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+ ---
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+ license: apache-2.0
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+ library_name: litert
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+ pipeline_tag: image-to-image
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+ tags:
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+ - litert
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+ - tflite
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+ - android
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+ - on-device
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+ - gpu
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+ - portrait
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+ - sketch
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+ - line-drawing
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+ - u2net
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+ - creative
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+ ---
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+
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+ # U²-Net Portrait — Photo → pencil line drawing (LiteRT GPU)
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+
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+ On-device **portrait sketch generation** running **fully on the LiteRT `CompiledModel` GPU**
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+ delegate (no CPU fallback). The [U²-Net](https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net) portrait model
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+ turns a face photo into a **hand-drawn pencil line portrait** — a fun creative / AR filter.
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+ ~12 ms/frame on a Pixel 8a.
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+
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+ - **Architecture:** U²-Net (RSU / nested residual U-blocks) — pure CNN.
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+ - **Weights:** [xuebinqin/U-2-Net](https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net) (`u2net_portrait`) · Apache-2.0.
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+ - **Size:** 176 MB.
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+
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+ ![U2-Net portrait sketch](hero.png)
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+
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+ *Input (left) → generated pencil portrait (right). Photo: Unsplash (free license).*
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+
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+ ## I/O
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+
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+ - **Input:** `[1, 3, 512, 512]` NCHW, RGB, `x/max` then ImageNet-normalized
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+ (mean `[0.485,0.456,0.406]`, std `[0.229,0.224,0.225]`). A centered face works best.
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+ - **Output:** `[1, 1, 512, 512]` in `[0,1]`. Min-max normalize, then **invert** (`1 − x`)
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+ for dark strokes on white paper.
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+
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+ ## GPU conversion
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+
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+ U²-Net is a pure CNN → fully GPU-compatible (**893/893 nodes on the delegate, 1
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+ partition**; device corr 0.998683, ~12 ms) with **one defensive patch**: `align_corners=True`
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+ → `False` on the bilinear upsamples. CPU-exact vs PyTorch (corr 1.0).
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+
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+ ## Minimal usage
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+
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+ ### Kotlin (Android, LiteRT CompiledModel GPU)
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+
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+ ```kotlin
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+ val options = CompiledModel.Options(Accelerator.GPU)
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+ val model = CompiledModel.create(context.assets, "portrait.tflite", options, null)
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+ val inBufs = model.createInputBuffers()
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+ val outBufs = model.createOutputBuffers()
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+
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+ inBufs[0].writeFloat(inputNCHW) // [1,3,512,512] RGB, /max then ImageNet-norm
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+ model.run(inBufs, outBufs)
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+ val d = outBufs[0].readFloat() // [512*512] 0..1; min-max normalize then 1-x -> pencil sketch
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Python (LiteRT / ai-edge-litert)
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+
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+ ```python
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+ import numpy as np
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+ from ai_edge_litert.interpreter import Interpreter
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+
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+ it = Interpreter(model_path="portrait.tflite"); it.allocate_tensors()
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+ inp, out = it.get_input_details(), it.get_output_details()
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+ it.set_tensor(inp[0]["index"], x) # [1,3,512,512] float32, RGB, /max, ImageNet-norm
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+ it.invoke()
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+ d = it.get_tensor(out[0]["index"])[0, 0]
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+ d = (d - d.min()) / (d.max() - d.min()); sketch = 1.0 - d # dark strokes on white
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Conversion
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+
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+ Converted with **litert-torch** (`build_portrait.py`): loads the Apache-2.0 `u2net_portrait`
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+ weights and exports the sketch map.
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+
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+ ## License
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+
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+ Apache-2.0 (U²-Net / xuebinqin).