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  license: cc-by-4.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ language:
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+ - bn
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  license: cc-by-4.0
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+ library_name: transformers
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+ pipeline_tag: fill-mask
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+ tags:
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+ - bengali
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+ - bangla
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+ - BnLM-F
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+ - bnlm
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+ - bangla-model
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+ - small-bangla-model
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+ - bengali-nlp
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+ - bnlp
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+ - low-resource
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+ - masked-language-modeling
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+ - pretrained
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+ - language-model
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+ - distilbert
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+ datasets:
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+ - nahid-hub/B-CORE-bengali-corpus
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+ model-index:
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+ - name: BnLM-F
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+ results: []
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  ---
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+
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+ # BnLM-F: Bangla Language Model (135M)
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+
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+ **BnLM-F** is a 135M-parameter Bangla-specific pretrained language model, one of three models in the **BnLM** suite (**B**e**n**gali **L**anguage **M**odel) introduced alongside the **BLUGE** benchmark and **B-CORE** pretraining corpus. BnLM models are pretrained from scratch on Bangla text using the Masked Language Modeling (MLM) objective, and are designed for efficient, low-resource NLP without relying on large multilingual models.
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+
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+ See the [BLUGE collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/nahid-hub/bluge) for the full release — evaluation tasks, pretraining corpus, tokenizers, and all three BnLM variants (BnLM-F, BnLM-M, BnLM-C).
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+
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+ ## Model Details
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+
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+ | | |
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+ |---|---|
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+ | Base architecture | DistilBERT-multilingual |
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+ | Parameters | 135M |
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+ | Tokenizer | Custom Bangla WordPiece, 120K vocabulary |
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+ | Objective | Masked Language Modeling (MLM) |
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+ | Max sequence length | 512 tokens |
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+ | Pretraining data | [B-CORE](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nahid-hub/B-CORE-bengali-corpus) — 4.32B tokens, 52GB |
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+
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+ Despite its compact size, BnLM-F achieves state-of-the-art results across BLUGE and four cross-lingual/Indic benchmarks, while requiring 44–91% fewer FLOPs and ~2x faster inference than competitive multilingual baselines. Full training configuration and hyperparameters are available in the paper.
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+
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+ ## Usage
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+
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+ ### Fine-tuning for sentiment classification
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+
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+ Example using [BLUGE-TSC](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nahid-hub/BLUGE-bengali-sentiment-classification):
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSequenceClassification
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+ import torch
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+
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+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("nahid-hub/BnLM-F-135m")
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+ model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
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+ "nahid-hub/BnLM-F-135m",
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+ num_labels=3 # 0: neutral, 1: positive, 2: negative
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+ )
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+
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+ text = "খাবারটা অসাধারণ ছিল, আমি খুব খুশি!"
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+ inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, max_length=512)
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+
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+ with torch.no_grad():
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+ logits = model(**inputs).logits
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+
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+ predicted_class = logits.argmax(dim=-1).item()
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+ labels = {0: "neutral", 1: "positive", 2: "negative"}
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+ print(labels[predicted_class])
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+ ```
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+
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+ > Note: `AutoModelForSequenceClassification` attaches a randomly initialized classification head on top of the pretrained BnLM-F encoder — you'll need to fine-tune on labeled data (e.g. BLUGE-TSC) before this produces meaningful predictions. Skip straight to inference only if loading your own fine-tuned checkpoint.
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+
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+ ### Loading the base model (for masked-language-modeling or custom heads)
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForMaskedLM
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+
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+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("nahid-hub/BnLM-F-135m")
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+ model = AutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("nahid-hub/BnLM-F-135m")
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Training Data
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+
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+ Pretrained exclusively on **B-CORE**, a 16.5M-document, 4.32-billion-token Bangla corpus built via a reproducible multi-stage pipeline achieving a 22.4% reduction in corpus volume through quality filtering and cross-corpus deduplication.
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+
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+ ## Evaluation
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+
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+ Evaluated on **BLUGE** (7-task Bangla NLU benchmark) and 4 cross-lingual/Indic benchmarks. See the paper for full results tables.
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+
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+ | Task | Metric | Score |
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+ |---|---|---|
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+ | [fill in from your paper's results tables] | | |
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+
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+ ## Related Models
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+
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+ - [BnLM-M](https://huggingface.co/nahid-hub/BnLM-M-135m) — 135M parameters, larger-vocabulary variant tuned for different training regime
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+ - [BnLM-C](https://huggingface.co/nahid-hub/BnLM-C-66m) — 66M parameters, compact variant with 30.5K-vocabulary tokenizer
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+
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+ ## Limitations
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+
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+ [e.g. domain coverage of B-CORE, max sequence length, any known biases — fill in from your paper's limitations section]
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+
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+ ## License
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+
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+ Released under **CC BY 4.0**.
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+
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+ If you use this model, please cite:
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @ARTICLE{BnLM-BLUGE-B-CORE,
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+ author={Hossain, Nahid and Faisal Kabir, Md.},
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+ journal={IEEE Access},
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+ title={Efficient Monolingual Pretraining in Low-Resource Settings Through Morphology-Aware Tokenization, Principled Corpus Denoising, and Benchmark-Driven Evaluation},
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+ year={2026},
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+ volume={14},
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+ number={},
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+ pages={91979-92003},
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+ keywords={Modeling;Multilingual;Training;Cleaning;Vocabulary;Labeling;Tokenization;Computational linguistics;Pipelines;Conferences;B-CORE;BLUGE;BnLM;corpus;evaluation benchmark;pretrained models},
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+ doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3701520}
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+ }
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+ ```