high_school_statistics

Question: The mean daily demand for bread at a popular bakery is 2,500 loaves, with a standard deviation of 225 loaves. Every morning the bakery bakes 3,000 loaves. What is the probability that today it will run out of bread? Assume that the mean daily demand for bread at this bakery is normally distributed.

Choices:
- 0.8333
- 0.1667
- 0.9869
- 0.0132


high_school_statistics

Question: An assembly line machine is supposed to turn out ball bearings with a diameter of 1.25 centimeters. Each morning the first 30 bearings produced are pulled and measured. If their mean diameter is under 1.23 centimeters or over 1.27 centimeters, the machinery is stopped and an engineer is called to make adjustments before production is resumed. The quality control procedure may be viewed as a hypothesis test with the null hypothesis H0: Î¼ = 1.25 and the alternative hypothesis Ha: Î¼ â  1.25. The engineer is asked to make adjustments when the null hypothesis is rejected. In test terminology, what would a Type II error result in?

Choices:
- A warranted halt in production to adjust the machinery
- An unnecessary stoppage of the production process
- Continued production of wrong size ball bearings
- Continued production of proper size ball bearings


high_school_statistics

Question: The probability is 0.2 that a value selected at random from a normal distribution with mean 600 and standard deviation 15 will be above what number?

Choices:
- 0.84
- 603.8
- 612.6
- 587.4


high_school_statistics

Question: A school committee member is lobbying for an increase in the gasoline tax to support the county school system. The local newspaper conducted a survey of county residents to assess their support for such an increase. What is the population of interest here?

Choices:
- All school-aged children
- All county residents
- All county residents with school-aged children
- All county residents with children in the county school system


high_school_statistics

Question: A farmer wants to know whether a new fertilizer has increased the mean weight of his apples. With the old fertilizer, the mean weight was 4.0 ounces per apple. The farmer decides to test H0: Î¼ = 4.0 ounces versus Ha : Î¼ > 4.0 ounces, at a 5 percent level of significance, where Î¼ = the mean weight of apples using the new fertilizer. The weights of apples are approximately normally distributed. The farmer takes a random sample of 16 apples and computes a mean of 4.3 ounces and a standard deviation of 0.6 ounces. Which of the following gives the p-value for this test?

Choices:
- P(Z > 2)
- P(Z < 2)
- P(t > 2) with 15 degrees of freedom
- P(t < 2) with 15 degrees of freedom


high_school_statistics

Question: The mean height of adult men is 70 inches, with a standard deviation of four inches. The mean height of adult women is 66 inches, with a standard deviation of three inches. Between a man with a height of 74 inches and a woman with a height of 70 inches, who is more unusually tall within his or her respective sex?

Choices:
- It cannot be determined, because the mean heights for the two groups are different.
- It cannot be determined, because the standard deviations of the heights for the two groups are different.
- The man, because he is 74 inches tall and the woman is only 70 inches tall.
- The woman, because her height is 1.33 standard deviations above the mean height of all women, whereas the manâs height is only one standard deviation above the mean height of all men.


high_school_statistics

Question: A random sample of 25 men and a separate random sample of 25 women are selected to answer questions about attitudes toward abortion. The answers were categorized as "pro-life" or "pro-choice." Which of the following is the proper null hypothesis for this situation?

Choices:
- The variables "gender" and "attitude toward abortion" are related.
- The proportion of "pro-life" men is the same as the proportion of "pro-life" women.
- The proportion of "pro-life" men is related to the proportion of "pro-life" women.
- The proportion of "pro-choice" men is the same as the proportion of "pro-life" women.


high_school_statistics

Question: A telephone survey of 400 registered voters showed that 256 had not yet made up their minds 1 month before the election. How sure can we be that between 60% and 68% of the electorate were still undecided at that time?

Choices:
- 2.4%
- 8.0%
- 64.0%
- 90.4%


high_school_statistics

Question: Which of the following is a false statement about simple random samples?

Choices:
- A sample must be reasonably large to be properly considered a simple random sample.
- Inspection of a sample will give no indication of whether or not it is a simple random sample.
- Attributes of a simple random sample may be very different from attributes of the population.
- Every element of the population has an equal chance of being picked.


high_school_statistics

Question: An automobile service station performs oil changes and tire replacements, as well as other services. Sixty percent of its customers request an oil change, 30 percent request tire replacements, and 10 percent request both. A customer requests an oil change. What is the probability this customer does not request tire replacements?

Choices:
- 0.42
- 0.5
- 0.7
- 0.833


high_school_statistics

Question: A medical research team tests for tumor reduction in a sample of patients using three different dosages of an experimental cancer drug. Which of the following is true?

Choices:
- There are three explanatory variables and one response variable.
- There is one explanatory variable with three levels of response.
- Tumor reduction is the only explanatory variable, but there are three response variables corresponding to the different dosages.
- There are three levels of a single explanatory variable.


high_school_statistics

Question: Two possible wordings for a questionnaire on a proposed school budget increase are as follows:

Choices:
- The first showed 58% and the second 13% because of the lack of randomization as evidenced by the wording of the questions.
- The first showed 13% and the second 58% because of a placebo effect due to the wording of the questions.
- The first showed 58% and the second 13% because of the lack of a control group.
- The first showed 58% and the second 13% because of response bias due to the wording of the questions.


high_school_statistics

Question: A reading specialist in a large public school system believes that the more time students spend reading, the better they will do in school. She plans a middle school experiment in which an SRS of 30 eighth graders will be assigned four extra hours of reading per week, an SRS of 30 seventh graders will be assigned two extra hours of reading per week, and an SRS of 30 sixth graders with no extra assigned reading will be a control group. After one school year, the mean GPAs from each group will be compared. Is this a good experimental design?

Choices:
- Yes.
- No, because while this design may point out an association between reading and GPA, it cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
- No, because without blinding, there is a strong chance of a placebo effect.
- No, because grade level is a lurking variable which may well be confounded with the variables under consideration.


high_school_statistics

Question: In a clinic, 50 patients with sleep disorders are randomly assigned to one of two different groups. Patients in one group are given medication before bedtime. Patients in the other group are given blindfolds and played soft music at bedtime. Each patient is attached to a machine that records breathing patterns. From the patterns, it is possible to determine if the patient is awake or asleep. The data will be used to decide which method is more effective in helping patients with sleep disorders. Which of the following statements is correct in the context of this experiment?

Choices:
- It is not possible for this experiment to be single-blind or double-blind, because human subjects are involved.
- This is only a single-blind experiment because the experimenters did not include a control group that received neither medication nor a blindfold and soft music.
- This is only a single-blind experiment because patients will know which treatment they are receiving, although the examining doctor might not.
- This is a double-blind experiment because the experimenters could prevent both groups of patients from knowing what sort of treatment the other group is receiving.


high_school_statistics

Question: In a random sample of Toyota car owners, 83 out of 112 said they were satisfied with the Toyota front-wheel drive, while in a similar survey of Subaru owners, 76 out of 81 said they were satisfied with the Subaru four-wheel drive. A 90% confidence interval estimate for the difference in proportions between Toyota and Subaru car owners who are satisfied with their drive systems is reported to be -0.197 Â± 0.081. Which is a proper conclusion?

Choices:
- The interval is invalid because probabilities cannot be negative.
- The interval is invalid because it does not contain zero.
- Subaru owners are approximately 19.7% more satisfied with their drive systems than are Toyota owners.
- We are 90% confident that the difference in proportions between Toyota and Subaru car owners who are satisfied with their drive systems is between -0.278 and -0.116.


high_school_statistics

Question: A small kiosk at the Atlanta airport carries souvenirs in the price range of $3.99 to $29.99, with a mean price of $14.75. The airport authorities decide to increase the rent charged for a kiosk by 5 percent. To make up for the increased rent, the kiosk owner decides to increase the prices of all items by 50 cents. As a result, which of the following will happen?

Choices:
- The mean price and the range of prices will increase by 50 cents.
- The mean price will remain the same, but the range of prices will increase by 50 cents.
- The mean price and the standard deviation of prices will increase by 50 cents.
- The mean price will increase by 50 cents, but the standard deviation of prices will remain the same.


high_school_statistics

Question: Which of the following is least likely to reduce bias in a sample survey?

Choices:
- Following up with those who did not respond to the survey the first time
- Asking questions in a neutral manner to avoid influencing the responses
- Using stratified random sampling rather than simple random sampling
- Selecting samples randomly


high_school_statistics

Question: An insurance company wishes to study the number of years drivers in a large city go between automobile accidents. They plan to obtain and analyze the data from a sample of drivers. Which of the following is a true statement?

Choices:
- A reasonable time-and-cost-saving procedure would be to use systematic sampling on an available list of all AAA (Automobile Association of America) members in the city.
- A reasonable time-and-cost-saving procedure would be to randomly choose families and include all drivers in each of these families in the sample.
- To determine the mean number of years between accidents, randomness in choosing a sample of drivers is not important as long as the sample size is very large.
- None of the above are true statements.


high_school_statistics

Question: There are two games involving flipping a fair coin. In the first game you win a prize if you can throw between 45% and 55% heads. In the second game you win if you can throw more than 80% heads. For each game would you rather flip the coin 30 times or 300 times?

Choices:
- 30 times for each game
- 300 times for each game
- 30 times for the first game and 300 times for the second
- 300 times for the first game and 30 times for the second


high_school_statistics

Question: Which of the following is a binomial random variable?

Choices:
- The number of tosses before a "5" appears when tossing a fair die.
- The number of points a hockey team receives in 10 games, where two points are awarded for wins, one point for ties, and no points for losses.
- The number of hearts out of five cards randomly drawn from a deck of 52 cards, without replacement.
- The number of motorists not wearing seat belts in a random sample of five drivers.


high_school_statistics

Question: A correlation of 0.6 indicates that the percentage of variation in y that is explained by the variation in x is how many times the percentage indicated by a correlation of 0.3?

Choices:
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 6


high_school_statistics

Question: What is the probability of a Type II error when a hypothesis test is being conducted at the 10% significance level (Î± = 0.10)?

Choices:
- 0.05
- 0.10
- 0.90
- There is insufficient information to answer this question.


high_school_statistics

Question: Suppose H0: p = 0.6, and the power of the test for Ha: p = 0.7 is 0.8. Which of the following is a valid conclusion?

Choices:
- The probability of committing a Type I error is 0.1.
- If Ha is true, the probability of failing to reject H0 is 0.2.
- The probability of committing a Type II error is 0.3.
- All of the above are valid conclusions.


high_school_statistics

Question: The mean thrust of a certain model jet engine is 9500 pounds. Concerned that a production process change might have lowered the thrust, an inspector tests a sample of units, calculating a mean of 9350 pounds with a z-score of -2.46 and a P-value of 0.0069. Which of the following is the most reasonable conclusion?

Choices:
- 99.31% of the engines produced under the new process will have a thrust under 9350 pounds.
- 99.31% of the engines produced under the new process will have a thrust under 9500 pounds.
- 0.69% of the time an engine produced under the new process will have a thrust over 9500 pounds.
- There is evidence to conclude that the new process is producing engines with a mean thrust under 9500 pounds.


high_school_statistics

Question: In a group of 10 scores, the largest score is increased by 40 points. What will happen to the mean?

Choices:
- It will remain the same.
- It will increase by 4 points.
- It will increase by 10 points.
- It will increase by 40 points.


high_school_statistics

Question: A study was conducted to test a new style of keyboard in preventing repetitive stress disorders. Volunteers who have had problems with such injuries were randomly assigned to use either a traditional keyboard or the new design. A significance test was conducted with the alternative hypothesis that a smaller proportion of those using the new keyboard will suffer injuries than those using the traditional keyboard. The resulting P-value was 0.07. Which is a correct interpretation of this P-value?

Choices:
- The null hypothesis should be rejected.
- The null hypothesis should be accepted.
- There is a 7% chance that the null hypothesis is correct.
- There is a 7% chance of getting a difference between the two groups at least as large as the observed difference if the new keyboard is really no better at preventing injuries.


high_school_statistics

Question: A hypothesis test is set up so that P(rejecting H0 when H0 is true) = 0.05 and P(failing to reject H0 when H0 is false) = 0.26. What is the power of the test?

Choices:
- 0.26
- 0.05
- 0.95
- 0.74


high_school_statistics

Question: Which of these statements correctly explains bias?

Choices:
- It describes a process that creates estimates that are too high on average or too low on average.
- It describes a process that results in a sample that does not represent the population.
- It describes a lack of randomization in the sampling process.
- It describes a sample that is not representative of the population.


high_school_statistics

Question: Which of the following statements is false?

Choices:
- Like the normal distribution, the t-distributions are symmetric.
- The t-distributions are lower at the mean and higher at the tails, and so are more spread out than the normal distribution.
- The greater the df, the closer the t-distributions are to the normal distribution.
- The smaller the df, the better the 68-95-99.7 Rule works for t-models.


high_school_statistics

Question: Self-efficacy (the belief that one has control over one's situation) as it related to job satisfaction was studied. When a group of teachers rated their ability to control their situation and their satisfaction with their job, the two variables had a correlation of 0.30. Which statement follows from this correlation?

Choices:
- If you want teachers to be happy with their job, give them more control over their situation.
- If you want teachers to take more control over their situation, make them happier at their jobs.
- Teachers in the study who were more satisfied with their job were less confident in their ability to control their situation.
- 9% of the variability in job satisfaction can be explained by the linear model with self-efficacy as a predictor.


high_school_statistics

Question: A sports talk show asks people to call in and give their opinion of the officiating in the local basketball team's most recent loss. What will most likely be the typical reaction?

Choices:
- They will most likely feel that the officiating could have been better, but that it was the team's poor play, not the officiating, that was primarily responsible for the loss.
- They would most likely call for the team to get some new players to replace the current ones.
- The team probably wouldn't have lost if the officials had been doing their job.
- Because the team had been foul-plagued all year, the callers would most likely support the officials.


high_school_statistics

Question: Semir rolls a six-sided die every morning to determine what he will have for breakfast. If he rolls a 1 or 2, he takes time to cook himself a big breakfast. If he rolls a 3 or larger he grabs a quick lighter breakfast. When he cooks himself a big breakfast, there is a 15% chance he will be late for school. If he has a lighter breakfast, there is a 6% chance he will be late for school. What is the probability Semir will be on time for school any given day?

Choices:
- 0.09
- 0.21
- 0.8
- 0.91


high_school_statistics

Question: The director of a local food bank asks for data on all donations given during the month of November. Of the 100 checks received, the average donation is $155 with a standard deviation of $32. Which of the following is the most appropriate statement?

Choices:
- This November, the average donation is $155.
- 50% of all donations this November are more than $155.
- We are 95% confident that the average donation in November is between about $91 and $219.
- We are 95% confident that the average donation in November is between about $149 and $161.


high_school_statistics

Question: A chi-squared test of independence is to be performed on a 3 Ã 4 contingency table. How many degrees of freedom does this test have?

Choices:
- 6
- 8
- 10
- 11


high_school_statistics

Question: In which of the following situations is a binomial model not an appropriate model to describe the outcome?

Choices:
- The number of heads in three tosses of a coin
- The number of rainy days in a given week
- The number of girls in a family of five children
- The number of students present in a class of 22


high_school_statistics

Question: A publisher used standard boxes for shipping books. The mean weight of books packed per box is 25 pounds, with a standard deviation of two pounds. The mean weight of the boxes is one pound, with a standard deviation of 0.15 pounds. The mean weight of the packing material used per box is two pounds, with a standard deviation of 0.25 pounds. What is the standard deviation of the weights of the packed boxes?

Choices:
- 28.000 pounds
- 5.290 pounds
- 4.085 pounds
- 2.021 pounds


high_school_statistics

Question: Suppose there is a correlation of r = 0.9 between number of hours per day students study and GPAs. Which of the following is a reasonable conclusion?

Choices:
- 90% of students who study receive high grades.
- 90% of students who receive high grades study a lot.
- 90% of the variation in GPAs can be explained by variation in number of study hours per day.
- 81% of the variation in GPAs can be explained by variation in number of study hours per day.


high_school_statistics

Question: A manufacturer of motor oil is interested in testing the effects of a newly developed additive on the lifespan of an engine. Twenty-five different engine types are selected at random and each one is tested using oil with the additive and oil without the additive. What type of analysis will yield the most useful information?

Choices:
- Matched pairs comparison of population proportions
- Matched pairs comparison of population means
- Independent samples comparison of population proportions
- Independent samples comparison of population means


high_school_statistics

Question: During the years 1886 through 2000 there were an average of 8.7 tropical cyclones per year, of which an average of 5.1 became hurricanes. Assuming that the probability of any cyclone becoming a hurricane is independent of what happens to any other cyclone, if there are five cyclones in one year, what is the probability that at least three become hurricanes?

Choices:
- 0.313
- 0.345
- 0.586
- 0.658


high_school_statistics

Question: What is a sampling distribution?

Choices:
- A distribution of all the statistics that can be found in a given sample
- A histogram, or other such visual representation, showing the distribution of a sample
- A normal distribution of some statistic
- A distribution of all the values taken by a statistic from all possible samples of a given size


high_school_statistics

Question: A soft drink dispenser can be adjusted to deliver any fixed number of ounces. If the machine is operating with a standard deviation in delivery equal to 0.3 ounce, what should be the mean setting so that a 12-ounce cup will overflow less than 1% of the time? Assume a normal distribution for ounces delivered.

Choices:
- 12 - 0.99(0.3) ounces
- 12 - 2.326(0.3) ounces
- 12 - 2.576(0.3) ounces
- 12 + 2.326(0.3) ounces


high_school_statistics

Question: Researchers are conducting an experiment using a significance level of 0.05. The null hypothesis is, in fact, false. If they modify their experiment to use twice as many experimental units for each treatment, which of the following would be true?

Choices:
- The probability of a Type I error and the probability of a Type II error would both decrease.
- The probability of a Type I error and the power would both increase.
- The probability of a Type II error and the power would both increase.
- The probability of a Type I error would stay the same and the power would increase.


high_school_statistics

Question: At a large hospital, the durations of emergency room visits, from check-in to discharge, are approximately normally distributed with a mean of 167 minutes and a standard deviation of 76 minutes. Which interval, to the nearest minute, contains the middle 80% of durations?

Choices:
- 15 minutes to 319 minutes
- 53 minutes to 281 minutes
- 70 minutes to 264 minutes
- 91 minutes to 243 minutes


high_school_statistics

Question: A test for heartworm in dogs shows a positive result in 96% of dogs that actually have heartworm, and shows a negative result in 98% of dogs with no heartworm. If heartworm actually occurs in 10% of dogs, what is the probability that a randomly selected dog that tested positive for heartworm actually has heartworm?

Choices:
- 11%
- 18%
- 84%
- 88%


high_school_statistics

Question: A telephone executive instructs an associate to contact 104 customers using their service to obtain their opinions in regard to an idea for a new pricing package. The associate notes the number of customers whose names begin with A and uses a random number table to pick four of these names. She then proceeds to use the same procedure for each letter of the alphabet and combines the 4 Ã 26 = 104 results into a group to be contacted. Which of the following is a correct conclusion?

Choices:
- Her procedure makes use of chance.
- Her procedure results in a simple random sample.
- Each customer has an equal probability of being included in the survey.
- Her procedure introduces bias through sampling error.


high_school_statistics

Question: A farmer who raises hens for egg production wants his eggs to have a mean mass of 56 grams. He is considering the purchase of a different type of hen, so he took a random sample of 18 eggs laid by this type of hen. The distribution of the masses is symmetric and mound-shaped with a mean of 54.1 grams and no outliers. The farmer conducted a t-test to see if there is evidence that the eggs from these hens have a mean mass that is different from 56 g and got a test statistic of t= -1.973. If he uses a 5% significance level, which is the correct conclusion and reason?

Choices:
- Because tis more extreme than Â±1.96, he should reject the null hypothesis. He has convincing evidence at the 5% significance level that the mean mass of eggs from these hens is different from 56 grams.
- Because tis less extreme than the critical value of t for 17 degrees of freedom, he should not reject the null hypothesis. He does not have convincing evidence at the 5% significance level that the mean mass of eggs from these hens is different from 56 grams.
- Because tis less extreme than the critical value of t for 18 degrees of freedom, he should not reject the null hypothesis. He does not have convincing evidence at the 5% significance level that the mean mass of eggs from these hens is different from 56 grams.
- Because tis more extreme than the critical value of t for 18 degrees of freedom, he should reject the null hypothesis. He has convincing evidence at the 5% significance level that the mean mass of eggs from these hens is different from 56 grams.


high_school_statistics

Question: Which of the following is a true statement?

Choices:
- In a well-designed, well-conducted sample survey, sampling error is effectively eliminated.
- In a well-designed observational study, responses are influenced through an orderly, carefully planned procedure during the collection of data.
- In a well-designed experiment, the treatments are carefully planned to result in responses that are as similar as possible.
- None of the above is a true statement.


high_school_statistics

Question: In comparing the life expectancies of two models of refrigerators, the average years before complete breakdown of 10 model A refrigerators is compared with that of 15 model B refrigerators. The 90% confidence interval estimate of the difference is (6, 12). Which of the following is the most reasonable conclusion?

Choices:
- The mean life expectancy of one model is twice that of the other.
- The mean life expectancy of one model is 6 years, while the mean life expectancy of the other is 12 years.
- The probability that the life expectancies are different is 0.90.
- We should be 90% confident that the difference in life expectancies is between 6 and 12 years.


high_school_statistics

Question: Changing from a 90% confidence interval estimate for a population proportion to a 99% confidence interval estimate, with all other things being equal,

Choices:
- increases the interval size by 9%.
- decreases the interval size by 9%.
- increases the interval size by 57%.
- decreases the interval size by 57%.


high_school_statistics

Question: Which of the following statements about any two events A and B is true?

Choices:
- P(A âª B) implies events A and B are independent.
- P(A âª B) = 1 implies events A and B are mutually exclusive.
- P(A â© B) = 0 implies events A and B are independent.
- P(A â© B) = 0 implies events A and B are mutually exclusive.


high_school_statistics

Question: The appraised values of houses in a city have a mean of $125,000 with a standard deviation of $23,000. Because of a new teachers' contract, the school district needs an extra 10% in funds compared to the previous year. To raise this additional money, the city instructs the assessment office to raise all appraised house values by $5,000. What will be the new standard deviation of the appraised values of houses in the city?

Choices:
- $23,000
- $25,300
- $28,000
- $30,300


high_school_statistics

Question: An insurance agent is successful in selling a life insurance policy to 20 percent of the customers he contacts. He decides to construct a simulation to estimate the mean number of customers he needs to contact before being able to sell a policy. Which of the following schemes should he use to do the simulation?

Choices:
- Assign numbers 0, 1 to successfully selling a policy to a customer and numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 to failing to sell a policy to a customer.
- Assign numbers 0, 1 to successfully selling a policy to a customer and numbers 2, 3, 4 to failing to sell a policy to a customer.
- Assign number 0 to successfully selling a policy to a customer and number 1 to failing to sell a policy to a customer.
- Assign numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 to successfully selling a policy to a customer and numbers 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 to failing to sell a policy to a customer.


high_school_statistics

Question: A study looked at medical records of about 23,000 patients, mostly in Asia. They found that patients who drank at least three cups of green tea per day had a much lower incidence of depression. In an American newspaper article about this study, which of the following statements should not be made?

Choices:
- It is possible that people who drink green tea also tend to have healthier lifestyles than those who don't.
- It is possible that people who drink green tea also tend to have a more positive outlook on life than those who don't.
- Because this is observational data, the association between drinking green tea and a lower incidence of depression is not an indication of a causal relationship.
- People who want to avoid depression should consider drinking green tea on a daily basis.


high_school_statistics

Question: In an experiment, the control group should receive

Choices:
- treatment opposite that given the experimental group.
- the same treatment given the experimental group without knowing they are receiving the treatment.
- a procedure identical to that given the experimental group except for receiving the treatment under examination.
- a procedure identical to that given the experimental group except for a random decision on receiving the treatment under examination.


high_school_statistics

Question: Which of the following is NOT true of the Ï2 probability distribution function?

Choices:
- The area under the Ï2 curve is 1.
- Ï2 is defined only for nonnegative values of the variable.
- For small degrees of freedom, the curve displays strong right-skewness.
- For the same Î±, as the number of degrees of freedom increases, the critical value for the rejection region decreases.


high_school_statistics

Question: Mr. Bee's statistics class had a standard deviation of 11.2 on a standardized test, while Mr. Em's class had a standard deviation of 5.6 on the same test. Which of the following is the most reasonable conclusion concerning the two classes' performance on the test?

Choices:
- Mr. Bee's class is less heterogeneous than Mr. Em's.
- Mr. Em's class is more homogeneous than Mr. Bee's.
- Mr. Bee's class performed twice as well as Mr. Em's.
- Mr. Em's class did not do as well as Mr. Bee's.


high_school_statistics

Question: All of the following statements are true for all discrete random variables except for which one?

Choices:
- The possible outcomes must all be numerical.
- The possible outcomes must be mutually exclusive.
- The mean (expected value) always equals the sum of the products obtained by multiplying each value by its corresponding probability.
- Approximately 95% of the outcomes will be within two standard deviations of the mean.


high_school_statistics

Question: The financial aid office at a state university conducts a study to determine the total student costs per semester. All students are charged $4500 for tuition. The mean cost for books is $350 with a standard deviation of $65. The mean outlay for room and board is $2800 with a standard deviation of $380. The mean personal expenditure is $675 with a standard deviation of $125. Assuming independence among categories, what is the standard deviation of the total student costs?

Choices:
- $24
- $91
- $190
- $405


high_school_statistics

Question: Suppose that 54% of the graduates from your high school go on to 4-year colleges, 20% go on to 2-year colleges, 19% find employment, and the remaining 7% search for a job. If a randomly selected student is not going on to a 2-year college, what is the probability she will be going on to a 4-year college?

Choices:
- 0.460
- 0.540
- 0.630
- 0.675


high_school_statistics

Question: A high school sent a survey to a randomly selected sample of 75 of last year's graduating class. 27 of those selected did not return the survey. The best plan of action would be to:

Choices:
- Use the surveys that were returned and change the sample size to 48 for the analysis.
- Use the surveys that were returned and leave the sample size at 75 for the analysis.
- Randomly select 27 additional class members and send the survey to them.
- Follow up with those that did not return the survey to encourage them to respond.


high_school_statistics

Question: A filling machine puts an average of four ounces of coffee in jars, with a standard deviation of 0.25 ounces. Forty jars filled by this machine are selected at random. What is the probability that the mean amount per jar filled in the sampled jars is less than 3.9 ounces?

Choices:
- 0.0057
- 0.0225
- 0.025
- 0.05


high_school_statistics

Question: The relation between the selling price of a car (in $1,000) and its age (in years) is estimated from a random sample of cars of a specific model. The relation is given by the following formula: Selling price = 15.9 â 0.983 (age) Which of the following can we conclude from this equation?

Choices:
- For every year the car gets older, the selling price goes down by approximately 9.83 percent.
- A new car costs on the average $9,830.
- For every year the car gets older, the selling price drops by approximately $1,590.
- For every year the car gets older, the selling price drops by approximately $983.


high_school_statistics

Question: A producer of skin care products has created a new formula for its cream to cure acne. To compare the effectiveness of the new cream to that of the old cream, it conducted a double-blind randomized experiment. Volunteers with acne tried the old formula on one side of their face and the new formula on the other, and which side got which formula was determined randomly. The response variable was the difference in the number of pimples (old formula - new formula). Which is the correct significance test to perform?

Choices:
- A two-proportion z-test
- A two-sample t-test
- A matched pairs t-test
- A chi-square test of independence


high_school_statistics

Question: Which of the following is the primary difference between an experiment and an observational study?

Choices:
- Experiments are only conducted on human subjects; observational studies can be conducted on nonhuman subjects.
- In an experiment, the researcher manipulates some variable to observe its effect on a response variable; in an observational study, he or she simply observes and records the observations.
- Experiments must use randomized treatment and control groups; observational studies also use treatment and control groups, but they do not need to be randomized.
- Experiments must be double-blind; observational studies do not need to be.


high_school_statistics

Question: Which of these is the best description of a P-value?

Choices:
- The probability of making a Type I error.
- The probability of making a Type II error.
- The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis if it is, in fact, false.
- The probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the observed test statistic, if the null hypothesis is true.


high_school_statistics

Question: Which of the following is the best description of the power of a significance test?

Choices:
- The probability that the null hypothesis is true.
- The probability of getting a Type I error.
- The probability of getting a Type II error.
- The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis if it is, in fact, false.


high_school_statistics

Question: Both over-the-counter niacin and the prescription drug Lipitor are known to lower blood cholesterol levels. In one double-blind study Lipitor outperformed niacin. The 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference in mean cholesterol level lowering was (18, 41). Which of the following is a reasonable conclusion?

Choices:
- Niacin lowers cholesterol an average of 18 points, while Lipitor lowers cholesterol an average of 41 points.
- There is a 0.95 probability that Lipitor will outperform niacin in lowering the cholesterol level of any given individual.
- There is a 0.95 probability that Lipitor will outperform niacin by at least 23 points in lowering the cholesterol level of any given individual.
- None of the above.


high_school_statistics

Question: The Department of Health plans to test the lead level in a specific park. Because a high lead level is harmful to children, the park will be closed if the lead level exceeds the allowed limit. The department randomly selects several locations in the park, gets soil samples from those locations, and tests the samples for their lead levels. Which of the following decisions would result from the type I error?

Choices:
- Closing the park when the lead levels are within the allowed limit
- Keeping the park open when the lead levels are in excess of the allowed limit
- Closing the park when the lead levels are in excess of the allowed limit
- Keeping the park open when the lead levels are within the allowed limit


high_school_statistics

Question: When a patient complains to the doctor about a certain set of symptoms, the doctor diagnoses the patient with Condition A 15% of the time. If a patient with these symptoms is diagnosed with Condition A, he or she is diagnosed with Condition B 70% of the time. A patient with these symptoms that is not diagnosed with Condition A is diagnosed with Condition B 10% of the time. What is the probability that a patient with this set of symptoms will be diagnosed with at least one of these conditions?

Choices:
- 0.235
- 0.25
- 0.765
- 0.85


high_school_statistics

Question: The principal of a school is interested in estimating the average income per family of her students. She selects a random sample of students and collects information about their family income. A 95 percent confidence interval computed from this data for the mean income per family is ($35,095, $45,005). Which of the following provides the best interpretation of this confidence interval?

Choices:
- 95 percent of the students in her school are from families whose income is between $35,095 and $45,005.
- There is a 95% probability that the families of all the students in this school have an income of between $35,095 and $45,005.
- If we were to take another sample of the same size and compute a 95 percent confidence interval, we would have a 95% chance of getting the interval ($35,095, $45,005).
- There is a 95% probability that the mean income per family in the school is between $35,095 and $45,005.


high_school_statistics

Question: The relation between studying time (in hours) and grade on a final exam (0-100) in a random sample of students in math class was found to be Grade = 50.25 + 10.2 (h) How will a studentâs grade be affected if she studies for two hours?

Choices:
- Her grade will go up by 40.05 points.
- Her grade will go up by 20.4 points.
- Her grade will remain unchanged.
- Her grade will down by 10.2 points.


high_school_statistics

Question: You need to construct a 94% confidence interval for a population proportion. What is the upper critical value of z to be used in constructing this interval?

Choices:
- 0.9699
- 1.96
- 1.555
- 1.88


high_school_statistics

Question: To test whether extensive exercise lowers the resting heart rate, a study is performed by randomly selecting half of a group of volunteers to exercise 1 hour each morning, while the rest are instructed to perform no exercise. Is this study an experiment or an observational study?

Choices:
- An experiment with a control group and blinding
- An experiment with blocking
- An observational study with comparison and randomization
- None of the above


high_school_statistics

Question: The observed times (in minutes) it takes a runner to complete a marathon are normally distributed. The z-score for his running time this week is â2. Which one of the following statements is a correct interpretation of his z-score?

Choices:
- This week his time was two minutes lower than his time last week.
- This week his time was two minutes lower than his best time ever.
- This week his time was two minutes lower than his average time.
- This week his time was two standard deviations lower than his average time.


high_school_statistics

Question: The waiting times for a new roller coaster ride are normally distributed with a mean of 35 minutes and a standard deviation of 10 minutes. If there are 150,000 riders the first summer, which of the following is the shortest time interval associated with 100,000 riders?

Choices:
- 0 to 31.7 minutes
- 31.7 to 39.3 minutes
- 25.3 to 44.7 minutes
- 25.3 to 35 minutes


high_school_statistics

Question: A student organization at a university is interested in estimating the proportion of students in favor of showing movies biweekly instead of monthly. How many students should be sampled to get a 90 percent confidence interval with a width of at most 0.08?

Choices:
- 27
- 64
- 106
- 423


high_school_statistics

Question: An experiment was designed to test the effects of three different types of paint on the durability of wooden toys. Because boys and girls tend to play differently with toys, a randomly selected group of children was divided into two groups by sex. Which of the following statements about this experiment is true?

Choices:
- There are three types of paint and two sex groups, giving a total of six treatment combinations in this experiment.
- Type of paint is a blocking factor.
- Sex is a blocking factor.
- This is a completely randomized design.


high_school_statistics

Question: A simple random sample is defined by

Choices:
- the method of selection.
- examination of the outcome.
- both of the above.
- how representative the sample is of the population.


high_school_statistics

Question: Suppose that 60% of a particular electronic part last over 3 years, while 70% last less than 6 years. Assuming a normal distribution, what are the mean and standard deviation with regard to length of life of these parts?

Choices:
- Î¼ = 3.677, Ï = 3.561
- Î¼ = 3.977, Ï = 3.861
- Î¼ = 4.177, Ï = 3.561
- Î¼ = 4.377, Ï = 3.261


high_school_statistics

Question: For the regression line, which of the following statements about residuals is true?

Choices:
- Influential scores have large residuals.
- If the linear model is good, the number of positive residuals will be the same as the number of negative residuals.
- The mean of the residuals is always zero.
- If the correlation is 0, there will be a distinct pattern in the residual plot.


high_school_statistics

Question: Suppose you toss a fair die three times and it comes up an even number each time. Which of the following is a true statement?

Choices:
- By the law of large numbers, the next toss is more likely to be an odd number than another even number.
- Based on the properties of conditional probability the next toss is more likely to be an even number given that three in a row have been even.
- Dice actually do have memories, and thus the number that comes up on the next toss will be influenced by the previous tosses.
- The probability that the next toss will again be even is 0.5.


high_school_statistics

Question: A researcher planning a survey of school principals in a particular state has lists of the school principals employed in each of the 125 school districts. The procedure is to obtain a random sample of principals from each of the districts rather than grouping all the lists together and obtaining a sample from the entire group. Which of the following is a correct conclusion?

Choices:
- This is a simple random sample obtained in an easier and less costly manner than procedures involving sampling from the entire population of principals.
- This is a cluster sample in which the population was divided into heterogeneous groups called clusters.
- This is an example of systematic sampling, which gives a reasonable sample as long as the original order of the list is not related to the variables under consideration.
- This is a stratified sample, which may give comparative information that a simple random sample wouldn't give.


human_aging

Question: When a researcher takes part in the situation he or she is observing, he or she is said to be a(n)

Choices:
- Active observer
- Participant observer
- Indiscreet observer
- Meddling observer


human_aging

Question: Our social network refers to

Choices:
- Everyone we know
- Those who are closest to us
- Those who we have not yet met
- Family members


human_aging

Question: The hypothesis that says adults will remain healthy until very old age and then quickly become ill and die is the ____ hypothesis

Choices:
- Terminal drop
- Compression of morbidity
- Klagmore-Rensfeldt
- Decline avoidance


human_aging

Question: High levels of self-care behaviors have been associated with high levels of

Choices:
- Neuroticism
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Secondary control


human_aging

Question: Surveys of older adults who are living together show that they tend to view cohabitation as

Choices:
- A first step toward eventual marriage
- An alternative to marriage
- A way to save on expenses
- Their swan song


human_aging

Question: The most frequent chronic condition for older adults is

Choices:
- Hypertension
- Arthritis
- Diabetes
- Cataracts


human_aging

Question: People with which of the following forms of control are least likely to have accessibility problems where they live?

Choices:
- External
- Internal
- Primary
- Total


human_aging

Question: A difference between the social networks of older and younger adults is that older adults have

Choices:
- Larger inner circles
- Larger outer circles
- Smaller inner circles
- Smaller outer circles


human_aging

Question: Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning older workers' job performance?

Choices:
- Older workers always perform better because of their vast experience
- Older workers never perform better than younger workers because with age, a worker's skills decline.
- Job performance for older workers depends both upon the decline of skills and the benefits of experience
- Most jobs are performed better by younger adults but a few are performed better by older adults


human_aging

Question: The law that requires all healthcare institutions that receive Medicaid funds to inform patients about advance directives is called the

Choices:
- Patient Self-Determination Act
- Informed Consent Act
- Advance Directive
- Medicaid Directive Information Act


human_aging

Question: That super sweet iced tea that your grandmother gives you might be that way because she

Choices:
- Has lost a lot of sweet taste buds and cannot taste sweetness as well anymore
- Is a member of that cohort that really enjoys sweets
- Is trying to get you to be a little sweeter than you have been in the past
- Has experienced damage in her parietal lobe where sweet sensations are directed


human_aging

Question: Bu is often late for appointments but says it's because she had more important things on her mind. This is an example of which coping strategy?

Choices:
- Immunization
- Accommodation
- Avoidance
- Assimilation


human_aging

Question: In which dementia are cognitive symptoms less likely?

Choices:
- Parkinson's
- Pick's
- Huntington's
- NeuroAIDS


human_aging

Question: Neuroticism has been found to be correlated with which of the following?

Choices:
- Anger and guilt
- Apathy and indifference
- Deceit and cunning
- Mania and hypertension


human_aging

Question: The answer "both play an important role" is clearly applicable to the question of

Choices:
- Nature vs. nurture
- Mechanistic vs organismic
- Continuity vs. discontinuity
- All of these questions


human_aging

Question: The information stored in memory, according to research and our Senior View interviewees, is

Choices:
- True to life
- Our own interpretation
- Always exaggerated
- Never accurate


human_aging

Question: The environmental design that brings pets and plants to nursing homes and young people and children as regular visitors is referred to as

Choices:
- Instrumental Living Design
- The Humanistic Choice
- Human-Environment Congruence
- The Eden Alternative


human_aging

Question: Which of the following is caused by a prion?

Choices:
- Vascular dementia
- Alzheimer's
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob
- Huntington's


human_aging

Question: The cause of Alzheimer's appears to be

Choices:
- Mostly environmental
- Aluminum
- Mostly genetic
- Apo-E 4


human_aging

Question: Older adults generally perform very well when their _____ memory is tested.

Choices:
- Episodic
- Working
- Retrospective
- Semantic


human_aging

Question: Do traits change with age?

Choices:
- No
- They change a little
- Only for women
- They change quite a lot


human_aging

Question: Changes in the reproductive system are more _____ for men but not for women

Choices:
- Mechanistic
- Continuous
- Organismic
- Nurturant


human_aging

Question: A disadvantage of institutional care is that the staff frequently teach older residents to be

Choices:
- Rude
- Dependent
- Independent
- Selfish


human_aging

Question: The decline in working memory with advanced age seems to be due to

Choices:
- A loss of resources and slower processing speed
- An increase in the inhibition of relevant information
- A general decline in the ability to process information
- A severe loss of neural connections and decreased blood flow


human_aging

Question: Which of the following does NOT increase the risk of falling?

Choices:
- Taking many prescription medications
- Visual impairment
- Having no emotional support
- A change in walking style or gait


human_aging

Question: The Hayflick number for human cells is

Choices:
- Unknown
- Between 45 and 55
- Less than 30
- More than 60


human_aging

Question: Continued stress is damaging to health and longevity because it leads to

Choices:
- Over exercising which causes physical damage
- Suppression of the immune system
- Less eating and, in many cases, severe eating disorders
- Risky behaviors such as speeding and not using a seat belt


human_aging

Question: Comorbidity is a problem for older adults because it

Choices:
- Makes correct diagnoses difficult
- Increases funeral costs
- Is very contagious
- Cannot, at present, be cured


human_aging

Question: With respect to theories of senescence, it's probably safe to say that

Choices:
- Programmed theories are the best we have at present
- Many theories will have to be combined to explain senescence
- The evidence for these theories is direct and quickly accumulating
- All of these theories are merely speculation at this point


human_aging

Question: A burial site where the body is allowed to decompose naturally without a casket is called a _____ cemetery

Choices:
- Naturalistic
- Green
- Rapid decay
- Sunshine


human_aging

Question: High levels of social support are strongly associated with

Choices:
- Longevity
- Internal control
- Culture
- Education


human_aging

Question: Of the following, which is the more frequent stereotype of older adults?

Choices:
- Full of wisdom and knowledge
- Healthy and independent
- Confused and disoriented
- Sleepy and lazy


human_aging

Question: The houses of the future may allow you to operate virtually everything in the house from a central terminal; such a house is already in production and is referred to as

Choices:
- Technohouse
- Compuhouse
- Futurehouse
- Smarthouse


human_aging

Question: Which of the following appears to lower bad cholesterol?

Choices:
- Vitamin D
- Niacin
- Thiamine
- Riboflavin


human_aging

Question: About how many grieving individuals seem to require some professional help?

Choices:
- Less than 10%
- About 25%
- Nearly half
- More than 50%


human_aging

Question: Loss of smell for adults 80 and older is

Choices:
- Very infrequent (less than 15%)
- Very frequent (more than 75%)
- Infrequent (less than 40%)
- Frequent (close to 50%)


human_aging

Question: An example of an objective test of personality is the

Choices:
- TAT
- MMPI
- Rorschach ink blot test
- McAdams test of levels


human_aging

Question: A person who is not very well organized, rarely sets goals, and frequently puts things off until the last minute would be said to be low on which trait?

Choices:
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
- Openness
- Neuroticism


human_aging

Question: Surveys of bereaved individuals have found that one of the things that is reported as being most helpful is when others

Choices:
- Avoid any discussion of the deceased
- Remain in close contact
- Stay away and let the person grieve
- Change the home environment for the bereaved


human_aging

Question: In this chapter's Senior View, Dr. Shealy advises you to

Choices:
- Stay in school
- Eat the right foods
- Get plenty of exercise
- Find a high paying job


human_aging

Question: Which type of reaction time results in the biggest age differences?

Choices:
- Simple
- Choice
- Complex
- Elaborate


human_aging

Question: With respect to hair loss

Choices:
- Men lose but women do not
- Men are more systematic than women
- Women lose hair less frequently but more rapidly than men
- Environmental factors are the main causes


human_aging

Question: Older adults with higher education and self-esteem are more likely to be

Choices:
- Sexually active
- Socially isolated
- Lonely as they grow older
- Married for a long time


human_aging

Question: A possible positive effect of moderate alcohol consumption is that it may

Choices:
- Inhibit the growth of cancers
- Promote healing from injuries and illnesses
- Keep blood vessels from stiffening
- Result in relaxation and lower blood pressure


human_aging

Question: The major question concerning aging and personality is:

Choices:
- Do older adults still have personalities?
- Does personality change with age?
- Does personality decline as we grow older?
- Does personality increase of decrease with age?


human_aging

Question: The first person to measure and compare the response times of young and old was

Choices:
- Francis Galton
- William James
- Michelle Meer
- Tom Penge


human_aging

Question: Which of the following factors has NOT received as much support as the others in research investigating why social support is related to better health?

Choices:
- Social
- Behavioral
- Psychological
- Gerontological


human_aging

Question: We want our measures to be as reliable as possible; reliability refers to

Choices:
- Whether our measure really measure anything at all
- Whether our measure is really measuring what it claims to measure
- Whether our measure is consistent in the information it provides
- Whether our measure has or has not been used before


human_aging

Question: Middle-aged adults appear to be more ____ than older or younger adults

Choices:
- Generative
- Neurotic
- Agreeable
- Certain


human_aging

Question: Older adults' coping strategies are generally

Choices:
- Ineffective at solving problems
- Variable as they have more strategies
- Persistent as they use the same strategy over and over
- Narrow as they ignore many aspects of the problem


human_aging

Question: Workers in which of the following jobs still have mandatory retirements once they reach a certain age?

Choices:
- Cab drivers
- Fire fighters
- Insurance regulators
- Computer programmers


human_aging

Question: The Supreme Court has now ruled that older workers need no longer prove _____________ to win a job discrimination suit.

Choices:
- Discrimination
- Age bias
- Negative impact
- Intention


human_aging

Question: Which of the following groups of Americans have the lowest rate of alcohol abuse?

Choices:
- African-American
- White
- Native-American
- Asian-American


human_aging

Question: In this chapter'sÂ Senior View, May Lee told us that we should all respect our elders because

Choices:
- They are much older than we are
- They raised us
- They lived through difficult times
- They ask nothing in return


human_aging

Question: Theories

Choices:
- Are not very important in aging research
- Attempt to explain findings and guide future research
- Have never been adequately tested
- Have been around for a long time but have only recently been tested


human_aging

Question: The retirement phase that occurs least frequently is the ____ phase

Choices:
- Disenchantment
- Honeymoon
- Retirement routine
- Preretirement


human_aging

Question: Which of the following does NOT usually occur to the lens of the eye as one grows older?

Choices:
- It becomes thicker
- It yellows
- It becomes clouded
- It fills with fluid


human_aging

Question: Free radicals are produced by

Choices:
- Normal metabolism
- Excess consumption of Vitamins A and C
- Lack of sunlight
- A weakened immune system


human_aging

Question: The term "cohort" refers to

Choices:
- An individual's chronological age
- A generation of people who lived through major events
- A person's gender
- A group of people living in the same culture


human_aging

Question: A problem for immune system theories of senescence is

Choices:
- Determining what first causes the senescence in the immune system
- Auto-immune disorders are far too rare
- That the immune system does not decline with age
- The lack of information about senescence in general


human_aging

Question: Which of the following could very well be a cohort difference rather than a change that occurs with age?

Choices:
- Differences in weight
- Shrinkage of the thymus gland
- Enlargement of the heart
- Increasing size of nose and ears


human_aging

Question: The study of older adults and aging is referred to as

Choices:
- Gerontology
- Geropsychiatry
- Geriatrics
- Gero-education


human_aging

Question: Which of the following is NOT among the top 10 causes of death in the U. S.?

Choices:
- Kidney diseases
- AIDS
- Septicemia
- Accidents


human_aging

Question: If you believe that we are mostly in control of our own development and that our behaviors, good or bad, determine how successful our aging with be, you would be said to have which of the following perspectives?

Choices:
- Organismic
- Nurture
- Continuity
- Mechanistic


human_aging

Question: Projective tests generally ___ than objective tests of personality.

Choices:
- Have higher reliability
- Are more visual
- Are more valid
- Provide more information


human_aging

Question: All other things being equal, which of the following persons is likely to live the longest?

Choices:
- A black man
- A white man
- A black woman
- A white woman


human_aging

Question: When speaking with an older adults with some hearing loss, you should

Choices:
- Speak a little slower than normal
- Speak loudly into their best ear
- Face them so they can watch your lips
- Ask another person to translate


human_aging

Question: Which of the following has been found to improve balance for older adults?

Choices:
- Tai chi
- Aerobic exercise
- Weight lifting
- Walking briskly


human_aging

Question: Which of the following forms of dementia has the highest prevalence rate?

Choices:
- Alzheimer's
- Vascular
- Parkinson's
- Fronto-temporal lobe


human_aging

Question: Longevity is strongly associated with higher levels of

Choices:
- Social support
- BMI
- Alcohol use
- Supplement use


human_aging

Question: Those more likely to experience depression after a loss are those who

Choices:
- Are young survivors
- Have not previously experienced depression
- Have been married more than 40 years
- Are in poor health themselves


human_aging

Question: In this chapter's Senior View, Dr. Donham told us that mental stimulation, exercise, diet, and what other factor is important for long life?

Choices:
- Moderate amounts of alcohol
- Social support
- Good genes
- Avoiding stress


human_aging

Question: The Kingbergs give us several keys to successful aging; which of the following is one that they did not name?

Choices:
- Eat the correct food but not too much.
- Respect each other
- Party at least once a month
- Make long-range plans


human_aging

Question: Which level of personality description appears to show the most change with age?

Choices:
- Traits
- Personal concerns
- Coping strategies
- Identity


human_aging

Question: Identity refers to one's

Choices:
- Use of a particular coping strategy
- Control over one's own life story
- Physical appearance and overall personality
- Coherent sense of self


human_aging

Question: When older and younger workers have lost their jobs, older workers typically

Choices:
- Find a job quicker because of their greater experience
- Take longer to find a new job
- Retire rather than search for a new job
- Sue the company using the ADEA


human_aging

Question: Prejudice or bias against older adults is referred to as

Choices:
- Ageism
- Oldism
- Age bigotry
- Senilism


human_aging

Question: Research has offered some longitudinal as well as cross sectional support for the theory put forth by

Choices:
- Peck
- Foos
- Levenson
- Erikson


human_aging

Question: The reaction time difference between younger and older adults is reduced when older adults

Choices:
- Practice regular aerobic exercise
- Lift weights on a regular schedule
- Consume large quantities of vitamins
- Practice Tai chi


human_aging

Question: A researcher finds that age is negatively correlated with cigarette smoking; this means that

Choices:
- Older adults experience more negative effects from smoking that do younger adults
- Older adults smoke more than younger adults
- Older adults smoke less than younger adults
- Older and younger adults smoke about the same number of cigarettes and both experience negative effects


human_aging

Question: The woman who conducted a longitudinal study on herself and found increased retrieval difficulty as she got older was named

Choices:
- Clark
- Smith
- Whitebear
- Ebbinghaus


human_aging

Question: One possible reason that time seems to pass more rapidly for older adults is that

Choices:
- Their memories are poor so they forget to check the time
- They have fewer novel experiences
- They pay less attention to important events in life
- Their lives are full of events which they don't recall at a later time


human_aging

Question: A major difference between programmed and unprogrammed theories of senescence is that programmed theories

Choices:
- Attribute senescence only to environmental factors
- Are far too difficulty to test
- Claim that senescence follows a predetermined plan
- Rely too heavily on computer models


human_aging

Question: Which of the following is the most important variable for gerontological researchers?

Choices:
- Age
- Gender
- Cohort
- Time of measurement


human_aging

Question: Hearing loss for higher pitch is referred to as

Choices:
- Presbyopia
- Presbycusis
- Pitch deafness
- Conductive loss


human_aging

Question: Gary says he won $1000 in the lottery because he really knows how to pick those numbers. Gary would be said to have a strong ____ locus of control

Choices:
- External, powerful others
- Internal
- External, chance
- Secondary


human_aging

Question: About what percentage of people who have had bridge jobs say it was better than their career job?

Choices:
- Less than 25%
- Less than 50%
- More than 50%
- More than 75%


human_aging

Question: Grandparents with grandchildren in college report feeling especially loved when such grandchildren

Choices:
- Ask about their satisfaction with life and offer to help
- Visit during the holidays and bring gifts
- Pay a surprise visit and ask for advice
- Invite the grandparents over to their place and cook a good meal


human_aging

Question: Which of the following improves attitudes toward aging and older adults?

Choices:
- Staying away from older adults
- Education about older adults
- Travelling to older communities
- Watching the portrayals of older adults in movies and on TV


human_aging

Question: One of the most important points made in this chapter is that physical changes

Choices:
- Occur for everyone
- Occur more for some and less for others and, within the same person, more for some systems and less for others
- Usually occur for very old people but not for very young people
- Can be totally avoided if one learns enough about gerontology


human_aging

Question: Those who survive the loss of another are called the

Choices:
- Survivors
- Grieving
- Bereaved
- Family and friends


human_aging

Question: Which of the following is most strongly associated with loss of bone density?

Choices:
- Genetic factors
- Lifestyle factors like not exercising
- Hormonal factors such as loss of estrogen
- Cohort factors


human_aging

Question: If links between various diseases are found, then future older adults will probably

Choices:
- Take fewer medications
- Be able to avoid certain diseases
- Pay far less for pharmaceuticals
- Pick and choose the disease(s) they want


human_aging

Question: A problem in comparing older adults' memory for recent events and events that happened a long time ago is that recent events

Choices:
- May be very well rehearsed
- Are far more meaningful
- Have no denominator to help in computing an average
- Can be verified while older events often cannot


human_aging

Question: Mabel Davis, in this chapter's Senior View, would agree with which of the following?

Choices:
- Time seems to speed up when you grow older
- Exercise keeps your mind sharp
- Women are tougher than men
- Glasses and hearing aids should be avoided


human_aging

Question: Of the following animals, which has the longest life span by current measures?

Choices:
- Gorilla
- Blue whale
- Dog
- Queen honey bee


human_aging

Question: One reason that older adults show high levels of optimism is that

Choices:
- Many pessimists die at a younger age
- They do not really know what is going on
- This may be a warning sign for dementia
- Our measures have low validity


human_aging

Question: The positive relationship between religion and physical health is NOT thought to be due to

Choices:
- Social support derived from a religious community
- The rules of some religions which forbid unhealthy behaviors
- The stress reducing effects of prayerful meditation
- The benefits of knowing that others are praying for you


human_aging

Question: Most people who have used physician assisted suicide have had

Choices:
- Alzheimer's
- Health insurance
- No family
- Clinical depression


human_aging

Question: Before we can collect data from other human beings we must make sure that they

Choices:
- Have information that will be worth our effort to collect
- Are going to be honest and forthright
- Are informed about our study and give their consent to participate
- Have been granted permission to participate by the IRB


logical_fallacies

Question: All things that are spoiled are inedible. Timothy is spoiled. So, Timothy is inedible.

Choices:
- Equivocation
- Attacking the Person (ad hominem)
- Fallacy of Division
- Questionable Cause


logical_fallacies

Question: An arguer who threatens another to gain agreement commits the fallacy of

Choices:
- appeal to force
- tu quoque
- ignorance of refutation
- straw person


logical_fallacies

Question: The false analogy fallacy is

Choices:
- a specific type of false cause fallacy that argues that since two event happened at the same time one event must have caused the other
- arguing that an event that preceded another event necessarily is the cause of the second event
- arguing that since something is new it is necessarily good
- drawing a conclusion based on a comparison when the items being compared are not similar enough to support the conclusion.


logical_fallacies

Question: Tan ah Tiat, forty-nine years old, a native of Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia, was charged with possession of opium. Arguing for acquittal, he told the judge that his opium habit did no harm, as he was too old to work anyway. Asked how he lived, he replied that he lived on the earnings of his grandmother.

Choices:
- Straw Man
- False Dilemma
- Inconsistency
- Appeal to Authority


logical_fallacies

Question: Whether someone is hypocritical regarding her claims is...

Choices:
- Irrelevant to her character
- Evidence that the claims are false
- Irrelevant to the truth of the claims
- Relevant only in court


logical_fallacies

Question: The false cause fallacy is

Choices:
- arguing that since someone is poor she must have high moral character
- arguing that two things are causally related without evidence of a causal relationship
- arguing that since something is new it is necessarily bad
- substituting individual stories for a larger sample in support of a claim


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following is another name for appeal to the people?

Choices:
- argument by consensus
- appeal to beliefs
- no true Scotsman
- overlooked evidence


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following fallacies happens when someone attributes the cause of an event to a simple cause when the cause is actually more complicated?

Choices:
- complex cause
- hasty generalization
- post hoc
- division


logical_fallacies

Question: Arguing in favor of a claim based only on the evidence that some regular people believe the claim is one way to commit which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- poisoning the well
- common person appeal
- ad numerum
- suppressed evidence


logical_fallacies

Question: Telling people that they haven't been harmed because there is something they should be thankful for commits which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- genetic fallacy
- horse laugh
- false consolation
- appeal to joy


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following fallacies happens when someone concludes that someone couldn't have done something bad because he or she has good qualities?

Choices:
- Laudatory personality
- Guilt by association
- Reprehensible personality
- Circular reasoning


logical_fallacies

Question: I don't understand why everyone thinks they belong in college. After all, everyone knows that when you are intelligent you'll succeed. But so many people that elect to attend college don't have even the most basic intelligence. How do they expect to get anywhere here?

Choices:
- Attacking the Person (ad hominem)
- Straw Man
- Denying the Antecedent
- Begging the Question


logical_fallacies

Question: In a faulty analogy, the things being compared are...

Choices:
- Sufficiently similar
- Sufficiently similar in irrelevant ways
- Complete opposites
- Not sufficiently similar in relevant ways


logical_fallacies

Question: When someone tries to support a proposition with information that really has nothing to do with the claim being made, that person has probably committed which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- straw person
- genetic fallacy
- irrelevant conclusion
- ignoratio elenchi


logical_fallacies

Question: If you say an opposing arguer has taken a position that you can easily defeat, when he or she has not taken that position, then you go on to defeat that position and claim to have done significant damage to that arguer's overall argument, you are probably guilty of which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- genetic fallacy
- appeal to emotions
- straw person
- ignorance of refutation


logical_fallacies

Question: When someone changes the meaning of a word or phrase from one part of the argument to another that person may have committed which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- Special pleading
- Hypostatization
- Question begging epithets
- Equivocation


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following describes the fallacy of appeal to tradition?

Choices:
- reasoning that a claim must be true because it's been made so often
- reasoning that a claim must be true because a regular person believes it
- reasoning that a claim must be true because it's been believed in the past
- reasoning that a claim must be true because a lot of people believe it


logical_fallacies

Question: Anecdotal evidence is a specific kind of

Choices:
- False sign
- False criteria
- False cause
- Hasty Generalization


logical_fallacies

Question: The genetic fallacy consists of

Choices:
- arguing that a conclusion should be made based on feeling sorry for someone when that feeling is irrelevant to the conclusion
- responding to charges of wrongdoing by saying the accuser does something just as bad
- arguing that an idea should be accepted or rejected based only on who originated the idea.
- causing confusion during refutation because of a real or feigned lack of ability to engage in refutation


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following describes the fallacy of false consolation?

Choices:
- arguing against a position based only on negative personal feelings toward the position
- responding to charges of wrongdoing by saying others do things as bad or worse
- arguing that someone is not really harmed because things could be worse or by pointing out what they have to be thankful for
- using threats of harm instead of reasoning to get agreement


logical_fallacies

Question: When someone argues that making a change will have no significant effect, but there is no evidence that the effect will not be significant, that person has committed which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- poisoning the well
- solid slope
- appeal to tradition
- argument from authority


logical_fallacies

Question: Another name for the fallacy of false dilemma is

Choices:
- Guilt by association
- Circular reasoning
- Laudatory personality
- False dichotomy


logical_fallacies

Question: Appeal to beliefs is another name for which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- ad nauseam
- appeal to tradition
- solid slope
- self evident truths


logical_fallacies

Question: Rejecting a claim by criticizing the person who makes it rather than the claim itself is known as the fallacy of...

Choices:
- Division
- Appeal to emotion
- Composition
- Appeal to the person


logical_fallacies

Question: At the end of the course, Professor Jones told us that we were the best class he had ever had. That's why I'm sure that the 0.0 the appeared on my grade report is a mistake. Surely, if we were as good a class as Professor Jones said we were, none of us deserved to fail.

Choices:
- Fallacy of Composition
- Fallacy of Division
- Questionable Cause
- Appeal to Gallery (Provicialism)


logical_fallacies

Question: Another name for the fallacy of reducing to an absurdity is

Choices:
- tu quoque
- ad baculum
- ad hominem
- reductio ad absurdum


logical_fallacies

Question: The argument against the person consists of

Choices:
- ignoring another person's arguments and attacking her character instead
- asserting an opposing arguer has taken an easily defeated position, which she has not really taken
- causing confusion during an argument by a lack of ability to engage in refutation
- using threats of harm instead of reasoning to gain agreement


logical_fallacies

Question: Another name for the fallacy of accident is

Choices:
- Sweeping generalization
- Black-or-white fallacy
- Petitio principii
- False dichotomy


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following is another name for evading the issue?

Choices:
- "you too" fallacy
- irrelevant conclusion
- appeal to fear
- argument against the person


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following describes the _tu quoque_ fallacy?

Choices:
- summarizing an opponent's position in a way that makes it seem silly
- attempting to gain agreement based only on the feelings aroused in the argument
- responding to charges of wrongdoing by saying the accuser does the same thing
- arguing against a position based only on negative personal feelings toward the position


logical_fallacies

Question: Referring to an act committed by an opponent in negative terms while referring to the same act committed by the arguer or supporters in favorable terms describes which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- Ambiguity
- Special pleading
- Reification
- Hypostatization


logical_fallacies

Question: When a claim is supported only by asserting that unidentified experts accept the claim the arguer has committed which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- appeal to tradition
- ad vericundiam
- appeal to anonymous authority
- snob appeal


logical_fallacies

Question: "To be valid, the minor premise must either agree with the antecedent, or disagree with the consequent" is a requirement for

Choices:
- a disjunctive syllogism
- a categorical syllogism
- a conditional syllogism
- disjunctive enthymeme


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following best describes the fallacy of special pleading?

Choices:
- Reasoning that ideas presented in an appealing manner are correct, regardless of the content of the message.
- Using language and punctuation in a way that a statement can have multiple interpretations, so it's not really clear what is meant.
- Confusing figurative language with literal language.
- Referring to an act committed by an opponent in negative terms while referring to the same act committed by the arguer or supporters in favorable terms


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following best describes the fallacy of poisoning the well?

Choices:
- a way of suppressing evidence that eliminates a source of evidence from consideration by claiming the source is flawed, when there is no true relationship between the alleged flaw and the reliability of the source
- arguing that a claim should be accepted based on evidence that is not presented, but asserted to be well known or obvious.
- arguing something should be done based only on evidence that it's been done that way in the past, or should be believed only because it's been believed for a long time.
- reasoning that a claim is true based only on the evidence that it has been made so often.


logical_fallacies

Question: If someone argues that something should be done in a certain way because that's the way it's always been done, that person has committed which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- slippery slope
- appeal to tradition
- argument from authority
- ad nauseam


logical_fallacies

Question: When someone makes an argument, and the only evidence he or she uses to support the claim is the testimony that an authority figure believes the claim, the arguer has committed which fallacy?

Choices:
- Questionable use of statistics
- Apple polishing
- Self evident truths
- Argument from authority


logical_fallacies

Question: The complex proposition fallacy involves

Choices:
- including more than one claim in the proposition and treating proof for one claim as proof for all the claims.
- asking a question that includes either an unproven assumption or more than one question, thus making a straightforward yes or no answer meaningless.
- arguing that a claim must be true because there is no evidence that it is false.
- arguing something is inferior just because it doesn't do something it was never intended to do.


logical_fallacies

Question: Including more than one claim in a proposition may lead to which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- Complex question
- Appeal to ignorance
- Compound proposition
- Extension


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following fallacies happens when someone concludes that a legitimate generalization necessarily applies to a particular case?

Choices:
- False dilemma
- Circular reasoning
- Accident
- Bifurcation


logical_fallacies

Question: Fallacies can be psychologically persuasive even though they are...

Choices:
- Psychologically impotent
- Logically flawed
- Deductively valid
- Inductively valid


logical_fallacies

Question: In a valid disjunctive syllogism the minor premise must

Choices:
- accept one choice
- reject all but one choice
- either A or B
- none of the above


logical_fallacies

Question: Another name for the fallacy of complex question is

Choices:
- Fallacy of interrogation
- Compound proposition
- Appeal to ignorance
- Extension


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following best describes the snob appeal fallacy?

Choices:
- reasoning that a claim is true based only on the evidence that it has been made so often.
- arguing someone should accept a claim based only on the evidence that he or she has the favorable characteristics to understand the truth of the claim.
- arguing a claim should be accepted based only on evidence that unidentified authorities accept it.
- arguing that someone should accept an idea or product based only on evidence that prestigious people accept it, or that non-prestigious people reject it.


logical_fallacies

Question: The fallacy of guilt by association is a specific type of

Choices:
- Fallacy of accident
- Laudatory personality
- Begging the question
- Circular reasoning


logical_fallacies

Question: William Safire in American Heritage Magazine (December 1987): ...The greatness of Lincoln was his purposefulness. He saw something that few others saw: that the democratic experiment centered on the Union and that majority rule was everything. The minute you allowed secession, you made democracy an absurdity---because what would happen would be continued subdivision.

Choices:
- Slippery Slope
- Questionable Analogy
- Appeal to Authority
- Straw Man


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following describes the fallacy of appeal to common practice?

Choices:
- eliminating a source of evidence from consideration by claiming the source is flawed, when there is no true relationship between the alleged flaw and the reliability of the source
- reasoning that an act or series of acts should be carried out because they will have no significant consequences, when there is no evidence there will be no consequences
- drawing a conclusion after purposely leaving out evidence or ignoring known evidence that might contradict a claim
- arguing that something is the right thing to do based only on evidence that other people are already doing it.


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following best describes the fallacy of equivocation?

Choices:
- A form of loaded language that uses an emotionally charged restatement of the claim in place of support for the claim.
- Changing the meaning of a word or phrase from one part of the argument to another.
- Confusing figurative language with literal language.
- Referring to an act committed by an opponent in negative terms while referring to the same act committed by the arguer or supporters in favorable terms.


logical_fallacies

Question: " _Ad novitatem_ " is

Choices:
- arguing that what is true of a few members of a class is true of all members of the class
- drawing a conclusion by applying irrelevant criteria to a subject
- substituting individual stories for a larger sample as support for a claim
- arguing that something must be good because it is new, or must be bad because it is old


logical_fallacies

Question: The universe, like a watch, must have a maker.

Choices:
- Fallacy of Accident
- Questionable Analogy
- Questionable Cause
- Fallacy of Composition


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following best describes the fallacy of figure of speech?

Choices:
- Using emotionally charged language to create an impression about the subject of a claim, without making an argument that the language fits the subject.
- Treating something that exists in the mind as if it was a real object.
- Confusing figurative language with literal language.
- A form of loaded language that uses an emotionally charged restatement of the claim in place of support for the claim.


logical_fallacies

Question: Men are better drivers than women are. The proof of this is that men are more capable than women of managing cars on the road.

Choices:
- Begging the question
- Ad hominem (Attacking the Person)
- False Dilemma
- Appeal to Pity


logical_fallacies

Question: Polonius in William Shakespeare's Hamlet: "Your noble son is mad: Mad call I it, for to define true madness, What is't but to be nothing else but mad?"

Choices:
- Attacking the Person (ad hominem)
- Equivocation
- Begging the Question
- Appeal to Pity


logical_fallacies

Question: E.F. Schumacher, famous economist, in an article in the Atlantic (April 1979): Fifteen months [after I had advised that rural India should have a technology intermediate between the hoe and the tractor,] an all-India conference on intermediate technology was arranged. (They still didn't like the term [intermediate], so they called it appropriate technology. That's all right: when I come to India and somebody says, "Oh, Mr. Schumacher, I don't believe in appropriate technology", I just look him straight in the face and say, "Oh, that's splendid. Do you believe in inappropriate technology?")

Choices:
- Equivocation
- Inconsistency
- Appeal to Authority
- Prejudicial Language


logical_fallacies

Question: A valid disjunctive syllogism has which of the following characteristics?

Choices:
- The minor premise must either affirm the antecedent or deny the consequent
- The minor premise must either accept an alternative or reject an alternative
- One of the premises is missing
- It reaches a truthful conclusion


logical_fallacies

Question: Another name for the bandwagon appeal is

Choices:
- appeal to beliefs
- appeal to authority
- appeal to the people
- common man appeal


logical_fallacies

Question: Evading burden of proof is another name for the fallacy of

Choices:
- Extension
- Appeal to ignorance
- Complex question
- Complex proposition


logical_fallacies

Question: _A priori_ is a fallacy that involves

Choices:
- asking a question that includes either an unproven assumption or more than one question, thus making a straightforward yes or no answer meaningless.
- arguing something is inferior just because it doesn't do something it was never intended to do.
- arguing that a claim must be true because there is no evidence that it is false.
- reasoning that determines the conclusion one wants first, then accepts only evidence supporting that conclusion, or interprets all evidence as support for that conclusion.


logical_fallacies

Question: The fallacy of composition is

Choices:
- attributing the cause of an event to a simple cause when the cause is more complex
- arguing that what is true of part of an object must be true of the entire object
- drawing a conclusion without enough evidence to support that conclusion
- drawing a conclusion based on sign reasoning when there is not really a direct relationship between the alleged sign and the subject of the conclusion


logical_fallacies

Question: The fallacy of laudatory personality is a specific type of

Choices:
- The fallacy of accident
- False dilemma
- Begging the question
- Circular reasoning


logical_fallacies

Question: Arguing that a lack of evidence proves something is the fallacy of...

Choices:
- Appeal to ignorance
- Double negative
- Equivocation
- Burden of proof


logical_fallacies

Question: The appeal to anonymous authority fallacy consists of

Choices:
- reasoning that an act or series of acts should be carried out because they will have no significant consequences, when there is no evidence there will be no consequences.
- arguing that a claim should be accepted based on the evidence that a large number of people accept it
- arguing that something should be done because it has been done in the past
- arguing a claim should be accepted based only on the assertion that unidentified authorities accept it


logical_fallacies

Question: Arguing that a claim must be true merely because a substantial number of people believe it is called the fallacy of...

Choices:
- Tu quoque
- Composition
- Appeal to the masses
- Appeal to reason


logical_fallacies

Question: Arguing that what is true of an entire object is also true of each part of that object is the fallacy of

Choices:
- false criteria
- hasty generalization
- ad crumenam
- division


logical_fallacies

Question: The fallacy of appeal to emotions consists of

Choices:
- trying to make an opponent's argument seem ridiculous
- defending wrongdoing by claiming the opposing arguer does the same thing
- arguing that an argument should be rejected because the source of the argument
- trying to get someone else to agree to a claim only by arousing that person's feelings about the subject


logical_fallacies

Question: When someone treats an imaginary concept as if it was something tangible that person might commit the fallacy of

Choices:
- Question begging epithets
- Misusing ambiguity
- Hypostatization
- Amphiboly


logical_fallacies

Question: Arguing that a claim must be true because there is no evidence that it is false is which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- a priori
- Extension
- Appeal to ignorance
- plurium interrogationum


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following describes the fallacy of evading the issue?

Choices:
- arguing that someone should do something only because of ill will towards someone else
- characterizing an opponent's position in a way that makes it seem ridiculous
- supporting a claim with evidence or reasoning that is not relevant to the proposition, or responding to another's argument by changing the subject
- attempting to gain agreement based only on the feelings aroused in the message


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following describes the fallacy of appeal to indignation?

Choices:
- attacking the character or background of someone making an argument instead of his or her evidence and reasoning
- responding to charges of wrongdoing by saying other people do the same thing
- arguing against a position only based on personal feelings toward the position
- responding to an argument with an expression of derision instead of a counter argument


logical_fallacies

Question: "The minor premise must affirm the antecedent or deny the consequent" is a way to determine the validity of which type of argument?

Choices:
- Categorical syllogism
- Disjunctive syllogism
- Hypothetical syllogism
- Toulmin model


logical_fallacies

Question: The fallacy of extension consists of

Choices:
- asking a question that includes either an unproven assumption or more than one question, thus making a straightforward yes or no answer meaningless.
- arguing something is flawed because it doesn't do what it was never intended to do.
- arguing about something when you don't know what you're talking about
- including more than one claim in the proposition and treating proof for one claim as proof for all the claims.


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following fallacies happens when someone concludes that someone couldn't have done something good because he or she has negative qualities?

Choices:
- Laudatory personality
- Guilt by association
- Reprehensible personality
- Circular reasoning


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following is another name for the fallacy of amphiboly?

Choices:
- Misusing ambiguity
- Reification
- Figure of speech
- Special pleading


logical_fallacies

Question: Which fallacy happens because of a failure to recognize the alternatives presented are not mutually exclusive?

Choices:
- Begging the Question
- Accident
- Circular reasoning
- False dilemma


logical_fallacies

Question: When someone responds to your argument with a sarcastic statement such as, "Yeah, right. Like that's ever going to happen," that person may have committed which fallacy?

Choices:
- appeal to indignation
- appeal to spite
- horse laugh
- tu quoque


logical_fallacies

Question: "The minor premise must affirm the antecedent or deny the consequent" is a validity requirement of which type of argument?

Choices:
- Toulmin
- Categorical
- Disjunctive
- Conditional (or hypothetical)


logical_fallacies

Question: The hasty conclusion fallacy is

Choices:
- arguing that a single event caused another when the cause is really several events
- making an argument without enough evidence to support the conclusion
- substituting individual stories for a larger sample in support of a claim
- reasoning that applies irrelevant criteria to the subject of the argument.


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following describes he fallacy of appeal to pride?

Choices:
- arguing a claim should be accepted based only on evidence that unidentified authorities accept it.
- arguing someone should accept a claim based only on the evidence that he or she has the favorable characteristics to understand the truth of the claim.
- arguing something should be done based only on evidence that it's been done that way in the past, or should be believed only because it's been believed for a long time.
- arguing that an act or series of acts should be carried out because they will have no significant consequences, when there is no evidence for the lack of significant effects.


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following fallacies is a way of suppressing evidence that eliminates a source of evidence from consideration by claiming the source is flawed, when there is no true relationship between the alleged flaw and the reliability of the source?

Choices:
- significance
- snob appeal
- poisoning the well
- appeal to anonymous authority


logical_fallacies

Question: The concomitant variation fallacy is

Choices:
- attributing the cause of an event to a single cause when the cause is more complicated
- arguing that since two events happened at the same time, one event must have caused the other
- arguing that since one event preceded another event it must have caused the second event
- drawing a conclusion based on sign reasoning when there is not really a direct relationship between the alleged sign and the subject of the conclusion


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following best describes the fallacy of self-evident truths?

Choices:
- arguing that a claim is true based only on evidence that an authority figure accepts the claim.
- arguing a claim should be accepted based only on evidence that unidentified authorities accept it.
- arguing that a claim should be accepted based on evidence that is not presented, but is asserted to be well known or obvious.
- arguing someone should accept a claim based only on the evidence that he or she has the favorable characteristics to understand the truth of the claim.


logical_fallacies

Question: Another name for the fallacy of begging the question is

Choices:
- Dito simpliciter
- Bifurcation
- Reprehensible personality
- Circular reasoning


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following best describes the fallacy of amphiboly?

Choices:
- Using emotionally charged languages to create an impression about the subject of a claim, without making an argument that the language fits the subject.
- Referring to an act committed by an opponent in negative terms while referring to the same act committed by the arguer or supporters in favorable terms.
- Using grammar and punctuation in a way that a statement may have multiple interpretations, so it's not really clear what is meant.
- Changing the meaning of a word or phrase from one part of the argument to another.


logical_fallacies

Question: The fallacy that involves reasoning that determines the conclusion one wants first, then accepts only evidence supporting that conclusion, or interprets all evidence as support for that conclusion is known as

Choices:
- ad ignorantium
- a priori
- plurium interrogationum
- Extension


logical_fallacies

Question: The natural law fallacy is

Choices:
- arguing that something is necessarily bad because it doesn't cost very much
- substituting individual stories for a larger sample when supporting a generalization
- arguing that what is true in nature must be true about humans
- the same thing as the  post hoc  fallacy


logical_fallacies

Question: "Misuse of statistics," "questionable statistics," and "questionable use of statistics" are all other names for the fallacy of

Choices:
- appeal to a pride
- significance
- poisoning the well
- slippery slope


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following describes the fallacy of appeal to spite?

Choices:
- responding to an argument with an expression of derision instead of a counter argument
- arguing against a position based only on negative personal feelings toward the position
- arguing someone should do something only because that person dislikes someone else
- saying someone shouldn't do something because if he or she does it people won't like him or her


logical_fallacies

Question: _Ad hominem_ is another name for the fallacy of

Choices:
- appeal to loyalty
- reducing to an absurdity
- ignorance of refutation
- argument against the person


logical_fallacies

Question: If someone uses an emotionally charged restatement of a claim in place of support for the claim, that person may have committed which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- Style over substance
- Question begging epithets
- Hypostatization
- Amphiboly


logical_fallacies

Question: The appeal to fear involves

Choices:
- arguing something should be done only because it will make the person doing it feel good
- arguing someone should do something only because of ill will towards someone else
- arguing actions should be taken to avoid exaggerated, unlikely, or irrelevant negative results
- characterizing an opponents position in a way that makes it seem silly


logical_fallacies

Question: Arguing that an idea should be accepted or rejected only because of the source of the idea commits which of the following fallacies?

Choices:
- genetic fallacy
- appeal to popularity
- scare tactics
- appeal to emotions


logical_fallacies

Question: Which of the following fallacies happens when someone concludes that someone must be honest because the people he hangs around with are honest?

Choices:
- Laudatory personality
- Guilt by association
- Reprehensible personality
- Circular reasoning


logical_fallacies

Question: " _Ad crumenam_ " is a specific kind of

Choices:
- False analogy
- Hasty Generalization
- False sign
- Hasty Conclusion


logical_fallacies

Question: Which fallacy happens when someone argues in favor of a two part proposition, only supports one part of the proposition, then asserts that the entire proposition has been supported.

Choices:
- a priori
- Complex proposition
- Extension
- Appeal to ignorance


logical_fallacies

Question: So, how long have you been beating your wife?

Choices:
- Attacking the Person (ad hominem)
- False Dilemma
- Prejudicial Language
- Appeal to Force