Menstrual Health

A menstrual cycle usually lasts between 21 and 35 days. Most periods last between 2 and 7 days.

It is normal for menstrual flow to vary from light to heavy. Mild cramping, bloating, mood changes, and breast tenderness are common before or during a period.

Using clean sanitary pads, menstrual cups, or clean reusable cloths and changing them regularly helps reduce the risk of infection.

Missing one period can happen because of stress, illness, weight changes, or pregnancy. If periods stop for several months or become very irregular, medical advice should be sought.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal condition that can affect menstrual cycles, fertility, and metabolism.

Common symptoms include irregular periods, acne, excessive facial or body hair, thinning scalp hair, and weight gain.

Not everyone with PCOS has the same symptoms.

Healthy eating, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and treatment prescribed by a healthcare professional can help manage symptoms.

PCOS should be diagnosed by a qualified healthcare provider.
Painful Periods

Mild to moderate period pain is common.

Applying a warm heating pad or hot water bottle to the lower abdomen may help reduce cramps.

Gentle exercise, staying hydrated, and getting enough rest may also help.

Very severe pain, pain that suddenly becomes worse, or pain that prevents normal daily activities should be assessed by a healthcare professional.
Hormones

Hormones are chemical messengers that help regulate growth, mood, reproduction, sleep, and metabolism.

Hormone levels naturally change during puberty, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menopause.

Hormonal imbalances can sometimes cause irregular periods, acne, excessive hair growth, fatigue, or mood changes.

Only a healthcare professional can diagnose a hormonal disorder through assessment and, if needed, laboratory tests.

Pregnancy Warning Signs

Seek immediate medical attention during pregnancy if there is heavy bleeding, severe abdominal pain, seizures, severe headache with blurred vision, difficulty breathing, fever, or reduced baby movements after 28 weeks of pregnancy.

Regular antenatal check-ups help identify problems early and improve the health of both mother and baby.
Menstrual Hygiene

Wash hands before and after changing menstrual products.

Change sanitary pads every 4 to 6 hours or sooner if heavily soaked.

Reusable cloth pads should be washed with soap and clean water and dried completely before reuse.

Good menstrual hygiene helps reduce the risk of infections.
Anaemia

Iron deficiency anaemia is common among women.

Symptoms may include tiredness, weakness, dizziness, pale skin, headaches, and shortness of breath.

Iron-rich foods include meat, lentils, beans, spinach, chickpeas, and fortified cereals.

A healthcare professional may recommend iron supplements if needed.
Healthy Nutrition

Women need adequate iron, calcium, protein, folate, and vitamin D for good health.

Drinking enough clean water and eating a balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, dairy, eggs, fish, or meat supports overall health.

Good nutrition is especially important during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Vaginal Health

Normal vaginal discharge is usually clear or white and does not have a strong smell.

Medical advice should be sought if discharge becomes green, grey, bloody outside of menstruation, has a strong unpleasant odour, or is associated with itching, burning, fever, or pelvic pain.

Avoid using scented products inside the vagina because they may cause irritation.
Mental Health

Hormonal changes, stress, and life events can affect emotional wellbeing.

Persistent sadness, anxiety, loss of interest in daily activities, or thoughts of self-harm require prompt support from a trusted person and a healthcare professional.

Mental health is an important part of overall health.