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propose modifying the strategy of choosing weights. Rather than basing the weights on risk of missing outcomes, we will base the weights on imbalances between the groups, whatever the cause. Candidate variables for weights are listed. We will rank the potential weighting variables by a published method (Beach and Meier), and choose a number to include based on a rule of thumb regarding the number of covariates a model can have.","text_display":"We propose modifying the strategy of choosing weights. Rather than basing the weights on risk of missing outcomes, we will base the weights on imbalances between the groups, whatever the cause. Candidate variables for weights are listed. We will rank the potential weighting variables by a published method (Beach and Meier), and choose a number to include based on a rule of thumb regarding the number of covariates a model can have.","cell_row":4,"cell_column":2,"cell_row_span":1,"cell_col_span":1,"confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1349,1585],[1799,1585],[1799,1631],[1349,1631]],"region":{"top_left_x":1349,"top_left_y":1584,"width":451,"height":48},"line":75,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"e854e68f83dd42e6b55256ec379519a3","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"We propose modifying the","text_display":"We propose modifying the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1349,1628],[1843,1628],[1843,1675],[1349,1675]],"region":{"top_left_x":1349,"top_left_y":1628,"width":495,"height":47},"line":76,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"c6c40461bc244e6f9598310d0a0a2c12","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"strategy of choosing weights.","text_display":" strategy of choosing weights.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1349,1672],[1745,1672],[1745,1718],[1349,1718]],"region":{"top_left_x":1349,"top_left_y":1672,"width":396,"height":47},"line":77,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"0435cffaacfc425f983456932acad77b","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"Rather than basing the","text_display":" Rather than basing the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1344,1716],[1791,1716],[1791,1768],[1344,1768]],"region":{"top_left_x":1343,"top_left_y":1715,"width":449,"height":53},"line":78,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"fbc3c35760f44f4b91bd8fe01315f863","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"weights on risk of missing","text_display":" weights on risk of missing","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1349,1765],[1813,1765],[1813,1806],[1349,1806]],"region":{"top_left_x":1349,"top_left_y":1764,"width":465,"height":42},"line":79,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"60ad4007f9124b1089a52df6f910c0b6","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"outcomes, we will base the","text_display":" outcomes, we will base the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1347,1803],[1745,1803],[1745,1855],[1347,1855]],"region":{"top_left_x":1346,"top_left_y":1803,"width":399,"height":52},"line":80,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"27e6ec3484c64fb2b74fd9cd38e21820","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"weights on imbalances","text_display":" weights on imbalances","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1349,1896],[1349,1847],[1702,1849],[1701,1899]],"region":{"top_left_x":1348,"top_left_y":1846,"width":354,"height":53},"line":81,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d7aee6a70267457aabf0ba4c8f7df442","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"between the groups,","text_display":" between the groups,","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1347,1896],[1696,1896],[1696,1934],[1347,1934]],"region":{"top_left_x":1346,"top_left_y":1895,"width":350,"height":40},"line":82,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"507d6fb0ca7348fb9b578628786343b0","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"whatever the cause.","text_display":" whatever the cause.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1347,1934],[1750,1934],[1750,1980],[1347,1980]],"region":{"top_left_x":1346,"top_left_y":1934,"width":405,"height":47},"line":83,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"ad2ce74e5a674153a31e38f91303040b","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"Candidate variables for","text_display":" Candidate variables for","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1344,1983],[1805,1983],[1805,2030],[1344,2030]],"region":{"top_left_x":1343,"top_left_y":1983,"width":462,"height":47},"line":84,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"64b172f6435b4b7ab82779fa2fe918ef","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"weights are listed. We will","text_display":" weights are listed. We will","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1349,2027],[1821,2027],[1821,2073],[1349,2073]],"region":{"top_left_x":1349,"top_left_y":2026,"width":473,"height":48},"line":85,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d90a450687db4ae0a0e435ea24e894d2","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"rank the potential weighting","text_display":" rank the potential weighting","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1349,2070],[1767,2070],[1767,2117],[1349,2117]],"region":{"top_left_x":1349,"top_left_y":2070,"width":418,"height":47},"line":86,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"cb86e19b1b0d49ae868bba8d21dcaae1","type":"text","conversion_output":false,"parent_id":"8aae6b1fb1324e2883dea8e08be37e86","text":"variables by a published","text_display":" variables by a 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Analysis Question & Original Plan & Additional details and/or changes in the plan \\\\\n\\hline Assessment of Effect Modification of site, period (pre and post decreased visit frequency) and patient characteristics. (Section 1.1.3) & No details provided & \\begin{tabular}{l}\nAdditional Details: Effect modification will be tested on the risk-difference scale based on a binary regression model with an identity link. \\\\\nAlso, baseline physical performance as measured by the SPPB will be tested as a potential effect modifier.\n\\end{tabular} \\\\\n\\hline Model-based estimates of Delayed and Sustained Effects on Primary Outcome (Section 1.2.1) & Longitudinal logistic regression for two time points (baseline, 16-week, 40-week) model fit with GEE to account for repeated measures from same individual & Changed to a longitudinal binary regression model with identity link and random effect for subject to account for repeated measures. Rationale: Estimates interpretable as rate differences. \\\\\n\\hline Subject-based estimates of delayed and sustained effects on Primary Outcome (Section 1.2.1) & Not in original plan & \\(3 \\times 3\\) table in each treatment group with rows indicating community ambulation at 16 weeks (yes, no, indeterminate) and columns indicating community ambulation at 40 weeks (yes, no, indeterminate). \\\\\n\\hline \\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Secondary and Tertiary Outcomes} \\\\\n\\hline Longitudinal Data Analysis of quantitative secondary and tertiary outcomes. (Section 1.2.2) & Longitudinal Analysis based on three time points (baseline, 16-weeks, and 40weeks) fit by GEE. & Changed from GEE to maximum likelihood with an unstructured variance. Rationale: A little more flexible than GEE and may adjust for baseline values better. \\\\\n\\hline Sensitivity analysis to account for missing outcome data (Section 1.4) & Weighted Estimating Equations & Adjustment for covariates in the longitudinal regression model. 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A \\(95 \\%\\) confidence interval will be","text_display":" be performed instead of using the chi-square statistic. 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Participants whose adjudication result is","text_display":" description of the adjudication procedure). 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This secondary variable will","text_display":" participant's community ambulation status at 16 -week follow-up. 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The secondary variable will take the value of 'no' if 1) the participant was tested","text_display":" six minutes. 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The secondary variable will take the value","text_display":" classified as a treatment failure, whatever the reason. The secondary variable will take the value","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1001],[1835,1001],[1835,1051],[245,1051]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1001,"width":1591,"height":50},"line":18,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"6f90d5baed4a4323ac901dc5a8dad4b9","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"of 'missing' if 1) the participant was not tested with the SMWT and adjudication resulted in the","text_display":" of 'missing' if 1) the participant was not tested with the SMWT and adjudication resulted in the","confidence":0.9970703125,"confidence_rate":0.9999709510413867},{"cnt":[[245,1044],[1871,1044],[1871,1094],[245,1094]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1044,"width":1628,"height":50},"line":19,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"783b9bae922c42b599c7dc994dffdf66","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"participant's being classified as a treatment failure based only on self- or proxy-reported walking","text_display":" participant's being classified as a treatment failure based only on self- or proxy-reported walking","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1091],[1837,1091],[1837,1137],[245,1137]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1091,"width":1593,"height":46},"line":20,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"93391f82f42243258792b881aeff1c2b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"limitation or 2) the participant was not tested with the SMWT (or the participant was tested but","text_display":" limitation or 2) the participant was not tested with the SMWT (or the participant was tested but","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999951643631956},{"cnt":[[245,1134],[1762,1134],[1762,1179],[245,1179]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1134,"width":1518,"height":46},"line":21,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"8127394530b54d38a91c0dccc25ac805","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"not according to protocol) and adjudication resulted in the participant's being classified as","text_display":" not according to protocol) and adjudication resulted in the participant's being classified as","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[247,1177],[1863,1177],[1863,1222],[247,1222]],"region":{"top_left_x":247,"top_left_y":1177,"width":1616,"height":46},"line":22,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"c3530ee6005e4e9b8717a57368cf8b82","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"'indeterminate'. All participants, including those with a missing value for the alternative outcome","text_display":" 'indeterminate'. All participants, including those with a missing value for the alternative outcome","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999953038523912},{"cnt":[[245,1222],[1852,1222],[1852,1270],[245,1270]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1222,"width":1608,"height":48},"line":23,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"6b96c4fd16424c88bb75b98ef8280457","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"variable, will be included in the secondary analysis. Weights will be used to adjust for covariate","text_display":" variable, will be included in the secondary analysis. Weights will be used to adjust for covariate","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1265],[1841,1265],[1841,1313],[245,1313]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1265,"width":1598,"height":48},"line":24,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"784d338dbff24741a9d9e399b58c728d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"imbalances between the groups due to chance or differential rates of indeterminate outcomes.","text_display":" imbalances between the groups due to chance or differential rates of indeterminate outcomes.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1311],[1841,1311],[1841,1356],[245,1356]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1310,"width":1598,"height":46},"line":25,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"98093b393a9b40e1ab1801a2347aa565","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"For the PUSH group, the weight for each observation will be defined as the inverse probability","text_display":" For the PUSH group, the weight for each observation will be defined as the inverse probability","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1354],[1721,1354],[1721,1399],[245,1399]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1353,"width":1477,"height":46},"line":26,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"2a39b250235d469e81a150b6509bc37b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"that an observation would be assigned to the PUSH group given the covariates for that","text_display":" that an observation would be assigned to the PUSH group given the covariates for that","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1396],[1815,1396],[1815,1446],[245,1446]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1396,"width":1572,"height":50},"line":27,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"a27e3c1d1430403d91785de842abc676","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"observation. This will effectively up-weight observations from groups with lower probability of","text_display":" observation. This will effectively up-weight observations from groups with lower probability of","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1439],[1850,1439],[1850,1489],[245,1489]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1439,"width":1606,"height":50},"line":28,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"e018c10f0447487983bbc3f5c8150ec4","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"being in PUSH. Similarly, for the PULSE group, the weight for each observation will be defined","text_display":" being in PUSH. Similarly, for the PULSE group, the weight for each observation will be defined","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1487],[1854,1487],[1854,1532],[245,1532]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1486,"width":1611,"height":46},"line":29,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"17cf3b34b2e14757a58867d3e03f95a4","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"as the inverse probability that an observation would be assigned to the PULSE group given the","text_display":" as the inverse probability that an observation would be assigned to the PULSE group given the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1530],[1828,1530],[1828,1575],[245,1575]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1529,"width":1585,"height":46},"line":30,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"c3d441ca74bd48809e9e065e9025a472","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"covariates for that observation. The probability of being assigned to PUSH (or PULSE) will be","text_display":" covariates for that observation. The probability of being assigned to PUSH (or PULSE) will be","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1573],[1863,1573],[1863,1620],[245,1620]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1572,"width":1619,"height":48},"line":31,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"ca7f8e41fd6a401da5aaf71214cd38a7","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"estimated as a function of covariates based on a logistic regression model. Candidate variables","text_display":" estimated as a function of covariates based on a logistic regression model. Candidate variables","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1616],[1841,1616],[1841,1665],[245,1665]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1615,"width":1598,"height":51},"line":32,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"cb6ae1c9d35a46339c87b4e67d1364f9","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"for creating the weights will include age, sex, and type of hip fracture; baseline BMI, MNA \\({ }^{\\text {® }}\\)-SF","text_display":" for creating the weights will include age, sex, and type of hip fracture; baseline BMI, MNA \\({ }^{\\text {® }}\\)-SF","confidence":0.538329214323312,"confidence_rate":0.994720949375804},{"cnt":[[245,1661],[1865,1661],[1865,1708],[245,1708]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1660,"width":1621,"height":49},"line":33,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"07293640970d4cfb9a55feceaae3f06b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"score, CES-D score, 3MS score, distance walked in six minutes on SMWT, SPPB score, mPPT","text_display":" score, CES-D score, 3MS score, distance walked in six minutes on SMWT, SPPB score, mPPT","confidence":0.98046875,"confidence_rate":0.9997856261840925},{"cnt":[[245,1706],[1846,1706],[1846,1751],[245,1751]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1705,"width":1602,"height":46},"line":34,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"03cce72ea25346a0ad621b558e5eb048","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"score, NHATS balance score, gait speed on \\(50- ft\\) fast walk, and gait speed on \\(4- m\\) usual walk;","text_display":" score, NHATS balance score, gait speed on \\(50- ft\\) fast walk, and gait speed on \\(4- m\\) usual walk;","confidence":0.9990234375,"confidence_rate":0.9999910363736797},{"cnt":[[245,1749],[1854,1749],[1854,1794],[245,1794]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1748,"width":1611,"height":46},"line":35,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"58cec203ffc04f0991e2ae79cdda384f","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"and the presence of cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, and history of stroke or TIA","text_display":" and the presence of cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, and history of stroke or TIA","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1792],[1841,1792],[1841,1841],[245,1841]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1791,"width":1598,"height":51},"line":36,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"4bd41c58b08f421e84218f3d8ff32b60","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"at baseline. Variables will be ranked for inclusion based on the Beach-Meier approach (Beach","text_display":" at baseline. Variables will be ranked for inclusion based on the Beach-Meier approach (Beach","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[247,1835],[1867,1835],[1867,1884],[247,1884]],"region":{"top_left_x":247,"top_left_y":1834,"width":1620,"height":51},"line":37,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"bbaf8b6e536c4d2480c9acd8382c7e83","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"1989). A common rule of thumb for logistic regression models is that there should be at least 10","text_display":" 1989). A common rule of thumb for logistic regression models is that there should be at least 10","confidence":0.99853515625,"confidence_rate":0.9999853409306202},{"cnt":[[245,1882],[1807,1882],[1807,1927],[245,1927]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1882,"width":1563,"height":46},"line":38,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"e1b0f2c1a4f04342b352ee6c0e9ef826","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"events and 10 non-events for every covariate in the model. We will follow that rule of thumb","text_display":" events and 10 non-events for every covariate in the model. We will follow that rule of thumb","confidence":0.9990234375,"confidence_rate":0.999990229651252},{"cnt":[[245,1925],[1867,1925],[1867,1970],[245,1970]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1925,"width":1623,"height":46},"line":39,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"566be00590594ec78857a01874eaec0f","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"(based on the number of community ambulators observed in our sample) in deciding how many","text_display":" (based on the number of community ambulators observed in our sample) in deciding how many","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1968],[1261,1968],[1261,2015],[245,2015]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1967,"width":1018,"height":49},"line":40,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d2a6636e02ad4095b2c7d039d7704449","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"covariates to include in the model used to estimate weights.","text_display":" covariates to include in the model used to estimate weights.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2056],[1833,2056],[1833,2103],[245,2103]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2056,"width":1589,"height":48},"line":41,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"b348858f10eb4f248b7316a764b45f0a","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"Finally, we will perform a sensitivity analysis to assess the degree to which the conclusions of","text_display":"\n\nFinally, we will perform a sensitivity analysis to assess the degree to which the conclusions of","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2101],[1811,2101],[1811,2146],[245,2146]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2101,"width":1568,"height":46},"line":42,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"3c58df75bb8d4ed4b6c03fb14965a78c","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"the analysis could be affected by biases due to data missing not at random. To do so we will","text_display":" the analysis could be affected by biases due to data missing not at random. To do so we will","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2144],[1008,2144],[1008,2191],[245,2191]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2144,"width":764,"height":48},"line":43,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"2bc14d7673e9441890c29cae717a19bf","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"use the methods described in Magder, 2003.","text_display":" use the methods described in Magder, 2003.","confidence":0.9951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9998935975659943},{"cnt":[[303,2228],[1665,2228],[1665,2329],[303,2329]],"region":{"top_left_x":302,"top_left_y":2227,"width":1364,"height":102},"line":44,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"72bb5033ec9c4557bc0cbcf38528766c","type":"section_header","conversion_output":false,"children_ids":["e2b7b5705a6e4e7aa8ed13407625e5a4","0b63bf95c2bb4774ba91a63364e18968"],"text":"","text_display":""},{"cnt":[[309,2230],[1661,2230],[1661,2282],[309,2282]],"region":{"top_left_x":309,"top_left_y":2230,"width":1352,"height":52},"line":45,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"e2b7b5705a6e4e7aa8ed13407625e5a4","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"parent_id":"72bb5033ec9c4557bc0cbcf38528766c","text":"1.1.3 Assessment of effect modification by site, period, and patient","text_display":"\n\n\\subsection*{1.1.3 Assessment of effect modification by site, period, and patient","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999933096045984},{"cnt":[[434,2282],[735,2282],[735,2322],[434,2322]],"region":{"top_left_x":433,"top_left_y":2281,"width":302,"height":42},"line":46,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"0b63bf95c2bb4774ba91a63364e18968","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"parent_id":"72bb5033ec9c4557bc0cbcf38528766c","text":"characteristics","text_display":" characteristics}","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2329],[1850,2329],[1850,2374],[245,2374]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2328,"width":1606,"height":47},"line":47,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"5c7d6599e490436297f37f630e33069b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"Study site will be investigated as a modifier of the effect of the intervention by testing a site-by-","text_display":"\n\nStudy site will be investigated as a modifier of the effect of the intervention by testing a site-by","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999953924587458},{"cnt":[[245,2372],[1811,2372],[1811,2417],[245,2417]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2371,"width":1568,"height":46},"line":48,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"2e45c32fd80d46eba6b0e17fc9d9c898","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"intervention interaction term on the risk difference scale based on a binary regression model","text_display":"intervention interaction term on the risk difference scale based on a binary regression model","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1848,2535],[1886,2535],[1886,2578],[1848,2578]],"region":{"top_left_x":1847,"top_left_y":2535,"width":40,"height":44},"line":49,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"119b5edf0f8a41a0baa8d67e5ec40217","type":"page_info","conversion_output":false,"text":"4","text_display":"","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1}],"page_height":2750,"page_width":2125,"languages_detected":[]},{"image_id":"2cb79e0e-2bdd-41ff-a546-cb7c3eaa71be-06","page":6,"lines":[{"cnt":[[245,249],[1818,249],[1818,299],[245,299]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":249,"width":1574,"height":50},"line":1,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"8f4f8179b5de4f69b75dec0d1ee45525","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"with an identity link. If there is evidence that study site is an effect modifier (i.e., \\(p <0.1\\) for the","text_display":"\nwith an identity link. If there is evidence that study site is an effect modifier (i.e., \\(p <0.1\\) for the","confidence":0.9951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999566843684435},{"cnt":[[245,296],[1291,296],[1291,342],[245,342]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":296,"width":1048,"height":46},"line":2,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"dd0a1bcd1199439cb062c871c75e1129","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"interaction term), we will report site-specific treatment effects.","text_display":" interaction term), we will report site-specific treatment effects.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,382],[1858,382],[1858,432],[245,432]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":382,"width":1615,"height":50},"line":3,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"bdc5ce5048d642dfb5f141d4bd644557","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"In the fall of 2014, a decision was made to modify the frequency of intervention visits during the","text_display":"\n\nIn the fall of 2014, a decision was made to modify the frequency of intervention visits during the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,425],[1846,425],[1846,475],[245,475]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":425,"width":1602,"height":50},"line":4,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d58f18cad9054eaebfdd0beb2db103ef","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"first 8 weeks from 3 per week to 2 per week. We will assess the impact of this protocol change","text_display":" first 8 weeks from 3 per week to 2 per week. We will assess the impact of this protocol change","confidence":0.9990234375,"confidence_rate":0.9999909533775151},{"cnt":[[245,473],[1742,473],[1742,518],[245,518]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":472,"width":1499,"height":46},"line":5,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"a5caac434e9741a78728d0b64d8ad133","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"on the intervention outcomes in a secondary analysis. To do so, assuming no significant","text_display":" on the intervention outcomes in a secondary analysis. To do so, assuming no significant","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,516],[1858,516],[1858,561],[245,561]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":515,"width":1615,"height":46},"line":6,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"b5bba53311864838b653fde593eca488","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"interaction between site and intervention group, we will assess the statistical significance of the","text_display":" interaction between site and intervention group, we will assess the statistical significance of the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,559],[1861,559],[1861,604],[245,604]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":558,"width":1617,"height":46},"line":7,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"9995fd31689c4ed6a9277d6ffece4256","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"interaction between the period during which the participant was randomized (before vs after the","text_display":" interaction between the period during which the participant was randomized (before vs after the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,602],[1794,602],[1794,649],[245,649]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":601,"width":1550,"height":48},"line":8,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"0ab3529c8a9e43f1aedcdf9f0881b1ec","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"protocol change) and treatment group. If there is a significant interaction, then we will make","text_display":" protocol change) and treatment group. If there is a significant interaction, then we will make","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,647],[1777,647],[1777,694],[245,694]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":646,"width":1533,"height":48},"line":9,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"cd7222ea8d884bedad4223133dfd37c1","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"separate treatment group comparisons in the two periods (one comparison for participants","text_display":" separate treatment group comparisons in the two periods (one comparison for participants","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,692],[1740,692],[1740,737],[245,737]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":691,"width":1497,"height":46},"line":10,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"1e9fc780bf29428ab292a897af12d61a","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"randomized during the period when there were three sessions per week and another for","text_display":" randomized during the period when there were three sessions per week and another for","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,735],[1669,735],[1669,782],[245,782]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":734,"width":1426,"height":49},"line":11,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"98e40ed7b79a4bb7bd7ba80087e5b0ac","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"participants randomized during the period when there were two sessions per week).","text_display":" participants randomized during the period when there were two sessions per week).","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,821],[1768,821],[1768,870],[245,870]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":820,"width":1525,"height":51},"line":12,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"3c7d82dfbdaf4e5fa9e97538eb5826e9","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"In addition, a series of analyses will be performed to examine the differential impact of the","text_display":"\n\nIn addition, a series of analyses will be performed to examine the differential impact of the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,868],[1757,868],[1757,913],[245,913]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":867,"width":1514,"height":47},"line":13,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"36b4c61a6e90474c87a06d9b9746813b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"PUSH intervention relative to the PULSE intervention in subgroups defined by participant","text_display":" PUSH intervention relative to the PULSE intervention in subgroups defined by participant","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,911],[1835,911],[1835,956],[245,956]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":910,"width":1591,"height":47},"line":14,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"0a4294c64d2649d48490c5608e3e18ea","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"characteristics. To do this, a variable-by-intervention interaction term will be tested for each of","text_display":" characteristics. To do this, a variable-by-intervention interaction term will be tested for each of","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,954],[638,954],[638,999],[245,999]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":953,"width":395,"height":47},"line":15,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"098db9418c5047138206b80e54f427e5","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"the following variables:","text_display":" the following variables:","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[309,997],[509,997],[509,1038],[309,1038]],"region":{"top_left_x":309,"top_left_y":996,"width":201,"height":42},"line":16,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"9120cf97fd514b399fdccb55f7257dab","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"1. Gender","text_display":"\n1. Gender","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[305,1042],[1182,1042],[1182,1089],[305,1089]],"region":{"top_left_x":305,"top_left_y":1041,"width":877,"height":49},"line":17,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"de9e082f3a2a43f490c450381843b9f2","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"2. Age at baseline ( \\(\\geq 85\\) years versus \\(60-84\\) years)","text_display":"\n2. Age at baseline ( \\(\\geq 85\\) years versus \\(60-84\\) years)","confidence":0.96875,"confidence_rate":0.9994796649570833},{"cnt":[[305,1087],[1510,1087],[1510,1132],[305,1132]],"region":{"top_left_x":305,"top_left_y":1087,"width":1206,"height":46},"line":18,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"703bb35eb0e5499f94012dcd272b83d2","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"3. Baseline depression (CES-D score \\(\\geq 16\\) versus CES-D score < 16)","text_display":"\n3. Baseline depression (CES-D score \\(\\geq 16\\) versus CES-D score < 16)","confidence":0.7925815582275391,"confidence_rate":0.9967765971051306},{"cnt":[[305,1130],[1852,1130],[1852,1175],[305,1175]],"region":{"top_left_x":305,"top_left_y":1130,"width":1547,"height":46},"line":19,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"da446c1f24634a3583f5a407cba509cc","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"4. Baseline balance confidence (with median Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale","text_display":"\n4. Baseline balance confidence (with median Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[370,1175],[1154,1175],[1154,1222],[370,1222]],"region":{"top_left_x":369,"top_left_y":1175,"width":785,"height":48},"line":20,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"843b0221f4014fe5ba5664e676964122","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"score as the cutpoint to define the subgroups)","text_display":" score as the cutpoint to define the subgroups)","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[305,1216],[1648,1216],[1648,1265],[305,1265]],"region":{"top_left_x":305,"top_left_y":1216,"width":1343,"height":50},"line":21,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"07f4524e441341f496c7e6b93880375c","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"5. Baseline nutritional status (MNA®-SF score \\(<8\\) versus MNA®-SF score \\(\\geq 8\\) )","text_display":"\n5. Baseline nutritional status (MNA®-SF score \\(<8\\) versus MNA®-SF score \\(\\geq 8\\) )","confidence":0.9834737190976739,"confidence_rate":0.9998039678836034},{"cnt":[[305,1263],[1485,1263],[1485,1308],[305,1308]],"region":{"top_left_x":305,"top_left_y":1263,"width":1180,"height":46},"line":22,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"c01715b7ba324967a5d3960425bc746a","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"6. Baseline cognitive status (3MS score \\(<91\\) versus 3 MS score \\(\\geq 91\\) )","text_display":"\n6. Baseline cognitive status (3MS score \\(<91\\) versus 3 MS score \\(\\geq 91\\) )","confidence":0.6371894869935204,"confidence_rate":0.9945847373736098},{"cnt":[[305,1306],[1588,1306],[1588,1351],[305,1351]],"region":{"top_left_x":305,"top_left_y":1306,"width":1283,"height":46},"line":23,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"23d3b21f18444d9081c82e7a2dcc3707","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"7. Baseline physical performance (SPPB score \\(<7\\) versus SPPB score \\(\\geq 7\\) )","text_display":"\n7. Baseline physical performance (SPPB score \\(<7\\) versus SPPB score \\(\\geq 7\\) )","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1392],[1869,1392],[1869,1439],[245,1439]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1392,"width":1626,"height":48},"line":24,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"4c3982fa7bac4922b71031c4736a9efe","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"If the interaction term for any of these subgroup variables is significant, results will be presented","text_display":"\n\nIf the interaction term for any of these subgroup variables is significant, results will be presented","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1437],[1005,1437],[1005,1485],[245,1485]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1437,"width":762,"height":48},"line":25,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"371fe9d1538f46e2ae3fab5624510e79","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"separately in strata of the subgroup variable.","text_display":" separately in strata of the subgroup variable.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[243,1521],[767,1521],[767,1583],[243,1583]],"region":{"top_left_x":242,"top_left_y":1521,"width":525,"height":63},"line":26,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"f057baa4f3ea4fa3bf4139eba1a05777","type":"section_header","conversion_output":false,"children_ids":["e87d73805fea4684b3707f4619987a6b"],"text":"","text_display":""},{"cnt":[[247,1525],[761,1525],[761,1577],[247,1577]],"region":{"top_left_x":247,"top_left_y":1525,"width":514,"height":52},"line":27,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"e87d73805fea4684b3707f4619987a6b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"parent_id":"f057baa4f3ea4fa3bf4139eba1a05777","text":"1.2 Secondary Objectives","text_display":"\n\n\\subsection*{1.2 Secondary Objectives}","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[301,1611],[1055,1611],[1055,1674],[301,1674]],"region":{"top_left_x":300,"top_left_y":1611,"width":755,"height":63},"line":28,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"ae67e262065146009a23c9486622dc6d","type":"section_header","conversion_output":false,"children_ids":["4cb895fe43b0465bb036fcfe6df6f88e"],"text":"","text_display":""},{"cnt":[[309,1618],[1051,1618],[1051,1669],[309,1669]],"region":{"top_left_x":309,"top_left_y":1617,"width":742,"height":53},"line":29,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"4cb895fe43b0465bb036fcfe6df6f88e","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"parent_id":"ae67e262065146009a23c9486622dc6d","text":"1.2.1 Delayed and Sustained Effects","text_display":"\n\n\\subsection*{1.2.1 Delayed and Sustained Effects}","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1671],[1760,1671],[1760,1721],[245,1721]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1671,"width":1516,"height":50},"line":30,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"fadf339389414f06bcee238082503846","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"We will use binary regression models with random intercepts fit by maximum likelihood to","text_display":"\n\nWe will use binary regression models with random intercepts fit by maximum likelihood to","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1714],[1755,1714],[1755,1764],[245,1764]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1714,"width":1512,"height":50},"line":31,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"8c8173ff1b114796ac1b65805c7e5978","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"examine whether the proportion of community ambulators differs between the PUSH and","text_display":" examine whether the proportion of community ambulators differs between the PUSH and","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1762],[1717,1762],[1717,1807],[245,1807]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1761,"width":1473,"height":46},"line":32,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"5aa50095f6864cb1b615276417de5800","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"PULSE interventions at 40 weeks post-randomization. Also we will assess whether the","text_display":" PULSE interventions at 40 weeks post-randomization. Also we will assess whether the","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999946329759618},{"cnt":[[245,1805],[1833,1805],[1833,1850],[245,1850]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1804,"width":1589,"height":46},"line":33,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"80d9b1b763ff48bc8bd3c208afbf39ec","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"difference in proportions at 40 weeks changed from the difference in proportions at 16 weeks.","text_display":" difference in proportions at 40 weeks changed from the difference in proportions at 16 weeks.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1848],[1841,1848],[1841,1895],[245,1895]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1847,"width":1598,"height":48},"line":34,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"9f863d203a7242fd807dd3c46bde4d58","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"This approach will implicitly take into consideration the 16-week outcome in estimating the 40-","text_display":" This approach will implicitly take into consideration the 16-week outcome in estimating the 40","confidence":0.955078125,"confidence_rate":0.9995404842540682},{"cnt":[[245,1891],[1837,1891],[1837,1940],[245,1940]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1890,"width":1593,"height":51},"line":35,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"386ba4a2b42e4c02a45ebe44987cc956","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"week outcome and thereby provides some protection against biases due to missing data. The","text_display":"week outcome and thereby provides some protection against biases due to missing data. The","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1936],[1268,1936],[1268,1983],[245,1983]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1935,"width":1024,"height":49},"line":36,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"eff3f95b1aaf4c04b08ef5733b4d636c","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"longitudinal model for this aim is expressed by the equation:","text_display":" longitudinal model for this aim is expressed by the equation:","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[314,2020],[922,2020],[922,2078],[314,2078]],"region":{"top_left_x":313,"top_left_y":2019,"width":609,"height":59},"line":37,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"6e960382e7f64bc8991668025a228f07","type":"math","conversion_output":true,"text":"\\[\np_{i j}=a_{i}+b 1 X_{i}+b 2 t 40_{i j}+b 3 X_{i t} 40_{i j} .\n\\]","text_display":"\n\\[\np_{i j}=a_{i}+b 1 X_{i}+b 2 t 40_{i j}+b 3 X_{i t} 40_{i j} .\n\\]","confidence":0.6440796852111816,"confidence_rate":0.9939084510414096},{"cnt":[[1371,2024],[1497,2024],[1497,2073],[1371,2073]],"region":{"top_left_x":1370,"top_left_y":2023,"width":128,"height":51},"line":39,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"9762a6a7993b4876a93afb7570cfb4ad","type":"equation_number","conversion_output":false,"text":"(Eq. 1)","text_display":"","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2110],[1852,2110],[1852,2159],[245,2159]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2109,"width":1608,"height":51},"line":40,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"eefb02808ccc4565b6676ecddc5e7714","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"where \\(p _{ ij }\\) is the probability of a community ambulation for participant i at time \\(j , a _{ i }\\) is the random","text_display":"\nwhere \\(p _{ ij }\\) is the probability of a community ambulation for participant i at time \\(j , a _{ i }\\) is the random","confidence":0.9785787800792605,"confidence_rate":0.9998506733274435},{"cnt":[[245,2157],[1858,2157],[1858,2202],[245,2202]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2157,"width":1615,"height":46},"line":41,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"c4d16a5062934018a24de0dc9e68cf8b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"intercept for participant \\(i , X _{ i }\\) is the intervention indicator (1/0) variable; b 1 is the treatment effect","text_display":" intercept for participant \\(i , X _{ i }\\) is the intervention indicator (1/0) variable; b 1 is the treatment effect","confidence":0.49968246769072583,"confidence_rate":0.9947971724616633},{"cnt":[[245,2200],[1876,2200],[1876,2245],[245,2245]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2200,"width":1632,"height":46},"line":42,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"4bbf38d9322443a6b3ae5a0884d8447d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"at 16 weeks; \\(t 40_{ ij }\\) is the 40 -week follow-up time post-randomization indicator ( \\(0=16\\) weeks; \\(1=40\\)","text_display":" at 16 weeks; \\(t 40_{ ij }\\) is the 40 -week follow-up time post-randomization indicator ( \\(0=16\\) weeks; \\(1=40\\)","confidence":0.6669946949680795,"confidence_rate":0.9967910866930019},{"cnt":[[245,2243],[1854,2243],[1854,2290],[245,2290]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2242,"width":1611,"height":49},"line":43,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d2d416e7edd345938f428eb4a734ac5d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"weeks); and \\(X _{ i } t _{ j } 40\\) is the intervention-by-time interaction variable. In fitting this model, 16 -week","text_display":" weeks); and \\(X _{ i } t _{ j } 40\\) is the intervention-by-time interaction variable. In fitting this model, 16 -week","confidence":0.8026508920494624,"confidence_rate":0.9983966486836211},{"cnt":[[245,2286],[1798,2286],[1798,2333],[245,2333]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2285,"width":1555,"height":49},"line":44,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"e8472ea49af84cc6b8be8e819dac3336","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"data points with indeterminate outcomes will not be included. Also 40-week data points with","text_display":" data points with indeterminate outcomes will not be included. Also 40-week data points with","confidence":0.998046875,"confidence_rate":0.9999796352611579},{"cnt":[[245,2329],[1803,2329],[1803,2378],[245,2378]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2328,"width":1559,"height":51},"line":45,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"308449739c00405d9cf5b6d5af28980c","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"indeterminate or missing (by design) outcomes will not be included. The fitted coefficients in","text_display":" indeterminate or missing (by design) outcomes will not be included. The fitted coefficients in","confidence":0.998046875,"confidence_rate":0.9999802523683627},{"cnt":[[245,2374],[1777,2374],[1777,2421],[245,2421]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2374,"width":1533,"height":48},"line":46,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"edc9f20662c743bdb6e36b9e27102835","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"Eq. 1 provide estimates of the proportion of community ambulators in the PUSH vs PULSE","text_display":" Eq. 1 provide estimates of the proportion of community ambulators in the PUSH vs PULSE","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2419],[1764,2419],[1764,2464],[245,2464]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2419,"width":1520,"height":46},"line":47,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"e685f85e84fe48b08c0b47cd861334c4","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"interventions at 16 and 40 weeks post-randomization. To test the null hypothesis of equal","text_display":" interventions at 16 and 40 weeks post-randomization. To test the null hypothesis of equal","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1852,2535],[1886,2535],[1886,2578],[1852,2578]],"region":{"top_left_x":1851,"top_left_y":2535,"width":36,"height":44},"line":48,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d371b6464e1a4abf9b921f389de1d23e","type":"page_info","conversion_output":false,"text":"5","text_display":"","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1}],"page_height":2750,"page_width":2125,"languages_detected":[]},{"image_id":"2cb79e0e-2bdd-41ff-a546-cb7c3eaa71be-07","page":7,"lines":[{"cnt":[[245,249],[1876,249],[1876,299],[245,299]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":249,"width":1632,"height":50},"line":1,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"5ff637f590464120843f2859e69ce1eb","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"proportion of community ambulators in both groups at 40 weeks post-randomization, we will test","text_display":"\nproportion of community ambulators in both groups at 40 weeks post-randomization, we will test","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,296],[1833,296],[1833,342],[245,342]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":296,"width":1589,"height":46},"line":2,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"23ad31afa68c400caca205fa764f6d90","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"the null hypothesis \\(H _{0}\\) : \\(( b 1+ b 3)=0\\) using a two-sided test with type I error of 0.05 . This test will","text_display":" the null hypothesis \\(H _{0}\\) : \\(( b 1+ b 3)=0\\) using a two-sided test with type I error of 0.05 . This test will","confidence":0.66813063621521,"confidence_rate":0.996902717572913},{"cnt":[[245,339],[1841,339],[1841,385],[245,385]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":339,"width":1598,"height":46},"line":3,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"5672648711ea47e9bf79003d7d6bfef4","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"be performed regardless of results from the primary aim. However, the interpretation of results","text_display":" be performed regardless of results from the primary aim. However, the interpretation of results","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,382],[1841,382],[1841,432],[245,432]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":382,"width":1598,"height":50},"line":4,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"f7b3702c8bfb4402b78749df1aa9b85d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"from this test will depend on those from the primary aim. If there is evidence for a difference in","text_display":" from this test will depend on those from the primary aim. If there is evidence for a difference in","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,425],[1717,425],[1717,475],[245,475]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":425,"width":1473,"height":50},"line":5,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"88c77a1826f04fd0ba64c11fdc28d1f9","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"proportion of community ambulators at 16 weeks, then rejecting this hypothesis can be","text_display":" proportion of community ambulators at 16 weeks, then rejecting this hypothesis can be","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,473],[1699,473],[1699,518],[245,518]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":472,"width":1456,"height":46},"line":6,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"0c4594284dab41408a52911081aa6512","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"interpreted as evidence for a sustained effect of the PUSH intervention on community","text_display":" interpreted as evidence for a sustained effect of the PUSH intervention on community","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,516],[1777,516],[1777,561],[245,561]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":515,"width":1533,"height":46},"line":7,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"31f6a115817e4f41bbb7a8fefb570cc8","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"ambulation at 40 weeks; if there is no evidence for a difference in proportion of community","text_display":" ambulation at 40 weeks; if there is no evidence for a difference in proportion of community","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,559],[1794,559],[1794,606],[245,606]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":558,"width":1550,"height":48},"line":8,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"b40ac7cfd0fb4fe18557b114dba3bbfc","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"ambulators at 16 weeks, then rejecting this hypothesis can be interpreted as evidence for a","text_display":" ambulators at 16 weeks, then rejecting this hypothesis can be interpreted as evidence for a","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,602],[1809,602],[1809,649],[245,649]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":601,"width":1565,"height":48},"line":9,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"24a9fb8a035445e18940d502a56c0235","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"delayed effect of the PUSH intervention on community ambulation at 40 weeks. We are also","text_display":" delayed effect of the PUSH intervention on community ambulation at 40 weeks. We are also","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,645],[1712,645],[1712,694],[245,694]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":644,"width":1469,"height":50},"line":10,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"f0055f2b0a064287ad6e03496265bf85","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"interested in describing the trends in community ambulation from 16 to 40 weeks post-","text_display":" interested in describing the trends in community ambulation from 16 to 40 weeks post","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,690],[1871,690],[1871,737],[245,737]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":689,"width":1628,"height":48},"line":11,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"9651cb6129264ddf811fac861be3be50","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"randomization in both groups. To assess the null hypothesis of no change in the between-group","text_display":"randomization in both groups. To assess the null hypothesis of no change in the between-group","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,735],[1635,735],[1635,780],[245,780]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":734,"width":1391,"height":46},"line":12,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"6a75e388d3f144cf90a90cc5c699f52b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"difference of proportion of community ambulators between 16 and 40 weeks post-","text_display":" difference of proportion of community ambulators between 16 and 40 weeks post","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,778],[1863,778],[1863,827],[245,827]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":777,"width":1619,"height":51},"line":13,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"44a5698c16bf4471bda4313656d8ba38","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"randomization, we will test the null hypothesis \\(H _{0}: b 3=0\\) using a Wald chi-square test with type I","text_display":"randomization, we will test the null hypothesis \\(H _{0}: b 3=0\\) using a Wald chi-square test with type I","confidence":0.6362740782046217,"confidence_rate":0.9961431332330537},{"cnt":[[245,821],[1721,821],[1721,870],[245,870]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":820,"width":1477,"height":51},"line":14,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"97197a1b2f5a4656a81777c5dfc454b0","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"error of 0.05 . All treatment effects will be reported with their respective \\(95 \\%\\) confidence","text_display":" error of 0.05 . All treatment effects will be reported with their respective \\(95 \\%\\) confidence","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.999995211771286},{"cnt":[[245,868],[406,868],[406,909],[245,909]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":867,"width":163,"height":42},"line":15,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"7c4267a38c7342c4ba4f934d01f31b42","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"intervals.","text_display":" intervals.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,954],[1830,954],[1830,1001],[245,1001]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":953,"width":1587,"height":49},"line":16,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"b99ca72f18ba46ba89b91e3fd6721176","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"To estimate delayed response and sustainability at an individual level, we will analyze the 40 -","text_display":"\n\nTo estimate delayed response and sustainability at an individual level, we will analyze the 40 ","confidence":0.606532096862793,"confidence_rate":0.995203868820423},{"cnt":[[245,997],[1863,997],[1863,1044],[245,1044]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":996,"width":1619,"height":49},"line":17,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"405be295ca964f849a6b7c14f2f47be6","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"week community ambulation results in strata defined by the 16 -week results. Among those who","text_display":"week community ambulation results in strata defined by the 16 -week results. Among those who","confidence":0.99169921875,"confidence_rate":0.9999166492280784},{"cnt":[[245,1042],[1745,1042],[1745,1089],[245,1089]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1041,"width":1501,"height":49},"line":18,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"05ec9fb175c7470687f17d4eed62125e","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"were not community ambulators at 16 weeks, we will determine the proportion who were","text_display":" were not community ambulators at 16 weeks, we will determine the proportion who were","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1087],[1841,1087],[1841,1132],[245,1132]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1087,"width":1598,"height":46},"line":19,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"fb42e678fabc4bcbab739625764afbe8","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"community ambulators at 40 weeks. Similarly, of those who were community ambulators at 16","text_display":" community ambulators at 40 weeks. Similarly, of those who were community ambulators at 16","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1130],[1777,1130],[1777,1175],[245,1175]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1130,"width":1533,"height":46},"line":20,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"3269067a794a40748bc65af02313f6c5","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"weeks, we will estimate the proportion who were community ambulators at 40 weeks. This","text_display":" weeks, we will estimate the proportion who were community ambulators at 40 weeks. This","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1173],[1790,1173],[1790,1222],[245,1222]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1173,"width":1546,"height":50},"line":21,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"fff5c0b97bc04f909e1cec46b854e22f","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"information can be summarized in each treatment group using a 3 by 3 table with rows and","text_display":" information can be summarized in each treatment group using a 3 by 3 table with rows and","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1216],[1682,1216],[1682,1265],[245,1265]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1216,"width":1439,"height":50},"line":22,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"1e9f6436c7114550bfe0ea36b98a6abd","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"columns indicating community ambulation at 16 and 40 weeks, respectively (yes, no,","text_display":" columns indicating community ambulation at 16 and 40 weeks, respectively (yes, no,","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1263],[509,1263],[509,1308],[245,1308]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1263,"width":266,"height":46},"line":23,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"19d4aa019f024ded969b9e736cba40be","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"indeterminate).","text_display":" indeterminate).","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[305,1345],[1124,1345],[1124,1403],[305,1403]],"region":{"top_left_x":305,"top_left_y":1344,"width":819,"height":59},"line":24,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"cca0f654c2ff402cbe7a053a39c22d4c","type":"section_header","conversion_output":false,"children_ids":["f4730ea45a574e4988ff36388819932c"],"text":"","text_display":""},{"cnt":[[309,1349],[1119,1349],[1119,1399],[309,1399]],"region":{"top_left_x":309,"top_left_y":1349,"width":811,"height":50},"line":25,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"f4730ea45a574e4988ff36388819932c","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"parent_id":"cca0f654c2ff402cbe7a053a39c22d4c","text":"1.2.2 Secondary and Tertiary Outcomes","text_display":"\n\n\\subsection*{1.2.2 Secondary and Tertiary Outcomes}","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999883714843234},{"cnt":[[245,1396],[1764,1396],[1764,1446],[245,1446]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1396,"width":1520,"height":50},"line":26,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"e46b69f56a924f149444fbf4b81d756b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"Secondary outcomes include five variables (endurance, dynamic balance, walking speed,","text_display":"\n\nSecondary outcomes include five variables (endurance, dynamic balance, walking speed,","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1439],[1807,1439],[1807,1489],[245,1489]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1439,"width":1563,"height":50},"line":27,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"bf9ad5106bf54952aa12226912367a41","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"quadriceps strength, and lower extremity function) that are hypothesized to be precursors to","text_display":" quadriceps strength, and lower extremity function) that are hypothesized to be precursors to","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1487],[1854,1487],[1854,1532],[245,1532]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1486,"width":1611,"height":46},"line":28,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"4066e98e9309454e865786aeeb75a434","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"community ambulation. In addition, we will examine the difference between the treatments with","text_display":" community ambulation. In addition, we will examine the difference between the treatments with","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1530],[1807,1530],[1807,1575],[245,1575]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1529,"width":1563,"height":46},"line":29,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"c8cb745d7c1a4a94b657635c3b6fb456","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"respect to the following tertiary outcomes: ADLs, balance confidence, quality of life, physical","text_display":" respect to the following tertiary outcomes: ADLs, balance confidence, quality of life, physical","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1573],[1876,1573],[1876,1622],[245,1622]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1572,"width":1632,"height":51},"line":30,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"8366f45acff7405ebbc0ef7aa12516ac","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"activity, lower extremity physical performance, depressive symptoms, increase of \\(\\geq 50\\) meters in","text_display":" activity, lower extremity physical performance, depressive symptoms, increase of \\(\\geq 50\\) meters in","confidence":0.9990236759185791,"confidence_rate":0.9999904235654993},{"cnt":[[245,1618],[1437,1618],[1437,1665],[245,1665]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1617,"width":1194,"height":49},"line":31,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"fdb17d9841394b9e8451f392602d4a9b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"distance walked in six minutes, cognitive status, and nutritional status.","text_display":" distance walked in six minutes, cognitive status, and nutritional status.","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999937384747559},{"cnt":[[245,1704],[1858,1704],[1858,1751],[245,1751]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1703,"width":1615,"height":48},"line":32,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"2a783d6f1e414fcb89555be0653d5ebc","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"With the exception of \"increase of 50 meters in distance walked in six minutes\", these variables","text_display":"\n\nWith the exception of \"increase of 50 meters in distance walked in six minutes\", these variables","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999953038523912},{"cnt":[[245,1749],[1783,1749],[1783,1794],[245,1794]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1748,"width":1540,"height":46},"line":33,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"a24ddf174b1644488002541fbef61f3c","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"are quantitative. Prior to analyzing the relationship between treatment and the quantitative","text_display":" are quantitative. Prior to analyzing the relationship between treatment and the quantitative","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1792],[1738,1792],[1738,1839],[245,1839]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1791,"width":1495,"height":49},"line":34,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"a20feb0306ac496f996452be5f14f4ea","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"variables we will use histograms and side-by-side box plots to examine the shape of the","text_display":" variables we will use histograms and side-by-side box plots to examine the shape of the","confidence":0.9990234375,"confidence_rate":0.9999893800602199},{"cnt":[[245,1835],[1807,1835],[1807,1884],[245,1884]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1834,"width":1563,"height":51},"line":35,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"18a014ffbad54d55a8d124662fb088fa","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"distributions and identify potential outliers. If the data strongly depart from normality, we will","text_display":" distributions and identify potential outliers. If the data strongly depart from normality, we will","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1882],[1854,1882],[1854,1927],[245,1927]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1882,"width":1611,"height":46},"line":36,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"22e208b2eed142e2b43007ad70998bf2","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"consider transforming the data or using rank-based methods for the analyses described below.","text_display":" consider transforming the data or using rank-based methods for the analyses described below.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1968],[1811,1968],[1811,2013],[245,2013]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1967,"width":1568,"height":47},"line":37,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"7ad6de9b138c4b158d1c30e1cafdba54","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"Mixed effects models fit by restricted maximum likelihood will be used to compare the PUSH","text_display":"\n\nMixed effects models fit by restricted maximum likelihood will be used to compare the PUSH","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2011],[1876,2011],[1876,2058],[245,2058]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2010,"width":1632,"height":49},"line":38,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"231494d6f97f49f1b77deb31b23c16d8","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"and PULSE interventions at 16 and 40 weeks post-randomization with respect to each outcome.","text_display":" and PULSE interventions at 16 and 40 weeks post-randomization with respect to each outcome.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2056],[1779,2056],[1779,2103],[245,2103]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2056,"width":1535,"height":48},"line":39,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"7643fa94a3444d89b5986312b124d69a","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"Increase of \\(\\geq 50 m\\) in distance walked, a dichotomous outcome, will be analyzed using the","text_display":" Increase of \\(\\geq 50 m\\) in distance walked, a dichotomous outcome, will be analyzed using the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2101],[1794,2101],[1794,2146],[245,2146]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2101,"width":1550,"height":46},"line":40,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"402b6e7cdc164b789474cd017e9b86f0","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"same method as the primary outcome. All of the other secondary and tertiary outcomes are","text_display":" same method as the primary outcome. All of the other secondary and tertiary outcomes are","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2144],[1837,2144],[1837,2191],[245,2191]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2144,"width":1593,"height":48},"line":41,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"1d3260e025b246c2b0c40aa3240f848e","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"continuous; therefore, a normal model will be used to estimate the parameters in the following","text_display":" continuous; therefore, a normal model will be used to estimate the parameters in the following","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2187],[410,2187],[410,2237],[245,2237]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2187,"width":167,"height":50},"line":42,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"b9d5c691db994f34bd708deb997b4acc","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"equation:","text_display":" equation:","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[425,2273],[1302,2273],[1302,2331],[425,2331]],"region":{"top_left_x":425,"top_left_y":2273,"width":877,"height":59},"line":43,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"67fded4b05bf4a88bb0cde20c215f770","type":"math","conversion_output":true,"text":"\\[\n\\mu_{i j}=b 0+b 1 t 16_{i j}+b 2 t 40_{i j}+b 3 X_{i} t 16_{i j}+b 4 X_{i} t 40_{i j},\n\\]","text_display":"\n\\[\n\\mu_{i j}=b 0+b 1 t 16_{i j}+b 2 t 40_{i j}+b 3 X_{i} t 16_{i j}+b 4 X_{i} t 40_{i j},\n\\]","confidence":0.8655445575714111,"confidence_rate":0.9984317047166108},{"cnt":[[1366,2277],[1489,2277],[1489,2327],[1366,2327]],"region":{"top_left_x":1366,"top_left_y":2277,"width":123,"height":50},"line":45,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d33cec6051924ac7a46dfe0e1406908f","type":"equation_number","conversion_output":false,"text":"(Eq. 2)","text_display":"","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[243,2368],[1846,2368],[1846,2417],[243,2417]],"region":{"top_left_x":242,"top_left_y":2367,"width":1604,"height":50},"line":46,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"7dffabf7eaa84737909a568379011646","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"where \\(\\mu_{ ij }\\) is the mean of the jth outcome from the ith participant, \\(X_{ i }\\) is the intervention indicator","text_display":"\nwhere \\(\\mu_{ ij }\\) is the mean of the jth outcome from the ith participant, \\(X_{ i }\\) is the intervention indicator","confidence":0.4842068687353855,"confidence_rate":0.9946815239642685},{"cnt":[[245,2413],[1721,2413],[1721,2460],[245,2460]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2412,"width":1477,"height":48},"line":47,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"33a6c98b065e4cb08f61b3f989f48854","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"(1/0) variable; \\(t 16_{ ij }\\) and \\(t 40_{ ij }\\) are the 16 - and 40-week follow-up time post-randomization","text_display":" (1/0) variable; \\(t 16_{ ij }\\) and \\(t 40_{ ij }\\) are the 16 - and 40-week follow-up time post-randomization","confidence":0.7168365931890973,"confidence_rate":0.9974424502109398},{"cnt":[[245,2458],[1848,2458],[1848,2505],[245,2505]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2457,"width":1604,"height":49},"line":48,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"44eeaed8e5184068b6442ccd7e03f822","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"indicators, respectively; and \\(X _{ i } t _{ j } 16\\) and \\(X _{ i } t _{ j } 40\\) are the intervention-by-time interaction variables.","text_display":" indicators, respectively; and \\(X _{ i } t _{ j } 16\\) and \\(X _{ i } t _{ j } 40\\) are the intervention-by-time interaction variables.","confidence":0.6892485956888161,"confidence_rate":0.9977053942559231},{"cnt":[[1850,2535],[1886,2535],[1886,2578],[1850,2578]],"region":{"top_left_x":1849,"top_left_y":2535,"width":38,"height":44},"line":49,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"7234a7ad256a42269c3a1ada76cefb91","type":"page_info","conversion_output":false,"text":"6","text_display":"","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1}],"page_height":2750,"page_width":2125,"languages_detected":[]},{"image_id":"2cb79e0e-2bdd-41ff-a546-cb7c3eaa71be-08","page":8,"lines":[{"cnt":[[245,249],[1854,249],[1854,299],[245,299]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":249,"width":1611,"height":50},"line":1,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"ad5090b4b21e4665873694ddff683c27","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"To account for the correlation between repeated measures from the same person, we will fit an","text_display":"\n\nTo account for the correlation between repeated measures from the same person, we will fit an","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,296],[1760,296],[1760,342],[245,342]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":296,"width":1516,"height":46},"line":2,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"01b20b61199144aa8a587ae16626f0d6","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"unstructured variance/covariance matrix to the three time points. This model accounts for","text_display":" unstructured variance/covariance matrix to the three time points. This model accounts for","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,339],[1762,339],[1762,385],[245,385]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":339,"width":1518,"height":46},"line":3,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"84e3c6fdfa0e4bc685dd5794e4df892d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"outcomes at three time points: baseline, 16 weeks, and 40 weeks post-randomization. By","text_display":" outcomes at three time points: baseline, 16 weeks, and 40 weeks post-randomization. By","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,382],[1876,382],[1876,432],[245,432]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":382,"width":1632,"height":50},"line":4,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"db7f0a0458ab43298477c1a7a280e47c","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"treating the baseline value as an outcome, we quantify mean changes in the outcome relative to","text_display":" treating the baseline value as an outcome, we quantify mean changes in the outcome relative to","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,425],[1794,425],[1794,475],[245,475]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":425,"width":1550,"height":50},"line":5,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"0ce568c4a168435c8041a31ec98b9521","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"baseline levels. Differences between the two groups in changes from baseline to 16 and 40","text_display":" baseline levels. Differences between the two groups in changes from baseline to 16 and 40","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,471],[1772,471],[1772,518],[245,518]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":470,"width":1529,"height":48},"line":6,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"2a7ab4e4ba37466596d8424a59649247","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"weeks post-randomization will be compared using Eq. 2 by testing \\(H _{0}\\) : \\(b 3=0\\) and H 0 : \\(b 4=0\\)","text_display":" weeks post-randomization will be compared using Eq. 2 by testing \\(H _{0}\\) : \\(b 3=0\\) and H 0 : \\(b 4=0\\)","confidence":0.8945572403102998,"confidence_rate":0.9990945046258402},{"cnt":[[245,516],[1828,516],[1828,561],[245,561]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":515,"width":1585,"height":46},"line":7,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"0d3ee03b4e564f899bb7e7afe5973dd2","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"respectively using a Wald chi-square test with type-I error of 0.05 . All treatment effects will be","text_display":" respectively using a Wald chi-square test with type-I error of 0.05 . All treatment effects will be","confidence":0.998046875,"confidence_rate":0.9999817288133145},{"cnt":[[245,559],[1188,559],[1188,604],[245,604]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":558,"width":945,"height":46},"line":8,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d10792ac3f7549bb821c40a0a749dc8c","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"reported with their respective \\(95 \\%\\) confidence intervals.","text_display":" reported with their respective \\(95 \\%\\) confidence intervals.","confidence":0.99609375,"confidence_rate":0.9999388471930164},{"cnt":[[243,642],[1029,642],[1029,696],[243,696]],"region":{"top_left_x":242,"top_left_y":642,"width":788,"height":55},"line":9,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"ce9af87a04584cfe9b1f3cf0038ad520","type":"section_header","conversion_output":false,"children_ids":["6f79aa26dd584a44867224e50b7f43db"],"text":"","text_display":""},{"cnt":[[245,649],[1025,649],[1025,692],[245,692]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":648,"width":781,"height":44},"line":10,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"6f79aa26dd584a44867224e50b7f43db","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"parent_id":"ce9af87a04584cfe9b1f3cf0038ad520","text":"1.3 Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions","text_display":"\n\n\\subsection*{1.3 Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions}","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,692],[1876,692],[1876,741],[245,741]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":691,"width":1632,"height":51},"line":11,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"de680dc11f6f48c49577451c4a10e706","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"To assess the cost-effectiveness of study interventions, the EEC will conduct analyses of within-","text_display":"\n\nTo assess the cost-effectiveness of study interventions, the EEC will conduct analyses of within","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,735],[1869,735],[1869,784],[245,784]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":734,"width":1626,"height":51},"line":12,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"66e0f1d814ac415a8d8f411b9f0d1d67","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"trial comparisons for the economic endpoints (resource utilization/costs and SF-6D/QALYs) and","text_display":"trial comparisons for the economic endpoints (resource utilization/costs and SF-6D/QALYs) and","confidence":0.99462890625,"confidence_rate":0.9999450467147566},{"cnt":[[245,782],[1742,782],[1742,829],[245,829]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":782,"width":1499,"height":48},"line":13,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"dc531e87645c46cab535884e84ae0d30","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"will also undertake a model-based analysis that allows the economic value of both study","text_display":" will also undertake a model-based analysis that allows the economic value of both study","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,825],[1755,825],[1755,872],[245,872]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":825,"width":1512,"height":48},"line":14,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"85854475378b48e4b0e475f52687434b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"interventions to be assessed relative to usual care. Longitudinal modeling appropriate for","text_display":" interventions to be assessed relative to usual care. Longitudinal modeling appropriate for","confidence":0.9990236759185791,"confidence_rate":0.9999897179371111},{"cnt":[[245,868],[1843,868],[1843,917],[245,917]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":867,"width":1600,"height":51},"line":15,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"25a70bd5e4d8458fbdcc4648ade324fd","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"repeated measures data will be used to make inferences on the overall differences in cost and","text_display":" repeated measures data will be used to make inferences on the overall differences in cost and","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,915],[1755,915],[1755,960],[245,960]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":915,"width":1512,"height":46},"line":16,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"87cef5aaae5a414286abab972e2d5333","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"QALYs associated with the study interventions. The basic statistical analyses of cost and","text_display":" QALYs associated with the study interventions. The basic statistical analyses of cost and","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,958],[1689,958],[1689,1003],[245,1003]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":958,"width":1445,"height":46},"line":17,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"8eab4bfe3ea240eaaabf2739fe66885f","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"QALYs will be similar to the approach described for other study endpoints, but will be","text_display":" QALYs will be similar to the approach described for other study endpoints, but will be","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1001],[1250,1001],[1250,1046],[245,1046]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1001,"width":1007,"height":46},"line":18,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"93f7af32f7b24693bbbcb93a674db05d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"undertaken in the EEC in close collaboration with the DCC.","text_display":" undertaken in the EEC in close collaboration with the DCC.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1087],[1803,1087],[1803,1137],[245,1137]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1087,"width":1559,"height":50},"line":19,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"69d89b0c35b04571ab30cf4c437b2ed5","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"Statistical analyses of SF-6D will produce an estimate of the incremental QALYs associated","text_display":"\n\nStatistical analyses of SF-6D will produce an estimate of the incremental QALYs associated","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1130],[1738,1130],[1738,1179],[245,1179]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1130,"width":1495,"height":50},"line":20,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"2dbd4695fd4e49bea445ab56cd37b497","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"with the PUSH intervention at each time point where SF-36 is measured. The estimated","text_display":" with the PUSH intervention at each time point where SF-36 is measured. The estimated","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1177],[1811,1177],[1811,1222],[245,1222]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1177,"width":1568,"height":46},"line":21,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"fb4ec9f0a2514d30acbd0f2adc82993f","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"difference in QALYs attributable to the PUSH intervention will be estimated by taking a time-","text_display":" difference in QALYs attributable to the PUSH intervention will be estimated by taking a time","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1220],[1781,1220],[1781,1268],[245,1268]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1220,"width":1538,"height":48},"line":22,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"f47294bb36354b9e92ca4ce16a2593a0","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"weighted average of the time-specific intervention effects. Statistical analyses of cost data,","text_display":"weighted average of the time-specific intervention effects. Statistical analyses of cost data,","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1265],[1867,1265],[1867,1313],[245,1313]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1265,"width":1623,"height":48},"line":23,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"3aa0654266d84ec388aefb13ebef02ba","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"which will be adjusted to a constant dollar year (e.g., 2012 US dollars), will produce an estimate","text_display":" which will be adjusted to a constant dollar year (e.g., 2012 US dollars), will produce an estimate","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1311],[1515,1311],[1515,1354],[245,1354]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1310,"width":1271,"height":44},"line":24,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"9ffa69af3d4e49fc93aced3113f0104d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"of the incremental costs associated with the PUSH vs.PULSE intervention.","text_display":" of the incremental costs associated with the PUSH vs.PULSE intervention.","confidence":0.9794921875,"confidence_rate":0.9997309320801048},{"cnt":[[245,1396],[1790,1396],[1790,1444],[245,1444]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1396,"width":1546,"height":48},"line":25,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"7527354b5ad643aa836dec31f1747f40","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which is defined as the net change in cost","text_display":"\n\nThe incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which is defined as the net change in cost","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1439],[1830,1439],[1830,1489],[245,1489]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1439,"width":1587,"height":50},"line":26,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"49f801713aa84b02b56843a2879b0dc1","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"divided by the net change in effectiveness (QALYs) when interventions are ranked in order of","text_display":" divided by the net change in effectiveness (QALYs) when interventions are ranked in order of","confidence":0.99853515625,"confidence_rate":0.9999848875607663},{"cnt":[[245,1485],[1878,1485],[1878,1532],[245,1532]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1484,"width":1634,"height":48},"line":27,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"cbc0894dea0546888efb421479f89121","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"increasing cost, is the focus of the economic analysis. When estimated as added cost per QALY","text_display":" increasing cost, is the focus of the economic analysis. When estimated as added cost per QALY","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1530],[1695,1530],[1695,1577],[245,1577]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1529,"width":1452,"height":48},"line":28,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"8536a6463c5f4fa3b0242366d16fe469","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"gained, the ICER allows the value of interventions in hip fracture to be compared with","text_display":" gained, the ICER allows the value of interventions in hip fracture to be compared with","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1573],[1807,1573],[1807,1620],[245,1620]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1572,"width":1563,"height":48},"line":29,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"b2719aac6d8645deb95939487e34dba5","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"interventions in other diseases. ICERs will be estimated using both the statistical analysis of","text_display":" interventions in other diseases. ICERs will be estimated using both the statistical analysis of","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1616],[1794,1616],[1794,1663],[245,1663]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1615,"width":1550,"height":48},"line":30,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"977d54e3cf894261b1bb73eb3cbf9f1f","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"cost and QALY data (i.e., trial-based ICER) and a model-based analysis that combines trial","text_display":" cost and QALY data (i.e., trial-based ICER) and a model-based analysis that combines trial","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1661],[1828,1661],[1828,1708],[245,1708]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1660,"width":1585,"height":49},"line":31,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"e5f9ac265bcf4a83b430c1ceb028f74d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"results with other existing data (i.e., model-based ICER). The trial-based ICER addresses the","text_display":" results with other existing data (i.e., model-based ICER). The trial-based ICER addresses the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1704],[1833,1704],[1833,1749],[245,1749]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1703,"width":1589,"height":46},"line":32,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d26152b4c3f643078607ae7a5519dc08","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"economic value of the PUSH intervention relative to the PULSE, while the model-based ICER","text_display":" economic value of the PUSH intervention relative to the PULSE, while the model-based ICER","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1747],[1798,1747],[1798,1794],[245,1794]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1746,"width":1555,"height":48},"line":33,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"ec8bb9928ffc4d9cae7728ec9bc3830d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"estimates the economic value of the study interventions relative to usual care (as described","text_display":" estimates the economic value of the study interventions relative to usual care (as described","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1792],[376,1792],[376,1841],[245,1841]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1791,"width":132,"height":51},"line":34,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"9cdafe193049406dbb8fd35bf6fc8ee1","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"below).","text_display":" below).","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1878],[1869,1878],[1869,1927],[245,1927]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1877,"width":1626,"height":51},"line":35,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d9cf9e28634644d0b7d8c6fc20099f77","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"The second objective of the cost-effectiveness analysis is to develop and implement a decision-","text_display":"\n\nThe second objective of the cost-effectiveness analysis is to develop and implement a decision","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999951160069457},{"cnt":[[245,1925],[1751,1925],[1751,1970],[245,1970]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1925,"width":1507,"height":46},"line":36,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"5489f9ceb3744a1eb2a3bcb032823b86","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"analytic modeling framework that will incorporate within-trial findings regarding costs and","text_display":"analytic modeling framework that will incorporate within-trial findings regarding costs and","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1968],[1755,1968],[1755,2013],[245,2013]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1967,"width":1512,"height":47},"line":37,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"0f1930f50ed44844993771beeca5c911","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"QALYs for the purpose of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of the PUSH intervention and","text_display":" QALYs for the purpose of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of the PUSH intervention and","confidence":0.9970703125,"confidence_rate":0.9999681093407484},{"cnt":[[245,2011],[1790,2011],[1790,2058],[245,2058]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2010,"width":1546,"height":49},"line":38,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"bb05c4d536f64bd08bce953c45fb277f","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"PULSE relative to usual care. Model-based analyses are commonly employed to extend or","text_display":" PULSE relative to usual care. 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To make inferences about the economic value of the","text_display":" horizon than what is observed in the trial. To make inferences about the economic value of the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2187],[1807,2187],[1807,2237],[245,2237]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2187,"width":1563,"height":50},"line":42,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"f2ea7e63514c4ddc90f0c7195d2ccb5e","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"study interventions relative to usual care, a Markov state-transition modeling framework that","text_display":" study interventions relative to usual care, a Markov state-transition modeling framework that","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2230],[1755,2230],[1755,2279],[245,2279]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2230,"width":1512,"height":50},"line":43,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"b24ee1fe96e04684b66bfd03d5e130bf","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"incorporates trial results will be developed and utilized. Estimates of the cost of the study","text_display":" incorporates trial results will be developed and utilized. Estimates of the cost of the study","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2275],[1796,2275],[1796,2322],[245,2322]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2275,"width":1553,"height":48},"line":44,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"c0bf1a5eae9d441d9b11f924d0e9cc21","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"interventions will be derived from time estimates recorded in the field over the course of the","text_display":" interventions will be derived from time estimates recorded in the field over the course of the","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999950666738041},{"cnt":[[245,2320],[1790,2320],[1790,2368],[245,2368]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2320,"width":1546,"height":48},"line":45,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"5d6d39c404b84e85b887b43bb07df52c","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"study. Estimates of the QALY impact of usual care will be derived from existing hip fracture","text_display":" study. Estimates of the QALY impact of usual care will be derived from existing hip fracture","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2363],[1835,2363],[1835,2411],[245,2411]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2363,"width":1591,"height":48},"line":46,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"4555c7a7bf704ac8a014b112fc98be3c","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"cohorts (control arms of other trials). Estimates of changes in SF-6D for similar patient groups","text_display":" cohorts (control arms of other trials). Estimates of changes in SF-6D for similar patient groups","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2408],[1880,2408],[1880,2451],[245,2451]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2408,"width":1636,"height":44},"line":47,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"9aef06ca1c1a4fa29a18708bd9a1bc64","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"are available from the control arms of BHS RCTs. Because these studies have tracked resource","text_display":" are available from the control arms of BHS RCTs. Because these studies have tracked resource","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2449],[1830,2449],[1830,2499],[245,2499]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2449,"width":1587,"height":50},"line":48,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"c0d242c85bad407a932dc49297fe3111","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"utilization with few questions and follow up measures, extensive sensitivity analyses that vary","text_display":" utilization with few questions and follow up measures, extensive sensitivity analyses that vary","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1850,2535],[1886,2535],[1886,2578],[1850,2578]],"region":{"top_left_x":1849,"top_left_y":2535,"width":38,"height":44},"line":49,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"7cd96f4c1ee440458f4282baf0ac6f3f","type":"page_info","conversion_output":false,"text":"7","text_display":"","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1}],"page_height":2750,"page_width":2125,"languages_detected":[]},{"image_id":"2cb79e0e-2bdd-41ff-a546-cb7c3eaa71be-09","page":9,"lines":[{"cnt":[[245,251],[1790,251],[1790,299],[245,299]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":251,"width":1546,"height":48},"line":1,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"da1789dc00084f6b95287ff83b05bb15","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"the impact of the interventions on resource utilization will be undertaken to characterize the","text_display":"\nthe impact of the interventions on resource utilization will be undertaken to characterize the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,296],[1876,296],[1876,342],[245,342]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":296,"width":1632,"height":46},"line":2,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"96b65fb7f86e43269e36461abe76c419","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"magnitude of change in costs that would be required to qualitatively affect the conclusions of the","text_display":" magnitude of change in costs that would be required to qualitatively affect the conclusions of the","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999952582588333},{"cnt":[[245,339],[576,339],[576,387],[245,387]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":339,"width":332,"height":48},"line":3,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"1bd5b3892d614ce2a58c4f8ecdff793b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"economic analysis.","text_display":" economic analysis.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,425],[1762,425],[1762,475],[245,475]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":425,"width":1518,"height":50},"line":4,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"18b08fa03a6b49788863a32dc2870d94","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"The model-based ICER for the study interventions relative to usual care will be compared","text_display":"\n\nThe model-based ICER for the study interventions relative to usual care will be compared","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,473],[1858,473],[1858,518],[245,518]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":472,"width":1615,"height":46},"line":5,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"360b88d11cfa48848a114509a5af9bd1","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"qualitatively with the costs per additional QALY estimates of other commonly accepted medical","text_display":" qualitatively with the costs per additional QALY estimates of other commonly accepted medical","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,516],[1687,516],[1687,561],[245,561]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":515,"width":1443,"height":46},"line":6,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"42e0ac4eae5c41aab4ed8849be14ed2e","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"interventions. Uncertainty in the model-based analysis will include estimation of cost-","text_display":" interventions. Uncertainty in the model-based analysis will include estimation of cost","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,559],[1729,559],[1729,604],[245,604]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":558,"width":1486,"height":46},"line":7,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"11b67b8bf4414c299eeb2b58b48c2aef","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"effectiveness acceptability curves, which represent the probability that a particular cost-","text_display":"effectiveness acceptability curves, which represent the probability that a particular cost","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,602],[1826,602],[1826,649],[245,649]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":601,"width":1583,"height":48},"line":8,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"21065e8562034176b4ab2a960de711e8","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"effectiveness threshold (e.g., \\$100,000 per QALY gained) is achieved when variability in cost","text_display":"effectiveness threshold (e.g., \\$100,000 per QALY gained) is achieved when variability in cost","confidence":0.96435546875,"confidence_rate":0.9996297082807835},{"cnt":[[245,647],[1283,647],[1283,694],[245,694]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":646,"width":1039,"height":48},"line":9,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"a48094c86ac345c4b6d2c58ad3139bc8","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"and QALYs is considered in probabilistic sensitivity analyses.","text_display":" and QALYs is considered in probabilistic sensitivity analyses.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,735],[1783,735],[1783,780],[245,780]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":734,"width":1540,"height":46},"line":10,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"13907809421841ca8bdfd0f48dee65ab","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"The above cost-effectiveness analyses will not be performed unless at least one of the two","text_display":"\n\nThe above cost-effectiveness analyses will not be performed unless at least one of the two","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,778],[784,778],[784,827],[245,827]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":777,"width":541,"height":51},"line":11,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"a566c46943a743879fc6c88084167bbe","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"following conditions is satisfied:","text_display":" following conditions is satisfied:","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[370,868],[1858,868],[1858,917],[370,917]],"region":{"top_left_x":369,"top_left_y":867,"width":1490,"height":51},"line":12,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"8eff0c5a7ef34ce9ba5598014a9b0c89","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"- There is a statistically significant difference in the primary outcome between groups,","text_display":"\n- There is a statistically significant difference in the primary outcome between groups,","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999947483955305},{"cnt":[[432,913],[503,913],[503,954],[432,954]],"region":{"top_left_x":431,"top_left_y":913,"width":72,"height":41},"line":13,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"1ec8ef9bc76946feac74cc940da5de3d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"OR","text_display":" OR","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[370,958],[1854,958],[1854,1008],[370,1008]],"region":{"top_left_x":369,"top_left_y":958,"width":1486,"height":50},"line":14,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"098e1b65788c4b619fe1037964bb4fbf","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"- There is a statistically significant and clinically meaningful between group difference","text_display":"\n- There is a statistically significant and clinically meaningful between group 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below.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[241,1085],[1850,1085],[1850,1184],[241,1184]],"region":{"top_left_x":240,"top_left_y":1084,"width":1610,"height":100},"line":16,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"abd3ab7e33f34c5a9dab818ea9133648","type":"section_header","conversion_output":false,"children_ids":["1ce5c9cae4484eabbfd9f7d60b5a333b","d26a5a64f5d247128e7de3d75828e647"],"text":"","text_display":""},{"cnt":[[245,1091],[1843,1091],[1843,1137],[245,1137]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1091,"width":1600,"height":46},"line":17,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"1ce5c9cae4484eabbfd9f7d60b5a333b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"parent_id":"abd3ab7e33f34c5a9dab818ea9133648","text":"Clinically meaningful differences for the secondary outcomes at 16 and 40-week follow-","text_display":"\n\n\\section*{Clinically meaningful differences for the secondary outcomes at 16 and 40-week follow","confidence":0.9946351032704115,"confidence_rate":0.9999427746218272},{"cnt":[[245,1141],[314,1141],[314,1182],[245,1182]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1140,"width":70,"height":42},"line":18,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d26a5a64f5d247128e7de3d75828e647","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"parent_id":"abd3ab7e33f34c5a9dab818ea9133648","text":"up:","text_display":"up:}","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1173],[1571,1173],[1571,1502],[245,1502]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1173,"width":1327,"height":329},"line":19,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"7d373124057543a598f89d4ab6b72ca4","type":"table","conversion_output":true,"text":"\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|}\n\\hline & Clinically Meaningful Difference \\\\\n\\hline \\begin{tabular}{l} \nOther Secondary Outcomes: \\\\\nDistance walked in 6 minutes (m)\n\\end{tabular} & \\(50 m^{1}\\) \\\\\n\\hline \\begin{tabular}{l} \nShort Physical Performance Battery \\\\\nscore\n\\end{tabular} & \\(1.0^{1}\\) \\\\\n\\hline Gait speed, \\(50- ft\\) fast walk \\(( m / s )\\) & \\(0.10 m / s ^{2}\\) \\\\\n\\hline Gait speed, \\(4- m\\) usual walk \\(( m / s )\\) & \\(0.10 m / s ^{1}\\) \\\\\n\\hline\n\\end{tabular}","text_display":"\n\n\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|}\n\\hline & Clinically Meaningful Difference \\\\\n\\hline \\begin{tabular}{l} \nOther Secondary Outcomes: \\\\\nDistance walked in 6 minutes (m)\n\\end{tabular} & \\(50 m^{1}\\) \\\\\n\\hline \\begin{tabular}{l} \nShort Physical Performance Battery \\\\\nscore\n\\end{tabular} & \\(1.0^{1}\\) \\\\\n\\hline Gait speed, \\(50- ft\\) fast walk \\(( m / s )\\) & \\(0.10 m / s ^{2}\\) \\\\\n\\hline Gait speed, \\(4- m\\) usual walk \\(( m / s )\\) & \\(0.10 m / s ^{1}\\) \\\\\n\\hline\n\\end{tabular}","confidence":0.8024432729751332,"confidence_rate":0.9994270024696814},{"cnt":[[249,1497],[569,1497],[569,1540],[249,1540]],"region":{"top_left_x":249,"top_left_y":1497,"width":321,"height":44},"line":20,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"028c65465bd14f528f53de6114c13dfe","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"\\({ }^{1}\\) Perara et al, 2006","text_display":"\n\\({ }^{1}\\) Perara et al, 2006","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1538],[642,1538],[642,1583],[245,1583]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1538,"width":399,"height":46},"line":21,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"8ba83c979eff44edbd2e03b783c79457","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"\\({ }^{2}\\) Palombaro et al, 2006","text_display":"\n\\({ }^{2}\\) Palombaro et al, 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At follow-up, scores for scales that have published rules for","text_display":" baseline data will be randomized. 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If necessary, the PAT-D and each of its subscales will be prorated based on nonmissing","text_display":" rules. If necessary, the PAT-D and each of its subscales will be prorated based on nonmissing","confidence":0.79638671875,"confidence_rate":0.9976795292853909},{"cnt":[[245,1852],[1813,1852],[1813,1897],[245,1897]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1851,"width":1570,"height":47},"line":28,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"70224563db88448e907e91b63df32e9e","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"items. However, the whole scale will be considered missing if more than \\(30 \\%\\) of its items are","text_display":" items. 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Similarly, each of the subscales will be missing if more than \\(30 \\%\\) of the subscale items","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999953038523912},{"cnt":[[245,1938],[1858,1938],[1858,1987],[245,1987]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1937,"width":1615,"height":51},"line":30,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"a83ba37400254c04a46ad66ae1e2a363","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"are missing. If necessary, the mPPT will be prorated based on nonmissing items. However, the","text_display":" are missing. If necessary, the mPPT will be prorated based on nonmissing items. However, the","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,1985],[1725,1985],[1725,2030],[245,2030]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":1985,"width":1482,"height":46},"line":31,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"a00d8429bff745468c91c3627edbd640","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"scale will be considered missing if three or more of the tasks were not done because of","text_display":" scale will be considered missing if three or more of the tasks were not done because of","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2028],[1717,2028],[1717,2073],[245,2073]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2028,"width":1473,"height":46},"line":32,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"89276a57100145e0895ab68f3548b54f","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"technical issues (e.g., no stairs available for stair climbing task). All other scales will be","text_display":" technical issues (e.g., no stairs available for stair climbing task). All other scales will be","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2071],[1813,2071],[1813,2118],[245,2118]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2071,"width":1570,"height":48},"line":33,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"6b9796359cf14985910e9dcf365443f3","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"considered missing if any part of the scale is missing. As a secondary analysis, to correct for","text_display":" considered missing if any part of the scale is missing. As a secondary analysis, to correct for","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2116],[1749,2116],[1749,2161],[245,2161]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2116,"width":1505,"height":46},"line":34,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"208edd7aeae24d6889f4169e1643fc0e","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"imbalances due to chance or differential missing data, we will adjust for covariates in our","text_display":" imbalances due to chance or differential missing data, we will adjust for covariates in our","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2159],[1779,2159],[1779,2206],[245,2206]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2159,"width":1535,"height":48},"line":35,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"25d85f914f4744989c6270ff2889c7d7","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"models. Candidate variables that will be adjusted for are age, sex, and type of hip fracture;","text_display":" models. Candidate variables that will be adjusted for are age, sex, and type of hip fracture;","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2204],[1811,2204],[1811,2247],[245,2247]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2204,"width":1568,"height":44},"line":36,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"bb4a9f259fc8440cb975fd346fec576d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"baseline BMI, MNA \\({ }^{\\text {® }}\\)-SF score, CES-D score, 3MS score, distance walked in six minutes on","text_display":" baseline BMI, MNA \\({ }^{\\text {® }}\\)-SF score, CES-D score, 3MS score, distance walked in six minutes on","confidence":0.8358829021453857,"confidence_rate":0.9983414995666696},{"cnt":[[245,2247],[1811,2247],[1811,2292],[245,2292]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2247,"width":1568,"height":46},"line":37,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"9275ec93b72842f282087ce134e41327","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"SMWT, SPPB score, mPPT score, NHATS balance score, gait speed on \\(50- ft\\) fast walk, and","text_display":" SMWT, SPPB score, mPPT score, NHATS balance score, gait speed on \\(50- ft\\) fast walk, and","confidence":0.998046875,"confidence_rate":0.9999796352611579},{"cnt":[[245,2290],[1734,2290],[1734,2340],[245,2340]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2290,"width":1490,"height":50},"line":38,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"4543c65ce92a4547886dbb3ea77f911a","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"gait speed on 4-m usual walk; and the presence of cardiac disease, pulmonary disease,","text_display":" gait speed on 4-m usual walk; and the presence of cardiac disease, pulmonary disease,","confidence":0.998046875,"confidence_rate":0.9999782776266475},{"cnt":[[245,2338],[1824,2338],[1824,2383],[245,2383]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2337,"width":1581,"height":46},"line":39,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"83c98c8c516a46168fde575a1fd2c719","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"diabetes, and history of stroke or TIA at baseline. As described above, these variables will be","text_display":" diabetes, and history of stroke or TIA at baseline. As described above, these variables will be","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2380],[1809,2380],[1809,2426],[245,2426]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2380,"width":1565,"height":46},"line":40,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"10595c1601bd495ea8fa083f7093ee6b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"ranked for inclusion as adjustment variables using the Beach-Meier approach (Beach 1989).","text_display":" ranked for inclusion as adjustment variables using the Beach-Meier approach (Beach 1989).","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,2423],[1858,2423],[1858,2471],[245,2471]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":2423,"width":1615,"height":48},"line":41,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"fc62b97d890147939f5dbead65a40e9b","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"We will adjust for the same number of covariates in this analysis as in the analysis described in","text_display":" We will adjust for the same number of covariates in this analysis as in the analysis described in","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[1852,2535],[1886,2535],[1886,2578],[1852,2578]],"region":{"top_left_x":1851,"top_left_y":2535,"width":36,"height":44},"line":42,"column":0,"font_size":28,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"501f8ac376814f3cb142a55e7f6719a4","type":"page_info","conversion_output":false,"text":"8","text_display":"","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1}],"page_height":2750,"page_width":2125,"languages_detected":[]},{"image_id":"2cb79e0e-2bdd-41ff-a546-cb7c3eaa71be-10","page":10,"lines":[{"cnt":[[245,249],[1880,249],[1880,299],[245,299]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":249,"width":1636,"height":50},"line":1,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"20d8eb019c6540f4b6c09194d3af41ab","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"above for covariate adjustment for the analysis of our primary outcome. This approach will result","text_display":"\nabove for covariate adjustment for the analysis of our primary outcome. This approach will result","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,296],[1674,296],[1674,342],[245,342]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":296,"width":1430,"height":46},"line":2,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"5a092c2c5df9472cb62826adddacbcf6","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"in unbiased estimates if the missingness is at random, conditional on the covariates.","text_display":" in unbiased estimates if the missingness is at random, conditional on the covariates.","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,380],[838,380],[838,436],[245,436]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":380,"width":594,"height":57},"line":3,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"8adbcbac0f7247e3b148aab272655b02","type":"section_header","conversion_output":false,"children_ids":["1d0fcb9cf6624371bf7bb844b7c8276d"],"text":"","text_display":""},{"cnt":[[249,387],[836,387],[836,432],[249,432]],"region":{"top_left_x":249,"top_left_y":386,"width":587,"height":46},"line":4,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"1d0fcb9cf6624371bf7bb844b7c8276d","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"parent_id":"8adbcbac0f7247e3b148aab272655b02","text":"1.5 Accounting for Variability","text_display":"\n\n\\subsection*{1.5 Accounting for Variability}","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,432],[1876,432],[1876,477],[245,477]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":431,"width":1632,"height":46},"line":5,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"e504fb7579674d09808e55485c6c3393","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"To address the possibility that variation between physical therapists could affect the findings, we","text_display":"\n\nTo address the possibility that variation between physical therapists could affect the findings, we","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,477],[1781,477],[1781,522],[245,522]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":476,"width":1538,"height":47},"line":6,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"e0630ea7eb004bf6a878cd0fef9fc3af","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"will rerun the analyses including a random effect for physical therapist. Also, to account for","text_display":" will rerun the analyses including a random effect for physical therapist. Also, to account for","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[245,520],[1712,520],[1712,565],[245,565]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":519,"width":1469,"height":47},"line":7,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"1db9512a21ce498d965e59571655cdb8","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"variability between clinical sites, we will run analyses including a random effect for site.","text_display":" variability between clinical sites, we will run analyses including a random effect for site.","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999949649559944},{"cnt":[[245,649],[462,649],[462,694],[245,694]],"region":{"top_left_x":244,"top_left_y":648,"width":218,"height":46},"line":8,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"5321ddff34654573bd689b90252a4039","type":"section_header","conversion_output":false,"children_ids":["a4016d52152a484496a18a5f17576f24"],"text":"","text_display":""},{"cnt":[[249,649],[458,649],[458,690],[249,690]],"region":{"top_left_x":249,"top_left_y":648,"width":209,"height":42},"line":9,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"a4016d52152a484496a18a5f17576f24","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"parent_id":"5321ddff34654573bd689b90252a4039","text":"References","text_display":"\n\n\\section*{References}","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1},{"cnt":[[247,739],[1807,739],[1807,784],[247,784]],"region":{"top_left_x":247,"top_left_y":739,"width":1560,"height":46},"line":10,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"7f4ac3280f3949daaa858cc535e80fb9","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"Beach ML, Meier P, 1989, Choosing Covariates in the Analysis of Clinical Trials\", Controlled","text_display":"\n\nBeach ML, Meier P, 1989, Choosing Covariates in the Analysis of Clinical Trials\", Controlled","confidence":0.9980475902557373,"confidence_rate":0.9999798525928524},{"cnt":[[249,782],[735,782],[735,823],[249,823]],"region":{"top_left_x":249,"top_left_y":782,"width":486,"height":41},"line":11,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"d377d841e6684b79b8162cd5a77b7503","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"Clinical Trials 10:161S-175S","text_display":" Clinical Trials 10:161S-175S","confidence":0.83544921875,"confidence_rate":0.9945667618336143},{"cnt":[[247,870],[1846,870],[1846,917],[247,917]],"region":{"top_left_x":247,"top_left_y":870,"width":1599,"height":48},"line":12,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"7f45a9f0ec45482298bc3493fcf63819","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"Chan, I. S. F. and Zhang, Z. (1999), \"Test-Based Exact Confidence Intervals for the Difference","text_display":"\n\nChan, I. S. F. and Zhang, Z. (1999), \"Test-Based Exact Confidence Intervals for the Difference","confidence":0.99951171875,"confidence_rate":0.9999950666738041},{"cnt":[[247,915],[1222,915],[1222,960],[247,960]],"region":{"top_left_x":247,"top_left_y":915,"width":976,"height":46},"line":13,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"6fbbcf5d51384ce6884f718fc9d09d18","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"of Two Binomial Proportions,\" Biometrics, 55, 1202-1209","text_display":" of Two Binomial Proportions,\" Biometrics, 55, 1202-1209","confidence":0.9990234375,"confidence_rate":0.999983716138453},{"cnt":[[247,1001],[1296,1001],[1296,1051],[247,1051]],"region":{"top_left_x":247,"top_left_y":1001,"width":1049,"height":50},"line":14,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"4649bab10546403caf3e2fe131a2ab98","type":"text","conversion_output":true,"text":"Magder LS, Controlled Clinical Trials, 2003 Aug;24(4):411-21.","text_display":"\n\nMagder LS, Controlled Clinical Trials, 2003 Aug;24(4):411-21.","confidence":0.9990236759185791,"confidence_rate":0.9999858435640262},{"cnt":[[1852,2535],[1886,2535],[1886,2578],[1852,2578]],"region":{"top_left_x":1851,"top_left_y":2535,"width":36,"height":44},"line":15,"column":0,"font_size":35,"is_printed":true,"is_handwritten":false,"id":"191aac0b24ae426f9850239173d47384","type":"page_info","conversion_output":false,"text":"9","text_display":"","confidence":1,"confidence_rate":1}],"page_height":2750,"page_width":2125,"languages_detected":[]}]}