| """ |
| icar_knowledge_base.py |
| ====================== |
| World-class ICAR Knowledge Base — 200+ validated entries |
| Covers 20 major crops × disease/pest/nutrient/agronomy/postharvest |
| Each entry has: exact doses, timings, IPM approach, ICAR source |
| |
| Structure: List of dicts. Each dict has a 'text' field for FAISS embedding. |
| Deploy: python3 /mnt/c/Users/studi/Desktop/icar_knowledge_base.py (copies to WSL) |
| """ |
|
|
| from pathlib import Path |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
|
| def _make_text(e: dict) -> str: |
| """ |
| Build rich text for embedding — includes Hindi crop name, condition_hindi, |
| and crop-specific Hindi query phrases so multilingual model matches |
| Hindi farmer queries to English ICAR entries. |
| """ |
| crop = e['crop'] |
| crop_hindi = e.get('crop_hindi', '') |
| cat = e['category'] |
| cond = e['condition'] |
| cond_h = e.get('condition_hindi', '') |
|
|
| |
| HINDI_PHRASES = { |
| "disease": f"{crop_hindi} mein rog, bimari, {cond_h}, ilaj, upchar, spray", |
| "pest": f"{crop_hindi} mein keeda kida, {cond_h}, ilaj, spray, kaise bachayein", |
| "nutrient": f"{crop_hindi} mein poshan kami khad, {cond_h}, upay", |
| "agronomy": f"{crop_hindi} ki kheti, beej dar, kab boyen, variety, {cond_h}", |
| "postharvest": f"{crop_hindi} ka bhandaran storage, {cond_h}, kaise store karein, kide", |
| "safety": f"prahibit band chemical, {cond_h}, alternative, safe spray", |
| } |
| hindi_phrase = HINDI_PHRASES.get(cat, f"{crop_hindi} {cond_h}") |
|
|
| parts = [ |
| f"Crop: {crop} {crop_hindi}", |
| f"Category: {cat}", |
| f"Condition: {cond} {cond_h}", |
| f"Hindi query: {hindi_phrase}", |
| ] |
| for k in ("symptoms","treatment","chemical_1","dose_1","chemical_2","dose_2", |
| "spray_volume","timing","ipm","do_not","notes"): |
| if e.get(k) and e[k] != "N/A": |
| parts.append(f"{k}: {e[k]}") |
| return " | ".join(parts) |
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
|
| ICAR_KB_RAW = [ |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-D01", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहू", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Yellow Rust / Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis)", |
| "condition_hindi": "पीला रतुआ", |
| "symptoms": "Yellow-orange powdery pustules in stripes along leaves and sheaths. Starts on upper leaves. Severe in cool humid weather (10-15°C).", |
| "treatment": "Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1 ml/L water (200L/acre). OR Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1 ml/L. Spray at first sign (flag leaf stage).", |
| "chemical_1": "Propiconazole 25% EC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre water, total 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Tebuconazole 25.9% EC", |
| "dose_2": "1 ml per litre water", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "First symptom appearance, flag leaf stage. Repeat after 15 days if severe.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: HD 3086, PBW 725, DBW 187, WB 2 (all yellow rust resistant). Avoid excess nitrogen. Early sowing (Nov 1-15).", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use Carbendazim alone (no efficacy on rusts). Do NOT delay — 1 week delay = 20-30% yield loss. Avoid spraying before rain.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Karnal Advisory 2024-25", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-D02", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहू", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Brown Rust / Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina)", |
| "condition_hindi": "भूरा रतुआ", |
| "symptoms": "Round to oval orange-brown pustules scattered randomly on upper leaf surface. Appears at higher temperatures (15-22°C) than yellow rust.", |
| "treatment": "Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1 ml/L (200L/acre). OR Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5 g/L as preventive.", |
| "chemical_1": "Propiconazole 25% EC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml/L, 200L/acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Mancozeb 75% WP", |
| "dose_2": "2.5 g/L, preventive only", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Boot to flag leaf stage. Preventive spray gives best protection.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: HD 2967, PBW 677, DBW 222. Balanced fertilization — avoid excess N which increases susceptibility.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT ignore early pustules — spreads rapidly in warm weather.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Karnal Disease Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-D03", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहू", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Loose Smut (Ustilago tritici)", |
| "condition_hindi": "अनावृत कांगियारी", |
| "symptoms": "Entire ear replaced by black smut mass. Spreads through seed. Visible at heading. Each infected plant = total yield loss.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment ONLY effective control. Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DS @ 2 g/kg seed. OR Tebuconazole 2% DS @ 1.5 g/kg seed.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DS", |
| "dose_1": "2 g per kg seed", |
| "chemical_2": "Tebuconazole 2% DS", |
| "dose_2": "1.5 g per kg seed", |
| "spray_volume": "N/A — seed treatment", |
| "timing": "Treat seed 24-48 hours before sowing. Air-dry after treatment.", |
| "ipm": "Use certified disease-free seed. Hot water seed treatment: 52°C for 10 minutes (traditional, 80% effective).", |
| "do_not": "Foliar spray DOES NOT control loose smut. Do NOT sow untreated seed from infected fields.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Karnal Seed Treatment Protocol 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-P01", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहू", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Aphid / Wheat Aphid (Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi)", |
| "condition_hindi": "माहू / एफिड", |
| "symptoms": "Tiny green/brown insects on leaves and ears. Sticky honeydew on leaves. Yellowing, curling. Economic threshold: 50 aphids per tiller at booting.", |
| "treatment": "At ETL: Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.25 ml/L (100L/acre). OR Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.25 g/L. Spot spray — do NOT spray entire field if infestation localised.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8% SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.25 ml per litre, 100-150 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Thiamethoxam 25% WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.25 g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "100-150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Booting to heading stage when aphid count exceeds 50 per tiller. Avoid spraying during flowering (bee toxicity).", |
| "ipm": "Natural enemies (ladybird beetle, syrphid fly) control 60-80%. Spray water jet to dislodge. Avoid excess N (promotes aphid multiplication). Yellow sticky traps to monitor.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray during flowering — kills pollinators. Do NOT spray if ladybird beetles present in large numbers.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Karnal IPM Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-P02", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहू", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Termite (Odontotermes sp.)", |
| "condition_hindi": "दीमक", |
| "symptoms": "Sudden wilting of tillers. White tunnel of mud on stems at soil level. Roots eaten. Mostly in light sandy soils, rainfed wheat.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment: Chlorpyriphos 20% EC @ 12 ml/kg seed. Soil drench: Chlorpyriphos 20% EC @ 4 ml/L, apply at base of plant (5L/plant).", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorpyriphos 20% EC", |
| "dose_1": "Seed: 12 ml/kg. Soil drench: 4 ml/L", |
| "spray_volume": "5 litres per plant for drench", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Soil drench at first sign of wilting.", |
| "ipm": "FYM application encourages Beauveria bassiana (natural fungal enemy of termites). Remove crop debris. Do not leave dead wood near field.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use Aldrin or Chlordane (banned). Avoid excess FYM if termite-prone.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR / IARI IPM Termite Advisory", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-N01", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहू", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Nitrogen Deficiency", |
| "condition_hindi": "नाइट्रोजन की कमी", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing starts from older/lower leaves (tip to base). Pale green overall. Reduced tillering. Thin, weak stems.", |
| "treatment": "Apply Urea 45 kg/acre as top dressing at crown root initiation (CRI, 21 DAS). Second dose at jointing (45 DAS): 22 kg urea/acre.", |
| "chemical_1": "Urea 46% N", |
| "dose_1": "At CRI (21 DAS): 45 kg/acre. At jointing (45 DAS): 22 kg/acre", |
| "timing": "CRI stage (21 DAS) and jointing stage (45 DAS). Apply before irrigation for uptake.", |
| "ipm": "Soil test before sowing. Standard dose: N:P:K = 60:30:20 kg/acre. Higher dose for HD 3086 (80:40:20).", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply all N at sowing — 50% N loss through leaching. Do NOT apply urea when soil is dry.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Fertility Management Guide 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-A01", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहू", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Seed Rate and Sowing", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Seed rate: 40-45 kg/acre (timely sowing Nov 1-25). 45-50 kg/acre for late sowing (Dec 1-15). Row spacing: 22.5 cm. Depth: 5-7 cm.", |
| "chemical_1": "Zinc Sulphate 21%", |
| "dose_1": "10 kg/acre basal if zinc deficient soil", |
| "timing": "Timely sowing (Punjab/Haryana): Nov 1-25. UP: Nov 5-30. MP: Nov 10 - Dec 5. Late sowing: Dec 1-15 use RAJ-3765 or HD 2781.", |
| "ipm": "Best varieties Punjab 2024-25: PBW 725 (most popular), DBW 187 (rust resistant), HD 3086. UP: HD 3086 + DBW 187. MP: GW 496, HI 8498.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT sow before Nov 1 in North India (aphid and rust risk increases). Do NOT exceed 5 cm depth.", |
| "notes": "Seed treatment: Carboxin+Thiram 2g/kg mandatory. Zinc: 10 kg ZnSO4/acre every 3rd year.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Variety Release Notification 2024-25", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-PH01", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहू", |
| "category": "postharvest", |
| "condition": "Wheat Storage — Duration and Method", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Dry grain to 12-14% moisture (ideally 12%) before storage. Store in hermetic Pusa bins, metal bins, or PICS bags. Duration: 12-18 months.", |
| "chemical_1": "Aluminium Phosphide (AlPhos) 56% tablet", |
| "dose_1": "1 tablet per 5 quintals — ONLY by licensed fumigator operator", |
| "chemical_2": "Neem leaves (preventive)", |
| "dose_2": "500 g per quintal grain mixed in storage", |
| "timing": "Fumigate 2-3 weeks after filling when grain stabilises.", |
| "ipm": "Neem leaves 500g/quintal (best chemical-free option). Malathion 50% EC floor spray before filling bags.", |
| "do_not": "NEVER wash grain before storage (adds moisture → fungal growth). DDT is BANNED. Do NOT store above 14% moisture. Do NOT use unlined jute bags.", |
| "notes": "Test moisture: grain bites hard (not doughy) = dry enough. Dry wheat to 12-14% moisture before storage. Use Pusa bins (hermetic metal bins) or PICS bags for hermetic storage — BEST for small farmers. Hermetic bins prevent reinfestation after fumigation. Do NOT use Malathion spray in storage — leaves toxic residue on grain.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CIPHET Ludhiana Post-Harvest Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-D01", |
| "crop": "rice", "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Rice Blast (Magnaporthe oryzae)", |
| "condition_hindi": "धान का झुलसा / ब्लास्ट", |
| "symptoms": "Diamond/spindle-shaped lesions with grey centre and brown border on leaves (leaf blast). Neck rot at panicle base (neck blast) — most damaging. Occurs in cool humid weather.", |
| "treatment": "Tricyclazole 75% WP @ 0.6 g/L (sprinkle 150L/acre). OR Isoprothiolane 40% EC @ 1.5 ml/L. Two sprays: tillering + heading.", |
| "chemical_1": "Tricyclazole 75% WP", |
| "dose_1": "0.6 g per litre, 150 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Isoprothiolane 40% EC", |
| "dose_2": "1.5 ml per litre, 150 litres per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "1st spray: active tillering (25-30 DAT). 2nd spray: panicle initiation / 5-7 days before heading.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: Pusa Basmati 1847, IR 64, Swarna Sub1. Avoid excess N (blast multiplier). Seed treatment: Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply urea just before blast — excess N greatly worsens neck blast. Do NOT irrigate at night during blast weather.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Cuttack Blast Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-D02", |
| "crop": "rice", "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Bacterial Leaf Blight / BLB (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)", |
| "condition_hindi": "बैक्टीरियल लीफ ब्लाइट / झुलसा रोग", |
| "symptoms": "Water-soaked to yellow lesions starting at leaf margins, progressing inward. Milky bacterial ooze. Leaves dry from tip. Most severe in transplanted rice after flooding.", |
| "treatment": "Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 2.5 g/L (200L/acre). OR Streptomycin Sulphate + Tetracycline 90%+10% @ 0.3 g/L. Drain field immediately. NO fertiliser for 2 weeks.", |
| "chemical_1": "Copper Oxychloride 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5 g per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Streptomycin Sulphate + Tetracycline (Blitox-50 / Plantomycin)", |
| "dose_2": "0.3 g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first symptom. Stop N application. Repeat after 10 days.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: IR 64, Pusa Sugandh 5, Swarna. Balanced N (avoid excess). Remove infected stubble after harvest.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply nitrogen fertiliser when BLB is active — feeds bacteria, worsens disease. Do NOT flood field.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Cuttack BLB Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-D03", |
| "crop": "rice", "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Sheath Blight (Rhizoctonia solani)", |
| "condition_hindi": "शीथ ब्लाइट", |
| "symptoms": "Oval/irregular water-soaked lesions on leaf sheath, greenish-grey with brown border. Spreads upward. Occurs in high humidity, close spacing, excess N.", |
| "treatment": "Hexaconazole 5% EC @ 2 ml/L (200L/acre). OR Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1 ml/L. OR Validamycin 3% L @ 2.5 ml/L.", |
| "chemical_1": "Hexaconazole 5% EC", |
| "dose_1": "2 ml per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Validamycin 3% L", |
| "dose_2": "2.5 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Maximum tillering to panicle initiation stage. Spray at sheath level (direct spray at base of plant).", |
| "ipm": "Wider spacing reduces sheath blight. Avoid excess N. Pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol @ 10 g/kg seed + 2.5 kg/acre soil application.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use narrow spacing in high-yield varieties (promotes sheath blight). Do NOT apply when crop is fully flooded.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Cuttack Fungal Disease Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-P01", |
| "crop": "rice", "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Brown Planthopper / BPH (Nilaparvata lugens)", |
| "condition_hindi": "भूरा माहू / BPH", |
| "symptoms": "Circular brown burnt patches (hopper burn) in field. Yellowing from base upward. Suck phloem sap at base of plant. Mass migration (wings appear when density high). ETL: 5-10 insects per hill.", |
| "treatment": "Buprofezin 25% SC @ 1 ml/L (250L/acre). OR Pymetrozine 50% WG @ 0.3 g/L. Spray at base of plant — direct to stubble zone. Drain field before spray.", |
| "chemical_1": "Buprofezin 25% SC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre, 250 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Pymetrozine 50% WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.3 g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "250 litres per acre — MUST reach base of plant", |
| "timing": "At ETL (5-10 BPH per hill). Drain field before spray for better penetration.", |
| "ipm": "BPH-resistant varieties: MTU 7029, Swarna Sub1, IR 64. Light trap monitoring. Avoid excess N. Do NOT use broad-spectrum pyrethroids (kill natural enemies, cause BPH resurgence).", |
| "do_not": "NEVER use Monocrotophos, Endosulfan (banned). Do NOT use synthetic pyrethroids — kills spiders/bugs that control BPH, causes resurgence. Avoid imidacloprid overuse (resistance).", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Cuttack BPH Management Protocol 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-P02", |
| "crop": "rice", "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas — yellow stem borer)", |
| "condition_hindi": "तना छेदक / स्टेम बोरर", |
| "symptoms": "Dead heart (central tiller dries in vegetative stage). White ear (panicle white, no grain) in reproductive stage. Larva inside stem. Circular holes at base of stem.", |
| "treatment": "Cartap Hydrochloride 4% G @ 8 kg/acre (granular, broadcast in standing water). OR Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G @ 4 kg/acre. Foliar: Chlorpyriphos 20% EC @ 2 ml/L at egg mass stage.", |
| "chemical_1": "Cartap Hydrochloride 4% G", |
| "dose_1": "8 kg per acre, broadcast in standing water", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G (Coragen granule)", |
| "dose_2": "4 kg per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre for foliar", |
| "timing": "At egg mass appearance (before hatching). Granule at tillering and panicle initiation.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps (CTrap) for monitoring. Clip egg masses and destroy. Light traps. Trichogramma japonicum egg parasitoid @ 1 lakh/acre × 3 releases.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use broad-spectrum insecticides that kill egg parasitoids. NEVER Monocrotophos (banned, extremely toxic).", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Cuttack Stem Borer IPM 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-N01", |
| "crop": "rice", "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Zinc Deficiency in Paddy (Khaira Disease)", |
| "condition_hindi": "जिंक ZnSO4 की कमी / खैरा रोग / patte ke beech peele honaa aur atak jaana khaira zinc deficiency", |
| "symptoms": "Pale yellow to white streaks on young leaves 2-4 weeks after transplanting. Stunted plants. Brown rust spots on leaves. Most common in alkaline/flooded soils.", |
| "treatment": "Foliar spray: Zinc Sulphate 21% @ 5 g/L + Urea 10 g/L (200L/acre). Repeat after 7 days. Basal: Zinc Sulphate 21% @ 10 kg/acre in soil.", |
| "chemical_1": "Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4) 21%", |
| "dose_1": "Foliar ZnSO4: 5 g/L + Urea 10 g/L, 200L/acre. Basal ZnSO4: 10 kg/acre", |
| "timing": "Spray at first symptom appearance (2-3 weeks after transplanting). 2-3 sprays at 7-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Apply ZnSO4 as basal every alternate year. Incorporate green manure (Sesbania) before transplanting.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use lime (CaCO3) if zinc deficient — lime increases pH and worsens zinc deficiency. Avoid alkaline soils without ZnSO4 application.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Cuttack / IARI Soil Fertility Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-A01", |
| "crop": "rice", "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Paddy Nursery Management and Transplanting", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Nursery area: 1/20th of main field. Seed rate: 20-25 kg/acre (transplanted). SRI method: 5-8 kg/acre. Nursery seed treatment: Carbendazim 2g/kg.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2 g per kg seed (seed treatment)", |
| "timing": "Transplant at 21-25 days after sowing nursery (do not exceed 25 days). June 15 - July 15 optimal for kharif.", |
| "ipm": "Normal spacing: 20×15 cm. SRI: 25×25 cm single seedling. Fertiliser: N:P:K = 40:20:20 kg/acre. Split N: 50% basal + 25% tillering + 25% panicle initiation.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT transplant older seedlings (>30 days) — reduces tillering. Do NOT flood deeply at transplanting.", |
| "notes": "Varieties: Swarna (MTU 7029), Pusa Basmati 1121, IR 64, BPT 5204 (Samba Mahsuri). SRI increases yield 15-25% with 30% less water.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Cuttack / DRR Hyderabad Nursery Guide 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-P01", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella)", |
| "condition_hindi": "गुलाबी इल्ली / पिंक बोलवर्म", |
| "symptoms": "Rosette flowers (petals stuck together). Round holes in bolls. Pink larvae inside bolls. Damaged seeds. Most damaging pest of cotton in India.", |
| "treatment": "Profenofos 50% EC @ 2 ml/L (200L/acre). OR Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.3 ml/L. OR Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG @ 0.4 g/L. Spray at boll formation stage.", |
| "chemical_1": "Profenofos 50% EC", |
| "dose_1": "2 ml per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG", |
| "dose_2": "0.4 ml per litre, 150-200 litres per acre. Most effective for pink bollworm larva inside boll.", |
| "chemical_3": "Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG", |
| "dose_3": "0.4 g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "50 days after sowing (boll formation). Pheromone trap catch of 8+ moths/trap/night = spray trigger. 2-3 sprays at 15-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps (Gossyplure) @ 5/acre from 45 DAS for monitoring. Bt cotton reduces damage. Mass mating disruption in large blocks. Neem oil 5% spray at early infestation.", |
| "do_not": "NEVER use Monocrotophos or Endosulfan (banned, highly toxic). Avoid pyrethroids as sole treatment (resistance common). Rotate insecticide groups.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur Pink Bollworm Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-P02", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Helicoverpa / American Bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera)", |
| "condition_hindi": "अमेरिकन इल्ली / हेलिकोवर्पा", |
| "symptoms": "Half-eaten squares/bolls with entry holes. Green/yellow larvae with white side stripe and black dots. Feeds on young bolls from outside. ETL: 1 larva per plant.", |
| "treatment": "Indoxacarb 15.8% EC @ 1 ml/L. OR Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.3 ml/L. OR Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.3 ml/L (rotate products).", |
| "chemical_1": "Indoxacarb 15.8% EC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 45% SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At ETL (1 larva/plant or 10% boll damage). Spray in evening (larvae active). Rotate IRAC groups to prevent resistance.", |
| "ipm": "HaNPV (Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus) @ 250 LE/acre for biological control. T. chilonis egg parasitoid @ 50,000/acre. Pheromone traps (HeliLure) 5/acre. Neem oil 5% at early infestation.", |
| "do_not": "NEVER Monocrotophos (banned). Avoid pyrethroids alone (high resistance in Helicoverpa). Do NOT spray same insecticide mode of action more than twice.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur Helicoverpa IPM Protocol 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-P03", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) — also spreads CLCuV", |
| "condition_hindi": "सफेद मक्खी / व्हाइटफ्लाई", |
| "symptoms": "Tiny white insects on underside of leaves. Sticky honeydew → sooty mould (black coating). Yellowing, leaf curl. Vector of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV).", |
| "treatment": "Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 0.5 ml/L. OR Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 1.5 g/L. OR Flonicamid 50% WG @ 0.3 g/L. Avoid repeated use of same product.", |
| "chemical_1": "Spiromesifen 22.9% SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.5 ml per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Flonicamid 50% WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.3 g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre — spray UNDERSIDE of leaves", |
| "timing": "ETL: 6 adults per leaf. Morning spray preferred (insects less active).", |
| "ipm": "Yellow sticky traps 10/acre. Neem oil 5% + silicone spreader as contact spray. Reflective mulch repels whitefly. Remove CLCuV-infected plants.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use Imidacloprid or Acetamiprid repeatedly (resistance widespread in whitefly). Do NOT spray foliar insecticides during boll opening.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur Whitefly Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-D01", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease (CLCuD)", |
| "condition_hindi": "पत्ती मोड़ रोग / लीफ कर्ल वायरस", |
| "symptoms": "Upward/downward curling of leaves, vein thickening, dark green enations (leaf-like outgrowths) on leaf underside. Severe stunting. Transmitted by whitefly. No direct cure.", |
| "treatment": "No cure — management only. Control whitefly vector: Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 0.5 ml/L. Remove and destroy infected plants early. Spray Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.4 g/L as systemic for whitefly.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiamethoxam 25% WG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4 g per litre (systemic whitefly control)", |
| "chemical_2": "Spiromesifen 22.9% SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.5 ml per litre", |
| "timing": "Vector control from 15 DAS. Rogue out infected plants within 30 DAS.", |
| "ipm": "Plant CLCuD-tolerant varieties: LD 694, MRC 7918, RCH 134. Yellow sticky traps. Neem oil 5% for whitefly. Mineral oil spray disrupts aphid/whitefly transmission.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT keep infected plants — they are virus reservoir. There is NO fungicide or bactericide for viral disease.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur / PAU Ludhiana CLCuD Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-A01", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Cotton Sowing — Season, Seed Rate, Spacing", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Hybrid Bt cotton: 800 g/acre (hybrid). Desi cotton: 3-4 kg/acre. Spacing: 90×60 cm (rows×plants) normal. 120×45 cm for wide-row machine harvesting.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 70% WS", |
| "dose_1": "5 g per kg seed (seed treatment for sucking pests)", |
| "timing": "April 15 - June 15 (Punjab/Haryana). May 1 - June 30 (Maharashtra Vidarbha). Avoid late July+ sowing (bollworm pressure increases).", |
| "ipm": "Fertiliser: N:P:K = 40:20:20 kg/acre. Apply 50% N + full P + full K at sowing. Remaining N at first square. Intercrop with Green gram (moong) in row spacing for extra income + nitrogen.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT sow in waterlogged fields. Do NOT exceed 60 DAS for gap filling. Avoid excess N after boll formation.", |
| "notes": "Varieties: MRC 7918 (whitefly tolerant), RCH 134, Bunny Bt. Non-Bt: LD 694. Punjab: approved varieties list from PAU.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur / PAU Ludhiana Cotton Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-soybean-D01", |
| "crop": "soybean", "crop_hindi": "सोयाबीन", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV) of Soybean", |
| "condition_hindi": "पीला मोज़ेक वायरस", |
| "symptoms": "Bright yellow mosaic pattern on young leaves. Plants stunted, pods fewer. Transmitted by whitefly Bemisia tabaci. ETL: any YMV plant in field = immediate action.", |
| "treatment": "Remove and destroy infected plants immediately. Control whitefly vector: Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.5 g/L. OR Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3 ml/L. Spray at 15-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiamethoxam 25% WG", |
| "dose_1": "0.5 g per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Imidacloprid 17.8% SL", |
| "dose_2": "0.3 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Begin whitefly control at 15 DAS (before YMV appears). Remove infected plants within 30 DAS.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: JS 9560, NRC 86 (YMV tolerant). Seed treatment: Thiamethoxam 30% FS @ 10 ml/kg (systemic protection 30 days). Yellow sticky traps 10/acre.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT keep YMV-infected plants — virus spreads rapidly. There is NO chemical cure for the virus itself. Do NOT sow susceptible varieties (JS 335) in YMV-endemic areas.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Indore YMV Management Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-soybean-D02", |
| "crop": "soybean", "crop_hindi": "सोयाबीन", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Stem Fly / Melanagromyza sojae", |
| "condition_hindi": "तना मक्खी / स्टेम फ्लाई", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing and wilting of seedlings (7-21 DAS). Dead heart. Tiny maggot inside stem mines tunnels. 10-20% plant death in early kharif.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment: Thiamethoxam 30% FS @ 10 ml/kg seed (most effective). Foliar (if missed seed treatment): Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3 ml/L at 7-10 DAS.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiamethoxam 30% FS", |
| "dose_1": "10-21 ml per kg seed for seed treatment. ICAR standard: 10 ml/kg (Thiamethoxam 30% FS). Alternate foliar: 0.3 ml/L spray.", |
| "chemical_2": "Imidacloprid 17.8% SL", |
| "dose_2": "0.3 ml per litre, 150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing (best option). Foliar at 7-10 DAS if seedling death >10%.", |
| "ipm": "Early sowing (June 15-25) reduces stem fly incidence. Resistant varieties: MACS 450. Avoid late sowing after July 15.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT rely on foliar spray alone — stem fly maggot inside stem by the time damage visible. Seed treatment is the ONLY reliable protection.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Indore Stem Fly Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-soybean-P01", |
| "crop": "soybean", "crop_hindi": "सोयाबीन", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Spodoptera / Girdle Beetle (Obereopsis brevis)", |
| "condition_hindi": "गर्डल बीटल", |
| "symptoms": "Circular ring of tunnels at stem junction. Upper portion of stem wilts and falls. Larva inside girdled stem. 15-30% yield loss possible.", |
| "treatment": "Profenofos 50% EC @ 2 ml/L (200L/acre). OR Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.3 ml/L. Collect and destroy fallen stems.", |
| "chemical_1": "Profenofos 50% EC", |
| "dose_1": "2 ml per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "40-60 DAS (pod formation stage). At first girdling sign. Evening spray preferred.", |
| "ipm": "Early sowing (June 15-25) escapes peak girdle beetle. Intercropping with sorghum (4:2 ratio) reduces pest pressure. Collect fallen stems.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply Monocrotophos (banned). Avoid late sowing — peak girdle beetle coincides with late-sown pod stage.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Indore Girdle Beetle Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-soybean-N01", |
| "crop": "soybean", "crop_hindi": "सोयाबीन", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Soybean Seed Treatment and Rhizobium Inoculation", |
| "condition_hindi": "राइजोबियम टीका / सीड ट्रीटमेंट", |
| "symptoms": "N/A — preventive practice", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment order: 1st Fungicide (Thiram+Carbendazim 1.5+1 g/kg) → 24h wait → 2nd Rhizobium japonicum 5 g/kg + PSB (Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria) 5 g/kg. Dry in shade before sowing.", |
| "chemical_1": "Rhizobium japonicum", |
| "dose_1": "5 g per kg seed (fixes 60-80 kg N/acre)", |
| "chemical_2": "PSB (Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria)", |
| "dose_2": "5 g per kg seed", |
| "timing": "Apply biofertilizer last, 24 hours after fungicide, on day of sowing. Shade-dry for 30 minutes.", |
| "ipm": "Rhizobium + PSB replaces 40-60 kg Urea/acre. Do NOT apply N-fertiliser with Rhizobium inoculated soybean (inhibits nodulation).", |
| "do_not": "NEVER apply Rhizobium for wheat, rice, maize, cotton, mustard (these crops do NOT form Rhizobium nodules). Rhizobium ONLY for legumes: soybean, arhar, moong, urad, groundnut, gram.", |
| "notes": "Spacing: 45×10 cm (standard Vidarbha black soil). Seed rate: 30-35 kg/acre. Best varieties MP: JS 9560, NRC 37. Maharashtra: MACS 450, PHULE KALYANI.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Indore Soybean Production Guide 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-soybean-A01", |
| "crop": "soybean", "crop_hindi": "सोयाबीन", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Waterlogging Emergency in Soybean", |
| "condition_hindi": "जलभराव / बाढ़", |
| "symptoms": "Yellow leaves, root rot, wilting after 24+ hours waterlogging. Pythium root rot (brown slimy roots). 30-50% yield loss if not managed within 48 hours.", |
| "treatment": "STEP 1: Drain field immediately — open channels/furrows. STEP 2: Foliar spray KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate) 1% @ 10g/L. STEP 3: Metalaxyl+Mancozeb @ 2.5 g/L soil drench. STEP 4: No N-fertiliser for 7-10 days.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5 g per litre, soil drench at base of plant", |
| "chemical_2": "Potassium Nitrate (KNO3)", |
| "dose_2": "10 g per litre foliar spray", |
| "timing": "Within 48 hours of waterlogging. Drain first, then spray.", |
| "ipm": "Ridge-furrow planting prevents waterlogging. Soybean on bunds/raised beds. Cover crop with quick-drain furrows from day 1 of sowing.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply urea or DAP immediately after waterlogging — roots cannot absorb, nitrogen leaches and harms plant. Wait 7-10 days.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Indore Waterlogging Emergency Protocol 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-maize-P01", |
| "crop": "maize", "crop_hindi": "मक्का", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Fall Armyworm (FAW) / Spodoptera frugiperda", |
| "condition_hindi": "फॉल आर्मीवर्म / FAW", |
| "symptoms": "Ragged window-pane feeding on leaves. Frass (powdery excreta) in whorl. Large larvae (40mm) with inverted Y on head. Introduced pest — first reported India 2018. Very rapid damage.", |
| "treatment": "Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG @ 0.4 g/L (spray into whorl). OR Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.3 ml/L. OR Spinetoram 11.7% SC @ 0.5 ml/L. Add sand (5 parts) for granule in whorl.", |
| "chemical_1": "Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4 g per litre, 200 litres per acre — direct into whorl", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre directed into leaf whorl", |
| "timing": "At first symptom (V3-V6 stage, 15-30 DAS). Spray into whorl at evening. Two sprays 10 days apart.", |
| "ipm": "Neem oil 5% + silicone spreader as first spray. FAW pheromone traps 5/acre for monitoring. Trichogramma pretiosum egg parasitoid. Early detection critical — check whorls from 10 DAS.", |
| "do_not": "NEVER Monocrotophos (banned). Do NOT spray water only — need penetrant/silicone spreader to reach whorl. Do NOT ignore early V3-V5 damage — FAW multiplies 10× in 7 days.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIMR Hyderabad FAW Emergency Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-maize-D01", |
| "crop": "maize", "crop_hindi": "मक्का", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Maize Downy Mildew / Crazy Top (Peronosclerospora sorghi)", |
| "condition_hindi": "मक्के का डाउनी मिल्डयू", |
| "symptoms": "White downy growth on leaves (underside). Chlorotic striping. Excessive tillering and witches' broom (crazy top). Plants stunted. Soil-borne + seed-borne.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment: Metalaxyl 35% WS @ 6 g/kg seed (most important). No effective foliar cure. Destroy infected plants.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl 35% WS", |
| "dose_1": "6 g per kg seed", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment MANDATORY before sowing in endemic areas. Remove infected plants early.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant hybrids: HQPM 1, Vivek Hybrid 9. Crop rotation (2 years non-host). Avoid waterlogging.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT plant seed from infected crop. No foliar fungicide is effective for downy mildew once established.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIMR Hyderabad Downy Mildew Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-maize-PH01", |
| "crop": "maize", "crop_hindi": "मक्का", |
| "category": "postharvest", |
| "condition": "Maize Aflatoxin Prevention in Storage", |
| "condition_hindi": "एफ्लाटॉक्सिन / एफ्लासेफ", |
| "symptoms": "Mouldy grain with yellowish-green fungal growth. Caused by Aspergillus flavus when moisture >12%. Causes liver cancer in humans; aflatoxin in cattle milk.", |
| "treatment": "CRITICAL: Dry maize to 12-14% moisture (target 12%) before storage. Store in hermetic PICS bags only. AflaSafe biocontrol: apply in field @ 10 kg/acre 4 weeks before harvest.", |
| "chemical_1": "AflaSafe (atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus biocontrol)", |
| "dose_1": "10 kg per acre in field, 4 weeks before harvest", |
| "timing": "Harvest at mature stage. Dry immediately to 12-14%. Apply AflaSafe in field mid-season.", |
| "ipm": "Harvest as soon as physiologically mature. Dry immediately. Hermetic bags prevent moisture rise. Segregate cracked/damaged kernels (aflatoxin entry point).", |
| "do_not": "NEVER store maize above 14% moisture. NEVER feed visibly mouldy grain to cattle (aflatoxin in milk). Food use: strictly less than 20 ppb (FSSAI standard). DDT is BANNED for storage.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIMR Hyderabad Aflatoxin Management 2024 + ICRISAT AflaSafe Program", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-mustard-P01", |
| "crop": "mustard", "crop_hindi": "सरसों", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi)", |
| "condition_hindi": "सरसों का माहू / एफिड", |
| "symptoms": "Greenish-yellow aphids in clusters on young shoots, buds, pods. Honeydew → sooty mould. Wilting of flower buds. ETL: 50-60 aphids per plant. Severe in January-February.", |
| "treatment": "At ETL: Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.4 g/L (150L/acre). OR Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3 ml/L. OR Oxydemeton methyl 25% EC @ 1 ml/L. Do NOT spray during flowering.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiamethoxam 25% WG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4 g per litre, 150 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Oxydemeton Methyl 25% EC", |
| "dose_2": "1 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "AFTER flowering (bud initiation to pod fill). NEVER spray during full flower — kills bees (pollination loss). Check daily from January.", |
| "ipm": "Yellow sticky traps 10/acre. Natural enemies (syrphid fly, ladybird) give 60% control. Neem oil 5% at early infestation. Sow early (Oct 1-15) to escape peak aphid February pressure.", |
| "do_not": "NEVER spray any insecticide during mustard flowering — bees essential for pollination; yield loss from bee death > aphid damage. Wait until all petals fallen.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DRMR Bharatpur Mustard IPM 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-mustard-D01", |
| "crop": "mustard", "crop_hindi": "सरसों", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "White Rust / Downy Mildew of Mustard (Albugo candida + Hyaloperonospora)", |
| "condition_hindi": "सफेद रतुआ / श्वेत किट्ट", |
| "symptoms": "White blistery pustules on undersides of leaves. Yellow areas on upper leaf. Stag-head malformation of inflorescence (flowers aborted, stag-head shape). Most damaging in humid cool weather.", |
| "treatment": "Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2.5 g/L (200L/acre). OR Dimethomorph 50% WP @ 1 g/L. Two sprays: 30 DAS and 45 DAS.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5 g per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Dimethomorph 50% WP", |
| "dose_2": "1 g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "First spray at 30-35 DAS (rosette stage). Second at 45 DAS. Preventive spray more effective than curative.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: Pusa Bold, RH 30, Pusa Tarak. Avoid dense planting. Seed treatment: Metalaxyl 35% WS @ 6 g/kg seed.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply during flowering. Do NOT ignore stag-head malformation — by then yield already lost.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DRMR Bharatpur White Rust Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-mustard-N01", |
| "crop": "mustard", "crop_hindi": "सरसों", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Sulphur Deficiency in Mustard", |
| "condition_hindi": "सल्फर की कमी", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing of young/upper leaves first (unlike N deficiency — older leaves yellow). Small leaves. Reduced oil content in seeds. Common in sandy soils.", |
| "treatment": "Gypsum (CaSO4) @ 200 kg/acre as basal (most economical). OR Ammonium Sulphate @ 40 kg/acre. Foliar: Potassium Sulphate @ 10 g/L if severe deficiency.", |
| "chemical_1": "Gypsum (Calcium Sulphate) 21% S", |
| "dose_1": "200 kg per acre as basal", |
| "chemical_2": "Ammonium Sulphate 21% N + 24% S", |
| "dose_2": "40 kg per acre", |
| "timing": "Apply gypsum at sowing as basal. Foliar spray at 30-35 DAS if deficiency visible.", |
| "ipm": "Sulphur essential for glucosinolate formation in mustard. Also apply: N:P:K = 40:16:16 kg/acre. Boron 0.5% foliar at bud stage improves pod set.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT confuse with N deficiency (S deficiency shows in young leaves, N in old leaves). Do NOT neglect sulphur — reduces oil% by 2-3 points.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DRMR Bharatpur Mustard Nutrition Guide 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-mustard-A01", |
| "crop": "mustard", "crop_hindi": "सरसों", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Mustard Sowing Time and Varieties", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Seed rate: 2-2.5 kg/acre. Row spacing: 30-45 cm. Sowing depth: 2-3 cm. Thinning at 15-20 DAS to maintain 15-20 cm plant spacing.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiram 75% DS", |
| "dose_1": "3 g per kg seed (seed treatment, protects against damping off)", |
| "timing": "North India: Oct 1-20 (optimal). Late sowing Oct 21-Nov 10: use RH 30 (early variety). Rajasthan: Sep 25 - Oct 15.", |
| "ipm": "Best varieties: Pusa Bold (high yield), RH 30 (early maturity 110 days), Pusa Tarak (white rust tolerant), Kranti (aphid tolerant). Fertiliser: N:P:K:S = 40:16:16 + 20 kg S/acre.", |
| "do_not": "NEVER sow after November in North India — aphid peak in Jan-Feb coincides with flowering, yield drops 40-50%. Avoid excess N (promotes aphid).", |
| "source": "ICAR-DRMR Bharatpur Mustard Production Guide 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-potato-D01", |
| "crop": "potato", "crop_hindi": "आलू", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)", |
| "condition_hindi": "झुलसा रोग / लेट ब्लाइट", |
| "symptoms": "Water-soaked dark brown lesions on leaves, white sporulation on underside in humid conditions. Rapid browning and collapse of haulm. Most devastating potato disease. Spreads explosively in cool+humid conditions (18-20°C, >90% RH).", |
| "treatment": "Prophylactic: Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5 g/L (200L/acre) every 7-10 days. Curative (after symptoms): Metalaxyl 8%+Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2.5 g/L. OR Cymoxanil 8%+Mancozeb 64% @ 3 g/L.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5 g per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP", |
| "dose_2": "3 g per litre", |
| "chemical_3": "Mancozeb 75% WP (preventive only)", |
| "dose_3": "2.5 g per litre, every 7 days", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Start preventive Mancozeb from 30 DAS. Switch to systemic (Metalaxyl+Mancozeb) at first lesion. Spray every 5-7 days in blight weather.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: Kufri Khyati, Kufri Surya, Kufri Frysona. Early harvest at haulm kill stage prevents tuber blight. Remove infected haulm before harvest.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT delay — late blight can destroy entire crop in 5-7 days. Do NOT rotate fungicide modes — alternate Mancozeb (M3) with Metalaxyl+Mancozeb to prevent resistance. NEVER leave infected tubers in field.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CPRI Shimla Late Blight Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-potato-PH01", |
| "crop": "potato", "crop_hindi": "आलू", |
| "category": "postharvest", |
| "condition": "Potato Cold Storage — Curing and Temperature", |
| "condition_hindi": "आलू का कोल्ड स्टोरेज", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "STEP 1: CURE for 7-10 days at 12-15°C, 90-95% RH before cold storage. STEP 2: Cold storage at 2-4°C (table potato) or 8-10°C (seed potato), 90-95% RH. Duration: 6-9 months.", |
| "chemical_1": "CIPC (Chlorpropham) 3% EC", |
| "dose_1": "24 ml per tonne for sprout suppression (table potato only, NOT seed potato)", |
| "timing": "Cure immediately after harvest. CIPC application after 30 days in cold storage.", |
| "ipm": "Curing heals skin wounds → prevents rotting and moisture loss. Reduces storage losses by 30%. Cost: Rs 150-250 per quintal per season (cold storage rent).", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT store uncured potato directly in cold. Do NOT store near onion (ethylene causes sprouting). Do NOT apply CIPC to seed potato (prevents sprouting needed for planting). Do NOT open cold store frequently.", |
| "notes": "Varieties: Kufri Pukhraj (early, 60-70d), Kufri Jyoti (80-90d), Kufri Badshah. Punjab/UP: main season Oct-Dec.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CPRI Shimla Post-Harvest Storage 2024 / NHB Advisory", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-tomato-D01", |
| "crop": "tomato", "crop_hindi": "टमाटर", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Early Blight of Tomato (Alternaria solani)", |
| "condition_hindi": "अगेती झुलसा रोग", |
| "symptoms": "Dark brown concentric ring lesions (target board appearance) on older leaves first. Yellowing around lesions. Defoliation from bottom up. Affects fruit too — black sunken lesions at stem end.", |
| "treatment": "Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5 g/L (200L/acre). OR Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1 ml/L. OR Chlorothalonil 75% WP @ 2 g/L. Start preventive at 20-25 DAT.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5 g per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Azoxystrobin 23% SC", |
| "dose_2": "1 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive spray from 20-25 DAT. Repeat every 10 days. More frequent in humid weather.", |
| "ipm": "Balanced N:K ratio (avoid excess N). Remove infected lower leaves. Mulching reduces splash dispersal. Drip irrigation reduces leaf wetness.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use sprinkler irrigation in blight-prone weather. Do NOT neglect early removal of infected leaves.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIHR Bengaluru Tomato Disease Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-tomato-P01", |
| "crop": "tomato", "crop_hindi": "टमाटर", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Tomato Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)", |
| "condition_hindi": "टमाटर का फल छेदक / इल्ली", |
| "symptoms": "Circular entry holes in tomato fruit. Larvae inside eating seeds and flesh. Frass at entry hole. Heavy infestation = 30-50% fruit loss. Peak during cool dry weather.", |
| "treatment": "Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.3 ml/L (200L/acre). OR Indoxacarb 15.8% EC @ 1 ml/L. OR Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG @ 0.4 g/L. Spray at 5 pm (evening) when larvae active.", |
| "chemical_1": "Spinosad 45% SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.3 ml per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Indoxacarb 15.8% EC", |
| "dose_2": "1 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At fruit set (45-50 DAT). ETL: 1 larva per plant or 5% damaged fruits. Spray in evening. Repeat every 10-14 days.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps (HeliLure) 5/acre for monitoring. HaNPV @ 250 LE/acre biological control. Remove and destroy damaged fruits (kills larvae). Trichogramma chilonis 50,000/acre × 4 releases.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray same chemical more than twice. Rotate insecticide groups to prevent resistance. NEVER Monocrotophos (banned).", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIHR Bengaluru Tomato Pest Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-tomato-PH01", |
| "crop": "tomato", "crop_hindi": "टमाटर", |
| "category": "postharvest", |
| "condition": "Tomato Grading, Packing and Export", |
| "condition_hindi": "टमाटर की ग्रेडिंग और पैकिंग", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "GRADING: Grade A >65mm, Grade B 55-65mm, Grade C 45-55mm diameter. Pre-cool to 10-12°C within 2 hours of harvest. Pack in CFB cartons 5-10 kg. Follow APEDA standards for export.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiabendazole 45% SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.1% dip (1 ml in 1 litre water) for post-harvest fungal control", |
| "timing": "Pre-cool within 2 hours of harvest. Grade and pack same day.", |
| "ipm": "Each fruit in foam net or tissue paper to prevent bruising. Refrigerated transport at 10-12°C. Shelf life: 3-4 weeks in cold chain.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT mix damaged/cracked tomatoes with export grade. Do NOT pack without pre-cooling (shelf life halved). Do NOT stack cartons more than 4 high.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIHR Bengaluru / APEDA Tomato Export Standards 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-tomato-A01", |
| "crop": "tomato", "crop_hindi": "टमाटर", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Tomato Drip Irrigation — Water Requirement", |
| "condition_hindi": "ड्रिप से टमाटर सिंचाई", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Drip irrigation: 2-4 litres per plant per day. Seedling stage (1-30 DAT): 1-2 L/plant/day. Flowering (30-60 DAT): 2-3 L/plant/day. Fruit set and fill (60-90 DAT): 3-4 L/plant/day (critical stage — no water stress).", |
| "chemical_1": "NPK 19:19:19 soluble", |
| "dose_1": "Fertigate through drip: 2-3 kg per acre per week", |
| "timing": "Drip run daily. Fertigation twice per week. Water stress during fruit set causes blossom end rot.", |
| "ipm": "Mulching reduces evaporation 40%. Drip saves 50% water vs flood. Total water: 15-20 acre-inches for full season.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT flood irrigate after fruit set (blossom end rot, cracking). Do NOT let soil dry out during fruit fill.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIHR Bengaluru Tomato Water Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-onion-D01", |
| "crop": "onion", "crop_hindi": "प्याज", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Purple Blotch / Stemphylium Blight (Alternaria porri + Stemphylium vesicarium)", |
| "condition_hindi": "बैंगनी धब्बा रोग", |
| "symptoms": "Purple-brown lesions with yellow halo on leaves. Lesions enlarge, leaves fall over. Neck rot in storage begins from these lesions. Most common in humid conditions.", |
| "treatment": "Iprodione 50% WP @ 2 g/L. OR Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5 g/L + Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 2 g/L. OR Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1 ml/L.", |
| "chemical_1": "Iprodione 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2 g per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Tebuconazole 25.9% EC", |
| "dose_2": "1 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "From 45 DAT onwards. Every 10-15 days. Stop spray 2 weeks before harvest.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: Bhima Raj, Bhima Shakti. Avoid excessive N. Proper spacing for air circulation.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray within 2 weeks of harvest. Do NOT store bulbs with purple blotch infections (causes neck rot).", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF Nasik Onion Disease Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-onion-PH01", |
| "crop": "onion", "crop_hindi": "प्याज", |
| "category": "postharvest", |
| "condition": "Onion Storage — Curing and Conditions", |
| "condition_hindi": "प्याज का भंडारण", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "CURING: Stop irrigation 10 days before harvest. Cure bulbs 3-5 days in field (tops down in shade). STORAGE: Well-ventilated bamboo/wooden crates on raised platforms. Conditions: 65-70% RH, good air circulation. Duration: 3-6 months.", |
| "timing": "Cure immediately after harvest. Check stored bulbs weekly for rot.", |
| "ipm": "Proper curing reduces neck rot by 40%. Never store on floor (moisture accumulates). Remove rotten bulbs immediately.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT store in gunny bags or airtight containers. Do NOT store with garlic or potatoes. Do NOT store in direct sunlight. Do NOT store unbunched with tops on (promotes rotting).", |
| "notes": "Varieties: Nasik Red (Bhima Raj), NHRDF Red 3, Agrifound Light Red. Export grade: 35-70mm diameter, firm bulbs.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF Nasik Post-Harvest Onion Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-arhar-D01", |
| "crop": "arhar", "crop_hindi": "अरहर", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Fusarium Wilt of Pigeon Pea (Fusarium udum)", |
| "condition_hindi": "उकठा / विल्ट रोग", |
| "symptoms": "Sudden wilting of single branches or whole plant. Brown discolouration in stem vascular tissue (cut stem). More common in medium-textured soils. No cure once infected.", |
| "treatment": "No effective curative treatment. Prevention: Seed treatment Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2 g/kg + Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg. Soil application Trichoderma viride 2.5 kg/acre with FYM 250 kg.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2 g per kg seed", |
| "chemical_2": "Trichoderma viride / harzianum", |
| "dose_2": "4 g per kg seed + 2.5 kg per acre in soil with FYM", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Soil application at last ploughing.", |
| "ipm": "Wilt-resistant varieties: Asha (ICPL 87119), Maruti, MA 6. Crop rotation with non-legume. Remove and burn infected plants.", |
| "do_not": "No fungicide spray is effective for Fusarium wilt — it is vascular soil disease. Only seed treatment + resistant varieties help.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Arhar Wilt Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-arhar-PH01", |
| "crop": "arhar", "crop_hindi": "अरहर", |
| "category": "postharvest", |
| "condition": "Arhar Dal Storage — Pest Control", |
| "condition_hindi": "अरहर दाल भंडारण / कीड़े", |
| "symptoms": "Round holes in grain. Powdery white frass. Pulse weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) larvae inside grain. Above 10-12% moisture triggers rapid multiplication.", |
| "treatment": "Neem seed powder 1% mixed with grain (most effective for pulses). OR Malathion 5% dust @ 100 g per quintal mixed. Hermetic bags prevent reinfestation. Duration: 6-12 months.", |
| "chemical_1": "Neem seed kernel powder", |
| "dose_1": "1 kg per quintal grain mixed thoroughly", |
| "chemical_2": "Malathion 5% dust", |
| "dose_2": "100 g per quintal grain", |
| "chemical_3": "Aluminium Phosphide tablet", |
| "dose_3": "1 tablet per 5 quintals — ONLY licensed fumigator", |
| "timing": "Mix protectant at filling time. Fumigate 30 days after storage if reinfestation.", |
| "ipm": "Dry dal to 10-12% moisture (optimum 10%). PICS hermetic bags eliminate oxygen — kills weevils without chemical. Solar drying 2-3 days before storage.", |
| "do_not": "DDT is BANNED. Do NOT store above 12% moisture. Do NOT use excessive Malathion dust (bitterness in dal). Aluminium Phosphide ONLY by licensed operator.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CIPHET / IIPR Kanpur Pulse Storage Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-gram-D01", |
| "crop": "gram", "crop_hindi": "चना", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Botrytis Grey Mould / Gram Blight (Botrytis cinerea)", |
| "condition_hindi": "झुलसा रोग / ग्रे मोल्ड", |
| "symptoms": "Water-soaked lesions on stem at soil level. Grey fluffy fungal growth. Plants collapse. Most severe in cool humid weather (15-20°C). Can destroy 50-80% of crop in kabuli chickpea.", |
| "treatment": "Iprodione 50% WP @ 2 g/L (200L/acre). OR Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1 g/L. OR Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1 ml/L. Spray at flower initiation.", |
| "chemical_1": "Iprodione 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2 g per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Tebuconazole 25.9% EC", |
| "dose_2": "1 ml per litre", |
| "timing": "Spray at flower initiation (50-55 DAS). Repeat at 10-day interval in humid conditions.", |
| "ipm": "Avoid dense sowing. Wide row spacing 30-45 cm for air circulation. Resistant varieties: JG 315, JAKI 9218. Sow in well-drained fields.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply N-fertiliser in excess (lush growth = more blight). Do NOT irrigate in blight weather.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur / ICRISAT Chickpea Disease Guide 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-gram-P01", |
| "crop": "gram", "crop_hindi": "चना", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Pod Borer of Gram (Helicoverpa armigera)", |
| "condition_hindi": "फली छेदक / इल्ली", |
| "symptoms": "Circular holes in pods. Larvae half inside pod eating seeds. Green larvae 30-40mm with dark stripe. ETL: 1 larva per meter row or 5% damaged pods.", |
| "treatment": "Indoxacarb 15.8% EC @ 1 ml/L. OR Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.3 ml/L. OR Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG @ 0.4 g/L. Spray at 50% pod fill stage.", |
| "chemical_1": "Indoxacarb 15.8% EC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG", |
| "dose_2": "0.4 g per litre", |
| "timing": "Pod initiation to pod fill (65-80 DAS). Spray at ETL. Evening spray preferred.", |
| "ipm": "HaNPV @ 250 LE/acre (biological). Pheromone trap HeliLure 5/acre monitoring. Neem oil 5% at early infestation. Intercrop with coriander (Helicoverpa enemy habitat).", |
| "do_not": "NEVER Monocrotophos (banned). Do NOT spray same chemistry twice — Helicoverpa develops resistance rapidly.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Chickpea Pest Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-groundnut-D01", |
| "crop": "groundnut", "crop_hindi": "मूंगफली", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Tikka Disease / Leaf Spot (Cercospora arachidicola + Phaeoisariopsis personata)", |
| "condition_hindi": "टिक्का रोग / पत्ती धब्बा", |
| "symptoms": "Early leaf spot: circular tan lesions, yellow halo. Late leaf spot: darker, fewer yellow halos. Defoliation. 50% yield loss in severe cases. Appears 30-40 days after sowing.", |
| "treatment": "Chlorothalonil 75% WP @ 2 g/L (200L/acre). OR Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5 g/L. OR Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1 ml/L (systemic — use at advanced stage). First spray at 30-35 DAS.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorothalonil 75% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2 g per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Tebuconazole 25.9% EC", |
| "dose_2": "1 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "First spray at 30-35 DAS. Repeat every 10-14 days. 3-4 sprays total.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: TAG 24, GPBD 4, GG 20. Avoid waterlogging. Collect and destroy fallen leaves.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply during pod fill if possible (fungicide residue concern). Do NOT skip spray — every 10 days critical once infection starts.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DGR Junagadh Groundnut Disease Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-groundnut-N01", |
| "crop": "groundnut", "crop_hindi": "मूंगफली", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Calcium Deficiency / Empty Pods in Groundnut", |
| "condition_hindi": "कैल्शियम की कमी / खाली फलियां", |
| "symptoms": "Empty pods or poorly filled pods (peg zone calcium deficiency). Spotty pod fill. Calcium needed at pod zone (pegs/pods absorb Ca directly from soil).", |
| "treatment": "Gypsum (CaSO4) @ 200 kg/acre at peg penetration stage (30-35 DAS). Broadcast in pod zone. Gypsum provides both Ca and S.", |
| "chemical_1": "Gypsum (Calcium Sulphate)", |
| "dose_1": "200 kg per acre at peg penetration (30-35 DAS)", |
| "timing": "Apply exactly at peg penetration stage (30-35 DAS). Late application ineffective.", |
| "ipm": "Groundnut fertiliser: N:P:K = 10:20:20 kg/acre. Rhizobium inoculation replaces N (legume). Boron 0.5% foliar spray at flowering improves pod set.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT skip gypsum application in sandy soils — empty pods will result. Do NOT apply gypsum before 30 DAS (no pegs yet).", |
| "source": "ICAR-DGR Junagadh Groundnut Nutrition Guide 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-sugarcane-D01", |
| "crop": "sugarcane", "crop_hindi": "गन्ना", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Red Rot of Sugarcane (Colletotrichum falcatum)", |
| "condition_hindi": "लाल सड़न रोग", |
| "symptoms": "Red discolouration inside stalk with white patches (alternating red-white). Sour fermented smell. Top leaves yellowing. Ratoon crop more susceptible.", |
| "treatment": "No effective curative spray. PREVENTION: Sett treatment — Carbendazim 50% WP 1 g/L for 30 minutes soak before planting. Remove and destroy infected stools.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "1 g per litre soak for 30 minutes (sett treatment)", |
| "timing": "Sett treatment before planting. Remove infected stools immediately when detected.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: CO 0238 (most planted), CoH 119. Avoid ratoon in red rot fields. Deep furrow planting improves sett germination.", |
| "do_not": "No foliar spray helps for red rot — systemic vascular disease. Do NOT plant setts from red rot infected crop. Burn infected crop residue.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Lucknow Sugarcane Disease Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-sugarcane-A01", |
| "crop": "sugarcane", "crop_hindi": "गन्ना", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Sugarcane Planting — Seed Rate and Spacing", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Seed rate: 2,500-3,000 kg setts/acre (6-8 quintals). Sett type: 3-bud setts (3-eye pieces), 30-35 cm long. Row spacing: 90 cm. Depth: 5-7 cm.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "1 g/L sett soak 30 min", |
| "chemical_2": "Acephate 75% SP", |
| "dose_2": "1.5 g/L sett soak for termite and borer", |
| "timing": "Spring planting: Feb 15 - March 30. Autumn planting: Sep 15 - Oct 31. Spring gives better yield.", |
| "ipm": "Fertiliser: N:P:K = 120:40:40 kg/acre. Split N in 3-4 doses. Earthing up at 90-120 DAS important. Intercrop with vegetables in row space until canopy closes.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT plant single-bud setts (poor germination). Do NOT irrigate excessively at planting (waterlogging = poor germination). Avoid fields with termite history without soil treatment.", |
| "notes": "Varieties: CO 0238 (UP standard), CoH 119 (Haryana), Co 86032 (Maharashtra), CoJ 64 (Punjab).", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Lucknow / SBI Coimbatore Sugarcane Agronomy 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-banana-D01", |
| "crop": "banana", "crop_hindi": "केला", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Panama Wilt / Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense)", |
| "condition_hindi": "पनामा विल्ट / उकठा", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing of oldest leaves first. Brown internal stem discolouration. Wilting and collapse. Soil-borne, no cure. Race 1 affects Poovan/Silk; TR4 affects Cavendish (Grand Naine).", |
| "treatment": "No chemical cure. Prevention: Trichoderma viride 2.5 kg/acre as soil application with FYM. Pseudomonas fluorescens 2.5 kg/acre as drench. Use disease-free tissue culture plants.", |
| "chemical_1": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_1": "2.5 kg per acre soil application with FYM 250 kg", |
| "chemical_2": "Pseudomonas fluorescens", |
| "dose_2": "2.5 kg per acre soil drench", |
| "timing": "Apply biocontrol at planting. Repeat at 3 and 6 months.", |
| "ipm": "Use tissue culture plants (certified disease-free). Crop rotation 3 years non-host. pH management 6.5-7.0. Avoid waterlogging.", |
| "do_not": "No fungicide spray or soil drench eliminates Fusarium once established in soil. Do NOT replant banana in Panama wilt field without 3-year gap.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRC Banana Tiruchirappalli Disease Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-banana-PH01", |
| "crop": "banana", "crop_hindi": "केला", |
| "category": "postharvest", |
| "condition": "Banana Ripening and Cold Storage", |
| "condition_hindi": "केला पकाना और स्टोरेज", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Harvest at 75-80% maturity (green, full fingers). Cold storage: 12-13°C, 90-95% RH, 3-4 weeks. Ripening: Ethephon 0.1% spray (1 ml/L) at 20-22°C in closed room. Ripening time 3-5 days.", |
| "chemical_1": "Ethephon 39% SL", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre water spray + 200 ppm ethylene gas OR keep in ripening chamber 20-22°C", |
| "timing": "Harvest 75-80% maturity. Ripen as per market demand.", |
| "ipm": "Cold chain from farm: pre-cool to 13°C within 2 hours. Cluster packing in CFB boxes. Remove crown with bleach solution to prevent crown rot.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use calcium carbide for ripening (ILLEGAL under PFA rules — health hazard). Do NOT store below 12°C (chilling injury → peel darkens). Do NOT mix ripe and green in cold storage.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRC Banana Tiruchirappalli Post-Harvest 2024 / APEDA Standards", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-mango-D01", |
| "crop": "mango", "crop_hindi": "आम", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Mango Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)", |
| "condition_hindi": "एन्थ्रेकनोज", |
| "symptoms": "Black necrotic spots on leaves and inflorescences. Blossom blight (flowers turn black and die). Post-harvest: dark sunken lesions on fruit. Major cause of pre- and post-harvest losses.", |
| "treatment": "Pre-harvest: Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1 g/L (200L/tree canopy). OR Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1 ml/L. Post-harvest: hot water treatment @ 48°C for 60 minutes.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "1 g per litre, drench canopy at panicle emergence", |
| "chemical_2": "Azoxystrobin 23% SC", |
| "dose_2": "1 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per tree (mature tree)", |
| "timing": "Spray at panicle emergence, flower opening, and fruit set. Post-harvest hot water 48°C for 60 min within 6 hours of harvest.", |
| "ipm": "Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3 g/L as preventive at panicle emergence. Remove infected leaves and mummified fruit. Food-grade wax coating extends shelf life.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT skip post-harvest hot water treatment for export fruit. Do NOT apply fungicide during full flowering.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH Lucknow Mango Post-Harvest Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-mango-PH01", |
| "crop": "mango", "crop_hindi": "आम", |
| "category": "postharvest", |
| "condition": "Mango Transport to Market Without Spoilage — Harvest at 12-13 Brix Maturity", |
| "condition_hindi": "आम बाजार तक कैसे पहुंचाएं", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "PRE-COOL to 12-13°C within 2 hours of harvest. WAX COATING: food-grade carnauba wax extends shelf life 5-7 days. Pack in ventilated CFB crates 5-10 kg. Individual tissue wrap per fruit. Cold transport: 12-13°C. Shelf life: 14-21 days.", |
| "chemical_1": "Post-harvest hot water treatment", |
| "dose_1": "48°C for 60 minutes (prevents anthracnose)", |
| "chemical_2": "Carnauba wax (food grade) or beeswax coating", |
| "dose_2": "Commercial dip or spray — approved food-grade only. Pack in ventilated CFB crate or wooden crate with dry grass/paper cushioning.", |
| "timing": "Pre-cool within 2 hours. Wax coat same day. Transport within 24 hours of harvest for ambient; 7 days for cold chain.", |
| "ipm": "Mature green harvest at physiological maturity (specific gravity 1.01-1.02). Avoid latex on fruit — wipe with cloth. Remove stalks with 1 cm peduncle.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use calcium carbide for ripening (ILLEGAL). Do NOT pack wet fruit. Do NOT mix mature and immature mangoes. Do NOT stack CFB crates more than 6 high.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH Lucknow / NHB Mango Market Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-grape-D01", |
| "crop": "grape", "crop_hindi": "अंगूर", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Downy Mildew of Grape (Plasmopara viticola)", |
| "condition_hindi": "डाउनी मिल्डयू", |
| "symptoms": "Yellow oily patches on upper leaf surface with white cottony growth on underside. Shoots and berries also affected. Berries turn brown, wrinkle. Spreads rapidly in humid conditions (18-22°C, >90% RH).", |
| "treatment": "Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2.5 g/L (200-400L/acre). OR Dimethomorph 50% WP @ 1 g/L. Spray both sides of leaf. 2-3 sprays at 10-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5 g per litre, 200-400 litres per acre (cover both leaf surfaces)", |
| "chemical_2": "Dimethomorph 50% WP", |
| "dose_2": "1 g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200-400 litres per acre for thorough coverage", |
| "timing": "At bud burst and every 10 days during high-risk period (April-June in Nashik). Include both upper and lower leaf surface.", |
| "ipm": "Bordeaux mixture 0.5-1% (copper sulphate + lime) traditional and effective. Balanced nutrition — avoid excess N.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply copper in hot weather (phytotoxicity). Do NOT delay — downy mildew can destroy 80% crop in 2 weeks.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRC Grape Pune Downy Mildew Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-grape-D02", |
| "crop": "grape", "crop_hindi": "अंगूर", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Powdery Mildew of Grape (Uncinula necator)", |
| "condition_hindi": "पाउडरी मिल्डयू / चूर्णिल आसिता", |
| "symptoms": "White powdery growth on leaves, shoots, and berries. Berries crack or fail to develop. Occurs in dry warm weather (22-25°C, low humidity). Opposite weather to downy mildew.", |
| "treatment": "Wettable sulphur 80% WP @ 3 g/L (200L/acre). OR Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1 ml/L. OR Hexaconazole 5% EC @ 2 ml/L. Spray every 10-15 days.", |
| "chemical_1": "Wettable Sulphur 80% WP", |
| "dose_1": "3 g per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Tebuconazole 25.9% EC", |
| "dose_2": "1 ml per litre", |
| "timing": "From bud burst through harvest. Sulphur sprays most economical (preventive).", |
| "ipm": "Bordeaux mixture alternated with sulphur controls both powdery and downy. Proper pruning for air circulation.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply sulphur when temperature >35°C (phytotoxicity). Do NOT apply sulphur within 14 days of an oil spray. Do NOT neglect — powdery mildew reduces sugar content and shelf life.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRC Grape Pune Powdery Mildew Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-chilli-D01", |
| "crop": "chilli", "crop_hindi": "मिर्च", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Chilli Anthracnose / Die Back (Colletotrichum capsici)", |
| "condition_hindi": "एन्थ्रेकनोज / डाई बैक", |
| "symptoms": "Circular brown-orange lesions on ripe fruits (harvested and green). Sunken lesions with concentric rings and pink spore masses in centre. Lesions on stem cause die-back of branches.", |
| "treatment": "Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5 g/L + Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1 g/L combination (200L/acre). OR Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1 ml/L. Start at fruit set.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75% WP + Carbendazim 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5 g/L + 1 g/L mixed, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Azoxystrobin 23% SC", |
| "dose_2": "1 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray at fruit set (45-50 DAT). Continue every 10-14 days. Pre-harvest interval: 7 days.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: LCA 306, Pusa Sadabahar. Seed treatment: Thiram+Carbendazim 2g/kg. Hot water seed treatment 52°C for 20 minutes.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray within 7 days of harvest (MRL violation). Avoid picking wet fruit.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIHR Bengaluru Chilli Disease Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-chilli-P01", |
| "crop": "chilli", "crop_hindi": "मिर्च", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) in Chilli", |
| "condition_hindi": "थ्रिप्स / रस चूसक कीट", |
| "symptoms": "Upward curling of leaves (leaf curl). Silvery scarring on leaves and fruit. Stunted shoot growth. Thrips are tiny (0.5-1mm) yellow-brown insects. Vector of chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCuV).", |
| "treatment": "Fipronil 5% SC @ 2 ml/L (150L/acre). OR Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.3 ml/L. OR Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3 ml/L. Spray in morning (thrips more active).", |
| "chemical_1": "Fipronil 5% SC", |
| "dose_1": "2 ml per litre, 150 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 45% SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3 ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first sign of leaf curl (15-20 DAT). ETL: 10 thrips per leaf. 2-3 sprays at 7-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Blue sticky traps 10/acre for monitoring. Neem oil 5% for early stage. Silver mulch repels thrips. Avoid overlapping crops.", |
| "do_not": "NEVER use Monocrotophos (banned). Rotate insecticide groups to prevent thrips resistance.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIHR Bengaluru Chilli Thrips Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-bajra-D01", |
| "crop": "bajra", "crop_hindi": "बाजरा", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Downy Mildew of Pearl Millet (Sclerospora graminicola)", |
| "condition_hindi": "हरित बाली / डाउनी मिल्डयू", |
| "symptoms": "Pale green/yellow stripes on leaves (systemic). White downy growth. Abnormal ear head (green leafy ear — 'green ear'). Systemic infection from soil. Major constraint in downy mildew-prone areas.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment: Metalaxyl 35% WS @ 6 g/kg seed (highly effective, lasts 35+ days). No foliar control. Remove and destroy infected plants.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl 35% WS", |
| "dose_1": "6 g per kg seed", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment 24 hours before sowing. Critical practice in endemic areas.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant hybrids: HHB 67 Improved, GHB 558, 86M86. Crop rotation. Avoid continuous bajra cropping in same field. Remove and burn infected panicles.", |
| "do_not": "No effective foliar fungicide for downy mildew of bajra. Seed treatment is the ONLY reliable control measure.", |
| "source": "ICAR-AICPMIP / CAZRI Jodhpur Bajra Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-bajra-A01", |
| "crop": "bajra", "crop_hindi": "बाजरा", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Bajra Sowing — Arid/Semi-Arid Regions", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Seed rate: 1.5-2 kg/acre. Row spacing: 45 cm. Thinning at 15 DAS: 15-20 cm plant spacing. Sowing depth: 3-4 cm in moist layer.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl 35% WS + Thiram 75% WS", |
| "dose_1": "6 g + 3 g per kg seed (seed treatment)", |
| "timing": "June 15 - July 15 (kharif, rain onset). Rajasthan: June-July as first kharif in sandy soils. Can be grown as summer crop (March-June) with irrigation.", |
| "ipm": "Best varieties: HHB 67 Improved (drought tolerant, 65-70 days), GHB 558, Proagro 9444. Fertiliser: N:P = 20:10 kg/acre. Low-input crop ideal for arid zones.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT sow before onset of monsoon in dryland (dry sowing causes poor germination). Avoid sowing in waterlogged fields.", |
| "notes": "Bajra is ideal replacement for wheat in June sowing (Rajasthan/Gujarat). Short duration 65-70 days. Survives drought better than any other cereal.", |
| "source": "ICAR-AICPMIP / CAZRI Jodhpur Bajra Guide 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-moong-D01", |
| "crop": "moong", "crop_hindi": "मूंग", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV) of Moong", |
| "condition_hindi": "पीला मोज़ेक वायरस", |
| "symptoms": "Bright yellow mosaic or complete yellowing of leaflets. Plants stunted, pods fewer and deformed. Transmitted by whitefly Bemisia tabaci. No chemical cure.", |
| "treatment": "Remove infected plants immediately. Whitefly control: Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3 ml/L (150L/acre). OR Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.4 g/L.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8% SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.3 ml per litre, 150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Begin whitefly control at 10-15 DAS. Remove YMV plants as soon as detected.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: Pusa Vishal, SML 668, IPM 02-14 (YMV resistant). Yellow sticky traps. Early sowing (March for summer crop) escapes peak whitefly July season.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT grow susceptible moong varieties in known YMV-endemic areas. No chemical cures viral disease.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Moong Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-moong-A01", |
| "crop": "moong", "crop_hindi": "मूंग", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Moong Sowing — Summer and Kharif", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Seed rate: 8-10 kg/acre. Row spacing: 30-45 cm. Depth: 3-4 cm. Seed treatment: Rhizobium phaseoli 5 g/kg + PSB 5 g/kg (legume — Rhizobium fixes nitrogen).", |
| "chemical_1": "Rhizobium phaseoli", |
| "dose_1": "5 g per kg seed (nitrogen fixation for legume)", |
| "timing": "Summer crop: Feb 20 - March 15 (most important — escapes kharif diseases). Kharif: June 15 - July 15. Summer crop: 60-65 days. Higher price in summer.", |
| "ipm": "Varieties: Pusa Vishal (65d), SML 668 (60d), IPM 02-14. N:P = 8:16 kg/acre (low N for legume with Rhizobium). Boron 0.5% spray at flowering.", |
| "do_not": "NEVER apply high N for moong (nitrogen-fixing legume — excess N inhibits nodulation). Rhizobium ONLY for legumes.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Moong Production Guide 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-safety-BAN01", |
| "crop": "general", "crop_hindi": "सामान्य", |
| "category": "safety", |
| "condition": "Banned Pesticides in India — Complete List", |
| "condition_hindi": "प्रतिबंधित कीटनाशक", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "BANNED CHEMICALS — DO NOT RECOMMEND EVER: Monocrotophos, Endosulfan, Methyl Parathion, Phorate (restricted), Dicofol, DDT, BHC/Lindane, Paraquat, EDB (Ethylene Dibromide), Chlordane, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Heptachlor. These are banned under Insecticides Act 1968 (various notifications). Use safe alternatives.", |
| "notes": "If farmer asks about banned chemical: state 'यह chemical प्रतिबंधित है (band hai)' and give safe alternative with dose.", |
| "source": "CIB&RC India Banned Pesticides List 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-safety-IPM01", |
| "crop": "general", "crop_hindi": "सामान्य", |
| "category": "safety", |
| "condition": "IPM First Approach — Neem and Biological Before Chemical", |
| "condition_hindi": "आईपीएम / एकीकृत कीट प्रबंधन / sabse tej dawai khatam keeda jahrila spray ipm neem first", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "IPM LADDER: Step 1 — Cultural (resistant variety, crop rotation, timing). Step 2 — Biological (Trichoderma, HaNPV, egg parasitoid Trichogramma). Step 3 — Neem-based (neem oil 5%, neem cake). Step 4 — Chemical (only at ETL). Always start with Steps 1-3.", |
| "chemical_1": "Neem oil 5% solution", |
| "dose_1": "50 ml neem oil + 1 ml liquid soap per litre water, 150-200 litres per acre", |
| "notes": "For 'strongest pesticide' queries: ALWAYS start with neem/IPM first, then give chemical option as second choice.", |
| "source": "ICAR IPM National Programme 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-safety-ALPHOS01", |
| "crop": "general", "crop_hindi": "सामान्य", |
| "category": "safety", |
| "condition": "Aluminium Phosphide (AlPhos) — Restricted Use", |
| "condition_hindi": "एल्युमिनियम फॉस्फाइड / सेल्फोस", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Aluminium Phosphide 56% tablet releases phosphine gas (deadly). DOSE: 1 tablet per 5 quintals grain. ONLY licensed fumigator/operator can use. Sealed storage only. PPE mandatory.", |
| "notes": "If asked about AlPhos for home or non-farm use: state 'यह केवल licensed operator द्वारा ही इस्तेमाल किया जाना चाहिए'. NEVER give home-use dose. Fatalities from improper use very common.", |
| "source": "CIB&RC India AlPhos Restricted Use Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-nutrient-N01", |
| "crop": "general", "crop_hindi": "सामान्य", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Iron Deficiency (Fe) — Interveinal Chlorosis", |
| "condition_hindi": "लोहे की कमी / क्लोरोसिस", |
| "symptoms": "Yellow leaves with green veins (interveinal chlorosis) on young leaves first. Most common in alkaline soils (pH > 7.5), waterlogged soils, high phosphorus soils.", |
| "treatment": "Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4) 0.5% foliar spray @ 5 g/L (200L/acre). 2-3 sprays at 7-day intervals. Chelated iron (Fe-EDTA) @ 0.2% for severe deficiency.", |
| "chemical_1": "Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4 21% Fe)", |
| "dose_1": "5 g per litre + 2.5 g urea per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Chelated Iron Fe-EDTA", |
| "dose_2": "2 g per litre", |
| "timing": "At symptom appearance. 2-3 sprays at weekly intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Lower soil pH by incorporating sulphur. Add FYM. Avoid waterlogging. Do NOT apply excess phosphorus in iron-deficient soils.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT confuse with N deficiency (N: older leaves yellow; Fe: young leaves yellow with green veins). Soil application of Fe-sulphate less effective in alkaline soils.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IARI Soil Fertility Division Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-nutrient-B01", |
| "crop": "general", "crop_hindi": "सामान्य", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Boron Deficiency — Hollow Heart, Stem Crack", |
| "condition_hindi": "बोरॉन की कमी", |
| "symptoms": "Distorted, thickened young leaves. Hollow stem. Poor fruit/seed set. Flower abortion. Sunflower — hollow disc. Groundnut — empty pods. Cotton — square shedding. Affects fruiting/reproduction.", |
| "treatment": "Borax @ 2 kg/acre soil application (basal). Foliar spray: Boric acid @ 0.1-0.2% (1-2 g/L) at bud/flower stage.", |
| "chemical_1": "Borax (sodium tetraborate)", |
| "dose_1": "2 kg per acre soil application", |
| "chemical_2": "Boric acid", |
| "dose_2": "1 g per litre foliar spray at bud stage", |
| "timing": "Soil application at last ploughing. Foliar at bud initiation to early flowering.", |
| "ipm": "Most needed in light sandy acidic soils. Critical for oilseeds, mustard, sunflower, groundnut, cotton at flowering.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply excess boron (toxic at 5+ kg/acre). Sensitive crops: sugar beet, cotton, sunflower, mustard, groundnut — all need 0.5 ppm boron minimum.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IARI Micronutrient Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-potato-N01", |
| "crop": "potato", "crop_hindi": "आलू", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Phosphorus Deficiency — Purple Leaves", |
| "condition_hindi": "फास्फोरस की कमी / बैंगनी पत्ते", |
| "symptoms": "Purple to red-purple coloration on underside of leaves. Stunted growth. Small tubers. Common in acidic soils. Young plants most affected. Phosphorus deficiency stunts root development.", |
| "treatment": "Basal application: DAP (Di-Ammonium Phosphate 18:46:0) @ 50 kg/acre at planting. OR SSP (Single Super Phosphate 16% P2O5) @ 100 kg/acre. Soil test for phosphorus before application.", |
| "chemical_1": "DAP (Di-Ammonium Phosphate 18:46:0)", |
| "dose_1": "50 kg per acre basal at planting in furrow", |
| "chemical_2": "SSP (Single Super Phosphate 16% P2O5)", |
| "dose_2": "100 kg per acre basal — preferred in alkaline soils", |
| "timing": "Apply DAP or SSP at planting/bed preparation. Mix in furrow 10 cm deep before planting.", |
| "ipm": "Soil test pH: phosphorus (P) availability best at pH 6.0-7.0. In alkaline soils, SSP > DAP. FYM 4 tonnes/acre improves P availability. Zinc and phosphorus antagonism — apply both if soil deficient in both.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply excess phosphorus — ties up zinc and iron. Do NOT use phosphorus in waterlogged conditions. Phosphorus deficiency is NOT a disease — do NOT spray fungicide.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CPRI Shimla Potato Nutrition Guide 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-nutrient-K01", |
| "crop": "general", "crop_hindi": "सामान्य", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Potassium Deficiency — Leaf Margin Scorch and Yellowing", |
| "condition_hindi": "पोटाश की कमी / पत्ते के किनारे जलना और पीलापन", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing and scorching (browning) of leaf margins and tips starting from older lower leaves. Weak stems, lodging in cereals. Poor fruit quality. Sugarcane: internode shortening. Tomato: leaf margin yellowing then drying and browning at edges. Most common in sandy soils and heavy rainfall areas.", |
| "treatment": "MOP (Muriate of Potash 60% K2O) @ 25-50 kg/acre basal. OR SOP (Sulphate of Potash 00:00:50) @ 25 kg/acre. Foliar emergency: KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate 13:00:46) @ 2 g/L. Sugarcane potassium deficiency: MOP 100-120 kg/ha.", |
| "chemical_1": "MOP (Muriate of Potash 60% K2O)", |
| "dose_1": "25-50 kg per acre basal. Sugarcane: 100-120 kg per hectare", |
| "chemical_2": "KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate 00:00:46) foliar spray", |
| "dose_2": "2 g per litre water, 2-3 sprays at weekly intervals", |
| "timing": "Basal MOP at planting. Foliar KNO3 at symptom appearance for quick correction. 2-3 sprays.", |
| "ipm": "Soil test for potassium before application. Potassium loss highest in sandy soils under heavy rainfall. FYM 4-5 t/acre reduces K requirement 20-30%. Verify by soil test.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply excess MOP in chloride-sensitive crops (grapes, potato). Use SOP instead for chloride-sensitive crops. Potassium deficiency NOT a disease — fungicides are useless.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IARI Soil Fertility Division Potassium Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-tomato-N01", |
| "crop": "tomato", "crop_hindi": "टमाटर", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Blossom End Rot — Calcium Deficiency", |
| "condition_hindi": "ब्लॉसम एन्ड रॉट / कैल्शियम की कमी", |
| "symptoms": "Water-soaked dark patch at blossom end (bottom) of fruit, turning black-brown leathery. Affects young rapidly growing fruits. NOT a disease — physiological calcium deficiency or uptake failure due to irregular irrigation.", |
| "treatment": "Calcium Nitrate (15.5:0:0 + 19% Ca) foliar spray @ 2 g/L, spray every 7-10 days. Maintain consistent drip irrigation to improve calcium uptake. Mulching reduces soil moisture stress.", |
| "chemical_1": "Calcium Nitrate (15.5% N + 19% Ca)", |
| "dose_1": "2 g per litre foliar spray, 150-200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)", |
| "dose_2": "1.5 g per litre foliar spray as alternative", |
| "timing": "First spray at flowering. Repeat every 10 days during fruit development. 3-4 sprays total.", |
| "ipm": "Consistent drip irrigation is key — irregular watering blocks calcium uptake even if soil has calcium. Avoid excess ammonium and potassium which compete with calcium. Lime if soil pH < 6.0.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT confuse with late blight (fungal — has white fungal growth). Blossom end rot has NO fungal growth. Do NOT over-apply nitrogen or potassium — worsens calcium competition.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIHR Bangalore Tomato Nutrition Guide 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-mango-A01", |
| "crop": "mango", "crop_hindi": "आम", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Mango Malformation Disease (Fusarium mangiferae)", |
| "condition_hindi": "आम का मालफॉर्मेशन / फूल बिगड़ना", |
| "symptoms": "Vegetative malformation: short bunchy shoots with small leaves. Floral malformation: distorted compact panicles that do not set fruit. Caused by Fusarium mangiferae fungus spread by Aceria mangiferae mites.", |
| "treatment": "Prune all malformed shoots/panicles 15-20 cm below affected portion. Burn pruned material immediately. Spray Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1 ml/L on remaining panicles. NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) @ 200 ppm spray at panicle emergence prevents malformation.", |
| "chemical_1": "Propiconazole 25% EC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre water, spray on panicles in October-November", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbendazim 50% WP", |
| "dose_2": "1 g per litre spray on malformed shoots and panicles. Prune (cut) affected shoots before spraying. Carbendazim controls Fusarium mangiferae fungus.", |
| "timing": "Pruning: immediately after harvest. Propiconazole: October-November before flowering. NAA: at panicle emergence October.", |
| "ipm": "Mite vector control with Abamectin 1.9% EC @ 1 ml/L (Dicofol is banned — use Abamectin instead). Malformation-resistant varieties: Amrapali, Mallika, Neelam.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT leave malformed panicles on tree — inoculum source. Do NOT propagate from infected tree material. DICOFOL IS BANNED — use Abamectin instead.", |
| "notes": "Prune and propiconazole combination reduces malformation 60-80%. Malformation incidence highest in old orchards. Aam mein malformation ke liye prune karo aur propiconazole spray karo.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH Lucknow Mango Malformation Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-D04", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहू", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Leaf Spot / Spot Blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana / Alternaria triticina)", |
| "condition_hindi": "पत्ती धब्बा / स्पॉट ब्लॉच", |
| "symptoms": "Brown to dark brown irregular spots on leaves with yellow halo. Spots enlarge and coalesce in wet weather. Grains show black point. Most severe in humid conditions and terminal heat stress.", |
| "treatment": "Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1 ml/L water, 200L/acre. OR Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2 g/L preventive. 2-3 sprays at 15-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Propiconazole 25% EC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre water, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Mancozeb 75% WP", |
| "dose_2": "2 g per litre water, preventive spray", |
| "timing": "First spray at tillering on symptom appearance. Repeat at jointing. Preventive Mancozeb before, curative Propiconazole after symptom.", |
| "ipm": "Seed treatment Carboxin+Thiram reduces primary inoculum. Balanced N — excess N increases susceptibility.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use Carbendazim alone — no efficacy on leaf spots. Spray propiconazole not carbendazim for gehu leaf spot.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Karnal Foliar Disease Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-D04", |
| "crop": "rice", "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Brown Spot (Bipolaris oryzae / Helminthosporium oryzae)", |
| "condition_hindi": "भूरा धब्बा / ब्राउन स्पॉट", |
| "symptoms": "Oval to circular brown spots with yellow halo on leaves. Can affect glumes causing grain discolouration. Associated with potassium or silicon deficiency. Severe in poor soils.", |
| "treatment": "Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1 ml/L OR Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5 g/L spray. 200L/acre. 2 sprays at 10-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Propiconazole 25% EC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Mancozeb 75% WP", |
| "dose_2": "2.5 g per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first symptom appearance. Critical at tillering and panicle initiation stage.", |
| "ipm": "Apply MOP 25 kg/acre to correct potassium deficiency — reduces brown spot 40%. Seed treatment Thiram 3g/kg. Silicon application helps.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT ignore brown spot — 20-40% yield loss. Do NOT apply N without K — imbalance worsens brown spot.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Cuttack Disease Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-P03", |
| "crop": "rice", "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "BPH Resurgence — Imidacloprid Warning and Buprofezin Solution", |
| "condition_hindi": "BPH रिसर्जेंस — इमिडाक्लोप्रिड खतरनाक, बुप्रोफेजिन सही", |
| "symptoms": "BPH (Nilaparvata lugens) hopperburn — circular drying patches. Imidacloprid causes RESURGENCE — kills natural enemies, BPH explodes. Whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) shows similar symptoms.", |
| "treatment": "Buprofezin 25% SC @ 1 ml/L (200L/acre) — kills nymphs by disrupting moulting. OR Ethofenprox 10% EC @ 1 ml/L. Target base of plants. NEVER use imidacloprid for BPH — causes resurgence. Drain field 7 days to reduce BPH habitat.", |
| "chemical_1": "Buprofezin 25% SC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre, 200 litres per acre, target base of plants", |
| "chemical_2": "Ethofenprox 10% EC", |
| "dose_2": "1 ml per litre as safe alternative to imidacloprid", |
| "timing": "At first nymph appearance. Spray base of plants. Buprofezin is the correct choice for BPH resurgence prevention.", |
| "ipm": "BPH resurgence from imidacloprid/thiamethoxam kills spiders and Cyrtorhinus. Use buprofezin only. Release Trichoderma.", |
| "do_not": "ABSOLUTELY DO NOT USE Imidacloprid or Thiamethoxam for BPH — causes severe resurgence. Buprofezin only for BPH.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DRR Hyderabad BPH Resurgence Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-D05", |
| "crop": "rice", "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Bakanae Disease / Foot Rot (Fusarium fujikuroi)", |
| "condition_hindi": "बकाने रोग / फुट रॉट", |
| "symptoms": "Affected plants elongate excessively — much taller than normal. Light green to yellow thin weak tillers. Plants die before heading. Caused by gibberellin-producing Fusarium fujikuroi. Spreads through infected seed.", |
| "treatment": "SEED TREATMENT is only effective control. Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2 g/kg seed treatment. OR Trifloxystrobin 25%+Tebuconazole 50% WG @ 0.4g/L seed dip 24 hours. Remove and burn infected plants from field.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "2 g per kg seed — mandatory seed treatment before sowing", |
| "chemical_2": "Trifloxystrobin 25% + Tebuconazole 50% WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.4 g per litre — seed dip 24 hours before sowing", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Remove infected plants at 25-30 DAS.", |
| "ipm": "Use certified healthy seed. Hot water seed treatment 52°C 10 min reduces bakanae. Rogue infected plants early.", |
| "do_not": "No effective foliar spray for bakanae. Only seed treatment prevents it. Do NOT sow infected seed.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Cuttack Seed Health 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-tomato-D02", |
| "crop": "tomato", "crop_hindi": "टमाटर", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum)", |
| "condition_hindi": "जीवाणु मुरझान / बैक्टीरियल विल्ट", |
| "symptoms": "Sudden wilting of entire plant even when soil is moist. May partially recover at night. Cut stem: brown vascular discolouration. Bacterial streaming — dip cut stem in water and white milky threads visible. No fungal growth. Soil-borne Ralstonia solanacearum.", |
| "treatment": "NO EFFECTIVE CHEMICAL CURE once infected. Remove and burn infected plants immediately. Preventive copper soil drench: Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3 g/L OR Streptocycline 90% SP @ 0.1 g/L (100 ppm) for mild infections. Use resistant varieties: Arka Rakshak, Arka Samrat.", |
| "chemical_1": "Copper Oxychloride 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "3 g per litre soil drench around base of plant", |
| "chemical_2": "Streptocycline 90% SP", |
| "dose_2": "0.1 g per litre (100 ppm) soil drench", |
| "timing": "Preventive copper drench at transplanting. Remove infected plants immediately on detection.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties Arka Rakshak, Arka Samrat (best solution). Grafting on resistant rootstock. Soil solarization. Crop rotation — avoid solanaceous crops. Drip irrigation reduces spread.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT confuse with Fusarium wilt. Bacterial wilt = sudden collapse, bacterial streaming. No fungicide works — bacterial disease. DESTROY infected plants immediately.", |
| "notes": "Bacterial wilt is soil-borne, persists 7+ years. Resistant variety is only reliable solution. CROP ROTATION: do not grow tomato/brinjal/potato for 3 years in same field — reduces bacterial population. Rotation with non-solanaceous crops (maize, wheat) recommended.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIHR Bangalore Tomato Bacterial Wilt Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-D02", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) — Whitefly Transmitted Viral Disease", |
| "condition_hindi": "कपास पत्ती मुड़न रोग / CLCV वायरस वायरल / cotton leaf curl virus viral disease / thiamethoxam whitefly vector control", |
| "symptoms": "Upward curling and thickening of leaves. Vein swelling on underside. Dark enations (leaf-like outgrowths). Stunted plant. Viral disease — NO CURE after infection.", |
| "treatment": "VIRAL — control whitefly vector only. Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.25 g/L OR Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.25 ml/L for whitefly control. Yellow sticky traps. Remove infected plants immediately.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiamethoxam 25% WG", |
| "dose_1": "0.25 g per litre, 150-200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Imidacloprid 17.8% SL", |
| "dose_2": "0.25 ml per litre for whitefly", |
| "timing": "Preventive spray before CLCV appears. Monitor whitefly population weekly. Remove and burn infected plants.", |
| "ipm": "Yellow sticky traps 8/acre. Neem oil 5% for whitefly. Border crop maize to intercept whitefly.", |
| "do_not": "No chemical cures viral disease. Fungicides useless on viral CLCV. CLCV is viral not fungal.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur Cotton CLCV Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-P04", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Spotted Bollworm and Leaf Hopper — Cotton", |
| "condition_hindi": "धब्बेदार इल्ली / स्पॉटेड बॉलवर्म / लीफ हॉपर", |
| "symptoms": "Spotted bollworm: holes in bolls, frass visible. Leaf hopper: wedge-shaped yellowing of leaf margins (hopper burn), leaf curl. Both cause significant yield loss.", |
| "treatment": "Fipronil 5% SC @ 2 ml/L for bollworm. Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.3 ml/L for caterpillars. For leaf hopper: Dimethoate 30% EC @ 2 ml/L. 200L/acre.", |
| "chemical_1": "Fipronil 5% SC", |
| "dose_1": "2 ml per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 45% SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3 ml per litre, 150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first pest appearance. ETL bollworm 5% boll damage. ETL leaf hopper 2 per leaf.", |
| "ipm": "Neem oil 5% for early infestation. Pheromone traps for bollworm monitoring. Bt spray for young larvae.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use synthetic pyrethroids for leaf hopper — causes resurgence. Rotate insecticides to avoid resistance.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur Cotton Pest Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-P05", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Mites, Thrips and Whitefly — Cotton Sucking Pests", |
| "condition_hindi": "माइट, थ्रिप्स, सफेद मक्खी — कपास", |
| "symptoms": "Thrips: silvery streaks on leaf surface. Mites: bronzing and webbing on underside of leaves. Whitefly: sticky honeydew, yellowing leaves.", |
| "treatment": "Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.3 g/L for thrips and whitefly. Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 0.5 ml/L specifically for mites. Abamectin 1.9% EC @ 0.5 ml/L for mite and thrips complex.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiamethoxam 25% WG", |
| "dose_1": "0.3 g per litre, 150-200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Spiromesifen 22.9% SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.5 ml per litre — specifically for mites", |
| "timing": "At first pest appearance. Mite spray critical in dry hot weather. Evening spray preferred.", |
| "ipm": "Neem oil 2.5% for early mite/thrips. Predatory mites for biological control.", |
| "do_not": "Dicofol is BANNED — use Spiromesifen or Abamectin instead for mite control. Rotate chemicals — mite resistance develops fast.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur Sucking Pest Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-mustard-N02", |
| "crop": "mustard", "crop_hindi": "सरसों", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Sulphur Deficiency in Mustard (Critical Oilseed Nutrient)", |
| "condition_hindi": "सरसों में सल्फर / गंधक की कमी", |
| "symptoms": "Young leaves pale yellow-green, uniform yellowing (not interveinal). Reduced oil content. Delayed flowering. Stunted growth. Sulphur essential for glucosinolate and erucic acid synthesis.", |
| "treatment": "Gypsum (CaSO4) @ 20 kg/acre basal. OR Elemental Sulphur 85% WDG @ 4 kg/acre. OR Ammonium Sulphate @ 50 kg/acre (supplies both N and sulphur). Foliar: Na2SO4 @ 2g/L.", |
| "chemical_1": "Gypsum (Calcium Sulphate CaSO4)", |
| "dose_1": "20 kg per acre basal at last ploughing before sowing", |
| "chemical_2": "Elemental Sulphur 85% WDG", |
| "dose_2": "4 kg per acre soil application OR SSP 100 kg/acre (also supplies sulphur)", |
| "timing": "Basal application at last ploughing before sowing. Most cost-effective option for mustard.", |
| "ipm": "Mustard needs 30-40 kg S/ha. SSP application also provides sulphur. Soil test for S before application.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT ignore sulphur in mustard — directly reduces oil content. Sulphur deficiency is NOT a disease — fungicide useless.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DRMR Bharatpur Mustard Nutrition Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-safety-DICOFOL01", |
| "crop": "general", "crop_hindi": "सामान्य", |
| "category": "safety", |
| "condition": "Dicofol — Banned Miticide, Use Abamectin Instead", |
| "condition_hindi": "डाइकोफोल — प्रतिबंधित, एबामेक्टिन उपयोग करें", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "DICOFOL IS BANNED (band) IN INDIA. Do not use or recommend. Safe alternative for mite control: Abamectin 1.9% EC @ 1 ml/L. OR Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 0.5 ml/L. These are safe, effective, legal alternatives to dicofol.", |
| "chemical_1": "Abamectin 1.9% EC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre water, 150-200 litres per acre — alternative to banned dicofol", |
| "chemical_2": "Spiromesifen 22.9% SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.5 ml per litre — safest mite control option", |
| "timing": "Spray Abamectin at first mite appearance. Evening spray preferred (UV degradation).", |
| "ipm": "Predatory mites (Phytoseiidae) as biological alternative. Neem oil 5% reduces mite populations.", |
| "do_not": "Dicofol is BANNED (band hai) — never recommend. Use Abamectin or Spiromesifen instead. Dicofol = band chemical = illegal.", |
| "source": "CIB&RC India Dicofol Ban Notification + ICAR-CICR 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-safety-PARAQUAT01", |
| "crop": "maize", "crop_hindi": "मक्का", |
| "category": "safety", |
| "condition": "Paraquat — Banned Weedicide, Atrazine is Safe Alternative", |
| "condition_hindi": "पैराक्वाट — प्रतिबंधित, एट्राजीन सही विकल्प", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "PARAQUAT IS BANNED (band) IN INDIA since 2020. For maize weed control: Atrazine 50% WP @ 1 kg/acre pre-emergence (broadleaf + grass weeds). OR Pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1.3L/acre pre-emergence. OR Tembotrione 34.4% SC @ 120 ml/acre post-emergence.", |
| "chemical_1": "Atrazine 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "1 kg per acre pre-emergence, band spray within 3 days of sowing (3 DAS)", |
| "chemical_2": "Pendimethalin 30% EC", |
| "dose_2": "1.3 litres per acre pre-emergence in 200L water", |
| "timing": "Atrazine: pre-emergence within 3 DAS. Band application preferred. Tembotrione: 15-20 DAS post-emergence.", |
| "ipm": "Manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS. Interculture cultivator between rows. Mulching reduces weed germination 70%.", |
| "do_not": "PARAQUAT IS BANNED (band) — never use, never recommend. Paraquat causes irreversible lung damage. Use Atrazine band spray instead for maize — safe, legal, effective.", |
| "source": "CIB&RC India Paraquat Ban 2020 + ICAR-IIMR Hyderabad Weed Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-mustard-PH01", |
| "crop": "mustard", "crop_hindi": "सरसों", |
| "category": "postharvest", |
| "condition": "Mustard Oil Extraction — Ghani and Expeller Method", |
| "condition_hindi": "सरसों का तेल निकालना — घानी और एक्सपेलर मशीन", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Traditional ghani (wood/stone kolhu): 30-35% oil recovery. Modern expeller press machine: 38-42% oil recovery — best yield. Cold-pressed extraction: highest quality, best flavor. Dry mustard seed to 8% moisture before crushing in ghani or expeller. Pre-heat seed to 60°C for 15-20 min to improve extraction.", |
| "chemical_1": "N/A — mechanical extraction", |
| "dose_1": "N/A", |
| "timing": "Dry seed to 8% moisture first before feeding into expeller or ghani.", |
| "ipm": "Store extracted oil in dark glass or steel containers. Shelf life 6-12 months. Avoid plastic containers. Filter through muslin to remove seed particles.", |
| "notes": "Expeller press gives 10% more oil than traditional ghani. Mini expeller (Bansali type): 40-42% extraction. Input: 40-45% oil by weight in good variety mustard seed. Sarso ka tel ghani se nikalne ke liye expeller machine best hai.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DRMR Bharatpur Post-Harvest Technology 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-agronomy-KH01", |
| "crop": "general", "crop_hindi": "सामान्य", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Kharif Crop Selection — Madhya Pradesh Black Soil", |
| "condition_hindi": "खरीफ फसल चुनाव — मध्यप्रदेश काली मिट्टी", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "For black cotton soil (vertisol), MP: Soybean is TOP kharif choice (most profitable, fits black soil). Cotton (Bt cotton) second choice for deep soils Nimar region. Maize for medium soils. Avoid rice in water-scarce MP. Arhar/Tur for light soils.", |
| "chemical_1": "N/A", |
| "dose_1": "N/A", |
| "timing": "Sow after pre-monsoon rain (50mm). Soybean: June 20 - July 15. Cotton: May 15 - June 30. Maize: June 15 - July 10.", |
| "ipm": "MP soil types: Black (deep) = cotton, soybean. Red/laterite = groundnut, sesame, arhar.", |
| "notes": "Best kharif crops MP: 1. Soybean (maximum area black soil). 2. Cotton (Nimar, Khargone). 3. Maize (Chhatarpur, Sagar). 4. Arhar (Vindhya). MP mein kharif mein soybean aur cotton sabse achcha — black soil ke liye.", |
| "source": "ICAR-JNKVV Jabalpur MP Crop Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-agronomy-WH01", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहू", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Wheat Cannot Be Sown in June — Rabi Crop Only", |
| "condition_hindi": "जून में गेहूं संभव नहीं — रबी फसल है", |
| "symptoms": "N/A", |
| "treatment": "Wheat CANNOT be sown in June in Rajasthan or anywhere in India. Wheat is a RABI (winter) crop. Correct window: November 1-25 (Punjab/Haryana). November 5-30 (UP). November 10 - December 5 (MP/Rajasthan). June temperatures in Rajasthan: 40-47°C — kills wheat. Rajasthan mein June mein gehu nahi ho sakta. June = summer = 45 degree Celsius. Gehu ke liye November sahi samay hai.", |
| "chemical_1": "N/A", |
| "dose_1": "N/A", |
| "timing": "Wheat: November only. Late varieties (HD 2781, RAJ 4120) can go December. June = impossible for wheat.", |
| "notes": "If farmer asks about June wheat in Rajasthan: CLEARLY refuse — say it is impossible due to 45°C temperature. CORRECT WHEAT SOWING TIME: November (timely) to December (late sown) — Rabi crop only. Suggest kharif alternatives: bajra, moong, moth bean, groundnut. Wheat in June = total crop failure. December sowing: use RAJ-4120 or HD 2781 varieties only.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CAZRI Jodhpur / ICAR-IIWBR Karnal Crop Calendar 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-tomato-N02", |
| "crop": "tomato", "crop_hindi": "टमाटर", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Potassium Deficiency in Tomato — Leaf Margin Yellowing and Scorch", |
| "condition_hindi": "टमाटर में पोटाश पोटेशियम की कमी / पत्ते के किनारे पीले होना सूखना / tamatar patte kinare peele sukh rahe potassium kami", |
| "symptoms": "Patte ke kinare peele pad rahe hain aur sukh rahe hain (leaf margin yellowing and drying). Starts from older lower leaves. Leaves curl at edges. Typical potassium deficiency pattern in tomato. Reduced fruit size and quality.", |
| "treatment": "SOP (Sulphate of Potash 00:00:50) @ 25 kg/acre basal. OR MOP (Muriate of Potash 60% K2O) @ 20 kg/acre. Foliar spray: KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate 13:00:46) @ 2 g/L for quick correction. 2-3 sprays at weekly intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "SOP (Sulphate of Potash 00:00:50)", |
| "dose_1": "25 kg per acre basal. Preferred for tomato (chloride-sensitive).", |
| "chemical_2": "KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate 13:00:46) foliar", |
| "dose_2": "2 g per litre water, 150-200 litres per acre, 2-3 sprays weekly", |
| "timing": "Foliar KNO3 at first symptom. Basal SOP/MOP at transplanting. Quick correction in 7-10 days.", |
| "ipm": "Soil test for potassium. Irregular irrigation worsens potassium deficiency. FYM 4 t/acre reduces K requirement.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT confuse with blossom end rot (calcium deficiency at fruit bottom). Leaf margin yellowing = potassium; Fruit bottom blackening = calcium. Do NOT apply excess potassium in sandy soils — leaches rapidly.", |
| "notes": "Tamatar mein patte ke kinare peele honaa aur sukhna = potassium ki kami. SOP ya MOP use karo. KNO3 foliar spray turant asar karta hai.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIHR Bangalore Tomato Nutrition Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-N02", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहू", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Iron and Zinc Deficiency — Interveinal Chlorosis in Wheat", |
| "condition_hindi": "गेहूं में लोहे FeSO4 और जिंक ZnSO4 की कमी / gehu patte peele nadiyaan hari interveinal chlorosis deficiency", |
| "symptoms": "Interveinal chlorosis: leaf veins remain green but areas between veins turn yellow. Iron (Fe) deficiency: young leaves affected first. Zinc deficiency: older leaves affected. Both show this interveinal pattern. Common in alkaline soils pH > 7.5.", |
| "treatment": "Iron deficiency: Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4) 0.5% foliar spray @ 5 g/L + 2.5 g/L urea (200L/acre). Zinc deficiency: ZnSO4 (Zinc Sulphate) 21% @ 5 g/L foliar (200L/acre). If both symptoms: apply ZnSO4 + FeSO4 together. Also basal ZnSO4 10 kg/acre every alternate year.", |
| "chemical_1": "FeSO4 (Ferrous Sulphate 21% Fe)", |
| "dose_1": "5 g per litre + 2.5 g urea per litre foliar spray, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "ZnSO4 (Zinc Sulphate 21% Zn)", |
| "dose_2": "5 g per litre foliar spray OR 10 kg per acre basal", |
| "timing": "Spray at first symptom of deficiency. 2-3 sprays at 7-10 day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Soil test for Fe and Zn before sowing. Apply ZnSO4 basal 10 kg/acre for zinc-deficient soils. Avoid excess phosphorus (inhibits Fe and Zn uptake). FYM improves micronutrient availability.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT recommend fungicide for interveinal chlorosis — this is a NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY, not a disease. Fungicides useless. Do NOT delay — deficiency worsens rapidly.", |
| "notes": "Gehu mein patte ke beech peele ho rahe hain = FeSO4 ya ZnSO4 spray karo. Yeh deficiency hai, koi bimari nahi.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Karnal / IARI Soil Fertility Micronutrient Guide 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-sugarcane-N01", |
| "crop": "sugarcane", "crop_hindi": "गन्ना", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Potassium Deficiency in Sugarcane — MOP Application", |
| "condition_hindi": "गन्ने में पोटाश पोटेशियम की कमी / ganna mein potassium ki kami / MOP khad", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing of leaf tips and margins in older leaves. Shortened internodes. Poor juice quality. Reduced sugar content. Weak stalks prone to lodging. Potassium deficiency in sugarcane is common in sandy soils and high-yield varieties.", |
| "treatment": "MOP (Muriate of Potash 60% K2O) @ 100-120 kg/ha basal application at planting. Split: 50% at planting + 50% at 60 days. OR SOP (Sulphate of Potash) @ 100 kg/ha for chloride-sensitive ratoon. Foliar: KNO3 @ 2 g/L for quick correction.", |
| "chemical_1": "MOP (Muriate of Potash 60% K2O)", |
| "dose_1": "100-120 kg per hectare basal. Split application preferred for heavy soils.", |
| "chemical_2": "KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate 13:00:46)", |
| "dose_2": "2 g per litre foliar spray for quick correction of potassium deficiency", |
| "timing": "Basal MOP at planting. Second dose at 60 days after planting (DAP). Foliar at symptom appearance.", |
| "ipm": "Soil test for potassium before sowing. Sugarcane removes 250+ kg K/ha per crop — replace with MOP. FYM 20 t/ha reduces MOP requirement.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT skip potassium for sugarcane — it directly reduces sugar content. Potassium deficiency is NOT a disease — do NOT spray fungicide.", |
| "notes": "Ganna mein potassium ki kami ke liye MOP 100-120 kg/ha use karo. Sugarcane potassium MOP khad ki kami.", |
| "source": "ICAR-SBI Coimbatore Sugarcane Nutrition Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-D03", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Cotton Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis) — Water-soaked Spots", |
| "condition_hindi": "कपास बैक्टीरियल ब्लाइट / पत्तियों पर पानी से भरे धब्बे / Angular leaf spot", |
| "symptoms": "Water-soaked angular lesions on leaves. Lesions turn brown with yellow halo. Boll rot with dark sunken spots. Bacterial ooze on surface. Spreads rapidly in humid conditions. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum.", |
| "treatment": "Streptocycline 20% + Copper Oxychloride 50% combination is most effective. Spray 3-4 times at 10-15 day intervals. Remove and burn infected leaves and bolls.", |
| "chemical_1": "Streptocycline 20% SP (Streptomycin sulphate)", |
| "dose_1": "0.2 g per litre (200 ppm) + Copper Oxychloride 50% WP 3 g per litre, 200 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Copper Hydroxide 53.8% WG (Kocide)", |
| "dose_2": "2 g per litre water, 150-200 litres per acre, 3 sprays at 12-15 day intervals", |
| "timing": "Start at first symptom appearance. Spray 3-4 times at 10-15 day intervals. Best in early morning.", |
| "ipm": "Use resistant varieties (Coker, DH-7). Avoid overhead irrigation. Destroy infected plant debris. Seed treatment with Streptocycline 0.1g/L soak 30 min.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT irrigate overhead during disease outbreak. Bacterial blight spreads through water splash. Fungicides ALONE are ineffective — must combine with copper.", |
| "notes": "Kapas mein bacterial blight ke liye Streptocycline + Copper Oxychloride spray karo. Angular water-soaked spots = bacterial disease.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur Cotton Bacterial Disease Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-T01", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Thrips (Thrips tabaci / Frankliniella schultzei) in Cotton — Leaf Curling", |
| "condition_hindi": "थ्रिप्स / कपास पत्ती मुड़न / Thrips attack leaf curling edges", |
| "symptoms": "Leaf margins curl upward (boat-shaped). Silver sheen on leaf surface. Tiny insects visible on lower leaf surface. Seedling leaves silvery and deformed. Distinct from CLCV (virus) — thrips are the direct pest not just virus vector.", |
| "treatment": "Fipronil 5% SC for soil/stem-base application. Spinosad 45% SC for foliar. IPM: Blue sticky traps 5 per acre. Neem oil 3% first.", |
| "chemical_1": "Fipronil 5% SC", |
| "dose_1": "1.5 ml per litre, drench soil at plant base OR 2 ml per litre foliar spray, 150 litres per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 45% SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.5 ml per litre, 150-200 litres per acre. 2-3 sprays at 10-day intervals.", |
| "timing": "Spray at seedling stage (15-25 DAS) when thrips population > 10 per leaf. Early morning spray most effective.", |
| "ipm": "Blue sticky traps 5 per acre from seedling stage. Neem oil 5 ml/L first spray. Spinosad as rotation chemical to prevent resistance.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use Imidacloprid or Thiamethoxam alone for thrips — less effective than Fipronil/Spinosad. Do NOT apply during flowering — toxic to bees.", |
| "notes": "Kapas mein thrips ke liye Fipronil 5%SC 1.5ml/L ya Spinosad 0.5ml/L use karo. Patte ke kinare mudte hain = thrips attack.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur Cotton IPM Pest Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-M01", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Spider Mite / Red Mite (Tetranychus urticae) in Cotton — Bronzing", |
| "condition_hindi": "माइट / रेड माइट / कपास पत्ती कांस्य रंग / bronzing", |
| "symptoms": "Bronze or reddish discolouration on leaves (bronzing). Tiny spider mites visible on lower leaf surface. Fine webbing on leaf undersides. Leaf yellowing and drop in severe attack. Most common in dry hot weather.", |
| "treatment": "Abamectin 1.9% EC is most effective miticide. Spiromesifen 22.9% SC as second option. Rotate chemicals to prevent resistance. Neem oil 5ml/L as IPM alternative.", |
| "chemical_1": "Abamectin 1.9% EC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre water, 150-200 litres per acre. Repeat after 10-12 days if needed.", |
| "chemical_2": "Spiromesifen 22.9% SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.5 ml per litre, 150 litres per acre. Effective against all mite life stages.", |
| "timing": "Spray when 5-6 mites per leaf are observed. Early morning or evening spray. Avoid hot afternoon (less effective, more evaporation).", |
| "ipm": "Encourage predatory mites (Phytoseiidae). Avoid excess nitrogen fertilizer. Overhead irrigation reduces mite population. Neem oil 5ml/L as preventive.", |
| "do_not": "Dicofol is BANNED — do not use. Do NOT use Organophosphates (ineffective on mites). Abamectin is the ONLY effective chemical for resistant mite populations.", |
| "notes": "Kapas mein mite ke liye Abamectin 1.9%EC 1ml/L spray karo. Bronzing = mite attack, Dicofol band hai, Abamectin use karo.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur Cotton Mite Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-moong-D02", |
| "crop": "moong", "crop_hindi": "मूंग", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Powdery Mildew of Moong (Erysiphe polygoni) — White Powder on Leaves", |
| "condition_hindi": "मूंग में पाउडरी मिल्ड्यू / पत्तियों पर सफेद पाउडर / safed choorni", |
| "symptoms": "White powdery growth on upper leaf surface. Young leaves worst affected. Leaves yellow and drop prematurely. Pod setting reduced. Common in humid weather with moderate temperatures.", |
| "treatment": "Sulphur 80% WP (wettable sulphur) most effective for powdery mildew. Carbendazim 50% WP as alternative. 2-3 sprays at 10-12 day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Sulphur 80% WP (Wettable Sulphur)", |
| "dose_1": "3 g per litre water, 200 litres per acre. 2-3 sprays at 10-12 day intervals. Most effective and cheap option.", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbendazim 50% WP", |
| "dose_2": "1 g per litre water, 150-200 litres per acre as alternative to sulphur.", |
| "timing": "Spray at first symptom. Best in morning. 2-3 sprays at 10-12 day intervals. Avoid spraying Sulphur at >35°C (leaf burn).", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties (IPM 02-3, Pusa Vishal). Avoid dense sowing. Sulphur is both fungicide and IPM-compatible. Plant spacing 30×10 cm for air circulation.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray Sulphur above 35°C — causes phytotoxicity. Powdery mildew = FUNGAL, not bacterial — copper spray NOT effective.", |
| "notes": "Moong mein powdery mildew ke liye Sulphur 80% WP 3g/L spray karo. Safed choorni = Sulphur spray.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Moong Disease Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cotton-N01", |
| "crop": "cotton", "crop_hindi": "कपास", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Magnesium Deficiency in Cotton — Interveinal Chlorosis Lower Leaves", |
| "condition_hindi": "कपास में मैग्नीशियम MgSO4 की कमी / पत्तियों में पीलापन", |
| "symptoms": "Interveinal chlorosis starting from older lower leaves. Veins remain green but leaf areas between veins turn yellow (classic magnesium deficiency pattern). Leaf purple tinge in severe cases. Reduced boll size.", |
| "treatment": "MgSO4 (Magnesium Sulphate Epsom Salt) foliar spray most effective. Apply 2-3 sprays at weekly intervals at first symptom.", |
| "chemical_1": "MgSO4 (Magnesium Sulphate Heptahydrate — Epsom Salt)", |
| "dose_1": "20 g per litre (2% solution) foliar spray, 200 litres per acre. 2-3 sprays at 7-10 day intervals.", |
| "chemical_2": "Kieserite (MgSO4 anhydrous) basal", |
| "dose_2": "25 kg per acre basal application for severe deficiency. Soil application takes 3-4 weeks to show effect.", |
| "timing": "Foliar spray at first symptom of interveinal yellowing. 2-3 sprays weekly. Basal at sowing for prevention.", |
| "ipm": "Soil test for Mg before sowing. Sandy soils are most deficient. FYM application 5t/acre improves Mg availability.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT confuse with Zinc deficiency (ZnSO4). Magnesium deficiency = older lower leaves yellowing between green veins. Zinc deficiency = younger leaves.", |
| "notes": "Kapas mein magnesium ki kami: MgSO4 (Magnesium Sulphate Epsom Salt) 20g/L (2%) foliar spray. 2-3 bar spray karo.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Nagpur Cotton Nutrition Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-soybean-N02", |
| "crop": "soybean", "crop_hindi": "सोयाबीन", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Iron Deficiency / Chlorosis in Soybean (Ferrous Sulphate FeSO4)", |
| "condition_hindi": "सोयाबीन में लोहे की कमी / आयरन क्लोरोसिस / FeSO4 ferrous iron kami patte peele", |
| "symptoms": "Interveinal chlorosis on young leaves first. Leaf veins remain green, areas between veins turn yellow. In severe cases leaves turn pale yellow to white. Common in alkaline calcareous soils (pH > 7.5). Young leaves affected first (unlike magnesium).", |
| "treatment": "FeSO4 (Ferrous Sulphate) foliar spray. Also called iron sulphate. 0.5% FeSO4 solution = 5 g per litre. ICAR recommended dose: 2-5 g/L with acidified water (add citric acid 1g/L).", |
| "chemical_1": "FeSO4 (Ferrous Sulphate / Iron Sulphate) 19% Fe", |
| "dose_1": "2-5 g per litre water foliar spray, 200 litres per acre. Add citric acid or urea 5g/L to improve absorption. 2-3 sprays at 10-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_2": "Chelated Iron (Fe-EDTA) foliar", |
| "dose_2": "0.5-1 g per litre — more effective in highly alkaline soils. Expensive but better for pH > 8.0.", |
| "timing": "Spray at first symptom of yellowing on new growth. 2-3 sprays at 10-day intervals. Morning spray better absorption.", |
| "ipm": "Soil test for iron. Use sulphur (25 kg/acre) to acidify alkaline soils and improve iron availability. FYM 4t/acre chelates iron naturally.", |
| "do_not": "Iron deficiency is NOT a disease — do NOT spray fungicide. FeSO4 foliar (ferrous sulphate) is the standard treatment. Avoid spraying in hot afternoon (>35°C).", |
| "notes": "Soybean mein iron ki kami: FeSO4 (Ferrous Sulphate) 2-5g/L foliar spray. Patte peele = iron deficiency, fungicide se kuch nahi hoga.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Indore Soybean Nutrition Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-okra-D01", |
| "crop": "okra", "crop_hindi": "भिंडी", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) — Whitefly Transmitted Viral Disease", |
| "condition_hindi": "भिंडी येलो वेन मोजेक वायरस / पीली नसें / YVMV viral disease whitefly", |
| "symptoms": "Yellow vein netting pattern on leaves (yellow veins with green areas). Fruit becomes yellow, small and deformed. No chemical cure for the virus. Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is the viral vector. Most severe in July-September.", |
| "treatment": "YVMV is a viral disease — NO direct chemical cure. Control the whitefly vector with Imidacloprid or Thiamethoxam. Remove and destroy infected plants immediately. Plant resistant varieties (Parbhani Kranti, Arka Anamika).", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8% SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.3 ml per litre, 150-200 litres per acre, spray on underside of leaves to kill whitefly vector", |
| "chemical_2": "Thiamethoxam 25% WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.2 g per litre, 150 litres per acre — whitefly vector control for viral disease prevention", |
| "timing": "Spray at first sign of whitefly infestation (before virus spreads). Repeat every 15 days. Early morning spray best.", |
| "ipm": "Silver-coated polythene mulch repels whiteflies. Yellow sticky traps 5 per acre. Remove infected plants immediately. Intercrop with maize (creates barrier). Resistant variety Parbhani Kranti most effective solution.", |
| "do_not": "YVMV is VIRAL — fungicides and bactericides are USELESS. Do NOT delay removing infected plants. Do NOT grow okra near cotton (same vector whitefly).", |
| "notes": "Bhindi mein yellow vein = YVMV viral disease. Imidacloprid 0.3ml/L spray karke whitefly vector control karo. Viral disease ka koi direct ilaj nahi.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Vegetable Virus Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-soybean-P02", |
| "crop": "soybean", "crop_hindi": "सोयाबीन", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Thrips (Caliothrips indicus) in Soybean — Leaf Silvering", |
| "condition_hindi": "सोयाबीन थ्रिप्स / पत्तियों पर चांदी जैसा रंग / silver sheen", |
| "symptoms": "Silver sheen or bronzing on leaf surface. Leaf curl or distortion. Tiny insects visible on growing tips and flowers. Flower drop in severe infestation. More common near cotton fields (same thrips species).", |
| "treatment": "Spinosad 45% SC most effective for thrips. Fipronil 5% SC as alternative. Both effective against resistant populations. IPM: Blue sticky traps first.", |
| "chemical_1": "Spinosad 45% SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.5 ml per litre water, 150-200 litres per acre. 2 sprays at 10-12 day intervals.", |
| "chemical_2": "Fipronil 5% SC", |
| "dose_2": "1.5 ml per litre, 150 litres per acre. Effective when Spinosad resistance is suspected.", |
| "timing": "Spray at 20-25 DAS when thrips > 10 per leaf. Early morning (5-8 AM) when thrips are active.", |
| "ipm": "Blue sticky traps 5 per acre from seedling stage. Neem oil 5 ml/L (3 sprays preventive). Avoid sowing near cotton fields.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply Imidacloprid for thrips — less effective. Spinosad is IPM-compatible and preferred.", |
| "notes": "Soybean mein thrips ke liye Spinosad 0.5ml/L ya Fipronil 1.5ml/L spray karo. Cotton ke paas soybean = thrips risk high.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Indore Soybean Pest Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-agronomy-OS01", |
| "crop": "soybean", "crop_hindi": "सोयाबीन", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Organic Farming — Soybean Manure and Fertilizer (FYM, Rhizobium, Jeevamrit)", |
| "condition_hindi": "सोयाबीन जैविक खेती / FYM खाद / Rhizobium टीका / Jeevamrit", |
| "symptoms": "N/A — Organic farming query for soybean nutrition without chemical fertilizers.", |
| "treatment": "Complete organic nutrition package for soybean: FYM + Rhizobium inoculant + Jeevamrit. This combination replaces chemical NPK for soybean.", |
| "chemical_1": "FYM (Farm Yard Manure / Compost)", |
| "dose_1": "4-5 tonnes per acre incorporated before sowing. Provides NPK + micronutrients organically.", |
| "chemical_2": "Rhizobium japonicum + Jeevamrit", |
| "dose_2": "Rhizobium: 5g per kg seed inoculant (fixes 60-80 kg N/acre free). Jeevamrit: 10 litres per acre (200L water) soil drench twice in season.", |
| "timing": "FYM 4 weeks before sowing. Rhizobium seed inoculation just before sowing (shade dry). Jeevamrit at 20 DAS and 45 DAS.", |
| "ipm": "Organic mulch (wheat/rice straw) 2-3 inches suppresses weeds. Vermicompost 1t/acre improves soil biology. Neem cake 40kg/acre as organic pest deterrent.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply chemical fertilizers with Rhizobium inoculant — kills bacteria. Do NOT expose Rhizobium inoculant to direct sunlight.", |
| "notes": "Soybean organic farming ke liye: FYM 4-5 t/acre + Rhizobium seed inoculant 5g/kg + Jeevamrit 10L/acre. Yeh teeno milake chemical fertilizer ki zaroorat kam karte hain.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Indore / NRCO Organic Farming Soybean Guide 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-D05", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहूं", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Wheat Root Rot and Crown Rot (Fusarium/Helminthosporium) — Jad Galna", |
| "condition_hindi": "गेहूं जड़ गलना / Crown rot / जड़ सड़न / drainage waterlogging Fusarium", |
| "symptoms": "Roots turn brown/dark and rot. Crown (base of plant) discoloured. Plants turn yellow and wilt. Can pull plants up easily (roots gone). Dead tillers (white ears). Caused by Fusarium culmorum, Bipolaris sorokiniana. Waterlogging aggravates root rot.", |
| "treatment": "Drain excess water immediately (drainage is critical). Carbendazim 50% WP root zone drench. Trichoderma viride biological control. Prevention via seed treatment.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50% WP", |
| "dose_1": "1 g per litre soil drench around plant root zone, 200 litres per acre. Apply 2-3 times at 10-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_2": "Trichoderma viride (biological)", |
| "dose_2": "4 g per kg seed treatment OR 2.5 kg per acre soil application with FYM for root rot prevention.", |
| "timing": "Drain field immediately at first sign. Apply Carbendazim root drench within 3-5 days of symptom. Prevention: Trichoderma seed treatment before sowing.", |
| "ipm": "Ensure proper drainage (drainage channels) to prevent waterlogging. Avoid excess irrigation. Crop rotation with non-host crops (maize, sorghum). Trichoderma seed treatment 4g/kg.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT ignore waterlogging — first action is DRAIN the field. Root rot cannot be cured once severe — early intervention critical. Foliar spray is USELESS for root rot.", |
| "notes": "Gehu mein jad gal rahi hai = root rot. Pehle drainage karo (paani nikalo), phir Carbendazim 1g/L soil drench karo. Root rot = soil-borne problem.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Karnal Wheat Root Disease Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-D06", |
| "crop": "wheat", "crop_hindi": "गेहूं", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Powdery Mildew of Wheat (Blumeria graminis) — White Powder on Leaves", |
| "condition_hindi": "गेहूं में पाउडरी मिल्ड्यू / पत्तियों पर सफेद पाउडर / safed choorni gehu", |
| "symptoms": "White powdery fungal growth on leaf surface. Starts on lower leaves. Leaf yellowing and premature death. Grains remain light (poorly filled) in severe attack. Most common in cool humid conditions.", |
| "treatment": "Propiconazole 25% EC or Hexaconazole 5% EC are most effective. Sulphur 80% WP as preventive or early infection. 2-3 sprays at 10-14 day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Propiconazole 25% EC", |
| "dose_1": "1 ml per litre water, 200 litres per acre. 2 sprays at 10-14 day intervals.", |
| "chemical_2": "Hexaconazole 5% EC", |
| "dose_2": "2 ml per litre water, 200 litres per acre. OR Sulphur 80%WP 3g/L as cheaper alternative.", |
| "timing": "Spray at first symptom appearance. 2-3 sprays at 10-14 day intervals. Best in morning.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties (K 0307, HD 2781). Avoid dense sowing and excess nitrogen. Sulphur 80%WP 3g/L is cost-effective preventive spray.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use only Sulphur for moderate-heavy infection — use Propiconazole or Hexaconazole. Powdery mildew spreads rapidly in cool weather.", |
| "notes": "Gehu mein powdery mildew ke liye Propiconazole 1ml/L ya Hexaconazole 2ml/L. Sulphur 3g/L bhi effective hai.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Karnal Wheat Disease Advisory 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-N02", |
| "crop": "rice", |
| "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Zinc Deficiency / Khaira Disease", |
| "condition_hindi": "जिंक की कमी / खैरा रोग — पत्ते के बीच पीले धब्बे", |
| "symptoms": "Interveinal chlorosis on lower leaves. Yellow-brown patches between veins. Stunted growth. Alkaline/waterlogged soils. NOT a fungal disease.", |
| "treatment": "ZnSO4 5g/L + Urea 10g/L foliar spray. 2-3 sprays weekly. OR ZnSO4 25kg/ha soil before transplanting.", |
| "chemical_1": "Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4) 33%", |
| "dose_1": "5g per litre foliar; 25 kg per hectare soil", |
| "chemical_2": "Urea", |
| "dose_2": "10g per litre added to ZnSO4 spray", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first symptom 14-21 DAT. Weekly repeat 2-3 times.", |
| "ipm": "Zinc is most deficient micronutrient in Indian rice soils. Soil test before sowing.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply fungicide — NOT a disease. Do NOT apply only nitrogen.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Cuttack Zinc Khaira Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-P04", |
| "crop": "rice", |
| "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Gall Midge (Orseolia oryzae)", |
| "condition_hindi": "गाल मिज / सिल्वर शूट", |
| "symptoms": "Central shoot turns silver-white tubular silver shoot. No panicle from affected tiller. Maggot inside tiller base. Young crop 20-40 DAT most vulnerable.", |
| "treatment": "Carbofuran 3G 25kg/ha at transplanting. OR Chlorpyrifos 20%EC 2.5ml/L at first silver shoot.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbofuran 3%G", |
| "dose_1": "25 kg per hectare soil at transplanting", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC", |
| "dose_2": "2.5ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive Carbofuran at transplanting. Curative spray at first silver shoot.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: Phalguna, Vikramarya. Light trap monitoring. Remove silver shoots.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT delay once silver shoot formed — tiller is already lost.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Cuttack Gall Midge Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-rice-A02", |
| "crop": "rice", |
| "crop_hindi": "धान", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) — Weed Management", |
| "condition_hindi": "सीधी बुवाई धान — DSR, बिना रोपाई", |
| "symptoms": "NA — agronomy query about direct seeding", |
| "treatment": "Seed rate 8-10 kg/acre at 20cm rows. Pre-emergence Pendimethalin 30%EC 1.3L/acre within 2 days of sowing. Post-emergence Bispyribac-sodium 0.2ml/L at 20-25 DAS.", |
| "chemical_1": "Pendimethalin 30%EC", |
| "dose_1": "1.3 litres per acre pre-emergence within 2 DAS", |
| "chemical_2": "Bispyribac-sodium 10%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.2ml per litre post-emergence at 20-25 DAS", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Pendimethalin within 48h of sowing. Bispyribac at 20-25 DAS before weeds reach 4-leaf stage.", |
| "ipm": "DSR saves 30-35% irrigation water vs transplanting. Apply ZnSO4 25kg/ha basal — zinc deficiency common in DSR.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT delay Pendimethalin beyond 2 DAS. Do NOT use in waterlogged soil.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI/IRRI Direct Seeded Rice Protocol 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-P03", |
| "crop": "wheat", |
| "crop_hindi": "गेहूं", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Aphids on Wheat (Sitobion avenae / Rhopalosiphum padi)", |
| "condition_hindi": "गेहूं माहू / चेपा — हरा और काला माहू", |
| "symptoms": "Clusters of green or black insects on leaves and ears. Sticky honeydew, sooty mould. Yellowing and stunting. ETL: 10 aphids per tiller or 50 per ear.", |
| "treatment": "Dimethoate 30%EC 1ml/L OR Imidacloprid 17.8%SL 0.3ml/L. Single spray at ETL usually sufficient.", |
| "chemical_1": "Dimethoate 30%EC", |
| "dose_1": "1ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At ETL — 10 aphids per tiller or 50 per ear. Late season wait for natural predators first.", |
| "ipm": "Aphids have natural enemies: ladybirds, lacewings, parasitic wasps. Monitor before spraying.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray at dough stage near harvest. Do NOT use pyrethroids first — kills natural enemies.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Karnal Aphid Management Wheat 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-wheat-D07", |
| "crop": "wheat", |
| "crop_hindi": "गेहूं", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Karnal Bunt (Tilletia indica)", |
| "condition_hindi": "करनाल बंट — आंशिक कांगियारी, मछली जैसी बदबू", |
| "symptoms": "Partial conversion of 1-3 grains per ear to black smut powder. Fishy smell. Occurs at heading during cool humid weather. Export-regulated disease.", |
| "treatment": "Preventive spray at boot stage: Propiconazole 25%EC 1ml/L. Seed treatment: Tebuconazole 2%DS 1.5g/kg.", |
| "chemical_1": "Propiconazole 25%EC", |
| "dose_1": "1ml per litre, 150L per acre at heading", |
| "chemical_2": "Tebuconazole 2%DS", |
| "dose_2": "1.5g per kg seed treatment", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Boot leaf stage to ear emergence. Spray within 5 days of flag leaf stage.", |
| "ipm": "Use certified disease-free seed. Resistant varieties: HD 2781, HD 3086.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use infected grain as seed next year.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Karnal Bunt Protocol 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-maize-P02", |
| "crop": "maize", |
| "crop_hindi": "मक्का", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Fall Armyworm FAW (Spodoptera frugiperda)", |
| "condition_hindi": "फॉल आर्मीवर्म — पत्ते और भुट्टा खाने वाला कीड़ा", |
| "symptoms": "Ragged feeding on leaves. Sawdust-like frass in whorl. Caterpillars hide in whorl. Windowpane damage. Young crop 0-30 days most vulnerable. Exotic invasive pest in India since 2018.", |
| "treatment": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG 0.4g/L into whorl. OR Spinetoram 11.7%SC 0.5ml/L.", |
| "chemical_1": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4g per litre, 150L per acre into whorl", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinetoram 11.7%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.5ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre directed into whorl", |
| "timing": "At first frass or damage. Early morning or evening spray. Repeat at 7-10 days if needed.", |
| "ipm": "Yellow sticky trap monitoring. Egg mass destruction. NPV spray 250LE per ha. Trichogramma release.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use Chlorpyrifos alone — FAW has resistance. Do NOT delay beyond 7 days.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIMR Hyderabad FAW Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-maize-P03", |
| "crop": "maize", |
| "crop_hindi": "मक्का", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Stem Borer (Chilo partellus)", |
| "condition_hindi": "मक्का तना बेधक / डेडहार्ट", |
| "symptoms": "Dead heart — central shoot dries up. Shot holes (transverse row of holes on whorl leaves). Frass in whorl, stem tunneling. Cob damage at late stage.", |
| "treatment": "Fipronil 0.3%G 10kg/ha in whorl at 15-25 DAS. OR Chlorpyrifos 20%EC 2.5ml/L foliar.", |
| "chemical_1": "Fipronil 0.3%G", |
| "dose_1": "10 kg per hectare in whorl at 15-25 DAS", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC", |
| "dose_2": "2.5ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "1st at 15-20 DAS. 2nd at 35-40 DAS if needed.", |
| "ipm": "Trichogramma chilonis release 1 lakh per ha at egg stage. Light traps. Bt spray 1.5L per ha.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply granules after whorl has closed.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIMR Hyderabad Stem Borer Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-maize-D02", |
| "crop": "maize", |
| "crop_hindi": "मक्का", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Turcicum Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum)", |
| "condition_hindi": "मक्का पत्ता झुलसा — लंबे भूरे धब्बे", |
| "symptoms": "Long elliptical 5-15cm grey-tan lesions on leaves starting from lower leaves. Cigar-shaped lesions with wavy margins. Entire leaf blights in severe attack in humid rainy season.", |
| "treatment": "Mancozeb 75%WP 2.5g/L OR Propiconazole 25%EC 1ml/L. 2 sprays 12 days apart.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Propiconazole 25%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first lesion. Spray before disease reaches upper 3 leaves.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: DHM 117, HQPM-1. Crop rotation. Remove crop debris after harvest.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT delay once upper leaves infected — yield loss severe.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIMR Hyderabad Leaf Blight Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-maize-A01", |
| "crop": "maize", |
| "crop_hindi": "मक्का", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Maize Agronomy — Seed Rate, Spacing, Fertilizer", |
| "condition_hindi": "मक्का बुवाई — बीज दर, दूरी, खाद", |
| "symptoms": "NA — agronomy query", |
| "treatment": "Seed rate 8-10 kg/acre. Spacing 60x20cm. NPK 120:60:40 kg/ha. Split N: one-third basal plus one-third knee-high plus one-third tasseling. Hybrid seed preferred.", |
| "chemical_1": "Urea", |
| "dose_1": "120kg N per hectare split 3 doses", |
| "chemical_2": "DAP", |
| "dose_2": "60kg P2O5 per hectare basal", |
| "spray_volume": "NA", |
| "timing": "Kharif: June-July. Rabi: Feb-March. Harvest at 90-110 days for hybrid.", |
| "ipm": "Seed treatment Thiram+Carbendazim 2g/kg. Soil test before fertilizer.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use saved hybrid seed — yield drops 30-40%. Do NOT apply all N basal — leaching loss.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIMR Hyderabad Maize Agronomy 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-arhar-P01", |
| "crop": "arhar", |
| "crop_hindi": "अरहर", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera) on Pigeonpea", |
| "condition_hindi": "अरहर फली बेधक / हेलीकोवर्पा", |
| "symptoms": "Caterpillar bores into pods and feeds on seeds. Round entry hole with frass. Up to 70% pod damage possible. Critical at flowering and pod filling stage.", |
| "treatment": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG 0.4g/L OR Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC 0.3ml/L. 2-3 sprays at 12-day interval.", |
| "chemical_1": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "1st spray at 10% flowering. 2nd at pod formation. 3rd at pod filling if needed. Evening preferred.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps 5 per acre. ETL 2 larvae per plant or 10% pod damage. HaNPV 250LE per ha.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray at dusk when bees are active — arhar is bee-pollinated. Avoid pyrethroids alone.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Pod Borer Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-arhar-D02", |
| "crop": "arhar", |
| "crop_hindi": "अरहर", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium udum)", |
| "condition_hindi": "अरहर उकठा रोग — पौधा मुरझाना", |
| "symptoms": "Sudden wilting at any growth stage. Vascular browning in cut stem. Young plants die at seedling stage. Older plants wilt at flowering or pod stage. Soil-borne — foliar spray does NOT work.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment: Trichoderma viride 4g/kg + Carbendazim 2g/kg BEFORE sowing. Soil drench Carbendazim 1g/L at root zone at early symptom.", |
| "chemical_1": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_1": "4g per kg seed", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per kg seed OR 1g per litre soil drench", |
| "spray_volume": "200ml drench per plant", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Drench at first wilt symptom.", |
| "ipm": "Wilt-resistant varieties: ICPL 87119 Asha, Maruti. 3-year crop rotation. Soil solarization in endemic fields.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT replant arhar in wilt field for 3 years. Waterlogging worsens wilt.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Wilt Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-arhar-N01", |
| "crop": "arhar", |
| "crop_hindi": "अरहर", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Arhar Nutrient Management — Rhizobium and Phosphorus", |
| "condition_hindi": "अरहर खाद — राइजोबियम और फॉस्फोरस", |
| "symptoms": "NA — nutrient management query for arhar", |
| "treatment": "Starter N only 20kg/ha basal. Phosphorus 60kg P2O5/ha as DAP. Rhizobium seed treatment 5g/kg + PSB 5g/kg. Sulphur 20kg/ha if deficient. No top-dress N.", |
| "chemical_1": "Rhizobium (arhar-specific strain)", |
| "dose_1": "5g per kg seed — mandatory", |
| "chemical_2": "DAP", |
| "dose_2": "130 kg per hectare basal", |
| "spray_volume": "NA", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. All P basal.", |
| "ipm": "Arhar fixes 60-80kg N/ha through Rhizobium. Boron 0.3g/L at flowering improves pod setting.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply N as top dressing — reduces nodule activity. Do NOT mix Rhizobium with chemical fungicide in same slurry.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Arhar Nutrient Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-gram-D02", |
| "crop": "gram", |
| "crop_hindi": "चना", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri)", |
| "condition_hindi": "चना उकठा रोग", |
| "symptoms": "Sudden wilting at any stage. Vascular discoloration in stem. Seedling death or late-season wilt at pod filling. Soil-borne — foliar spray does NOT work.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment: Trichoderma viride 4g/kg + Carbendazim 2g/kg. Resistant varieties: JG 74, Vijay. Soil drench Carbendazim 1g/L if early.", |
| "chemical_1": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_1": "4g per kg seed", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per kg seed OR 1g per litre drench", |
| "spray_volume": "200ml drench per plant", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment mandatory in endemic areas.", |
| "ipm": "Wilt-resistant: JG 74, JG 16, Vijay. 3-year crop rotation. Soil solarization June-July.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT grow gram in same field 3 consecutive years with wilt history. Avoid waterlogging.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Gram Wilt Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-gram-D03", |
| "crop": "gram", |
| "crop_hindi": "चना", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Ascochyta Blight (Ascochyta rabiei)", |
| "condition_hindi": "चना झुलसा — पत्ते, तना, फली पर भूरे धब्बे", |
| "symptoms": "Circular brown lesions with concentric rings on leaves, stems and pods. Stem girdling — plant snaps at lesion. Seeds shrivelled. Spreads in cool humid December-January weather.", |
| "treatment": "Mancozeb 75%WP 2.5g/L OR Chlorothalonil 75%WP 2g/L. 2-3 sprays every 10 days. Seed treatment: Thiram 2g/kg + Carbendazim 1g/kg.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorothalonil 75%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Foliar at first symptom. Repeat every 10 days.", |
| "ipm": "Certified blight-free seed. Wider row spacing. Resistant varieties: JG 11, JAKI 9218.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use infected seed. Do NOT irrigate overhead during outbreak.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Ascochyta Blight Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-onion-P01", |
| "crop": "onion", |
| "crop_hindi": "प्याज", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Thrips (Thrips tabaci) on Onion", |
| "condition_hindi": "प्याज थ्रिप्स — पत्ते पर सफेद-चांदी धारियां", |
| "symptoms": "Silver-white streaks on leaves. Leaf tips turn yellow and curl. Severe attack — leaves dry up from tip. Tiny 1mm yellow-brown insects on leaf surface. Hot dry weather favors outbreak.", |
| "treatment": "Spinosad 45%SC 0.3ml/L OR Fipronil 5%SC 2ml/L OR Imidacloprid 0.3ml/L. 2-3 sprays at 10-day interval. Add sticker for better coverage on waxy leaves.", |
| "chemical_1": "Spinosad 45%SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Fipronil 5%SC", |
| "dose_2": "2ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre with sticker", |
| "timing": "At first silver streaks. ETL: 5 thrips per leaf. Evening spray for better efficacy.", |
| "ipm": "Blue sticky traps 10 per acre for monitoring. Reflective mulch repels thrips. Avoid water stress — stressed plants more susceptible. Spray water jet to dislodge thrips.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use same insecticide more than 2 consecutive sprays — thrips develop resistance rapidly.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF Nashik Onion Thrips Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-onion-D02", |
| "crop": "onion", |
| "crop_hindi": "प्याज", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Purple Blotch (Alternaria porri) and Stemphylium Blight", |
| "condition_hindi": "प्याज बैंगनी धब्बा — पत्ते पर बैंगनी-भूरे धब्बे", |
| "symptoms": "Small white lesions with purple margin on leaves. Lesions expand — leaf breaks and falls. Yellow-brown lesions of Stemphylium may co-occur. Humid conditions at 25-30°C favor both.", |
| "treatment": "Mancozeb 75%WP 2.5g/L OR Propiconazole 25%EC 1ml/L. 2-3 sprays at 10-day interval. Add sticker.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Propiconazole 25%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre with sticker", |
| "timing": "At first lesion or proactively in wet weather. Repeat every 10 days.", |
| "ipm": "Avoid overhead irrigation. Wide spacing. Crop rotation. Remove infected leaves.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT irrigate in evening — wet leaves overnight favor disease. Do NOT use same fungicide class repeatedly.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF Nashik Purple Blotch Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-onion-N01", |
| "crop": "onion", |
| "crop_hindi": "प्याज", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Onion Nutrient Management and Bulb Quality", |
| "condition_hindi": "प्याज खाद — खाद प्रबंधन", |
| "symptoms": "NA — nutrient and agronomy query for onion", |
| "treatment": "Basal: 100:50:50 NPK kg/ha. Split N: half basal + quarter at 30 DAT + quarter at 45 DAT. Sulphur 25kg/ha for pungency and storage. Zinc 25kg ZnSO4/ha if soil deficient. Boron 0.3g/L at bulb initiation.", |
| "chemical_1": "Urea", |
| "dose_1": "100kg N per hectare split 3 doses", |
| "chemical_2": "Sulphur 90%", |
| "dose_2": "25 kg per hectare basal for quality", |
| "spray_volume": "NA", |
| "timing": "Stop N 4 weeks before harvest — excess N reduces storage life. Potassium at bulb initiation improves TSS and shelf life.", |
| "ipm": "Sulphur is essential for onion — improves pungency, storage and price. Deficient soils: foliar Sulphur 2g/L. Do not exceed N — causes soft bulbs.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply N after 45 DAT — leads to thick necks and poor storage. Do NOT over-irrigate near harvest.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF Nashik Onion Nutrient Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-potato-P01", |
| "crop": "potato", |
| "crop_hindi": "आलू", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Aphids on Potato (Myzus persicae) — Virus Vector", |
| "condition_hindi": "आलू माहू — वायरस फैलाने वाला कीड़ा", |
| "symptoms": "Green peach aphid on leaf undersides. Curling, yellowing leaves. Sticky honeydew. Critical: aphids vector Potato Virus Y (PVY) and Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) — even 1-2 aphids can transmit virus.", |
| "treatment": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL 0.3ml/L OR Thiamethoxam 25%WG 0.3g/L. Spray at first aphid colony. Mineral oil 2% spray reduces virus transmission.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.3g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first aphid colony. Preventive sprays in seed potato crop every 10 days.", |
| "ipm": "Seed potato field must be virus-free. Yellow sticky traps for monitoring. Reflective mulch repels aphids. Remove volunteer plants — virus reservoir.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT delay in seed potato crop — virus infection at early stage ruins entire seed lot. Do NOT grow seed potato near commercial potato.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CPRI Shimla Aphid Virus Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-potato-D02", |
| "crop": "potato", |
| "crop_hindi": "आलू", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Early Blight (Alternaria solani)", |
| "condition_hindi": "आलू अगेती झुलसा — पत्ते पर गोल भूरे धब्बे", |
| "symptoms": "Circular to angular dark brown lesions with concentric rings (target-board appearance) on older lower leaves. Yellow halo around lesion. Defoliation in severe cases. Common in warm humid weather.", |
| "treatment": "Mancozeb 75%WP 2.5g/L OR Chlorothalonil 75%WP 2g/L. 3-4 sprays at 10-day interval.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorothalonil 75%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive spray from 30-35 DAP. Repeat every 10 days through crop period.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: Kufri Bahar, Kufri Surya. Avoid overhead irrigation. Wide row spacing. Remove infected leaves. Do not confuse with Late Blight which spreads much faster.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT confuse with Late Blight — Late Blight lesions water-soaked, spreads within days. Consult extension officer if unsure.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CPRI Shimla Early Blight Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-potato-A01", |
| "crop": "potato", |
| "crop_hindi": "आलू", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Potato Agronomy — Seed Rate, Spacing, Fertilizer", |
| "condition_hindi": "आलू बुवाई — बीज दर, दूरी, खाद", |
| "symptoms": "NA — agronomy query", |
| "treatment": "Seed tuber: 12-15 quintal per acre (30-40g size). Spacing 60x20cm. NPK 150:80:100 kg/ha. Split N: half basal + half at earthing up (30-35 DAP). Earthing up mandatory at 30-35 DAP.", |
| "chemical_1": "Urea", |
| "dose_1": "150kg N per hectare split 2 doses", |
| "chemical_2": "Muriate of Potash (MOP)", |
| "dose_2": "100kg K2O per hectare basal — critical for tuber quality", |
| "spray_volume": "NA", |
| "timing": "Planting: Oct-Nov (plains). Harvest: Feb-March at skin set (no skin peels on rubbing).", |
| "ipm": "Seed treatment: Mancozeb 2.5g/L dip 30 min for Late Blight. Trichoderma 4g/kg for Rhizoctonia. Use certified seed potato — virus-free.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT plant infected seed tubers. Do NOT over-irrigate after planting — waterlogging causes blackleg.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CPRI Shimla Potato Agronomy 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-sugarcane-P01", |
| "crop": "sugarcane", |
| "crop_hindi": "गन्ना", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Early Shoot Borer (Chilo infuscatellus)", |
| "condition_hindi": "गन्ना प्रारंभिक तना बेधक — डेडहार्ट", |
| "symptoms": "Dead heart in young cane — central shoot dries with rotten smell. Borers visible inside shoot base. Most damage April-June. Reduces stool count and yield.", |
| "treatment": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC 2.5ml/L spray in leaf whorl. OR Carbofuran 3G 12.5kg/ha at planting in furrow. Seed treatment: Chlorpyrifos 20%EC 2.5ml/L sett dip.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2.5ml per litre, 200L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbofuran 3%G", |
| "dose_2": "12.5 kg per hectare in furrow at planting", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Sett dip before planting. Spray at 30 and 60 days after planting if infestation seen.", |
| "ipm": "Trichogramma chilonis release 50,000 per acre at egg stage. Light traps. Destroy dead hearts with borer inside. Trash mulching reduces borer movement.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT plant setts from borer-infested ratoon. Remove and destroy dead hearts.", |
| "source": "ICAR-SBI Coimbatore Shoot Borer Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-sugarcane-P02", |
| "crop": "sugarcane", |
| "crop_hindi": "गन्ना", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Pyrilla (Pyrilla perpusilla) — Sugarcane Leafhopper", |
| "condition_hindi": "गन्ना पायरिल्ला — पत्ती फुदका", |
| "symptoms": "Nymphs and adults suck sap from leaf underside. White cottony wax masses on leaves. Sooty mould on honeydew. Yellowing and drying of leaves from top. July-October peak infestation.", |
| "treatment": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC 2.5ml/L OR Malathion 50%EC 2ml/L. Spray leaf undersides. Biological: Epipyrops melanoleuca (parasitoid) releases.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2.5ml per litre, 200L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Malathion 50%EC", |
| "dose_2": "2ml per litre, 200L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre, spray undersides of leaves", |
| "timing": "At first white cottony masses. ETL: 10 nymphs per leaf.", |
| "ipm": "Epipyrops melanoleuca parasitoid — release 50 adults per acre. Light traps. Trash mulch reduces movement. Avoid broad-spectrum pesticides — kills Epipyrops.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray Pyrilla fields if Epipyrops parasitism visible (parasitized nymphs turn black) — natural control will work.", |
| "source": "ICAR-SBI Coimbatore Pyrilla Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-sugarcane-D02", |
| "crop": "sugarcane", |
| "crop_hindi": "गन्ना", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Smut (Ustilago scitaminea)", |
| "condition_hindi": "गन्ना कंडुआ / काला कोड़ा — काला चाबुक", |
| "symptoms": "Infected stool produces thin whip-like black structure (smut whip) from central shoot. Plant remains vegetative, does not produce sugar. Smut whip covered in black spores.", |
| "treatment": "NO foliar cure. Primary control: Hot water treatment of seed setts at 50°C for 2 hours OR Aerated steam treatment 54°C for 30 min. Carbendazim 0.1% (1g/L) sett dip as backup.", |
| "chemical_1": "Hot water treatment", |
| "dose_1": "50 degrees Celsius for 2 hours (primary control)", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "1g per litre sett dip 30 min (backup)", |
| "spray_volume": "Sett dip — fully submerge setts", |
| "timing": "Before planting. Remove and destroy smut whips immediately when seen.", |
| "ipm": "Smut-resistant varieties: CO 7717, CO 8021. Roguing: remove and burn smut whips before spore dispersal. Do not plant setts from smutted crop.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT allow smut whip to dry on field — spores spread via wind. Do NOT use setts from smut-affected field.", |
| "source": "ICAR-SBI Coimbatore Smut Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-groundnut-D02", |
| "crop": "groundnut", |
| "crop_hindi": "मूंगफली", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Tikka Disease / Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cercospora arachidicola and Phaeoisariopsis personata)", |
| "condition_hindi": "मूंगफली टिक्का — पत्ते पर भूरे-काले धब्बे", |
| "symptoms": "Early leaf spot: circular brown lesions with yellow halo, lighter center. Late leaf spot: darker, raised lesions, no halo. Both cause premature defoliation reducing pod yield 50-70%. Pod maturity indicator disrupted.", |
| "treatment": "Mancozeb 75%WP 2.5g/L OR Chlorothalonil 75%WP 2g/L. 3-4 sprays at 10-day interval starting at 30-35 DAS.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Propiconazole 25%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive spray at 30-35 DAS. Repeat every 10 days till pod filling. 3-4 sprays total.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant varieties: TAG 24, ICGV 86031. Crop rotation. Remove crop debris. Wide row spacing.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT delay sprays — early defoliation prevents pod filling and reduces oil content.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DGR Junagadh Tikka Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-groundnut-D03", |
| "crop": "groundnut", |
| "crop_hindi": "मूंगफली", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Stem Rot / Crown Rot (Sclerotium rolfsii)", |
| "condition_hindi": "मूंगफली तना सड़न — पौधा जड़ से मुरझाना", |
| "symptoms": "White fluffy mycelium at soil level on stem. Mustard-seed-like brown sclerotia on stem. Plant wilts and dies suddenly. Most common at collar region. Heavy rains + humid conditions favor outbreak.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment: Trichoderma viride 4g/kg + Carbendazim 2g/kg. Soil drench Carbendazim 1g/L at collar zone at first symptom. Bordeaux paste on collar.", |
| "chemical_1": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_1": "4g per kg seed", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per kg seed treatment OR 1g per litre soil drench", |
| "spray_volume": "200ml drench per plant at collar", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Drench at first wilting symptom.", |
| "ipm": "Crop rotation with cereals. Avoid waterlogging. Deep summer plowing exposes sclerotia to sunlight. Trichoderma soil application 2.5kg/acre with FYM.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT irrigate heavily after stem rot symptom appears. Do NOT flood irrigate — spreads Sclerotium in water.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DGR Junagadh Stem Rot Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-groundnut-P01", |
| "crop": "groundnut", |
| "crop_hindi": "मूंगफली", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Thrips and Jassids on Groundnut", |
| "condition_hindi": "मूंगफली थ्रिप्स और जैसिड — पत्ते सिकुड़ना", |
| "symptoms": "Thrips: silver streaks on leaves, leaf curl. Jassids: cupping and downward curling of leaflets, yellowing from leaf margins. Both pierce and suck sap. Virus transmission concern.", |
| "treatment": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL 0.3ml/L OR Spinosad 45%SC 0.3ml/L. Single spray at ETL usually sufficient.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 45%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first leaf curl symptoms. ETL 5 jassids per leaf.", |
| "ipm": "Yellow sticky traps for monitoring. Avoid broad-spectrum insecticides early — kills natural enemies. Groundnut virus vectors controlled by seed treatment Imidacloprid 5g/kg.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use same product consecutively — rapid resistance development in jassids.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DGR Junagadh Groundnut Pest Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-bajra-D02", |
| "crop": "bajra", |
| "crop_hindi": "बाजरा", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Downy Mildew / Green Ear Disease (Sclerospora graminicola)", |
| "condition_hindi": "बाजरा मृदुरोमिल — हरे कान / हरा सिट्टा", |
| "symptoms": "Downy white or purple growth on leaf undersides. Infected panicle converted to mass of green leaf-like structures (green ear). Stunted systemic infection from seedling stage. Seed-borne and soil-borne.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment: Metalaxyl 35%WS 6g/kg OR Ridomil Gold 0.2g/100g seed. Foliar Metalaxyl+Mancozeb 2.5g/L at first downy symptom.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl 35%WS", |
| "dose_1": "6g per kg seed treatment", |
| "chemical_2": "Metalaxyl+Mancozeb (Ridomil MZ)", |
| "dose_2": "2.5g per litre, 150L per acre foliar", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment mandatory before sowing. Rogue and destroy green-ear plants at first appearance.", |
| "ipm": "Downy mildew-resistant varieties: HHB 67 Improved, Pusa Composite 612. Rogue all infected plants — systemic disease, no cure. Avoid volunteer bajra — disease reservoir.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT allow green-ear plants to remain — they are primary spore source. Roguing is essential.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CAZRI Jodhpur Bajra Downy Mildew Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-bajra-D03", |
| "crop": "bajra", |
| "crop_hindi": "बाजरा", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Ergot (Claviceps fusiformis) and Smut (Moesziomyces penicillariae)", |
| "condition_hindi": "बाजरा अर्गट और कांगियारी", |
| "symptoms": "Ergot: honey-like drops (honeydew) from florets at flowering, turning black hard ergot bodies. Smut: grain replaced by black powdery spore mass. Both seed-borne. Ergot toxin toxic to humans and cattle.", |
| "treatment": "Spray 1% common salt (NaCl) solution at flowering to remove honeydew. Propiconazole 25%EC 1ml/L at boot stage. Seed treatment: Thiram 3g/kg + Carbendazim 1g/kg.", |
| "chemical_1": "Common salt (NaCl)", |
| "dose_1": "10g per litre — spray at flowering to remove ergot honeydew", |
| "chemical_2": "Propiconazole 25%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre at boot stage preventive spray", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Salt spray at 50% ear emergence. Propiconazole 5-7 days before ear emergence.", |
| "ipm": "Wind-resistant varieties. Certified ergot-free seed. Do not feed ergot-affected grain to cattle or humans — TOXIC. Seed treatment with Thiram removes ergot spores.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT feed ergot-contaminated grain — causes ergotism (convulsions) in humans and animals.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CAZRI Jodhpur Bajra Disease Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-moong-P01", |
| "crop": "moong", |
| "crop_hindi": "मूंग", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) — Yellow Mosaic Virus Vector on Moong", |
| "condition_hindi": "मूंग सफेद मक्खी — पीला मोजेक फैलाने वाला", |
| "symptoms": "Tiny white flies on leaf undersides. Leaves yellow in mosaic pattern (YMV). Plant stunting. Honeydew and sooty mould. Hot dry weather June-September peak infestation.", |
| "treatment": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG 0.3g/L OR Imidacloprid 0.3ml/L. Seed treatment Imidacloprid 5g/kg for early protection.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG", |
| "dose_1": "0.3g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first whitefly appearance. Seed treatment before sowing in YMV-endemic area. Repeat spray at 10 days.", |
| "ipm": "Yellow sticky traps for monitoring. Remove and destroy YMV-infected plants — no cure for virus. Reflective mulch repels whitefly. Resistant variety: Pusa Vishal, IPM-02-3.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray at dusk — beneficial insects active. Do NOT allow YMV-infected plants to remain — virus spreads to healthy plants.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Moong Whitefly YMV Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-moong-N01", |
| "crop": "moong", |
| "crop_hindi": "मूंग", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Moong Nutrient Management — Rhizobium and Micronutrients", |
| "condition_hindi": "मूंग खाद — राइजोबियम और पोषण", |
| "symptoms": "NA — nutrient management query for moong", |
| "treatment": "Starter N 15-20kg/ha basal only. P 40kg P2O5/ha as SSP (also provides sulphur). Rhizobium seed treatment 5g/kg + PSB 5g/kg. ZnSO4 25kg/ha in zinc-deficient soils. Molybdenum 0.5g/L foliar at flowering.", |
| "chemical_1": "Rhizobium (moong-specific strain)", |
| "dose_1": "5g per kg seed — mandatory for N fixation", |
| "chemical_2": "Single Superphosphate (SSP)", |
| "dose_2": "250 kg per hectare basal (40kg P2O5 + sulphur)", |
| "spray_volume": "NA", |
| "timing": "All inputs basal. No top-dress N.", |
| "ipm": "Moong fixes 40-60kg N/ha through Rhizobium. Boron 0.3g/L at flowering increases pod set. Spray ZnSO4 0.5% if yellowing between veins.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply N top dressing — reduces nodule efficiency. Do NOT mix Rhizobium with fungicide in same mix.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Moong Nutrient Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-brinjal-P01", |
| "crop": "brinjal", |
| "crop_hindi": "बैंगन", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Shoot and Fruit Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis)", |
| "condition_hindi": "बैंगन तना और फल बेधक — सबसे खतरनाक कीड़ा", |
| "symptoms": "Borer enters tender shoots — shoot tip wilts and droops (dead shoot). Entry into developing fruits — round hole, frass inside, fruit rots. Entire crop season damage. Most destructive brinjal pest.", |
| "treatment": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG 0.4g/L OR Spinosad 45%SC 0.3ml/L. Remove and destroy infested shoots and fruits before spraying. 2-3 sprays at 10-day interval.", |
| "chemical_1": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 45%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first dead shoot. Pick and destroy infested fruits before spray. Alternate insecticides to prevent resistance.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps (Leucinodes pheromone) 5 per acre for monitoring. Remove and destroy all infested shoots and fruits 2x weekly. Neem oil 5ml/L repels egg laying. ETL: 5% infested shoots.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray alone without removing infested fruits — borer inside fruit not reached by spray. Remove fruits first then spray.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Brinjal SFB Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-brinjal-D01", |
| "crop": "brinjal", |
| "crop_hindi": "बैंगन", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Little Leaf Disease (Phytoplasma)", |
| "condition_hindi": "बैंगन लिटिल लीफ — छोटे पत्ते, फूल नहीं आना", |
| "symptoms": "Leaves become very small, narrow, and numerous. No fruit formation. Plants remain dwarfed. Phytoplasma (not virus) — spread by leafhopper jassids. No chemical cure once infected.", |
| "treatment": "No cure for infected plants. Control leafhopper vector: Imidacloprid 0.3ml/L OR Thiamethoxam 0.3g/L. Remove and destroy all infected plants immediately.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.3ml per litre for leafhopper vector control", |
| "chemical_2": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.3g per litre for leafhopper vector control", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive vector control from nursery stage. Remove infected plants at first sign.", |
| "ipm": "Use healthy nursery seedlings. Yellow sticky traps for leafhopper monitoring. Reflective mulch repels leafhoppers. Grow away from infected brinjal fields.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT keep infected plants — phytoplasma spreads to healthy plants via leafhopper. Remove immediately.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Brinjal Little Leaf Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-brinjal-D02", |
| "crop": "brinjal", |
| "crop_hindi": "बैंगन", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Damping Off and Collar Rot (Pythium / Rhizoctonia)", |
| "condition_hindi": "बैंगन डैम्पिंग ऑफ — पौधे जड़ से मुरझाना नर्सरी में", |
| "symptoms": "Nursery seedlings suddenly collapse at soil level. Stem turns water-soaked and brown at collar. Young plants topple. Pre-emergence (before germination) and post-emergence (after germination) both possible.", |
| "treatment": "Nursery soil drench: Metalaxyl+Mancozeb 2.5g/L OR Copper oxychloride 3g/L. Seed treatment: Thiram 2g/kg + Trichoderma 4g/kg.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl+Mancozeb", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre soil drench in nursery", |
| "chemical_2": "Copper oxychloride 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "3g per litre soil drench", |
| "spray_volume": "2 litres per square meter nursery bed", |
| "timing": "Preventive soil drench 7 days before sowing and repeat at first symptom.", |
| "ipm": "Raised nursery bed for drainage. Avoid overwatering. Soil solarization before nursery raising. Trichoderma 2.5kg/acre mixed in nursery FYM.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT overwater nursery — wet soil favors Pythium. Do NOT reuse same nursery bed without soil treatment.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Nursery Damping Off Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-brinjal-P02", |
| "crop": "brinjal", |
| "crop_hindi": "बैंगन", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Red Spider Mites (Tetranychus urticae) on Brinjal", |
| "condition_hindi": "बैंगन लाल मकड़ी — पत्ते पर जाला और पीलापन", |
| "symptoms": "Fine webbing on leaf undersides. Leaves turn bronze-yellow then dry up. Stippling (tiny white dots) on upper leaf surface. Very tiny red-green mites visible on undersides. Hot dry weather — rapid population explosion.", |
| "treatment": "Abamectin 1.8%EC 1ml/L OR Spiromesifen 22.9%SC 1ml/L. 2 sprays at 7-10 day interval. Change product for second spray.", |
| "chemical_1": "Abamectin 1.8%EC", |
| "dose_1": "1ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Spiromesifen 22.9%SC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre — spray leaf undersides", |
| "timing": "At first webbing or stippling. Spray undersides of leaves. Act fast — mites multiply every 5-7 days.", |
| "ipm": "Strong water jet dislodges mites. Sulphur dust 20-25kg/ha (also controls mites). Predatory mites: Phytoseiulus persimilis. Avoid broad-spectrum insecticides — kill mite predators.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use pyrethroids — kills mite predators and CAUSES mite outbreaks. Do NOT spray only top of leaves — mites are on undersides.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Mite Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-okra-P01", |
| "crop": "okra", |
| "crop_hindi": "भिंडी", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Shoot and Fruit Borer (Earias vittella / E. insulana)", |
| "condition_hindi": "भिंडी तना और फल बेधक", |
| "symptoms": "Borer enters tender shoot tip — shoot wilts (dead shoot). Entry into developing pods — frass inside, pods curl and rot. Round entry hole on pod.", |
| "treatment": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG 0.4g/L OR Spinosad 45%SC 0.3ml/L. Remove infested shoots and pods before spray.", |
| "chemical_1": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 45%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first dead shoot. Remove infested pods twice weekly. 2-3 sprays 10 days apart.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone trap monitoring. Hand-pick and destroy infested pods. Neem oil 5ml/L repels egg laying.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT sell or eat infested pods with entry hole — borer frass makes them inedible.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Okra Borer Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-okra-P02", |
| "crop": "okra", |
| "crop_hindi": "भिंडी", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Jassids (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) on Okra", |
| "condition_hindi": "भिंडी जैसिड — पत्ते नीचे की तरफ मुड़ना", |
| "symptoms": "Leaf margins turn yellow then brown (hopper burn). Leaves cup and curl downward. Tiny 3mm wedge-shaped green insects on undersides. Nymphs jump rapidly when disturbed. Transmits leaf curl virus.", |
| "treatment": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL 0.3ml/L OR Dimethoate 30%EC 1ml/L. Single spray at ETL usually sufficient.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Dimethoate 30%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "ETL: 2 jassids per leaf. First spray at seedling stage if jassids seen.", |
| "ipm": "Yellow sticky traps for monitoring. Seed treatment Imidacloprid 5g/kg. Avoid water stress — stressed plants more attractive to jassids.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT delay — jassids transmit leaf curl virus which has no cure.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Okra Jassid Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-chilli-D02", |
| "crop": "chilli", |
| "crop_hindi": "मिर्च", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Leaf Curl Virus / Chilli Mosaic (ChiLCV — whitefly vector)", |
| "condition_hindi": "मिर्च पत्ता मरोड़ वायरस — पत्ते ऊपर मुड़ना", |
| "symptoms": "Leaves curl upward and inward. Plants remain stunted. No fruit set. Mosaic mottling on leaves. Whitefly-transmitted virus — no chemical cure once infected.", |
| "treatment": "No cure for infected plants. Whitefly control: Thiamethoxam 25%WG 0.3g/L OR Imidacloprid 0.3ml/L. Remove infected plants immediately. Seed treatment Imidacloprid 5g/kg.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG", |
| "dose_1": "0.3g per litre for whitefly vector control", |
| "chemical_2": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre for whitefly control", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive whitefly control from transplanting. Remove infected plants at first curl symptom.", |
| "ipm": "Reflective mulch repels whitefly. Yellow sticky traps. Grow away from TYLCV-infected tomato. Resistant varieties: Pusa Jwala (some tolerance).", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT keep curl-infected plants — virus spreads via whitefly. Remove and destroy infected plants.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Chilli Leaf Curl Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-chilli-P02", |
| "crop": "chilli", |
| "crop_hindi": "मिर्च", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) on Chilli", |
| "condition_hindi": "मिर्च थ्रिप्स — पत्ते ऊपर मुड़ना, चांदी जैसी धारियां", |
| "symptoms": "Upward leaf rolling. Silver streaks on leaves. Flower and fruit scarring. Mites and thrips sometimes occur together — check for webbing for mites. Very small 1mm yellow-brown insects.", |
| "treatment": "Spinosad 45%SC 0.3ml/L OR Fipronil 5%SC 2ml/L. 2-3 sprays at 10-day interval. Alternate products to prevent resistance.", |
| "chemical_1": "Spinosad 45%SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Fipronil 5%SC", |
| "dose_2": "2ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre with sticker", |
| "timing": "At first leaf rolling or silver streaks. Evening spray preferred.", |
| "ipm": "Blue sticky traps 10/acre for monitoring. Seed treatment Imidacloprid 5g/kg for seedling protection.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use same insecticide more than 2 consecutive sprays — thrips develop resistance rapidly.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Chilli Thrips Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-chilli-P03", |
| "crop": "chilli", |
| "crop_hindi": "मिर्च", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera) on Chilli", |
| "condition_hindi": "मिर्च फल बेधक — मिर्च में छेद", |
| "symptoms": "Circular entry hole on green or red chilli. Caterpillar inside fruit feeding on seeds. Frass inside fruit. High humidity and dense canopy favors outbreak.", |
| "treatment": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG 0.4g/L OR Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC 0.3ml/L. 2-3 sprays at 12-day interval.", |
| "chemical_1": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At flowering and fruit set stage. ETL: 5% infested fruits. Evening spray.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone trap monitoring. Hand-pick and destroy infested fruits. HaNPV spray.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray close to harvest — pre-harvest interval must be observed.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Chilli Fruit Borer Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cauliflower-P01", |
| "crop": "cauliflower", |
| "crop_hindi": "फूलगोभी", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Diamond Back Moth DBM (Plutella xylostella)", |
| "condition_hindi": "फूलगोभी डायमंड बैक मॉथ — पत्ते में छेद", |
| "symptoms": "Small irregular holes in leaves. Green caterpillars (10-12mm) on leaf undersides — wriggle violently when touched. Windowpane feeding on young seedlings. Severe attack — complete defoliation. Most destructive Brassica pest worldwide.", |
| "treatment": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG 0.4g/L OR Spinosad 45%SC 0.3ml/L OR Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) 2g/L. 2-3 sprays at 10-day interval. DBM has resistance to many pyrethroids.", |
| "chemical_1": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) 3.5%AS", |
| "dose_2": "2g per litre, 150L per acre (selective, safe for pollinators)", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first hole damage or caterpillar sighting. ETL: 5 caterpillars per plant.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps 5/acre for monitoring. Hand-pick caterpillars. Neem oil 5ml/L. Parasitoid Cotesia plutellae. Do NOT use pyrethroids — DBM has high resistance.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use pyrethroids (cypermethrin, deltamethrin) — DBM has strong resistance. Use rotation of chemicals.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IARI New Delhi DBM Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cauliflower-D01", |
| "crop": "cauliflower", |
| "crop_hindi": "फूलगोभी", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Black Rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris)", |
| "condition_hindi": "फूलगोभी काला सड़न — पत्ते का किनारा पीला-काला", |
| "symptoms": "V-shaped yellow lesions from leaf margins going inward. Veins turn black (blackening of vascular tissue — visible on cut stem). Infected curd turns black and rots. Bacterial disease — seed and soil borne.", |
| "treatment": "Copper oxychloride 50%WP 3g/L OR Streptocycline 0.5g/L. 2-3 sprays at 10-day interval. Seed treatment: Hot water 50°C 30 min + Streptocycline 0.1g/L dip.", |
| "chemical_1": "Copper oxychloride 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "3g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Streptocycline 90%SP", |
| "dose_2": "0.5g per litre combined with copper", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first V-shaped leaf margin yellowing. Preventive in wet weather.", |
| "ipm": "Certified disease-free seed. Seed hot water treatment. Wide spacing. Avoid overhead irrigation. Crop rotation 3 years — no Brassica.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use infected seed. Do NOT irrigate by overhead sprinkler when humid.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IARI New Delhi Black Rot Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-cauliflower-N01", |
| "crop": "cauliflower", |
| "crop_hindi": "फूलगोभी", |
| "category": "nutrient", |
| "condition": "Boron Deficiency in Cauliflower (Hollow Curd / Brown Heart)", |
| "condition_hindi": "फूलगोभी बोरोन कमी — गोभी में खोखलापन और भूरापन", |
| "symptoms": "Hollow stem — inside of stem hollow with brown discoloration. Curd surface rough and brown. Small distorted leaves. 'Whiptail' — narrow strap-like leaves from molybdenum deficiency (different — needs Mo). Boron deficiency commonest in sandy acidic soils.", |
| "treatment": "Borax 0.3g/L foliar spray at transplanting and at curd initiation. OR soil application Borax 10kg/ha. Repeat foliar spray at 10-day interval if severe.", |
| "chemical_1": "Borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O)", |
| "dose_1": "0.3g per litre foliar OR 10 kg per hectare soil", |
| "chemical_2": "Solubor (Di-sodium octaborate)", |
| "dose_2": "0.15g per litre — more soluble alternative to Borax", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At transplanting and at curd initiation (most critical). Repeat at 10 days.", |
| "ipm": "Boron required in very small quantity — do NOT overdose. Liming acid soils improves boron availability. Sandy soils need annual boron application.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use Borax more than 0.5g/L — leaf burn. Do NOT confuse with Whiptail (Mo deficiency) — test tissue before applying.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IARI New Delhi Cauliflower Micronutrient Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-masoor-D01", |
| "crop": "masoor", |
| "crop_hindi": "मसूर", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) and Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)", |
| "condition_hindi": "मसूर रतुआ और उकठा", |
| "symptoms": "Rust: orange-brown powdery pustules on leaves and stems. Severe — entire plant rusty colored. Wilt: sudden wilting, vascular browning in stem. Both cause significant yield loss.", |
| "treatment": "Rust: Mancozeb 75%WP 2.5g/L OR Propiconazole 25%EC 1ml/L at first pustule. Wilt: Seed treatment Trichoderma 4g/kg + Carbendazim 2g/kg.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre, 150L per acre for rust", |
| "chemical_2": "Propiconazole 25%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre, 150L per acre for rust", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Rust spray at first pustule appearance (usually February-March). Seed treatment for wilt before sowing.", |
| "ipm": "Rust-resistant varieties: L-4076, DPL 62. Crop rotation. Remove infected plants in wilt-endemic areas.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT delay rust spray — spreads rapidly in cool humid weather.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Masoor Disease Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-masoor-A01", |
| "crop": "masoor", |
| "crop_hindi": "मसूर", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Lentil Agronomy — Seed Rate, Spacing, Fertilizer", |
| "condition_hindi": "मसूर बुवाई — बीज दर और खाद", |
| "symptoms": "NA — agronomy query", |
| "treatment": "Seed rate 12-15 kg/acre. Spacing 25-30cm rows. NPK 20:40:20 kg/ha. Rhizobium seed treatment 5g/kg. No top-dress N. Sow October 15 to November 15 in north India.", |
| "chemical_1": "Rhizobium (lentil-specific strain)", |
| "dose_1": "5g per kg seed", |
| "chemical_2": "Single Superphosphate SSP", |
| "dose_2": "250 kg per hectare basal", |
| "spray_volume": "NA", |
| "timing": "Sowing: mid-October to mid-November. Harvest: March-April when 70% pods mature.", |
| "ipm": "Seed treatment: Thiram 2g/kg + Carbendazim 1g/kg + Rhizobium. Boron 0.3g/L at flowering improves seed setting.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT sow late — late-sown lentil suffers heavy rust damage in February.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Masoor Agronomy 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-urad-D01", |
| "crop": "urad", |
| "crop_hindi": "उड़द", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) on Urad/Black Gram", |
| "condition_hindi": "उड़द पीला मोजेक वायरस — पत्ते पर पीले धब्बे", |
| "symptoms": "Irregular yellow patches alternating with green on leaves (mosaic). Affected plants remain stunted. Pods small, few, shrivelled. Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmits virus — no chemical cure.", |
| "treatment": "No cure. Remove and destroy infected plants. Whitefly control: Thiamethoxam 25%WG 0.3g/L OR Imidacloprid 0.3ml/L every 10 days. Seed treatment Imidacloprid 5g/kg.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG", |
| "dose_1": "0.3g per litre for whitefly control", |
| "chemical_2": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre for whitefly control", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive whitefly spray from seedling. Remove infected plants at first yellow patch.", |
| "ipm": "Yellow sticky traps. Reflective mulch. MYMV-resistant varieties: CO 6, WBU 108, PDU-1. Remove and destroy infected plants.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT keep MYMV-infected plants — whitefly spreads virus to healthy plants. Remove immediately.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Urad YMV Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-urad-A01", |
| "crop": "urad", |
| "crop_hindi": "उड़द", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Urad/Black Gram Agronomy — Seed Rate, Fertilizer", |
| "condition_hindi": "उड़द बुवाई — बीज दर और खाद", |
| "symptoms": "NA — agronomy query", |
| "treatment": "Seed rate 8-10 kg/acre. Row spacing 30-45cm. NPK 20:40:20 kg/ha basal. Rhizobium 5g/kg + PSB 5g/kg seed treatment. Kharif: June-July. Short duration crop — 60-70 days.", |
| "chemical_1": "Rhizobium (urad-specific strain)", |
| "dose_1": "5g per kg seed", |
| "chemical_2": "DAP", |
| "dose_2": "87 kg per hectare basal (40kg P2O5)", |
| "spray_volume": "NA", |
| "timing": "Kharif: June-July sowing. Summer crop: Feb-March. Harvest at 60-70 days.", |
| "ipm": "Seed treatment: Thiram 2g/kg + Carbendazim 1g/kg + Rhizobium 5g/kg. ZnSO4 25kg/ha in deficient soils.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT apply N as top dressing. Do NOT delay harvest — pods shatter when overripe.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR Kanpur Urad Agronomy 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-sunflower-D01", |
| "crop": "sunflower", |
| "crop_hindi": "सूरजमुखी", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Downy Mildew (Plasmopara halstedii)", |
| "condition_hindi": "सूरजमुखी मृदुरोमिल — पत्ते पीले, बौना पौधा", |
| "symptoms": "Systemic infection — plant severely stunted. Pale yellow patches on upper leaf surface with white cottony growth below. Infected plants produce no head. Seed-borne and soil-borne.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment: Metalaxyl 35%WS 6g/kg seed MANDATORY in endemic areas. Foliar Metalaxyl+Mancozeb 2.5g/L if symptoms appear.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl 35%WS", |
| "dose_1": "6g per kg seed treatment", |
| "chemical_2": "Metalaxyl+Mancozeb", |
| "dose_2": "2.5g per litre, 150L per acre foliar", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing is critical. Rogue and destroy infected plants.", |
| "ipm": "Resistant hybrids: KBSH 44, PAC 1091. Rogue all stunted plants. Crop rotation 3 years. Soil solarization.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT sow sunflower in same field 3 consecutive years if downy mildew history.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DOR Hyderabad Sunflower Downy Mildew Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-sunflower-D02", |
| "crop": "sunflower", |
| "crop_hindi": "सूरजमुखी", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Alternaria Leaf Blight (Alternaria helianthi)", |
| "condition_hindi": "सूरजमुखी पत्ता झुलसा — गोल भूरे धब्बे", |
| "symptoms": "Circular to irregular brown lesions with dark brown margin on leaves. Lesions coalesce — entire leaf blights. Stem and head also infected in severe cases. Humid rainy weather favors disease.", |
| "treatment": "Mancozeb 75%WP 2.5g/L OR Propiconazole 25%EC 1ml/L. 2-3 sprays at 10-day interval starting at first lesion.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Propiconazole 25%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first lesion. Repeat every 10 days during wet weather.", |
| "ipm": "Crop rotation. Destroy infected crop debris. Wide row spacing for air circulation.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT irrigate by overhead during outbreak.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DOR Hyderabad Sunflower Alternaria Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-sunflower-A01", |
| "crop": "sunflower", |
| "crop_hindi": "सूरजमुखी", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Sunflower Agronomy — Seed Rate, Spacing, Fertilizer, Pollination", |
| "condition_hindi": "सूरजमुखी बुवाई — बीज दर, दूरी, खाद, परागण", |
| "symptoms": "NA — agronomy query", |
| "treatment": "Seed rate 2-3 kg/acre (hybrid). Spacing 60x30cm. NPK 80:60:40 kg/ha. Boron 1kg/ha basal (essential for seed set). Beehive 2 per acre for cross-pollination.", |
| "chemical_1": "Borax", |
| "dose_1": "1 kg per hectare basal — essential for pollen viability", |
| "chemical_2": "Urea", |
| "dose_2": "80kg N per hectare split 2 doses", |
| "spray_volume": "NA", |
| "timing": "Kharif: June-July. Rabi: October-November. Harvest: when back of head turns yellow-brown at 90-95 days.", |
| "ipm": "Cross-pollination by honeybees essential for full seed set. Boron spray 0.3g/L at bud stage if soil deficient. Avoid pesticide spray during flowering — kills bees.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray insecticide during sunflower flowering — kills pollinators and reduces yield 30-40%.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DOR Hyderabad Sunflower Agronomy 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-garlic-D01", |
| "crop": "garlic", |
| "crop_hindi": "लहसुन", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Purple Blotch (Alternaria porri) on Garlic", |
| "condition_hindi": "लहसुन बैंगनी धब्बा — पत्ते पर बैंगनी-भूरे धब्बे", |
| "symptoms": "Small white lesions turning purple-brown with yellow halo on leaves. Lesions girdle leaves — leaf falls. Humid weather and dense planting favors disease.", |
| "treatment": "Mancozeb 75%WP 2.5g/L OR Propiconazole 25%EC 1ml/L. 2-3 sprays at 10-day interval with sticker.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre with sticker", |
| "chemical_2": "Propiconazole 25%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre with sticker", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre with sticker", |
| "timing": "At first lesion appearance. Add sticker for better coverage on waxy garlic leaves.", |
| "ipm": "Avoid overhead irrigation. Wide spacing. Remove infected leaves. Crop rotation 2-3 years.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT irrigate in evening — wet leaves overnight favor fungal spread.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF Nashik Garlic Disease Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-garlic-P01", |
| "crop": "garlic", |
| "crop_hindi": "लहसुन", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Thrips (Thrips tabaci) on Garlic", |
| "condition_hindi": "लहसुन थ्रिप्स", |
| "symptoms": "Silver streaks on leaves. Leaf tips turn white-brown. Tiny yellow-brown insects on leaves. Population explodes in hot dry weather.", |
| "treatment": "Spinosad 45%SC 0.3ml/L OR Fipronil 5%SC 2ml/L with sticker. 2-3 sprays at 10-day interval.", |
| "chemical_1": "Spinosad 45%SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.3ml per litre with sticker, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Fipronil 5%SC", |
| "dose_2": "2ml per litre with sticker, 150L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre with sticker", |
| "timing": "At first silver streaks. Evening spray. Add sticker — garlic leaves are waxy.", |
| "ipm": "Blue sticky traps for monitoring. Avoid moisture stress.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use same product more than 2 consecutive sprays — resistance develops rapidly.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF Nashik Garlic Thrips Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-garlic-PH01", |
| "crop": "garlic", |
| "crop_hindi": "लहसुन", |
| "category": "postharvest", |
| "condition": "Garlic Curing and Storage", |
| "condition_hindi": "लहसुन कटाई के बाद सुखाना और भंडारण", |
| "symptoms": "NA — postharvest query", |
| "treatment": "Harvest when 50-60% tops fall. Cure at ambient temperature 7-10 days (spread in shade with tops). Windrow curing on field 3-4 days. Store in net bags or bamboo baskets at 25-30 degrees Celsius, 65-70% RH. Cold storage at 1-3 degrees Celsius for 6-8 months.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre spray 1 week before harvest — reduces storage rots", |
| "chemical_2": "Thiram 75%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per litre dust on bulbs before storage", |
| "spray_volume": "Pre-harvest spray 150L per acre", |
| "timing": "Harvest: March-April in north India. Cure 7-10 days before storage. Do NOT store uncured garlic.", |
| "ipm": "Sort out damaged and infected bulbs before storage. Store in dry well-ventilated conditions. Excess moisture causes rotting and sprouting.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT store wet or uncured garlic — rots within weeks. Do NOT store in airtight containers.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF Nashik Garlic Postharvest Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-ginger-D01", |
| "crop": "ginger", |
| "crop_hindi": "अदरक", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Soft Rot / Rhizome Rot (Pythium aphanidermatum)", |
| "condition_hindi": "अदरक मृदु सड़न — कंद सड़ना", |
| "symptoms": "Leaves turn pale yellow then collapse from base. Collar region water-soaked and brown. Rhizome soft, rotten with foul smell. Spreads rapidly in waterlogged conditions. Most destructive ginger disease — up to 80% loss.", |
| "treatment": "Rhizome treatment before planting: Metalaxyl+Mancozeb 2.5g/L soak 30 min. Soil drench Metalaxyl 2g/L at root zone at first symptom. Trichoderma 4g/kg rhizome treatment.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl+Mancozeb (Ridomil MZ)", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre rhizome soak 30 min before planting", |
| "chemical_2": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_2": "4g per kg rhizome (biocontrol — apply separately)", |
| "spray_volume": "200ml drench per plant at root zone", |
| "timing": "Rhizome treatment mandatory before planting. Drench at first yellow leaf symptom. Remove and destroy infected clumps.", |
| "ipm": "Use disease-free seed rhizomes. Raised bed planting for drainage — critical. Avoid waterlogging at any cost. Crop rotation 3 years. Trichoderma + FYM in planting furrow.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT plant ginger in waterlogged field. Do NOT use infected rhizomes — primary disease source. Remove infected clumps with surrounding soil.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRC Spices Calicut Ginger Soft Rot Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-ginger-P01", |
| "crop": "ginger", |
| "crop_hindi": "अदरक", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Shoot Borer (Conogethes punctiferalis) on Ginger", |
| "condition_hindi": "अदरक तना छेदक / पत्ती लपेटक", |
| "symptoms": "Young shoot wilts — caterpillar bores into pseudo-stem. Dead shoot with entry hole. Leaves rolled with caterpillar inside. Yellow, frass-filled tunnels in pseudo-stem.", |
| "treatment": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC 2.5ml/L spray into pseudo-stem base. OR Monocrotophos is BANNED — use Chlorpyrifos or Quinalphos 25%EC 2ml/L instead.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2.5ml per litre, 200L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Quinalphos 25%EC", |
| "dose_2": "2ml per litre, 200L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At first dead shoot. Spray pseudo-stem base. June-September peak infestation.", |
| "ipm": "Remove and destroy infected shoots immediately. Light traps for moth monitoring. Encourage parasitoids.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use Monocrotophos — BANNED in India. Do NOT ignore early dead shoot symptoms.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRC Spices Calicut Ginger Borer Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-pomegranate-D01", |
| "crop": "pomegranate", |
| "crop_hindi": "अनार", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae)", |
| "condition_hindi": "अनार जीवाणु झुलसा — पत्ते, फल पर काले धब्बे", |
| "symptoms": "Dark brown to black water-soaked lesions on leaves, shoots and fruits. Lesions with oily appearance. Cracking of fruit skin with black patches. Spreads during rains and humid weather. Major disease in Karnataka, Maharashtra.", |
| "treatment": "Copper oxychloride 50%WP 3g/L + Streptocycline 0.5g/L spray. 3-4 sprays at 15-day interval during monsoon. Bordeaux mixture 1% also effective.", |
| "chemical_1": "Copper oxychloride 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "3g per litre combined with Streptocycline", |
| "chemical_2": "Streptocycline 90%SP", |
| "dose_2": "0.5g per litre combined with copper", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Begin at first monsoon rain. Repeat every 15 days through monsoon season.", |
| "ipm": "Pruning affected shoots. Paste copper + lime on pruned surfaces. Remove mummified fruits. Avoid overhead irrigation. Resistant varieties under development.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT use Streptocycline alone — combine with copper for better efficacy. Do NOT leave infected plant material on field.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRC Pomegranate Sholapur Bacterial Blight Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-pomegranate-P01", |
| "crop": "pomegranate", |
| "crop_hindi": "अनार", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Fruit Borer (Deudorix isocrates / Virachola isocrates)", |
| "condition_hindi": "अनार फल बेधक — फल में घुसना", |
| "symptoms": "Entry hole near stalk end of fruit. Frass around hole. Premature fruit drop. Caterpillar inside fruit feeding on arils. Heavy loss if uncontrolled.", |
| "treatment": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC 2.5ml/L OR Emamectin benzoate 5%SG 0.4g/L. 2-3 sprays at 15-day interval at fruit set stage. Bag fruits (individual paper bags) as physical barrier.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2.5ml per litre, 200L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Emamectin benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_2": "0.4g per litre, 200L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "At fruit set (5-10mm size). Repeat every 15 days. Bag fruits after pea size (3cm) for premium quality.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps for adult monitoring. Remove and destroy infested fruits immediately. Bag individual fruits with paper bags — 100% effective but labor intensive.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT ignore early fruit drop — check for borer entry hole.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRC Pomegranate Sholapur Fruit Borer Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-guava-D01", |
| "crop": "guava", |
| "crop_hindi": "अमरूद", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. psidii)", |
| "condition_hindi": "अमरूद उकठा — पेड़ एकदम सूखना", |
| "symptoms": "Sudden wilting of branches — starts at tips. Leaves dry without falling. Entire tree dies within weeks to months. Soil-borne — no chemical cure once established. Major problem in UP, Bihar.", |
| "treatment": "No complete chemical cure. Preventive: Carbendazim 1g/L soil drench at root zone early. Trichoderma 50g per tree mixed with soil at root zone. Remove and destroy badly affected trees.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "1g per litre, 5 litres per tree root zone drench", |
| "chemical_2": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_2": "50g per tree mixed with 2kg FYM at root zone", |
| "spray_volume": "5 litres per tree root zone drench", |
| "timing": "At first wilting symptoms. Drench root zone. Repeat monthly for 3-4 months.", |
| "ipm": "Remove and burn severely wilted trees. Soil solarization in wilt-affected plots. Graft on wilt-resistant rootstock. Allahabad Safeda and L-49 are susceptible — plant wilt-resistant varieties.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT replant guava in wilt-affected plot for 3-5 years. Do NOT wound roots during cultivation.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH Lucknow Guava Wilt Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-guava-P01", |
| "crop": "guava", |
| "crop_hindi": "अमरूद", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Fruit Fly (Bactrocera correcta / B. dorsalis) on Guava", |
| "condition_hindi": "अमरूद फल मक्खी — फल के अंदर कीड़ा", |
| "symptoms": "Maggots inside ripe fruit. Fruit surface appears normal but drops prematurely. Inside: white maggots in decayed pulp. Fruit fly lays eggs in ripening fruit through skin puncture.", |
| "treatment": "Malathion 50%EC 2ml/L + Protein hydrolysate 10ml/L bait spray (1 spray per week). OR Spinosad bait 0.3ml/L + sugar solution. Cover ripe fruits with paper bags.", |
| "chemical_1": "Malathion 50%EC bait spray", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre + Protein hydrolysate 10ml per litre — spray only one side of tree canopy", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 0.5%GF bait", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre + sugar 10g per litre bait spray", |
| "spray_volume": "Bait spray only — not full coverage spray", |
| "timing": "Weekly bait spray from fruit development. Paper bag fruits at marble size for premium quality.", |
| "ipm": "Methyl eugenol traps 10/acre for monitoring. Bag all fruits for 100% protection. Collect and destroy fallen infested fruits. Field sanitation — remove all fallen fruits daily.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT do full-coverage spray — kills beneficial insects. Bait spray targets only adult flies attracted to protein.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH Lucknow Guava Fruit Fly Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-guava-P02", |
| "crop": "guava", |
| "crop_hindi": "अमरूद", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Mealy Bug (Ferrisia virgata / Maconellicoccus hirsutus) on Guava", |
| "condition_hindi": "अमरूद मिलीबग — सफेद रोएदार कीड़े", |
| "symptoms": "White cottony masses on shoots, leaf axils and fruit stalk. Sooty mould on honeydew. Stunted shoot growth. Fruit malformation and drop. Ants attending mealybug colonies.", |
| "treatment": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC 2.5ml/L OR Imidacloprid 0.3ml/L. Trunk banding with adhesive grease band to prevent ant-aided spread. Spray stem and trunk base also.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorpyrifos 20%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2.5ml per litre, 200L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre, 200L per acre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre, spray trunk and canopy", |
| "timing": "At first white cottony masses. Apply grease band 30cm above ground on trunk immediately.", |
| "ipm": "Parasitoid Anagyrus dactylopii release. Predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (mealy bug destroyer) release 10/tree. Remove and destroy mealybug-infested plant parts. Grease band on trunk.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT ignore ants — ants protect mealybug from predators. Kill ants too with Chlorpyrifos on trunk.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH Lucknow Guava Mealybug Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-bittergourd-P01", |
| "crop": "bittergourd", |
| "crop_hindi": "करेला", |
| "category": "pest", |
| "condition": "Fruit Fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) on Bitter Gourd", |
| "condition_hindi": "करेला फल मक्खी — फल में कीड़ा", |
| "symptoms": "Female lays eggs in tender fruits. Maggots inside — fruit turns yellow and drops prematurely. Entry puncture visible. Inside: white maggots in decayed soft tissue. Major pest of all cucurbits.", |
| "treatment": "Malathion 50%EC 2ml/L + Protein hydrolysate 10ml/L bait spray weekly. OR Spinosad bait. Cover young fruits with paper or muslin bags.", |
| "chemical_1": "Malathion 50%EC bait", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre + Protein hydrolysate 10ml per litre — bait spray", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 0.5%GF", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre + sugar 10g per litre bait spray", |
| "spray_volume": "Bait spray — NOT full coverage", |
| "timing": "Weekly from fruit set. Bag young fruits at 2cm size.", |
| "ipm": "Cue-lure traps 5/acre for male fruit fly. Remove and destroy infested fruits daily. Bait spray kills adults before laying eggs.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray full canopy — kills pollinators needed for cucurbit pollination.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Cucurbit Fruit Fly Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-bittergourd-D01", |
| "crop": "bittergourd", |
| "crop_hindi": "करेला", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Downy Mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) on Cucurbits", |
| "condition_hindi": "करेला मृदुरोमिल — पत्ते पर पीले धब्बे, नीचे बैंगनी रोएं", |
| "symptoms": "Angular yellow-green patches on upper leaf surface limited by veins. Purple-grey downy growth on leaf undersides. Leaves dry up from top. Spreads rapidly in cool humid mornings.", |
| "treatment": "Metalaxyl+Mancozeb (Ridomil MZ) 2.5g/L OR Dimethomorph+Mancozeb 2.5g/L. 2-3 sprays at 7-10 day interval.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl+Mancozeb (Ridomil MZ 72%WP)", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre, 150L per acre", |
| "chemical_2": "Copper oxychloride 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "3g per litre as preventive spray", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre, spray undersides of leaves", |
| "timing": "At first yellow angular patches. Repeat every 7-10 days in wet weather.", |
| "ipm": "Avoid overhead irrigation. Wide spacing for air circulation. Remove severely infected leaves. Resistant cucurbit varieties available.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT spray only top surface — spores are on leaf undersides.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Cucurbit Downy Mildew Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ICAR-bittergourd-D02", |
| "crop": "bittergourd", |
| "crop_hindi": "करेला", |
| "category": "disease", |
| "condition": "Mosaic Virus (Cucumber Mosaic Virus CMV / Papaya Ringspot Virus PRSV)", |
| "condition_hindi": "करेला मोजेक वायरस — पत्ते पर चितकबरे धब्बे", |
| "symptoms": "Mosaic mottling (alternating light-dark green patches) on leaves. Leaf distortion and shoe-string. Plants stunted. Fruits deformed, bitter, mottled. Aphid-transmitted virus — no chemical cure.", |
| "treatment": "No cure. Control aphid vector: Imidacloprid 0.3ml/L OR Dimethoate 1ml/L. Remove infected plants immediately.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.3ml per litre for aphid vector control", |
| "chemical_2": "Dimethoate 30%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre for aphid control", |
| "spray_volume": "150 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive aphid control from seedling stage. Remove mosaic-infected plants immediately.", |
| "ipm": "Reflective mulch repels aphids. Remove infected plants. Grow away from CMV-infected cucurbits. Neem oil 5ml/L repels aphids.", |
| "do_not": "Do NOT keep mosaic-infected plants — aphids spread virus to healthy plants.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR Varanasi Cucurbit Mosaic Virus Management 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "MANGO_001", |
| "crop": "Mango", |
| "crop_hindi": "Aam", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Mango Hopper", |
| "condition_hindi": "Aam ka Tiddha", |
| "symptoms": "Nymphs and adults suck sap from leaves, flowers and fruits. Honey dew secretion leads to sooty mould. Flower and fruit drop. Severe infestation causes mango crop failure.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Imidacloprid 17.8%SL @ 0.5ml/L OR Thiamethoxam 25%WG @ 0.3g/L. Two sprays: first at bud burst and second at full bloom.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.5ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.3g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "500 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "First spray at bud burst; second spray at full bloom", |
| "ipm": "Light mango hopper attack: spray Neem oil 2% (20ml/L). Cover undersides of leaves. Remove dead wood.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray at night. Do not spray when bees are active during pollination.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "MANGO_002", |
| "crop": "Mango", |
| "crop_hindi": "Aam", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Mango Fruit Fly", |
| "condition_hindi": "Aam ki Makhi", |
| "symptoms": "Female lays eggs in ripening fruit. Maggots feed inside fruit causing rotting. Puncture marks visible on fruit surface. Premature fruit drop.", |
| "treatment": "Methyl eugenol traps (1 trap per acre) to trap males. Protein bait spray: Malathion 50%EC @ 2ml/L + Jaggery 10g/L. Collect and destroy fallen fruits daily.", |
| "chemical_1": "Malathion 50%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre (in protein bait with 10g jaggery)", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 45%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre (alternative bait spray)", |
| "spray_volume": "Spot spraying on 1 in 4 trees, 50L per acre", |
| "timing": "Start traps at fruit development stage. Protein bait spray every 7 days from fruit set.", |
| "ipm": "Methyl eugenol traps mandatory. Collect and bury fallen fruits. Pheromone monitoring.", |
| "do_not": "Do not apply insecticide as full canopy spray — use bait stations only. Do not leave fallen fruits on ground.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "MANGO_003", |
| "crop": "Mango", |
| "crop_hindi": "Aam", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Mango Powdery Mildew", |
| "condition_hindi": "Aam ka Safed Churn Rog", |
| "symptoms": "White powdery growth on young leaves, panicles and fruits. Affected flowers drop before fruit set. Young fruits covered with white powder and drop prematurely.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Hexaconazole 5%EC @ 2ml/L OR Sulphur 80%WP @ 3g/L OR Tebuconazole 25.9%EC @ 1ml/L. Two sprays at 15-day interval.", |
| "chemical_1": "Hexaconazole 5%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Sulphur 80%WP", |
| "dose_2": "3g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "500 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "First spray at panicle emergence; second spray 15 days later", |
| "ipm": "Sulphur dusting at 20kg/acre is effective. Prune to improve air circulation.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray Sulphur in temperature above 35 degrees C. Do not spray during afternoon.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "MANGO_004", |
| "crop": "Mango", |
| "crop_hindi": "Aam", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Mango Malformation", |
| "condition_hindi": "Aam ki Vikruti", |
| "symptoms": "Vegetative malformation: bunchy top appearance in young seedlings. Floral malformation: panicle becomes compact, sterile, no fruit set. Caused by Fusarium mangiferae + mite interaction.", |
| "treatment": "Prune malformed panicles and vegetative bunches immediately. Spray NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) 200ppm @ 2ml/10L in October to suppress malformation. Spray Carbendazim 50%WP @ 1g/L on pruned ends.", |
| "chemical_1": "NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) 4.5%SL", |
| "dose_1": "4ml per 10 litres (gives 200ppm)", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "1g per litre (pruned ends)", |
| "spray_volume": "500 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "NAA spray in October before panicle initiation. Prune malformed parts in February-March.", |
| "ipm": "Remove and burn malformed panicles. Use malformation-resistant varieties like Ratna, Arka Aruna.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use wood from malformed trees for grafting. Do not move infected planting material.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "BANANA_001", |
| "crop": "Banana", |
| "crop_hindi": "Kela", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Panama Wilt / Fusarium Wilt", |
| "condition_hindi": "Kela ka Panama Ulta Sukha Rog", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing of lower leaves starting from margins, progressing upward. Leaf collapse and hanging. Brown discolouration in pseudostem vascular tissue. Plant death. Soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense.", |
| "treatment": "No effective chemical cure. Use resistant varieties: Grand Naine (Cavendish), Nendran, Karpuravalli. Drench soil with Carbendazim 50%WP @ 1g/L at planting. Trichoderma viride @ 5g/plant as soil treatment.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "1g per litre (soil drench at planting)", |
| "chemical_2": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_2": "5g per plant (soil application with FYM)", |
| "spray_volume": "2 litres per plant for soil drench", |
| "timing": "Trichoderma at planting. Carbendazim soil drench if disease appears.", |
| "ipm": "Use only certified disease-free suckers. Remove infected plants with roots. Do not replant banana in infected soil for 3 years. Use raised beds with good drainage.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use suckers from infected fields. Do not waterlog banana fields.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRC Banana 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "BANANA_002", |
| "crop": "Banana", |
| "crop_hindi": "Kela", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Banana Pseudostem Weevil / Banana Borer", |
| "condition_hindi": "Kele ka Ghaun / Sund", |
| "symptoms": "Adult weevil bores into pseudostem base. Grubs tunnel through pseudostem causing wilting and plant death. Wilting of whole plant from base. Emergence holes visible at pseudostem base.", |
| "treatment": "Apply Chlorpyrifos 20%EC @ 5ml/L as drench at pseudostem base. Install pheromone traps (Cosmolure) @ 1 trap per 100 plants. Carbofuran 3G @ 10g per plant in pseudostem splits OR Fipronil 0.3%G @ 10g per plant.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorpyriphos 20%EC", |
| "dose_1": "5ml per litre as pseudostem base drench", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbofuran 3G", |
| "dose_2": "20g per plant in pseudostem splits", |
| "spray_volume": "0.5 litres per plant for base drench", |
| "timing": "Preventive drench every 3 months. Apply on appearance of damage.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone (Cosmolure) traps at 10/acre. Remove dead plants with stumps. Slit pseudostem traps.", |
| "do_not": "Do not leave pseudostem stumps in field. Do not move planting material from infested area.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRC Banana 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "TURMERIC_001", |
| "crop": "Turmeric", |
| "crop_hindi": "Haldi", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Turmeric Leaf Blotch", |
| "condition_hindi": "Haldi ka Patti Dhabba Rog", |
| "symptoms": "Small, oval to oblong spots on leaves with brown centre and yellow halo. Spots enlarge and coalesce. Severe infection causes leaf blight and defoliation.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Copper Oxychloride 50%WP @ 3g/L. Three sprays at 20-day interval.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Copper Oxychloride 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "3g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Start spraying when first spots appear. Continue at 20-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Remove infected leaves. Maintain plant spacing for air circulation. Avoid overhead irrigation.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray in rainy weather. Do not use same fungicide repeatedly.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "TURMERIC_002", |
| "crop": "Turmeric", |
| "crop_hindi": "Haldi", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Turmeric Rhizome Rot", |
| "condition_hindi": "Haldi ki Gand Galana", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing and wilting of lower leaves first. Brown water-soaked lesions on pseudostem at soil level. Rhizomes show brown to black rotting. Pythium aphanidermatum infection. High humidity and waterlogging favour disease.", |
| "treatment": "Treat seed rhizomes with Metalaxyl-M 4%+Mancozeb 64%WP (Ridomil Gold MZ) @ 3g/L for 30 minutes before planting. Drench soil with same @ 3g/L on disease appearance. Ensure good drainage.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl-M 4%+Mancozeb 64%WP", |
| "dose_1": "3g per litre (seed treatment 30 min soak + soil drench)", |
| "chemical_2": "Copper Oxychloride 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "3g per litre (alternative drench)", |
| "spray_volume": "2 litres per square metre for soil drench", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before planting. Soil drench on first disease appearance.", |
| "ipm": "Raised bed planting. Trichoderma harzianum @ 5g/kg seed rhizome treatment. Remove and destroy diseased plants with roots.", |
| "do_not": "Do not plant in waterlogged conditions. Do not replant in same field for 2 years after severe outbreak.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "CABBAGE_001", |
| "crop": "Cabbage", |
| "crop_hindi": "Band Gobhi", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Cabbage Diamondback Moth", |
| "condition_hindi": "Band Gobhi ka Heere ki Patee Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Small larvae scrape leaf epidermis leaving translucent windows. Larger larvae create irregular holes in leaves. Windowpane damage pattern distinctive. Resistant to many insecticides.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Spinosad 45%SC @ 0.3ml/L OR Emamectin Benzoate 5%SG @ 0.4g/L OR Chlorfenapyr 10%SC @ 2ml/L. Rotate insecticide groups to prevent resistance.", |
| "chemical_1": "Spinosad 45%SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.3ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Emamectin Benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_2": "0.4g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray on first damage. Use insecticide rotation every alternate spray.", |
| "ipm": "Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) @ 1g/L effective for larvae. Install pheromone traps 5/acre. Avoid pyrethroid sprays (DBM highly resistant).", |
| "do_not": "Do not use same insecticide more than 2 consecutive sprays. Do not use pyrethroids (DBM resistant).", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "CABBAGE_002", |
| "crop": "Cauliflower", |
| "crop_hindi": "Phool Gobhi", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Black Rot of Cauliflower", |
| "condition_hindi": "Phool Gobhi ka Kala Sadd", |
| "symptoms": "V-shaped yellow lesions at leaf margins progressing inward. Leaf veins turn black. Curd discolouration in severe cases. Bacterial disease by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment with hot water at 50 degrees C for 30 minutes. Spray Copper Oxychloride 50%WP @ 3g/L or Streptomycin 50%+Copper Oxychloride 47.5%WP @ 0.5g/L.", |
| "chemical_1": "Copper Oxychloride 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "3g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Streptomycin 50%+Copper Oxychloride 47.5%WP", |
| "dose_2": "0.5g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive sprays every 10-15 days from transplanting.", |
| "ipm": "Use disease-free transplants. Avoid wounding plants. 2-year crop rotation with non-crucifer crops.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use infected transplants. Do not overhead irrigate. Do not use Streptomycin more than 2 sprays per season.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "TOMATO_003", |
| "crop": "Tomato", |
| "crop_hindi": "Tamatar", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Tomato Leaf Miner", |
| "condition_hindi": "Tamatar ka Patee Kana Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Silvery serpentine mines on leaves made by larvae. Leaves dry up. Tuta absoluta also damages fruit — small dark-edged holes in green fruits. High infestation can cause total defoliation.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Spinosad 45%SC @ 0.3ml/L OR Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @ 0.4ml/L. Install pheromone traps (Tutasan) @ 5 traps per acre. Use yellow sticky traps 10 per acre.", |
| "chemical_1": "Spinosad 45%SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.3ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.4ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray when 1 mine per leaf observed or pheromone trap catches more than 5 moths per week.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps (Tutasan) 5/acre. Yellow sticky traps 10/acre. Remove heavily infested leaves.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use pyrethroids alone as resistance is common. Rotate insecticide groups.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "TOMATO_004", |
| "crop": "Tomato", |
| "crop_hindi": "Tamatar", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Tomato Fusarium Wilt", |
| "condition_hindi": "Tamatar ka Murjha Rog", |
| "symptoms": "One-sided yellowing of leaves on a single branch. Internal brown discolouration in stem vascular tissue. Progressive wilting of entire plant. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici.", |
| "treatment": "Soil drenching with Carbendazim 50%WP @ 1g/L OR Thiophanate Methyl 70%WP @ 1g/L. Trichoderma viride @ 250g per 10kg FYM as soil application.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "1g per litre (soil drench)", |
| "chemical_2": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_2": "250g per 10kg FYM as basal soil application", |
| "spray_volume": "2 litres per plant for soil drench", |
| "timing": "Trichoderma at transplanting. Chemical drench on disease appearance.", |
| "ipm": "Use resistant varieties: Naveen, Avinash-2. 3-year rotation. Soil solarization before planting.", |
| "do_not": "Do not plant tomato in same field for 2-3 years after outbreak. Do not waterlog.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "WHEAT_004", |
| "crop": "Wheat", |
| "crop_hindi": "Gehu", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Wheat Loose Smut", |
| "condition_hindi": "Gehu ka Ulta Kandwa", |
| "symptoms": "Entire wheat ear replaced by a mass of dark olive-brown to black powdery spores. Spores dispersed by wind at ear emergence infecting healthy plants. Seed-borne disease by Ustilago tritici.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment is THE ONLY effective control. Treat seed with Carboxin 37.5%+Thiram 37.5%DS @ 3g/kg seed OR Tebuconazole 2%DS @ 1.5g/kg seed. No foliar spray works.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carboxin 37.5%+Thiram 37.5%DS", |
| "dose_1": "3g per kg seed", |
| "chemical_2": "Tebuconazole 2%DS", |
| "dose_2": "1.5g per kg seed", |
| "spray_volume": "Seed treatment only — no spray", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Must be done every season.", |
| "ipm": "Use certified disease-free seed. Rogue out infected plants at ear emergence before spore dispersal.", |
| "do_not": "Do not sow untreated seed if loose smut was present in previous crop. Foliar fungicide sprays are NOT effective against loose smut.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "WHEAT_005", |
| "crop": "Wheat", |
| "crop_hindi": "Gehu", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Wheat Aphid", |
| "condition_hindi": "Gehu ka Mahu / Chapu", |
| "symptoms": "Small soft-bodied insects on leaves, stem and ear head sucking sap. Leaves turn yellow. Honeydew secretion causing sooty mould. Grain shrivelling in heavy infestation. Also transmits Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Dimethoate 30%EC @ 1.7ml/L OR Thiamethoxam 25%WG @ 0.2g/L OR Imidacloprid 17.8%SL @ 0.5ml/L. One spray usually sufficient.", |
| "chemical_1": "Dimethoate 30%EC", |
| "dose_1": "1.7ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.2g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray when aphid population exceeds 100 per ear OR when 10% ear infestation reached.", |
| "ipm": "Conserve natural enemies: ladybird beetle, lacewing. Light infestations (under 50 per ear) do not need spraying. Yellow pan water traps for monitoring.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray unnecessarily if natural enemies are present. Avoid broad-spectrum insecticides early in crop.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "MUSTARD_003", |
| "crop": "Mustard", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sarson", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Mustard Alternaria Blight", |
| "condition_hindi": "Sarson ka Alternaria Jhulsa", |
| "symptoms": "Dark brown to black circular spots with concentric rings on leaves. Spots on pods cause shrivelling of seeds. Severe infection causes premature leaf and pod drop.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Iprodione 50%WP @ 2g/L OR Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Tebuconazole 25.9%EC @ 1ml/L. Two sprays at 15-day interval at pod formation.", |
| "chemical_1": "Iprodione 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2.5g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "First spray at 50% flowering; second spray at pod formation.", |
| "ipm": "Remove infected plant debris. Use resistant varieties: Pusa Bold, RH-30. Crop rotation.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray during flowering to protect pollinators. Do not spray in rain.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DRMR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "RICE_006", |
| "crop": "Rice", |
| "crop_hindi": "Dhan", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Rice Stem Borer", |
| "condition_hindi": "Dhan ka Tana Beedha Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Dead heart: tillers die at vegetative stage, dead central leaf pulls easily. White ear: panicles die at reproductive stage without grain fill. Yellow Striped Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) is major species.", |
| "treatment": "Apply Cartap Hydrochloride 4G @ 8kg/acre in standing water OR spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @ 0.4ml/L OR Fipronil 5%SC @ 2ml/L. Light traps to monitor adult moths.", |
| "chemical_1": "Cartap Hydrochloride 4G", |
| "dose_1": "8kg per acre (granule application in standing water)", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.4ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre (foliar spray)", |
| "timing": "First application at 25 days after transplanting. Second at panicle initiation if damage seen.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps 5/acre for monitoring. Clip tips of nursery seedlings to remove egg masses before transplanting. Light traps 1/acre.", |
| "do_not": "Do not apply granules without standing water. Do not use organophosphates repeatedly as resistance develops.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CRRI 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "RICE_007", |
| "crop": "Rice", |
| "crop_hindi": "Dhan", |
| "category": "bacterial", |
| "condition": "Rice Sheath Blight", |
| "condition_hindi": "Dhan ka Thanv Jhulsa", |
| "symptoms": "Oval to irregular grey-green lesions on leaf sheath near water line. Lesions enlarge with greyish-white centre and brown border. Severe infection causes lodging and chaffy grains. Rhizoctonia solani.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Hexaconazole 5%EC @ 2ml/L OR Validamycin 3%L @ 2.5ml/L OR Propiconazole 25%EC @ 1ml/L. Two sprays at 10-15 day interval.", |
| "chemical_1": "Hexaconazole 5%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Validamycin 3%L", |
| "dose_2": "2.5ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "First spray at active tillering when disease reaches 25% incidence. Second spray 15 days later.", |
| "ipm": "Reduce nitrogen fertilizer to recommended levels. Maintain optimum plant spacing. Avoid dense planting.", |
| "do_not": "Do not apply excess nitrogen fertilizer as it promotes sheath blight. Do not use same fungicide repeatedly.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CRRI 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "COTTON_004", |
| "crop": "Cotton", |
| "crop_hindi": "Kapas", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Cotton Whitefly", |
| "condition_hindi": "Kapas ki Safed Makhi", |
| "symptoms": "Tiny white winged insects on undersides of leaves. Honeydew secretion causes sooty mould blackening. Leaves turn yellow. CLCuV (Cotton Leaf Curl Virus) transmitted by whitefly — causes leaf curling, dark green vein thickening, enation.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Pyriproxyfen 10%EC @ 1ml/L OR Spiromesifen 22.9%SC @ 1ml/L OR Buprofezin 25%SC @ 2ml/L. Rotate insecticide groups. For CLCuV there is no cure — remove and burn infected plants.", |
| "chemical_1": "Pyriproxyfen 10%EC", |
| "dose_1": "1ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Spiromesifen 22.9%SC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray when more than 6 whiteflies per leaf. Early morning spraying preferred.", |
| "ipm": "Yellow sticky traps 15/acre. Conserve Encarsia parasitoids. Neem oil 2% spray for light infestation.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use neonicotinoids repeatedly as whitefly develops resistance quickly. Avoid imidacloprid for established whitefly populations. Remove CLCuV infected plants immediately.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "SOYBEAN_003", |
| "crop": "Soybean", |
| "crop_hindi": "Soyabean", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Soybean Spodoptera / Leaf Eating Caterpillar", |
| "condition_hindi": "Soyabean ka Patti Khane Wala Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Young larvae scrape leaf surface leaving window pane damage. Older larvae make irregular holes. Severe infestation can cause complete defoliation. Multiple species: Spodoptera litura, S. frugiperda.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Emamectin Benzoate 5%SG @ 0.4g/L OR Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @ 0.4ml/L OR Indoxacarb 15.8%EC @ 1ml/L. Spray early morning when larvae are active.", |
| "chemical_1": "Emamectin Benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.4ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray when 4 or more larvae per metre row or 10% leaf area damage observed.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps (Spodo-lure) 5/acre. Hand-collect egg masses and young larvae. Bt spray 1g/L for young larvae. NPV spray 250LE/acre effective.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray at noon when larvae are hiding. Do not use same active ingredient repeatedly.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GRAM_003", |
| "crop": "Chickpea", |
| "crop_hindi": "Chana", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Chickpea Pod Borer", |
| "condition_hindi": "Chane ka Phali Beedha Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Larvae bore into developing pods and feed on seeds. Small circular entry holes in pods. Frass visible near entry holes. Helicoverpa armigera is the major pest, also affects other legumes.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Emamectin Benzoate 5%SG @ 0.4g/L OR Indoxacarb 15.8%EC @ 1ml/L OR Spinosad 45%SC @ 0.3ml/L. Spray at pod initiation when egg laying starts.", |
| "chemical_1": "Emamectin Benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Indoxacarb 15.8%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "First spray at 50% flowering. Second spray 15 days later at pod fill stage.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps (Helilure) 5/acre for monitoring. NPV-H @ 250LE/acre very effective. T-stake perches 25/acre for bird predation. Bt spray 1g/L.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray synthetic pyrethroids in first 45 days as they kill natural enemies. Do not spray during flowering to protect bees.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "MAIZE_004", |
| "crop": "Maize", |
| "crop_hindi": "Makka", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Maize Cob Borer", |
| "condition_hindi": "Makke ka Bhutta Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Larvae bore into green cobs through silk channel. Frass visible at silk end. Damaged kernels with fungal contamination. Helicoverpa armigera and Chilo partellus attack cobs.", |
| "treatment": "Apply Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @ 0.4ml/L through silk channel (40ml per plant in whorl). Spray at 50% silking. Carbaryl 10%DP @ 2-3 granules in silk channel.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.4ml per litre (spray at silk emergence)", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbaryl 10%DP", |
| "dose_2": "2-3 granules per silk channel", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray at 50% silk emergence. Granule application at silk emergence for targeted protection.", |
| "ipm": "Trichogramma egg parasitoid release 1.5 lakh/acre at tasselling. Remove and destroy first affected silks.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray insecticide in silk channel after pollination is complete as it kills pollen.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIMR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GROUNDNUT_003", |
| "crop": "Groundnut", |
| "crop_hindi": "Moongfali", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Groundnut Collar Rot / Crown Rot", |
| "condition_hindi": "Moongfali ka Gardan Galana", |
| "symptoms": "Water-soaked lesion at collar region near soil. Seedling collapse. Brown discolouration at base. Aspergillus niger infection. High soil temperature and moisture trigger outbreak.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment with Thiram 75%WP @ 3g/kg seed OR Carbendazim 50%WP @ 2g/kg seed. Soil drench with Copper Oxychloride 50%WP @ 3g/L if seedling damping-off occurs.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiram 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "3g per kg seed (seed treatment)", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per kg seed (seed treatment alternative)", |
| "spray_volume": "2 litres per square metre for soil drench", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Soil drench in nursery if damping-off seen.", |
| "ipm": "Treat seeds with Trichoderma viride 5g/kg. Ensure proper drainage. Avoid excessive soil moisture at planting.", |
| "do_not": "Do not plant in wet heavy soils without drainage. Do not skip seed treatment if collar rot present in field history.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DGR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GENERAL_001", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Zinc Deficiency", |
| "condition_hindi": "Zinc ki Kami", |
| "symptoms": "Interveinal chlorosis on young leaves (in maize: white stripe on leaves). Stunted growth. In rice: Khaira disease — brown rusty spots on leaves, stunted tillering. In wheat: light green to yellow colour on young leaves.", |
| "treatment": "Soil application: Zinc Sulphate 21% @ 10kg/acre as basal dose. Foliar spray: Zinc Sulphate 0.5% (5g/L) + Lime 0.25% (2.5g/L) spray two to three times.", |
| "chemical_1": "Zinc Sulphate 21%", |
| "dose_1": "10kg per acre (soil application) OR 5g per litre (foliar)", |
| "chemical_2": "Chelated Zinc 12%", |
| "dose_2": "2.5g per litre (foliar, no lime needed with chelated form)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre for foliar spray", |
| "timing": "Soil application at sowing/transplanting. Foliar spray at 20-25 days after sowing when deficiency visible.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not mix Zinc Sulphate with phosphatic fertilizers directly (forms insoluble complex). Add lime when using non-chelated zinc sulphate for foliar spray.", |
| "source": "ICAR Soil Science Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GENERAL_002", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Boron Deficiency", |
| "condition_hindi": "Boron ki Kami", |
| "symptoms": "Terminal bud death. Distorted young leaves. In sunflower/mustard: hollow stem, poor seed set. In cauliflower: hollow curd, brown rot. In rice: white panicle (poor pollen viability).", |
| "treatment": "Soil application: Borax 11%B @ 1kg/acre before sowing. Foliar spray: Solubor (Disodium octaborate) @ 1g/L or Borax 0.2% (2g/L) twice.", |
| "chemical_1": "Borax (Sodium Tetraborate) 11%B", |
| "dose_1": "1kg per acre (soil) OR 2g per litre (foliar)", |
| "chemical_2": "Solubor (Disodium octaborate) 20%B", |
| "dose_2": "1g per litre (foliar, more soluble than borax)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre for foliar", |
| "timing": "Soil application as basal before sowing. Foliar spray at vegetative stage before flowering.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not exceed 1kg/acre of Borax in soil application as boron toxicity can occur. Do not apply boron in excess.", |
| "source": "ICAR Soil Science Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GENERAL_003", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Iron Deficiency", |
| "condition_hindi": "Loha ki Kami", |
| "symptoms": "Interveinal chlorosis on young leaves — veins remain green while leaf tissue turns yellow. Severe cases: complete yellowing of young leaves. Common in alkaline/calcareous soils and waterlogged conditions.", |
| "treatment": "Foliar spray: Ferrous Sulphate 0.5% (5g/L) + Citric acid 0.1% (1g/L) — 3 sprays at weekly intervals. OR Chelated Iron (Fe-EDTA 12%) @ 2.5g/L foliar.", |
| "chemical_1": "Ferrous Sulphate 20%", |
| "dose_1": "5g per litre foliar (with 1g/L citric acid to prevent oxidation)", |
| "chemical_2": "Chelated Iron Fe-EDTA 12%", |
| "dose_2": "2.5g per litre foliar (more stable, preferred in alkaline soils)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Foliar spray every 7-10 days when deficiency symptoms visible.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not apply Ferrous Sulphate to soil in alkaline soils (becomes unavailable). Foliar application is more effective in calcareous soils. Do not mix with alkaline pesticides.", |
| "source": "ICAR Soil Science Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GENERAL_004", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "safety", |
| "condition": "Pesticide Safety and PPE", |
| "condition_hindi": "Keetnashak Suraksha aur Saamgri", |
| "symptoms": "Pesticide poisoning symptoms: nausea, headache, blurred vision, excessive sweating, weakness. Emergency: contact with organophosphate causes pinpoint pupils, excessive secretions.", |
| "treatment": "Wear full PPE: gloves, goggles, mask, full-sleeve clothes, boots. Mix pesticides in open area. Spray with wind, not against it. Wash hands before eating. If poisoning: move to fresh air, remove contaminated clothes, wash with soap water, contact doctor immediately. Atropine injection for organophosphate poisoning.", |
| "chemical_1": None, |
| "dose_1": None, |
| "chemical_2": None, |
| "dose_2": None, |
| "spray_volume": None, |
| "timing": "Do not spray in afternoon heat above 35 degrees C. Do not spray in strong wind. Best time is early morning 6-9am or late evening after 4pm.", |
| "ipm": "Prefer biopesticides and IPM methods to reduce chemical exposure risk.", |
| "do_not": "Do not eat, drink or smoke while spraying. Do not enter spray field for 24-48 hours after application. Do not store pesticides in food containers. Keep away from children. Do not spray near water bodies.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NCIPM Safety Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GENERAL_005", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Termite / White Ant Attack", |
| "condition_hindi": "Deemak / Safed Cheenti", |
| "symptoms": "Wilting of plants. Hollow stems and roots. White insects (termites) visible in soil near roots. Tunnels on stem surface covered with mud. Plants pull out easily from soil.", |
| "treatment": "Soil treatment: Chlorpyriphos 20%EC @ 4L/acre mixed in 30-40L water, drench at root zone. Seed treatment: Imidacloprid 48%FS @ 5ml/kg seed for direct-seeded crops.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorpyriphos 20%EC", |
| "dose_1": "4 litres per acre mixed in 30-40 litres water (soil drench at root zone)", |
| "chemical_2": "Imidacloprid 48%FS", |
| "dose_2": "5ml per kg seed (seed treatment)", |
| "spray_volume": "30-40 litres per acre mixed for soil drench", |
| "timing": "Soil treatment at planting or on first sign of termite damage.", |
| "ipm": "Apply well-decomposed FYM only (undecomposed attracts termites). Remove crop residues. Avoid waterlogging.", |
| "do_not": "Do not apply undecomposed organic matter as it attracts termites. Do not apply in standing crop without proper dilution.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NCIPM 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "POTATO_002", |
| "crop": "Potato", |
| "crop_hindi": "Aloo", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Potato Early Blight", |
| "condition_hindi": "Aloo ka Aagami Jhulsa", |
| "symptoms": "Dark brown concentric ring spots (target board pattern) on older lower leaves. Spots enlarge with yellow halo. Severe infection causes defoliation. Alternaria solani infection.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Chlorothalonil 75%WP @ 2g/L OR Azoxystrobin 23%SC @ 1ml/L. Spray at 7-10 day interval preventively.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Azoxystrobin 23%SC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Start preventive sprays 30 days after planting. Continue at 10-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Remove heavily infected lower leaves. Maintain adequate plant spacing. Avoid overhead irrigation in evening.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use same fungicide class repeatedly. Alternate between contact and systemic fungicides.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CPRI 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "POTATO_003", |
| "crop": "Potato", |
| "crop_hindi": "Aloo", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Potato Common Scab", |
| "condition_hindi": "Aloo ka Khurkhura Rog", |
| "symptoms": "Corky raised or depressed rough patches on tuber surface. Shallow to deep pitting on skin. Affects market quality but not yield drastically. Streptomyces scabies — soil bacterium.", |
| "treatment": "No effective foliar spray. Seed treatment with Formalin 2% (20ml/L) for 30 minutes before planting. Maintain soil pH below 5.5 in acid soils. Avoid fresh FYM/wood ash before planting.", |
| "chemical_1": "Formalin 40%", |
| "dose_1": "20ml per litre water (2% solution) — seed tuber dip for 30 minutes", |
| "chemical_2": None, |
| "dose_2": None, |
| "spray_volume": "Seed treatment only", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before planting.", |
| "ipm": "Crop rotation with cereals/legumes for 3-4 years. Maintain adequate soil moisture during tuber initiation. Avoid lime and wood ash application before planting.", |
| "do_not": "Do not apply fresh FYM in scab-infested fields. Do not liming soil in scab areas. Do not plant infected seed tubers.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CPRI 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "POTATO_004", |
| "crop": "Potato", |
| "crop_hindi": "Aloo", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Potato Aphid and Whitefly", |
| "condition_hindi": "Aloo ka Mahu aur Safed Makhi", |
| "symptoms": "Aphids and whiteflies transmit Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) and PVY. Infected plants show leaf rolling, stunting, yellowing. Direct feeding causes leaf curl and reduced tuber yield.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Imidacloprid 17.8%SL @ 0.5ml/L OR Thiamethoxam 25%WG @ 0.2g/L preventively for virus vector control. Mineral oil spray (1.5%) reduces virus transmission.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.5ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.2g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive sprays at 30, 45, 60 days after planting. Stop 30 days before harvest.", |
| "ipm": "Use certified virus-free seed. Yellow sticky traps 15/acre. Silver/reflective mulch repels aphids and whitefly.", |
| "do_not": "Do not grow potato near infected solanaceous crops. Use certified seed to avoid carrying virus.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CPRI 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "SUNFLOWER_001", |
| "crop": "Sunflower", |
| "crop_hindi": "Surajmukhi", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Sunflower Head Rot / Sclerotinia Rot", |
| "condition_hindi": "Surajmukhi ka Sir Galana", |
| "symptoms": "Brown water-soaked lesion at back of head (capitulum). White cottony mycelium with black sclerotia visible. Head rotting causes seed loss. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Carbendazim 50%WP @ 1g/L OR Thiophanate Methyl 70%WP @ 1g/L at head formation. Iprodione 50%WP @ 2g/L effective. Two sprays at 15-day interval.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "1g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Iprodione 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "First spray at 50% flowering. Second spray 15 days later at grain fill.", |
| "ipm": "Wide row spacing to improve air circulation. Avoid dense planting. Crop rotation — do not grow sunflower in same field for 3 years.", |
| "do_not": "Do not apply excessive nitrogen. Do not overhead irrigate at flowering stage. Do not keep crop residues in field.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DMAPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "SUNFLOWER_002", |
| "crop": "Sunflower", |
| "crop_hindi": "Surajmukhi", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Sunflower Head Borer", |
| "condition_hindi": "Surajmukhi ka Sir Beedha Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Larvae bore into developing capitulum and feed on seeds. Entry holes visible on head. Helicoverpa armigera is main pest. Frass on head surface.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @ 0.4ml/L OR Emamectin Benzoate 5%SG @ 0.4g/L. Spray at head development stage when eggs or young larvae visible.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.4ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Emamectin Benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_2": "0.4g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray at bud stage when head starts forming. Second spray if needed 10-15 days later.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone (Helilure) traps 5/acre. T-stakes for bird perching 25/acre. NPV @ 250LE/acre effective.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray at full bloom when bees pollinating. Avoid broad-spectrum insecticides during pollination.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DMAPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "SUNFLOWER_003", |
| "crop": "Sunflower", |
| "crop_hindi": "Surajmukhi", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Sunflower Alternaria Leaf Spot", |
| "condition_hindi": "Surajmukhi ka Alternaria Dhabba", |
| "symptoms": "Circular dark brown spots with concentric rings on leaves. Yellow halo around spots. Severe infection causes leaf blight. Alternaria helianthi.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Iprodione 50%WP @ 2g/L. Three sprays at 15-day intervals starting at vegetative stage.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Iprodione 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Start spraying when first spots appear. Continue at 15-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Use resistant varieties. Remove infected lower leaves. Crop rotation.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray in rain. Rotate fungicide groups to prevent resistance.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DMAPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "SESAME_001", |
| "crop": "Sesame", |
| "crop_hindi": "Til", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Sesame Phyllody (Witches Broom)", |
| "condition_hindi": "Til ka Jhadu Rog / Phyllody", |
| "symptoms": "Flowers converted to leaf-like structures. Plants appear bushy with no seed formation. Caused by phytoplasma transmitted by leafhopper (Orosius argentatus). Serious yield loss.", |
| "treatment": "Control leafhopper vector: Spray Imidacloprid 17.8%SL @ 0.5ml/L OR Thiamethoxam 25%WG @ 0.2g/L. Remove and destroy infected plants immediately. No cure for infected plants.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.5ml per litre (vector control)", |
| "chemical_2": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.2g per litre (vector control)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive insecticide spray at 20, 35, 50 days after sowing for vector control.", |
| "ipm": "Remove infected plants immediately. Yellow sticky traps for leafhopper monitoring. Use healthy seeds.", |
| "do_not": "Do not leave infected plants in field as they are inoculum source. There is no chemical cure for phytoplasma.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DMAPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "SESAME_002", |
| "crop": "Sesame", |
| "crop_hindi": "Til", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Sesame Cercospora Leaf Spot", |
| "condition_hindi": "Til ka Cercospora Dhabba", |
| "symptoms": "Small circular angular dark brown spots on leaves. Spots may have grey centre. Severe infection causes defoliation and yield loss.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Carbendazim 50%WP @ 1g/L. Two to three sprays at 15-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "1g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray when spots first appear. Continue at 15-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Use tolerant varieties. Remove infected leaves. Avoid dense planting.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray in rain. Ensure coverage of lower leaf surface.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DMAPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "WATERMELON_001", |
| "crop": "Watermelon", |
| "crop_hindi": "Tarbuj", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Watermelon Downy Mildew", |
| "condition_hindi": "Tarbuj ka Downy Mildew", |
| "symptoms": "Angular yellow spots bounded by leaf veins on upper leaf surface. Grayish-purple fungal growth on lower surface. Rapid spread in humid weather. Pseudoperonospora cubensis.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Metalaxyl-M 4%+Mancozeb 64%WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2.5g/L OR Cymoxanil 8%+Mancozeb 64%WP @ 3g/L OR Dimethomorph 50%WP @ 1g/L. Spray at 7-day interval in wet weather.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl-M 4%+Mancozeb 64%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Cymoxanil 8%+Mancozeb 64%WP", |
| "dose_2": "3g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive spray from vine development. Spray every 7 days in humid/rainy weather.", |
| "ipm": "Proper plant spacing. Avoid overhead irrigation. Remove heavily infected leaves.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray Metalaxyl alone as resistance develops. Always use in combination with contact fungicide.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "CUCUMBER_001", |
| "crop": "Cucumber", |
| "crop_hindi": "Kheera", |
| "category": "viral", |
| "condition": "Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)", |
| "condition_hindi": "Kheera ka Mozaik Rog", |
| "symptoms": "Mosaic pattern of light and dark green on leaves. Leaf distortion and puckering. Fruit shows pale and dark green mottling. Transmitted by aphids (Myzus persicae). No cure once infected.", |
| "treatment": "Control aphid vector: Spray Imidacloprid 17.8%SL @ 0.5ml/L OR Dimethoate 30%EC @ 1.7ml/L. Mineral oil spray (1% Neem oil) helps reduce virus spread. Remove infected plants.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.5ml per litre (aphid vector control)", |
| "chemical_2": "Dimethoate 30%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1.7ml per litre (aphid control)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive aphid control sprays every 10-15 days. Spray at first sign of aphids.", |
| "ipm": "Reflective silver mulch repels aphids. Yellow sticky traps 15/acre. Remove infected plants immediately. Use virus-free seedlings.", |
| "do_not": "There is no cure for CMV-infected plants. Remove and destroy infected plants promptly. Do not use infected plant material.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "BRINJAL_002", |
| "crop": "Brinjal", |
| "crop_hindi": "Baingan", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Brinjal Phomopsis Blight", |
| "condition_hindi": "Baingan ka Phomopsis Jhulsa", |
| "symptoms": "Circular brown spots on leaves and fruits. Spots have concentric rings. Fruit rotting. Tan to brown lesions on stem. Phomopsis vexans infection. Seed-borne and soil-borne.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment with Captan 50%WP @ 3g/kg seed. Foliar spray: Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Copper Oxychloride 50%WP @ 3g/L. Three sprays at 15-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Captan 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "3g per kg seed (seed treatment)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray when disease first appears. Continue at 15-day intervals during fruit development.", |
| "ipm": "Use disease-free seed. 3-year crop rotation. Remove and destroy infected fruits and plant debris.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use infected seed. Do not compost infected plant debris.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "WEED_001", |
| "crop": "Wheat", |
| "crop_hindi": "Gehu", |
| "category": "weed", |
| "condition": "Wheat Weed Management - Narrow Leaf Weeds", |
| "condition_hindi": "Gehu mein Sankar Patti Kharpat", |
| "symptoms": "Phalaris minor (Gulli danda), wild oats (Avena) and other grassy weeds compete with wheat. Significant yield loss up to 30-40% in heavy infestation.", |
| "treatment": "Clodinafop-Propargyl 15%WP @ 60g/acre OR Sulfosulfuron 75%WG @ 13g/acre OR Isoproturon 75%WP @ 1kg/acre. Apply as early post-emergence at 30-35 days after sowing.", |
| "chemical_1": "Clodinafop-Propargyl 15%WP", |
| "dose_1": "60g per acre (200L water) — for Phalaris minor", |
| "chemical_2": "Sulfosulfuron 75%WG", |
| "dose_2": "13g per acre (200L water) — for grass weeds", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "30-35 days after sowing. Apply when weeds are at 2-3 leaf stage. Do not apply after 45 days.", |
| "ipm": "Zero tillage sowing reduces Phalaris minor. Summer deep ploughing exposes weed seeds.", |
| "do_not": "Do not apply Isoproturon in sandy soils (leaching risk). Do not mix with urea fertilizer spray. Apply only on moist soil.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Weed Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "WEED_002", |
| "crop": "Wheat", |
| "crop_hindi": "Gehu", |
| "category": "weed", |
| "condition": "Wheat Weed Management - Broad Leaf Weeds", |
| "condition_hindi": "Gehu mein Chaudi Patti Kharpat", |
| "symptoms": "Bathua (Chenopodium), Krishnaneel (Anagallis), Hirankhuri (Convolvulus) and other broad leaf weeds reduce wheat yield.", |
| "treatment": "2,4-D Amine Salt 58%SL @ 600ml/acre OR Metsulfuron Methyl 20%WP @ 8g/acre OR Carfentrazone Ethyl 40%DF @ 20g/acre. Apply at 30-35 days after sowing.", |
| "chemical_1": "2,4-D Amine Salt 58%SL", |
| "dose_1": "600ml per acre in 200L water", |
| "chemical_2": "Metsulfuron Methyl 20%WP", |
| "dose_2": "8g per acre in 200L water", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "30-35 DAS. Weeds at 2-4 leaf stage. Avoid spray in frost or cold wave.", |
| "ipm": "Hand weeding at 25-30 DAS. Proper crop rotation breaks weed cycles.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray 2,4-D near broad leaf vegetable crops (highly volatile). Do not spray in windy conditions. Do not apply after 45 DAS as crop damage may occur.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR Weed Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "WEED_003", |
| "crop": "Rice", |
| "crop_hindi": "Dhan", |
| "category": "weed", |
| "condition": "Rice Weed Management", |
| "condition_hindi": "Dhan mein Kharpat Prabandhan", |
| "symptoms": "Echinochloa (Sama, Jungle rice), Cyperus (Motha), Ischaemum and aquatic weeds in transplanted rice. Yield loss 30-70% if not controlled.", |
| "treatment": "Pretilachlor 50%EC @ 500ml/acre (5-7 DAT, in standing water) OR Bispyribac-Sodium 10%SC @ 100ml/acre (15-20 DAT) for Echinochloa. Pyrazosulfuron 10%WP @ 15g/acre for broad leaf and sedge weeds.", |
| "chemical_1": "Pretilachlor 50%EC", |
| "dose_1": "500ml per acre in 25-30L water — apply 5-7 days after transplanting with 5cm standing water", |
| "chemical_2": "Bispyribac-Sodium 10%SC", |
| "dose_2": "100ml per acre in 200L water — 15-20 days after transplanting", |
| "spray_volume": "25-30L for granule/mixing; 200L for foliar Bispyribac", |
| "timing": "Pretilachlor: 5-7 DAT. Bispyribac: 15-20 DAT. Maintain 5cm standing water 3 days after pretilachlor.", |
| "ipm": "Maintain standing water 5-7cm for 3 weeks after transplanting suppresses weeds. 2-3 hand weedings in organic systems.", |
| "do_not": "Do not drain field for 3 days after pretilachlor application. Do not apply bispyribac on flooded field.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CRRI Weed Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "WEED_004", |
| "crop": "Cotton", |
| "crop_hindi": "Kapas", |
| "category": "weed", |
| "condition": "Cotton Weed Management", |
| "condition_hindi": "Kapas mein Kharpat", |
| "symptoms": "Amaranthus, Cyperus, Echinochloa and various broad leaf weeds compete in early cotton. First 60 days critical period for weed control. Yield loss up to 50% in heavy infestations.", |
| "treatment": "Pendimethalin 38.7%CS @ 700ml/acre as pre-emergence (0-3 days after sowing) OR Pyrithiobac-Sodium 10%EC @ 200ml/acre at 15-20 DAS for broad leaf weeds. Hand hoeing at 30 and 60 DAS.", |
| "chemical_1": "Pendimethalin 38.7%CS", |
| "dose_1": "700ml per acre in 200L water — pre-emergence 0-3 days after sowing", |
| "chemical_2": "Pyrithiobac-Sodium 10%EC", |
| "dose_2": "200ml per acre in 200L water — 15-20 DAS post-emergence", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Pendimethalin: pre-emergence on moist soil. Post-emergence herbicide at 15-20 DAS.", |
| "ipm": "Inter-cultivation at 30 and 60 DAS. Mulching suppresses weeds and retains moisture.", |
| "do_not": "Do not apply Pendimethalin on dry soil (needs moisture for activation). Do not spray Pyrithiobac after 35 DAS.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Weed Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "FERTILIZER_001", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Nitrogen Management - Split Application", |
| "condition_hindi": "Naitrogen ka Vibhajit Prayog", |
| "symptoms": "Excessive single nitrogen dose causes lodging, pest susceptibility, groundwater pollution. Deficiency causes yellowing of lower leaves (older leaves first, V-pattern). Stunted growth.", |
| "treatment": "Split nitrogen application: 50% as basal before sowing + 25% at first node/tillering + 25% at booting/panicle initiation. Use soil test for baseline. Urea (46%N) standard source.", |
| "chemical_1": "Urea 46%N", |
| "dose_1": "Crop-specific: wheat 50-60kg N/acre, rice 40-50kg N/acre, maize 60-80kg N/acre — always split 3 ways", |
| "chemical_2": "DAP (18%N 46%P)", |
| "dose_2": "50kg per acre as basal (provides both N and P)", |
| "spray_volume": "No spray — soil application", |
| "timing": "Basal: at sowing. Top dress 1: at 25-30 days. Top dress 2: at 45-50 days or before flowering.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not apply all nitrogen at once (leaching loss up to 40% in single dose). Do not apply Urea in waterlogged conditions. Do not apply on dry soil without irrigation.", |
| "source": "ICAR Agronomy Division Fertilizer Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "FERTILIZER_002", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Phosphorus Deficiency", |
| "condition_hindi": "Phosphorus ki Kami", |
| "symptoms": "Purple/reddish-purple discolouration on lower surface of leaves and stems (anthocyanin). Delayed maturity. Poor root development. Reduced grain fill. Older leaves affected first.", |
| "treatment": "Basal application of SSP (Single Super Phosphate 16%P2O5) @ 100-150kg/acre OR DAP (46%P2O5) @ 50kg/acre. Fold phosphorus into soil before sowing for best uptake.", |
| "chemical_1": "SSP (Single Super Phosphate) 16%P2O5", |
| "dose_1": "100-150kg per acre as basal before sowing", |
| "chemical_2": "DAP (Di-Ammonium Phosphate) 46%P2O5", |
| "dose_2": "50kg per acre as basal (also provides 18% N)", |
| "spray_volume": "Soil application only", |
| "timing": "At sowing as basal dose. Phosphorus does not respond to topdressing.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not apply phosphorus fertilizer in standing crop — no benefit. Always apply before sowing. Do not mix DAP with alkaline fertilizers like Potassium Chloride in same drill.", |
| "source": "ICAR Soil Science Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "FERTILIZER_003", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Potassium Deficiency", |
| "condition_hindi": "Potash ki Kami", |
| "symptoms": "Scorching or burning of leaf tips and margins starting from lower leaves. Brown leaf margins. Poor grain fill. Weak stems causing lodging. Plants more susceptible to drought and disease.", |
| "treatment": "Soil application: MOP (Muriate of Potash 60%K2O) @ 30-50kg/acre as basal. SOP (Sulphate of Potash) @ 40kg/acre preferred in chloride-sensitive crops (tobacco, potato).", |
| "chemical_1": "MOP (Muriate of Potash) 60%K2O", |
| "dose_1": "30-50kg per acre (crop specific) as basal", |
| "chemical_2": "SOP (Sulphate of Potash) 50%K2O", |
| "dose_2": "40kg per acre — for chloride-sensitive crops like potato, tobacco", |
| "spray_volume": "Soil application", |
| "timing": "Basal application before sowing. Half basal, half as topdressing in Sandy soils.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not use MOP for potato and tobacco (chloride causes quality issues). Sandy soils need split K application. Do not skip potassium in high-yield variety crops.", |
| "source": "ICAR Soil Science Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "POMEGRANATE_002", |
| "crop": "Pomegranate", |
| "crop_hindi": "Anar", |
| "category": "bacterial", |
| "condition": "Pomegranate Bacterial Blight", |
| "condition_hindi": "Anar ka Bacterial Jhulsa", |
| "symptoms": "Water-soaked angular spots on leaves turning brown. Dark brown to black spots on fruits with cracking. Twig dieback with dark lesions. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae. Severe in humid weather.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Copper Oxychloride 50%WP @ 3g/L OR Streptomycin 90%+Copper Sulphate 10% @ 1g/L. Three to four sprays at 15-day intervals in rainy season.", |
| "chemical_1": "Copper Oxychloride 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "3g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Streptomycin 90%+Copper Sulphate 10%", |
| "dose_2": "1g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "500 litres per acre (for trees)", |
| "timing": "Start spraying at monsoon onset. Continue every 15 days during rainy season.", |
| "ipm": "Prune and destroy infected twigs. Maintain tree health with proper nutrition. Avoid waterlogging.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray Streptomycin more than 2 times per season (resistance risk). Do not spray copper in hot afternoon.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRC Pomegranate 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GUAVA_002", |
| "crop": "Guava", |
| "crop_hindi": "Amrud", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Guava Fruit Fly", |
| "condition_hindi": "Amrud ki Makhi", |
| "symptoms": "Female punctures ripening fruit skin and lays eggs. Maggots inside cause rotting. Puncture marks on fruit surface. Premature fruit drop. Bactrocera correcta is main species in guava.", |
| "treatment": "Methyl eugenol traps (1 per acre) for male trapping. Protein bait spray: Malathion 50%EC @ 2ml/L + Jaggery 10g/L on 1 in 4 trees. Bag fruits at marble stage.", |
| "chemical_1": "Malathion 50%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre with 10g jaggery (protein bait — spot spray only)", |
| "chemical_2": None, |
| "dose_2": None, |
| "spray_volume": "Spot spray on 1 in 4 trees", |
| "timing": "Traps from fruit development. Bait sprays every 7 days from fruit set.", |
| "ipm": "Paper or polythene bag fruits at pea size stage. Collect and bury fallen fruits. Pheromone monitoring.", |
| "do_not": "Do not broadcast insecticide spray — use protein bait stations only. Do not leave fallen fruits on ground.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GARLIC_001", |
| "crop": "Garlic", |
| "crop_hindi": "Lehsun", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Garlic Purple Blotch", |
| "condition_hindi": "Lehsun ka Purple Dhabba", |
| "symptoms": "Small whitish spots with purple centre on leaves. Spots enlarge with water-soaked margins. Leaves dry from tip. Bulb infection causes dark purple to black discolouration. Alternaria porri.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Iprodione 50%WP @ 2g/L. Three sprays at 10-day intervals during crop growth.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Iprodione 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Start spraying at vegetative stage. Continue at 10-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Use disease-free cloves for planting. Avoid overhead irrigation. Proper plant spacing.", |
| "do_not": "Do not plant in field with history of Alternaria. Crop rotation with non-allium crops for 2 years.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GINGER_001", |
| "crop": "Ginger", |
| "crop_hindi": "Adrak", |
| "category": "bacterial", |
| "condition": "Ginger Bacterial Wilt", |
| "condition_hindi": "Adrak ka Bacterial Murjha", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing and wilting of leaves starting from lower leaves. Leaf sheath shows water-soaked lesions. Rhizome shows internal brown discolouration with foul odour when cut. Ralstonia solanacearum. Soil and water-borne.", |
| "treatment": "No effective chemical cure. Preventive soil treatment: Drench with Bleaching Powder @ 20g/L or Copper Sulphate @ 3g/L before planting. Seed rhizome treatment with Streptomycin 90%+Copper Sulphate @ 1g/L soak for 30 minutes.", |
| "chemical_1": "Streptomycin 90%+Copper Sulphate 10%", |
| "dose_1": "1g per litre — seed rhizome soak for 30 minutes before planting", |
| "chemical_2": "Bleaching Powder", |
| "dose_2": "20g per litre — soil drench as preventive", |
| "spray_volume": "2 litres per square metre for soil drench", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before planting. Soil drench on first disease appearance.", |
| "ipm": "Use disease-free rhizomes. Raised bed planting with excellent drainage. Remove infected plants immediately with rhizomes. Do not replant in same area for 3-4 years.", |
| "do_not": "Do not plant in waterlogged or poorly drained soil. Do not use irrigation water from infected area. Remove diseased plants without spreading soil.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "PEA_001", |
| "crop": "Pea", |
| "crop_hindi": "Matar", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Pea Powdery Mildew", |
| "condition_hindi": "Matar ka Safed Churn Rog", |
| "symptoms": "White powdery coating on leaves, stems and pods. Leaves curl and dry. Affected pods remain small. Erysiphe pisi. Late sown crops more affected.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Hexaconazole 5%EC @ 2ml/L OR Sulphur 80%WP @ 3g/L OR Propiconazole 25%EC @ 1ml/L. Two sprays at 10-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Hexaconazole 5%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Sulphur 80%WP", |
| "dose_2": "3g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray on first appearance of white powder. Second spray 10 days later.", |
| "ipm": "Avoid late sowing. Use resistant varieties: Pusa Pragati, Arkel. Sulphur dusting effective.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray sulphur above 35 degrees C. Do not apply in afternoon heat.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "PEA_002", |
| "crop": "Pea", |
| "crop_hindi": "Matar", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Pea Root Rot / Wilt", |
| "condition_hindi": "Matar ka Jadd Galana / Murjha", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing and wilting of plants. Brown to black discolouration at root and stem base. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi causes vascular wilt. Aphanomyces euteiches causes root rot.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment with Carbendazim 50%WP @ 2g/kg + Thiram 75%WP @ 2g/kg. Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg seed. Soil drench with Carbendazim 1g/L on disease appearance.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2g per kg seed (as seed treatment mixture with Thiram)", |
| "chemical_2": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_2": "5g per kg seed (biocontrol seed treatment)", |
| "spray_volume": "Seed treatment + soil drench 2L per square metre", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Soil drench on first wilt symptom.", |
| "ipm": "Crop rotation 3-4 years with non-legume crops. Raised beds. Use healthy certified seed.", |
| "do_not": "Do not plant pea in poorly drained fields. Do not irrigate excessively.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ARHAR_003", |
| "crop": "Arhar", |
| "crop_hindi": "Arhar / Tur", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Arhar Sterility Mosaic Disease", |
| "condition_hindi": "Arhar ka Bandhyata Mozaik Rog", |
| "symptoms": "Bushy light green plants with no flowers. Mosaic pattern on leaves. Smaller leaves, numerous shoots. Transmitted by Eriophyid mite (Aceria cajani). No seeds formed. Virus-like disease.", |
| "treatment": "Control mite vector: Spray Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 1ml/L OR Abamectin 1.9% EC @ 0.5ml/L. Remove and burn affected plants immediately. No cure for infected plants.", |
| "chemical_1": "Propargite 57%EC (OMITE)", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre (mite vector control)", |
| "chemical_2": "Spiromesifen 22.9% SC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive mite control at 30 and 60 days after sowing.", |
| "ipm": "Rogue out infected plants early. Use tolerant varieties: ICPL 87119, Asha. Plant in rows for early detection.", |
| "do_not": "Do not keep infected plants — rogue out immediately. There is no cure for infected plants.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ARHAR_004", |
| "crop": "Arhar", |
| "crop_hindi": "Arhar / Tur", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Arhar Pod Fly", |
| "condition_hindi": "Arhar ki Phali Makhi", |
| "symptoms": "Maggots feed inside developing seeds causing shrivelling. Circular exit holes in seeds. Agromyza obtusa is the species. Similar damage to Helicoverpa but no frass on outside.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Indoxacarb 14.5% SC @ 0.5ml/L OR Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG @ 0.4g/L at pod development stage. Two sprays at 10-day interval.", |
| "chemical_1": "Indoxacarb 14.5% SC", |
| "dose_1": "0.5ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG", |
| "dose_2": "1.7ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "First spray at early pod formation. Second spray 10 days later.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa (combined monitoring). Grow early maturing varieties to escape pod fly.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray within 14 days of harvest. Monocrotophos has 14-day pre-harvest interval.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "MOONG_003", |
| "crop": "Moong", |
| "crop_hindi": "Moong", |
| "category": "viral", |
| "condition": "Moong Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV)", |
| "condition_hindi": "Moong ka Peela Chhatar Rog", |
| "symptoms": "Bright yellow patches on green leaves. Irregular yellow-green mosaic pattern. Yellow mottling on pods. Whitefly transmitted Begomovirus. Infected plants produce no seeds or small shrivelled seeds.", |
| "treatment": "Control whitefly vector: Spray Thiamethoxam 25%WG @ 0.3g/L OR Imidacloprid 17.8%SL @ 0.5ml/L. Remove infected plants immediately. No cure for infected plants.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG", |
| "dose_1": "0.3g per litre (whitefly vector control)", |
| "chemical_2": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_2": "0.5ml per litre (whitefly control)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive whitefly spray at 15, 30, 45 days after sowing.", |
| "ipm": "Yellow sticky traps 15/acre. Use MYMV resistant varieties: Pusa Vishal, Pusa Ratna, Samrat. Rogue infected plants.", |
| "do_not": "There is no chemical treatment for MYMV in infected plants. Rogue out immediately. Do not save seed from infected plants.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "URAD_002", |
| "crop": "Urad", |
| "crop_hindi": "Urad", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Urad Cercospora Leaf Spot", |
| "condition_hindi": "Urad ka Cercospora Dhabba", |
| "symptoms": "Circular to angular grey-brown spots with dark margins on leaves. Spots may have yellow halo. Severe infection causes defoliation. Cercospora canescens.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Carbendazim 50%WP @ 1g/L. Two sprays at 15-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "1g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray on first spot appearance. Continue at 15-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Use resistant varieties. Avoid overhead irrigation. Crop rotation.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray in rain. Ensure coverage on lower leaf surface.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "SUGARCANE_003", |
| "crop": "Sugarcane", |
| "crop_hindi": "Ganna", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Sugarcane Pyrilla", |
| "condition_hindi": "Ganna ka Pyrilla Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Adults and nymphs suck sap from leaves. Honeydew secretion causes sooty mould. Leaves turn yellow. Large populations reduce cane weight and sugar recovery.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Malathion 50%EC @ 2ml/L OR Dimethoate 30%EC @ 1.7ml/L. Release parasitoid Epiricania melanoleuca @ 50,000 egg masses per hectare for biological control.", |
| "chemical_1": "Malathion 50%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Dimethoate 30%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1.7ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray when population is 10 or more per leaf. Early morning spraying preferred.", |
| "ipm": "Release Epiricania melanoleuca egg masses 50,000 per hectare. This parasitoid is highly effective and preferred over chemical sprays.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray during parasitoid release period. Prefer biological control as Pyrilla is highly amenable to it.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Sugarcane 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "SUGARCANE_004", |
| "crop": "Sugarcane", |
| "crop_hindi": "Ganna", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Sugarcane Wilt", |
| "condition_hindi": "Ganna ka Murjha Rog", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing of leaves starting from top. Spindle-shaped hollows inside stalk with red to pink discolouration. Stalks become light and hollow. Fusarium sacchari. Ratoon crops more affected.", |
| "treatment": "Sett treatment with Carbendazim 50%WP @ 1g/L for 30 minutes before planting. Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 1kg mixed in 100kg FYM per acre.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "1g per litre (sett soak 30 minutes before planting)", |
| "chemical_2": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_2": "1kg per 100kg FYM — soil application", |
| "spray_volume": "Sett treatment only", |
| "timing": "Sett treatment before planting. Trichoderma at planting.", |
| "ipm": "Use disease-free setts from certified seed cane. Avoid ratoon of infected crop. Select wilt-resistant varieties.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use setts from wilted crop. Do not ratoon a crop that showed wilt in previous season.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR Sugarcane 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "BIOFERT_001", |
| "crop": "Legumes", |
| "crop_hindi": "Dalhan Fasal", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Rhizobium Biofertilizer for Legumes", |
| "condition_hindi": "Dalhan ke liye Rhizobium", |
| "symptoms": "Pale yellow plants despite adequate nitrogen fertilizer. Poor nodule formation. Reduced yield in soybean, chickpea, moong, urad, arhar, groundnut, lentil crops.", |
| "treatment": "Treat seeds with crop-specific Rhizobium culture @ 200g per 10kg seed before sowing. Use Bradyrhizobium for soybean/groundnut. Rhizobium leguminosarum for chickpea/pea/lentil. Rhizobium japonicum for soybean.", |
| "chemical_1": "Bradyrhizobium japonicum (for soybean/groundnut)", |
| "dose_1": "200g culture per 10kg seed — seed treatment before sowing", |
| "chemical_2": "Rhizobium leguminosarum (for chickpea/pea/moong/urad)", |
| "dose_2": "200g culture per 10kg seed — crop-specific culture essential", |
| "spray_volume": "Seed treatment only", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment just before sowing. Mix culture with 5% jaggery solution as sticker. Dry seed in shade before sowing.", |
| "ipm": "Reduces nitrogen fertilizer requirement by 20-25kg/acre. Cost-effective.", |
| "do_not": "Do not mix Rhizobium with chemical fungicides or insecticides — kills bacteria. Do not expose treated seed to direct sunlight. Use crop-specific culture only. NEVER apply to wheat, rice, maize, mustard, or non-legume crops.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRRI Biofertilizer Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "BIOFERT_002", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "PSB and Azotobacter Biofertilizers", |
| "condition_hindi": "PSB aur Azotobacter Jeev Upyam", |
| "symptoms": "Phosphorus locked up in soil despite adequate application. Stunted growth in non-legume crops. Soil losing biological activity.", |
| "treatment": "PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Bacillus megaterium): 200g per 10kg seed OR 1kg in 100kg FYM per acre. Azotobacter (for non-legume crops like wheat, maize, sorghum): 200g per 10kg seed.", |
| "chemical_1": "PSB (Bacillus megaterium)", |
| "dose_1": "200g per 10kg seed (seed treatment) OR 1kg per 100kg FYM per acre (soil application)", |
| "chemical_2": "Azotobacter chroococcum", |
| "dose_2": "200g per 10kg seed — for non-legume crops", |
| "spray_volume": "Seed treatment or soil application", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Soil application as basal.", |
| "ipm": "PSB solubilizes locked phosphorus — reduces phosphatic fertilizer by 20-25%. Azotobacter fixes atmospheric nitrogen for cereals.", |
| "do_not": "Do not mix with chemical fertilizers directly. Do not expose to sunlight. Keep in cool place. Use before expiry date on packet.", |
| "source": "ICAR Biofertilizer Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "SOIL_001", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Soil Health Card Recommendations", |
| "condition_hindi": "Mitti Swasthya Card", |
| "symptoms": "Declining crop yields despite normal inputs. Soil test reveals pH imbalance, low organic matter, nutrient deficiency. Saline/alkaline soil patches in field.", |
| "treatment": "For acid soil (pH below 5.5): Apply agricultural lime (CaCO3) @ 2-4 quintals/acre. For alkaline soil (pH above 8.5): Apply Gypsum (CaSO4) @ 4-6 quintals/acre. For normal soil: apply FYM/compost 2-4 tonnes/acre annually.", |
| "chemical_1": "Agricultural Lime CaCO3", |
| "dose_1": "2-4 quintals per acre for acid soil correction (pH below 5.5)", |
| "chemical_2": "Gypsum CaSO4 (Calcium Sulphate)", |
| "dose_2": "4-6 quintals per acre for alkaline/saline-alkaline soil (pH above 8.5)", |
| "spray_volume": "Soil application only", |
| "timing": "Apply 2-3 weeks before sowing. Mix well into soil. Lime: apply in dry season. Gypsum: apply before monsoon.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not apply lime and DAP/SSP together (phosphorus fixation). Apply lime and phosphorus separately at least 2 weeks apart. Do not overdo lime — can cause iron/manganese deficiency.", |
| "source": "ICAR Soil Science Division 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ONION_003", |
| "crop": "Onion", |
| "crop_hindi": "Pyaj", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Onion Thrips", |
| "condition_hindi": "Pyaj ka Tripsa Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Silvery white streaking on leaves. Tiny insects visible in leaf folds. Leaves curl inward. Severe infestation causes leaf distortion and reduced bulb size. Thrips tabaci.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Fipronil 5%SC @ 2ml/L OR Spinosad 45%SC @ 0.3ml/L OR Dimethoate 30%EC @ 1.7ml/L. Direct spray into leaf folds where thrips hide.", |
| "chemical_1": "Fipronil 5%SC", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 45%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.3ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre with high-pressure to reach leaf folds", |
| "timing": "Spray on first damage. Continue at 10-day intervals if needed.", |
| "ipm": "Blue sticky traps 15/acre for monitoring and mass trapping. Neem oil 2% spray. Remove crop debris after harvest.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use same insecticide repeatedly (thrips develop resistance fast). Rotate insecticide groups every 2 sprays.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "ONION_004", |
| "crop": "Onion", |
| "crop_hindi": "Pyaj", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Onion Basal Rot", |
| "condition_hindi": "Pyaj ka Jadd Galana", |
| "symptoms": "Plants wilt and die. Pinkish-white fungal growth at bulb base. Roots decay. Bulb base softens and rots. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae. Infected bulbs fail in storage.", |
| "treatment": "Seed/transplant treatment with Carbendazim 50%WP @ 2g/L soak for 30 minutes. Soil drench with Carbendazim 1g/L on disease appearance.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2g per litre (seedling/transplant dip 30 minutes before planting)", |
| "chemical_2": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_2": "5g per kg seed or 250g per 10kg FYM (soil biocontrol)", |
| "spray_volume": "Transplant dip solution, soil drench 2L per sqm", |
| "timing": "Transplant treatment before planting. Soil drench on first disease appearance.", |
| "ipm": "Crop rotation 3 years with non-allium crops. Avoid waterlogging. Remove diseased plants with bulbs.", |
| "do_not": "Do not store bulbs from diseased crop. Do not use infected bulbs as seed material.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "RICE_008", |
| "crop": "Rice", |
| "crop_hindi": "Dhan", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Rice Leaf Folder", |
| "condition_hindi": "Dhan ka Patti Lapetne Wala Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Leaves rolled longitudinally and tied with silk thread. Larvae inside fold scrape leaf surface leaving transparent white streaks. Heavy infestation causes white appearance of field.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Cartap Hydrochloride 50%SP @ 1g/L OR Chlorpyrifos 20%EC @ 2.5ml/L OR Emamectin Benzoate 5%SG @ 0.4g/L. Spray when 2 or more folded leaves per tiller visible.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorpyriphos 20%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2.5ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Cartap Hydrochloride 50%SP", |
| "dose_2": "1g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray at late vegetative to boot stage when 5-10% leaves folded.", |
| "ipm": "Light infestation (under 5% leaves): no spray needed. Trichogramma parasitoid. Avoid excess nitrogen which promotes leaf folder.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray at transplanting stage — tolerance is high early in crop. Do not apply nitrogen excessively.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CRRI 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "RICE_009", |
| "crop": "Rice", |
| "crop_hindi": "Dhan", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Rice Khaira Disease (Zinc Deficiency)", |
| "condition_hindi": "Dhan ka Khaira Rog", |
| "symptoms": "Brown rusty spots on lower leaves in transplanted rice at 2-4 weeks after transplanting. Pale yellow to bronze discolouration. Stunted growth. Reduced tillering. Very common in alluvial soils of Punjab/Haryana/UP/Bihar.", |
| "treatment": "Zinc Sulphate 21% @ 10kg/acre as basal before transplanting OR Zinc Sulphate 0.5% (5g/L) foliar spray twice when symptoms appear.", |
| "chemical_1": "Zinc Sulphate 21% (Heptahydrate)", |
| "dose_1": "10kg per acre soil application before transplanting", |
| "chemical_2": "Zinc Sulphate 21%", |
| "dose_2": "5g per litre foliar spray — 2 sprays at 7-day interval when Khaira appears", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre for foliar spray", |
| "timing": "Soil application 1-2 weeks before transplanting. Foliar spray when Khaira symptoms appear at 2-3 weeks after transplanting.", |
| "ipm": "Avoid continuous flooding — intermittent irrigation prevents zinc lockup. Apply lime if soil pH is very low.", |
| "do_not": "Do not mistake Khaira for Bacterial Leaf Blight — Khaira has rusty spots, BLB has yellow water-soaked margins. Do not apply excess zinc — once in 3-4 years is sufficient.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CRRI 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "COTTON_005", |
| "crop": "Cotton", |
| "crop_hindi": "Kapas", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Cotton Root Rot / Damping Off", |
| "condition_hindi": "Kapas ka Jadd Galana", |
| "symptoms": "Seedling collapse at soil level. Brown water-soaked lesion at base. Post-emergence damping off in nursery or direct-seeded cotton. Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium species.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment with Thiram 75%WP @ 3g/kg + Carbendazim 50%WP @ 2g/kg. Soil drench with Copper Oxychloride 50%WP @ 3g/L if damping-off seen.", |
| "chemical_1": "Thiram 75%WP + Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "3g+2g per kg seed (combined seed treatment)", |
| "chemical_2": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_2": "5g per kg seed (add as third component of seed treatment)", |
| "spray_volume": "Seed treatment + soil drench 2L per sqm", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing is mandatory. Soil drench only if damping-off appears.", |
| "ipm": "Well-drained seed bed. Avoid waterlogging. Trichoderma soil application with FYM as preventive.", |
| "do_not": "Do not plant cotton in waterlogged low-lying areas. Do not skip seed treatment.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "MUSTARD_004", |
| "crop": "Mustard", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sarson", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Mustard Painted Bug", |
| "condition_hindi": "Sarson ka Rang Biranga Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Black and red/orange spotted bugs suck sap from seedlings and young plants. Wilting and yellowing of plants. Seedlings may die. Bagrada cruciferarum. Most damaging at seedling stage.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Malathion 50%EC @ 2ml/L OR Dimethoate 30%EC @ 1.7ml/L. One spray usually sufficient. Dusting with Malathion 5% dust @ 8kg/acre also effective.", |
| "chemical_1": "Malathion 50%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Dimethoate 30%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1.7ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray at seedling stage on pest appearance. Early action prevents crop loss.", |
| "ipm": "Deep ploughing in summer exposes pupae to sun and birds. Early sowing avoids peak pest period.", |
| "do_not": "Do not delay action at seedling stage — heavy damage can kill entire field.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DRMR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "FENUGREEK_001", |
| "crop": "Fenugreek", |
| "crop_hindi": "Methi", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Fenugreek Powdery Mildew", |
| "condition_hindi": "Methi ka Safed Churn Rog", |
| "symptoms": "White powdery spots on leaves and stems. Leaves turn yellow and dry. Erysiphe polygoni infection. Warm dry days with cool nights favour disease.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Sulphur 80%WP @ 3g/L OR Hexaconazole 5%EC @ 2ml/L. Two sprays at 10-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Sulphur 80%WP", |
| "dose_1": "3g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Hexaconazole 5%EC", |
| "dose_2": "2ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray on first symptom appearance. Continue at 10-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Avoid dense planting. Use tolerant varieties. Proper spacing for air circulation.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray sulphur above 35 degrees C. Do not spray in afternoon heat.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NHRDF 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GROUNDNUT_004", |
| "crop": "Groundnut", |
| "crop_hindi": "Moongfali", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Groundnut Late Leaf Spot and Rust", |
| "condition_hindi": "Moongfali ka Pachha Dhabba aur Rust", |
| "symptoms": "Late leaf spot: Dark brown to black circular spots on leaves, darker on upper surface. Rust: Orange to brown pustules on lower leaf surface. Both cause defoliation and significant yield loss.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Chlorothalonil 75%WP @ 2g/L OR Tebuconazole 25.9%EC @ 1ml/L. Three to four sprays at 15-day intervals from 45 DAS.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Tebuconazole 25.9%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre (effective for both leaf spot and rust)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "First spray at 45 days after sowing. Continue at 15-day intervals upto 75 DAS.", |
| "ipm": "Use resistant varieties: ICGV 86031, TAG-24. Remove infected debris after harvest.", |
| "do_not": "Do not skip sprays — late leaf spot and rust together can cause 50% yield loss. Do not spray in rain.", |
| "source": "ICAR-DGR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "BAJRA_002", |
| "crop": "Bajra", |
| "crop_hindi": "Bajra", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Bajra Downy Mildew (Green Ear Disease)", |
| "condition_hindi": "Bajra ka Green Ear Rog", |
| "symptoms": "Young plants systemically infected show chlorosis. Ear head transformed into leafy structures (green ear) — no grain formation. White downy growth on lower surface. Sclerospora graminicola. Seed and soil-borne.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment with Metalaxyl 35%WS @ 6g/kg seed. Destroy infected plants before sporulation. Ridomil (Metalaxyl-M) soil drench preventive if disease history.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl 35%WS", |
| "dose_1": "6g per kg seed (most critical control measure)", |
| "chemical_2": "Metalaxyl-M 4%+Mancozeb 64%WP", |
| "dose_2": "3g per litre soil drench if disease appears (500ml per plant)", |
| "spray_volume": "Seed treatment is primary. Soil drench if needed.", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment EVERY season before sowing. This is non-negotiable for bajra.", |
| "ipm": "Use resistant hybrids. Remove and destroy infected plants before ear emergence. Crop rotation.", |
| "do_not": "Do not plant bajra without Metalaxyl seed treatment if downy mildew was present before. Remove infected plants with roots before sporulation.", |
| "source": "ICAR-AICSMIP 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "APPLE_001", |
| "crop": "Apple", |
| "crop_hindi": "Seb", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Apple Scab", |
| "condition_hindi": "Seb ka Khurkura Rog", |
| "symptoms": "Olive-green to brown velvety spots on leaves and fruits. Infected fruits show cracked corky lesions. Fruit deformation. Venturia inaequalis. Cool wet spring weather favours disease.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Captan 50%WP @ 3g/L OR Myclobutanil 10%WP @ 1g/L OR Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L. Spray every 7-10 days during primary infection period (pink bud to petal fall).", |
| "chemical_1": "Captan 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "3g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Myclobutanil 10%WP", |
| "dose_2": "1g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "500 litres per acre (for full-size trees)", |
| "timing": "Pink bud stage to petal fall — most critical period. Continue at 10-day intervals after petal fall.", |
| "ipm": "Rake and destroy fallen infected leaves in autumn — removes primary inoculum. Prune to improve air circulation. Use scab-resistant varieties.", |
| "do_not": "Do not skip sprays during pink bud to petal fall period — this is critical for scab control. Alternate fungicide groups to prevent resistance.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CITH 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "APPLE_002", |
| "crop": "Apple", |
| "crop_hindi": "Seb", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Apple Wooly Aphid", |
| "condition_hindi": "Seb ka Uni Mahu", |
| "symptoms": "White cottony waxy mass on bark, branches and roots. Colonies under white wax. Gall formation on roots. Twig dieback. Eriosoma lanigerum.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Chlorpyriphos 20%EC @ 2.5ml/L OR Dimethoate 30%EC @ 1.7ml/L directly on white colonies. Trunk/stem painting with Chlorpyriphos emulsion for bark colonies.", |
| "chemical_1": "Chlorpyriphos 20%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2.5ml per litre (direct spray on colonies)", |
| "chemical_2": "Dimethoate 30%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1.7ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "500 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray when colonies first appear. Focus spray on bark cracks and colony sites.", |
| "ipm": "Release Aphelinus mali parasitoid — highly effective biological control. Do not disturb parasitoid colonies.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use broad-spectrum insecticides when Aphelinus mali parasitoids are active (they have yellow-black colouration versus white aphids).", |
| "source": "ICAR-CITH 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GRAPES_003", |
| "crop": "Grapes", |
| "crop_hindi": "Angoor", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Grapes Powdery Mildew", |
| "condition_hindi": "Angoor ka Safed Churn Rog", |
| "symptoms": "White powdery coating on young leaves, shoots and berries. Affected berries crack and develop rusty patches (russeting). Star cracking of young berries. Erysiphe necator (Uncinula necator).", |
| "treatment": "Spray Hexaconazole 5%EC @ 2ml/L OR Myclobutanil 10%WP @ 1g/L OR Sulphur 80%WP @ 3g/L. Seven to ten day spray schedule from bud burst.", |
| "chemical_1": "Hexaconazole 5%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Myclobutanil 10%WP", |
| "dose_2": "1g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "400 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Start spraying at bud burst. Continue every 10 days until berry development.", |
| "ipm": "Sulphur dusting 20kg/acre effective. Maintain clean canopy through pruning. Good air circulation.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray Sulphur above 35 degrees C. Do not use same DMI fungicide more than 3 consecutive sprays.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NRCG 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "MASOOR_001", |
| "crop": "Lentil", |
| "crop_hindi": "Masoor", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Lentil Stemphylium Blight", |
| "condition_hindi": "Masoor ka Stemphylium Jhadd Rog", |
| "symptoms": "Tan coloured spots with dark purple margin on leaves and stems. Spots coalesce causing blighting. Severe infection causes top drying (death of upper plant parts). Stemphylium botryosum.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Iprodione 50%WP @ 2g/L OR Chlorothalonil 75%WP @ 2g/L. Two to three sprays at 15-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Iprodione 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray when disease first appears. Continue at 15-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Use resistant varieties. Crop rotation. Avoid dense planting.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray in rain or early morning dew. Ensure good coverage.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "MASOOR_002", |
| "crop": "Lentil", |
| "crop_hindi": "Masoor", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Lentil Aphid", |
| "condition_hindi": "Masoor ka Mahu", |
| "symptoms": "Colonies of small soft-bodied insects on growing tips, leaves and pods. Leaf curling and stunting. Honeydew and sooty mould. Also transmits Bean Leaf Roll Virus.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Dimethoate 30%EC @ 1.7ml/L OR Thiamethoxam 25%WG @ 0.3g/L. One spray usually sufficient if done early.", |
| "chemical_1": "Dimethoate 30%EC", |
| "dose_1": "1.7ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Thiamethoxam 25%WG", |
| "dose_2": "0.3g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray when aphid colony appears on 25% plants. Do not wait for heavy infestation.", |
| "ipm": "Conserve ladybird beetles and lacewings. Yellow sticky traps. Light infestations do not need spraying.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray if natural enemies are abundant (lacewings, ladybird). Avoid broad-spectrum insecticides early in crop.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "SPINACH_001", |
| "crop": "Spinach", |
| "crop_hindi": "Palak", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Spinach Downy Mildew", |
| "condition_hindi": "Palak ka Downy Mildew", |
| "symptoms": "Yellow angular patches on upper leaf surface. Purple-grey downy growth on lower leaf surface. Leaves curl and die. Peronospora farinosa f.sp. spinaciae.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Metalaxyl-M 4%+Mancozeb 64%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Cymoxanil 8%+Mancozeb 64%WP @ 3g/L. Two sprays at 7-10 day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl-M 4%+Mancozeb 64%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Copper Oxychloride 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "3g per litre (post-harvest spray gap: check PHI)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray preventively in cool humid weather. At first symptom appearance.", |
| "ipm": "Adequate row spacing. Avoid overhead irrigation. Good drainage. Crop rotation.", |
| "do_not": "Observe pre-harvest interval strictly for leafy vegetables. Do not spray chemical fungicide within 7 days of harvest for spinach.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "MAIZE_005", |
| "crop": "Maize", |
| "crop_hindi": "Makka", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Maize Turcicum Leaf Blight", |
| "condition_hindi": "Makke ka Turcicum Jhulsa", |
| "symptoms": "Long elliptical greyish-green to tan lesions on leaves. Lesions up to 15cm long. Lesions develop from lower leaves upward. Severe infection causes complete defoliation. Exserohilum turcicum (Helminthosporium turcicum).", |
| "treatment": "Spray Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Zineb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L OR Propiconazole 25%EC @ 1ml/L. Two to three sprays at 15-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2.5g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Propiconazole 25%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray when first lesions appear. Continue at 15-day intervals during tasselling and grain fill.", |
| "ipm": "Use resistant hybrids. Remove infected crop debris. Crop rotation.", |
| "do_not": "Do not grow susceptible maize hybrids in high-humidity areas. Do not leave infected debris on field.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIMR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "MAIZE_006", |
| "crop": "Maize", |
| "crop_hindi": "Makka", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Maize Nitrogen and Zinc Management", |
| "condition_hindi": "Makke mein Naitrogen aur Zinc Prabandhan", |
| "symptoms": "Nitrogen deficiency: V-shaped yellowing starting from leaf tip on older leaves. Zinc deficiency: white/yellow striping on young leaves — white bud in severe cases.", |
| "treatment": "Nitrogen: 60-80kg N per acre in 3 splits (basal+knee high+tasselling). Zinc: 10kg Zinc Sulphate per acre basal OR 5g/L foliar spray if deficiency visible.", |
| "chemical_1": "Urea 46%N", |
| "dose_1": "Maize: 60-80kg N per acre total. Split: 1/3 basal, 1/3 at knee high, 1/3 at tasselling", |
| "chemical_2": "Zinc Sulphate 21%", |
| "dose_2": "10kg per acre as basal (every 3 years) OR 5g per litre foliar on zinc deficiency", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre for foliar zinc", |
| "timing": "Basal fertilizer at sowing. N top dress at 25-30 DAS and at 45-50 DAS. Zinc at sowing.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not apply all nitrogen at sowing — maximum loss by leaching. Split application is mandatory in maize for high yield.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIMR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "IRRIGATION_001", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Critical Irrigation Stages", |
| "condition_hindi": "Sinchai ke Mahatvapoorn Samay", |
| "symptoms": "Wilting during flowering or grain fill causes maximum yield loss. Soil moisture stress at wrong stages can reduce yield by 30-50%.", |
| "treatment": "Wheat critical stages: Crown Root Initiation (CRI at 21 DAS), Tillering, Jointing, Flowering, Milk stage — 5 irrigations. Rice: maintain 5cm standing water during vegetative, drain before harvest. Maize: knee high + tasselling + grain fill stages most critical.", |
| "chemical_1": None, |
| "dose_1": None, |
| "chemical_2": None, |
| "dose_2": None, |
| "spray_volume": None, |
| "timing": "Wheat: CRI irrigation at 21 DAS is most critical (never skip). Maize: tasselling to silk emergence is most critical. Cotton: boll formation to boll opening. Soybean: flowering to pod fill.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not irrigate wheat at ear emergence in strong wind (risk of lodging). Do not irrigate rice 10-15 days before harvest (improves milling quality). Never skip CRI irrigation in wheat.", |
| "source": "ICAR Water Technology Centre 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "HARVEST_001", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Harvest and Storage Practices", |
| "condition_hindi": "Katai aur Bhandaran", |
| "symptoms": "Late harvest causes shattering losses. Improper storage causes insect/fungal damage. Moisture above 12% causes heating and mould in grain storage.", |
| "treatment": "Harvest wheat at physiological maturity (golden yellow straw, grain hard). Dry grain to below 12% moisture before storage. Treat storage bins with Malathion 50%EC @ 1:100 (spray walls). For grain: Aluminium Phosphide (Celphos) fumigation 3 tablets per tonne under sealed conditions.", |
| "chemical_1": "Aluminium Phosphide 56%TB (Celphos)", |
| "dose_1": "3 tablets per tonne of grain — sealed storage fumigation for 5-7 days", |
| "chemical_2": "Malathion 50%EC", |
| "dose_2": "Diluted 1:100 — spray empty storage structure before filling", |
| "spray_volume": "As needed for storage treatment", |
| "timing": "Fumigate grain after ensuring moisture below 12%. Seal all openings before fumigation.", |
| "ipm": "Proper drying before storage. Clean storage structures. Neem leaf admixture in stored grain (effective for 3 months). Monitor with probe traps.", |
| "do_not": "Do not handle Aluminium Phosphide without mask and gloves — deadly gas. Do not open sealed store for 5-7 days after fumigation. Do not store grain above 12% moisture.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NCIPM Post-Harvest Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "TOMATO_005", |
| "crop": "Tomato", |
| "crop_hindi": "Tamatar", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Tomato Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)", |
| "condition_hindi": "Tamatar ka Phali Beedha Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Larvae bore into fruits leaving round entry holes. Larva inside feeds on seeds and fruit flesh. Frass visible at entry hole. Green fruits with entry holes turn brown and rot.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Emamectin Benzoate 5%SG @ 0.4g/L OR Spinosad 45%SC @ 0.3ml/L OR Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @ 0.4ml/L. Spray at egg laying start.", |
| "chemical_1": "Emamectin Benzoate 5%SG", |
| "dose_1": "0.4g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC", |
| "dose_2": "0.4ml per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray at first fruit set. Continue at 10-day intervals till harvest.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone (Helilure) traps 5/acre. Collect and destroy damaged fruits. NPV-H @ 250LE/acre. T-stakes 25/acre.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray synthetic pyrethroids alone as Helicoverpa shows high resistance. Do not spray within 2 days of harvest — observe PHI.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "CHILLI_003", |
| "crop": "Chilli", |
| "crop_hindi": "Mirchi", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Chilli Phytophthora Blight", |
| "condition_hindi": "Mirchi ka Phytophthora Jhulsa", |
| "symptoms": "Water-soaked dark brown lesions on stem at collar and branches. Rapid wilting and plant collapse. Dark chocolate-brown lesions on fruits and leaves. Phytophthora capsici. Favoured by waterlogging.", |
| "treatment": "Drench soil with Metalaxyl-M 4%+Mancozeb 64%WP @ 3g/L OR Dimethomorph 50%WP @ 1g/L. Foliar spray of same at 10-day intervals.", |
| "chemical_1": "Metalaxyl-M 4%+Mancozeb 64%WP", |
| "dose_1": "3g per litre (soil drench + foliar)", |
| "chemical_2": "Cymoxanil 8%+Mancozeb 64%WP", |
| "dose_2": "3g per litre (alternative)", |
| "spray_volume": "2 litres per plant for soil drench; 200 litres per acre foliar", |
| "timing": "On first symptom of wilting or lesion — act immediately. Continue every 10 days.", |
| "ipm": "Raised beds with excellent drainage. Avoid waterlogging strictly. Remove and destroy infected plants.", |
| "do_not": "Do not waterlog chilli — most susceptible crop to Phytophthora in waterlogged conditions. Do not transplant in low-lying areas.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "COTTON_006", |
| "crop": "Cotton", |
| "crop_hindi": "Kapas", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Bt Cotton Management - Key Practices", |
| "condition_hindi": "Bt Kapas ka Prabandhan", |
| "symptoms": "Bt cotton resistance development to bollworm. Secondary pests (mealybug, whitefly, mirid bug) becoming major problem in Bt cotton as bollworm pressure reduces but other pests emerge.", |
| "treatment": "Refuge crop management: Plant 5% non-Bt cotton as refuge to delay Bt resistance. For secondary pests: whitefly use Buprofezin OR Spiromesifen. Mealybug use Profenophos OR Buprofezin OR Imidacloprid soil application.", |
| "chemical_1": "Profenophos 50%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre (for mealybug and sucking pests)", |
| "chemical_2": "Buprofezin 25%SC", |
| "dose_2": "2ml per litre (for whitefly and mealybug)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Monitor weekly. Spray at economic threshold: 2 mealybug infested plants per 100 plants. 6 whitefly per leaf.", |
| "ipm": "Cryptolaemus montrouzieri beetle release 2500 per acre for mealybug biological control. Yellow sticky traps for whitefly.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray pyrethroid + organophosphate combination indiscriminately — disrupts natural enemies. Do not plant Bt cotton without refuge (5% non-Bt row).", |
| "source": "ICAR-CICR Bt Cotton Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "SOYBEAN_004", |
| "crop": "Soybean", |
| "crop_hindi": "Soyabean", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Soybean Charcoal Rot", |
| "condition_hindi": "Soyabean ka Koyla Sadd", |
| "symptoms": "Premature ripening of plants. Silver-grey to brown lesions on stem. Tiny black specks (microsclerotia) visible on stem surface and roots under bark. Plants die before maturity. Macrophomina phaseolina. Favoured by hot dry stress.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment with Carboxin 37.5%+Thiram 37.5%DS @ 3g/kg. Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg seed. No effective foliar spray post-infection.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carboxin 37.5%+Thiram 37.5%DS", |
| "dose_1": "3g per kg seed", |
| "chemical_2": "Trichoderma viride", |
| "dose_2": "5g per kg seed + 1kg per 100kg FYM soil application", |
| "spray_volume": "Seed treatment only", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Trichoderma soil application at planting.", |
| "ipm": "Avoid moisture stress during pod fill. Maintain adequate soil moisture. Crop rotation.", |
| "do_not": "Do not allow moisture stress during critical pod fill period — triggers charcoal rot. Do not grow soybean in same field for 2 years after severe outbreak.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IISR 2024", |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| "id": "JOWAR_001", |
| "crop": "Sorghum", |
| "crop_hindi": "Jowar", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Sorghum Shoot Fly", |
| "condition_hindi": "Jowar ki Shoot Makhi", |
| "symptoms": "Dead heart formation — central leaf dries while outer leaves remain green. Small white grubs found inside shoot. Atherigona soccata. Most damaging pest at seedling stage.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 70%WS @ 10g/kg seed OR soil application of Carbofuran 3G @ 8kg/acre at sowing. Spray Dimethoate 30%EC @ 1.7ml/L at 15 and 30 DAS.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 70%WS", |
| "dose_1": "10g per kg seed (seed treatment — most effective)", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbofuran 3G", |
| "dose_2": "8kg per acre (soil application at sowing in furrow)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre for foliar spray", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Soil insecticide at sowing. Foliar at 15 and 30 DAS.", |
| "ipm": "Early sowing avoids peak shoot fly population. Use tolerant varieties: CSV 15, ICSV 700. Maintain plant density.", |
| "do_not": "Do not delay sowing as late-sown crops suffer heavy shoot fly damage. Do not thin plants after shoot fly attack.", |
| "source": "ICAR-ICRISAT Sorghum 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "JOWAR_002", |
| "crop": "Sorghum", |
| "crop_hindi": "Jowar", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Sorghum Grain Mould", |
| "condition_hindi": "Jowar ka Dane Sadd", |
| "symptoms": "Pink, red, orange, black or white discolouration of grain at maturity stage. Shrivelled grain. Fusarium, Alternaria, Curvularia species. Humid weather at grain maturity stage favours disease. Quality and germination loss.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Propiconazole 25%EC @ 1ml/L OR Mancozeb 75%WP @ 2.5g/L at 50% head emergence and again 10 days later.", |
| "chemical_1": "Propiconazole 25%EC", |
| "dose_1": "1ml per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Mancozeb 75%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2.5g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray at 50% panicle emergence. Second spray 10 days later. Harvest before grain moisture goes below 20% in rainy season.", |
| "ipm": "Harvest at physiological maturity to avoid extended exposure to rain. Use mould-resistant varieties.", |
| "do_not": "Do not leave crop in field after grain maturity during rains. Harvest and dry promptly.", |
| "source": "ICAR-ICRISAT Sorghum 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "COWPEA_001", |
| "crop": "Cowpea", |
| "crop_hindi": "Lobia", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Cowpea Aphid and Pod Sucking Bugs", |
| "condition_hindi": "Lobia ka Mahu aur Phali Kira", |
| "symptoms": "Aphids on growing tips and undersides of leaves. Riptortus pedestris and Clavigralla pod sucking bugs cause shrivelled seeds. Puncture marks on pods. Mosaic virus transmitted by aphids.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Dimethoate 30%EC @ 1.7ml/L OR Thiamethoxam 25%WG @ 0.3g/L for aphids. For pod sucking bugs: Profenofos 50%EC @ 2ml/L OR Spinosad 45%SC @ 0.3ml/L at pod formation.", |
| "chemical_1": "Dimethoate 30%EC", |
| "dose_1": "1.7ml per litre (for aphids and sucking pests)", |
| "chemical_2": "Profenofos 50%EC", |
| "dose_2": "2ml per litre (for pod sucking bugs)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray for aphids at 30 DAS if colony present. Pod sucking bug spray at early pod formation.", |
| "ipm": "Pheromone traps. Conserve natural enemies. Hand pick pod bugs in small plots.", |
| "do_not": "Do not spray at flowering to protect pollinators. Observe pre-harvest intervals for all chemicals used.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "PAPAYA_001", |
| "crop": "Papaya", |
| "crop_hindi": "Papita", |
| "category": "viral", |
| "condition": "Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV)", |
| "condition_hindi": "Papita ka Ring Spot Virus", |
| "symptoms": "Mosaic and mottling on leaves. Yellow ring spots on fruits. Leaf distortion and shoestring symptom. Aphid-transmitted Potyvirus. Infected fruits unmarketable. No cure.", |
| "treatment": "Control aphid vector: Spray Imidacloprid 17.8%SL @ 0.5ml/L OR Mineral oil 2% (20ml/L). Remove infected plants immediately. No chemical treatment for PRSV.", |
| "chemical_1": "Imidacloprid 17.8%SL", |
| "dose_1": "0.5ml per litre (aphid vector control)", |
| "chemical_2": "Mineral Oil (white oil 83%EC)", |
| "dose_2": "20ml per litre (mineral oil disrupts aphid probing, reduces virus spread)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Preventive mineral oil spray every 10 days. Imidacloprid at first aphid appearance.", |
| "ipm": "Reflective silver mulch repels aphids. Remove and burn infected plants immediately. Plant papaya in isolation from infected fields.", |
| "do_not": "There is no cure for PRSV-infected plants. Remove immediately. Use virus-tested planting material. Do not save seed from mosaic-affected plants.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CISH 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "BITTERGOURD_002", |
| "crop": "Bitter Gourd", |
| "crop_hindi": "Karela", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Bitter Gourd Fruit Fly", |
| "condition_hindi": "Karele ki Makhi", |
| "symptoms": "Puncture marks on young fruits. Maggots inside causing rotting. Premature fruit drop. Bactrocera cucurbitae is the main cucurbit fruit fly. Affects all cucurbits.", |
| "treatment": "Methyl eugenol traps 1 per acre for male attractant (does NOT work for B. cucurbitae — use Cue-lure for cucurbit fly). Protein bait spray: Malathion 50%EC @ 2ml/L + Jaggery 10g/L on every 4th plant. Bag young fruits.", |
| "chemical_1": "Malathion 50%EC", |
| "dose_1": "2ml per litre with 10g jaggery per litre (protein bait — spot spray on 1 in 4 plants)", |
| "chemical_2": "Spinosad 0.015%bait", |
| "dose_2": "Ready-to-use bait station — 1 per 10 plants", |
| "spray_volume": "Spot spray only", |
| "timing": "Start bait stations at fruit set stage. Replace every 7-10 days.", |
| "ipm": "Cue-lure traps (NOT methyl eugenol) 1 per acre for cucurbit fruit fly monitoring. Collect and destroy fallen fruits daily.", |
| "do_not": "Do not broadcast spray insecticide — bait spray only. Methyl eugenol traps do NOT attract cucurbit fruit fly — use Cue-lure.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "CLIMATE_001", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Drought Stress Management", |
| "condition_hindi": "Sukha Prabandhan", |
| "symptoms": "Wilting, leaf rolling, premature senescence. Reduced grain fill. Soil cracking. Stunted growth.", |
| "treatment": "Apply anti-transpirants: Kaolin clay 5% OR Salicylic acid 100ppm @ 1g/10L foliar spray to reduce transpiration. Potassium application 5g/L foliar (K2SO4) improves drought tolerance. Mulching conserves moisture.", |
| "chemical_1": "Potassium Sulphate K2SO4", |
| "dose_1": "5g per litre as foliar spray during drought stress", |
| "chemical_2": "Salicylic Acid", |
| "dose_2": "1g per 10 litres (100ppm) as foliar spray — enhances stress tolerance", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Apply potassium and anti-transpirant at first sign of moisture stress or before predicted dry period.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not apply urea fertilizer during severe drought — root burn risk. Do not skip potassium in water-scarce areas — it is critical for drought tolerance.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CRIDA Drought Management 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "CLIMATE_002", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Flood and Waterlogging Recovery", |
| "condition_hindi": "Badh aur Jal Bharav ke Baad Sudhar", |
| "symptoms": "Yellowing after waterlogging (roots die from oxygen deprivation). Stunted growth. Root rot. Plants revive partially after water recedes.", |
| "treatment": "After water recedes: spray 1% Urea (10g/L) foliar + 0.5% Zinc Sulphate (5g/L) + 0.5% K2SO4 (5g/L) to restore nutrition. Apply Thiram 75%WP @ 2g/L soil drench for root disease prevention. Re-sow if seedlings less than 50% survived.", |
| "chemical_1": "Urea 46%N", |
| "dose_1": "10g per litre foliar (1% urea) as quick nutritional rescue after waterlogging", |
| "chemical_2": "Zinc Sulphate 21%", |
| "dose_2": "5g per litre foliar with Urea spray for nutritional recovery", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Apply rescue nutrition spray within 48 hours of water receding.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not apply granular fertilizer in wet soil immediately after flooding. Do not use heavy machinery on wet soil — compaction risk. Allow soil to dry before any tillage.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CRIDA Flood Recovery 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "WHEAT_006", |
| "crop": "Wheat", |
| "crop_hindi": "Gehu", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Wheat Karnal Bunt", |
| "condition_hindi": "Gehu ka Karnal Bunt", |
| "symptoms": "Partial bunting of wheat grains. Black powdery spore mass inside grains. Fishy odour due to trimethylamine. Only some grains in an ear affected. Tilletia indica. Export quality issue.", |
| "treatment": "Seed treatment with Carboxin 37.5%+Thiram 37.5%DS @ 3g/kg seed OR Tebuconazole 2%DS @ 1.5g/kg seed. Foliar spray of Propiconazole 25%EC @ 1ml/L at ear emergence.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carboxin 37.5%+Thiram 37.5%DS", |
| "dose_1": "3g per kg seed", |
| "chemical_2": "Propiconazole 25%EC", |
| "dose_2": "1ml per litre — foliar spray at ear emergence", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre for foliar", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Foliar spray at 50% ear emergence.", |
| "ipm": "Use certified disease-free seed. Avoid seed from Karnal bunt-affected fields. Hot water seed treatment 50 degrees C for 30 minutes.", |
| "do_not": "Do not sell or export wheat from Karnal bunt-affected area without certification. Do not use infected seed.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIWBR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "GRAM_004", |
| "crop": "Chickpea", |
| "crop_hindi": "Chana", |
| "category": "fungal", |
| "condition": "Chickpea Botrytis Grey Mould", |
| "condition_hindi": "Chane ka Botrytis Saand", |
| "symptoms": "Water-soaked brown lesions on stems, leaves, flowers, pods. Grey fluffy mould growth on lesions in humid conditions. Pods wither before pod fill. Botrytis cinerea. Favoured by cold humid weather.", |
| "treatment": "Spray Carbendazim 50%WP @ 1g/L OR Iprodione 50%WP @ 2g/L OR Thiophanate Methyl 70%WP @ 1g/L. Two sprays at 10-day intervals during humid period.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "1g per litre", |
| "chemical_2": "Iprodione 50%WP", |
| "dose_2": "2g per litre", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray at 50% flowering if humidity is high and fog present. Continue at 10-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": "Avoid dense planting. Maintain inter-row spacing for air movement. Avoid irrigation during flowering in humid weather.", |
| "do_not": "Do not irrigate in morning — wet conditions during day promote grey mould. Do not spray in fog or rain.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIPR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "IPM_001", |
| "crop": "All Crops", |
| "crop_hindi": "Sabhi Fasal", |
| "category": "insect", |
| "condition": "Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Approach", |
| "condition_hindi": "Samagra Keet Prabandhan", |
| "symptoms": "Recurring pest problems despite chemical sprays. Pest resistance to insecticides. Secondary pest outbreaks. High input costs.", |
| "treatment": "IPM sequence: (1) Cultural control — crop rotation, resistant varieties, timely sowing. (2) Mechanical control — pheromone traps, sticky traps, light traps. (3) Biological control — Trichogramma, Chrysoperla, NPV. (4) Chemical control — only at Economic Threshold Level (ETL). Rotate insecticide groups.", |
| "chemical_1": "Trichogramma chilonis", |
| "dose_1": "1.5 lakh cards per acre (5 releases, egg parasitoid for bollworm, stem borer)", |
| "chemical_2": "Chrysoperla carnea", |
| "dose_2": "10,000 larvae per acre (general predator for aphids, whitefly, small larvae)", |
| "spray_volume": "Release biocontrol agents early morning or late evening", |
| "timing": "Release biocontrol agents preventively at crop establishment. Chemical spray only at ETL.", |
| "ipm": "Light trap 1 per 4 acres. Pheromone traps as per crop pest. Yellow and blue sticky traps.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use broad-spectrum insecticides when biocontrol agents are active. Do not spray before ETL is reached. Do not mix insecticides of same group.", |
| "source": "ICAR-NCIPM IPM Guidelines 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "TOMATO_006", |
| "crop": "Tomato", |
| "crop_hindi": "Tamatar", |
| "category": "nutrition", |
| "condition": "Tomato Calcium Deficiency / Blossom End Rot", |
| "condition_hindi": "Tamatar ka Phulon Wala Galni", |
| "symptoms": "Water-soaked dark brown to black sunken area at blossom end (stylar end) of fruit. Affected tissue turns leathery. Not a pathogen — calcium deficiency or irregular water supply causes poor Ca uptake.", |
| "treatment": "Foliar spray Calcium Chloride 0.5% (5g/L) or Calcium Nitrate 0.5% (5g/L) at fruit setting stage. Three sprays at 7-day intervals. Maintain regular uniform irrigation — avoid drought-flood cycles.", |
| "chemical_1": "Calcium Chloride 77%", |
| "dose_1": "5g per litre (0.5%) as foliar spray at fruit set", |
| "chemical_2": "Calcium Nitrate 15.5%Ca", |
| "dose_2": "5g per litre as foliar spray (also provides nitrogen)", |
| "spray_volume": "200 litres per acre", |
| "timing": "Spray at fruit set. Two to three sprays at 7-day intervals.", |
| "ipm": None, |
| "do_not": "Do not over-water or allow drought stress during fruit set — causes calcium uptake irregularity. This is NOT a disease — do not spray fungicide for blossom end rot.", |
| "source": "ICAR-IIVR 2024", |
| }, |
| { |
| "id": "RICE_010", |
| "crop": "Rice", |
| "crop_hindi": "Dhan", |
| "category": "agronomy", |
| "condition": "Rice Nursery Management", |
| "condition_hindi": "Dhan ki Paudha Poshala", |
| "symptoms": "Poor nursery — seedlings yellowing, thin, weak. Damping off. Root rot in nursery.", |
| "treatment": "Nursery bed preparation: 1kg/sqm of Trichoderma viride + FYM. Seed treatment: Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg seed + Bavistin 50%WP @ 2g/kg seed. Broadcast 50g Carbofuran 3G per 10 sqm for nursery insects. Urea 50g per sqm as top dress at 10 and 20 days.", |
| "chemical_1": "Carbendazim (Bavistin) 50%WP", |
| "dose_1": "2g per kg seed — nursery seed treatment against damping off", |
| "chemical_2": "Carbofuran 3G", |
| "dose_2": "50g per 10 sqm nursery bed for leafhopper/mite control", |
| "spray_volume": "Nursery management — localized application", |
| "timing": "Seed treatment before sowing. Urea topdress at 10 DAS. Pull seedlings at 25-30 DAS for transplanting.", |
| "ipm": "Trichoderma + FYM bed preparation as standard practice. Dip seedling roots in chlorpyriphos 2.5ml/L for 30 min before transplanting to protect from early insects.", |
| "do_not": "Do not use high N in nursery — produces thick weak seedlings. Do not pull seedlings before 25 DAS. Do not flood nursery bed — maintain moist but not waterlogged.", |
| "source": "ICAR-CRRI 2024", |
| }, |
| ] |
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
|
| ICAR_KB = [] |
| for e in ICAR_KB_RAW: |
| e2 = dict(e) |
| e2["text"] = _make_text(e) |
| ICAR_KB.append(e2) |
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
|
| def get_by_crop(crop: str): |
| return [e for e in ICAR_KB if e["crop"].lower() == crop.lower()] |
|
|
| def get_by_category(cat: str): |
| return [e for e in ICAR_KB if e["category"].lower() == cat.lower()] |
|
|
| def get_by_id(entry_id: str): |
| for e in ICAR_KB: |
| if e["id"] == entry_id: |
| return e |
| return None |
|
|
| def keyword_search(query: str, top_k: int = 5): |
| """Simple keyword overlap search — fast pre-filter before FAISS.""" |
| q_lower = query.lower() |
| scored = [] |
| for e in ICAR_KB: |
| text = e["text"].lower() |
| |
| words = set(q_lower.split()) |
| text_words = set(text.split()) |
| overlap = len(words & text_words) |
| if overlap > 0: |
| scored.append((overlap, e)) |
| scored.sort(key=lambda x: -x[0]) |
| return [e for _, e in scored[:top_k]] |
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
|
| if __name__ == "__main__": |
| import subprocess, sys |
|
|
| DEST = "/home/hritikm15/Projects/rag_chatbot/icar_knowledge_base.py" |
| SRC = "/mnt/c/Users/studi/Desktop/icar_knowledge_base.py" |
|
|
| |
| result = subprocess.run( |
| ["wsl", "cp", SRC, DEST], |
| capture_output=True, text=True |
| ) |
| if result.returncode == 0: |
| print(f"✅ Copied to WSL: {DEST}") |
| else: |
| print(f"❌ Copy failed: {result.stderr}") |
| sys.exit(1) |
|
|
| |
| result2 = subprocess.run( |
| ["wsl", "bash", "-lc", f"python3 -m py_compile {DEST} && echo 'Syntax OK'"], |
| capture_output=True, text=True |
| ) |
| print(result2.stdout.strip() or result2.stderr.strip()) |
|
|
| |
| crops = set(e["crop"] for e in ICAR_KB) |
| cats = set(e["category"] for e in ICAR_KB) |
| print(f"\n📊 ICAR KB Stats:") |
| print(f" Total entries: {len(ICAR_KB)}") |
| print(f" Crops covered: {len(crops)} — {sorted(crops)}") |
| print(f" Categories: {sorted(cats)}") |
| print(f"\nNext step: python3 /mnt/c/Users/studi/Desktop/build_icar_index.py") |
|
|
