---
license: mit
library_name: LiteRT
pipeline_tag: image-to-image
tags:
  - litert
  - tflite
  - on-device
  - android
  - gpu
  - image-restoration
  - deblurring
  - nafnet
base_model: megvii-research/NAFNet
---

# NAFNet-GoPro-width32 — LiteRT (on-device image deblur, fully-GPU)

[NAFNet](https://github.com/megvii-research/NAFNet) (Nonlinear Activation Free Network, ECCV 2022) image
restoration, converted to **LiteRT** and running **fully on the `CompiledModel` GPU** (ML Drift) on Android.
NAFNet is a U-Net of **NAFBlocks** with **no activation functions at all** (SimpleGate = channel-split
multiply), so the whole network is a clean CNN on the GPU delegate. This is the **GoPro-width32** variant —
motion deblur.

![NAFNet — blurry input | restored (on-device LiteRT GPU)](samples/sample.png)

## On-device (Pixel 8a, Tensor G3 — verified)

| | |
|---|---|
| nodes on GPU | **2179 / 2179** LITERT_CL (full residency) |
| inference | **~42 ms** (256×256) |
| size | 38 MB (fp16) |
| accuracy | device output **== PyTorch (corr 1.000000)** — re-authoring is numerically exact |

```
image[1,3,256,256] (RGB [0,1]) →[GPU: NAFNet U-Net]→ restored[1,3,256,256]
```

## Minimal usage

**Android (Kotlin, CompiledModel GPU)**

```kotlin
val model = CompiledModel.create(context.assets, "nafnet_fp16.tflite",
    CompiledModel.Options(Accelerator.GPU), null)
val inputs = model.createInputBuffers()
val outputs = model.createOutputBuffers()
inputs[0].writeFloat(chw)            // [1,3,256,256] RGB in [0,1], NCHW
model.run(inputs, outputs)
val restored = outputs[0].readFloat()    // [1,3,256,256] in [0,1]
```

**Python (desktop verification)**

```python
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from ai_edge_litert.interpreter import Interpreter

img = Image.open("blurry.jpg").convert("RGB").resize((256, 256))
x = (np.asarray(img, np.float32) / 255.0).transpose(2, 0, 1)[None]   # [1,3,256,256]

it = Interpreter(model_path="nafnet_fp16.tflite"); it.allocate_tensors()
it.set_tensor(it.get_input_details()[0]["index"], x); it.invoke()
y = it.get_tensor(it.get_output_details()[0]["index"])[0]            # [3,256,256], [0,1]
Image.fromarray((y.transpose(1, 2, 0).clip(0, 1) * 255).astype(np.uint8)).save("restored.png")
```

A complete Android sample (image picker + before/after) is in the official
[google-ai-edge/litert-samples](https://github.com/google-ai-edge/litert-samples) repo under
`compiled_model_api/image_restoration`.

## How it converts (litert-torch)

NAFNet is fully convolutional (any size that is a multiple of 16; exported here at 256×256). Three
numerically-exact GPU re-authorings:

1. **`LayerNorm2d` → fp16-safe channel LayerNorm.** NAFNet's residual stream grows large (|x|≈175 at the
   bottleneck), so the LayerNorm channel reductions `Σ_c x` and `Σ_c (x−μ)²` (~15M) **overflow fp16 (max
   65504)** on the Mali delegate (which computes in fp16 regardless of the model dtype) → a grid artifact.
   Doing the reductions in a down-scaled `x/S` domain (S=128) and rescaling is numerically exact and fp16-safe.
2. **Simplified Channel Attention `AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)` → `mean(3).mean(2)`** (two single-axis means).
3. **Upsample `Conv2d(1×1)+PixelShuffle(2)` → Conv2d + depth-to-space `ZeroStuffConvT2d`**.

Result: banned ops NONE, all tensors ≤4D, tflite-vs-torch corr **1.0**, device-vs-torch corr **1.0**.

## License

[MIT](https://github.com/megvii-research/NAFNet/blob/main/LICENSE). Upstream:
[megvii-research/NAFNet](https://github.com/megvii-research/NAFNet). Original weights:
NAFNet-GoPro-width32 from the official release.