# Evaluation Framework V2 — Survey Reading List Benchmark

## Why the Old Eval Was Wrong

### The Problem

The V1/V2 evaluation tested: **"Can the model rank papers that were cited above papers that weren't?"**

Labels: `cited = 2, co-cited = 1, not cited = 0`

This produced inflated metrics (nDCG@10 = 0.919, MRR = 1.0) because:

1. **Easy negatives**: Random ANN results that happened not to be cited. Many of these are actually good recommendations.
2. **Binary signal**: All cited papers are equally "good" — no distinction between essential reading and passing mentions.
3. **Wrong task**: Predicting citations ≠ predicting what a user should read next.
4. **Model learned popularity**: The top feature (14,986 importance) is `candidate_num_cited_by`. The model is a citation counter.

### What This Means

The 0.919 nDCG@10 doesn't tell you "the model makes good recommendations." It tells you "highly-cited papers tend to be cited by other papers." That's trivially true and not useful.

---

## The New Eval: Survey Reading List Benchmark

### The Insight

Survey papers are **expert-curated reading lists**. When a survey author includes 200 citations organized into sections, they're telling you:
- Which papers are essential background (Related Work)
- Which papers provided tools/methods (Methods)
- Which papers are just context (Introduction)
- Which papers they **chose NOT to include** (the hard negatives)

This is the closest approximation to "what should a researcher read?" without having real user data.

### Data Source

[ines-besrour/unarxive_2024](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ines-besrour/unarxive_2024) — 2.28M full-text arXiv papers with:
- Section-level structure (Introduction, Related Work, Methods, etc.)
- Citation spans annotated with position and reference ID
- Bibliography entries with DOIs, arXiv IDs, and raw text
- Paper metadata (categories, dates, authors)

### Label Scheme (5-tier)

| Label | Meaning | Source Signal |
|-------|---------|--------------|
| **4** | Essential reading | Cited ≥3 times or ≥2× in Related Work section |
| **3** | Relevant work | Cited in Related Work section |
| **2** | Tool/method | Cited in Methods or Experiments section |
| **1** | Background | Cited only in Introduction |
| **0** | Hard negative | Same arXiv category, cited by OTHER surveys, but NOT this one |

### Why Hard Negatives Matter

A "hard negative" is a paper that:
- Is in the same field (same arXiv category)
- Is good enough that OTHER survey authors in the field cited it
- Was NOT included by THIS survey's author

This represents an **expert exclusion decision**. The author was likely aware of this paper and chose to leave it out. This is a much harder signal than "random paper from Qdrant that happened not to be cited."

### Time Split

- **Train surveys**: Published before 2023 (for training better models)
- **Eval surveys**: Published 2023+ (for honest evaluation)

This prevents temporal leakage: eval surveys reference newer papers.

---

## Metrics

| Metric | What It Tests | Old Eval Equivalent |
|--------|--------------|---------------------|
| **nDCG@10** | Overall ranking quality with graded relevance | nDCG@10 (but harder) |
| **nDCG@20** | Ranking quality at deeper positions | nDCG@20 |
| **Recall@10 (tier≥3)** | How many important papers are in top-10? | HR@10 (but stricter) |
| **MRR (tier≥3)** | Where does the first important paper appear? | MRR |
| **MAP** | Average precision across all positions | — (new) |
| **Hard Negative AUC** | Can model separate cited from expert-excluded? | — (new, most honest) |
| **Essential nDCG@10** | Can model find the must-read papers? | — (new, most important) |
| **Relevant nDCG@10** | Can model find Related Work papers? | — (new) |

### Key Metric: Hard Negative AUC

This is the single most honest metric. It answers: **"If you give the model a paper that was cited by a survey expert and one that was excluded, can it tell which is which?"**

- **0.5** = random (model has no signal)
- **0.7** = decent (better than popularity)
- **0.8+** = strong (model understands relevance beyond citations)
- **1.0** = perfect

Your current model's hard_neg_auc will likely be 0.55-0.65 because it's essentially a citation counter.

---

## Expected Results

| Model | nDCG@10 | Hard Neg AUC | Essential nDCG@10 |
|-------|---------|--------------|-------------------|
| Random | ~0.30 | 0.50 | ~0.25 |
| Citation Count (popularity) | ~0.45 | ~0.60 | ~0.40 |
| LightGBM V2 (current) | ~0.50 | ~0.62 | ~0.45 |
| LightGBM V3 (reading-path labels) | ~0.65+ | ~0.75+ | ~0.60+ |
| Cross-encoder | ~0.70+ | ~0.80+ | ~0.65+ |
| Oracle (perfect) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |

These are estimates. The actual numbers from running the eval will be the ground truth.

---

## Pipeline

```
scripts/04_extract_survey_reading_lists.py
  ↓ (processes unarXive 2024, finds CS surveys, extracts section-annotated citations)
eval_v2/eval_survey_reading_lists.parquet + train_survey_reading_lists.parquet
  ↓ (used by evaluation script)
scripts/05_evaluate_on_surveys.py
  ↓ (runs models against eval data, reports metrics)
eval_v2/eval_results.json
```

## Files

| File | Location | Purpose |
|------|----------|---------|
| `scripts/04_extract_survey_reading_lists.py` | Model repo | Extract eval data from unarXive |
| `scripts/05_evaluate_on_surveys.py` | Model repo | Run evaluation |
| `eval_v2/eval_survey_reading_lists.parquet` | Dataset repo | Eval data (2023+ surveys) |
| `eval_v2/train_survey_reading_lists.parquet` | Dataset repo | Training data (pre-2023 surveys) |
| `eval_v2/eval_metadata.json` | Dataset repo | Stats and documentation |
| `EVAL_V2_DESIGN.md` | Model repo | This document |

## Running

```bash
# Step 1: Extract (run as HF job, needs ~50GB disk, 2-3hr CPU)
python scripts/04_extract_survey_reading_lists.py \
  --max-surveys 1000 --min-citations 20 --push-to-hub

# Step 2: Evaluate (quick, <5min)
python scripts/05_evaluate_on_surveys.py \
  --eval-file eval_v2_data/eval_survey_reading_lists.parquet \
  --baselines-only

# Step 3: Evaluate your model (needs Qdrant + Turso)
python scripts/05_evaluate_on_surveys.py \
  --eval-file eval_v2_data/eval_survey_reading_lists.parquet \
  --model-file production_model/reranker_v2.txt \
  --qdrant-url $QDRANT_URL --qdrant-api-key $QDRANT_API_KEY \
  --turso-url $TURSO_URL --turso-token $TURSO_DB_TOKEN
```