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Mirror of handy-computer/whisper-base-gguf (whisper-base-Q8_0.gguf)

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+ whisper-base-F16.gguf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ whisper-base-F32.gguf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ whisper-base-Q4_K_M.gguf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ whisper-base-Q5_K_M.gguf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ whisper-base-Q6_K.gguf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ whisper-base-Q8_0.gguf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
README.md ADDED
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+ ---
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+ license: apache-2.0
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+ base_model: openai/whisper-base
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+ base_model_relation: quantized
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+ library_name: transcribe.cpp
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+ pipeline_tag: automatic-speech-recognition
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ - zh
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+ - de
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+ - es
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+ - ru
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+ - ko
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+ - fr
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+ - ja
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+ - pt
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+ - tr
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+ - pl
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+ - ca
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+ - nl
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+ - ar
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+ - sv
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+ - it
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+ - id
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+ - hi
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+ - fi
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+ - vi
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+ - he
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+ - uk
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+ - el
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+ - ms
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+ - cs
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+ - ro
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+ - da
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+ - hu
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+ - ta
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+ - no
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+ - th
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+ - ur
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+ - hr
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+ - bg
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+ - lt
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+ - la
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+ - mi
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+ - ml
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+ - cy
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+ - sk
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+ - te
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+ - fa
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+ - lv
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+ - bn
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+ - sr
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+ - az
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+ - sl
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+ - kn
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+ - et
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+ - mk
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+ - br
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+ - eu
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+ - is
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+ - hy
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+ - ne
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+ - mn
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+ - bs
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+ - kk
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+ - sq
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+ - sw
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+ - gl
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+ - mr
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+ - pa
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+ - si
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+ - km
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+ - sn
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+ - yo
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+ - so
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+ - af
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+ - oc
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+ - ka
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+ - be
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+ - tg
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+ - sd
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+ - gu
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+ - am
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+ - yi
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+ - lo
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+ - uz
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+ - fo
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+ - ht
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+ - ps
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+ - tk
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+ - nn
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+ - mt
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+ - sa
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+ - lb
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+ - my
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+ - bo
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+ - tl
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+ - mg
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+ - as
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+ - tt
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+ - haw
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+ - ln
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+ - ha
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+ - ba
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+ - jw
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+ - su
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+ tags:
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+ - gguf
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+ - transcribe.cpp
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+ - asr
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+ - speech-to-text
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+ - whisper
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+ - openai
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+ transcribe_cpp:
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+ wer_librispeech_test_clean:
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+ f32: 5.1
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+ f16: 5.1
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+ q8_0: 5.12
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+ q6_k: 5.12
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+ q5_k_m: 5.19
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+ q4_k_m: 5.36
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+ rtf_m4_max:
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+ metal: 209.4
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+ cpu: 36.6
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+ rtf_ryzen_4750u:
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+ vulkan: 34.8
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+ cpu: 11.9
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+ streaming: false
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+ translate: true
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+ lang_detect: true
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+ timestamps: segment
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+ ---
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+
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+ # whisper-base: transcribe.cpp GGUF
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+
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+ GGUF conversions of [openai/whisper-base](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-base) for use
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+ with [transcribe.cpp](https://github.com/handy-computer/transcribe.cpp).
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+
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+ Ported from upstream commit
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+ [e37978b](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-base/commit/e37978b),
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+ pinned 2026-04-25.
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+ Validated against the transformers reference at transcribe.cpp commit
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+ [5.6.1](https://github.com/handy-computer/transcribe.cpp/tree/5.6.1)
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+ on 2026-04-26.
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+
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+ OpenAI Whisper base — converted to GGUF for transcribe.cpp. Multilingual transcription, language detection, and speech translation (audio in any supported language → English text). Encoder-decoder transformer; 30-second windows with chunked long-form decoding.
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+
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+
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+ ## Downloads
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+
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+ | Quantization | Download | Size | WER (LibriSpeech test-clean) |
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+ | --- | --- | ---: | ---: |
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+ | F32 | [whisper-base-F32.gguf](https://huggingface.co/handy-computer/whisper-base-gguf/resolve/main/whisper-base-F32.gguf) | 279 MB | 5.10% |
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+ | F16 | [whisper-base-F16.gguf](https://huggingface.co/handy-computer/whisper-base-gguf/resolve/main/whisper-base-F16.gguf) | 144 MB | 5.10% |
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+ | Q8_0 | [whisper-base-Q8_0.gguf](https://huggingface.co/handy-computer/whisper-base-gguf/resolve/main/whisper-base-Q8_0.gguf) | 81 MB | 5.12% |
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+ | Q6_K | [whisper-base-Q6_K.gguf](https://huggingface.co/handy-computer/whisper-base-gguf/resolve/main/whisper-base-Q6_K.gguf) | 65 MB | 5.12% |
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+ | Q5_K_M | [whisper-base-Q5_K_M.gguf](https://huggingface.co/handy-computer/whisper-base-gguf/resolve/main/whisper-base-Q5_K_M.gguf) | 61 MB | 5.19% |
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+ | Q4_K_M | [whisper-base-Q4_K_M.gguf](https://huggingface.co/handy-computer/whisper-base-gguf/resolve/main/whisper-base-Q4_K_M.gguf) | 56 MB | 5.36% |
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+
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+ WER measured on the full LibriSpeech test-clean split (2620 utterances) with the transcribe.cpp default decode (greedy, suppress_tokens, temperature fallback, segment timestamps enabled). OpenAI's self-reported number on the same split is 5.009%. We don't know upstream's exact eval config, but the most likely cause of any divergence is that OpenAI's `model.generate()` defaults to `<|notimestamps|>` while transcribe.cpp's pipeline runs with timestamps enabled. Numbers come from a single Metal-backed run; Metal's non-deterministic parallel reductions can shift corpus WER by ~0.1pp between runs, mostly driven by short-clip hallucination outcomes on the noise floor.
161
+
162
+
163
+ ## Usage
164
+
165
+ Build transcribe.cpp from source:
166
+
167
+ ```bash
168
+ git clone git@github.com:handy-computer/transcribe.cpp.git
169
+ cd transcribe.cpp
170
+ cmake -B build && cmake --build build
171
+ ```
172
+
173
+ Run on a 16 kHz mono WAV:
174
+
175
+ ```bash
176
+ build/bin/transcribe-cli \
177
+ -m whisper-base-Q8_0.gguf \
178
+ input.wav
179
+ ```
180
+
181
+ If your audio isn't already 16 kHz mono WAV, convert it first:
182
+
183
+ ```bash
184
+ ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -ar 16000 -ac 1 output.wav
185
+ ```
186
+
187
+ See the [transcribe.cpp model page](https://github.com/handy-computer/transcribe.cpp/blob/main/docs/models/whisper-base.md) for performance
188
+ numbers, numerical validation, and reproduction steps.
189
+
190
+ ## License
191
+
192
+ Inherited from the base model: **Apache-2.0**. See the
193
+ [upstream model card](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-base) for full terms.
194
+
195
+ ---
196
+
197
+ ## Original Model Card
198
+
199
+ > The section below is reproduced from
200
+ > [openai/whisper-base](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-base) at commit
201
+ > `e37978b` for offline reference. The upstream card is the
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+ > authoritative source.
203
+
204
+ # Whisper
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+
206
+ Whisper is a pre-trained model for automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speech translation. Trained on 680k hours
207
+ of labelled data, Whisper models demonstrate a strong ability to generalise to many datasets and domains **without** the need
208
+ for fine-tuning.
209
+
210
+ Whisper was proposed in the paper [Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervision](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.04356)
211
+ by Alec Radford et al from OpenAI. The original code repository can be found [here](https://github.com/openai/whisper).
212
+
213
+ **Disclaimer**: Content for this model card has partly been written by the Hugging Face team, and parts of it were
214
+ copied and pasted from the original model card.
215
+
216
+ ## Model details
217
+
218
+ Whisper is a Transformer based encoder-decoder model, also referred to as a _sequence-to-sequence_ model.
219
+ It was trained on 680k hours of labelled speech data annotated using large-scale weak supervision.
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+
221
+ The models were trained on either English-only data or multilingual data. The English-only models were trained
222
+ on the task of speech recognition. The multilingual models were trained on both speech recognition and speech
223
+ translation. For speech recognition, the model predicts transcriptions in the *same* language as the audio.
224
+ For speech translation, the model predicts transcriptions to a *different* language to the audio.
225
+
226
+ Whisper checkpoints come in five configurations of varying model sizes.
227
+ The smallest four are trained on either English-only or multilingual data.
228
+ The largest checkpoints are multilingual only. All ten of the pre-trained checkpoints
229
+ are available on the [Hugging Face Hub](https://huggingface.co/models?search=openai/whisper). The
230
+ checkpoints are summarised in the following table with links to the models on the Hub:
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+
232
+ | Size | Parameters | English-only | Multilingual |
233
+ |----------|------------|------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
234
+ | tiny | 39 M | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-tiny.en) | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-tiny) |
235
+ | base | 74 M | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-base.en) | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-base) |
236
+ | small | 244 M | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-small.en) | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-small) |
237
+ | medium | 769 M | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-medium.en) | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-medium) |
238
+ | large | 1550 M | x | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-large) |
239
+ | large-v2 | 1550 M | x | [✓](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-large-v2) |
240
+
241
+ # Usage
242
+
243
+ To transcribe audio samples, the model has to be used alongside a [`WhisperProcessor`](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/whisper#transformers.WhisperProcessor).
244
+
245
+ The `WhisperProcessor` is used to:
246
+ 1. Pre-process the audio inputs (converting them to log-Mel spectrograms for the model)
247
+ 2. Post-process the model outputs (converting them from tokens to text)
248
+
249
+ The model is informed of which task to perform (transcription or translation) by passing the appropriate "context tokens". These context tokens
250
+ are a sequence of tokens that are given to the decoder at the start of the decoding process, and take the following order:
251
+ 1. The transcription always starts with the `<|startoftranscript|>` token
252
+ 2. The second token is the language token (e.g. `<|en|>` for English)
253
+ 3. The third token is the "task token". It can take one of two values: `<|transcribe|>` for speech recognition or `<|translate|>` for speech translation
254
+ 4. In addition, a `<|notimestamps|>` token is added if the model should not include timestamp prediction
255
+
256
+ Thus, a typical sequence of context tokens might look as follows:
257
+ ```
258
+ <|startoftranscript|> <|en|> <|transcribe|> <|notimestamps|>
259
+ ```
260
+ Which tells the model to decode in English, under the task of speech recognition, and not to predict timestamps.
261
+
262
+ These tokens can either be forced or un-forced. If they are forced, the model is made to predict each token at
263
+ each position. This allows one to control the output language and task for the Whisper model. If they are un-forced,
264
+ the Whisper model will automatically predict the output langauge and task itself.
265
+
266
+ The context tokens can be set accordingly:
267
+
268
+ ```python
269
+ model.config.forced_decoder_ids = WhisperProcessor.get_decoder_prompt_ids(language="english", task="transcribe")
270
+ ```
271
+
272
+ Which forces the model to predict in English under the task of speech recognition.
273
+
274
+ ## Transcription
275
+
276
+ ### English to English
277
+ In this example, the context tokens are 'unforced', meaning the model automatically predicts the output language
278
+ (English) and task (transcribe).
279
+
280
+ ```python
281
+ >>> from transformers import WhisperProcessor, WhisperForConditionalGeneration
282
+ >>> from datasets import load_dataset
283
+
284
+ >>> # load model and processor
285
+ >>> processor = WhisperProcessor.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-base")
286
+ >>> model = WhisperForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-base")
287
+ >>> model.config.forced_decoder_ids = None
288
+
289
+ >>> # load dummy dataset and read audio files
290
+ >>> ds = load_dataset("hf-internal-testing/librispeech_asr_dummy", "clean", split="validation")
291
+ >>> sample = ds[0]["audio"]
292
+ >>> input_features = processor(sample["array"], sampling_rate=sample["sampling_rate"], return_tensors="pt").input_features
293
+
294
+ >>> # generate token ids
295
+ >>> predicted_ids = model.generate(input_features)
296
+ >>> # decode token ids to text
297
+ >>> transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids, skip_special_tokens=False)
298
+ ['<|startoftranscript|><|en|><|transcribe|><|notimestamps|> Mr. Quilter is the apostle of the middle classes and we are glad to welcome his gospel.<|endoftext|>']
299
+
300
+ >>> transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
301
+ [' Mr. Quilter is the apostle of the middle classes and we are glad to welcome his gospel.']
302
+ ```
303
+ The context tokens can be removed from the start of the transcription by setting `skip_special_tokens=True`.
304
+
305
+ ### French to French
306
+ The following example demonstrates French to French transcription by setting the decoder ids appropriately.
307
+
308
+ ```python
309
+ >>> from transformers import WhisperProcessor, WhisperForConditionalGeneration
310
+ >>> from datasets import Audio, load_dataset
311
+
312
+ >>> # load model and processor
313
+ >>> processor = WhisperProcessor.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-base")
314
+ >>> model = WhisperForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-base")
315
+ >>> forced_decoder_ids = processor.get_decoder_prompt_ids(language="french", task="transcribe")
316
+
317
+ >>> # load streaming dataset and read first audio sample
318
+ >>> ds = load_dataset("common_voice", "fr", split="test", streaming=True)
319
+ >>> ds = ds.cast_column("audio", Audio(sampling_rate=16_000))
320
+ >>> input_speech = next(iter(ds))["audio"]
321
+ >>> input_features = processor(input_speech["array"], sampling_rate=input_speech["sampling_rate"], return_tensors="pt").input_features
322
+
323
+ >>> # generate token ids
324
+ >>> predicted_ids = model.generate(input_features, forced_decoder_ids=forced_decoder_ids)
325
+ >>> # decode token ids to text
326
+ >>> transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids)
327
+ ['<|startoftranscript|><|fr|><|transcribe|><|notimestamps|> Un vrai travail intéressant va enfin être mené sur ce sujet.<|endoftext|>']
328
+
329
+ >>> transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
330
+ [' Un vrai travail intéressant va enfin être mené sur ce sujet.']
331
+ ```
332
+
333
+ ## Translation
334
+ Setting the task to "translate" forces the Whisper model to perform speech translation.
335
+
336
+ ### French to English
337
+
338
+ ```python
339
+ >>> from transformers import WhisperProcessor, WhisperForConditionalGeneration
340
+ >>> from datasets import Audio, load_dataset
341
+
342
+ >>> # load model and processor
343
+ >>> processor = WhisperProcessor.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-base")
344
+ >>> model = WhisperForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-base")
345
+ >>> forced_decoder_ids = processor.get_decoder_prompt_ids(language="french", task="translate")
346
+
347
+ >>> # load streaming dataset and read first audio sample
348
+ >>> ds = load_dataset("common_voice", "fr", split="test", streaming=True)
349
+ >>> ds = ds.cast_column("audio", Audio(sampling_rate=16_000))
350
+ >>> input_speech = next(iter(ds))["audio"]
351
+ >>> input_features = processor(input_speech["array"], sampling_rate=input_speech["sampling_rate"], return_tensors="pt").input_features
352
+
353
+ >>> # generate token ids
354
+ >>> predicted_ids = model.generate(input_features, forced_decoder_ids=forced_decoder_ids)
355
+ >>> # decode token ids to text
356
+ >>> transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
357
+ [' A very interesting work, we will finally be given on this subject.']
358
+ ```
359
+
360
+ ## Evaluation
361
+
362
+ This code snippet shows how to evaluate Whisper Base on [LibriSpeech test-clean](https://huggingface.co/datasets/librispeech_asr):
363
+
364
+ ```python
365
+ >>> from datasets import load_dataset
366
+ >>> from transformers import WhisperForConditionalGeneration, WhisperProcessor
367
+ >>> import torch
368
+ >>> from evaluate import load
369
+
370
+ >>> librispeech_test_clean = load_dataset("librispeech_asr", "clean", split="test")
371
+
372
+ >>> processor = WhisperProcessor.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-base")
373
+ >>> model = WhisperForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("openai/whisper-base").to("cuda")
374
+
375
+ >>> def map_to_pred(batch):
376
+ >>> audio = batch["audio"]
377
+ >>> input_features = processor(audio["array"], sampling_rate=audio["sampling_rate"], return_tensors="pt").input_features
378
+ >>> batch["reference"] = processor.tokenizer._normalize(batch['text'])
379
+ >>>
380
+ >>> with torch.no_grad():
381
+ >>> predicted_ids = model.generate(input_features.to("cuda"))[0]
382
+ >>> transcription = processor.decode(predicted_ids)
383
+ >>> batch["prediction"] = processor.tokenizer._normalize(transcription)
384
+ >>> return batch
385
+
386
+ >>> result = librispeech_test_clean.map(map_to_pred)
387
+
388
+ >>> wer = load("wer")
389
+ >>> print(100 * wer.compute(references=result["reference"], predictions=result["prediction"]))
390
+ 5.082316555716899
391
+ ```
392
+
393
+ ## Long-Form Transcription
394
+
395
+ The Whisper model is intrinsically designed to work on audio samples of up to 30s in duration. However, by using a chunking
396
+ algorithm, it can be used to transcribe audio samples of up to arbitrary length. This is possible through Transformers
397
+ [`pipeline`](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main_classes/pipelines#transformers.AutomaticSpeechRecognitionPipeline)
398
+ method. Chunking is enabled by setting `chunk_length_s=30` when instantiating the pipeline. With chunking enabled, the pipeline
399
+ can be run with batched inference. It can also be extended to predict sequence level timestamps by passing `return_timestamps=True`:
400
+
401
+ ```python
402
+ >>> import torch
403
+ >>> from transformers import pipeline
404
+ >>> from datasets import load_dataset
405
+
406
+ >>> device = "cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
407
+
408
+ >>> pipe = pipeline(
409
+ >>> "automatic-speech-recognition",
410
+ >>> model="openai/whisper-base",
411
+ >>> chunk_length_s=30,
412
+ >>> device=device,
413
+ >>> )
414
+
415
+ >>> ds = load_dataset("hf-internal-testing/librispeech_asr_dummy", "clean", split="validation")
416
+ >>> sample = ds[0]["audio"]
417
+
418
+ >>> prediction = pipe(sample.copy(), batch_size=8)["text"]
419
+ " Mr. Quilter is the apostle of the middle classes, and we are glad to welcome his gospel."
420
+
421
+ >>> # we can also return timestamps for the predictions
422
+ >>> prediction = pipe(sample.copy(), batch_size=8, return_timestamps=True)["chunks"]
423
+ [{'text': ' Mr. Quilter is the apostle of the middle classes and we are glad to welcome his gospel.',
424
+ 'timestamp': (0.0, 5.44)}]
425
+ ```
426
+
427
+ Refer to the blog post [ASR Chunking](https://huggingface.co/blog/asr-chunking) for more details on the chunking algorithm.
428
+
429
+ ## Fine-Tuning
430
+
431
+ The pre-trained Whisper model demonstrates a strong ability to generalise to different datasets and domains. However,
432
+ its predictive capabilities can be improved further for certain languages and tasks through *fine-tuning*. The blog
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+ post [Fine-Tune Whisper with 🤗 Transformers](https://huggingface.co/blog/fine-tune-whisper) provides a step-by-step
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+ guide to fine-tuning the Whisper model with as little as 5 hours of labelled data.
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+
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+ ### Evaluated Use
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+
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+ The primary intended users of these models are AI researchers studying robustness, generalization, capabilities, biases, and constraints of the current model. However, Whisper is also potentially quite useful as an ASR solution for developers, especially for English speech recognition. We recognize that once models are released, it is impossible to restrict access to only “intended” uses or to draw reasonable guidelines around what is or is not research.
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+
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+ The models are primarily trained and evaluated on ASR and speech translation to English tasks. They show strong ASR results in ~10 languages. They may exhibit additional capabilities, particularly if fine-tuned on certain tasks like voice activity detection, speaker classification, or speaker diarization but have not been robustly evaluated in these areas. We strongly recommend that users perform robust evaluations of the models in a particular context and domain before deploying them.
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+
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+ In particular, we caution against using Whisper models to transcribe recordings of individuals taken without their consent or purporting to use these models for any kind of subjective classification. We recommend against use in high-risk domains like decision-making contexts, where flaws in accuracy can lead to pronounced flaws in outcomes. The models are intended to transcribe and translate speech, use of the model for classification is not only not evaluated but also not appropriate, particularly to infer human attributes.
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+
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+
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+ ## Training Data
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+
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+ The models are trained on 680,000 hours of audio and the corresponding transcripts collected from the internet. 65% of this data (or 438,000 hours) represents English-language audio and matched English transcripts, roughly 18% (or 126,000 hours) represents non-English audio and English transcripts, while the final 17% (or 117,000 hours) represents non-English audio and the corresponding transcript. This non-English data represents 98 different languages.
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+
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+ As discussed in [the accompanying paper](https://cdn.openai.com/papers/whisper.pdf), we see that performance on transcription in a given language is directly correlated with the amount of training data we employ in that language.
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+
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+
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+ ## Performance and Limitations
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+
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+ Our studies show that, over many existing ASR systems, the models exhibit improved robustness to accents, background noise, technical language, as well as zero shot translation from multiple languages into English; and that accuracy on speech recognition and translation is near the state-of-the-art level.
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+
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+ However, because the models are trained in a weakly supervised manner using large-scale noisy data, the predictions may include texts that are not actually spoken in the audio input (i.e. hallucination). We hypothesize that this happens because, given their general knowledge of language, the models combine trying to predict the next word in audio with trying to transcribe the audio itself.
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+
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+ Our models perform unevenly across languages, and we observe lower accuracy on low-resource and/or low-discoverability languages or languages where we have less training data. The models also exhibit disparate performance on different accents and dialects of particular languages, which may include higher word error rate across speakers of different genders, races, ages, or other demographic criteria. Our full evaluation results are presented in [the paper accompanying this release](https://cdn.openai.com/papers/whisper.pdf).
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+
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+ In addition, the sequence-to-sequence architecture of the model makes it prone to generating repetitive texts, which can be mitigated to some degree by beam search and temperature scheduling but not perfectly. Further analysis on these limitations are provided in [the paper](https://cdn.openai.com/papers/whisper.pdf). It is likely that this behavior and hallucinations may be worse on lower-resource and/or lower-discoverability languages.
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+
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+
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+ ## Broader Implications
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+
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+ We anticipate that Whisper models’ transcription capabilities may be used for improving accessibility tools. While Whisper models cannot be used for real-time transcription out of the box – their speed and size suggest that others may be able to build applications on top of them that allow for near-real-time speech recognition and translation. The real value of beneficial applications built on top of Whisper models suggests that the disparate performance of these models may have real economic implications.
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+
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+ There are also potential dual use concerns that come with releasing Whisper. While we hope the technology will be used primarily for beneficial purposes, making ASR technology more accessible could enable more actors to build capable surveillance technologies or scale up existing surveillance efforts, as the speed and accuracy allow for affordable automatic transcription and translation of large volumes of audio communication. Moreover, these models may have some capabilities to recognize specific individuals out of the box, which in turn presents safety concerns related both to dual use and disparate performance. In practice, we expect that the cost of transcription is not the limiting factor of scaling up surveillance projects.
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+
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+
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+ ### BibTeX entry and citation info
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{radford2022whisper,
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+ doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2212.04356},
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+ url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.04356},
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+ author = {Radford, Alec and Kim, Jong Wook and Xu, Tao and Brockman, Greg and McLeavey, Christine and Sutskever, Ilya},
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+ title = {Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervision},
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+ publisher = {arXiv},
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+ year = {2022},
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+ copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
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+ }
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+ ```
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