---
license: apache-2.0
base_model:
  - ibm-granite/granite-4.0-h-1b
  - ibm-granite/granite-4.0-h-350m
tags:
  - apple
  - coreai
  - aimodel
  - on-device
  - granite
  - mamba2
---

# Granite 4.0-H 1B / 350M — Apple Core AI (`.aimodel`)

IBM Granite 4.0-H (Mamba2 + attention hybrid; 1b: 36 Mamba2 mixers + 4 NoPE GQA attention
layers) converted to Apple **Core AI** for iOS 27 / macOS 27 (beta), riding Apple's
**`coreai-pipelined` GPU engine** via the decode-only loop-free export — async encode,
on-GPU argmax sampling, on-device KV growth, zero custom kernels.

**The first SSM-scan architecture on this path**: at S=1 the Mamba2 selective scan is a
single recurrence step (no `while_loop` in the graph), and the conv/SSM states ride as two
fixed-shape extra states — the same shape-class as Qwen3.5's GDN, so no engine changes
beyond the existing patch stack.

| surface | bundle | prefill (S=1) | decode |
|---|---|---:|---:|
| **1b int8hu (int8 head), iPhone 17 Pro** (one-shot runner) — device ship | 1.79 GB | 35.1–37.0 | **35.4–37.1 tok/s** |
| 1b int8hu (int8 head), M4 Max | 1.79 GB | 134.9 | 134.2 tok/s |
| **1b int8lin, M4 Max** (release `llm-benchmark`, p=128 g=256) — Mac ship | 1.63 GB | 136.7 | **136.5 tok/s** |
| 1b int8lin, iPhone 17 Pro (one-shot runner) | 1.63 GB | 30.1–32.2 | **30.2–31.3 tok/s** |
| 350m fp16, M4 Max | 0.66 GB | 193.2 | **191.1 tok/s** |

Numerics: **16/16 teacher-forced single-step top-1 vs the fp32 HF oracle + HF-cache-seeded
decode step** (the [zoo](https://github.com/john-rocky/coreai-model-zoo) ship gate, on an
oracle whose top-2 margin is ≥ 0.1 at every position), and the iPhone greedy sequences are
**24/24 token-identical to the Mac GPU** on both fixed prompts, both runs.

## Bundles

- `gpu-pipelined/granite_4_0_h_1b_decode_int8hu_block32_sym/` — int8lin + the tied lm_head
  untied and quantized **absmax per-block-32 int8** (`symmetric`, no clipping — clipping
  corrupts big-vocab heads), 1.79 GB. **The device ship: +17–21% decode on iPhone** (the head
  was ~10% of the per-token read on the bandwidth-saturated surface; on the Mac it is ~flat,
  the engine pipeline hides the head there). Oracle gate 16/16 + decode step; device numerics
  24/24 ≡ Mac-GPU on all 3 runs. (Do not re-quantize heads per-channel: per-channel axis-0
  int8 is broken on the current beta GPU delegate — garbage logits.)
- `gpu-pipelined/granite_4_0_h_1b_decode_int8lin/` — full LanguageBundle (`metadata.json` +
  `tokenizer/` + `.aimodel`), **int8 linear per-block-32** (scale-multiply dequant, no LUT),
  fp16 embed + tied lm_head in-graph, 1.63 GB. The Mac ship configuration (136.5 vs 134.2)
  and the lighter iPhone alternative.
- `gpu-pipelined/granite_4_0_h_350m_decode_fp16/` — the 350m as fp16, 0.66 GB. At this size
  the model is overhead-bound, not bandwidth-bound: int8 measured *slower* than fp16 (185.8
  vs 191.1) **and** fails the oracle gate (`shared_mlp.output_linear` is block-32-sensitive),
  so the 350m ships fp16.

`input_ids` is STATIC `[1,1]` (the selective scan at S=1 ≡ one loop-free recurrence step);
position_ids + KV seq stay dynamic, so `EngineFactory` classifies the bundle dynamic →
pipelined engine. States: growing KV (4 attention layers) + conv columns `[36,1,conv_dim,3]`
+ SSM state `[36,1,48,64,128]` (fixed shape, carried by the extra-states patch).

## Run

Needs the engine patch stack from the
[zoo](https://github.com/john-rocky/coreai-model-zoo) (`apps/coreai-shared-product.patch` →
`apps/coreai-pipelined-extra-states.patch`; Apple's repo is issues-only, so capabilities ship
as patches), then:

```bash
COREAI_CHUNK_THRESHOLD=1 llm-benchmark --model granite_4_0_h_1b_decode_int8lin -p 128 -g 256 -n 3
```

- `COREAI_CHUNK_THRESHOLD=1` **before engine creation** — prefill runs as pipelined S=1 steps
  (prompt tok/s ≈ decode tok/s).
- **Never call `engine.warmup()`** — it warms query length 256 and the static `[1,1]` graph
  rejects it. A 1-token generate after load is the warmup (`llm-runner` needs
  `--warmup exact --warmup-length 1`).
- Benchmark **Release** builds only (a Debug engine measures ~3× slow).

## iPhone

The 1b int8lin runs at **~31 tok/s ≈ ~84% of the naive bandwidth ceiling** (~60 GB/s ÷
1.6 GB/token ≈ 37) on an iPhone 17 Pro — effectively memory-bandwidth saturated; the SSM
scan costs nothing extra at S=1. Cold GPU specialization **5.7 s**, warm loads **1.9 s**
(content-keyed cache — no AOT compile needed, and at 1.6 GB no increased-memory entitlement
is required, unlike 2B-class bundles).

## Reproduce

Conversion script (self-contained) + method page in the zoo:
[`conversion/export_granite4h_decode_pipelined.py`](https://github.com/john-rocky/coreai-model-zoo/blob/main/conversion/export_granite4h_decode_pipelined.py)
(`int8lin`, or `fp16 --hf-id ibm-granite/granite-4.0-h-350m`) ·
[`zoo/granite-4.0-h.md`](https://github.com/john-rocky/coreai-model-zoo/blob/main/zoo/granite-4.0-h.md)
(includes the 350m int8 post-mortem and the oracle-margin rule) ·
[`knowledge/pipelined-engine.md`](https://github.com/john-rocky/coreai-model-zoo/blob/main/knowledge/pipelined-engine.md)

## License

Model weights: **Apache-2.0** (IBM Granite; `LICENSE` included). Conversion code: BSD-3-Clause
(see the zoo).