiling.
+  const syntheticProfile = {
+    id: "synthetic--zero-alloc",
+    repo: "synthetic/zero-alloc",
+    status: "audited",
+    serving: {
+      weight_bytes_per_param: 1,
+      kv_store_bytes_per_scalar: 1,
+      kv_read_bytes_per_scalar: 1,
+    },
+    architecture: {
+      weight_adapter: { kind: "dense", total_params_b: 1 },
+      kv_adapter: {
+        kind: "recurrent_state",
+        alloc_gb_per_session: 0,
+        read_gb_per_output_token: 0,
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  const result = bounds.calculateProfiledBounds({
+    profile: syntheticProfile,
+    hardware: hardware("nvidia-dgx-spark"),
+    workloadSettings: {
+      l_alloc_tokens: 32000,
+      l_read_tokens: 8000,
+      min_toks_per_session: 0,
+      overhead_gb: 4,
+      decode_policy: { kind: "ordinary", rho: 1 },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(result.engine_version, "1.1.0");
+  assert.equal(result.status_code, "ok");
+  assert.equal(result.bMem, 10000);
+  assert.equal(result.best.batch, 10000);
+  assert.equal(result.warnings.length, 2);
+  assert.ok(
+    result.warnings[0].includes("zero per-session"),
+    "zero-alloc warning present",
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    result.warnings[1].includes("Batch search stopped"),
+    "search truncation warning present",
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    Object.hasOwn(result.trace, "memory_power_ceiling_toks_per_s"),
+    "trace exposes memory-power ceiling field",
+  );
+}
+
+{
+  // A tiny but nonzero allocation with a huge memory pool must also surface
+  // the truncation warning instead of silently underreporting the ceiling.
+  const syntheticProfile = {
+    id: "synthetic--tiny-alloc",
+    repo: "synthetic/tiny-alloc",
+    status: "audited",
+    serving: {
+      weight_bytes_per_param: 1,
+      kv_store_bytes_per_scalar: 1,
+      kv_read_bytes_per_scalar: 1,
+    },
+    architecture: {
+      weight_adapter: { kind: "dense", total_params_b: 1 },
+      kv_adapter: {
+        kind: "recurrent_state",
+        alloc_gb_per_session: 0.001,
+        read_gb_per_output_token: 0,
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  const result = bounds.calculateProfiledBounds({
+    profile: syntheticProfile,
+    hardware: hardware("nvidia-dgx-spark"),
+    workloadSettings: {
+      l_alloc_tokens: 32000,
+      l_read_tokens: 8000,
+      min_toks_per_session: 0,
+      overhead_gb: 4,
+      decode_policy: { kind: "ordinary", rho: 1 },
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(result.status_code, "ok");
+  assert.ok(result.bMem > 10000, "memory fit exceeds the search cap");
+  assert.equal(result.best.batch, 10000);
+  assert.equal(result.warnings.length, 1);
+  assert.ok(
+    result.warnings[0].includes("Batch search stopped"),
+    "search truncation warning present",
   );
 }