Official Title: A Phase IIIB, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Alteplase in Patients With Mild Stroke: Rapidly Improving Symptoms and Minor Neurologic Deficits (PRISMS)
NCT Number: NCT02072226
Document Date(s): Protocol version 1: 27 November 2013
Protocol version 2: 22 August 2014
Protocol version 3: 8 January 2015
PROTOCOL
TITLE:
A PHASE IIIb, DOUBLE-BLIND, MULTICENTER STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ALTEPLASE IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE: RAPIDLY IMPROVING SYMPTOM MINOR NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS (PRISMS)
PROTOCOL NUMBER:
ML29093 / NCT02072226
VERSION NUMBER:
1
EUDRACT NUMBER:
N/A
IND NUMBER:
3811
TEST PRODUCT:
Alteplase (RO5532960)
LEAD PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:
□ M.D.
MEDICAL MONITOR:
M.D.
SPONSOR:
Genentech, Inc.
1 DNA Way South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990 U.S.A
DATE FINAL:
See electronic date stamp below
PROTOCOL APPROVAL
Approver's Name
Title
Date and Time (UTC)
27-Nov-2013 20:29:11
CONFIDENTIAL STATEMENT
The information contained in this document, especially any unpublished data, is the property of Genentech, Inc. (or under its control) and therefore is provided to you in confidence as an investigator, potential investigator, or consultant, for review by you, your staff, and an applicable Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board. It is understood that this information will not be disclosed to others without written authorization from Genentech except to the extent necessary to obtain informed consent from persons to whom the drug may be administered.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROTOCOL ACCEPTANCE FORM ..... 7
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS ..... 8
BACKGROUND ..... 15
1.1 Background on Acute Ischemic Stroke ..... 15
1.2 Background on Alteplase ..... 15
1.2.1 Fibrinolysis and Tissue Plasminogen Activator ..... 15
1.3 Study Rationale and Benefit-Risk Assessment ..... 16
STUDY DESIGN ..... 19
3.1 Description of Study ..... 19
3.2 Length of Study ..... 20
3.3 End of Study ..... 20
3.3.1 Number of Patients ..... 20
3.4 Rationale for Study Design ..... 21
3.4.1 Rationale for Alteplase Dosage ..... 21
3.4.2 Rationale for Patient Population ..... 21
3.4.3 Rationale for Control Group ..... 23
3.5 Outcome Measures ..... 24
3.5.1 Efficacy Outcome Measures ..... 24
3.5.2 Safety Outcome Measures ..... 24
3.5.3 Exploratory Outcome Measures ..... 25
MATERIALS AND METHODS ..... 25
4.1 Patients ..... 25
4.1.1 Inclusion Criteria ..... 25
4.1.2 Exclusion Criteria ..... 26
4.2 Method of Treatment Assignment and Blinding ..... 27
4.3 Study Treatment ..... 29
4.3.1 Formulation, Packaging, and Handling ..... 29
4.3.1.1 Alteplase ..... 29
4.3.1.2 Alteplase Placebo ..... 29
4.3.1.3 Aspirin ..... 29
4.3.1.4 Aspirin Placebo ..... 30
4.3.2 Dosage, Administration, and Compliance ..... 30
4.3.2.1 Alteplase ..... 30
4.3.3 Investigational Medicinal Product Accountability ..... 31
4.3.4 Investigational Medicinal Product ..... 31
4.3.4.1 Alteplase and Placebo ..... 31
4.3.4.2 Non-investigational Medicinal Products ..... 31
4.3.5 Post-Trial Access to Alteplase ..... 31
4.4 Concomitant Therapy ..... 32
4.4.1 Permitted Therapy ..... 32
4.4.2 Prohibited Therapy ..... 32
4.5 Study Assessments ..... 32
4.5.1 Description of Study Assessments ..... 32
4.5.1.1 Informed Consent Forms and Screening Log ..... 32
4.5.1.2 Medical History and Demographic Data ..... 33
4.5.1.3 Neurological Examinations ..... 33
4.5.1.4 Vital Signs ..... 33
4.5.1.5 Laboratory Assessments ..... 33
4.5.1.6 Other Disease-Specific Assessments ..... 34
4.5.2 Patient-Reported Outcomes ..... 34
4.6 Timing of Study Assessments ..... 35
4.6.1 Screening/Baseline (Visit 1) ..... 35
4.6.2 Visit 2 (22 to 36 Hours after Treatment Initiation) ..... 36
4.6.3 Visit 3 (Day 5 or Discharge from Hospital, if Sooner than Day 5) ..... 36
4.6.4 Visit 4 (Day 30 [ Days]) ..... 36
4.6.5 Visit 5 (Day Days]/Study Completion) ..... 36
4.6.6 Early Discontinuation ..... 37
4.7 Patient, Treatment, Study, and Site Discontinuation ..... 37
4.7.1 Patient Discontinuation ..... 37
4.7.2 Study Treatment Discontinuation ..... 37
4.7.3 Study and Site Discontinuation ..... 38
ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY ..... 38
5.1 Safety Plan ..... 38
5.1.1 Risk of Bleeding ..... 38
5.1.2 Risk of Allergic Reactions ..... 39
5.2 Safety Parameters and Definitions ..... 39
5.2.1 Adverse Events ..... 40
5.2.2 Serious Adverse Events (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor) ..... 40
5.2.3 Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor) ..... 41
5.3 Methods and Timing for Capturing and Assessing Safety Parameters ..... 41
5.3.1 Adverse Event Reporting Period ..... 41
5.3.2 Assessment of Severity of Adverse Events ..... 42
5.3.3 Assessment of Causality of Adverse Events ..... 42
5.3.3.1 Diagnosis versus Signs and Symptoms. ..... 43
5.3.3.2 Adverse Events Occurring Secondary to Other Events ..... 43
5.3.3.3 Persistent or Recurrent Adverse Events ..... 44
5.3.3.4 Abnormal Laboratory Values ..... 44
5.3.3.5 Abnormal Vital Sign Values ..... 45
5.3.3.6 Deaths ..... 45
5.3.3.7 Preexisting Medical Conditions ..... 46
5.3.3.8 Lack of Efficacy or Worsening of Acute Ischemic Stroke ..... 46
5.3.3.9 Hospitalization or Prolonged Hospitalization ..... 46
5.3.3.10 Adverse Events Associated with an Overdose ..... 46
5.3.3.11 Patient-Reported Outcome Data ..... 47
5.4 Immediate Reporting Requirements from Investigator to Sponsor ..... 47
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
5.4.1 Emergency Medical Contacts ..... 47
5.4.2 Reporting Requirements for Serious Adverse Events and Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest ..... 48
5.4.3 Reporting Requirements for Pregnancies ..... 48
5.4.3.1 Pregnancies in Female Patients ..... 48
5.4.3.2 Congenital Anomalies/Birth Defects and Abortions ..... 48
5.5 Follow-Up of Patients after Adverse Events ..... 49
5.5.1 Investigator Follow-Up ..... 49
5.5.2 Sponsor Follow-Up ..... 49
5.6 Post-Study Adverse Events ..... 49
5.7 Expedited Reporting to Health Authorities, Investigators, Institutional Review Boards, and Ethics Committees ..... 50
DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT ..... 52
7.1 Data Quality Assurance ..... 52
7.2 Electronic Case Report Forms ..... 53
7.3 Source Data Documentation ..... 53
7.4 Use of Computerized Systems ..... 54
7.5 Retention of Records ..... 54
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ..... 54
8.1 Compliance with Laws and Regulations ..... 54
8.2 Informed Consent ..... 55
8.3 Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee ..... 55
8.4 Confidentiality ..... 56
8.5 Financial Disclosure ..... 56
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 1 ..... 5
STUDY DOCUMENTATION, MONITORING, AND ADMINISTRATION ..... 56
9.1 Study Documentation ..... 56
9.2 Protocol Violations ..... 57
9.3 Site Inspections ..... 57
9.4 Administrative Structure ..... 57
9.5 Protocol Amendments ..... 58
REFERENCES ..... 59
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Comparison of PRISMS and NINDS Studies ..... 18
Table 2 NIHSS Exclusion Criteria of Recently Completed and Ongoing Acute Ischemic Stroke Trials ..... 22
Table 3 Intracranial Hemorrhage Definitions ..... 25
Table 4 Adverse Event Severity Grading Scale ..... 42
Table 5 Causal Attribution Guidance ..... 43
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Study Schema ..... 20
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Schedule of Assessments ..... 62
Appendix 2 Alteplase Administration ..... 65
Appendix 3 Reconstitution of Vials ..... 66
Appendix 4 European Quality of Life-5D (EQ-5D) Questionnaire ..... 67
Appendix 5 Stroke Index Scale (SIS-16) ..... 69
Appendix 6 Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression (CES-D) Scale, NIMH ..... 70
Appendix 7 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ..... 71
Appendix 8 Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ..... 75
Appendix 9 Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) ..... 76
Appendix 10 Barthel Index (BI) ..... 77
Appendix 11 Cognitive Assessments ..... 79
Appendix 1210 Meter Walk Test ..... 88
Appendix 13 Preferred Terms for Intracranial Hemorrhage ..... 91
Appendix 14 WHO Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events ..... 92
PROTOCOL ACCEPTANCE FORM
TITLE
A PHASE IIIb, DOUBLE-BLIND, MULTICENTER STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ALTEPLASE IN PATIENTS WITH MILD STROKE: RAPIDLY IMPROVING SYMPTOMS AND MINOR NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS (PRISMS)
PROTOCOL NUMBER: ML29093
VERSION NUMBER: 1
EUDRACT NUMBER: N/A
IND NUMBER: 3811
TEST PRODUCT: Alteplase (RO5532960)
LEAD PRINCIPAL , M.D. INVESTIGATOR:
MEDICAL MONITOR: , M.D.
SPONSOR: Genentech, Inc.
1 DNA Way
South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990 U.S.A
I agree to conduct the study in accordance with the current protocol.
Principal Investigator's Name (print)
Principal Investigator's Signature
Date
Please return a copy of this form as instructed by your local study monitor and retain a copy for your study files.
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS
TITLE:
A PHASE IIIb, DOUBLE-BLIND, MULTICENT EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY O PATIENTS WITH MILD STROKE: RAPIDLY I SYMPTOMS AND MINOR NEUROLOGIC DEF
PROTOCOL NUMBER:
ML29093
VERSION NUMBER:
1
EUDRACT NUMBER:
N/A
IND NUMBER:
3811
TEST PRODUCT:
Alteplase (RO5532960)
PHASE:
lllb
INDICATION:
Acute ischemic stroke
SPONSOR:
Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990 U.S.A.
Objectives
Primary Objectives
The primary objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of intravenous (IV) alteplase for treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with mild stroke (also known as "minor neurologic deficit" and "rapidly improving stroke symptoms"), defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and not clearly disabling, within 3 hours of last known well time as measured by the proportion of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-1 at Day 90.
Secondary Objectives
The secondary objectives of this study are as follows:
To further evaluate efficacy of IV alteplase to improve mild stroke outcomes at Day 90 via:
Ordinal improvement in mRS
Neurological outcome (as measured by NIHSS 0-1)
Independence in instrumental activities of daily (Barthel Index )
Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 0-1
Global favorable recovery (Global Statistic with contributions from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, BI , and GOS 0-1)
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs)
Exploratory Objectives
The exploratory objectives for this study include subgroup analyses of the primary efficacy outcome variable in subgroups defined by age ( vs. ), pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. ), last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours), and stroke subgroups (rapidly improving stroke symptoms [RISS] vs. non-RISS), respectively.
The following endpoints will also be explored:
Stroke recurrence (based on AE monitoring) within 90 days
Cognition ( 30 -minute assessment: animal naming, controlled oral word association test, digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, 15 -item Boston Naming Test, forward and backward Digit Span test, and Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure test) at Day 90
Ambulatory performance (as measured by walking speed) at Day 90
Depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression [CES-D] score) at Day 90
Quality of life (European Quality of Life [EQ-5D] questionnaire) at Day 90
Stroke Impact Scale-16 (SIS-16) at Day 90
Study Design
Description of Study
PRISMS is a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, Phase IIIb study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IV alteplase in AIS patients with mild strokes that do not appear to be clearly disabling. The trial will consist of a screening assessment, randomization, and treatment followed by a 30 -day phone call and a 90 -day follow-up visit. Treatment should start within 3 hours from last known well time (stroke symptom onset).
Screening assessments will determine the eligibility of the patient. Patients meeting eligibility criteria will be randomized in a ratio to receive either 1) one dose of alteplase IV (not to exceed 90 mg ) and one dose of oral aspirin placebo within 3 hours of last known well time or 2 ) one dose of IV alteplase placebo and one dose of oral aspirin 325 mg within 3 hours of last known well time.
Number of Patients
Approximately 948 patients with AIS and mild strokes will be enrolled in the study across 75 sites in the United States and Canada.
Target Population
Inclusion Criteria
Patients must meet the following criteria for study entry:
Age years (no upper age limit)
Mild ischemic stroke defined as the most recent pre-treatment NIHSS score of and determined as not clearly disabling by the investigator. This includes patients with persistently mild deficits as well as those who improve to a pre-treatment NIHSS score (also known as RISS).
Study treatment can be initiated within 3 hours of last known well time without stroke symptoms (i.e., last seen normal).
Signed informed consent prior to initiation of any study-specific procedure or treatment. The patient or the patient's legally authorized representative must be able to provide written informed consent and understand the potential risks and benefits from study enrollment and treatment.
Exclusion Criteria
Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry:
Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings consisting of one of the following:
Clear large hypodensity on CT (or concurrent diffusion-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity on MRI) that is greater than one-third middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory
Imaging lesion consistent with acute hemorrhage of any degree, OR
Evidence of intraparenchymal tumor
Disability (historical mRS score ) prior to the presenting stroke
Standard contraindications to IV alteplase for patients treated within 3 hours of symptom onset, including:
Head trauma or previous stroke within the previous 3 months
Myocardial infarction within the previous 3 months
Gastrointestinal or urinary tract hemorrhage within the previous 21 days
Major surgery within the previous 14 days
Arterial puncture at a non-compressible site within the previous 7 days
Any history of ICH with the exception of chronic microbleeds on MRI
Elevated blood pressure (systolic or diastolic ), or the use of aggressive measures (use of more than two intravenous agents to lower blood pressure) to achieve blood pressure within acceptable parameters
Treatment with heparin within the last 48 hours and activated partial thromboplastin time outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Blood glucose
International normalized ratio (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Platelet count of (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) within the last 48 hours
Allergic reactions to study drug or aspirin
Females of childbearing age who are known to be pregnant and/or lactating, or who have a positive pregnancy test on admission
Inability to swallow, which would prevent oral intake of aspirin or aspirin placebo tablet
Other serious, advanced, or terminal illness that would confound the clinical outcome at 90 days
Current or recent (within 3 months) participation in another investigational drug treatment protocol
Anticipated inability to obtain 3 -month follow-up assessments
Previous enrollment in PRISMS
Any other condition that the investigator feels would pose a significant hazard to the patient if treatment with alteplase is initiated
Length of Study
Based on study enrollment projections, this study is estimated to take approximately 4 years to complete, from first patient in to last patient's last visit (LPLV), when the final patient completes the 90-day follow-up.
End of Study
The end of the study is defined as the date when the LPLV occurs. The LPLV is expected to occur approximately 90 days ( days) after the last patient is enrolled into the study.
Efficacy Outcome Measures
The primary efficacy outcome measure for this study is:
A favorable functional outcome, defined by an mRS score of 0 or 1 at Day 90 post-randomization
All mRS assessments will be made by investigators blinded to treatment assignment who are trained and certified in mRS administration
The secondary efficacy outcomes are measured at Day 90 and listed below:
Ordinal improvement in mRS
Neurological outcome (as measured by NIHSS 0-1)
Instrumental activities of daily living, as measured by the
GOS 0-1
Global outcome (Global Statistic with contributions from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, BI , and GOS 0-1)
Safety Outcome Measures
The safety outcome measures for this study are as follows:
Incidence of SICH within 36 hours (see below)
sICH, defined as any neurological decline attributed to new ICH seen on imaging by the investigator and later confirmed on independent reading by blinded central study radiologists
Any ICH within 36 hours
Overall mortality within 90 days
Stroke-related and neurological deaths
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all AEs and SAEs
Investigational Medicinal Products
Test Product
Patients randomized to the active arm will receive treatment with of IV alteplase (maximum 90 mg ) per standard stroke dosing.
Comparator
Patients randomized to the placebo arm will receive IV alteplase placebo consisting of 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80, and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
Non-Investigational Medicinal Products
Comparator
To maintain standard medical care, patients randomized to the IV alteplase placebo arm will receive 325 mg of oral aspirin at the same time that they receive IV alteplase placebo.
Comparator
Patients in the IV alteplase active arm will receive an oral aspirin placebo tablet at the same time they receive IV alteplase. The placebo will be identical to active aspirin in appearance to maintain treatment blinding.
Statistical Methods
Primary Analysis
The primary efficacy analysis will test the hypothesis of superiority of IV alteplase therapy over standard medical care in AIS patients with mild symptoms. The primary efficacy outcome is the proportion of patients with a favorable outcome, defined by mRS score of 0 or 1 at 90 days
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 1
post-randomization. The difference in the proportion of mRS 0-1 responders (favorable outcome) at 90 days post-randomization between the IV alteplase arm and the standard medical care arm will be compared via a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, stratified by pretreatment NIHSS score ( vs. ), age (<65 vs. ), and last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours). The primary efficacy analysis will include all randomized patients, with patients grouped according to the treatment assigned at randomization adhering to the intent-to-treat (ITT) principle. As a sensitivity analysis, results from the univariate Pearson's chisquare test will also be presented.
Determination of Sample Size
A sample size of 856 is required in order to achieve power in the primary analysis to detect effect size of absolute difference in the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes between alteplase and control arms. The above power consideration assumes a control proportion of and Type I error probabilities of 0.025 (one-sided), and uses a group sequential design with one interim analysis for futility (non-binding), based on O'Brien and Fleming boundary, after 50% of the anticipated sample size have completed the 90-day follow-up assessments. □ was used in sample size calculation.
The ITT principle will be applied to the primary analysis and, therefore, to safeguard against dilution of the treatment effect associated with an approximate non-adherence rate (due to lost to follow-up, consent withdrawal, and treatment crossovers), the above sample needs to be inflated by a factor of or 1.108 (Friedman et al. 1998). Therefore, a total sample size of 948 is required for this study.
Interim Analysis
One interim analysis of the primary efficacy outcome is planned for clear futility, conducted according to the beta-spending approach with O'Brien and Fleming-type boundaries. This futility analysis will occur after approximately of patients (or 474 ) have completed the 90-day assessment.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Abbreviation
Definition
AE
adverse event
AESI
adverse event of special interest
AIS
acute ischemic stroke
aPTT
activated partial thromboplastin time
BI
Barthel Index
CES-D
Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression
CRO
contract research organization
CT
computed tomography
DW
diffusion-weighted
EC
Ethics Committee
eCRF
electronic Case Report Form
EDC
electronic data capture
EQ-5D
European Quality of Life questionnaire
FDA
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FLAIR
fluid attenuated inversion recovery
GOS
Glasgow Outcome Scale
GRE
gradient echo
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
ICH
intracranial hemorrhage
ID
identification
iDCC
independent Data Coordinating Center
iDMC
independent Data Monitoring Committee
IMP
investigational medicinal product
IND
Investigational New Drug (application)
INR
international normalized ratio
IRB
Institutional Review Board
IST-3
third International Stroke Trial
ITT
intent-to-treat
IU
international units
IV
intravenous
IxRS
Interactive Voice/Web Response System
LHH
likelihood of being helped vs. harmed
LPLV
last patient's last visit
MCA
middle cerebral artery
MedDRA
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities
Abbreviation
Definition
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
mRS
modified Rankin Scale
NIHSS
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
NINDS
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
NNH
number needed to harm
NNT
number needed to treat
PRO
patient-reported outcome
RISS
rapidly improving stroke symptoms
rPH
remote parenchymal hematoma
SAE
serious adverse event
SAP
Statistical Analysis Plan
sICH
symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage
SIS-16
Stroke Impact Scale-16
STIAMP
Suspected Transmission of an Infectious Agent via a Medicinal Product
SWFI
sterile water for injection
SW
susceptibility-weighted
t-PA
tissue plasminogen activator
U.S.
United States
USPI
U.S. Package Insert
WHO
World Health Organization
1. BACKGROUND
1.1 BACKGROUND ON ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States (U.S.). Nearly 800,000 strokes occur in the U.S. annually; of these, approximately are ischemic in nature (Rosamond et al. 2007). Treatment options are limited, as the only approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is alteplase, which is to be used in eligible patients and started within 3 hours from the onset of stroke symptoms. Stroke with "only minor or rapidly improving stroke symptoms" is considered a relative exclusion by national clinical guidelines, as these patients were largely excluded from definitive trials to date (Jauch et al. 2013). Consistent with this recommendation, only of alteplase recipients have mild strokes (Smith et al. 2011).
More than half of all ischemic stroke patients have mild strokes at initial presentation in population-based studies (Dhamoon et al. 2009; Reeves et al. 2013). Yet, a substantial proportion of ischemic stroke patients who arrive within hours of symptom onset are not treated with intravenous (IV) alteplase primarily due to mild symptoms at the time of the treatment decision (Smith et al. 2011; De Los Rios la Rosa et al. 2012). In a national registry, among 93,517 cases arriving to Emergency Departments within 2 hours, were not treated solely due to mild or improving symptoms, and of untreated cases had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (Smith et al. 2011).
While treatment of mild stroke is generally uncommon, leading stroke centers vary widely in their approach. For example, the proportion of mild stroke patients (NIHSS < 4) treated with reperfusion therapies at National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Specialized Programs of Translational Research in Acute Stroke (SPOTRIAS) centers ranged from 2% - 16% in 2008-2009 (Wiley et al. 2012). This variability in approach is also evident upon discussion with former leaders of the pivotal NINDS trials; some physicians treat all eligible stroke patients regardless of severity, and others treat only a minority of patients
□ , personal communication). There is unquestionable community equipoise regarding the acute treatment of the mild stroke population.
1.2 BACKGROUND ON ALTEPLASE
1.2.1 Fibrinolysis and Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Physiologic dissolution of a thrombus depends primarily on the proteolytic action of plasmin formed from plasminogen at the site of a clot. The mechanism for this activation in vivo has not been definitively established. Plasminogen, the zymogen precursor of plasmin, may be activated by substances found in the plasma milieu, in tissue (tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA]), in urine (urokinase), and in bacteria (streptokinase). The generated plasmin may be inhibited by plasma proteins such as -antiplasmin and -macroglobulin (Robbins 1982).
Kinetic analyses suggest that plasminogen activation in the presence of fibrin occurs after the binding of plasminogen and t-PA at the clot site. t-PA has a high affinity for fibrin, thereby efficiently activating the fibrin-bound plasminogen and converting it to plasmin. Plasmin, which when bound to fibrin is protected from rapid inactivation by -antiplasmin, then proceeds to digest the fibrin clot.
See the alteplase Investigator's Brochure for additional details on nonclinical and clinical studies.
1.3 STUDY RATIONALE AND BENEFIT-RISK ASSESSMENT
Alteplase is the only approved therapeutic agent for the treatment of AIS and is widely accepted as the standard of care for eligible patients (Edlow et al. 2013; Jauch et al. 2013). The currently approved Activase (alteplase) U.S. Package Insert (USPI) contains wording that recommends against use of alteplase in patients with "minor neurological deficit or with rapidly improving stroke symptoms" due to the fact this patient population has not been evaluated. Furthermore, the current American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council Guidelines include "minor and rapidly improving stroke symptoms (clearing spontaneously)" as a relative exclusion criterion for alteplase (Jauch, et al. 2013). This is largely due to the aforementioned label wording not recommending treatment of patients with minor neurological deficit or with rapidly improving stroke symptoms (RISS), the lack of a consistent and consensus definition on who constitutes this patient population, and the absence of definitive evidence of alteplase efficacy in this setting (TREAT Task Force 2013). Therefore, this trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alteplase in confirmed AIS patients with minor neurological deficit or with RISS, which will be referred to collectively as "mild stroke" throughout the protocol.
To date, all completed major randomized acute stroke trials have excluded patients with mild strokes to varying degrees. In the two NINDS trials, such patients were excluded according to the protocol (largely to prevent patients with transient ischemic attacks from being enrolled if they were having rapidly improving symptoms), but did not include an explicit definition of mild stroke except for pure sensory stroke, isolated ataxia, isolated dysarthria, and isolated facial weakness (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 1995). The operational definition for stroke symptoms too mild to treat was left to the judgment of the randomizing physician (TREAT Task Force 2013). Interestingly, a post hoc analysis of the 624 patients in the NINDS trial revealed that there were 58 patients ( ) enrolled with an NIHSS score , none of whom had isolated motor symptoms, isolated facial droop, isolated ataxia, dysarthria, isolated sensory, and three or fewer of each of additional isolated deficits (Khatri et al. 2010). Perhaps more significantly, 2971 patients were excluded primarily due to "rapidly improving" or "minor symptoms." However, a significant unmet medical need exists for patients with mild stroke. Available outcome data for patients with mild stroke who do not receive alteplase consistently demonstrate a high rate of suboptimal outcomes. Specifically, in two different prospective databases
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 1
of patients with mild deficits (NIHSS score ) and no baseline disability, approximately one-third were significantly disabled (as measured by modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ) at 90 days (Fischer et al. 2010; Khatri et al. 2012;
□ , personal communication).
Existing, albeit limited, data suggest that the potential benefit-risk ratio for alteplase in mild stroke should be favorable. Gonzales et al. demonstrated better functional outcomes among mild strokes treated with IV alteplase compared to those not treated in a large, single-center, retrospective cohort; this was shown with two different thresholds of stroke severity (NIHSS and NIHSS ) (Gonzales et al. 2006). Additionally, a recent post hoc analysis of the subset of the third International Stroke Trial (IST-3) patients with mild strokes (pre-treatment NIHSS who met all other NINDS rt-PA study eligibility criteria) showed a trend toward benefit for alteplase □ , personal communication). For PRISMS, the primary efficacy outcome assumption (mRS ) is a absolute treatment effect of alteplase relative to placebo. This assumption is based on several retrospective analyses of a similar patient populations (Köhrmann et al. 2009; Fischer el al. 2010; Hassan et al. 2010b; Khatri et al. 2012) as well as the aforementioned IST-3 trial subgroup analysis □ , personal communication).
The most prevalently reported and life-threatening adverse event (AE) associated with alteplase treatment for acute ischemic stroke is symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Post hoc analyses, case series, and retrospective studies in patients with mild stroke suggest an absolute sICH rate of with alteplase treatment (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 2005; Baumann 2006; Gonzales et al. 2006; Köhrmann et al. 2009; Steffenhagen et al. 2009; Hassan et al. 2010a; Hassan et al. 2010b; Huisa et al. 2012). These data are consistent with analyses of IV alteplase trials of more severe patients suggesting that stroke severity, as measured by the NIHSS score, is a strong predictor of sICH risk (Khatri et al. 2007). No data exist to estimate the sICH rate for patients with mild stroke who did not receive t-PA; therefore, for this study, we are using a sICH rate for the placebo arm, which is likely a conservative estimate. An absolute sICH difference of at 36 hours (primary safety endpoint) has been assumed for the alteplase arm vs. the placebo control arm in the proposed study. For this study, sICH has been defined as any neurologic decline attributed to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) seen on imaging by the local investigator within 36 hours of study drug administration, consistent with the NINDS trial definition for sICH (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 1995).
Assuming the proposed study demonstrates both a absolute treatment effect rate, the number of patients needed to treat (NNT) to show benefit (i.e., mRS score of ) for one patient is 11 . Assuming a absolute difference in sICH rate in patients treated with alteplase, the corresponding value for the number needed to harm (NNH), specifically for sICH, is conservatively estimated to be 50 . The actual number NNH, or the number of patients who would have worse outcomes at 90 days with alteplase compared to placebo treatment, is likely to be much higher than is reflected by the sICH
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rate alone, as many patients who experience sICH have severe baseline infarcts and are destined for poor outcomes (Saver 2007).
For comparison, the absolute treatment effect for mRS score of at 90 days was for the NINDS-sponsored pivotal study for alteplase. This equates to an NNT of 7.9. In the same study, the absolute difference in sICH was at hours pos-treatment, or an NNH of 17.2 (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 1995).
Table 1 Comparison of PRISMS and NINDS Studies
Study
Absolute Treatment Effect (%)
Absolute Difference in SICH (%)
NNT
NNH
LHH
Proposed study in patients with mild stroke and RISS
9
2
11
50
0.22
NINDS-sponsored pivotal study for alteplase
13
7.9
17.2
0.46
LHH=likelihood of being helped vs. harmed; NINDS=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; NNH=number needed to harm; NNT=number needed to treat; RISS=rapidly improving stroke symptoms; sICH=symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. LHH is the likelihood of being helped versus harmed and is formulaically the ratio between the NNT and the NNH. The LHH has been proposed as an expression to capture both the NNT and the NNH into a single value. An LHH below 1.0 indicates the expected benefits outweigh the possible harm. The lower the LHH, the more favorable the benefit-risk ratio is for the treatment in the patient population of interest (Demaerschalk 2007). In the NINDS study, patients who received alteplase and developed sICH within 36 hours had a mortality rate of (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 2005).
2. OBJECTIVES
2.1 PRIMARY OBJECTIVES
The primary objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of IV alteplase for treatment of AIS in patients with mild stroke (also known as "minor neurologic deficit" and "rapidly improving stroke symptoms"), defined as an NIHSS score and not clearly disabling, within 3 hours of last known well time as measured by the proportion of patients with at Day 90 .
2.2 SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
The secondary objectives of this study are as follows:
To further evaluate efficacy of IV alteplase to improve mild stroke outcomes at Day 90 via:
Ordinal improvement in mRS
Neurological outcome (as measured by NIHSS 0-1)
Independence in instrumental activities of daily (Barthel Index )
Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 0-1
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Global favorable recovery (Global Statistic with contributions from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, BI , and GOS 0-1)
To evaluate safety as measured by:
sICH within 36 hours - primary safety assessment
Any ICH within 36 hours
Mortality within 90 days
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all AEs and serious adverse events (SAEs)
2.3 EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES
The exploratory objectives for this study include subgroup analyses of the primary efficacy outcome variable in subgroups defined by age ( vs. ), pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. ), last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours), and stroke subgroups (RISS vs. non-RISS), respectively.
The following endpoints will also be explored:
Stroke recurrence (based on AE monitoring) within 90 days
Cognition ( 30 -minute assessment: animal naming, controlled oral word association test, digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, 15 -item Boston Naming Test, forward and backward Digit Span test, and Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure test) at Day 90
Ambulatory performance (as measured by walking speed) at Day 90
Depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression [CES-D] score) at Day 90
Quality of life (European Quality of Life [EQ-5D] questionnaire) at Day 90
Stroke Impact Scale-16 (SIS-16) at Day 90
3. STUDY DESIGN
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY
PRISMS is a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, Phase IIIb study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IV alteplase in AIS patients with mild stroke and with deficits that do not appear to be clearly disabling. The trial will consist of a screening assessment, randomization, and treatment followed by a 30-day phone call and a 90-day follow-up visit. Treatment should start within 3 hours from last known well time (stroke symptom onset).
Screening assessments will determine the eligibility of the patient. Patients meeting eligibility criteria will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 1) one dose of alteplase IV (not to exceed 90 mg ) and one dose of oral aspirin placebo within 3 hours of last known well time or 2 ) one dose of IV alteplase placebo and one dose of oral aspirin 325 mg within 3 hours of last known well time (Figure 1).
A full schedule of assessments is provided in Appendix 1.
Figure 1 Abbreviated Study Schema
ASA = aspirin; CT= computed tomography; IV=intravenous; MRI= magnetic resonance imaging; mRS modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
Due to the emergency nature of randomization in acute stroke clinical trials, treatment assignments must be made in an expeditious manner that also ensures even distribution in the treatment groups. A "step forward" randomization regimen stratified by site will be used to ensure that a randomized treatment assignment is available upon patients' arrival at the hospital and treatment can initiate immediately upon signing informed consent and eligibility confirmation. Further details on step forward randomization can be found in Section 4.2, Method of Treatment Assignment and Blinding.
An independent Data Monitoring Committee (iDMC) will provide ongoing review of potential safety concerns and review efficacy and safety outcomes to inform a futility interim analysis after 50% of patients have achieved the primary endpoint (following completion of the Day 90 visit). The composition of the iDMC and analysis will be documented in detail in a separate iDMC charter.
3.2 LENGTH OF STUDY
Based on study enrollment projections, this study is estimated to take approximately 4 years to complete, from first patient in to last patient's last visit (LPLV), when the final patient completes the 90-day follow-up.
3.3 END OF STUDY
The end of the study is defined as the date when the LPLV occurs. The LPLV is expected to occur approximately 90 days ( days) after the last patient is enrolled into the study.
3.3.1 Number of Patients
Approximately 948 patients with AIS and mild strokes will be enrolled in the study across 75 sites in the U.S. and Canada.
3.4 RATIONALE FOR STUDY DESIGN
This study is designed to assess whether alteplase is superior to standard of care (i.e., aspirin) in patients with mild stroke within 3 hours of last known well time. Patients will be randomized 1:1 and receive either IV alteplase plus aspirin placebo or IV alteplase placebo plus aspirin 325 mg ; hence, this is an active-comparator trial. Other than the study intervention, patients will receive standard of care for AIS at the enrolling institutions. The primary endpoint using the mRS assessment of global disability at 90 days is standard for current AIS trials.
The study design of PRISMS has the following characteristics:
Consistent with the currently approved indication in the alteplase USPI: Treatment with alteplase in PRISMS will occur in otherwise eligible AIS patients within 3 hours from the last known well time.
Conduct of a large, multicenter study: The Sponsor plans to enroll 948 patients across approximately 75 sites in the U.S. and Canada (for comparison, the two NINDS trials enrolled a total of 624 patients).
Multiple endpoints involving different events: In addition to the primary efficacy endpoint of mRS at Day 90, which measures disability, secondary endpoints at Day 90 will include the NIHSS score (neurologic deficit), BI (instrumental activities of daily living), GOS (disability), and a Global Statistic calculation.
3.4.1 Rationale for Alteplase Dosage
The dose selected for alteplase ( , maximum 90 mg ) is the approved dose for eligible patients with AIS in the U.S. and Canada and is considered the standard of care by the stroke community (Jauch et al. 2013).
3.4.2 Rationale for Patient Population
The patients for this trial will be recruited from all AIS patients presenting to Emergency Departments in whom treatment can be initiated within 3 hours of last known well time at approximately 75 clinical sites within the U.S. and Canada. As described in Section 1.3, eligible patients with mild stroke will be enrolled in this study. Currently, the USPI warns against the use of alteplase in patients with "minor neurologic deficit and rapidly improving stroke symptoms" due to lack of data. Retrospective and observational data suggest potential benefit of alteplase in these patients, with a favorable benefit-risk profile.
The definition of mild stroke for PRISMS is an NIHSS score and not clearly disabling. This includes patients whose symptoms are persistently mild as well as those with RISS.
An NIHSS score was chosen as one criterion in the definition of mild stroke for PRISMS for the following reasons:
An NIHSS score is commonly used as an exclusion criterion for many current AIS studies, suggesting that these patients are underrepresented in current stroke research and are treated differently by the stroke community, as shown in Table 2.
Table 2 NIHSS Exclusion Criteria of Recently Completed and Ongoing Acute Ischemic Stroke Trials
Recently Completed AIS Trials
Exclusion
Ongoing AIS Trials
Exclusion
Combined Approach to Lysis Utilizing Eptifibatide and rt-PA in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CLEAR Stroke) Trial
NIHSS
ARTSS
NIHSS
Intravenous Thrombolysis Plus Hypothermia for Acute Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
NIHSS
SHINE
NIHSS < 3
Albumin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (ALIAS) Part One
NIHSS
The Intravascular Cooling in the Treatment of Stroke 2/3 (ICTuS 2/3) Trial (ICTuS2/3)
NIHSS
Study of the Combination Therapy of rt-PA and Eptifibatide to Treat Acute Ischemic Stroke (CLEAR-ER)
NIHSS
Safety/Feasibility of Autologous Mononuclear Bone Marrow Cells in Stroke Patients
NIHSS
Albumin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (ALIAS) Part Two
NIHSS
SWIFT PRIME
Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE)
PENUMBRA THERAPY
NeuroThera Efficacy and Safety Trial-3 (NEST3)
NIHSS
PENUMBRA 3D
CLOTBUST-ER
AIS=acute ischemic stroke; NIHSS=National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
Source: www.clinicaltrials.gov. Assessed August 2013. Note that the NIHSS criteria for the trials listed are mentioned in the inclusion criteria, while the entries in the above table are written as what would be the understood and corresponding exclusion criteria.
2. The largest retrospective analysis of mild stroke from the Get With the Guidelines registry included 29,200 stroke patients who did not receive alteplase due to mild or improving symptoms. This analysis found that of patients with mild or rapidly improving stroke who did not receive alteplase (and had a recorded NIHSS score) had an initial NIHSS score (Smith et al. 2011).
Based on these findings, an NIHSS score was determined to be the most appropriate cut-off to define the patient population with mild stroke.
It is notable that the alteplase USPI (Activase USPI 2011) distinguishes patients with minor neurological deficit from those with RISS. However, PRISMS combines these two patient groups into one operationally defined patient population (mild stroke): all eligible patients with an NIHSS score at the time of randomization without clearly disabling symptoms, irrespective of previous NIHSS scores. Data demonstrating low alteplase use in patients with NIHSS scores do not distinguish between whether the patient's deficit was persistently mild or improved to this status (Smith et al. 2011). Furthermore, no data exist that suggest patients who improved to a mild status at the time of treatment with alteplase have different outcomes from patients whose neurologic deficit is persistently mild. To date, available data suggest that alteplase therapy would potentially be beneficial in both patients with RISS who improve to an NIHSS score and patients with persistently mild symptoms with an NIHSS score .
Conversely, patients who improve to an NIHSS score > 5 at the time of treatment decision will be excluded from PRISMS as they are not considered to have RISS. Current clinical practice suggests that these patients would still have a moderate or severe stroke at the time of treatment decision and should receive alteplase, if eligible, rather than be randomized to a study. Such patients should not be defined as rapidly improving, given that they have not improved to an NIHSS score low enough to merit withholding therapy. This definition of RISS is consistent with a recent consensus statement by leading stroke and emergency medicine experts (TREAT Task Force 2013).
PRISMS will also exclude patients who are assessed at the time of pre-treatment to likely be clearly disabled at 90 days, as defined by specific criteria described in the study protocol. These deficits at presentation include, but are not limited to, homonymous hemianopsia, severe limb weakness, severe aphasia, hemineglect, or cortical blindness. Patients with clearly disabling deficits will be excluded from this study irrespective of the NIHSS score at time of randomization, as current clinical practice and ethical responsibility suggest that these patients should be evaluated to receive alteplase rather than be enrolled in a randomized study where they may receive placebo.
3.4.3 Rationale for Control Group
The overall rationale for this trial is to determine whether IV alteplase improves outcomes in patients with mild stroke. The control group (i.e., mild stroke patients who receive standard of care) has been included so that outcomes in the active treatment group can be compared to those who receive standard of care. The control group will receive IV alteplase placebo and 325 mg of oral aspirin. The rationale for the control group receiving aspirin is that it would be unethical to withhold a dose of aspirin from patients who would not be receiving active study drug. The standard of care for patients suffering from AIS who are ineligible for IV alteplase therapy is oral aspirin administered within the first 24 hours after the onset of their stroke symptoms.
3.5 OUTCOME MEASURES
3.5.1 Efficacy Outcome Measures
The primary efficacy outcome measure for this study is:
A favorable functional outcome, defined by an mRS score of 0 or 1 at Day 90 post-randomization
All mRS assessments will be made by investigators blinded to treatment assignment who are trained and certified in mRS administration
The secondary efficacy outcomes are measured at Day 90 and listed below:
Ordinal improvement in mRS
Neurological outcome (as measured by NIHSS 0-1)
Instrumental activities of daily living, as measured by the
GOS 0-1
Global outcome (Global Statistic with contributions from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, BI , and GOS 0-1)
3.5.2 Safety Outcome Measures
The safety outcome measures for this study are as follows:
Incidence of sICH within 36 hours (see below)
sICH, defined as any neurological decline attributed to new ICH seen on imaging by the investigator and later confirmed on independent reading by blinded central study radiologists
Any ICH within 36 hours
Overall mortality within 90 days
Stroke-related and neurological deaths
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all AEs and SAEs
Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
In this study, an ICH is considered symptomatic if it is not seen on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at baseline and any neurologic decline is attributed to it by the local investigator. To detect asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, CT scan is required at 22 to 36 hours. Additional CT scans should be performed at any time based on the investigator's discretion that clinical findings suggested hemorrhage. An MRI may be substituted for CT per institutional protocol. Details on MRI types are described in Section 4.5.1.6.
Intracranial hemorrhage events will be classified as hemorrhagic infarct type 1 or type 2, parenchymal hematoma type 1 or type 2 , remote intraparenchymal hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, or epidural hemorrhage. Descriptions of each are shown in the table below.
Table 3 Intracranial Hemorrhage Definitions
Type
Description
HI type 1
Small petechiae along margin of infarct
HI type 2
More confluent petechiae within the infarcted area but without spaceoccupying effect
PH type 1
Hematoma in of the infarcted area with some slight space-occupying effect
PH type 2
Dense hematoma total of the infarcted area with substantial spaceoccupying effect or any hemorrhagic area outside the infarcted area
rPH type 1
Small or medium sized blood clots located remote from the actual infarct; a mild space-occupying effect could be present. Remote primary intracerebral hemorrhage
rPH type 2
Large confluent dense blood clots in an area remote from the actual infarct; substantial space-occupying effect might be present.
The exploratory outcome measures for this study are as follows:
Stroke recurrence (based on AE monitoring) within 90 days
Cognition ( 30 -minute assessment: animal naming, controlled oral word association test, digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, 15 -item Boston Naming Test, forward and backward Digit Span test, and Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure test) at Day 90
Ambulatory performance (as measured by walking speed) at Day 90
Depression (CES-D score) at Day 90
Quality of life (EQ-5D questionnaire) at Day 90
SIS-16 at Day 90
4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.1 PATIENTS
This study will include adult patients with AIS.
4.1.1 Inclusion Criteria
Patients must meet the following criteria for study entry:
Age years (no upper age limit)
Mild ischemic stroke defined as the most recent pre-treatment NIHSS score of and determined as not clearly disabling by the investigator. This includes patients with persistently mild deficits as well as those who improve to a pre-treatment NIHSS score (also known as RISS).
Study treatment can be initiated within 3 hours of last known well time without stroke symptoms (i.e., last seen normal).
Signed informed consent prior to initiation of any study-specific procedure or treatment. The patient or the patient's legally authorized representative must be able to provide written informed consent and understand the potential risks and benefits from study enrollment and treatment.
4.1.2 Exclusion Criteria
Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry:
CT or MRI findings consisting of one of the following:
Clear large hypodensity on CT (or concurrent diffusion-weighted [DW] and fluid attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR] hyperintensity on MRI) that is greater than one-third middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory
Imaging lesion consistent with acute hemorrhage of any degree, OR
Evidence of intraparenchymal tumor
Disability (historical mRS score ) prior to the presenting stroke
Standard contraindications to IV alteplase for patients treated within 3 hours of symptom onset, including:
Head trauma or previous stroke within the previous 3 months
Myocardial infarction within the previous 3 months
Gastrointestinal or urinary tract hemorrhage within the previous 21 days
Major surgery within the previous 14 days
Arterial puncture at a non-compressible site within the previous 7 days
Any history of ICH with the exception of chronic microbleeds on MRI
Elevated blood pressure (systolic or diastolic ), or the use of aggressive measures (use of more than two intravenous agents to lower blood pressure) to achieve blood pressure within acceptable parameters
Treatment with heparin within the last 48 hours and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Blood glucose
International normalized ratio (INR) (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Platelet count of (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) within the last 48 hours
Allergic reactions to study drug or aspirin
Females of childbearing age who are known to be pregnant and/or lactating, or who have a positive pregnancy test on admission
Inability to swallow, which would prevent oral intake of aspirin or aspirin placebo tablet
Other serious, advanced, or terminal illness that would confound the clinical outcome at 90 days
Current or recent (within 3 months) participation in another investigational drug treatment protocol
Anticipated inability to obtain 3 -month follow-up assessments
Previous enrollment in PRISMS
Any other condition that the investigator feels would pose a significant hazard to the patient if treatment with alteplase is initiated
4.2 METHOD OF TREATMENT ASSIGNMENT AND BLINDING
Step Forward Randomization
Due to the emergency nature of randomization in acute stroke clinical trials, treatment assignments must be made in an expeditious manner that also ensures even distribution in the treatment groups. A step forward randomization regimen will be used to ensure that a randomized treatment assignment is available upon patients' arrival at the hospital and treatment can initiate immediately upon signing the informed consent and eligibility confirmation. This procedure will be implemented using an Interactive Voice/Web Response System (IxRS) where study sites enter identification (ID) information (see below) of a patient AFTER he/she is treated (within 8 hours of initiation of the patient's study treatment). The IxRS will then assign drug kit IDs for the next patient that becomes eligible at that site. The pharmacist will prepare "use next" labels and place them on the appropriate study drug kits based on the drug kit IDs via IxRS. When the next potentially eligible patient is identified, the investigator (or designee) will notify the pharmacist (or designee) to begin pre-mixing study drug from the alteplase/alteplaseplacebo drug kit. Pre-mixing may occur prior to signing informed consent but should be performed after key eligibility criteria (e.g., NIHSS and clearly non-disabling, study drug initiation will occur within 3 hours of time last known well, CT/MRI negative for ICH) to minimize drug wastage. Study drug bolus will be administered after confirming that all eligibility criteria have been met and informed consent signed, and this will indicate enrollment in the trial. This approach will ensure minimal delays to treatment. Following study drug administration (within 8 hours), the study site should enter the patient's ID, including date of birth, patient initials, screening ID, and confirm drug kit IDs from the kits with which the patient is treated. Once this information is entered into IxRS, it will result in two actions:
IxRS will assign a patient ID to the currently treated patient, which will be correlated to the drug kit ID previously labeled as "use next," via the randomization visit record.
IxRS will assign a new drug kit ID for the next patient that becomes eligible at that site to be labeled as "use next."
In the case when pre-mixed drug is not used (e.g., patient is determined to be ineligible for study or declines informed consent prior to drug administration), sites will enter drug kit IDs into IxRS and indicate that the kits were not used. IxRS will then assign a new set of drug kit ID for the pharmacist to label with "use next" labels. The pharmacist will properly dispose of the pre-mixed drug and the matching aspirin/aspirin-placebo kit in accordance with institutional guidelines.
Prior to the first patient enrolled at a site, a site will register with IxRS as part of site activation, which will assign drug kit IDs ahead of time for the first potential patient. Once the first patient is enrolled at a site, the procedure described above will commence.
Study Unblinding
If premature unblinding is necessary in the case of an SAE for which patient management might be affected by knowledge of treatment assignment, the investigator will be able to break the treatment code by contacting the IxRS vendor.
Specifically, in the rare event that a patient worsens (e.g., to a moderate or severe stroke) from time of study treatment and the patient remains within a time window within institutional guidelines to initiate thrombolytic therapy, the investigator has the option to unblind the treatment to ensure the patient receives appropriate treatment. However, the following criteria must be met prior to unblinding:
Patient must have an NIHSS score (or new clearly disabling deficit) measured twice within a 10 -minute span.
Patient's NIHSS increase must be points from the pre-treatment NIHSS (e.g., if a patient's pre-treatment NIHSS was 5 , the worsened NIHSS must be ).
If the investigator wishes to know the identity of the study drug for any other reason, he or she should contact the Medical Monitor directly. Treatment codes should not be broken except under circumstances deemed necessary by the site investigator. The investigator should document and provide an explanation for any premature unblinding (e.g., unblinding due to sICH, unblinding due to severe systemic bleeding, or unblinding due to clinical worsening). Following any unblinding event, the site investigator should contact the Medical Monitor within 24 hours.
For regulatory reporting purposes, and if required by local health authorities, the Sponsor will break the treatment code for all serious, unexpected suspected adverse reactions (see Section 5.7) that are considered by the investigator or Sponsor to be related to study drug.
4.3 STUDY TREATMENT
4.3.1 Formulation, Packaging, and Handling
4.3.1.1 Alteplase
Alteplase is a single polypeptide containing 527 amino acids; it has three carbohydrate side chains and is predominantly one-chain t-PA. It is a recombinant protein produced in a continuous mammalian tissue culture system and is purified by a series of chromatographic steps. The manufacturing process includes fermentation with use of the antibiotic gentamicin; however, the presence of the antibiotic is not detectable in the final product.
Alteplase is a sterile, white to pale yellow, lyophilized powder for IV administration after reconstitution with sterile water for injection (SWFI), USP, without preservatives. Phosphoric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may be used prior to lyophilization for pH adjustment. Biologic potency is determined by an in vitro clot lysis assay and is expressed in international units (IU) as tested against the World Health Organization (WHO) standard.
Each vial of Activase contains 50 mg of alteplase, 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80 , and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
Each kit will contain 2 vials of of alteplase labeled for "clinical trial use only."
Vials of alteplase must be stored at and protected from light.
4.3.1.2 Alteplase Placebo
Alteplase placebo is the same formulation as the active without the alteplase protein. Each 50-cc vial contains 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80, and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
Each kit will contain 2 vials of 50 mg of alteplase placebo labeled for "clinical trial use only."
Alteplase placebo vials should be stored at and protected from light.
4.3.1.3 Aspirin
Aspirin ( 325 mg ) will be packaged for the study. Each kit will contain one bottle, which has 100 tablets labeled for "clinical trial use only." Only one tablet will be administered to the patient, and the remainder of the bottle will be kept at the site for drug accountability.
Aspirin tablets should be stored at with excursions permitted between .
4.3.1.4 Aspirin Placebo
Aspirin placebo will be identical to active aspirin in appearance to maintain treatment blinding. Each bottle of aspirin placebo contains 100 tablets labeled for "clinical trial use only." Only one tablet will be administered to the patient, and the remainder of the bottle will be kept at the site for drug accountability.
Placebo tablets should be stored in the same manner as aspirin tablets: with excursions permitted between .
4.3.2 Dosage, Administration, and Compliance
4.3.2.1 Alteplase
For AIS, the recommended dose is infused over 60 minutes with of the total dose administered as an initial IV bolus over 1 minute. The total dose should not exceed 90 mg .
Because alteplase and alteplase placebo contain no antibacterial preservatives, vials should be reconstituted immediately before use by adding 50 mL of SWFI, USP, to the vial; this yields a concentration of . Using aseptic technique, direct the flow of SWFI directly into the lyophilized cake of study drug. It is recommended that an gauge needle be used for the reconstitution of the vial. Once reconstituted, gently swirl the vial. Do not shake. Slight foaming upon reconstitution is not unusual; allowing the vial to stand undisturbed for several minutes is usually sufficient to allow dissipation of any large bubbles. Before further dilution or administration, the product should be visually inspected for particulate matter and discoloration. If a precipitate is seen, the product should not be used.
After reconstitution, alteplase may be administered at . Do not further dilute (e.g., ) the solution. The osmolality of this solution is approximately . Polyvinyl chloride bags, glass bottles, or polypropylene syringes are acceptable. Do not use filter needles for infusion. Alteplase is stable for up to 8 hours in these solutions at room temperature. Exposure to light has no effect on the stability of these solutions. Excessive agitation during dilution should be avoided; mixing should be accomplished with gentle swirling and/or slow inversion.
No other medication should be added to infusion solutions containing alteplase. Any unused infusion solution should be discarded.
Each vial of Activase contains 50 mg of alteplase, 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80 , and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
See Appendix 2 (Alteplase Administration) and Appendix 3 (Reconstitution of Vials) for further details.
All investigational medicinal products (IMPs) required for completion of this study alteplase) will be provided by the Sponsor where required by local health authority regulations. The investigational site will acknowledge receipt of IMPs using the IxRS to confirm the shipment condition and content. Any damaged shipments will be replaced.
IMPs will either be disposed of at the study site according to the study site's institutional standard operating procedure or returned to the Sponsor with the appropriate documentation. The site's method of IMP destruction must be agreed to by the Sponsor. The site must obtain written authorization from the Sponsor before any IMP is destroyed, and IMP destruction must be documented on the appropriate form.
Accurate records of all IMPs received, dispensed, returned, and disposed of by the study site should be recorded on the Drug Inventory Log.
4.3.4 Investigational Medicinal Product
4.3.4.1 Alteplase and Placebo
Test Product
Patients randomized to the active arm will receive treatment with of IV alteplase (maximum 90 mg ) per standard stroke dosing.
Comparator
Patients randomized to the placebo arm will receive IV alteplase placebo consisting of 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80, and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
4.3.4.2 Non-investigational Medicinal Products
To maintain standard medical care, patients randomized to the IV alteplase placebo arm will receive 325 mg of oral aspirin at the same time that they receive IV alteplase placebo.
Comparator
Patients in the IV alteplase active arm will receive an oral aspirin placebo tablet at the same time they receive IV alteplase. The placebo will be identical to active aspirin in appearance to maintain treatment blinding.
4.3.5 Post-Trial Access to Alteplase
The Sponsor does not intend to provide alteplase, any investigational or noninvestigational products (specified in this protocol), or any other study interventions to patients after the conclusion of the study or who are withdrawn earlier.
4.4 CONCOMITANT THERAPY
4.4.1 Permitted Therapy
Concomitant therapy includes any medication (e.g., prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, herbal or homeopathic remedies, nutritional supplements) used by a patient from 7 days prior to screening to the study completion/discontinuation visit. All concomitant medications should be reported to the investigator and recorded on the Concomitant Medications electronic Case Report Form (eCRF).
4.4.2 Prohibited Therapy
Available endovascular therapies have not demonstrated clinical efficacy in definitive trials to date and therefore are not permitted.
As indicated in the inclusion criteria, use of the following therapies is prohibited prior to the study:
Treatment with heparin within the last 48 hours and aPTT outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with warfarin and INR>1.7
The above lists of medications are not necessarily comprehensive. The investigator should contact the Medical Monitor if questions arise regarding medications not listed above. For further reference about drug interaction guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as a list of common cytochrome P450 interactions, the following resources are available online: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/ Guidances/UCM292362.pdf http://medicine.iupui.edu/clinpharm/ddis/table.aspx
4.5 STUDY ASSESSMENTS
Please see Appendix 1 for the schedule of assessments performed during the study.
4.5.1 Description of Study Assessments
4.5.1.1 Informed Consent Forms and Screening Log
Written informed consent for participation in the study must be obtained before treatment. All screening evaluations must be completed and reviewed to confirm that patients meet all eligibility criteria before treatment. The investigator will maintain a screening log of all patients arriving in the Emergency Department within 2.5 hours of onset of ischemic stroke. The investigator will record details of all patients not enrolled despite early arrival and record reasons for non-enrollment.
4.5.1.2 Medical History and Demographic Data
Medical history includes clinically significant diseases, such as stroke history and smoking history, use of alcohol and drugs of abuse, and all medications (e.g., prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, herbal or homeopathic remedies nutritional supplements) used by the patient within 7 days prior to the screening visit, and history of allergy to any food or medication.
Demographic data will include date of birth, sex, and self-reported race/ethnicity.
4.5.1.3 Neurological Examinations
A partial neurological examination is to be performed for each patient. The NIHSS will be a component of this neurological examination and will be performed only by practitioners who are certified to perform an NIHSS assessment. Changes from baseline should be recorded in patient notes. Additional or supplemental neurological exams will also be performed, including assessment of mental status, cranial nerves, motor function, and coordination.
4.5.1.4 Vital Signs
Vital signs will include measurements of oral temperature, respiratory rate, pulse, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (while patient is in a supine position).
4.5.1.5 Laboratory Assessments
Specimens for the following laboratory tests will be sent to the study site's local laboratory for analysis:
Platelet count
Serum glucose
Coagulation (INR, aPTT) if a patient is currently taking oral or parenteral anticoagulants
Pregnancy test (serum or urine)
All women of childbearing potential (including those who have had a tubal ligation) must have a serum pregnancy test at screening.
The following laboratory test values will be reported in the eCRFs:
Hematology (hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, platelet count)
For sampling procedures, storage conditions, and shipment instructions, see the site's local laboratory manual.
4.5.1.6 Other Disease-Specific Assessments
Neuroimaging may consist of a non-contrast CT or MRI of the brain. If an MRI is used in the acute setting (to determine study eligibility), it must include the following at a minimum: (1) DW MRI, (2) either susceptibility-weighted [SW] imaging or gradient echo [GRE] sequences, and (3) FLAIR sequences.
Non-contrast CT or MRI will be performed at baseline to ensure that the patient does not have evidence of acute ICH prior to study drug administration.
An additional non-contrast CT or MRI will be performed at 22 to 36 hours from the initiation of study drug infusion. The purpose of this is to evaluate for ICH in the patient. An NIHSS should be performed at the time this CT scan or MRI is performed, but prior to reviewing imaging results to avoid biasing the assessment. If an MRI is performed, in addition to the above requirements for the baseline visit MRI, it must also include T1 and T2 sequences.
Additional CT scans or MRIs should be performed based on the investigator's discretion, or if any clinical findings suggest ICH (such as new headache, nausea, vomiting, significant deterioration of neurological status, or rapid increase of blood pressure). If an ICH is identified, the NIHSS score should be reassessed at the time and recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
CT scans or MRIs performed between 22 to 36 hours, and additional imaging performed due to clinical suspicion of deterioration up until 36 hours after study drug administration, will be evaluated by a central team of radiologists blinded to the clinical attributes of the case.
4.5.2 Patient-Reported Outcomes
Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) data will be elicited from the patients in this study to more fully characterize the clinical profile of alteplase in this patient population. The PRO questionnaires will be distributed by the investigator staff and completed in their entirety by the patient or their surrogate.
This study will assess the impact of alteplase treatment on health-related quality of life, physical function, daily functioning, and symptoms of depression.
Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the EQ-5D (Appendix 4). The EQ-5D is a generic, preference-based health utility measure with questions about mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression that are used to build a composite of the patient's health status.
Physical functioning will be evaluated using the SIS-16 (Appendix 5), which is a validated, stroke-specific, quality of life measure to assess the impact of stroke on a patient's health and life.
The CES-D (Appendix 6) will be used to evaluate the proportion of patients with depressive symptoms (defined as a score of at 90 days).
AE reports will not be derived from PRO data by the Sponsor. However, any PRO responses suggestive of a possible AE identified during site review of the PRO data should be reported as outlined in Section 5.3.3.11.
4.6 TIMING OF STUDY ASSESSMENTS
4.6.1 Screening/Baseline (Visit 1)
The following standard of care assessments performed prior to obtaining informed consent will be used in the screening process. Once consent is obtained, the results of the standard of care assessments may be used for the study.
Medical history
Demographics
Neurological examination
Vital signs
Complete blood count
Coagulation status
Pregnancy test (serum or urine)
Serum blood glucose
Non-contrast CT scan or MRI, including DW MRI, either SW or GRE, and FLAIR images
NIHSS score (This must be performed by an NIHSS-certified practitioner see Appendix 7.
Concomitant medications
AEs
All screening evaluations with the exception of certain laboratory results (e.g., coagulation and platelet count) must be completed and reviewed to confirm that patients have met all eligibility criteria prior to treatment. Serum glucose is required to confirm eligibility prior to enrollment; however, if the investigator feels there is clinical suspicion that would be related to an exclusion laboratory test that would preclude the patient from eligibility, the results of those laboratory tests must be obtained prior to treatment.
The investigator will maintain a screening log to record details of all patients consented to confirm eligibility or record reasons for screening failure, as applicable.
4.6.2 Visit 2 (22 to Hours after Treatment Initiation)
A non-contrast cranial CT or MRI (including DW MRI, either SW or GRE, FLAIR, and T1 and T2 sequences) will be performed at 22 to 36 hours after treatment with study drug is initiated. Either a CT scan or MRI may be performed, as consistent with the institutional standard of care; the main criterion is to perform radiographic imaging of the brain by a modality sensitive to the presence of blood. An NIHSS will also be performed during this visit, but prior to review of the imaging results (or by an investigator blinded to the results). AEs and concomitant medications will also be assessed at this visit.
4.6.3 Visit 3 (Day 5 or Discharge from Hospital, if Sooner than Day 5)
An NIHSS score will be performed at Day 5 or on the day of discharge from the hospital, if sooner than Day 5. Furthermore, the discharge location of the patient will be recorded if available at this time. If discharged after Day 5, the discharge location will be subsequently recorded. Concomitant medications will also be assessed at this visit.
4.6.4 Visit 4 (Day Days])
A phone call to the patient or caregiver will be made at Day 30 and an mRS will be assessed (see Appendix 8). AEs, concomitant medications, and patient survival will be assessed at this visit. Pregnancy will also be assessed for female patients of childbearing potential.
4.6.5 Visit 5 (Day Days]/Study Completion)
Primary and secondary efficacy endpoints, as well as all exploratory endpoints, will be assessed at Day 90 during an in-person visit by the patient. The following assessments will be performed:
NIHSS score (Appendix 7)
Patient survival
mRS (Appendix 8)
GOS (Appendix 9
BI (Appendix 10)
EQ-5D (Appendix 4)
SIS-16 (Appendix 5)
CES-D (Appendix 6)
Cognitive assessments (Appendix 11)
Animal Naming test
Controlled Oral Word Association test
Digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Hopkins Verbal Learning test
15-item Boston Naming test
Forward and Backward Digit Span test
Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test
Walking speed (Appendix 12)
Concomitant medications
AEs
4.6.6 Early Discontinuation
Concomitant medication, AEs, and patient survival will be assessed via a phone call, if possible.
4.7 PATIENT, TREATMENT, STUDY, AND SITE DISCONTINUATION
4.7.1 Patient Discontinuation
Patients have the right to voluntarily withdraw from the study at any time and for any reason. In addition, the investigator has the right to withdraw a patient from the study at any time. Reasons for withdrawal from the study may include, but are not limited to, the following:
Patient withdrawal of consent at any time
Any medical condition that the investigator or Sponsor determines may jeopardize the patient's safety if he or she continues in the study
Investigator or Sponsor determines it is in the best interest of the patient
Patient non-compliance, specifically defined as unwillingness to participate in a 3-month assessment of neurological status and function
Every effort should be made to obtain information on patients who withdraw from the study. The primary reason for withdrawal from the study should be documented on the appropriate eCRF. However, patients will not be followed for any reason after consent has been withdrawn. Patients who withdraw from the study will not be replaced.
4.7.2 Study Treatment Discontinuation
The study intervention should be discontinued if the patient displays symptoms concerning for sICH during the infusion of the study drug. Prompt imaging should be done to assess for ICH. If ICH is seen, study drug infusion should not be resumed and the treatment assignment should be unblinded. If ICH is not seen, study drug infusion should immediately be restarted.
Patients must discontinue study treatment if they experience any of the following:
Anaphylactoid reaction (including angioedema)
Serious bleeding (not controllable by local pressure) at puncture site or serious bleeding in a critical location (e.g., intracranial, gastrointestinal, retroperitoneal, pericardial)
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 1
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The primary reason for study treatment discontinuation should be documented on the appropriate eCRF. Patients who discontinue study treatment prematurely will not be replaced. Patients who discontinue study treatment prematurely will be followed for the course of the study based on the intent-to-treat (ITT) principle.
4.7.3 Study and Site Discontinuation
The Sponsor has the right to terminate this study at any time. The Sponsor will notify the investigator if the Sponsor decides to discontinue the study. Reasons for terminating the study may include, but are not limited to, the following:
The incidence or severity of AEs in this or other studies indicates a potential health hazard to patients.
Patient enrollment is unsatisfactory
A pre-specified boundary at the interim analysis was crossed
The Sponsor has the right to close a site at any time. Reasons for closing a site may include, but are not limited to, the following:
Excessively slow recruitment
Poor protocol adherence
Inaccurate or incomplete data recording
Non-compliance with the International Conference on Harmonisation guideline for Good Clinical Practice
No study activity (i.e., all patients have completed study assessments and all obligations have been fulfilled)
5. ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY
5.1 SAFETY PLAN
The safety profile of alteplase across indications is generally well established. The principal adverse reactions to alteplase are bleeding and allergic reactions.
5.1.1 Risk of Bleeding
Bleeding is the most frequent adverse reaction associated with alteplase in all approved indications, including AIS. This may be either superficial from punctures or damaged blood vessels or internal bleeding at any site or body cavity. Bleeding may result in lifethreatening situations, permanent disability, or death.
The incidence of ICH, especially symptomatic ICH, in patients with AIS is higher in alteplase-treated patients than placebo-treated patients in published studies (for detailed information, see the Investigator's Brochure).
Management of Bleeding
Patients will be excluded for the presence of conditions related to risks of bleeding (as outlined in Section 4.1.2, Exclusion Criteria). A non-contrast cranial CT or MRI (including either SW or GRE to detect ICH) should be performed at baseline to ensure that the patient does not have evidence of ICH prior to study drug administration.
Fibrin, which is part of the hemostatic plug formed at needle puncture sites, may be lysed during alteplase therapy. Therefore, alteplase therapy requires careful attention to potential bleeding sites, e.g., catheter-insertion sites and arterial-puncture sites. Arterial and venous punctures should be minimized. Non-compressible arterial, as well as internal jugular and subclavian venous punctures, should be avoided to minimize bleeding from non-compressible sites. In the event of serious bleeding (not controllable by local pressure) or occurring in a critical location (intracranial, gastrointestinal, retroperitoneal, or pericardial), study drug should be discontinued immediately. Supportive care and medical management of AEs are at the discretion of the investigator.
5.1.2 Risk of Allergic Reactions
Allergic-type reactions, e.g., anaphylactoid reaction, laryngeal edema, orolingual angioedema, rash, and urticaria, have been reported. When such reactions occur, they usually respond to conventional therapy.
There have been postmarketing reports of orolingual angioedema associated with the use of alteplase. Most were patients treated for AIS. Many of these patients received concomitant angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and most cases resolved with prompt treatment.
Management of Allergic Reaction
If an anaphylactic reaction occurs, the infusion of study drug should be discontinued immediately and appropriate therapy should be promptly instituted.
5.2 SAFETY PARAMETERS AND DEFINITIONS
Safety assessments will consist of monitoring and recording AEs, including SAEs and non-serious adverse events of special interest (AESI), measurement of protocolspecified vital signs, and other protocol-specified tests that are deemed critical to the safety evaluation of the study.
Certain types of events require immediate reporting to the Sponsor, as outlined in Section 5.2.2.
5.2.1 Adverse Events
According to the International Conference on Harmonisation guideline for Good Clinical Practice, an AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation patient administered a pharmaceutical product, regardless of causal attribution. An AE can therefore be any of the following:
Any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product
Any new disease or exacerbation of an existing disease (a worsening in the character, frequency, or severity of a known condition), except as described in Section 5.3.3.9
Recurrence of an intermittent medical condition (e.g., headache) not present at baseline
Any deterioration in a laboratory value or other clinical test (e.g., electrocardiogram, X-ray) that is associated with symptoms or leads to a change in study treatment or concomitant treatment or discontinuation from study drug
AEs that are related to a protocol-mandated intervention, including those that occur prior to assignment of study treatment (e.g., screening invasive procedures such as biopsies)
5.2.2 Serious Adverse Events (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor)
An SAE is any AE that meets any of the following criteria:
Fatal (i.e., the AE actually causes or leads to death)
Life-threatening (i.e., the AE, in the view of the investigator, places the patient at immediate risk of death)
This does not include any AE that had it occurred in a more severe form or was allowed to continue might have caused death.
Requires or prolongs inpatient hospitalization (see Section 5.3.3.9)
Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity (i.e., the AE results in substantial disruption of the patient's ability to conduct normal life functions)
Congenital anomaly/birth defect in a neonate/infant born to a mother exposed to study drug
Significant medical event in the investigator's judgment (e.g., may jeopardize the patient or may require medical/surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed above)
The terms "severe" and "serious" are not synonymous. Severity refers to the intensity of an adverse event (rated as mild, moderate, or severe); the event itself may be of relatively minor medical significance (such as severe headache). "Serious" is a regulatory definition and is based on patient or event outcome or action criteria usually
associated with events that pose a threat to a patient's life or vital functions. Seriousness (not severity) serves as the guide for defining regulatory reporting obligations.
Severity and seriousness need to be independently assessed for each AE recorded on the eCRF.
SAEs are required to be reported by the investigator to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4 for reporting instructions).
5.2.3 Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor)
Non-serious AESI are required to be reported by the investigator to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4.2 for reporting instructions). AESI for this study include the following:
All events of sICH (use a list of preferred terms [PTs] see Appendix 13)
In addition, Suspected Transmission of an Infectious Agent via a Medicinal Product (STIAMP) by the study drug in a Genentech-sponsored trial qualifies as an AESI and requires immediate reporting to the Sponsor.
5.3 METHODS AND TIMING FOR CAPTURING AND ASSESSING SAFETY PARAMETERS
The investigator is responsible for ensuring that all AEs (see Section 5.2.1 for definition) are recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF and reported to the Sponsor in accordance with instructions provided in this section and in Section 5.3.1 to Section 5.6.
For each AE recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF, the investigator will make an assessment of seriousness (see Section 5.2.2 for seriousness criteria), severity (see Section 5.3.2), and causality (see Section 5.3.3).
5.3.1 Adverse Event Reporting Period
Investigators will seek information on AEs at each patient contact. All AEs, whether reported by the patient or noted by study personnel, will be recorded in the patient's medical record and on the Adverse Event eCRF.
After informed consent has been obtained, but prior to initiation of study drug, only SAEs caused by a protocol-mandated intervention should be reported.
After initiation of study drug, all AEs, regardless of relationship to study drug, will be reported until 90 days after administration of study drug. After this period, the investigator is not required to actively monitor patients for adverse events; however, the Sponsor should be notified if the investigator becomes aware of any post-study serious adverse events or non-serious adverse events of special interest (see Section 5.6).
5.3.2 Assessment of Severity of Adverse Events
The World Health Organization (WHO) toxicity grading scale (see Appendix 14) will be used for assessing adverse event severity. Table 4 will be used for assessing severity for adverse events that are not specifically listed in the WHO toxicity grading scale.
Table 4 Adverse Event Severity Grading Scale
Grade
Severity
1
Mild; transient or mild discomfort (<48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required
2
Moderate; mild to moderate limitation in activity; some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required
3
Severe; marked limitation in activity; some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required; hospitalization possible
4
Life-threatening; extreme limitation in activity; significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable
Notes: Developed by the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
Regardless of severity, some events may also meet seriousness criteria. Refer to definition of a serious adverse event (see Section 5.2.2).
5.3.3 Assessment of Causality of Adverse Events
Investigators should use their knowledge of the patient, the circumstances surrounding the event, and an evaluation of any potential alternative causes to determine whether or not an AE is considered to be related to the study drug, indicating "yes" or "no" accordingly. The following guidance should be taken into consideration (see also Table 5):
Temporal relationship of event onset to the initiation of study drug
Course of the event, considering especially the effects of dose reduction, discontinuation of study drug, or reintroduction of study drug (as applicable)
Known association of the event with the study drug or with similar treatments
Known association of the event with the disease under study
Presence of risk factors in the patient or use of concomitant medications known to increase the occurrence of the event
Presence of non-treatment-related factors that are known to be associated with the occurrence of the event
Table 5 Causal Attribution Guidance
Is the adverse event suspected to be caused by the study drug on the basis of facts, evidence, science-based rationales, and clinical judgment?
YES
There is a plausible temporal relationship between the onset of the adverse event and administration of the study drug, and the adverse event cannot be readily explained by the patient's clinical state, intercurrent illness, or concomitant therapies; and/or the adverse event follows a known pattern of response to the study drug; and/or the adverse event abates or resolves upon discontinuation of the study drug or dose reduction and, if applicable, reappears upon re-challenge.
NO
Adverse events will be considered related, unless they fulfill the criteria as specified below.
Evidence exists that the adverse event has an etiology other than the study drug (e.g., preexisting medical condition, underlying disease, intercurrent illness, or concomitant medication); and/or the adverse event has no plausible temporal relationship to administration of the study drug (e.g., cancer diagnosed 2 days after first dose of study drug).
5.3.3.1 Diagnosis versus Signs and Symptoms
A diagnosis (if known) should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF rather than individual signs and symptoms (e.g., record only liver failure or hepatitis rather than jaundice, asterixis, and elevated transaminases). However, if a constellation of signs and/or symptoms cannot be medically characterized as a single diagnosis or syndrome at the time of reporting, each individual event should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. If a diagnosis is subsequently established, all previously reported AEs based on signs and symptoms should be nullified and replaced by one AE report based on the single diagnosis, with a starting date that corresponds to the starting date of the first symptom of the eventual diagnosis.
5.3.3.2 Adverse Events Occurring Secondary to Other Events
In general, AEs occurring secondary to other events (e.g., cascade events or clinical sequelae) should be identified by their primary cause, with the exception of severe or serious secondary events. However, medically significant AEs occurring secondary to an initiating event that are separated in time should be recorded as independent events on the Adverse Event eCRF. For example:
If vomiting results in mild dehydration with no additional treatment in a healthy adult, only vomiting should be reported on the eCRF.
If vomiting results in severe dehydration, both events should be reported separately on the eCRF.
If a severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage leads to renal failure, both events should be reported separately on the eCRF.
If dizziness leads to a fall and consequent fracture, all three events should be reported separately on the eCRF.
If neutropenia is accompanied by an infection, both events should be reported separately on the eCRF.
All AEs should be recorded separately on the Adverse Event eCRF if it is unclear as to whether the events are associated.
5.3.3.3 Persistent or Recurrent Adverse Events
A persistent AE is one that extends continuously, without resolution, between patient evaluation timepoints. Such events should only be recorded once on the Adverse Event eCRF. The initial severity of the event should be recorded, and the severity should be updated to reflect the most extreme severity any time the event worsens. If the event becomes serious, the Adverse Event eCRF should be updated to reflect this.
A recurrent AE is one that resolves between patient evaluation timepoints and subsequently recurs. Each recurrence of an AE should be recorded separately on the Adverse Event eCRF.
5.3.3.4 Abnormal Laboratory Values
Not every laboratory abnormality qualifies as an AE. A laboratory test result must be reported as an if it meets any of the following criteria:
Accompanied by clinical symptoms
Results in a change in study treatment (e.g., dosage modification, treatment interruption, or treatment discontinuation)
Results in a medical intervention (e.g., potassium supplementation for hypokalemia) or a change in concomitant therapy
Clinically significant in the investigator's judgment
It is the investigator's responsibility to review all laboratory findings. Medical and scientific judgment should be exercised in deciding whether an isolated laboratory abnormality should be classified as an AE.
If a clinically significant laboratory abnormality is a sign of a disease or syndrome (e.g., alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin 5 times the upper limit of normal associated with cholestasis), only the diagnosis (i.e., cholestasis) should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
If a clinically significant laboratory abnormality is not a sign of a disease or syndrome, the abnormality itself should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF, along with a descriptor indicating if the test result is above or below the normal range (e.g., "elevated potassium" as opposed to "abnormal potassium"). If the laboratory abnormality can be characterized by a precise clinical term per standard definitions, the clinical term should be recorded as the AE. For example, an elevated serum potassium level of should be recorded as "hyperkalemia."
Observations of the same clinically significant laboratory abnormality from visit to visit should not be repeatedly recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF unless the etiology
changes. The initial severity of the event should be recorded, and the severity or seriousness should be updated any time the event worsens.
5.3.3.5 Abnormal Vital Sign Values
Not every vital sign abnormality qualifies as an AE. A vital sign result must be reported as an AE if it meets any of the following criteria:
Accompanied by clinical symptoms
Results in a change in study treatment (e.g., dosage modification, treatment interruption, or treatment discontinuation)
Results in a medical intervention or a change in concomitant therapy
Clinically significant in the investigator's judgment
It is the investigator's responsibility to review all vital sign findings. Medical and scientific judgment should be exercised in deciding whether an isolated vital sign abnormality should be classified as an AE.
If a clinically significant vital sign abnormality is a sign of a disease or syndrome (e.g., high blood pressure), only the diagnosis (i.e., hypertension) should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
Observations of the same clinically significant vital sign abnormality from visit to visit should not be repeatedly recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF unless the etiology changes. The initial severity of the event should be recorded, and the severity or seriousness should be updated any time the event worsens.
5.3.3.6 Deaths
All deaths that occur during the protocol-specified AE reporting period (Section 5.3.1) regardless of relationship to study drug, must be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF and immediately reported to the Sponsor (see Section 5.2.2). This includes death attributed to progression of AIS.
Death should be considered an outcome and not a distinct event. The event or condition that caused or contributed to the fatal outcome should be recorded as the single medical concept on the Adverse Event eCRF. Generally, only one such event should be reported. The term "sudden death" should only be used for the occurrence of an abrupt and unexpected death due to presumed cardiac causes in a patient with or without preexisting heart disease, within 1 hour of the onset of acute symptoms or, in the case of an unwitnessed death, within 24 hours after the patient was last seen alive and stable. If the cause of death is unknown and cannot be ascertained at the time of reporting, "unexplained death" should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. If the cause of death later becomes available (e.g., after autopsy), "unexplained death" should be replaced by the established cause of death.
If the death is attributed to progression of AIS, "acute ischemic stroke progression" should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
5.3.3.7 Preexisting Medical Conditions
A preexisting medical condition is one that is present at the screening visit for this study. Such conditions should be recorded on the General Medical History and Baseline Conditions eCRF.
A preexisting medical condition should be recorded as an AE only if the frequency, severity, or character of the condition worsens during the study. When recording such events on the Adverse Event eCRF, it is important to convey the concept that the preexisting condition has changed by including applicable descriptors (e.g., more frequent headaches").
5.3.3.8 Lack of Efficacy or Worsening of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Medical occurrences or symptoms of deterioration that are anticipated as part of AIS should be recorded as an AE if judged by the investigator to have unexpectedly worsened in severity or frequency or changed in nature at any time during the study. When recording an unanticipated worsening of acute ischemic stroke on the Adverse Event eCRF, it is important to convey the concept that the condition has changed by including applicable descriptors (e.g., "accelerated acute ischemic stroke").
5.3.3.9 Hospitalization or Prolonged Hospitalization
Any AE that results in hospitalization (i.e., in-patient admission to a hospital) or prolonged hospitalization should be documented and reported as an SAE (per the definition of an SAE in Section 5.2.2), except as outlined below.
The following hospitalization scenarios are not considered to be AEs:
Hospitalization for respite care
Hospitalization for a preexisting condition, provided that all of the following criteria are met:
The hospitalization was planned prior to the study or was scheduled during the study when elective surgery became necessary because of the expected normal progression of the disease.
The patient has not suffered an AE.
5.3.3.10 Adverse Events Associated with an Overdose
An overdose is the accidental or intentional use of a drug in an amount higher than the dose being studied. An overdose or incorrect administration of study treatment is not itself an AE, but it may result in an AE. All AEs associated with an overdose or incorrect administration of study drug should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. If the associated AE fulfills serious criteria, the event should be reported to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4.2).
5.3.3.11 Patient-Reported Outcome Data
AE reports will not be derived from PRO data by the Sponsor, and safety analyses will not be performed using PRO data. However, if any PRO responses suggestive of a possible AE are identified during site review of the PRO data, the investigator will determine whether the criteria for an AE have been met and, if so, will report the event on the Adverse Event eCRF.
5.4 IMMEDIATE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FROM INVESTIGATOR TO SPONSOR
Certain events require immediate reporting to allow the Sponsor to take appropriate measures to address potential new risks in a clinical trial. The investigator must report such events to the Sponsor immediately; under no circumstances should reporting take place more than 24 hours after the investigator learns of the event. The following is a list of events that the investigator must report to the Sponsor within 24 hours after learning of the event, regardless of relationship to study drug:
SAEs
Non-serious AESI
Pregnancies
The investigator must report new significant follow-up information for these events to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after becoming aware of the information). New significant information includes the following:
New signs or symptoms or a change in the diagnosis
Significant new diagnostic test results
Change in causality based on new information
Change in the event's outcome, including recovery
Additional narrative information on the clinical course of the event
Investigators must also comply with local requirements for reporting SAEs to the local health authority and Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee (IRB/EC).
5.4.1 Emergency Medical Contacts
Medical Monitor Contact Information
PPD Medical Monitor contact information:
Alternate Medical Monitor contact information for all sites:
5.4.2 Reporting Requirements for Serious Adverse Events and Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest
For reports of SAEs and non-serious AESI, investigators should record all case details that can be gathered immediately (i.e., within 24 hours) on the Adverse Event eCRF and submit the report via the electronic data capture (EDC) system. A report will be generated and sent to the Sponsor's Safety Risk Management department by the EDC system.
In the event that the EDC system is unavailable, a paper Serious Adverse Event Reporting Form and fax cover sheet should be completed and faxed to Safety Risk Management or its designee immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event), using the fax numbers provided below. Once the EDC system is available, all information will need to be entered and submitted via the EDC system.
Female patients of childbearing potential will be instructed to immediately inform the investigator if they become pregnant within days after the last dose of study drug. A Pregnancy Report eCRF should be completed by the investigator immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the pregnancy) and submitted via the EDC system. A pregnancy report will automatically be generated and sent to Safety Risk Management. Pregnancy should not be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. The investigator should counsel the patient, discussing the risks of the pregnancy and the possible effects on the fetus. Monitoring of the patient should continue until conclusion of the pregnancy. Any SAEs associated with the pregnancy (e.g., an event in the fetus, an event in the mother during or after the pregnancy, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the child) should be reported on the Adverse Event eCRF.
In the event that the EDC system is unavailable, a Clinical Trial Pregnancy Reporting Form and fax cover sheet should be completed and faxed to Safety Risk Management or its designee immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the pregnancy), using the fax numbers provided in Section 5.4.2. Once the EDC system is available, all information will need to be entered and submitted via the EDC system.
5.4.3.2 Congenital Anomalies/Birth Defects and Abortions
Any congenital anomaly/birth defect in a child born to a female patient exposed to study drug should be classified as an SAE, recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF, and reported to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4.2). Any spontaneous abortion should be reported in the same
fashion (as the Sponsor considers spontaneous abortions to be medically significant events).
5.5 FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS AFTER ADVERSE EVENTS
5.5.1 Investigator Follow-Up
The investigator should follow each AE until the event has resolved to baseline grade or better and is assessed as stable by the investigator, the patient is lost to follow-up, or the patient withdraws consent. Every effort should be made to follow all SAEs considered to be related to study drug or trial-related procedures until a final outcome can be reported.
During the study period, resolution of AEs (with dates) should be documented on the Adverse Event eCRF and in the patient's medical record to facilitate source data verification. If, after follow-up, return to baseline status or stabilization cannot be established, an explanation should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
All pregnancies reported during the study should be followed until pregnancy outcome. If the EDC system is not available at the time of pregnancy outcome, follow reporting instructions provided in Section 5.4.3.
5.5.2 Sponsor Follow-Up
For SAEs, AESI, and pregnancies, the Sponsor or a designee may follow up by telephone, fax, electronic mail, and/or a monitoring visit to obtain additional case details and outcome information (e.g., from hospital discharge summaries, consultant reports, autopsy reports) in order to perform an independent medical assessment of the reported case.
5.6 POST-STUDY ADVERSE EVENTS
At the time of study completion or study discontinuation, the investigator should instruct each patient to report to the investigator any subsequent AEs that the patient's personal physician believes could be related to prior study drug treatment or study procedures.
The investigator is not required to actively monitor patients for AEs after the end of the AE reporting period (defined as 90 days after administration of study drug). However, the Sponsor should be notified if the investigator becomes aware of any death, other SAE, or non-serious AESI occurring after the end of the AE reporting period, regardless of causality. The Sponsor should also be notified if the investigator becomes aware of the development of cancer or a congenital anomaly/birth defect in a subsequently conceived offspring of a female patient exposed to study drug.
The investigator should report these events directly to Safety Risk Management via telephone at 1-888-835-2555.
5.7 EXPEDITED REPORTING TO HEALTH AUTHORITIES, INVESTIGATORS, INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS, AND ETHICS COMMITTEES
The Sponsor will promptly evaluate all SAEs and non-serious AESI against cumulative product experience to identify and expeditiously communicate possible new safety findings to investigators, IRBs, ECs, and applicable health authorities based on applicable legislation.
To determine reporting requirements for single AE cases, the Sponsor will assess the expectedness of these events using the following reference document:
Alteplase Investigator's Brochure
The Sponsor will compare the severity of each event and the cumulative event frequency reported for the study with the severity and frequency reported in the applicable reference document.
Reporting requirements will also be based on the investigator's assessment of causality and seriousness, with allowance for upgrading by the Sponsor as needed.
6. STATISTICAL METHODS
This study will test whether treatment of patients with mild stroke with IV alteplase will lead to a higher proportion ( absolute difference) of patients with a favorable outcome (mRS of 0 or 1 ) at 90 days.
6.1 DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE
A sample size of 856 is required in order to achieve power in the primary analysis to detect effect size of absolute difference in the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes between the alteplase and control arms. The above power consideration assumes a control proportion of and Type I error of 0.025 (one-sided), and uses a group sequential design with one interim analysis for futility (non-binding), based on O'Brien and Fleming boundary, after 50% of the anticipated sample size have completed 90-day follow-up assessments. was used in sample size calculation.
The ITT principle will be applied to the primary analysis and, therefore, to safeguard against dilution of the treatment effect associated with an approximate 5% non-adherence rate (due to lost to follow-up, consent withdrawal, and treatment crossovers), the above sample size needs to be inflated by a factor of or 1.108 (Friedman et al. 1998). Therefore, a total sample size of 948 is required for this study.
6.2 PRIMARY ANALYSIS
The primary efficacy analysis will test the hypothesis of superiority of IV alteplase therapy over standard medical care in AIS patients with mild symptoms. The primary efficacy outcome is the proportion of patients with a favorable outcome, defined by
mRS score of 0 or 1 at 90 days post-randomization. The difference in the proportion of responders (favorable outcome) at 90 days post-randomization between the IV alteplase arm and the standard medical care arm will be compared via a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, stratified by pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. 3-5), age (<65 vs. ), and last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours). The primary efficacy analysis will include all randomized patients, with patients grouped according to the treatment assigned at randomization adhering to the ITT principle. A patient is considered enrolled and randomized in the trial, and included in the ITT population, as soon as study drug begins. As a sensitivity analysis, results from the univariate Pearson's chi-square test will also be presented.
As a supportive, secondary analysis, an ordinal (or "shift") analysis of the distribution of the mRS will be analyzed via proportional odds model if the proportionality assumption holds, and by the Mann-Whitney superiority measure if the proportionality assumption does not hold. The proportionality assumption will be assessed using the score test as well as clinical judgment on the similarities of the different odds ratios. Other secondary efficacy outcomes of interest include NIHSS score, BI, GOS, and global outcome scale at 90 days. These results will be treated as supportive evidence (or lack thereof) of the treatment effect rather than conclusive evidence, the significance of each test is determined at the two-sided alpha level of 0.05 . The specific statistical model for analyzing each of these outcome measures will be detailed in the Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP).
6.3 SAFETY ANALYSIS
Incidence and severity of AEs will be described for all treated patients by treatment group as received and by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) classification.
Primary safety outcomes include incidence of sICH within 36 hours, any ICH within 36 hours, overall mortality, and stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days of study drug initiation. The cumulative incidences of each outcome will be compared via Fisher's exact test. Mortality will be analyzed by Log-Rank test and the Kaplan-Meier estimates will be plotted over the observation period of 90 days. No alpha adjustment for multiple testing on the safety endpoints is foreseen because those analyses will be exploratory.
6.4 EXPLORATORY ANALYSES
As exploratory analyses, heterogeneity of treatment effect of alteplase will be evaluated by various pre-specified baseline covariates. The primary pre-specified variables and their analytic thresholds are defined by:
Age (<65 vs. )
Pre-treatment NIHSS score (0-2 vs. 3-5)
Last known well time to treatment ( vs. hours)
Stroke subgroup (RISS vs. non-RISS)
Additional heterogeneity analyses will be considered and detailed in the SAP. Forest plots will be constructed to illustrate subgroup analyses. In addition, the two-way interactions of IV alteplase treatment effect with age, NIHSS score, and stroke subgroups (RISS vs. non-RISS) on the primary outcome will be explored through multivariable logistic regression. Additional exploratory analyses will be conducted to explore treatment effects on quality of life endpoints and other exploratory endpoints.
6.5 INTERIM ANALYSIS
One interim analysis of the primary efficacy outcome is planned for clear futility, conducted according to the beta-spending approach (Pampallona et al. 2001) with O'Brien and Fleming-type boundaries. This futility analysis will occur after approximately of patients (or 474 ) have completed the 90 -day assessment.
An independent Data Coordinating Center (iDCC) will be responsible for the preparation and review of unmasked data. Further details will be provided in the interim SAP and the iDMC charter.
An iDMC will be organized for review of the interim analysis results. The composition of the iDMC and analysis in detail will be documented in a separate iDMC charter.
6.6 MISSING DATA HANDLING
Under the ITT principle, all patients who are randomized will be included in the analysis. The multiple-imputation method will be used for handling missing data, including the last observation among the variables employed in imputation. As supportive analyses, missing primary outcome data will be imputed by 1 ) using last observation carried forward and 2) assuming missing outcomes to be unfavorable.
7. DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT
7.1 DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE
The Sponsor will supply eCRF specifications for this study. A contract research organization (CRO) will be responsible for data management of this study, including quality checking of the data. Data entered manually will be collected via EDC using eCRFs. Sites will be responsible for data entry into the EDC system. In the event of discrepant data, the CRO will request data clarification from the sites, which the sites will resolve electronically in the EDC system.
The CRO will produce a Data Quality Plan that describes the quality checking to be performed on the data with the input from the Sponsor. For this study, local laboratories will be used and data will be captured in the EDC system and will then be transferred to the Sponsor. This will include the eCRF data using the Sponsor's standard procedures and processes to transfer data.
The Sponsor will perform oversight of the data management of this study, including approval of the CRO's data management plans and specifications. Data will be transferred electronically from the CRO to the Sponsor, and the Sponsor's standard procedures will be used to handle and process the electronic transfer of these data.
eCRFs and correction documentation will be maintained in the EDC system's audit trail. The EDC vendor has back-ups for data stored, and records retention for the study data will be consistent with the CRO's standard procedures.
Data from paper PRO questionnaires will be entered into the EDC system by site staff.
7.2 ELECTRONIC CASE REPORT FORMS
eCRFs are to be completed using a Sponsor-designated EDC system. Sites will receive training and have eCRF completion guidelines for the eCRF completion. eCRFs will be submitted electronically to the Sponsor and should be handled in accordance with instructions from the Sponsor.
All eCRFs should be completed by designated trained site staff. eCRFs should be reviewed and electronically signed and dated by the investigator or a designee.
At the end of the study, the investigator will receive patient data for his or her site in a readable format on a compact disc that must be kept with the study records. Acknowledgement of receipt of the compact disc is required.
7.3 SOURCE DATA DOCUMENTATION
Study monitors will perform ongoing source data verification to confirm that critical protocol data (e.g., source data) entered into the eCRFs by authorized site personnel are accurate, complete, and verifiable from source documents. Source documents (paper or electronic) are those in which patient data are recorded and documented for the first time. They include, but are not limited to, hospital records, clinical and office charts, laboratory notes, memoranda, patient-reported outcomes, evaluation checklists, pharmacy dispensing records, recorded data from automated instruments, copies of transcriptions that are certified after verification as being accurate and complete, microfiche, photographic negatives, microfilm or magnetic media, X-rays, patient files, and records kept at pharmacies, laboratories, and medico-technical departments involved in a clinical trial.
Before study initiation, the types of source documents that are to be generated will be clearly defined in the Study Trial Monitoring Plan. This includes any protocol data to be entered directly into the eCRFs (i.e., no prior written or electronic record of the data) and considered source data.
Source documents that are required to verify the validity and completeness of data entered into the eCRFs must not be obliterated or destroyed and must be retained per the policy for retention of records described in Section 7.5.
To facilitate source data verification, the investigators and institutions must provide the Sponsor direct access to applicable source documents and reports for trial-related monitoring, Sponsor audits, and IRB/EC review. The investigational site must also allow inspection by applicable health authorities.
7.4 USE OF COMPUTERIZED SYSTEMS
When clinical observations are entered directly into an investigational site's computerized medical record system (i.e., in lieu of original hardcopy records), the electronic record can serve as the source document if the system has been validated in accordance with health authority requirements pertaining to computerized systems used in clinical research. An acceptable computerized data collection system allows preservation of the original entry of data. If original data are modified, the system should maintain a viewable audit trail that shows the original data as well as the reason for the change, name of the person making the change, and date of the change.
7.5 RETENTION OF RECORDS
Records and documents pertaining to the conduct of this study and the distribution of IMP, including eCRFs, PRO data (if applicable), Informed Consent Forms, laboratory test results, and medication inventory records, must be retained by the Principal Investigator for at least 15 years after completion or discontinuation of the study, or for the length of time required by relevant national or local health authorities, whichever is longer. After that period of time, the documents may be destroyed, subject to local regulations.
No records may be disposed of without the written approval of the Sponsor. Written notification should be provided to the Sponsor prior to transferring any records to another party or moving them to another location.
8. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
8.1 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS
This study will be conducted in full conformance with the International Conference on Harmonisation E6 guideline for Good Clinical Practice and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, or the laws and regulations of the country in which the research is conducted, whichever affords the greater protection to the individual. The study will comply with the requirements of the International Conference on Harmonisation E2A guideline (Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting). Studies conducted in the United States or under a U.S. Investigational New Drug (IND) application will comply with FDA regulations and applicable local, state, and
federal laws. Studies conducted in the EU/EEA will comply with the EU Clinical Trial Directive (2001/20/EC).
8.2 INFORMED CONSENT
The Sponsor's sample Informed Consent Form (and ancillary sample Informed Consent Forms such as a Child's Assent or Caregiver's Informed Consent Form, if applicable) will be provided to each site. If applicable, it will be provided in a certified translation of the local language. The Sponsor or its designee must review and approve any proposed deviations from the Sponsor's sample Informed Consent Forms or any alternate consent forms proposed by the site (collectively, the "Consent Forms") before IRB/EC submission. The final IRB/EC-approved Consent Forms must be provided to the Sponsor for health authority submission purposes according to local requirements.
The Consent Forms should be revised whenever there are changes to study procedures or when new information becomes available that may affect the willingness of the patient to participate. The final revised IRB/EC-approved Consent Forms must be provided to the Sponsor for health authority submission purposes.
Patients must be re-consented to the most current version of the Consent Forms (or to a significant new information/findings addendum in accordance with applicable laws and IRB/EC policy) during their participation in the study. For any updated or revised Consent Forms, the case history or clinical records for each patient shall document the informed consent process and that written informed consent was obtained using the updated/revised Consent Forms for continued participation in the study.
A copy of each signed Consent Form must be provided to the patient or the patient's legally authorized representative. All signed and dated Consent Forms must remain in each patient's study file or in the site file and must be available for verification by study monitors at any time.
For sites in the U.S., each Consent Form may also include patient authorization to allow use and disclosure of personal health information in compliance with the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). If the site utilizes a separate Authorization Form for patient authorization for use and disclosure of personal health information under the HIPAA regulations, the review, approval, and other processes outlined above apply except that IRB review and approval may not be required per study site policies.
8.3 INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD OR ETHICS COMMITTEE
This protocol, the Informed Consent Forms, any information to be given to the patient, and relevant supporting information must be submitted to the IRB/EC by the Principal Investigator and reviewed and approved by the IRB/EC before the study is initiated. In addition, any patient recruitment materials must be approved by the IRB/EC.
The Principal Investigator is responsible for providing written summaries of the status of the study to the IRB/EC annually or more frequently in accordance with the requirements, policies, and procedures established by the IRB/EC. Investigators are also responsible for promptly informing the IRB/EC of any protocol amendments (see Section 9.5).
In addition to the requirements for reporting all AEs to the Sponsor, investigators must comply with requirements for reporting SAEs to the local health authority and IRB/EC. Investigators may receive written IND safety reports or other safety-related communications from the Sponsor. Investigators are responsible for ensuring that such reports are reviewed and processed in accordance with health authority requirements and the policies and procedures established by their IRB/EC, and archived in the site's study file.
8.4 CONFIDENTIALITY
The Sponsor maintains confidentiality standards by coding each patient enrolled in the study through assignment of a unique patient ID number. This means that patient names are not included in data sets that are transmitted to any Sponsor location.
Patient medical information obtained by this study is confidential and may only be disclosed to third parties as permitted by the Informed Consent Form (or separate authorization for use and disclosure of personal health information) signed by the patient, unless permitted or required by law.
Medical information may be given to a patient's personal physician or other appropriate medical personnel responsible for the patient's welfare, for treatment purposes.
Data generated by this study must be available for inspection upon request by representatives of the U.S. FDA and other national and local health authorities, Sponsor monitors, representatives, and collaborators, and the IRB/EC for each study site, as appropriate.
8.5 FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Investigators will provide the Sponsor with sufficient, accurate financial information in accordance with local regulations to allow the Sponsor to submit complete and accurate financial certification or disclosure statements to the appropriate health authorities. Investigators are responsible for providing information on financial interests during the course of the study and for 1 year after completion of the study (i.e., LPLV).
9. STUDY DOCUMENTATION, MONITORING, AND ADMINISTRATION
9.1 STUDY DOCUMENTATION
The investigator must maintain adequate and accurate records to enable the conduct of the study to be fully documented, including but not limited to the protocol, protocol
amendments, Informed Consent Forms, and documentation of IRB/EC and governmental approval. In addition, at the end of the study, the investigator will receive the patient data, which includes an audit trail containing a complete record of all changes to data.
9.2 PROTOCOL VIOLATIONS
The investigator should document and explain any protocol violations. The investigator should promptly report any violations that might impact patient safety and data integrity to the Sponsor and to the IRB/EC in accordance with established IRB/EC policies and procedures.
9.3 SITE INSPECTIONS
Site visits will be conducted by the Sponsor or an authorized representative for inspection of study data, patients' medical records, and eCRFs. The investigator will permit national and local health authorities, Sponsor monitors, representatives, and collaborators, and the IRBs/ECs to inspect facilities and records relevant to this study.
9.4 ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
Genentech, Inc., is the Sponsor and will have oversight of study management, including project management, oversight of data management, and statistical programming. A CRO will assist with study management, including project management, medical monitoring (as needed), clinical monitoring, data monitoring, and data management. Patients will be enrolled at approximately 75 sites in the U.S. and Canada.
The CRO will manage site activation, study drug supply, patient enrollment and tracking, and clinical monitoring. Genentech will handle study drug distribution.
A Steering Committee will provide scientific oversight for this study. The Steering Committee will be composed of Genentech representatives and external advisors. The Steering Committee will perform functions such as:
Provide recommendations regarding changes in the study conduct
Review results of the final analyses for primary and secondary endpoints
Participate in the drafting and publishing of final study results
An iDMC will be responsible for monitoring the overall efficacy and safety of the patients in the trial after treatment with alteplase. The iDMC will be composed of external advisors. The iDMC will perform functions such as:
Review all accumulated safety data at interim analysis
Review efficacy data analysis performed for interim analysis for consideration of potential discontinuation of the trial for futility
Make recommendation to the Sponsor as to if it is appropriate to discontinue the study after assessing the interim efficacy and safety data in aggregate
Determine if the study should continue after review of interim analysis results and to assess the sample size requirement using accumulated data, as described in the protocol
An iDCC will be responsible for the preparation and review of unmasked data.
A central IRB will be utilized when possible to ensure the timely submission and approval of site regulatory documents for sites not required to use a local IRB. The CRO will be responsible for management of the central IRB.
An EDC system will be used to capture data for the study.
An IxRS will be utilized for randomization, patient tracking, and drug inventory management for the study.
9.5 PROTOCOL AMENDMENTS
Any protocol amendments will be prepared by the Sponsor. Protocol amendments will be submitted to the IRB/EC and to regulatory authorities in accordance with local regulatory requirements.
Approval must be obtained from the IRB/EC and regulatory authorities (as locally required) before implementation of any changes, except for changes necessary to eliminate an immediate hazard to patients or changes that involve logistical or administrative aspects only (e.g., change in Medical Monitor or contact information).
10. REFERENCES
Activase (alteplase) U.S. Package Insert, Genentech, Inc., 2011.
Baumann CR, Baumgartner RW, Gandjour J, et al. Good outcomes in ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis despite regressing neurological symptoms. Stroke 2006,37:1332-3.
De Los Rios La Rosa F, Khoury J, Kissela BM, et al. Eligibility of intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator within a population: the effect of the European cooperative acute stroke study (ECASS) III trial. Stroke 2012,43(6):1592-5.
Demaerschalk BM. Thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke: the likelihood of being helped versus harmed. Stroke 2007;38:2215-16.
Dhamoon MS, Moom YP, Boden-Albala B, et al. Long-term functional recovery after first ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke 2009;40:2805-11.
Edlow JS, Smith EE, Stead LG, et al. Clinical policy: Use of t-PA for the management of acute ischemic stroke in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2013;61:225-43.
Friedman LM, Furberg CD, DeMets DL. Fundamentals of Clinical Trials. Third ed. 1998, New York, NY:Springer:108.
Fischer U, Baumgartner A, Arnold M, et al. What is minor stroke? Stroke 2010;41:661-6.
Gonzales NR, Albright KC, Noser KC, et al. "Mild stroke" should not exclude patients from thrombolytic therapy. Stroke 2006;37:621.
Hassan AE, Hassanzadeh B, Tohidi V, et al. Very mild stroke patients benefit from intravenous tissue plasminogen activator without increase of intracranial hemorrhage. South Med J 2010a;103(5):398-402.
Hassan AE, Zacharoatos H, Hassanzadeh B, et al. Does Mild deficit for patients with stroke justify use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2010b;19:116-20.
Huisa BN, Raman R, Neil W, et al. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for patients with minor ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2012;21:733-6.
Jauch EC, Saver JL, Adams HP, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease and Council on Clinical Cardiology: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke 2013;44:1655-11.
Khatri P, Conaway MR, Johnston KC; Acute Stroke Accurate Prediction Study (ASAP) Investigators. Ninety-day outcome rates of a prospective cohort of consecutive patients with mild stroke. Stroke 2012;43:560-62.
Khatri P, Kleindorfer DO, Yeatts SD, et al. Strokes with minor symptoms: an exploratory analysis of the National Institute of Neurological disorders and stroke recombinant tissue plasminogen activator trials. Stroke 2010;41:2581-6.
Köhrmann M, Nowe T, Huttner HB, et al. Safety and outcome after thrombolysis in stroke patients with mild symptoms. Cerebrovasc Dis 2009;27(2):160-66.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rt-PA Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1581-8.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rt-PA Study Group. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for minor strokes: the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Experience. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:243-52.
Pampallona S, Tsiatis AA, Kim K. Interim monitoring of group sequential trials using spending functions for the type I and type II error probabilities. Drug Inf J 2001;35:1113-21.
Reeves M, Khoury J, Alwell K, et al. Distribution of NIHSS in the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study. Stroke 2013; In press.
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Abstract
Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Dávalos A, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): an observational study. Lancet 2007;369:275-82.
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Appendix 1
Schedule of Assessments
ASSESSMENTS
Screening and Baseline (Visit 1)
Study Drug Administration
22-36 Hours from Start of Study Drug Administration (Visit 2)
Day 5 (or Discharge if Sooner) (Visit 3)
30 Days ( ± 7 Days) Phone Call (Visit 4)
Days/ Study Completion In-Person Visit (Visit 5)
Early Discontinuation (Phone call, if possible)
Informed consent
x
Review of eligibility
x
Medical history and baseline conditions
x
Demographics
x
Neurological examination
x
Vital signs
x
Complete blood count
x
Coagulation status
x
Pregnancy test
x
Serum blood glucose
x
Imaging modality sensitive to presence of intracranial hemorrhage (either CT or MRI with DW MRI, either SW or GRE, and FLAIR images). Visit 2 MRIs should also include T1 and T2 sequences
x
x
NIHSS score
x
x
x
x
Study drug administration
x
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 1
Appendix 1 (cont.)
Schedule of Assessments
ASSESSMENTS
Screening and Baseline (Visit 1)
Study Drug Administration
22-36 Hours from Start of Study Drug Administration (Visit 2)
Includes smoking history and stroke history. A partial neurological examination is to be performed for each patient. The NIHSS will be a component of the neurological examination and will be performed only by practitioners who are certified to perform an NIHSS assessment. Additional, or supplemental, neurological exams will also be performed, including assessment of mental status, cranial nerves, motor function and coordination. Includes oral temperature, respiratory rate, pulse, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (while patient is in a supine position). Complete blood count includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Coagulation status includes INR values of , prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and patient or family report of patient currently taking oral anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban). Pregnancy status will be determined in women of childbearing potential. Serum or urine pregnancy test can be collected. Serum glucose (values of are contraindicated for alteplase). MRI or CT scan should be performed if any clinical findings suggest ICH. NIHSS score should be assessed and recorded at the time of any clinical findings that suggest ICH. The mRS may be performed by telephone, if necessary, for visits on Days 30 and 90. The BI, CES-D, EQ-5D, and SIS-16 can be administered by phone interview if an in-person patient visit cannot be scheduled in the allotted time. Assessment of walking speed requires an in-person patient visit and is best combined with administration of the BI, CES-D, EQ-5D, and SIS-16. Concomitant medications includes any prescription medications or over-the-counter preparations used by the patient within 7 days prior to screening. Adverse event assessments at Screening/Baseline, 22-36 hours after study drug administration, Days 5, 30, and 90 may be done via telephone interview if necessary, and early discontinuation.
Appendix 2
Alteplase Administration
Administration of bolus
Step 1:
Inspect solution
After reconstitution to , inspect solution for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration
Step 2:
Discard excess
To ensure proper dosing, discard excess by removing from vial any quantity of drug in excess of that specified for patient treatment. When drawing off excess solution, be sure to insert the needle into the peripheral area of the vial top, away from the puncture site caused by the transfer device
Step 3:
Prepare bolus
Withdraw 10% of the dose in one of the following ways:
Remove from vial using a syringe and needle,
Remove from port(second injection site) on infusion line after infusion set is primed, or
Program infusion pump to deliver bolus at infusion initiation
Step 4:
Administer bolus
Administer initial IV bolus over 1 minute
Administration of remainder of dose
Infuse the remaining of dose over 60 minutes.
50-mg vials-Administer using either a polyvinyl chloride bag or glass vial and infusion set.
No medication should be added to the infusion solutions that contain alteplase.
For specifics regarding dosing and administration, please see the Activase full Prescribing Information.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 1
Appendix 3
Reconstitution of Vials
A single vial of Activase may be used to treat patients weighing up to 122 lbs or 55.5 kilograms. Reconstitute Activase immediately before administration, using aseptic technique at all times-including thorough hand washing and the use of gloves.
Step 1:
Assemble the vial of Activase, the vial of Sterile Water for Injection (SWFI), USP (included with the Actixase package), a syringe, a large-bore needle (eg, 18-gauge), and alcohol wipes. Also, prepare a polyvinyl chloride bag or glass vial along with an infusion set
Step 2:
Remove the protective cap from the top of the Activase vial and the vial of SWFI. Swab the top of each vial with an alcohol wipe to reduce the risk of contamination
Step 3:
Withdraw of SWFI, without preservatives. Diluent is included. DO NOT USE Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP
Step 4:
Inject the into the Activase vial using a large-bore needle and syringe, directing the stream into the lyophilized cake. DONOT USE IF VACUUM IS NOT PRESENT. The syringe should not be primed with air during preparation and should be inserted into the Activase vial stopper. Slight foaming upon reconstitution is normal. Let the solution stand undisturbed for several minutes to allow any large bubbles to dissipate
Step 5:
Mix with a gentle swirl or slow inversion. DO NOT SHAKE. Visually inspect the Activase solution for particulate matter and discoloration before administration
Activase is stable for up to 8 hours in these solutions at room temperature. Do not freeze solutions containing Activase. No other medications should be added to infusions containing Activase. Any unused infusion solution should be discarded.
Appendix 4
European Quality of Life-5D (EQ-5D) Questionnaire
By placing a checkmark in one box in each group below, please indicate which statements best describe your own health state today.
Mobility
I have no problems in walking about
I have some problems in walking about
lam confined to bed
Self-Care
have no problems with self-care
have some problems washing or dressing myself
lam unable to wash or dress myself
Usual Activities (e.g. work, study, housework, family or leisure activities)
I have no problems with performing my usual activities □
I have some problems with performing my usual activities □
l am unable to perform my usual activities
Pain/Discomfort
I have no pain or discomfort □
I have moderate pain or discomfort □
I have extreme pain or discomfort □
Anxiety/Depression
I am not anxious or depressed □
I am moderately anxious or depressed □
I am extremely anxious or depressed
Appendix 4 (cont.)
European Quality of Life-5D(EQ-5D)Questionnaire
To help people say how good or bad a health state is,we have drawn a scale(rather like a thermometer)on which the best state you can imagine is marked 100 and the worst state you can imagine is marked 0 .
We would like you to indicate on this scale how good or bad your own health is today,in your opinion. Please do this by drawing a line from the box below to whichever point on the scale indicates how good or bad your health state is today.
Best imaginable health state
100
三 王
三
王
860
......
T
一
三
++
王
土
600
....
+
王
王
560
......
-......
三
三
4 +0
I
王
E
3-0
二
-
土
三
2 +
王 圭00 王 王
Worst imaginable health state
Appendix 5
Stroke Index Scale (SIS-16)
In the past 2 weeks, how difficult was it to...
Not difficult at all
A little difficult
Somewhat difficult
Very difficult
Could not do at all
a. Dress the top part of your body?
5
4
3
2
1
b. Bathe yourself?
5
4
3
2
1
c. Get to the toilet on time?
5
4
3
2
1
d. Control your bladder (not have an accident)?
5
4
3
2
1
e. Control your bowels (not have an accident)?
5
4
3
2
1
f. Stand without losing balance?
5
4
3
2
1
g. Go shopping?
5
4
3
2
1
h. Do heavy household chores (e.g., vacuum, laundry or yard work)?
5
4
3
2
1
i. Stay sitting without losing your balance?
5
4
3
2
1
j. Walk without losing your balance?
5
4
3
2
1
k. Move from a bed to a chair?
5
4
3
2
1
I. Walk fast?
5
4
3
2
1
m. Climb one flight of stairs?
5
4
3
2
1
n. Walk one block?
5
4
3
2
1
o. Get in and out of a car?
5
4
3
2
1
p. Carry heavy objects (e.g. bag of groceries) with your affected hand?
5
4
3
2
1
Appendix 6
Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression (CES-D) Scale, NIMH
Below is a list of the ways you might have felt or behaved. Please tell me how often you have felt this way during the past week.
During the Past
Week
Rarely or none of the time (less than 1 day)
Some or a little of the time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days)
Most or all of the time (5-7 days)
1. I was bothered by things that usually don't bother me.
□
□
□
□
2. I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor.
□
□
□
□
3. I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends.
□
□
□
□
4. I felt I was just as good as other people.
□
□
□
□
5. I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.
□
□
□
□
6. I felt depressed.
□
□
□
□
7. I feit that everything I did was an effort.
□
□
□
□
8. I felt hopeful about the future.
□
□
□
9. I thought my life had been a failure.
□
□
□
□
10. I felt fearful.
□
□
□
□
11. My sleep was restless.
□
□
□
□
12. I was happy.
□
□
□
□
13. I talked less than usual.
□
□
□
□
14. I felt lonely.
□
□
□
□
15. People were unfriendly.
□
□
□
□
16. I enjoyed life.
□
□
□
□
17. I had crying spells.
□
□
□
□
18. I felt sad.
□
□
□
□
19. I felt that people dislike me.
□
□
20. I could not get "going."
□
□
□
SCORING: zero for answers in the first column, 1 for answers in the second column, 2 for answers in the third column, 3 for answers in the fourth column. The scoring of positive items is reversed. Possible range of scores is zero to 60 , with the higher scores indicating the presence of more symptomatology.
Appendix 7
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
Administer stroke scale items in the order listed. Record performance in each category after each subscale exam. Do not go back and change scores. Follow directions provided for each exam technique. Scores should reflect what the patent does, not what the clinician thinks the patient can do. The clinician should record answers while administering the exam and work quickly. Except where indicated, the patient should not be coached (i.e., repeated requests to patient to make a special effort).
1
Has the subject had a stroke (either as the index event at randomization or as an outcome event)? If no, form is complete.
◯ No ◯ Yes
2
(1a) Level of Consciousness
The investigator must choose a response, even ra ruil evaluation is prevented by such coutales as an endotracheal tube, language bamer, onotracheal traumabandages. A 3 is soored only if the patient makes no movement (other than refexve posturing) in response to noxous stimuation, Coma score
◯ 0=Alert; keenly responsive ◯ Not alert, but arousable by minor stimulation to obey, answer or respond ◯ Not alert, requires repeated stimulation to attend, or is obtunded and requires strong or paintul stimulation to make movements (not stereotyped) ◯ 3=Responds only with reflex motor or autonomic effects or totally unresponsive, flaccid, areflexic (Complete form using coma sconing)
3
(1b) LOC Questions
The pattent is asked the month and his/her age. The answer must be correct - There is no partial credit for being dose. Aphasic and stuporous patients who do not comprenend the questons will score 2. Paterits unable to speas. because of endotracheal intudation, orotrachea trauma, severe dysarthra from any cause, language barmer or any omer problem not secondary to aphasia are glven a i. Ris important that only the ntal answer be graded and frut the examiner not 'bep' the patent with vertal of non-vertal cues. Coma score .
◯ 0=Answers both questions correctly ◯ 1=Answers one question correctly ◯ 2-Answers nether question correctly
4
(1c) LOC Commands
The patent is asked to open and close the eyes and then to gro and release the non-paretic hand Substhile another one step command if the hands cannot be used. Credt is given if an unequlvocal attempt is made but not completed due to weakness. If the patent does not respond to commund, the task should be demonstrated to them (pantomime) and score the result (le. follows none, one of two commands). Patients with trauma, amputation, or other physical impedinents should be given sultable one-step commands. Ony the frat attempt is scored. Coma score "2".
◯ Performs both tasks correctly ◯ Performs one task correctly ◯ 2=Performs neither task correctly
5
(2) Best Gaze
Only hortzontax eye movements will be tested. Voluntary or reflexve (coulocephails) eye movements will pe scored but caloric testing is not othe If the patient has 3 confugate olviaton of the byes that can be covercome by voluntary or refextve actively, the score will be i, ir a pasent has an isolated peripheral nerve paresis (CN III, IV or VI) score a 1, Guxe is testable in all aphasic patents, Patents attry ocular trauma, bandages, pro-existing bindiness or other discrider of visual aculty or belds should be tested with reflexter movements and a choice made by the investigator. Estabolishing eye contact and then moving about the patert: from side to side willi occasionaly clarity the presence of a partial gaze palsy. Coma score as examined.
◯ Nomal ◯ Partial gaze palsy. This score is given when gaze is abnomal in one or both eyes, but where forced deviation or total gaze paresis are not present ◯ 2=Forced deviation, or total gaze paresis not overcome by the oculocephalic maneuver
Appendix 7 (cont.) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
8
(3) Visual
VIsual fields (upper and lower quadrants) are tested by confrontation, using finger counting or wsual threat as appropriate. Patient must be encouraged, out if they look at the side of the moving fingers appropitately, this can be scored as normal. If there Is unliateral bilndness or enucleaton, visual flelds in the remaining eye are scored. Score 1 only if a clear-cut asymmetry, Including quadrantanopla is found. If patent is bilnd from any cause score 3. Double simultaneous stimulation is performed at this point. If there is extinction patient recelves a 1 and the results are used to answer question 22 . Score as examined, using bilateral threat.
◯ 0=No visual loss ◯ 1 =Partial hemianopia ◯ 2=Complete hemianopia ◯ 3=Bilateral hemianopia (blind including cortical blindness)
7
Ask, or use pantomime to encourage the patient to show teeth or raise eyebrows and close eyes. Score symmetry of grimace in response to noxlous stimull in the poorly responslve or non-comprehending patent. If facial traumalbandages, orotracheal tude, tape or other physical barrier obscures the face, these should be removed to the extent possible. Coma Score " 3 ".
◯ 0=Normal symmetrical movement ◯ Minor paralysis (flattened nasolabial fold, asymmetry of smiling) ◯ 2=Partial paralysis (total or near total paralysis of lower face) ◯ 3=Complete paralysis of one or both sides (absence of facial movement in the upper and lower face)
8
(5a) Motor Arm Left
The limb is placed in the appropriate position: extend the arms (paims down) 90 degrees (ir sitting) or 45 degrees (ir supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested supine). Drift is scored if the arm falls before 10 seconds or the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic patient is encouraged using urgency in the volce and pantomime but not noxious stimulation. Each imb is tested in tum, beginning with the non-paretic arm. Only in cases of amputation or joint fusion at the shouder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided. Coma Score " 4 ".
◯ 0 =No drift, limb holds 90 (or 45) degrees for full 10 seconds ◯ Drift, limb holds 90 (or 45) degrees, but drifts down before full 10 seconds; does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity, limb cannot get to or maintain (if cued) 90 degrees ◯ 3=No effort against gravity, limb fails ◯ 4=No movement ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
9
Explain if amputation or joint fusion (Motor Arm Left):
10
(5b) Motor Amm Right
The limb is placed in the appropriate position: extend the arms (paims down) 90 degrees (if sitting) or 45 degrees (if supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested supine). Drift is scored if the arm tals before 10 seconds or the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic patient is encouraged using urgency in the volce and pantomime but not noxious stimulation. Each imb is tested in turn, beginning with the non-paretic arm. Only in cases of amputation or joint fusion at the shoulder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided. Coma score "4".
◯ 0 =No drift, limb holds 90 (or 45 ) degrees for full 10 seconds ◯ Drift, limb holds 90 (or 45) degrees, but drifts down before full 10 seconds; does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity, limb cannot get to or maintain (f cued) 90 degrees ◯ 3=No effort against gravity, limb falls ◯ 4=No movement ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
11
Explain if amputation or joint fusion (Motor Arm Right):
Appendix 7 (cont.)
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
12
(6a) Motor Leg Left
The imb is placed in the appropriate position: extend the arms (paims down) 90 degrees (if sttting) or 45 degrees (if supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested suplne). Dont Is scored if the arm fals before 10 seconds or the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic pattent is encouraged using urgency in the volce and pantomime but not noxious stimulation. Each imb is tested in turn, beginning with the non-paretic arm. Only in cases of amputaton or joint fusion at the shoulder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided. Coma score "4".
◯ 0=No drift, leg holds 30 degrees position for full 5 seconds ◯ Drift, leg falls by the end of the 5 second period but does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity, leg falls to bed by 5 seconds, but has some effort against gravity ◯ 3=No effort against gravity; leg falls to bed immediately ◯ 4=No movement ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
13
Explain if amputation/ joint fusion (Motor Leg Left):
14
(6b) Motor Leg Right
The imb is placed in the appropriate position: extend the arms (paims down) 90 degrees (if sitting) or 45 degrees (if supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested suplne). Drit? is scored if the arm fals before 10 seconds or the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic patient is encouraged using urgency in the volce and pantomime but not noxious stimulation. Each imb is tested in turn, beginning with the non-paretic arm. Only in cases of amputation or jolnt fusion at the shoulder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided. Coma score "4".
◯ No drift, leg holds 30 degrees position for full 5 seconds ◯ 1=Drift, leg falls by the end of the 5 second period but does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity; leg fails to bed by 5 seconds, but has some effort against gravity ◯ 3=No effort against gravity, leg falls to bed immediately ◯ 4=No movement ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
15
Explain if amputation/ joint fusion (Motor Leg Right):
16
(7) Limb Ataxia
This item is aimed at finding evidence of a unilateral cerebelar lesion. Test with eyes open. In case of visual defect, insure testing is done in intact visual fleld. The finger-nose-finger and heel-shin tests are performed on both sides, and ataxla is scored only if present put of proportion to weakness. Ataxla is absent in the patient who cannot understand or is paralyzed. Only in the case of amputation of joint fusion, the examiner should record the score as untestable (UN), and diearly write the explanation for this cholce. In case of bilndness, test by having the pattent touch nose from extended arm posttion. Coma score .
◯ Absent ◯ 1 = Present in one limb ◯ 2 = Present in two limbs ◯ UN = amputation or joint fusion
17
Explain if amputation or joint fusion (Limb Ataxia):
Appendix 7 (cont.) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
18
(8) Sensory
Sensaton or grimace to pin prick when tested, or withdrawal from noxlous stmous in the obtunded or aphasic patient. Only sensory loss attributed to stroke is scored as abnormal and the examiner should test as many body areas [arms (not hands), legs, trunk, face] as needed to accurately check for hemisensory loss. A score of 2, "severe or total," should only be given when a severe or total joss of sensation can be cleany demonstrated. Stuporous and aphasic patlents will therefore probably score 1 or 0 . The pattent with brain stem stroke who has bilateral loss of sensation is scored 2. If the patent does not respond and is quadriplegic score 2. Patients in coma (tem 13-3) are arbitrartly given a 2 on this tem. Coma Score "2".
◯ 0=Normal; no sensory loss ◯ Mild to moderate sensory loss; patient feels pinprick is less sharp or is dull on the affected side; or there is a loss of superficial pain with pinprick but patient is aware he/she is being touched ◯ 2=Severe to total sensory loss; patient is not aware of being touched in the face, arm & leg
19
(9) Best Language
A great deal of Information about comprehension with be obtained during the preceding sections of the examination. The patent is asked to describe what is happening in the allached ploture, to name the items on the attached naming sheet, and to read from the attached ist of sentences. Comprehension is judged from responses here as well as to al of the commands in the preceding general neurological exam. If visual loss interferes with the tests, ask the patient to identify objects placed in the hand, repeat, and produce speech. The intubated patent should be asked to write. The pattent in coma (question 13-3) will artoltrarly score 3 on this Item. The examiner must choose a score in the patient with stupor or limited cooperation but a score of 3 should be used only if the patient is mute and follows no one step commands. Coma Score " 3 ".
◯ 0=No aphasia, normal ◯ 1=Mild to moderate aphasia; some obvious loss of fluency or facility of comprehension without significant limitation on ideas expressed on form of expression ◯ 2=Severe aphasia; all communication is through fragmentary expression, great need for inference, questioning, and guessing by the listener; listener carries burden of communication ◯ 3=Mute, global aphasia; no usable speech or auditory comprehension
20
(10) Dysarthria
If patient is thought to be normal an adequate sample of speech must be obtained by asking patient to read or repeat words from the attached list. If the patient has severe aphasia, the clarity of arioulation of spontaneous speech can be rated. Only if the patient is intubated or has other physical barrier to producing speech, may the them be not scored, and the examiner must clearly write an explanation. Do not teil the patlent why helshe is being tested. Coma Score "2"
◯ 0=Normal ◯ Mild to moderate; patient slurs at least some words and at worst. can be understood with some difficulty ◯ 2=Severe; patient's speech is so slurred as to be unintelligible in the absence of or out of proportion to any dysphasia, or is mutel anarthric ◯ Intubated or other physical barrier.
21
Explain if intubated or other physical barrier (Dysarthria):
22
(11) Extinction and Inattention (Neglect)
Sumbient information to Identity negiect may be obtained during the proor testing. If the patient has a severe visual loss preventing visual double simultaneous stimulation, and the culaneous stimulil are normal, the score is normal. If the patient has aphasla dur does appear to attend to both sldes, the score is normal. The presence of visual spattal neglect or anosagnosla may also be taken as evidence of abnormailty. Since the abnormality is scored only if present, the item is never untestable. Coma Score " 2 ".
◯ No abnormality ◯ Visual, tactile, auditory, spatial, or personal inattention or extinction to bilateral simultaneous stimulation in one of the sensory modalities ◯ 2=Profound hemi-inattention or hemi-inattention to more than one modality; does not recognize own hand or orients to only one side of space
23
Did NIHSS increase by points AND NIHSS score is now >5?
If YES, consider treating patient with IV rtPA as standard of care and unblinding of treatment assignment if appropriate. Note that patient will continue to be followed in the PRISMS trial regardless of decision. 5
◯ No ◯ Yes
24
Name of assessor:
The assessor must be a study team member who has completed NHSS certification.
Appendix 8
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS)
1
Modified Rankin Scale:
◯ (D) No symptoms at all ◯ (1) No significant disability despite symptoms; able to carry out all usual duties and activities ◯ (2) Slight disability, unable to carry out all previous activities but able to look after own affairs without assistance ◯ (3) Moderate disability requiring some help, but able to walk without assistance ◯ (4) Moderately severe disability, unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance ◯ (5) Severe disability, bedridden, incontinent, and requiring constant nursing care and attention
2
For response 2 above, specify the previous activities that can no longer be carried out:
3
Name of assessor:
The assessor must be a study team member who has completed mRS certification.
Appendix 9 Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)
Note: The scale presented here is based on the original article by Jennett and Bond. It has become common practice in elinical trial administration, however, to use a modified version that places the scores in reverse order (i.e., "good recovery" = 1, "moderate disability" =2, etc.).
Score
Description
1
DEATH
2
PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE Patient exhibits no obvious cortical function.
3
SEVERE DISABILITY
(Conscious but disabled). Patient depends upon others for daily support due to mental or physical disability or both.
4
MODERATE DISABILITY
(Disabled but independent). Patient is independent as far as daily life is concerned. The disabilities found include varying degrees of dysphasia, hemiparesis, or ataxia, as well as intellectual and memory deficits and personality changes.
5
GOOD RECOVERY
Resumption of normal activities even though there may be minor neurological or psychological deficits.
TOTAL (1-5):
References
Jennett B, Bond M. "Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage."
Lancet 1975 Mar 1;1(7905):480-4
FEEDING unable
5 = needs help cutting, spreading butter, etc., or requires modified diet
10 = independent
BATHING dependent independent (or in shower)
GROOMING needs to help with personal care independent face/hair/teeth/shaving (implements provided)
DRESSING
0 = dependent
5 = needs help but can do about half unaided
10 = independent (including buttons, zips, laces, etc.)
BOWELS incontinent (or needs to be given enemas) occasional accident continent
BLADDER
0= incontinent, or catheterized and unable to manage alone occasional accident continent
TOILET USE
0 = dependent
5 = needs some help, but can do something alone
10 = independent (on and off, dressing, wiping)
TRANSFERS (BED TO CHAIR AND BACK) unable, no sitting balance
5 = major help (one or two people, physical), can sit minor help (verbal or physical) independent
MOBILITY (ON LEVEL SURFACES)
0 = immobile or < 50 yards wheelchair independent, including comers, yards
10 = walks with help of one person (verbal or physical) > 50 yards
15 = independent (but may use any aid; for example, stick) yards
STAIRS unable
5 = needs help (verbal, physical, carrying aid)
10 = independent
TOTAL (0-100):
Appendix 10 (cont.) Barthel Index (BI)
The Barthel ADL Index: Guidelines
The index should be used as a record of what a patient does, not as a record of what a patient could do.
The main aim is to establish degree of independence from any help, physical or verbal, however minor and for whatever reason.
The need for supervision renders the patient not independent.
A patient's performance should be established using the best available evidence. Asking the patient, fiiends/relatives and nurses are the usual sources, but direct observation and common sense are also important. However direct testing is not needed.
Usually the patient's performance over the preceding hours is important, but occasionally longer periods will be relevant.
Middle categories imply that the patient supplies over 50 per cent of the effort.
Use of aids to be independent is allowed.
Appendix 11
Cognitive Assessments
A. Animal Naming Test
DIRECTIONS
State, "I would like to name as many animals as you can think of in one minute. I will tell you when to start and stop. Do you understand the directions?"
Tell the patient to start naming animals. Write down the animal names below in the order stated. Any kind of animal is acceptable. Write down repeated animals, but do not score those. After one minute, tell the patient to stop.
Scoring: Count each unique animal listed.
List of Animals:
Score:
Appendix 11 (cont.)
Cognitive Assessments
B. Controlled Oral Word Association Test
Instructions:
You say:
"I will say a letter of the alphabet. Then I will want you to give me as many words that begin with that letter as quickly as you can. For example, if I say the letter "B", you might say "bad", "bottle", "bed". I do not want you to use words that are proper names such as "Boston" or "Bob". Also, do not use the same word again with a different ending such as "eat" and "eating". You will have one minute. Any questions? Begin when I say the letter. Tell me all the words that you can that start with the letter "C"
Time: 1 minute
IF THE ANSWER IS VALID MARK THE BOX LIKE THIS
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive Assessments
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive Assessments
C. Digit Symbol Coding DIGIT SYMBOL SUBSTITUTION (DSS) TASK
SAMPLES
1
5
4
2
7
6
3
5
7
2
8
5
4
6
3
7
2
8
1
9
5
8
4
7
3
6
2
5
1
9
2
8
3
7
4
6
5
9
4
8
3
7
2
6
1
5
4
6
3
7
9
2
8
1
7
9
4
6
8
5
9
7
1
8
5
2
9
4
8
6
3
7
9
8
6
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive Assessments
D. Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (Brandt 1991)
Directions: Say, Listen carefully as I read the word list and try to memorize the words." Then read the word list aloud (one word every 2 seconds). Write down the words the patient freely recalls. Repeat word list and recall twice more. Score is the number of correct words for each trial, and the total of all three trials. (Second part of this test at end of FMSE, page 9).
Part 1: Free Recall (Form 1: four-legged animals, precious stones, human dwellings)
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
LION
EMERALD
HORSE
TENT
SAPPHIRE
HOTEL
CAVE
OPAL
TIGER
PEARL
COW
HUT
#CORRECT SCORE for Trial SCORE for Trial SCORE for Trial
TOTAL SCORE
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive Assessments
E. Boston Naming Test (BNT)
(Kaplan, Goodglass & Weintraub, 1983 or 2001)
METHOD USED □ Short Form Even pages □ Odd pages □ All pages
TOTAL SCORE (out of 60)
Words Correct □ +Words Incorrect □ □
Total words tried □ . □
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive Assessments
F. Forward and Backward Digit Span Test
DIGIT SPAN (FORWARD)*
Ask patient, "Repeat each group of numbers in the same order that I say them." Read numbers at rate of one each second. If patient passes the first trial. advance to the first trial of the next item. If patient fails the first trial, administer the second trial of that item. Stop when patient fails both trials of any item Score is hest performance's maximum number of digits correct.
DIGIT FORWARD
WRITE RESPONSE
CORRECT
8-4-7
□ Yes □ No
3-7-5
□ Yes No
9-3-4-1
- Yes - No
8-3-9-6
- Yes - No
5-1-6-2-9
- Yes - No
3-6-9-2-5
- Yes - No
6-4-3-5-2-7
- Yes - No
9-1-8-4-2-7
Yes □ No
3-1-6-9-2-8-5
□ Yes - No
2-8-1-4-9-7-5
- Yes - No
DIGIT FORWARD SCORE (3-7) □
DIGIT SPAN (BACKWARD)*
Say to patient. "Now I am going to say some more numbers, but this time when I stop, I want you to say them backwards. For example, if I said 7-1-9, what would you say" Read numbers at rate of one each second. If patient passes the first trial, advance to the first trial of the next item. If patient fails the first trial, administer the second trial of that item. Stop when patient fails both trials of any item. Score is best performanee's maximum number of digits correct.
DIGIT FORWARD
WRITE RESPONSE
CORRECT
5-8
□
[]
3.1
□
6-2-9
□
4-9-3
4-9-6-8
3-8-1-4
□
□
1-5-2-8-6
6-2-9-7-2
□
□
□ Yes
□ No
5-3-9-4-1-8
7-1-5-2-8-6
□ Yes
□ No
DIGIT BACK'WARD SCORE (2-6)
*Wechsler, D. (1987). Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Manual. San Antsnio, TX: Bychological Corporation
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive Assessments
G. Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test
Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Score Sheet
(Adapted from Osterrieth, 1944)
Copy Trial
-
2. Cross upper left comer, outside of rectangle
2. Large rectangle
3. Diagonal cross
4. Horizontal midline of (2)
5. Vertical midline 6. Small rectangle, within (2) to the left 7 Small segment above (6) 8. Four parallel lines within (2) upper left 9 . Triangle above (2), upper right 10. Small verticle line within (2), below (9) 11. Circle with three dots, within (2) 12 Five parallel lines within (2) and crossing (3), lower right 13. Sides of triangle attached to (2) on right
14
14 Diamond attached to (13)
15 Verticle line within triangle (13), parallel to the right side of (2)
Horizontal line within (13), conlinuing (4) to the right
Cross attached to lower center
18 Square attached to (2), lower left munte Recall Trial TOTAL SCORE %ile) TIME
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
8
9
10
gile) TOTAL SCCRE
TIME
SCORING: Consider each of the 18 units separately. Appraise accuracy of each unit and relative position within the whole of the design For each unit count as follows:
Percentile Norms for Accuracy Scores Obtained by Adults on Memory Trials of the Complex Figure Test
Percentile
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Score
15
17
19
21
22
24
26
27
29
31
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive Assessments
Please draw the figure below on the blank half-sheet that was given to you:
Appendix 12
10 Meter Walk Test
Description: The 10 meter walk test is a measure of walking speed.
Equipment: Utilize a quiet hallway or open space at least 14 meters long, digital stopwatch, clipboard, tape measure, and tape to mark standardized course layout, and 2 chairs.
Bracing and Assistive Device: The subject should be wearing comfortable flat shoes or shoes with a heel less than inch. Have the subject perform this test with their most often used assistive device and orthotics. Note the specific type of assistive device and orthotics utilized on the source document.
Physical Assistance Provided During Testing:
Physical assistance may be provided as needed to maintain safety and stability. If additional assistance is needed, a non-blinded member of the investigation team can provide the additional assistance. No assistance can be provided for paretic limb advancement. A gait belt may be used during the test. The amount of assistance provided will be recorded with assignment of a Functional Ambulation Category (FAC). See FAC for description of procedure.
Test Administration:
Course Layout: The walking Course is established indoors on a level, non-carpeted surface measuring a length of 14 meters. The course is marked with tape at 0 meters, 2 meters, 12 meters, and 14 meters. 2 chairs can be placed near the 0 meter and 14 meter mark.
Instruct the subject in the goal of the 10 meter walk test while the subject is seated:
"You are going to walk a distance of about feet. We will repeat this distance four times. The first two times will be completed at your comfortable pace, the final two times you will walk as quickly and safely as you can. Do you have any questions?"
Demonstrate where you want the subject to walk.
Walk the subject to the start line (0 meters). Provide the subject with the following instructions:
"You will walk at a comfortable pace to the chair." (DO NOT refer to the tape on the floor.) The start command is "Ready and Go".
When you and the subject are ready, say "Ready and Go". If the subject starts too early, start again.
Appendix 12 (cont.) 10 Meter Walk Test
Instructions for Recording Time:
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 14 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance
"Comfortable" Pace Trial 1 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 14 meter line.
When the subject is ready, have them repeat the SAME PROCEDURE except they will start from the 14 meter line and end at 0 meter line.
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 0 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance on the "Comfortable" Pace Trial 2 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 0 meter line.
Subject Instructions for the last 2 trials:
"You are going to walk the same distances for two additional trials as quickly and as safely as you can. Do you have any questions?"
When the subject is ready, walk the subject to the start line ( 0 meters). Provide the subject with the following instructions:
"You will walk as quickly and as safely as you can to the chair." (Use an appropriate descriptor for chair/location, but DO NOT refer to the tape on the floor.) The start command is "Ready and Go".
When you and the subject are ready, say "Ready and Go". If the subject starts too early, have them start again.
Appendix 12 (cont.) 10 Meter Walk Test
Instructions for Recording Time:
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 14 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance on the "As Fast As Possible" Pace Trial 1 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 14 meter line.
When the subject is ready, have them repeat the SAME PROCEDURE except they will start from the 14 meter line and end at 0 meter line.
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 0 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance on the "As Fast As Possible" Pace Trial 2 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 0 meter line.
Record the assistive device used and the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
REFERENCES:
Duncan PW, Sullivan KJ, Behrman AL, et al. Protocol for the Locomotor Experience Applied Post-stroke (LEAPS) trial: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurology 2007;7(1):39.
Perry J, Garrett M, Gronley JK, et al. Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population. Stroke 1995, 26(6):982-89.
Richards CL, Malouin F, Wood-Dauphinee S, et al. Gait velocity as an outcome measure of locomotor recovery after stroke. In: Craik RA, Oatis C, eds. Gait Analysis: Theory and Applications. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1995:355-64.
Appendix 13
Preferred Terms for Intracranial Hemorrhage
An Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) is considered symptomatic if it is not seen on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at baseline and any neurologic decline is attributed to it by the local investigator. Below is the list of preferred terms (PT's) using the MedDRA term to describe the ICH event:
Basal ganglia hemorrhage
Brain stem hematoma
Brain stem hemorrhage
Brain stem microhemorrhage
Central nervous system hemorrhage
Cerebellar hematoma
Cerebellar hemorrhage
Cerebellar microhemorrhage
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemorrhagic
Cerebral hematoma
Cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral microhemorrhage
Extradural hematoma
Hemorrhage intracranial
Hemorrhagic cerebral infarction
Hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic transformation stroke
Intracranial hematoma
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Meningorrhagia
Pituitary hemorrhage
Purpura cerebri
Putamen hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subdural hematoma
Subdural hemorrhage
Thalamus hemorrhage
Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage
Appendix 14
WHO Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
HEMATOLOGY
ITEM
Grade 1 Toxicity
Grade 2 Toxicity
Grade 3 Toxicity
Grade 4 Toxicity
Hemoglobin
Absolute Neutrophil Count
Platelets
Prothrombin Time (PT)
ULN
ULN
1.51-3.0× ULN
ULN
Activated Partial Thromboplastin (APPT)
1.01-1.66x ULN
ULN
2.34-3 × ULN
ULN
Fibrinogen
0.75-0.99XLLN
0.50-0.74× LL.N
0.25-0.49 x LLN
LLN
Fibrim Split Product
Methemoglobin
5-9.9%
10.0-14.9%
15.0-19.9%
LIVER ENZYMES
AST (SGOT)
UL.N
2.6 - 5 × ULN
5.1-10x ULN
ULN
ALT (SGPT)
ULN
2.6-5 × ULN
ULN
ULN
GGT
ULN
1.6-5 x ULN
ULN
Alkaline Phosphatase
125-2.5x ULN
16-5x ULN
ULN
ULN
Amylase
ULN
ULN
2.1-5.0x ULN
CHEMISTRIES
Hyponatremia
<116 or mental status changes or seizures
Hypernatremia
.
or mental status changes or seizures
Hypokalemia
or intensive replacement Rx required or hospitalization required.
or paresis or ileus or life-threatening arrhythmua
Hyperkalemia
or lifc-threatening arrhythmia
Hypoglycemia
or mental status changes or coma
Appendix 14 (cont.)
WHO Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
CHEMISTRIES (continued)
Hyperglycemis (note if fasting)
or ketoacidosis or seizures
Hypocalcemia (corrected for albumin)
.
or life threatening arrhythmia or tetany
Hypercalcemia (correct for albumin)
life-threatening arrhythmia
Hypomagnesemia
or lifethreatening arrhythmia
Hypophosphatemia
or replacement Rx required
intensive Rx or hospitalization required
or lifethreatening arrhythmia
Hyperbilirubinemia
1.1-1.5xULN
1.6-2.5 x ULN
ULN
>5xULN
BUN
ULN
ULN
5.1-10x ULN
xULN
Creatinine
1.6-3.0xULN
3.1-6 x ULN
>6xULNor required dialysis
URINALYSIS
Proteinuria
1+ or or or loss/day
2-3 + or 0.3-1.0% or 1.2 gm loss/day
or or g/L. loss/day
nephrotic syndrome or loss/day
Hematuria
microscopic only
gross, no clots
gross* clots
obstructive or required transsusion
CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION
Cardiac Rhythm
asymptomatic, transient signs, no Rx required
recurrent/persistent; No Rx required
requires treatment
Hypertension
transient inc. ; no Rx
recurrent, chronic, > 20 mm . Rx required
requires acute Rx; No hospitalization
requires hospitalization
Hypotension
transient orthostatic hypotension, No Rx
symptoms correctable with oral fluids Rx
requires IV fluids, no hospitalization required
requires hospitalization
Pericarditis
minimal effusion
mild/moderate asymptomatic effusion, no Rx
symptomatic effusion: pain; EKG changes
tamponade; pericardiocentesis or surgery required
Hemorrhage, Blood Loss
microscopic/occult
mild, no transfusion
gross blood loss, 1-2 units transfused
massive blood loss; > 3 units transfused
Appendix 14 (cont.)
WHO Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
RESPIRATORY
Cough
transient- no Rx
treatment associated cough local Rx
uncontrolled
Bronchospasm, Acute
transient, no Rx (or peas flow)
requires Rx normalizes with bronchodilator: (or peak Flow)
no normalization with bronchodilator; (or peak tlow retractions)
cyanosis <25% (or peak flow) or intubated
GASTROINTESTINAL
Stomatitis
mild discomfort, no limits on activity
some limits on eating/drinking
eating/talking very limited
requires IV fluids
Nausea
mild discomfort, maintains reasonable intake
moderate disconfort; intake decreased significantly; some activity limited
severe discomfort, no significant intake: activities limited
minimal fluid intake
Vomiting
transient emesis
occasional/moderate vomiting
orthostatic hypotension or IV fluids required
hypotensive shock or hospitalization required for IV fluid therapy
Constipation
mild
moderate
severe
distensions w/vomiting
Diarrhea
transient 3-4 loose stools/day
5-7 loose stools/day
orthostatic hypotension or >7 loose stools/day or required IV fluids
hypotensive shock or hospitalization for IV fluid therapy required
mild difficulty concentrating; no Rx; mild confusion/agitation: ADL unaffected
moderate confusion/agitation some limitation of ADL, minimal Rx
severe confusion/agitation needs assistance for ADL; therapy required
toxic psychosis; hospitalization
Muscle Strength
subjective weakness no objective symptoms/ signs
mild objective signs/symptoms no decrease in function
objective weakness function limited
paralysis
Appendix 14 (cont.)
WHO Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
OTHER PARAMETERS
Fever oral, > 12 hours
37.7-38.5 C or
38.6-39.5 C or
39.6-40.5 C or 103-105 F
- 40 C or
Headache
mild, no Rx therapy
transient, moderate; Rx required
severe, responds to initial narcotic therapy
intractable, required repeated narcotic therapy
Fatigue
no decrease in ADL
normal activity decreased 25-50%
normal activity decreased work
unable to care for self
Allergic Reaction
pruritus without rash
localized urticaria
generalized urticaria: angioedema
anaphylaxis
Local Reaction
tenderness or erythema
induration or phlebitis or inflammation
induration > 10 cm or ulceration
necrosis
Mucocutaneous
erythems, pruritus
diffuse, maculo papular rash, dry. desquamation
vesiculation, moist desquamation or ulceration
exfoliative dermatitis, mucous membrane involvement or erythema, multiforme or suspected StevensJohnson or necrosis requiring surgery
PROTOCOL
TITLE:
A PHASE IIIb, DOUBLE-BLIND, MULTICENTER STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ALTEPLASE IN PATIENTS WITH MILD STROKE: RAPIDLY IMPROVING SYMPTOMS AND MINOR NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS (PRISMS)
PROTOCOL NUMBER:
ML29093
VERSION NUMBER:
2
EUDRACT NUMBER:
Not applicable
IND NUMBER:
3811
TEST PRODUCT:
Alteplase (RO5532960)
LEAD PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:
□ , M.D.
MEDICAL MONITOR:
M.D.
SPONSOR:
Genentech, Inc.
DATE FINAL:
Version 1: 27 November 2013
DATE AMENDED:
Version 2: See electronic date stamp below
PROTOCOL APPROVAL
Approver's Name
Title
Date and Time (UTC)
22-Aug-2014 22:07:43
CONFIDENTIAL STATEMENT
The information contained in this document, especially any unpublished data, is the property of Genentech, Inc. (or under its control) and therefore is provided to you in confidence as an investigator, potential investigator, or consultant, for review by you, your staff, and an applicable Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board. It is understood that this information will not be disclosed to others without written authorization from Genentech except to the extent necessary to obtain informed consent from persons to whom the drug may be administered.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT, VERSION 2: RATIONALE
Protocol ML29093 has been amended to provide updates to the secondary and exploratory objectives. This included removing the following endpoints from the secondary objectives: neurological outcome (as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] 0-1), Barthel Index (BI) , and Glasgow Outcome Scale GOS . The following assessments were added to the exploratory objectives: the NIHSS at Day 90, BI at Day 90, and the GOS at Day 90. The cognitive and behavioral assessments also included in the exploratory outcome measures were specified in more detail. Additionally, the Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure test was removed and the Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test, form V, was added.
Additional changes to the protocol are as follows:
Information was added to clarify that IV alteplase and alteplase placebo may not be initiated beyond 3 hours of last known well time under any circumstances.
Instructions were added to allow sites to administer oral aspirin/aspirin placebo up to 24 hours after last known well time (instead of within 3 hours of last known well time) if a site has institutional policies on oral medications that make it challenging to administer oral study drug within 3 hours of last known well time.
Changes were made to ensure that the language "not clearly disabling" is consistent throughout the protocol.
A change was made to the adverse event (AE)/serious adverse event (SAE) collection time from screening/baseline to study drug administration.
The non-serious AE collection period was reduced to 30 days (with the exception of intracranial hemorrhage, adverse events of special interest (AESIs), and AEs leading to study withdrawal) to better align with other acute stroke studies involving alteplase and to reduce the burden of AE collection at the Day 90 visit in order to minimize missing data.
The following exclusion criteria were updated to include:
Treatment with unfractionated heparin within the last 48 hours and activated partial thromboplastin time outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (including novel oral anticoagulants (e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin (e.g., dalteparin, enoxaparin) within the last 48 hours
Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings consisting of one of the following:
Clear large hypodensity on CT (or concurrent diffusion-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity on MRI) that is greater than one-third middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory
Additional minor changes have been made to improve clarity and consistency. Substantive new information appears in italics. This amendment represents cumulative changes to the original protocol.
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT, VERSION 2: SUMMARY OF CHANGES
GLOBAL CHANGES
Changes were made to ensure that the language "not clearly disabling" is consistent throughout the protocol. Interactive Voice/Web Response System (IxRS) was changed to Interactive Web Response System (IWRS) throughout the protocol. All references to the Alteplase Investigator's Brochure were changed to the Alteplase U.S. Package Insert. Additionally, all mentions of study sites in the U.S. and Canada were revised to "North America."
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS
The protocol synopsis has been updated to reflect the changes to the protocol, where applicable.
SECTION 1.1: BACKGROUND ON ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
For example, the proportion of mild stroke patients (NIHSS ) treated with reperfusion therapies...
TABLE 1: Comparison of PRISMS and NINDS Studies
Table 1, footnote a, has been revised to read: LHH is the likelihood of being helped versus harmed and is formulaically the ratio between the NNT and the NNH. ...
SECTION 2.2: SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
To further evaluate efficacy of IV alteplase to improve mild stroke outcomes at Day 90 via:
Ordinal improvement in-mRS
Neurological outcome (as measured by NIHSS 01 )
Independence in instrumental activities of daily (Barthel Index )
Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 0-1
Global favorable recovery (Global Statistic with contributionsOutcome Measure derived from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, Barthel Index , and Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] = 1)
To evaluate safety as measured by:
Stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days
SECTION 2.3: EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES
The exploratory objectives for this study include subgroup analyses of the primary efficacy outcome variable in subgroupsas defined by age ( ), pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. 3-5), last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours), and stroke subgroups (RISS vs. non-RISS), respectively.
The following endpoints will also be explored:
NIHSS
BI
GOS
Cognition fand behavior (modified 30-minute assessment: animal naming,battery: Controlled Oral Word Association test-; Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R] trials 1, 2, and 3; digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, 15 item Boston Naming Test, III [WAIS III]; Forward and Backward Digit Span test, and Rey Osterreith Complex Figure; Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test), form V; HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition; semantic fluency [Animal Naming test]; Boston Naming Test [BNT; 15-item short form]) at Day 90
Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D)score) at Day 90
SECTION 3.1: DESCRIPTION OF STUDY
PRISMS is a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, Phase IIIb study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IV alteplase in AIS patients with mild stroke and with deficitsstrokes that do not appear to be clearly disabling. The trial will consist of a screening assessment, randomization, and treatment followed by a Day 5 visit, 30-day phone call, and a 90-day follow-up visit.
Patients meeting eligibility criteria will be randomized in a ratio to receive either- 1 ) ene dose of alteplase IV (not to exceed 90 mg ) and one dose of oral aspirin placebo within 3 hours of last known well time or 2 ) one dose of IV alteplase placebo and one dose of oral aspirin 325 mg within 3 hours of last known well time (Figure 1)::
One dose of alteplase IV (not to exceed 90 mg ) and one dose of oral aspirin placebo, OR
One dose of IV alteplase placebo and one dose of oral aspirin 325 mg (Figure 1).
Every effort should be made to ensure both study drugs are initiated within 3 hours of last known well time. If institutional policies on oral medications make it challenging to administer the oral aspirin/aspirin placebo within 3 hours of last known well time, the oral study drug may be given up to 24 hours after the last known well time. IV alteplase/IV alteplase placebo MAY NOT be initiated beyond 3 hours of last known well time under any circumstances.
SECTION 3.3.1: Number of Patients
Approximately 948 patients with AIS and mild strokes will be enrolled in the study across 75 sites in the U.S. and CanadaNorth America.
SECTION 3.4: RATIONALE FOR STUDY DESIGN
This study is designed to assess whether alteplase administered within 3 hours of last known well time is superior to standard of care (i.e., aspirin) in patients with mild stroke within 3 hours of last known well time..
The study design of PRISMS has the following characteristics:
Conduct of a large, multicenter study: The Sponsor plans to enroll 948 patients across approximately 75 sites in the U.S. and CanadaNorth America. (For comparison, the two NINDS trials enrolled a total of 624 patients.)
Multiple endpoints involving different events: In addition to the primary efficacy endpoint of mRS at Day 90, which measures disability, secondary endpoints at Day 90 will include the NIHSS score (neurologic deficit), BI (instrumental activities of daily living), GOS (disability), and a Global Statistic calculationan ordinal mRS assessment and global favorable recovery, as calculated using the Global Outcome Measure derived from the mRS, NIHSS, BI, and GOS.
SECTION 3.4.1: Rationale for Alteplase Dosage
The dose selected for alteplase ( , maximum 90 mg ) is the approved dose for eligible patients with AIS in the U.S. and CanadaNorth America and is considered the standard of care by the stroke community (Jauch et al. 2013).
SECTION 3.4.2: Rationale for Patient Population
The patients for this trial will be recruited from all AIS patients presenting to Emergency Departments in whom treatment can be initiated within 3 hours of last known well time at approximately 75 clinical sites within the U.S. and CanadaNorth America. ...
To date, available data suggest that alteplase therapy would potentially be beneficial in both patients with RISS who improve to an NIHSS score and patients with persistently mild symptomsdeficits with an NIHSS score .
PRISMS will also exclude patients who are assessed at the time of pre-treatment to likely-be clearly disabled-at 90 days, as defined by specific criteria described in the study protocol. These clearly disabling deficits at presentation may include, but are not limited to, homonymous hemianopsia, severe limb weakness, severe aphasia, hemineglect, or cortical blindness. Patients with clearly disabling deficits will be excluded from this study irrespective of the NIHSS score at time of randomization, as current clinical practice and ethical responsibility suggest that these patients should be evaluated to receive alteplase rather than be enrolled in a randomized study where they may receive alteplase placebo.
SECTION 3.5.1: Efficacy Outcome Measures
The secondary efficacy outcomes are measured at Day 90 and listed below:
Ordinal improvementin-mRS
Neurological outcome (as measured by NIHSS 0-1)
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2
Instrumental activities of daily living, as measured by the
Global outcomefavorable recovery (Global Statistic with contributionsOutcome Measure derived from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, BI , and GOS- )
SECTION 3.5.2: Safety Outcome Measures
Incidence of sICH within 36 hours (primary safety assessment)
sICH is defined as any neurological decline attributed to new ICH seen on imaging by the investigator-and. New ICH seen on imaging will be later confirmed on independent reading by blinded central study radiologists.
Stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days
Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
To detect asymptomatic-intracranial hemorrhage, CTneuroimaging (CT or MRI) scan is required at 22 to 36 hours. Additional GT scansneuroimaging should be performed at any time based on the investigator's discretion that clinical findings suggested hemorrhage. An MRI may be substituted for CT per institutional protocol.
Intracranial hemorrhage events will be classified as-include classifications of intracerebral hemorrhage (hemorrhagic infarct type 1 or type 2, parenchymal hematoma type 1 or type 2, or remote intraparenchymal hemorrhage type 1 or type 2). Descriptions of each type of intracerebral hemorrhage are shown in the table below. Additionally, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, or epidural hemorrhageDescriptions of each are shown in the table below. should be noted.
Instrumental activities of daily living, as measured by the BI at Day 90
GOS at Day 90
Cognition fand behavior (modified 30-minute assessment: animal naming,battery: Controlled Oral Word Association test,; Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R] trials 1, 2, and 3; digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, 15 item Boston Naming Test, III [WAIS III]; Forward and Backward Digit Span test, and Rey Osterreith Complex Figure; Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test), form V; HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition; semantic fluency [Animal Naming test]; Boston Naming Test [BNT 15-item short form]) at Day 90
SECTION 4.1.2: Exclusion Criteria
CT or MRI findings consisting of one of the following:
CT with clear large hypodensity on CT (or-that is greater than one-third middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory),
MRI with clear large hyperintensity on concurrent diffusion-weighted (DW) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR] hyperintensity on MRI) that is greater than one-third MCA territory (or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory),
Disability (historical mRS score )-prior to the presenting stroke (historical score )
Standard contraindications to IV alteplase for patients treated within 3 hours of symptom onset, including:
Treatment with unfractionated heparin within the last 48 hours and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (including novel oral anticoagulants [e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban]) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin (e.g., dalteparin, enoxaparin) within the last 48 hours
SECTION 4.2: METHOD OF TREATMENT ASSIGNMENT AND BLINDING
Pre-mixing may occur prior to signing informed consent but should be performed after key eligibility criteria (e.g., NIHSS and not clearly non-disabling, study drug initiation will occur within 3 hours of time last known well, CT/MRI negative for ICH) to minimize drug wastage.
2. IWRS will assign a new pair of drug kit IDs for the next patient that becomes eligible at that site to be labeled as "Use Next."
In the case when pre-mixed drug is not used (e.g., patient is determined to be ineligible for study or declines informed consent prior to drug administration), sites will enter drug kit IDs into IWRS and indicate that the kits were not used. ... The pharmacist will properly dispose of the pre-mixed drug and the matching aspirin/aspirin-placebo kit in accordance with institutional guidelines.
Study Unblinding
If premature unblinding is necessary in the case of an SAE for which patient management might be affected by knowledge of treatment assignment, the investigator will be able to break the treatment code by contacting the IxRS vendor.
Specifically, in the rare event that a patient worsens (e.g., to a moderate or severe stroke) from time of study treatment and the patient remains within a time window within institutional guidelines to initiate thrombolytic therapy, the investigator has the option to
unblind the treatment to ensure the patient receives appropriate treatment. However, the following criteria must be met prior to unblinding:
Patient must have an NIHSS score (or new clearly disabling deficit) measured twice within a 10 minute span.
Patient's NIHSS increase must be points from the pre treatment NIHSS (e.g., if a patient's pre treatment NIHSS was 5 , the worsened NIHSS must be ).
If a clinical situation arises in which the investigator thinks it is necessary to unblind in the interest of patient safety, the Medical Monitor must be notified immediately to discuss the intended unblinding. Unblinding should occur only in settings where identification of the study treatment is critical for treatment decisions. IWRS will be used for the unblinding process. All unblinded patients will remain in the study and require all follow-up visits.
If the investigator wishes to know the identity of the study drug for any other reason, he or she shouldmust contact the Medical Monitor-directly. ... The investigator should document and provide an explanation for any premature unblinding (e.g., unblinding due to sICH, unblinding due to or severe systemic bleeding that requires blood products if IV alteplase was administered, or unblinding due to clinical worsening). Following any unblinding event, during the site investigator should contact the Medical Monitor within 24 hours.IV alteplase time window that would lead to IV alteplase administration if not already given).
SECTION 4.3.2.1: Alteplase
After reconstitution, alteplase mayshould be administered at . Do not an alternative, the reconstituted solution may be diluted further dilute (e.g., 4immediately before administration in an equal volume of sodium chloride injection, USP, or dextrose injection, USP, to yield a concentration of ) the solution.
Each 50 mg vial of Activase contains 50 mg of alteplase, 1.7 g of L arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80 , and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
To maintain standard medical care, patients randomized to the IV alteplase placebo arm will receive 325 mg of oral aspirin at the same time that they receive IV alteplase placebo.
SECTION 4.3.5: Post-Trial Access to Alteplase
The Sponsor does not intend to provide alteplase, any investigational or non-investigational products (specified in this protocol), or any other study interventions to patients after the conclusion of the study or to patients who are withdrawn earlier.
SECTION 4.4.2: Prohibited Therapy
As indicated in the exclusion criteria, use of the following therapies is prohibited prior to the study:
Treatment with unfractionated heparin within the last 48 hours and aPTT outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (including novel oral anticoagulants [e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban]) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin (e.g., dalteparin, enoxaparin) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with warfarin and INR (Note: INR does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
SECTION 4.5.1.1: Informed Consent Forms and Screening Log
The investigator will maintain a screening log of all patients arriving in the Emergency Department within 2.5 hours of onset of ischemic stroke- who have an initial NIHSS score of .
SECTION 4.5.1.4: Vital Signs
Vital signs will include measurements of-oral temperature, respiratory rate,-pulse, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (while patient is in a supine position).
SECTION 4.5.1.5: Laboratory Assessments
Specimens for the following laboratory tests will be sent to the study site's local laboratory for analysis:
PlateletComplete blood count without differential
Coagulation (INR, aPTT) if a patient is currently taking oral or parenteral anticoagulants-
Pregnancy test (serum or urine) for women of childbearing potential (including those who have had a tubal ligation) must have a serum pregnancy test at screening.
The following laboratory test values will be reported in the eCRFs:
Hematology (hemoglobin, hematocrit, whiteComplete blood cell-count, platelet count) without differential
Pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential including those who have had a tubal ligation
SECTION 4.5.1.6: Other Disease-Specific Assessments
An additional non-contrast CT or MRI will be performed at 22 to 36 hours from the initiation (bolus) of study drug infusion.
CT scans or MRIs performed at baseline, between 22 to 36 hours, and additional imaging performed due to clinical suspicion of deterioration up until 36 hours after study drug administration, will be evaluated by a central team of radiologists blinded to the clinical attributes of the case. These images will need to be sent to the central radiologists by the local site.
SECTION 4.5.2: Patient-Reported Outcomes
The EQ-5D, SIS-16, and CES-D will be provided in Spanish for those patients requiring translations.
SECTION 4.6.1: Screening/Baseline (Visit 1)
Complete blood count without differential
AEs
All screening evaluations with the exception of certain laboratory results (e.g., coagulation and plateletcomplete blood count) must be completed and reviewed to confirm that patients have met all eligibility criteria prior to treatment.
SECTION 4.6.2: Visit 2 (22 to 36 Hours after Treatment Initiation)
A non-contrast cranial CT or MRI (including DW MRI, either SW or GRE, FLAIR, and T1 and T2 sequences) will be performed at 22 to 36 hours after treatment with study drug has been initiated- (bolus).
AEs and concomitant medications will also be assessed at this visit. AE/SAE collection should be started as soon as study drug administration (bolus) is initiated.
SECTION 4.6.3: Visit 3 (Day 5 or Discharge from Hospital, if Sooner than Day 5)
An NIHSS score will be performed at On Day 5 (or on the day of discharge from the hospital, if sooner than Day 5. Furthermore, the), NIHSS score, stroke etiology, AEs, and concomitant medications will be collected. Discharge location of the patient-will be recorded if availablecollected at thisthe time. If discharged after Day 5, the discharge location will be subsequently recorded. Concomitant medications will also be assessed at this visit of hospital discharge.
SECTION 4.6.4: Visit 4 (Day Days])
AEs, concomitant medications, and patient survival will be assessed atduring this phone visit.
Primary and secondary efficacy endpoints, as well as all exploratory endpoints, will be assessed at Day 90 during an in person visit bywith the patient.
Cognitive assessments (Appendix 11)
Animal Naming test
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2
HVLT-R trials 1, 2, and 3
Hopkins Verbal Learning test
15 item Boston Naming test
Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure test
Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test, form V
HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition
Animal Naming test
BNT 15-item short form
The above cognitive assessments will be provided in Spanish for those patients requiring translations with the exception of the BNT 15-item short form.
AEs
SAEs and certain AEs (See Section 5.3.1)
SECTION 4.7.2: Study Treatment Discontinuation
If ICH is seen, study drug infusion should not be resumed and the treatment assignment shouldmay be unblinded- if blood products (to reverse the biological activity of IV alteplase) are indicated. If ICH is not seen, study drug infusion should immediately be restarted up to 5.5 hours after the last known well time at the same rate as the previous infusion until the remainder of study drug is infused.
Patients who discontinue study treatment prematurely will continue in the study and be followed for the course of the studythrough Day 90, based on the intent-to-treat (ITT) principle.
SECTION 5.2.1: Adverse Events
An AE can therefore be any of the following:
AEs that are related to a protocol mandated intervention, including those that occur prior to assignment of study treatment (e.g., screening invasive procedures such as biopsies)
SECTION 5.2.3: Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor
AESIs for this study include the following:
AllsICH events, of sICH (use if not already reported as an SAE (for a list of preferred terms for ICH see Appendix 13)
Stroke recurrence: report if the resulted in a substantial disruption of a person's ability to conduct normal life functions (i.e., the AE resulted in a significant, persistent, or permanent change; impairment; or damage or disruption in the patient's body function/structure, physical activities, and/or quality of life.
SECTION 5.3.1: Adverse Event Reporting Period
After informed consent has been obtained, but prior to initiation of study drug, only SAEs caused by a protocol mandated intervention should be reported.
After initiation of study drug, all AEs, (including serious and non-serious AEs), regardless of relationship to study drug, will be reported until 30 days after administration of study drug.
After 30 days until 90 days after administration of study drug--, the following AEs should be record on the AE CRF:
All SAEs
Non-serious ICHs
Non-serious AESIs
All AEs that resulted in withdrawal from the study
All SAEs and non-serious AESIs require immediate reporting to the Sponsor (see Section 5.4).
After this period90 days, the investigator is not required to actively monitor patients for adverse events ; however, the Sponsor should be notified if the investigator becomes aware of any post-study serious adverse events or non serious adverse events of special interest-study SAEs (see Section 5.6).
SECTION 5.3.3.8: Lack of Efficacy or Worsening of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Medical occurrences or symptoms of deterioration that are considered part of the disease course or disease process should be recorded as an AE if judged by the investigator to have unexpectedly worsened in severity or frequency or unexpectedly changed in nature at any time during the study. If there is uncertainty, it should be reported as an AE. When recording unexpected worsening of AIS on the Adverse Event eCRF, it is important to convey the concept that the condition has changed by including applicable descriptors of the event. Medical occurrences or symptoms of deterioration that are anticipated as part of AIS should be recorded as an AE if judged by the investigator to have unexpectedly worsened in severity or frequency or changed in nature at any time during the study. When recording such an on the Adverse Event eCRF, it is important to convey the concept that the condition has changed by including applicable descriptors (e.g., "accelerated acute ischemic stroke").
SECTION 5.4.1: Emergency Medical Contacts
PPD Medical Monitor contact information:
Medical Monitor: Areen SaidAndy Graber, M.D.
SECTION 5.6: POST-STUDY ADVERSE EVENTS
However, the Sponsor should be notified if the investigator becomes aware of any death, or other SAE occurring after the end of the AE reporting period. The Sponsor should also be notified if the investigator becomes aware of the-development of cancer, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect in a subsequently conceived offspring of a female patient exposed to study drug.
SECTION 6.1: DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE
The above power considerationsample size calculation assumes a control proportion of 65% and Type I error probability of 0.025 (one-sided)...
The ITT principle will be applied to the primary analysis and, therefore, to safeguard against dilution of the treatment effect associated with an approximate non-adherence rate (due to lost to follow-up, consent withdrawal, and-treatment crossovers, and stroke mimics), the above sample size needs to be inflated by a factor of or 1.108 (Friedman et al. 1998).
SECTION 6.2: PRIMARY ANALYSIS
The primary efficacy analysis will test the hypothesis of superiority of IV alteplase therapy over standard medical care in AIS patients with mild symptomsdeficits. ... The difference in the proportion of responders (favorable outcome) at 90 days post-randomization between the IV alteplase arm and the standard medical care arm will be compared via a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, stratified by pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. ), age ( vs. ), and last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours). ... A patient is considered enrolled and randomized in the trial, and included in the ITT population, as soon as study drug begins.
OtherAs a secondary efficacy eutcomes of interest include NIHSS score, BI, GOS, andoutcome, the global outcome scalescore at 90 days will be analyzed using the global odds ratio test based on the generalized estimating equations analysis (Wald-type test) with unstructured covariance-correlation matrix.
SECTION 6.3: SAFETY ANALYSIS
Primary-Safety outcomes include incidence of sICH within 36 hours; (primary safety assessment),...
SECTION 6.4: EXPLORATORY ANALYSES
The primary pre-specified variables and their analytic thresholds are defined by:
Last known well time to treatment ( vs. hours)
SECTION 6.5: INTERIM ANALYSIS
Further details will be provided in the interim SAP and the iDMC charter.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2
SECTION 6.6: MISSING DATA HANDLING
The multiple-imputation method will be used for handling missing data, including the last observation (e.g., the Day ) among the variables used in imputation.
SECTION 9.4: ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
A CRO will assist with study management, including project management, medical monitoring (as needed), clinical monitoring, data monitoring, and data management. Patients will be enrolled at approximately 75 sites in the U.S. and CanadaNorth America.
The iDMC will perform functions such as:
Determine if the study should continue after review of interim analysis results and to assess the sample size requirement using accumulated data, as described in the protocol
SECTION 10: REFERENCES
Levine SR, Khatri P, Broderick JP, et al. Review, historical context, and clarifications of the NINDA rt-PA stroke trials exclusion criteria part 1: rapidly improving stroke symptoms. Stroke 2013;44(9):2500-05.
The Re examining Acute Eligibility for Thrombolysis (TREAT) Task Force. Review, historical context, and clarifications of the NINDS rt PA stroke trials exclusion criteria: part 1: rapidly improving stroke symptoms. Stroke 2013 Jul 11. Epub ahead of print.
APPENDIX 1: Schedule of Assessments
The Schedule of Assessments has been revised to reflect the changes to the protocol.
APPENDIX 11: Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
Appendix 11G, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, has been removed. Appendix 11E, Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test, has been added. Other assessments in this appendix were reordered to reflect the preferred order of assessment administration.
APPENDIX 13: Preferred Terms for Intracranial Hemorrhage
Appendix 13 has been revised to include updated preferred terms for intracranial hemorrhage as follows:
Central nervous system hemorrhage
Epidural hemorrhage
Purpura cerebri
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT ACCEPTANCE FORM ..... 21
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS ..... 22
BACKGROUND ..... 29
1.1 Background on Acute Ischemic Stroke ..... 29
1.2 Background on Alteplase ..... 29
1.2.1 Fibrinolysis and Tissue Plasminogen Activator ..... 29
1.3 Study Rationale and Benefit-Risk Assessment ..... 30
STUDY DESIGN ..... 33
3.1 Description of Study ..... 33
3.2 Length of Study ..... 35
3.3 End of Study ..... 35
3.3.1 Number of Patients ..... 35
3.4 Rationale for Study Design ..... 35
3.4.1 Rationale for Alteplase Dosage ..... 35
3.4.2 Rationale for Patient Population ..... 36
3.4.3 Rationale for Control Group ..... 38
3.5 Outcome Measures ..... 38
3.5.1 Efficacy Outcome Measures ..... 38
3.5.2 Safety Outcome Measures ..... 39
3.5.3 Exploratory Outcome Measures ..... 40
MATERIALS AND METHODS ..... 40
4.1 Patients ..... 40
4.1.1 Inclusion Criteria ..... 40
4.1.2 Exclusion Criteria ..... 41
4.2 Method of Treatment Assignment and Blinding ..... 42
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2 ..... 16
4.3 Study Treatment ..... 43
4.3.1 Formulation, Packaging, and Handling ..... 43
4.3.1.1 Alteplase ..... 43
4.3.1.2 Alteplase Placebo ..... 44
4.3.1.3 Aspirin ..... 44
4.3.1.4 Aspirin Placebo ..... 44
4.3.2 Dosage, Administration, and Compliance ..... 44
4.3.2.1 Alteplase ..... 44
4.3.3 Investigational Medicinal Product Accountability ..... 45
4.3.4 Investigational Medicinal Product ..... 46
4.3.4.1 Alteplase and Placebo ..... 46
4.3.4.2 Non-investigational Medicinal Products ..... 46
4.3.5 Post-Trial Access to Alteplase ..... 46
4.4 Concomitant Therapy ..... 46
4.4.1 Permitted Therapy ..... 46
4.4.2 Prohibited Therapy ..... 46
4.5 Study Assessments ..... 47
4.5.1 Description of Study Assessments ..... 47
4.5.1.1 Informed Consent Forms and Screening Log ..... 47
4.5.1.2 Medical History and Demographic Data ..... 47
4.5.1.3 Neurological Examinations ..... 47
4.5.1.4 Vital Signs ..... 48
4.5.1.5 Laboratory Assessments ..... 48
4.5.1.6 Other Disease-Specific Assessments ..... 48
4.5.2 Patient-Reported Outcomes ..... 49
4.6 Timing of Study Assessments ..... 50
4.6.1 Screening/Baseline (Visit 1) ..... 50
4.6.2 Visit 2 (22 to 36 Hours after Treatment Initiation) ..... 50
4.6.3 Visit 3 (Day 5 or Discharge from Hospital, if Sooner than Day 5) ..... 51
4.6.4 Visit 4 (Day 30 [30 ± 7 Days]) ..... 51
4.6.5 Visit 5 (Day Days]/Study Completion) ..... 51
4.6.6 Early Discontinuation ..... 52
4.7 Patient, Treatment, Study, and Site Discontinuation ..... 52
4.7.1 Patient Discontinuation ..... 52
4.7.2 Study Treatment Discontinuation ..... 52
4.7.3 Study and Site Discontinuation ..... 53
ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY ..... 53
5.1 Safety Plan ..... 53
5.1.1 Risk of Bleeding ..... 54
5.1.2 Risk of Allergic Reactions ..... 54
5.2 Safety Parameters and Definitions ..... 54
5.2.1 Adverse Events ..... 55
5.2.2 Serious Adverse Events (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor) ..... 55
5.2.3 Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor) ..... 56
5.3 Methods and Timing for Capturing and Assessing Safety Parameters ..... 56
5.3.1 Adverse Event Reporting Period ..... 56
5.3.2 Assessment of Severity of Adverse Events ..... 57
5.3.3 Assessment of Causality of Adverse Events ..... 57
5.3.3.1 Diagnosis versus Signs and Symptoms ..... 58
5.3.3.2 Adverse Events Occurring Secondary to Other Events ..... 59
5.3.3.3 Persistent or Recurrent Adverse Events ..... 59
5.3.3.4 Abnormal Laboratory Values ..... 59
5.3.3.5 Abnormal Vital Sign Values ..... 60
5.3.3.6 Deaths ..... 61
5.3.3.7 Preexisting Medical Conditions ..... 61
5.3.3.8 Lack of Efficacy or Worsening of Acute Ischemic Stroke ..... 61
5.3.3.9 Hospitalization or Prolonged Hospitalization ..... 62
5.3.3.10 Adverse Events Associated with an Overdose ..... 62
5.3.3.11 Patient-Reported Outcome Data ..... 62
5.4 Immediate Reporting Requirements from Investigator to Sponsor ..... 62
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2 ..... 18
5.4.1 Emergency Medical Contacts ..... 63
5.4.2 Reporting Requirements for Serious Adverse Events and Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest ..... 63
5.4.3 Reporting Requirements for Pregnancies ..... 64
5.4.3.1 Pregnancies in Female Patients ..... 64
5.4.3.2 Congenital Anomalies/Birth Defects and Abortions ..... 64
5.5 Follow-Up of Patients after Adverse Events ..... 64
5.5.1 Investigator Follow-Up ..... 64
5.5.2 Sponsor Follow-Up ..... 65
5.6 Post-Study Adverse Events ..... 65
5.7 Expedited Reporting to Health Authorities, Investigators, Institutional Review Boards, and Ethics Committees ..... 65
DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT ..... 68
7.1 Data Quality Assurance ..... 68
7.2 Electronic Case Report Forms ..... 68
7.3 Source Data Documentation ..... 69
7.4 Use of Computerized Systems ..... 69
7.5 Retention of Records ..... 70
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ..... 70
8.1 Compliance with Laws and Regulations ..... 70
8.2 Informed Consent ..... 70
8.3 Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee ..... 71
8.4 Confidentiality ..... 71
8.5 Financial Disclosure ..... 72
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2 ..... 19
STUDY DOCUMENTATION, MONITORING, AND ADMINISTRATION ..... 72
9.1 Study Documentation ..... 72
9.2 Protocol Violations ..... 72
9.3 Site Inspections ..... 72
9.4 Administrative Structure ..... 73
9.5 Protocol Amendments ..... 74
REFERENCES ..... 75
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Comparison of PRISMS and NINDS Studies ..... 32
Table 2 NIHSS Exclusion Criteria of Recently Completed and Ongoing Acute Ischemic Stroke Trials ..... 37
Table 3 Intracerebral Hemorrhage Definitions ..... 39
Table 4 Adverse Event Severity Grading Scale ..... 57
Table 5 Causal Attribution Guidance ..... 58
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Abbreviated Study Schema ..... 34
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Schedule of Assessments ..... 78
Appendix 2 Alteplase Administration ..... 81
Appendix 3 Reconstitution of Vials ..... 82
Appendix 4 European Quality of Life-5D (EQ-5D) Questionnaire ..... 83
Appendix 5 Stroke Index Scale (SIS-16) ..... 85
Appendix 6 Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression (CES-D) Scale, NIMH ..... 86
Appendix 7 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ..... 87
Appendix 8 Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ..... 91
Appendix 9 Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) ..... 92
Appendix 10 Barthel Index (BI) ..... 93
Appendix 11 Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments ..... 95
Appendix 12 Meter Walk Test ..... 106
Appendix 13 Preferred Terms for Intracranial Hemorrhage ..... 109
Appendix 14 World Health Organization (WHO) Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events ..... 110
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT ACCEPTANCE FORM
TITLE:
A PHASE IIIb, DOUBLE STUDY TO EVALUATE SAFETY OF ALTEPLASE STROKE: RAPIDLY IM MINOR NEUROLOGIC
PROTOCOL NUMBER:
ML29093
VERSION NUMBER:
2
EUDRACT NUMBER:
Not applicable
IND NUMBER:
3811
TEST PRODUCT:
Alteplase (RO5532960)
LEAD PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:
□ M.D.
MEDICAL MONITOR:
□ M.D.
SPONSOR:
Genentech, Inc.
I agree to conduct the study in accordance with the current protocol.
Principal Investigator's Name (print)
Principal Investigator's Signature
Date
Please return a copy of this form as instructed by your local study monitor and retain a copy for your study files.
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS
TITLE:
A PHASE IIIb, DOUBLE EVALUATE THE EFFIC PATIENTS WITH MILD SYMPTOMS AND MINO
PROTOCOL NUMBER:
ML29093
VERSION NUMBER:
2
EUDRACT NUMBER:
Not applicable
IND NUMBER:
3811
TEST PRODUCT:
Alteplase (RO5532960)
PHASE:
lllb
INDICATION:
Acute ischemic stroke
SPONSOR:
Genentech, Inc.
Objectives
Primary Objectives
The primary objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of intravenous (IV) alteplase for treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with mild stroke (also known as "minor neurologic deficit" and "rapidly improving stroke symptoms"), defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and not clearly disabling, within 3 hours of last known well time as measured by the proportion of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1 at Day 90 .
Secondary Objectives
The secondary objectives of this study are as follows:
To further evaluate efficacy of IV alteplase to improve mild stroke outcomes at Day 90 via:
Ordinal mRS
Global favorable recovery (Global Outcome Measure derived from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, Barthel Index [BI] , and Glasgow Outcome Scale[GOS] =1)
Stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs)
Exploratory Objectives
The exploratory objectives for this study include subgroup analyses of the primary efficacy outcome variable in subgroups defined by age ( vs. ), pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. ), last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours), and stroke subgroups (rapidly improving stroke symptoms [RISS] vs. non-RISS), respectively.
The following endpoints will also be explored:
NIHSS
BI
GOS
Stroke recurrence (based on AE monitoring) within 90 days
Cognition and behavior (modified 30 -minute battery: Controlled Oral Word Association test; Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R] trials 1, 2, and 3; digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III [WAIS III]; Forward and Backward Digit Span test; Benton Judgment of Line Orientation, form V; HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition; semantic fluency [Animal Naming test]; and Boston Naming Test [BNT; 15-item short form]) at Day 90
Ambulatory performance (as measured by walking speed) at Day 90
Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D)
Quality of life (European Quality of Life [EQ-5D] questionnaire) at Day 90
Stroke Impact Scale-16 (SIS-16) at Day 90
Study Design
Description of Study
PRISMS is a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, Phase IIIb study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IV alteplase in AIS patients with mild strokes that do not appear to be clearly disabling. The trial will consist of a screening assessment, randomization, and treatment followed by a Day 5 visit, 30 -day phone call, and a 90 -day follow-up visit. Treatment should start within 3 hours from last known well time (stroke symptom onset).
Screening assessments will be used to determine the eligibility of the patient. Patients meeting eligibility criteria will be randomized in a ratio to receive either:
One dose of alteplase IV (not to exceed 90 mg ) and one dose of oral aspirin placebo, OR
One dose of IV alteplase placebo and one dose of oral aspirin 325 mg .
Number of Patients
Approximately 948 patients with AIS and mild strokes will be enrolled in the study across 75 sites in North America.
Target Population
Inclusion Criteria
Patients must meet the following criteria for study entry:
Age years (no upper age limit)
Mild ischemic stroke defined as the most recent pre-treatment NIHSS score of and determined to be not clearly disabling by the investigator. This includes patients with persistently mild deficits as well as those who improve to a pre-treatment NIHSS score (also known as RISS).
Study treatment can be initiated within 3 hours of last known well time without stroke symptoms (i.e., last seen normal).
Signed informed consent prior to initiation of any study-specific procedure or treatment. The patient or the patient's legally authorized representative must be able to provide written informed consent and understand the potential risks and benefits from study enrollment and treatment.
Exclusion Criteria
Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry:
Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings consisting of one of the following:
CT with clear large hypodensity that is greater than one-third middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory),
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2
MRI with clear large hyperintensity on concurrent diffusion-weighted (DW) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) that is greater than one-third MCA territory (or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory),
Imaging lesion consistent with acute hemorrhage of any degree, OR
Evidence of intraparenchymal tumor
Disability prior to the presenting stroke (historical mRS score )
Standard contraindications to IV alteplase for patients treated within 3 hours of symptom onset, including:
Head trauma or previous stroke within the previous 3 months
Myocardial infarction within the previous 3 months
Gastrointestinal or urinary tract hemorrhage within the previous 21 days
Major surgery within the previous 14 days
Arterial puncture at a non-compressible site within the previous 7 days
Any history of ICH with the exception of chronic microbleeds on MRI
Elevated blood pressure (systolic or diastolic ), or the use of aggressive measures (use of more than two intravenous agents to lower blood pressure) to achieve blood pressure within acceptable parameters
Treatment with unfractionated heparin within the last 48 hours and activated partial thromboplastin time outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Blood glucose
International normalized ratio (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Platelet count of (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (including novel oral anticoagulants [e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban]) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin (e.g., dalteparin, enoxaparin) within the last 48 hours
Allergic reactions to study drug or aspirin
Females of childbearing age who are known to be pregnant and/or lactating, or who have a positive pregnancy test on admission
Inability to swallow, which would prevent oral intake of aspirin or aspirin placebo tablet
Other serious, advanced, or terminal illness that would confound the clinical outcome at 90 days
Current or recent (within 3 months) participation in another investigational drug treatment protocol
Anticipated inability to obtain 3 -month follow-up assessments
Previous enrollment in PRISMS
Any other condition that the investigator feels would pose a significant hazard to the patient if treatment with alteplase is initiated
Length of Study
Based on study enrollment projections, this study is estimated to take approximately 4 years to complete, from first patient in to last patient's last visit (LPLV), when the final patient completes the 90-day follow-up.
End of Study
The end of the study is defined as the date when the LPLV occurs. The LPLV is expected to occur approximately 90 days ( days) after the last patient is enrolled into the study.
Efficacy Outcome Measures
The primary efficacy outcome measure for this study is:
A favorable functional outcome, defined by an mRS score of 0 or 1 at Day 90 post-randomization
All mRS assessments will be made by investigators blinded to treatment assignment who are trained and certified in mRS administration.
The secondary efficacy outcomes at Day 90 include:
Ordinal mRS
Global favorable recovery (Global Outcome Measure derived from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, , and )
Safety Outcome Measures
The safety outcome measures for this study are as follows:
Incidence of sICH within 36 hours (primary safety assessment)
sICH is defined as any neurological decline attributed to new ICH seen on imaging by the investigator. New ICH seen on imaging will be later confirmed on independent reading by blinded central study radiologists.
Any ICH within 36 hours
Overall mortality within 90 days
Stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all AEs and SAEs
Investigational Medicinal Products
Test Product
Patients randomized to the active arm will receive treatment with of IV alteplase (maximum 90 mg ) per standard stroke dosing.
Comparator
Patients randomized to the placebo arm will receive IV alteplase placebo consisting of 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80, and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
Non-Investigational Medicinal Products
Comparator
To maintain standard medical care, patients randomized to the IV alteplase placebo arm will receive 325 mg of oral aspirin at the same time that they receive IV alteplase placebo.
Comparator
Patients in the IV alteplase active arm will receive an oral aspirin placebo tablet at the same time they receive IV alteplase. The placebo will be identical in appearance to active aspirin to maintain treatment blinding.
Statistical Methods
Primary Analysis
The primary efficacy analysis will test the hypothesis of superiority of IV alteplase therapy over standard medical care in AIS patients with mild deficits. The primary efficacy outcome is the proportion of patients with a favorable outcome, defined by mRS score of 0 or 1 at 90 days post-randomization. The difference in the proportion of mRS responders (favorable outcome) at 90 days post-randomization between the IV alteplase arm and the standard medical care arm will be compared via a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, stratified by pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. ), age (< 65 vs. ), and last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours). The primary efficacy analysis will include all randomized patients, with patients grouped according to the treatment assigned at randomization adhering to the intent-to-treat (ITT) principle. As a sensitivity analysis, results from the univariate Pearson's chi-square test will also be presented.
Determination of Sample Size
A sample size of 856 is required in order to achieve power for the primary analysis to detect an effect size of absolute difference in the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes between the alteplase and control arms. The above sample size calculation assumes a control proportion of and Type I error probability of 0.025 (one-sided), and uses a group sequential design with one interim analysis for futility (non-binding), based on an O'Brien-Fleming boundary, after 50% of the anticipated sample size have completed the 90-day follow-up assessments. was used in sample size calculation.
The ITT principle will be applied to the primary analysis and, therefore, to safeguard against dilution of the treatment effect associated with an approximate non-adherence rate (due to lost to follow-up, consent withdrawal, treatment crossovers, and stroke mimics), the above sample needs to be inflated by a factor of or 1.108 (Friedman et al. 1998). Therefore, a total sample size of 948 is required for this study.
Interim Analysis
One interim analysis of the primary efficacy outcome is planned for clear futility, conducted according to the beta-spending approach (Pampallona et al. 2001) with an O'Brien-Fleming-type boundary. This futility analysis will occur after approximately of patients (or 474) have completed the 90-day assessment.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Abbreviation
Definition
AE
adverse event
AESI
adverse event of special interest
AIS
acute ischemic stroke
aPTT
activated partial thromboplastin time
BI
Barthel Index
BNT
Boston Naming Test
CES-D
Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression
CRO
contract research organization
CT
computed tomography
DW
diffusion-weighted
EC
Ethics Committee
eCRF
electronic Case Report Form
EDC
electronic data capture
EEA
European Economic Area
EQ-5D
European Quality of Life questionnaire
EU
European Union
FDA
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FLAIR
fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
GOS
Glasgow Outcome Scale
GRE
gradient echo
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HVLT-R
Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised
ICH
intracranial hemorrhage
ID
identification
iDCC
independent Data Coordinating Center
iDMC
independent Data Monitoring Committee
IMP
investigational medicinal product
IND
Investigational New Drug (application)
INR
international normalized ratio
IRB
Institutional Review Board
IST-3
third International Stroke Trial
ITT
intent-to-treat
IU
international units
IV
intravenous
IWRS
Interactive Web Response System
Abbreviation
Definition
LHH
likelihood of being helped vs. harmed
LPLV
last patient's last visit
MCA
middle cerebral artery
MedDRA
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
mRS
modified Rankin Scale
NIHSS
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
NINDS
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
NNH
number needed to harm
NNT
number needed to treat
PRO
patient-reported outcome
RISS
rapidly improving stroke symptoms
rPH
remote parenchymal hematoma
SAE
serious adverse event
SAP
Statistical Analysis Plan
sICH
symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage
SIS-16
Stroke Impact Scale-16
STIAMP
Suspected Transmission of an Infectious Agent via a Medicinal Product
SWFI
sterile water for injection
SW
susceptibility-weighted
t-PA
tissue plasminogen activator
U.S.
United States
USPI
U.S. Package Insert
WAIS III
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III
WHO
World Health Organization
1. BACKGROUND
1.1 BACKGROUND ON ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States (U.S.). Nearly 800,000 strokes occur in the U.S. annually; of these, approximately are ischemic in nature (Rosamond et al. 2007). Treatment options are limited, as the only approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is alteplase, which is to be used in eligible patients and started within 3 hours from the onset of stroke symptoms. Stroke with "only minor or rapidly improving stroke symptoms" is considered a relative exclusion by national clinical guidelines, as these patients were largely excluded from definitive trials to date (Jauch et al. 2013). Consistent with this recommendation, only of alteplase recipients have mild strokes (Smith et al. 2011).
More than half of all ischemic stroke patients have mild strokes at initial presentation in population-based studies (Dhamoon et al. 2009; Reeves et al. 2013). Yet, a substantial proportion of ischemic stroke patients who arrive within hours of symptom onset are not treated with intravenous (IV) alteplase primarily due to mild symptoms at the time of the treatment decision (Smith et al. 2011; De Los Rios la Rosa et al. 2012). In a national registry, among 93,517 cases arriving to Emergency Departments within 2 hours, 29,200 ( ) were not treated solely due to mild or improving symptoms, and 80.1% of untreated cases had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (Smith et al. 2011).
While treatment of mild stroke is generally uncommon, leading stroke centers vary widely in their approach. For example, the proportion of mild stroke patients (NIHSS ) treated with reperfusion therapies at National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Specialized Programs of Translational Research in Acute Stroke (SPOTRIAS) centers ranged from 2%-16% in 2008-2009 (Wiley et al. 2012). This variability in approach is also evident upon discussion with former leaders of the pivotal NINDS trials; some physicians treat all eligible stroke patients regardless of severity, and others treat only a minority of patients
□ , personal communication). There is unquestionable community equipoise regarding the acute treatment of the mild stroke population.
1.2 BACKGROUND ON ALTEPLASE
1.2.1 Fibrinolysis and Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Physiologic dissolution of a thrombus depends primarily on the proteolytic action of plasmin formed from plasminogen at the site of a clot. The mechanism for this activation in vivo has not been definitively established. Plasminogen, the zymogen precursor of plasmin, may be activated by substances found in the plasma milieu, in tissue (tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA]), in urine (urokinase), and in bacteria (streptokinase). The generated plasmin may be inhibited by plasma proteins such as -antiplasmin and -macroglobulin (Robbins 1982).
Kinetic analyses suggest that plasminogen activation in the presence of fibrin occurs after the binding of plasminogen and t-PA at the clot site. t-PA has a high affinity for fibrin, thereby efficiently activating the fibrin-bound plasminogen and converting it to plasmin. Plasmin, which when bound to fibrin is protected from rapid inactivation by -antiplasmin, then proceeds to digest the fibrin clot.
See the Activase (alteplase) U.S. Package Insert (USPI) for additional details on nonclinical and clinical studies.
1.3 STUDY RATIONALE AND BENEFIT-RISK ASSESSMENT
Alteplase is the only approved therapeutic agent for the treatment of AIS and is widely accepted as the standard of care for eligible patients (Edlow et al. 2013; Jauch et al. 2013). The currently approved alteplase USPI contains wording that recommends against use of alteplase in patients with "minor neurological deficit or with rapidly improving stroke symptoms" due to the fact this patient population has not been evaluated. Furthermore, the current American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council Guidelines include "minor and rapidly improving stroke symptoms (clearing spontaneously)" as a relative exclusion criterion for alteplase (Jauch, et al. 2013). This is largely due to the aforementioned label wording not recommending treatment of patients with minor neurological deficit or with rapidly improving stroke symptoms (RISS), the lack of a consistent and consensus definition on who constitutes this patient population, and the absence of definitive evidence of alteplase efficacy in this setting (Levine et al. 2013). Therefore, this trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alteplase in confirmed AIS patients with minor neurological deficit or with RISS, which will be referred to collectively as "mild stroke" throughout the protocol.
To date, all completed major randomized acute stroke trials have excluded patients with mild strokes to varying degrees. In the two NINDS trials, such patients were excluded according to the protocol (largely to prevent patients with transient ischemic attacks from being enrolled if they were having rapidly improving symptoms), but did not include an explicit definition of mild stroke except for pure sensory stroke, isolated ataxia, isolated dysarthria, and isolated facial weakness (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 1995). The operational definition for stroke symptoms too mild to treat was left to the judgment of the randomizing physician (Levine et al. 2013). Interestingly, a post hoc analysis of the 624 patients in the NINDS trial revealed that there were 58 patients ( ) enrolled with an NIHSS score , none of whom had isolated motor symptoms, isolated facial droop, isolated ataxia, dysarthria, isolated sensory, and three or fewer of each of additional isolated deficits (Khatri et al. 2010). Perhaps more significantly, 2971 patients were excluded primarily due to "rapidly improving" or "minor symptoms." However, a significant unmet medical need exists for patients with mild stroke. Available outcome data for patients with mild stroke who do not receive alteplase consistently demonstrate a high rate of suboptimal outcomes. Specifically, in two different prospective databases of patients with mild deficits (NIHSS score ) and no baseline disability, approximately
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
one-third were significantly disabled (as measured by modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 2-6) at 90 days (Fischer et al. 2010; Khatri et al. 2012;
□ , personal communication).
Existing, albeit limited, data suggest that the potential benefit-risk ratio for alteplase in mild stroke should be favorable. Gonzales et al. demonstrated better functional outcomes among mild strokes treated with IV alteplase compared to those not treated in a large, single-center, retrospective cohort; this was shown with two different thresholds of stroke severity (NIHSS and NIHSS ) (Gonzales et al. 2006). Additionally, a recent post hoc analysis of the subset of the third International Stroke Trial (IST-3) patients with mild strokes (pre-treatment NIHSS who met all other NINDS rt-PA study eligibility criteria) showed a trend toward benefit for alteplase □ , personal communication). For PRISMS, the primary efficacy outcome assumption (mRS ) is a absolute treatment effect of alteplase relative to placebo. This assumption is based on several retrospective analyses of similar patient populations (Köhrmann et al. 2009; Fischer el al. 2010; Hassan et al. 2010b; Khatri et al. 2012) as well as the aforementioned IST-3 trial subgroup analysis □ , personal communication).
The most prevalently reported and life-threatening adverse event (AE) associated with alteplase treatment for acute ischemic stroke is symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Post hoc analyses, case series, and retrospective studies in patients with mild stroke suggest an absolute sICH rate of with alteplase treatment (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 2005; Baumann 2006; Gonzales et al. 2006; Köhrmann et al. 2009; Steffenhagen et al. 2009; Hassan et al. 2010a; Hassan et al. 2010b; Huisa et al. 2012). These data are consistent with analyses of IV alteplase trials of more severe patients suggesting that stroke severity, as measured by the NIHSS score, is a strong predictor of sICH risk (Khatri et al. 2007). No data exist to estimate the sICH rate for patients with mild stroke who did not receive t-PA; therefore, for this study, we are using a sICH rate for the placebo arm, which is likely a conservative estimate. An absolute sICH difference of at 36 hours (primary safety endpoint) has been assumed for the alteplase arm vs. the placebo control arm in the proposed study. For this study, sICH has been defined as any neurologic decline attributed to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) seen on imaging by the local investigator within 36 hours of study drug administration, consistent with the NINDS trial definition for sICH (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 1995).
Assuming the proposed study demonstrates both a absolute treatment effect rate, the number of patients needed to treat (NNT) to show benefit (i.e., mRS score of ) for one patient is 11 . Assuming a absolute difference in sICH rate in patients treated with alteplase, the corresponding value for the number needed to harm (NNH), specifically for sICH, is conservatively estimated to be 50 . The actual number NNH, or the number of patients who would have worse outcomes at 90 days with alteplase compared to placebo treatment, is likely to be much higher than is reflected by the sICH rate alone, as many patients who experience sICH have severe baseline infarcts and are destined for poor outcomes (Saver 2007).
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2
For comparison, the absolute treatment effect for mRS score of at 90 days was for the NINDS-sponsored pivotal study for alteplase. This equates to an NNT of 7.9. In the same study, the absolute difference in sICH was at hours post-treatment, or an NNH of 17.2 (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 1995).
Table 1 Comparison of PRISMS and NINDS Studies
Study
Absolute Treatment Effect (%)
Absolute Difference in sICH (%)
NNT
NNH
LHH
Proposed study in patients with mild stroke and RISS
9
2
11
50
0.22
NINDS-sponsored pivotal study for alteplase
13
7.9
17.2
0.46
LHH=likelihood of being helped vs. harmed; NINDS=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; NNH=number needed to harm; NNT=number needed to treat; RISS=rapidly improving stroke symptoms; sICH=symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. LHH is the likelihood of being helped versus harmed and is the ratio between the NNT and the NNH. The LHH has been proposed as an expression to capture both the NNT and the NNH into a single value. An LHH below 1.0 indicates the expected benefits outweigh the possible harm. The lower the LHH, the more favorable the benefit-risk ratio is for the treatment in the patient population of interest (Demaerschalk 2007). In the NINDS study, patients who received alteplase and developed sICH within 36 hours had a mortality rate of (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 2005).
2. OBJECTIVES
2.1 PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of IV alteplase for treatment of AIS in patients with mild stroke (also known as "minor neurologic deficit" and "rapidly improving stroke symptoms"), defined as an NIHSS score and not clearly disabling, within 3 hours of last known well time as measured by the proportion of patients with mRS score of 0-1 at Day 90.
2.2 SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
The secondary objectives of this study are as follows:
To further evaluate efficacy of IV alteplase to improve mild stroke outcomes at Day 90 via:
Ordinal mRS
Global favorable recovery (Global Outcome Measure derived from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, Barthel Index [BI] , and Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] =1)
To evaluate safety as measured by:
sICH within 36 hours (primary safety assessment)
Any ICH within 36 hours
Mortality within 90 days
Stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all AEs and serious adverse events (SAEs)
2.3 EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES
The exploratory objectives for this study include subgroup analyses of the primary efficacy outcome variable as defined by age ( vs. ), pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. ), last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours), and stroke subgroups (RISS vs. non-RISS), respectively.
The following endpoints will also be explored:
NIHSS
BI
GOS
Stroke recurrence (based on AE monitoring) within 90 days
Cognition and behavior (modified 30 -minute battery: Controlled Oral Word Association test; Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R] trials 1, 2, and 3; digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III [WAIS III]; Forward and Backward Digit Span test; Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test, form V; HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition; semantic fluency [Animal Naming test]; Boston Naming Test [BNT; 15-item short form]) at Day 90
Ambulatory performance (as measured by walking speed) at Day 90
Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D)
Quality of life (European Quality of Life [EQ-5D] questionnaire) at Day 90
Stroke Impact Scale-16 (SIS-16) at Day 90
3. STUDY DESIGN
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY
PRISMS is a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, Phase IIIb study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IV alteplase in AIS patients with mild strokes that do not appear to be clearly disabling. The trial will consist of a screening assessment, randomization, and treatment followed by a Day 5 visit, 30 -day phone call, and a 90 -day follow-up visit. Treatment should start within 3 hours from last known well time (stroke symptom onset).
Screening assessments will be used to determine the eligibility of the patient. Patients meeting eligibility criteria will be randomized in a ratio to receive either:
One dose of alteplase IV (not to exceed 90 mg ) and one dose of oral aspirin placebo, OR
One dose of IV alteplase placebo and one dose of oral aspirin 325 mg (Figure 1).
Every effort should be made to ensure both study drugs are initiated within 3 hours of last known well time. If institutional policies on oral medications make it challenging to administer the oral aspirin/aspirin placebo within 3 hours of last known well time, the oral study drug may be given up to 24 hours after the last known well time. IV alteplase/IV alteplase placebo MAY NOT be initiated beyond 3 hours of last known well time under any circumstances.
A full schedule of assessments is provided in Appendix 1.
Figure 1 Abbreviated Study Schema
ASA = aspirin; CT= computed tomography; IV=intravenous; MRI= magnetic resonance imaging; mRS modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
Due to the emergency nature of randomization in acute stroke clinical trials, treatment assignments must be made in an expeditious manner that also ensures even distribution in the treatment groups. A "step forward" randomization regimen stratified by site will be used to ensure that a randomized treatment assignment is available upon patients' arrival at the hospital and treatment can initiate immediately upon signing informed consent and eligibility confirmation. Further details on step forward randomization can be found in Section 4.2, Method of Treatment Assignment and Blinding.
An independent Data Monitoring Committee (iDMC) will provide ongoing review of potential safety concerns and review efficacy and safety outcomes to inform a futility interim analysis after 50% of patients have achieved the primary endpoint (following completion of the Day 90 visit). The composition of the iDMC and analysis will be documented in detail in a separate iDMC charter.
3.2 LENGTH OF STUDY
Based on study enrollment projections, this study is estimated to take approximately 4 years to complete, from first patient in to last patient's last visit (LPLV), when the final patient completes the 90-day follow-up.
3.3 END OF STUDY
The end of the study is defined as the date when the LPLV occurs. The LPLV is expected to occur approximately 90 days ( days) after the last patient is enrolled into the study.
3.3.1 Number of Patients
Approximately 948 patients with AIS and mild strokes will be enrolled in the study across 75 sites in North America.
3.4 RATIONALE FOR STUDY DESIGN
This study is designed to assess whether alteplase administered within 3 hours of last known well time is superior to standard of care (i.e., aspirin) in patients with mild stroke. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive either IV alteplase plus aspirin placebo or IV alteplase placebo plus aspirin 325 mg ; hence, this is an active-comparator trial. Other than the study intervention, patients will receive standard of care for AIS at the enrolling institutions. The primary endpoint using the mRS assessment of global disability at 90 days is standard for current AIS trials.
The study design of PRISMS has the following characteristics:
Consistent with the currently approved indication in the alteplase USPI: Treatment with alteplase in PRISMS will occur in otherwise eligible AIS patients within 3 hours from the last known well time.
Conduct of a large, multicenter study: The Sponsor plans to enroll 948 patients across approximately 75 sites in North America. (For comparison, the two NINDS trials enrolled a total of 624 patients.)
Multiple endpoints involving different events: In addition to the primary efficacy endpoint of mRS at Day 90, which measures disability, secondary endpoints at Day 90 will include an ordinal assessment and global favorable recovery, as calculated using the Global Outcome Measure derived from the mRS, NIHSS, BI, and GOS.
3.4.1 Rationale for Alteplase Dosage
The dose selected for alteplase ( , maximum 90 mg ) is the approved dose for eligible patients with AIS in North America and is considered the standard of care by the stroke community (Jauch et al. 2013).
3.4.2 Rationale for Patient Population
The patients for this trial will be recruited from all AIS patients presenting to Emergency Departments in whom treatment can be initiated within 3 hours of last known well time at approximately 75 clinical sites within North America. As described in Section 1.3, eligible patients with mild stroke will be enrolled in this study. Currently, the alteplase USPI warns against the use of alteplase in patients with "minor neurologic deficit and rapidly improving stroke symptoms" due to lack of data. Retrospective and observational data suggest potential benefit of alteplase in these patients, with a favorable benefit-risk profile.
The definition of mild stroke for PRISMS is an NIHSS score and not clearly disabling. This includes patients whose symptoms are persistently mild as well as those with RISS.
An NIHSS score was chosen as one criterion in the definition of mild stroke for PRISMS for the following reasons:
An NIHSS score is commonly used as an exclusion criterion for many current AIS studies, suggesting that these patients are underrepresented in current stroke research and are treated differently by the stroke community, as shown in Table 2.
The largest retrospective analysis of mild stroke from the Get With the Guidelines registry included 29,200 stroke patients who did not receive alteplase due to mild or improving symptoms. This analysis found that of patients with mild or rapidly improving stroke who did not receive alteplase (and had a recorded NIHSS score) had an initial NIHSS score (Smith et al. 2011).
Based on these findings, an NIHSS score was determined to be the most appropriate cut-off to define the patient population with mild stroke.
Table 2 NIHSS Exclusion Criteria of Recently Completed and Ongoing Acute Ischemic Stroke Trials
Recently Completed AIS Trials
Exclusion
Ongoing AIS Trials
Exclusion
Combined Approach to Lysis Utilizing Eptifibatide and rt-PA in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CLEAR Stroke) Trial
ARTSS
NIHSS
Intravenous Thrombolysis Plus Hypothermia for Acute Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
SHINE
NIHSS < 3
Albumin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (ALIAS) Part One
The Intravascular Cooling in the Treatment of Stroke 2/3 (ICTuS 2/3) Trial (ICTuS2/3)
NIHSS
Study of the Combination Therapy of rt-PA and Eptifibati5.3.3.8de to Treat Acute Ischemic Stroke (CLEAR-ER)
Safety/Feasibility of Autologous Mononuclear Bone Marrow Cells in Stroke Patients
NIHSS
Albumin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (ALIAS) Part Two
NIHSS
SWIFT PRIME
NIHSS
Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE)
PENUMBRA THERAPY
NeuroThera Efficacy and Safety Trial-3 (NEST3)
NIHSS
PENUMBRA 3D
NIHSS
CLOTBUST-ER
NIHSS
AIS=acute ischemic stroke; NIHSS=National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
Source: www.clinicaltrials.gov. Accessed August 2013. Note that the NIHSS criteria for the trials listed are mentioned in the inclusion criteria, whereas the entries in the above table were adapted to list the corresponding exclusion criteria.
It is notable that the alteplase USPI (2011) distinguishes patients with minor neurological deficit from those with RISS. However, PRISMS combines these two patient groups into one operationally defined patient population (mild stroke): all eligible patients with an NIHSS score at the time of randomization without clearly disabling symptoms, irrespective of previous NIHSS scores. Data demonstrating low alteplase use in patients with NIHSS scores do not distinguish between whether the patient's deficit was persistently mild or improved to this status (Smith et al. 2011). Furthermore, no data exist that suggest patients who improved to a mild status at the time of treatment with alteplase have different outcomes from patients whose neurologic deficit is persistently mild. To date, available data suggest that alteplase therapy would potentially be beneficial in both patients with RISS who improve to an NIHSS score and patients with persistently mild deficits with an NIHSS score .
Conversely, patients who improve to an NIHSS score>5 at the time of treatment decision will be excluded from PRISMS as they are not considered to have RISS. Current clinical practice suggests that these patients would still have a moderate or severe stroke at the time of treatment decision and should receive alteplase, if eligible, rather than be randomized to a study. Such patients should not be defined as rapidly improving, given that they have not improved to an NIHSS score low enough to merit withholding therapy. This definition of RISS is consistent with a recent consensus statement by leading stroke and emergency medicine experts (Levine et al. 2013).
PRISMS will also exclude patients who are assessed at the time of pre-treatment to be clearly disabled. These clearly disabling deficits at presentation may include, but are not limited to, homonymous hemianopsia, severe limb weakness, severe aphasia, hemineglect, or cortical blindness. Patients with clearly disabling deficits will be excluded from this study irrespective of the NIHSS score at time of randomization, as current clinical practice and ethical responsibility suggest that these patients should be evaluated to receive alteplase rather than be enrolled in a randomized study where they may receive alteplase placebo.
3.4.3 Rationale for Control Group
The overall rationale for this trial is to determine whether IV alteplase improves outcomes in patients with mild stroke. The control group (i.e., mild stroke patients who receive standard of care) has been included so that outcomes in the active treatment group can be compared to those who receive standard of care. The control group will receive IV alteplase placebo and 325 mg of oral aspirin. The rationale for the control group receiving aspirin is that it would be unethical to withhold a dose of aspirin from patients who would not be receiving active study drug. The standard of care for patients suffering from AIS who are ineligible for IV alteplase therapy is oral aspirin administered within the first 24 hours after the onset of their stroke symptoms.
3.5 OUTCOME MEASURES
3.5.1 Efficacy Outcome Measures
The primary efficacy outcome measure for this study is:
A favorable functional outcome, defined by an mRS score of 0 or 1 at Day 90 post-randomization
All mRS assessments will be made by investigators blinded to treatment assignment who are trained and certified in mRS administration.
The secondary efficacy outcomes are measured at Day 90 and listed below:
Ordinal mRS
Global favorable recovery (Global Outcome Measure derived from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, BI , and GOS =1)
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
3.5.2 Safety Outcome Measures
The safety outcome measures for this study are as follows:
Incidence of sICH within 36 hours (primary safety assessment)
sICH is defined as any neurological decline attributed to new ICH seen on imaging by the investigator. New ICH seen on imaging will be later confirmed on independent reading by blinded central study radiologists.
Any ICH within 36 hours
Overall mortality within 90 days
Stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all AEs and SAEs
Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
In this study, an ICH is considered symptomatic if it is not seen on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at baseline and any neurologic decline is attributed to it by the local investigator. To detect intracranial hemorrhage, neuroimaging (CT or MRI) scan is required at 22 to 36 hours. Additional neuroimaging should be performed at any time based on the investigator's discretion that clinical findings suggested hemorrhage. Details on MRI types are described in Section 4.5.1.6.
Intracranial hemorrhage events will include classifications of intracerebral hemorrhage (hemorrhagic infarct type 1 or type 2, parenchymal hematoma type 1 or type 2, or remote intraparenchymal hemorrhage type 1 or type 2). Descriptions of each type of intracerebral hemorrhage are shown in the table below. Additionally, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, or epidural hemorrhage should be noted.
Table 3 Intracerebral Hemorrhage Definitions
Type
Description
HI type 1
Small petechiae along margin of infarct
HI type 2
More confluent petechiae within the infarcted area but without spaceoccupying effect
PH type 1
Hematoma in of the infarcted area with some slight space-occupying effect
PH type 2
Dense hematoma total of the infarcted area with substantial spaceoccupying effect or any hemorrhagic area outside the infarcted area
rPH type 1
Small or medium sized blood clots located remote from the actual infarct; a mild space-occupying effect could be present. Remote primary intracerebral hemorrhage
rPH type 2
Large confluent dense blood clots in an area remote from the actual infarct; substantial space-occupying effect might be present.
The exploratory outcome measures for this study are as follows:
NIHSS at Day 90
Instrumental activities of daily living, as measured by the BI at Day 90
GOS at Day 90
Stroke recurrence (based on AE monitoring) within 90 days
Cognition and behavior (modified 30 -minute battery: Controlled Oral Word Association test; Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R] trials 1, 2, and 3; digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III [WAIS III]; Forward and Backward Digit Span test; Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test, form V; HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition; semantic fluency [Animal Naming test]; Boston Naming Test [BNT 15-item short form]) at Day 90
Ambulatory performance (as measured by walking speed) at Day 90
Depression (CES-D score) at Day 90
Quality of life (EQ-5D questionnaire) at Day 90
SIS-16 at Day 90
4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.1 PATIENTS
This study will include adult patients with AIS.
4.1.1 Inclusion Criteria
Patients must meet the following criteria for study entry:
Age years (no upper age limit)
Mild ischemic stroke defined as the most recent pre-treatment NIHSS score of and determined to be not clearly disabling by the investigator. This includes patients with persistently mild deficits as well as those who improve to a pre-treatment NIHSS score (also known as RISS).
Study treatment can be initiated within 3 hours of last known well time without stroke symptoms (i.e., last seen normal).
Signed informed consent prior to initiation of any study-specific procedure or treatment. The patient or the patient's legally authorized representative must be able to provide written informed consent and understand the potential risks and benefits from study enrollment and treatment.
4.1.2 Exclusion Criteria
Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry:
CT or MRI findings consisting of one of the following:
CT with clear large hypodensity that is greater than one-third middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory),
MRI with clear large hyperintensity on concurrent diffusion-weighted (DW) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) that is greater than one-third MCA territory (or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory),
Imaging lesion consistent with acute hemorrhage of any degree, OR
Evidence of intraparenchymal tumor
Disability prior to the presenting stroke (historical score )
Standard contraindications to IV alteplase for patients treated within 3 hours of symptom onset, including:
Head trauma or previous stroke within the previous 3 months
Myocardial infarction within the previous 3 months
Gastrointestinal or urinary tract hemorrhage within the previous 21 days
Major surgery within the previous 14 days
Arterial puncture at a non-compressible site within the previous 7 days
Any history of ICH with the exception of chronic microbleeds on MRI
Elevated blood pressure (systolic or diastolic ), or the use of aggressive measures (use of more than two intravenous agents to lower blood pressure) to achieve blood pressure within acceptable parameters
Treatment with unfractionated heparin within the last 48 hours and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Blood glucose
International normalized ratio (INR) (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Platelet count of (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (including novel oral anticoagulants [e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban]) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin (e.g., dalteparin, enoxaparin) within the last 48 hours
Allergic reactions to study drug or aspirin
Females of childbearing age who are known to be pregnant and/or lactating, or who have a positive pregnancy test on admission
Inability to swallow, which would prevent oral intake of aspirin or aspirin placebo tablet
Other serious, advanced, or terminal illness that would confound the clinical outcome at 90 days
Current or recent (within 3 months) participation in another investigational drug treatment protocol
Anticipated inability to obtain 3 -month follow-up assessments
Previous enrollment in PRISMS
Any other condition that the investigator feels would pose a significant hazard to the patient if treatment with alteplase is initiated
4.2 METHOD OF TREATMENT ASSIGNMENT AND BLINDING
Step Forward Randomization
Due to the emergency nature of randomization in acute stroke clinical trials, treatment assignments must be made in an expeditious manner that also ensures even distribution in the treatment groups. A step forward randomization process will be used to ensure that a randomized treatment assignment is available upon patients' arrival at the hospital and treatment can initiate immediately upon signing the informed consent and eligibility confirmation. This procedure will be implemented using an Interactive Web Response System (IWRS) where study sites enter identification (ID) information of a patient AFTER he/she is treated (within 8 hours of initiation of the patient's study treatment). The IWRS will then assign drug kit IDs for the next patient that becomes eligible at that site. The pharmacist will prepare "Use Next" labels and place them on the appropriate study drug kits based on the drug kit IDs via IWRS. When the next potentially eligible patient is identified, the investigator (or designee) will notify the pharmacist (or designee) to begin pre-mixing study drug from the alteplase/alteplase-placebo drug kit. Pre-mixing may occur prior to signing informed consent but should be performed after key eligibility criteria (e.g., NIHSS and not clearly disabling, study drug initiation will occur within 3 hours of time last known well, CT/MRI negative for ICH) to minimize drug wastage. Study drug bolus will be administered after confirming that all eligibility criteria have been met and informed consent signed, and this will indicate enrollment in the trial. This approach will ensure minimal delays to treatment. Following study drug administration (within 8 hours), the study site should enter the patient's ID, including date of birth, patient initials, screening ID, and confirm drug kit IDs from the kits with which the patient is treated. Once this information is entered into IWRS, it will result in two actions:
IWRS will assign a patient ID to the currently treated patient, which will be correlated to the drug kit ID previously labeled as "Use Next," via the randomization visit record.
IWRS will assign a new pair of drug kit IDs for the next patient that becomes eligible at that site to be labeled as "Use Next."
In the case when pre-mixed IV drug is not used (e.g., patient is determined to be ineligible for study or declines informed consent prior to drug administration), sites will
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enter drug kit IDs into IWRS and indicate that the kits were not used. IWRS will then assign a new set of drug kit IDs for the pharmacist to label with "Use Next" labels. The pharmacist will properly dispose of the pre-mixed IV drug and the matching aspirin/aspirin-placebo kit in accordance with institutional guidelines.
Prior to the first patient enrolled at a site, a site will register with IWRS as part of site activation, which will assign drug kit IDs ahead of time for the first potential patient. Once the first patient is enrolled at a site, the procedure described above will commence.
Study Unblinding
If a clinical situation arises in which the investigator thinks it is necessary to unblind in the interest of patient safety, the Medical Monitor must be notified immediately to discuss the intended unblinding. Unblinding should occur only in settings where identification of the study treatment is critical for treatment decisions. IWRS will be used for the unblinding process. All unblinded patients will remain in the study and require all follow-up visits.
If the investigator wishes to know the identity of the study drug for any other reason, he or she must contact the Medical Monitor. Treatment codes should not be broken except under circumstances deemed necessary by the site investigator. The investigator should document and provide an explanation for any premature unblinding (e.g., unblinding due to sICH or severe systemic bleeding that requires blood products if IV alteplase was administered, or unblinding due to clinical worsening during the IV alteplase time window that would lead to IV alteplase administration if not already given).
For regulatory reporting purposes, and if required by local health authorities, the Sponsor will break the treatment code for all serious, unexpected suspected adverse reactions (see Section 5.7) that are considered by the investigator or Sponsor to be related to study drug.
4.3 STUDY TREATMENT
4.3.1 Formulation, Packaging, and Handling
4.3.1.1 Alteplase
Alteplase is a single polypeptide containing 527 amino acids; it has three carbohydrate side chains and is predominantly one-chain t-PA. It is a recombinant protein produced in a continuous mammalian tissue culture system and is purified by a series of chromatographic steps. The manufacturing process includes fermentation with use of the antibiotic gentamicin; however, the presence of the antibiotic is not detectable in the final product.
Alteplase is a sterile, white to pale yellow, lyophilized powder for IV administration after reconstitution with sterile water for injection (SWFI), USP, without preservatives. Phosphoric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may be used prior to lyophilization for
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pH adjustment. Biologic potency is determined by an in vitro clot lysis assay and is expressed in international units (IU) as tested against the World Health Organization (WHO) standard.
Each 50-mg vial of Activase contains 50 mg of alteplase, 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80 , and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
Each kit will contain 2 vials of of alteplase labeled for "clinical trial use only."
Vials of alteplase must be stored at and protected from light.
4.3.1.2 Alteplase Placebo
Alteplase placebo is the same formulation as the active without the alteplase protein. Each 50-cc vial contains 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80, and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
Each kit will contain 2 vials of 50 mg of alteplase placebo labeled for "clinical trial use only."
Alteplase placebo vials should be stored at and protected from light.
4.3.1.3 Aspirin
Aspirin ( 325 mg ) will be packaged for the study. Each kit will contain one bottle, which has 100 tablets labeled for "clinical trial use only." Only one tablet will be administered to the patient, and the remainder of the bottle will be kept at the site for drug accountability.
Aspirin tablets should be stored at with excursions permitted between .
4.3.1.4 Aspirin Placebo
Aspirin placebo will be identical in appearance to active aspirin to maintain treatment blinding. Each bottle of aspirin placebo contains 100 tablets labeled for "clinical trial use only." Only one tablet will be administered to the patient, and the remainder of the bottle will be kept at the site for drug accountability.
Placebo tablets should be stored in the same manner as aspirin tablets: with excursions permitted between .
4.3.2 Dosage, Administration, and Compliance
4.3.2.1 Alteplase
For AIS, the recommended dose is infused over 60 minutes with of the total dose administered as an initial IV bolus over 1 minute. The total dose should not exceed 90 mg .
Because alteplase and alteplase placebo contain no antibacterial preservatives, vials should be reconstituted immediately before use by adding 50 mL of SWFI, USP, to the vial; this yields a concentration of . Using aseptic technique, direct the flow of SWFI directly into the lyophilized cake of study drug. It is recommended that an gauge needle be used for the reconstitution of the vial. Once reconstituted, gently swirl the vial. Do not shake. Slight foaming upon reconstitution is not unusual; allowing the vial to stand undisturbed for several minutes is usually sufficient to allow dissipation of any large bubbles. Before further dilution or administration, the product should be visually inspected for particulate matter and discoloration. If a precipitate is seen, the product should not be used.
After reconstitution, alteplase should be administered at . As an alternative, the reconstituted solution may be diluted further immediately before administration in an equal volume of sodium chloride injection, USP, or dextrose injection, USP, to yield a concentration of . The osmolality of this solution is approximately . Polyvinyl chloride bags, glass bottles, or polypropylene syringes are acceptable. Do not use filter needles for infusion. Alteplase is stable for up to 8 hours in these solutions at room temperature. Exposure to light has no effect on the stability of these solutions. Excessive agitation during dilution should be avoided; mixing should be accomplished with gentle swirling and/or slow inversion.
No other medication should be added to infusion solutions containing alteplase. Any unused infusion solution should be discarded.
See Appendix 2 (Alteplase Administration) and Appendix 3 (Reconstitution of Vials) for further details.
All investigational medicinal products (IMPs) required for completion of this study will be provided by the Sponsor where required by local health authority regulations. The investigational site will acknowledge receipt of IMPs using the IWRS to confirm the shipment condition and content. Any damaged shipments will be replaced.
IMPs will either be disposed of at the study site according to the study site's institutional standard operating procedure or returned to the Sponsor with the appropriate documentation. The site's method of IMP destruction must be agreed to by the Sponsor. The site must obtain written authorization from the Sponsor before any IMP is destroyed, and IMP destruction must be documented on the appropriate form.
Accurate records of all IMPs received, dispensed, returned, and disposed of by the study site should be recorded on the Drug Inventory Log.
4.3.4 Investigational Medicinal Product
4.3.4.1 Alteplase and Placebo
Test Product
Patients randomized to the active arm will receive treatment with of IV alteplase (maximum 90 mg ) per standard stroke dosing.
Comparator
Patients randomized to the placebo arm will receive IV alteplase placebo consisting of 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80, and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
4.3.4.2 Non-investigational Medicinal Products
Comparator
To maintain standard medical care, patients randomized to the IV alteplase placebo arm will receive 325 mg of oral aspirin at the same time that they receive IV alteplase placebo.
Comparator
Patients in the IV alteplase active arm will receive an oral aspirin placebo tablet at the same time they receive IV alteplase. The placebo will be identical in appearance to active aspirin to maintain treatment blinding.
4.3.5 Post-Trial Access to Alteplase
The Sponsor does not intend to provide alteplase, any investigational or non-investigational products (specified in this protocol), or any other study interventions to patients after the conclusion of the study or to patients who are withdrawn earlier.
4.4 CONCOMITANT THERAPY
4.4.1 Permitted Therapy
Concomitant therapy includes any medication (e.g., prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, herbal or homeopathic remedies, nutritional supplements) used by a patient from 7 days prior to screening to the study completion/discontinuation visit. All concomitant medications should be reported to the investigator and recorded on the Concomitant Medications electronic Case Report Form (eCRF).
4.4.2 Prohibited Therapy
Available endovascular therapies have not demonstrated clinical efficacy in definitive trials to date and therefore are not permitted.
As indicated in the exclusion criteria, use of the following therapies is prohibited prior to the study:
Treatment with unfractionated heparin within the last 48 hours and aPTT outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (including novel oral anticoagulants [e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban]) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin (e.g., dalteparin, enoxaparin) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with warfarin and INR (Note: INR does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
The above lists of medications are not necessarily comprehensive. The investigator should contact the Medical Monitor if questions arise regarding medications not listed above. For further reference about drug interaction guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as a list of common cytochrome P450 interactions, the following resources are available online: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/ Guidances/UCM292362.pdf http://medicine.iupui.edu/clinpharm/ddis/table.aspx
4.5 STUDY ASSESSMENTS
Please see Appendix 1 for the schedule of assessments performed during the study.
4.5.1 Description of Study Assessments
4.5.1.1 Informed Consent Forms and Screening Log
Written informed consent for participation in the study must be obtained before treatment. All screening evaluations must be completed and reviewed to confirm that patients meet all eligibility criteria before treatment. The investigator will maintain a screening log of all patients arriving in the Emergency Department within 2.5 hours of onset of ischemic stroke who have an initial NIHSS score of . The investigator will record details of all patients not enrolled despite early arrival and record reasons for non-enrollment.
4.5.1.2 Medical History and Demographic Data
Medical history includes clinically significant diseases, such as stroke history and smoking history, use of alcohol and drugs of abuse, and all medications (e.g., prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, herbal or homeopathic remedies nutritional supplements) used by the patient within 7 days prior to the screening visit, and history of allergy to any food or medication.
Demographic data will include date of birth, sex, and self-reported race/ethnicity.
4.5.1.3 Neurological Examinations
A partial neurological examination is to be performed for each patient. The NIHSS will be a component of this neurological examination and will be performed only by practitioners who are certified to perform an NIHSS assessment. Changes from baseline should be recorded in patient notes. Additional or supplemental neurological
exams will also be performed, including assessment of mental status, cranial nerves, motor function, and coordination.
4.5.1.4 Vital Signs
Vital signs will include measurements of pulse and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (while patient is in a supine position).
4.5.1.5 Laboratory Assessments
Specimens for the following laboratory tests will be sent to the study site's local laboratory for analysis:
Complete blood count without differential
Serum glucose
Coagulation (INR, aPTT)
Pregnancy test (serum or urine) for women of childbearing potential including those who have had a tubal ligation
The following laboratory test values will be reported in the eCRFs:
Complete blood count without differential
Serum glucose
Coagulation values (INR, aPTT)
Pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential including those who have had a tubal ligation
For sampling procedures, storage conditions, and shipment instructions, see the site's local laboratory manual.
4.5.1.6 Other Disease-Specific Assessments
Neuroimaging may consist of a non-contrast CT or MRI of the brain. If an MRI is used in the acute setting (to determine study eligibility), it must include the following at a minimum: (1) DW MRI, (2) either susceptibility-weighted (SW) imaging or gradient echo (GRE) sequences, and (3) FLAIR sequences.
Non-contrast CT or MRI will be performed at baseline to ensure that the patient does not have evidence of acute ICH prior to study drug administration.
An additional non-contrast CT or MRI will be performed at 22 to 36 hours from the initiation (bolus) of study drug infusion. The purpose of this is to evaluate for ICH in the patient. An NIHSS should be performed at the time this CT scan or MRI is performed, but prior to reviewing imaging results to avoid biasing the assessment. If an MRI is performed, in addition to the above requirements for the baseline visit MRI, it must also include T1 and T2 sequences.
Additional CT scans or MRIs should be performed based on the investigator's discretion, or if any clinical findings suggest ICH (such as new headache, nausea, vomiting, significant deterioration of neurological status, or rapid increase of blood pressure). If an ICH is identified, the NIHSS score should be reassessed at the time and recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
CT scans or MRIs performed at baseline, between 22 to 36 hours, and additional imaging performed due to clinical suspicion of deterioration up until 36 hours after study drug administration, will be evaluated by a central team of radiologists blinded to the clinical attributes of the case. These images will need to be sent to the central radiologists by the local site.
4.5.2 Patient-Reported Outcomes
Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) data will be elicited from the patients in this study to more fully characterize the clinical profile of alteplase in this patient population. The PRO questionnaires will be distributed by the investigator staff and completed in their entirety by the patient or their surrogate.
This study will assess the impact of alteplase treatment on health-related quality of life, physical function, daily functioning, and symptoms of depression.
Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the EQ-5D (Appendix 4). The EQ-5D is a generic, preference-based health utility measure with questions about mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression that are used to build a composite of the patient's health status.
Physical functioning will be evaluated using the SIS-16 (Appendix 5), which is a validated, stroke-specific, quality of life measure to assess the impact of stroke on a patient's health and life.
The CES-D (Appendix 6) will be used to evaluate the proportion of patients with depressive symptoms (defined as a score of at 90 days).
The EQ-5D, SIS-16, and CES-D will be provided in Spanish for those patients requiring translations.
AE reports will not be derived from PRO data by the Sponsor. However, any PRO responses suggestive of a possible AE identified during site review of the PRO data should be reported as outlined in Section 5.3.3.11.
4.6 TIMING OF STUDY ASSESSMENTS
4.6.1 Screening/Baseline (Visit 1)
The following standard of care assessments performed prior to obtaining informed consent will be used in the screening process. Once consent is obtained, the results of the standard of care assessments may be used for the study.
Medical history
Demographics
Neurological examination
Vital signs
Complete blood count without differential
Coagulation status
Pregnancy test (serum or urine)
Serum blood glucose
Non-contrast CT scan or MRI, including DW MRI, either SW or GRE, and FLAIR images
NIHSS score (Note: This must be performed by an NIHSS-certified practitioner; see Appendix 7)
Concomitant medications
All screening evaluations with the exception of certain laboratory results (e.g., coagulation and complete blood count) must be completed and reviewed to confirm that patients have met all eligibility criteria prior to treatment. Serum glucose is required to confirm eligibility prior to enrollment; however, if the investigator feels there is clinical suspicion that would be related to an exclusion laboratory test that would preclude the patient from eligibility, the results of those laboratory tests must be obtained prior to treatment.
The investigator will maintain a screening log to record details of all patients consented to confirm eligibility or record reasons for screening failure, as applicable.
4.6.2 Visit 2 (22 to Hours after Treatment Initiation)
A non-contrast cranial CT or MRI (including DW MRI, either SW or GRE, FLAIR, and T1 and T2 sequences) will be performed at 22 to 36 hours after treatment with study drug has been initiated (bolus). Either a CT scan or MRI may be performed, as consistent with the institutional standard of care; the main criterion is to perform radiographic imaging of the brain by a modality sensitive to the presence of blood. An NIHSS will also be performed during this visit, but prior to review of the imaging results (or by an
investigator blinded to the results). AEs and concomitant medications will also be assessed at this visit.
4.6.3 Visit 3 (Day 5 or Discharge from Hospital, if Sooner than Day 5)
On Day 5 (or discharge from hospital, if sooner than Day 5), NIHSS score, stroke etiology, AEs, and concomitant medications will be collected. Discharge location will be collected at the time of hospital discharge.
4.6.4 Visit 4 (Day Days)
A phone call to the patient or caregiver will be made at Day 30 and an mRS will be assessed (see Appendix 8). AEs, concomitant medications, and patient survival will be assessed during this phone visit. Pregnancy will also be assessed for female patients of childbearing potential.
4.6.5 Visit 5 (Day Days]/Study Completion)
Primary and secondary efficacy endpoints, as well as all exploratory endpoints, will be assessed at Day 90 with the patient. The following assessments will be performed:
NIHSS score (Appendix 7)
Patient survival
mRS (Appendix 8 )
GOS (Appendix 9)
BI (Appendix 10)
EQ-5D (Appendix 4)
SIS-16 (Appendix 5)
CES-D (Appendix 6)
Cognitive assessments (Appendix 11)
Controlled Oral Word Association test
HVLT-R trials 1, 2, and 3
Digit symbol coding from the WAIS III
Forward and Backward Digit Span test
Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test, form V
HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition
Animal Naming test
BNT 15-item short form
The above cognitive assessments will be provided in Spanish for those patients requiring translations with the exception of the BNT 15-item short form.
Walking speed (Appendix 12)
Concomitant medications
SAEs and certain AEs (See Section 5.3.1)
4.6.6 Early Discontinuation
Concomitant medication, AEs, and patient survival will be assessed via a phone call, if possible.
4.7 PATIENT, TREATMENT, STUDY, AND SITE DISCONTINUATION
4.7.1 Patient Discontinuation
Patients have the right to voluntarily withdraw from the study at any time and for any reason. In addition, the investigator has the right to withdraw a patient from the study at any time. Reasons for withdrawal from the study may include, but are not limited to, the following:
Patient withdrawal of consent at any time
Any medical condition that the investigator or Sponsor determines may jeopardize the patient's safety if he or she continues in the study
Investigator or Sponsor determines it is in the best interest of the patient
Patient non-compliance, specifically defined as unwillingness to participate in a 3-month assessment of neurological status and function
Every effort should be made to obtain information on patients who withdraw from the study. The primary reason for withdrawal from the study should be documented on the appropriate eCRF. However, patients will not be followed for any reason after consent has been withdrawn. Patients who withdraw from the study will not be replaced.
4.7.2 Study Treatment Discontinuation
The study intervention should be discontinued if the patient displays symptoms concerning sICH during the infusion of the study drug. Prompt imaging should be done to assess for ICH. If ICH is seen, study drug infusion should not be resumed and the treatment assignment may be unblinded if blood products (to reverse the biological activity of IV alteplase) are indicated. If ICH is not seen, study drug infusion should immediately be restarted up to 5.5 hours after the last known well time at the same rate as the previous infusion until the remainder of study drug is infused.
Patients must discontinue study treatment if they experience any of the following:
Anaphylactoid reaction (including angioedema)
Serious bleeding (not controllable by local pressure) at puncture site or serious bleeding in a critical location (e.g., intracranial, gastrointestinal, retroperitoneal, pericardial)
The primary reason for study treatment discontinuation should be documented on the appropriate eCRF. Patients who discontinue study treatment prematurely will not be replaced. Patients who discontinue study treatment prematurely will continue in the study and be followed through Day 90, based on the intent-to-treat (ITT) principle.
4.7.3 Study and Site Discontinuation
The Sponsor has the right to terminate this study at any time. The Sponsor will notify the investigator if the Sponsor decides to discontinue the study. Reasons for terminating the study may include, but are not limited to, the following:
The incidence or severity of AEs in this or other studies indicates a potential health hazard to patients.
Patient enrollment is unsatisfactory
A pre-specified boundary at the interim analysis was crossed
The Sponsor has the right to close a site at any time. Reasons for closing a site may include, but are not limited to, the following:
Excessively slow recruitment
Poor protocol adherence
Inaccurate or incomplete data recording
Non-compliance with the International Conference on Harmonisation guideline for Good Clinical Practice
No study activity (i.e., all patients have completed study assessments and all obligations have been fulfilled)
5. ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY
5.1 SAFETY PLAN
The safety profile of alteplase across indications is generally well established. The principal adverse reactions to alteplase are bleeding and allergic reactions.
5.1.1 Risk of Bleeding
Bleeding is the most frequent adverse reaction associated with alteplase in all approved indications, including AIS. This may be either superficial from punctures or damaged blood vessels or internal bleeding at any site or body cavity. Bleeding may result in life-threatening situations, permanent disability, or death.
The incidence of ICH, especially symptomatic ICH, in patients with AIS is higher in alteplase-treated patients than placebo-treated patients in published studies (for detailed information, see the alteplase USPI).
Management of Bleeding
Patients will be excluded for the presence of conditions related to risks of bleeding (as outlined in Section 4.1.2, Exclusion Criteria). A non-contrast cranial CT or MRI (including either SW or GRE to detect ICH) should be performed at baseline to ensure that the patient does not have evidence of ICH prior to study drug administration.
Fibrin, which is part of the hemostatic plug formed at needle puncture sites, may be lysed during alteplase therapy. Therefore, alteplase therapy requires careful attention to potential bleeding sites, e.g., catheter-insertion sites and arterial-puncture sites. Arterial and venous punctures should be minimized. Non-compressible arterial, as well as internal jugular and subclavian venous punctures, should be avoided to minimize bleeding from non-compressible sites. In the event of serious bleeding (not controllable by local pressure) or occurring in a critical location (intracranial, gastrointestinal, retroperitoneal, or pericardial), study drug should be discontinued immediately. Supportive care and medical management of AEs are at the discretion of the investigator.
5.1.2 Risk of Allergic Reactions
Allergic-type reactions, e.g., anaphylactoid reaction, laryngeal edema, orolingual angioedema, rash, and urticaria, have been reported. When such reactions occur, they usually respond to conventional therapy.
There have been postmarketing reports of orolingual angioedema associated with the use of alteplase. Most were patients treated for AIS. Many of these patients received concomitant angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and most cases resolved with prompt treatment.
Management of Allergic Reaction
If an anaphylactic reaction occurs, the infusion of study drug should be discontinued immediately and appropriate therapy should be promptly instituted.
5.2 SAFETY PARAMETERS AND DEFINITIONS
Safety assessments will consist of monitoring and recording AEs, including SAEs and non-serious adverse events of special interest (AESIs), measurement of protocol-specified vital signs, and other protocol-specified tests that are deemed critical to the safety evaluation of the study.
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Certain types of events require immediate reporting to the Sponsor, as outlined in Sections 5.2.2 and 5.2.3.
5.2.1 Adverse Events
According to the International Conference on Harmonisation guideline for Good Clinical Practice, an AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation patient administered a pharmaceutical product, regardless of causal attribution. An AE can therefore be any of the following:
Any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product
Any new disease or exacerbation of an existing disease (a worsening in the character, frequency, or severity of a known condition), except as described in Section 5.3.3.9
Recurrence of an intermittent medical condition (e.g., headache) not present at baseline
Any deterioration in a laboratory value or other clinical test (e.g., electrocardiogram, X-ray) that is associated with symptoms or leads to a change in study treatment or concomitant treatment or discontinuation from study drug
5.2.2 Serious Adverse Events (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor)
An SAE is any AE that meets any of the following criteria:
Fatal (i.e., the AE actually causes or leads to death)
Life-threatening (i.e., the AE , in the view of the investigator, places the patient at immediate risk of death)
This does not include any AE that, had it occurred in a more severe form or was allowed to continue, might have caused death.
Requires or prolongs inpatient hospitalization (see Section 5.3.3.9)
Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity (i.e., the AE results in substantial disruption of the patient's ability to conduct normal life functions)
Congenital anomaly/birth defect in a neonate/infant born to a mother exposed to study drug
Significant medical event in the investigator's judgment (e.g., may jeopardize the patient or may require medical/surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed above)
The terms "severe" and "serious" are not synonymous. Severity refers to the intensity of an adverse event (rated as mild, moderate, or severe); the event itself may be of relatively minor medical significance (such as severe headache). "Serious" is a regulatory definition and is based on patient or event outcome or action criteria usually
associated with events that pose a threat to a patient's life or vital functions. Seriousness (not severity) serves as the guide for defining regulatory reporting obligations.
Severity and seriousness need to be independently assessed for each AE recorded on the eCRF .
SAEs are required to be reported by the investigator to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4 for reporting instructions).
5.2.3 Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor)
Non-serious AESIs are required to be reported by the investigator to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4.2 for reporting instructions). AESIs for this study include the following:
sICH events, if not already reported as an SAE (for a list of preferred terms for ICH see Appendix 13)
Stroke recurrence: report if the resulted in a substantial disruption of a person's ability to conduct normal life functions (i.e., the AE resulted in a significant, persistent, or permanent change; impairment; or damage or disruption in the patient's body function/structure, physical activities, and/or quality of life.
In addition, Suspected Transmission of an Infectious Agent via a Medicinal Product (STIAMP) by the study drug in a Genentech-sponsored trial qualifies as an AESI and requires immediate reporting to the Sponsor.
5.3 METHODS AND TIMING FOR CAPTURING AND ASSESSING SAFETY PARAMETERS
The investigator is responsible for ensuring that all AEs (see Section 5.2.1 for definition) are recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF and reported to the Sponsor in accordance with instructions provided in this section and in Sections 5.4-5.6.
For each AE recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF, the investigator will make an assessment of seriousness (see Section 5.2.2 for seriousness criteria), severity (see Section 5.3.2), and causality (see Section 5.3.3).
5.3.1 Adverse Event Reporting Period
Investigators will seek information on AEs at each patient contact. All AEs, whether reported by the patient or noted by study personnel, will be recorded in the patient's medical record and on the Adverse Event eCRF.
After initiation of study drug, all AEs (including serious and non-serious AEs), regardless of relationship to study drug, will be reported until 30 days after administration of study drug.
After 30 days until 90 days after administration of study drug, the following AEs should be record on the AE CRF:
All SAEs
Non-serious ICHs
Non-serious AESIs
All AEs that resulted in withdrawal from the study
All SAEs and non-serious AESIs require immediate reporting to the Sponsor (see Section 5.4).
After 90 days, the investigator is not required to actively monitor patients for ; however, the Sponsor should be notified if the investigator becomes aware of any post-study SAEs (see Section 5.6).
5.3.2 Assessment of Severity of Adverse Events
The WHO toxicity grading scale (see Appendix 14) will be used for assessing adverse event severity. Table 4 will be used for assessing severity for adverse events that are not specifically listed in the WHO toxicity grading scale.
Table 4 Adverse Event Severity Grading Scale
Grade
Severity
1
Mild; transient or mild discomfort (<48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required
2
Moderate; mild to moderate limitation in activity; some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required
3
Severe; marked limitation in activity; some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required; hospitalization possible
4
Life-threatening; extreme limitation in activity; significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable
Notes: Developed by the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
Regardless of severity, some events may also meet seriousness criteria. Refer to definition of a serious adverse event (see Section 5.2.2).
5.3.3 Assessment of Causality of Adverse Events
Investigators should use their knowledge of the patient, the circumstances surrounding the event, and an evaluation of any potential alternative causes to determine whether or not an AE is considered to be related to the study drug, indicating "yes" or "no" accordingly. The following guidance should be taken into consideration (see also Table 5):
Temporal relationship of event onset to the initiation of study drug
Course of the event, considering especially the effects of dose reduction, discontinuation of study drug, or reintroduction of study drug (as applicable)
Known association of the event with the study drug or with similar treatments
Known association of the event with the disease under study
Presence of risk factors in the patient or use of concomitant medications known to increase the occurrence of the event
Presence of non-treatment-related factors that are known to be associated with the occurrence of the event
Table 5 Causal Attribution Guidance
Is the adverse event suspected to be caused by the study drug on the basis of facts, evidence, science-based rationales, and clinical judgment?
YES There is a plausible temporal relationship between the onset of the adverse event and administration of the study drug, and the adverse event cannot be readily explained by the patient's clinical state, intercurrent illness, or concomitant therapies; and/or the adverse event follows a known pattern of response to the study drug; and/or the adverse event abates or resolves upon discontinuation of the study drug or dose reduction and, if applicable, reappears upon re-challenge.
NO Adverse events will be considered related, unless they fulfill the criteria as specified below.
Evidence exists that the adverse event has an etiology other than the study drug (e.g., preexisting medical condition, underlying disease, intercurrent illness, or concomitant medication); and/or the adverse event has no plausible temporal relationship to administration of the study drug (e.g., cancer diagnosed 2 days after first dose of study drug).
5.3.3.1 Diagnosis versus Signs and Symptoms
A diagnosis (if known) should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF rather than individual signs and symptoms (e.g., record only liver failure or hepatitis rather than jaundice, asterixis, and elevated transaminases). However, if a constellation of signs and/or symptoms cannot be medically characterized as a single diagnosis or syndrome at the time of reporting, each individual event should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. If a diagnosis is subsequently established, all previously reported AEs based on signs and symptoms should be nullified and replaced by one AE report based on the single diagnosis, with a starting date that corresponds to the starting date of the first symptom of the eventual diagnosis.
5.3.3.2 Adverse Events Occurring Secondary to Other Events
In general, AEs occurring secondary to other events (e.g., cascade events or clinical sequelae) should be identified by their primary cause, with the exception of severe or serious secondary events. However, medically significant AEs occurring secondary to an initiating event that are separated in time should be recorded as independent events on the Adverse Event eCRF. For example:
If vomiting results in mild dehydration with no additional treatment in a healthy adult, only vomiting should be reported on the eCRF.
If vomiting results in severe dehydration, both events should be reported separately on the eCRF .
If a severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage leads to renal failure, both events should be reported separately on the eCRF.
If dizziness leads to a fall and consequent fracture, all three events should be reported separately on the eCRF.
If neutropenia is accompanied by an infection, both events should be reported separately on the eCRF.
All AEs should be recorded separately on the Adverse Event eCRF if it is unclear as to whether the events are associated.
5.3.3.3 Persistent or Recurrent Adverse Events
A persistent AE is one that extends continuously, without resolution, between patient evaluation timepoints. Such events should only be recorded once on the Adverse Event eCRF. The initial severity of the event should be recorded, and the severity should be updated to reflect the most extreme severity any time the event worsens. If the event becomes serious, the Adverse Event eCRF should be updated to reflect this. recurrent is one that resolves between patient evaluation timepoints and subsequently recurs. Each recurrence of an AE should be recorded separately on the Adverse Event eCRF.
5.3.3.4 Abnormal Laboratory Values
Not every laboratory abnormality qualifies as an AE. A laboratory test result must be reported as an AE if it meets any of the following criteria:
Accompanied by clinical symptoms
Results in a change in study treatment (e.g., dosage modification, treatment interruption, or treatment discontinuation)
Results in a medical intervention (e.g., potassium supplementation for hypokalemia) or a change in concomitant therapy
Clinically significant in the investigator's judgment
It is the investigator's responsibility to review all laboratory findings. Medical and scientific judgment should be exercised in deciding whether an isolated laboratory abnormality should be classified as an AE.
If a clinically significant laboratory abnormality is a sign of a disease or syndrome (e.g., alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin 5 times the upper limit of normal associated with cholestasis), only the diagnosis (i.e., cholestasis) should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
If a clinically significant laboratory abnormality is not a sign of a disease or syndrome, the abnormality itself should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF, along with a descriptor indicating if the test result is above or below the normal range (e.g., "elevated potassium" as opposed to "abnormal potassium"). If the laboratory abnormality can be characterized by a precise clinical term per standard definitions, the clinical term should be recorded as the AE . For example, an elevated serum potassium level of should be recorded as "hyperkalemia."
Observations of the same clinically significant laboratory abnormality from visit to visit should not be repeatedly recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF unless the etiology changes. The initial severity of the event should be recorded, and the severity or seriousness should be updated any time the event worsens.
5.3.3.5 Abnormal Vital Sign Values
Not every vital sign abnormality qualifies as an AE. A vital sign result must be reported as an AE if it meets any of the following criteria:
Accompanied by clinical symptoms
Results in a change in study treatment (e.g., dosage modification, treatment interruption, or treatment discontinuation)
Results in a medical intervention or a change in concomitant therapy
Clinically significant in the investigator's judgment
It is the investigator's responsibility to review all vital sign findings. Medical and scientific judgment should be exercised in deciding whether an isolated vital sign abnormality should be classified as an AE.
If a clinically significant vital sign abnormality is a sign of a disease or syndrome (e.g., high blood pressure), only the diagnosis (i.e., hypertension) should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
Observations of the same clinically significant vital sign abnormality from visit to visit should not be repeatedly recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF unless the etiology changes. The initial severity of the event should be recorded, and the severity or seriousness should be updated any time the event worsens.
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5.3.3.6 Deaths
All deaths that occur during the protocol-specified AE reporting period (Section 5.3.1) regardless of relationship to study drug, must be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF and immediately reported to the Sponsor (see Section 5.2.2). This includes death attributed to progression of AIS.
Death should be considered an outcome and not a distinct event. The event or condition that caused or contributed to the fatal outcome should be recorded as the single medical concept on the Adverse Event eCRF. Generally, only one such event should be reported. The term "sudden death" should only be used for the occurrence of an abrupt and unexpected death due to presumed cardiac causes in a patient with or without preexisting heart disease, within 1 hour of the onset of acute symptoms or, in the case of an unwitnessed death, within 24 hours after the patient was last seen alive and stable. If the cause of death is unknown and cannot be ascertained at the time of reporting, "unexplained death" should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. If the cause of death later becomes available (e.g., after autopsy), "unexplained death" should be replaced by the established cause of death.
If the death is attributed to progression of AIS, "acute ischemic stroke progression" should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
5.3.3.7 Preexisting Medical Conditions
A preexisting medical condition is one that is present at the screening visit for this study. Such conditions should be recorded on the General Medical History and Baseline Conditions eCRF.
A preexisting medical condition should be recorded as an AE only if the frequency, severity, or character of the condition worsens during the study. When recording such events on the Adverse Event eCRF, it is important to convey the concept that the preexisting condition has changed by including applicable descriptors (e.g., more frequent headaches").
5.3.3.8 Lack of Efficacy or Worsening of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Medical occurrences or symptoms of deterioration that are considered part of the disease course or disease process should be recorded as an AE if judged by the investigator to have unexpectedly worsened in severity or frequency or unexpectedly changed in nature at any time during the study. If there is uncertainty, it should be reported as an AE. When recording unexpected worsening of AIS on the Adverse Event eCRF, it is important to convey the concept that the condition has changed by including applicable descriptors of the event.
5.3.3.9 Hospitalization or Prolonged Hospitalization
Any AE that results in hospitalization (i.e., in-patient admission to a hospital) or prolonged hospitalization should be documented and reported as an SAE (per the definition of an SAE in Section 5.2.2), except as outlined below.
The following hospitalization scenarios are not considered to be AEs:
Hospitalization for respite care
Hospitalization for a preexisting condition, provided that all of the following criteria are met:
The hospitalization was planned prior to the study or was scheduled during the study when elective surgery became necessary because of the expected normal progression of the disease.
The patient has not suffered an AE.
5.3.3.10 Adverse Events Associated with an Overdose
An overdose is the accidental or intentional use of a drug in an amount higher than the dose being studied. An overdose or incorrect administration of study treatment is not itself an AE, but it may result in an AE. All AEs associated with an overdose or incorrect administration of study drug should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. If the associated AE fulfills serious criteria, the event should be reported to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4.2).
5.3.3.11 Patient-Reported Outcome Data
AE reports will not be derived from PRO data by the Sponsor, and safety analyses will not be performed using PRO data. However, if any PRO responses suggestive of a possible AE are identified during site review of the PRO data, the investigator will determine whether the criteria for an AE have been met and, if so, will report the event on the Adverse Event eCRF.
5.4 IMMEDIATE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FROM INVESTIGATOR TO SPONSOR
Certain events require immediate reporting to allow the Sponsor to take appropriate measures to address potential new risks in a clinical trial. The investigator must report such events to the Sponsor immediately; under no circumstances should reporting take place more than 24 hours after the investigator learns of the event. The following is a list of events that the investigator must report to the Sponsor within 24 hours after learning of the event, regardless of relationship to study drug:
SAEs
Non-serious AESIs
Pregnancies
The investigator must report new significant follow-up information for these events to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after becoming aware of the information). New significant information includes the following:
New signs or symptoms or a change in the diagnosis
Significant new diagnostic test results
Change in causality based on new information
Change in the event's outcome, including recovery
Additional narrative information on the clinical course of the event
Investigators must also comply with local requirements for reporting SAEs to the local health authority and Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee (IRB/EC).
5.4.1 Emergency Medical Contacts
Medical Monitor Contact Information
PPD Medical Monitor contact information:
Alternate Medical Monitor contact information for all sites:
5.4.2 Reporting Requirements for Serious Adverse Events and Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest
For reports of SAEs and non-serious AESIs, investigators should record all case details that can be gathered immediately (i.e., within 24 hours) on the Adverse Event eCRF and submit the report via the electronic data capture (EDC) system. A report will be generated and sent to the Sponsor's Safety Risk Management department by the EDC system.
In the event that the EDC system is unavailable, a paper Serious Adverse Event Reporting Form and fax cover sheet should be completed and faxed to Safety Risk Management or its designee immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event), using the fax numbers provided below. Once the EDC system is available, all information will need to be entered and submitted via the EDC system.
Female patients of childbearing potential will be instructed to immediately inform the investigator if they become pregnant within days after the last dose of study drug. A Pregnancy Report eCRF should be completed by the investigator immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the pregnancy) and submitted via the EDC system. A pregnancy report will automatically be generated and sent to Safety Risk Management. Pregnancy should not be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. The investigator should counsel the patient, discussing the risks of the pregnancy and the possible effects on the fetus. Monitoring of the patient should continue until conclusion of the pregnancy. Any SAEs associated with the pregnancy (e.g., an event in the fetus, an event in the mother during or after the pregnancy, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the child) should be reported on the Adverse Event eCRF.
In the event that the EDC system is unavailable, a Clinical Trial Pregnancy Reporting Form and fax cover sheet should be completed and faxed to Safety Risk Management or its designee immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the pregnancy), using the fax numbers provided in Section 5.4.2. Once the EDC system is available, all information will need to be entered and submitted via the EDC system.
5.4.3.2 Congenital Anomalies/Birth Defects and Abortions
Any congenital anomaly/birth defect in a child born to a female patient exposed to study drug should be classified as an SAE, recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF, and reported to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4.2). Any spontaneous abortion should be reported in the same fashion (as the Sponsor considers spontaneous abortions to be medically significant events).
5.5 FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS AFTER ADVERSE EVENTS
5.5.1 Investigator Follow-Up
The investigator should follow each AE until the event has resolved to baseline grade or better and is assessed as stable by the investigator, the patient is lost to follow-up, or the patient withdraws consent. Every effort should be made to follow all SAEs considered to be related to study drug or trial-related procedures until a final outcome can be reported.
During the study period, resolution of AEs (with dates) should be documented on the Adverse Event eCRF and in the patient's medical record to facilitate source data verification. If, after follow-up, return to baseline status or stabilization cannot be established, an explanation should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
All pregnancies reported during the study should be followed until pregnancy outcome. If the EDC system is not available at the time of pregnancy outcome, follow reporting instructions provided in Section 5.4.3.
5.5.2 Sponsor Follow-Up
For SAEs, AESIs, and pregnancies, the Sponsor or a designee may follow up by telephone, fax, electronic mail, and/or a monitoring visit to obtain additional case details and outcome information (e.g., from hospital discharge summaries, consultant reports, autopsy reports) in order to perform an independent medical assessment of the reported case.
5.6 POST-STUDY ADVERSE EVENTS
At the time of study completion or study discontinuation, the investigator should instruct each patient to report to the investigator any subsequent AEs that the patient's personal physician believes could be related to prior study drug treatment or study procedures.
The investigator is not required to actively monitor patients for AEs after the end of the AE reporting period (defined as 90 days after administration of study drug). However, the Sponsor should be notified if the investigator becomes aware of any death, development of cancer, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect in a subsequently conceived offspring of a female patient exposed to study drug.
The investigator should report these events directly to Safety Risk Management via telephone at 1-888-835-2555.
5.7 EXPEDITED REPORTING TO HEALTH AUTHORITIES, INVESTIGATORS, INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS, AND ETHICS COMMITTEES
The Sponsor will promptly evaluate all SAEs and non-serious AESI against cumulative product experience to identify and expeditiously communicate possible new safety findings to investigators, IRBs, ECs, and applicable health authorities based on applicable legislation.
To determine reporting requirements for single AE cases, the Sponsor will assess the expectedness of these events using the following reference document:
Alteplase USPI
The Sponsor will compare the severity of each event and the cumulative event frequency reported for the study with the severity and frequency reported in the applicable reference document.
Reporting requirements will also be based on the investigator's assessment of causality and seriousness, with allowance for upgrading by the Sponsor as needed.
6. STATISTICAL METHODS
This study will test whether treatment of patients with mild stroke with IV alteplase will lead to a higher proportion ( absolute difference) of patients with a favorable outcome (mRS of 0 or 1 ) at 90 days.
6.1 DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE
A sample size of 856 is required in order to achieve power in the primary analysis to detect an effect size of absolute difference in the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes between the alteplase and control arms. The above sample size calculation assumes a control proportion of and Type I error probability of 0.025 (one-sided), and uses a group sequential design with one interim analysis for futility (non-binding), based on an O'Brien-Fleming boundary, after 50% of the anticipated sample size have completed the 90-day follow-up assessments. Was used for this sample size calculation.
The ITT principle will be applied to the primary analysis and, therefore, to safeguard against dilution of the treatment effect associated with an approximate non-adherence rate (due to lost to follow-up, consent withdrawal, treatment crossovers, and stroke mimics), the above sample size needs to be inflated by a factor of or 1.108 (Friedman et al. 1998). Therefore, a total sample size of 948 is required for this study.
6.2 PRIMARY ANALYSIS
The primary efficacy analysis will test the hypothesis of superiority of IV alteplase therapy over standard medical care in AIS patients with mild deficits. The primary efficacy outcome is the proportion of patients with a favorable outcome, defined by mRS score of 0 or 1 at 90 days post-randomization. The difference in the proportion of mRS 0-1 responders (favorable outcome) at 90 days post-randomization between the IV alteplase arm and the standard medical care arm will be compared via a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, stratified by pre-treatment NIHSS score (0-2 vs. 3-5), age ( vs. ), and last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours). The primary efficacy analysis will include all randomized patients, with patients grouped according to the treatment assigned at randomization adhering to the ITT principle. As a sensitivity analysis, results from the univariate Pearson's chi-square test will also be presented.
As a supportive, secondary analysis, an ordinal (or "shift") analysis of the distribution of the mRS will be analyzed via proportional odds model if the proportionality assumption holds, and by the Mann-Whitney superiority measure if the proportionality assumption does not hold. The proportionality assumption will be assessed using the score test as well as clinical judgment on the similarities of the different odds ratios. As a secondary efficacy outcome, the global outcome score at days will be analyzed using the global odds ratio test based on the generalized estimating equations analysis (Wald-type
test) with unstructured covariance-correlation matrix. These results will be treated as supportive evidence (or lack thereof) of the treatment effect rather than conclusive evidence. The significance of each test is determined at the two-sided alpha level of 0.05 . The specific statistical model for analyzing each of these outcome measures will be detailed in the Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP).
6.3 SAFETY ANALYSIS
Incidence and severity of AEs will be described for all treated patients by treatment group as received and by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) classification.
Safety outcomes include incidence of sICH within 36 hours (primary safety assessment), any ICH within 36 hours, overall mortality, and stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days of study drug initiation. The cumulative incidences of each outcome will be compared via Fisher's exact test. Mortality will be analyzed by Log-Rank test and the Kaplan-Meier estimates will be plotted over the observation period of 90 days. No alpha adjustment for multiple testing on the safety endpoints is foreseen because those analyses will be exploratory.
6.4 EXPLORATORY ANALYSES
As exploratory analyses, heterogeneity of treatment effect of alteplase will be evaluated by various pre-specified baseline covariates. The primary pre-specified variables and their analytic thresholds are defined by:
Age (<65 vs. )
Pre-treatment NIHSS score (0-2 vs. 3-5)
Last known well time to treatment ( vs. hours)
Stroke subgroup (RISS vs. non-RISS)
Additional heterogeneity analyses will be considered and detailed in the SAP. Forest plots will be constructed to illustrate subgroup analyses. In addition, the two-way interactions of IV alteplase treatment effect with age, NIHSS score, and stroke subgroups (RISS vs. non-RISS) on the primary outcome will be explored through multivariable logistic regression. Additional exploratory analyses will be conducted to explore treatment effects on quality of life endpoints and other exploratory endpoints.
6.5 INTERIM ANALYSIS
One interim analysis of the primary efficacy outcome is planned for clear futility, conducted according to the beta-spending approach (Pampallona et al. 2001) with an O'Brien-Fleming-type boundary. This futility analysis will occur after approximately 50% of patients (or 474) have completed the 90-day assessment.
An independent Data Coordinating Center (iDCC) will be responsible for the preparation and review of unmasked data.
An iDMC will be organized for review of the interim analysis results. The composition of the iDMC and analysis in detail will be documented in a separate iDMC charter.
6.6 MISSING DATA HANDLING
Under the ITT principle, all patients who are randomized will be included in the analysis. The multiple-imputation method will be used for handling missing data, including the last observation (e.g., the Day ) among the variables used in imputation. As supportive analyses, missing primary outcome data will be imputed by 1 ) using last observation carried forward and 2 ) assuming missing outcomes to be unfavorable.
7. DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT
7.1 DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE
The Sponsor will supply eCRF specifications for this study. A contract research organization (CRO) will be responsible for data management of this study, including quality checking of the data. Data entered manually will be collected via EDC using eCRFs. Sites will be responsible for data entry into the EDC system. In the event of discrepant data, the CRO will request data clarification from the sites, which the sites will resolve electronically in the EDC system.
The CRO will produce a Data Quality Plan that describes the quality checking to be performed on the data with the input from the Sponsor. For this study, local laboratories will be used and data will be captured in the EDC system and will then be transferred to the Sponsor. This will include the eCRF data using the Sponsor's standard procedures and processes to transfer data.
The Sponsor will perform oversight of the data management of this study, including approval of the CRO's data management plans and specifications. Data will be transferred electronically from the CRO to the Sponsor, and the Sponsor's standard procedures will be used to handle and process the electronic transfer of these data.
eCRFs and correction documentation will be maintained in the EDC system's audit trail. The EDC vendor has back-ups for data stored, and records retention for the study data will be consistent with the CRO's standard procedures.
Data from paper PRO questionnaires will be entered into the EDC system by site staff.
7.2 ELECTRONIC CASE REPORT FORMS
eCRFs are to be completed using a Sponsor-designated EDC system. Sites will receive training and have eCRF completion guidelines for the eCRF completion. eCRFs will be submitted electronically to the Sponsor and should be handled in accordance with instructions from the Sponsor.
All eCRFs should be completed by designated trained site staff. eCRFs should be reviewed and electronically signed and dated by the investigator or a designee.
At the end of the study, the investigator will receive patient data for his or her site in a readable format on a compact disc that must be kept with the study records. Acknowledgement of receipt of the compact disc is required.
7.3 SOURCE DATA DOCUMENTATION
Study monitors will perform ongoing source data verification to confirm that critical protocol data (e.g., source data) entered into the eCRFs by authorized site personnel are accurate, complete, and verifiable from source documents. Source documents (paper or electronic) are those in which patient data are recorded and documented for the first time. They include, but are not limited to, hospital records, clinical and office charts, laboratory notes, memoranda, patient-reported outcomes, evaluation checklists, pharmacy dispensing records, recorded data from automated instruments, copies of transcriptions that are certified after verification as being accurate and complete, microfiche, photographic negatives, microfilm or magnetic media, X-rays, patient files, and records kept at pharmacies, laboratories, and medico-technical departments involved in a clinical trial.
Before study initiation, the types of source documents that are to be generated will be clearly defined in the Study Trial Monitoring Plan. This includes any protocol data to be entered directly into the eCRFs (i.e., no prior written or electronic record of the data) and considered source data.
Source documents that are required to verify the validity and completeness of data entered into the eCRFs must not be obliterated or destroyed and must be retained per the policy for retention of records described in Section 7.5.
To facilitate source data verification, the investigators and institutions must provide the Sponsor direct access to applicable source documents and reports for trial-related monitoring, Sponsor audits, and IRB/EC review. The investigational site must also allow inspection by applicable health authorities.
7.4 USE OF COMPUTERIZED SYSTEMS
When clinical observations are entered directly into an investigational site's computerized medical record system (i.e., in lieu of original hardcopy records), the electronic record can serve as the source document if the system has been validated in accordance with health authority requirements pertaining to computerized systems used in clinical research. An acceptable computerized data collection system allows preservation of the original entry of data. If original data are modified, the system should maintain a viewable audit trail that shows the original data as well as the reason for the change, name of the person making the change, and date of the change.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
7.5 RETENTION OF RECORDS
Records and documents pertaining to the conduct of this study and the distribution of IMP, including eCRFs, PRO data (if applicable), Informed Consent Forms, laboratory test results, and medication inventory records, must be retained by the Principal Investigator for at least 15 years after completion or discontinuation of the study, or for the length of time required by relevant national or local health authorities, whichever is longer. After that period of time, the documents may be destroyed, subject to local regulations.
No records may be disposed of without the written approval of the Sponsor. Written notification should be provided to the Sponsor prior to transferring any records to another party or moving them to another location.
8. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
8.1 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS
This study will be conducted in full conformance with the International Conference on Harmonisation E6 guideline for Good Clinical Practice and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, or the laws and regulations of the country in which the research is conducted, whichever affords the greater protection to the individual. The study will comply with the requirements of the International Conference on Harmonisation E2A guideline (Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting). Studies conducted in the United States or under a U.S. Investigational New Drug (IND) application will comply with FDA regulations and applicable local, state, and federal laws. Studies conducted in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) will comply with the EU Clinical Trial Directive (2001/20/EC).
8.2 INFORMED CONSENT
The Sponsor's sample Informed Consent Form (and ancillary sample Informed Consent Forms such as a Child's Assent or Caregiver's Informed Consent Form, if applicable) will be provided to each site. If applicable, it will be provided in a certified translation of the local language. The Sponsor or its designee must review and approve any proposed deviations from the Sponsor's sample Informed Consent Forms or any alternate consent forms proposed by the site (collectively, the "Consent Forms") before IRB/EC submission. The final IRB/EC-approved Consent Forms must be provided to the Sponsor for health authority submission purposes according to local requirements.
The Consent Forms should be revised whenever there are changes to study procedures or when new information becomes available that may affect the willingness of the patient to participate. The final revised IRB/EC-approved Consent Forms must be provided to the Sponsor for health authority submission purposes.
Patients must be re-consented to the most current version of the Consent Forms (or to a significant new information/findings addendum in accordance with applicable laws and
IRB/EC policy) during their participation in the study. For any updated or revised Consent Forms, the case history or clinical records for each patient shall document the informed consent process and that written informed consent was obtained using the updated/revised Consent Forms for continued participation in the study.
A copy of each signed Consent Form must be provided to the patient or the patient's legally authorized representative. All signed and dated Consent Forms must remain in each patient's study file or in the site file and must be available for verification by study monitors at any time.
For sites in the U.S., each Consent Form may also include patient authorization to allow use and disclosure of personal health information in compliance with the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). If the site utilizes a separate Authorization Form for patient authorization for use and disclosure of personal health information under the HIPAA regulations, the review, approval, and other processes outlined above apply except that IRB review and approval may not be required per study site policies.
8.3 INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD OR ETHICS COMMITTEE
This protocol, the Informed Consent Forms, any information to be given to the patient, and relevant supporting information must be submitted to the IRB/EC by the Principal Investigator and reviewed and approved by the IRB/EC before the study is initiated. In addition, any patient recruitment materials must be approved by the IRB/EC.
The Principal Investigator is responsible for providing written summaries of the status of the study to the IRB/EC annually or more frequently in accordance with the requirements, policies, and procedures established by the IRB/EC. Investigators are also responsible for promptly informing the IRB/EC of any protocol amendments (Section 9.5).
In addition to the requirements for reporting all AEs to the Sponsor, investigators must comply with requirements for reporting SAEs to the local health authority and IRB/EC. Investigators may receive written IND safety reports or other safety-related communications from the Sponsor. Investigators are responsible for ensuring that such reports are reviewed and processed in accordance with health authority requirements and the policies and procedures established by their IRB/EC, and archived in the site's study file.
8.4 CONFIDENTIALITY
The Sponsor maintains confidentiality standards by coding each patient enrolled in the study through assignment of a unique patient ID number. This means that patient names are not included in data sets that are transmitted to any Sponsor location.
Patient medical information obtained by this study is confidential and may only be disclosed to third parties as permitted by the Informed Consent Form (or separate
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Protocol ML29093, Version 2
authorization for use and disclosure of personal health information) signed by the patient, unless permitted or required by law.
Medical information may be given to a patient's personal physician or other appropriate medical personnel responsible for the patient's welfare, for treatment purposes.
Data generated by this study must be available for inspection upon request by representatives of the FDA and other national and local health authorities, Sponsor monitors, representatives, and collaborators, and the IRB/EC for each study site, as appropriate.
8.5 FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Investigators will provide the Sponsor with sufficient, accurate financial information in accordance with local regulations to allow the Sponsor to submit complete and accurate financial certification or disclosure statements to the appropriate health authorities. Investigators are responsible for providing information on financial interests during the course of the study and for 1 year after completion of the study (i.e., LPLV).
9. STUDY DOCUMENTATION, MONITORING, AND ADMINISTRATION
9.1 STUDY DOCUMENTATION
The investigator must maintain adequate and accurate records to enable the conduct of the study to be fully documented, including but not limited to the protocol, protocol amendments, Informed Consent Forms, and documentation of IRB/EC and governmental approval. In addition, at the end of the study, the investigator will receive the patient data, which includes an audit trail containing a complete record of all changes to data.
9.2 PROTOCOL VIOLATIONS
The investigator should document and explain any protocol violations. The investigator should promptly report any violations that might impact patient safety and data integrity to the Sponsor and to the IRB/EC in accordance with established IRB/EC policies and procedures.
9.3 SITE INSPECTIONS
Site visits will be conducted by the Sponsor or an authorized representative for inspection of study data, patients' medical records, and eCRFs. The investigator will permit national and local health authorities, Sponsor monitors, representatives, and collaborators, and the IRBs/ECs to inspect facilities and records relevant to this study.
9.4 ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
Genentech, Inc., is the Sponsor and will have oversight of study management, including project management, oversight of data management, and statistical programming. A CRO will assist with study management, including project management, medical monitoring (as needed), clinical monitoring, data monitoring, and data management. Patients will be enrolled at approximately 75 sites in North America.
The CRO will manage site activation, study drug supply, patient enrollment and tracking, and clinical monitoring. Genentech will handle study drug distribution.
A Steering Committee will provide scientific oversight for this study. The Steering Committee will be composed of Genentech representatives and external advisors. The Steering Committee will perform functions such as:
Provide recommendations regarding changes in the study conduct
Review results of the final analyses for primary and secondary endpoints
Participate in the drafting and publishing of final study results
An iDMC will be responsible for monitoring the overall efficacy and safety of the patients in the trial after treatment with alteplase. The iDMC will be composed of external advisors. The iDMC will perform functions such as:
Review all accumulated safety data at interim analysis
Review efficacy data analysis performed for interim analysis for consideration of potential discontinuation of the trial for futility
Make recommendation to the Sponsor as to if it is appropriate to discontinue the study after assessing the interim efficacy and safety data in aggregate
Determine if the study should continue after review of interim analysis results
An iDCC will be responsible for the preparation and review of unmasked data.
A central IRB will be utilized when possible to ensure the timely submission and approval of site regulatory documents for sites not required to use a local IRB. The CRO will be responsible for management of the central IRB.
An EDC system will be used to capture data for the study.
An IWRS will be utilized for randomization, patient tracking, and drug inventory management for the study.
9.5 PROTOCOL AMENDMENTS
Any protocol amendments will be prepared by the Sponsor. Protocol amendments will be submitted to the IRB/EC and to regulatory authorities in accordance with local regulatory requirements.
Approval must be obtained from the IRB/EC and regulatory authorities (as locally required) before implementation of any changes, except for changes necessary to eliminate an immediate hazard to patients or changes that involve logistical or administrative aspects only (e.g., change in Medical Monitor or contact information).
10. REFERENCES
Activase (alteplase) U.S. Package Insert, Genentech, Inc., 2011.
Baumann CR, Baumgartner RW, Gandjour J, et al. Good outcomes in ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis despite regressing neurological symptoms. Stroke 2006,37:1332-3.
De Los Rios La Rosa F, Khoury J, Kissela BM, et al. Eligibility of intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator within a population: the effect of the European cooperative acute stroke study (ECASS) III trial. Stroke 2012,43(6):1592-5.
Demaerschalk BM. Thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke: the likelihood of being helped versus harmed. Stroke 2007;38:2215-16.
Dhamoon MS, Moom YP, Boden-Albala B, et al. Long-term functional recovery after first ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke 2009;40:2805-11.
Edlow JS, Smith EE, Stead LG, et al. Clinical policy: Use of t-PA for the management of acute ischemic stroke in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2013;61:225-43.
Friedman LM, Furberg CD, DeMets DL. Fundamentals of Clinical Trials. Third ed. 1998, New York, NY:Springer:108.
Fischer U, Baumgartner A, Arnold M, et al. What is minor stroke? Stroke 2010;41:661-6.
Gonzales NR, Albright KC, Noser KC, et al. "Mild stroke" should not exclude patients from thrombolytic therapy. Stroke 2006;37:621.
Hassan AE, Hassanzadeh B, Tohidi V, et al. Very mild stroke patients benefit from intravenous tissue plasminogen activator without increase of intracranial hemorrhage. South Med J 2010a;103(5):398-402.
Hassan AE, Zacharoatos H, Hassanzadeh B, et al. Does Mild deficit for patients with stroke justify use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2010b;19:116-20.
Huisa BN, Raman R, Neil W, et al. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for patients with minor ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2012;21:733-6.
Jauch EC, Saver JL, Adams HP, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease and Council on Clinical Cardiology: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke 2013;44:870-947.
Khatri P, Conaway MR, Johnston KC; Acute Stroke Accurate Prediction Study (ASAP) Investigators. Ninety-day outcome rates of a prospective cohort of consecutive patients with mild stroke. Stroke 2012;43:560-2.
Khatri P, Kleindorfer DO, Yeatts SD, et al. Strokes with minor symptoms: an exploratory analysis of the National Institute of Neurological disorders and stroke recombinant tissue plasminogen activator trials. Stroke 2010;41:2581-6.
Köhrmann M, Nowe T, Huttner HB, et al. Safety and outcome after thrombolysis in stroke patients with mild symptoms. Cerebrovasc Dis 2009;27(2):160-6.
Levine SR, Khatri P, Broderick JP, et al. Review, historical context, and clarifications of the NINDA rt-PA stroke trials exclusion criteria part 1: rapidly improving stroke symptoms. Stroke 2013;44(9):2500-5.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rt-PA Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1581-8.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rt-PA Study Group. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for minor strokes: the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Experience. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:243-52.
Pampallona S, Tsiatis AA, Kim K. Interim monitoring of group sequential trials using spending functions for the type I and type II error probabilities. Drug Inf J 2001;35:1113-21.
Reeves M, Khoury J, Alwell K, et al. Distribution of NIHSS in the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study. Stroke 2013;In press.
Rosamond W, Flegal K, Friday G, et al; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics2007 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2007;115:e69-171.
Robbins KC. The plasminogen-plasmin enzyme system. In: Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ, et al., editors. Hemostasis and thrombosis: basic principles and clinical practice. Philadelphia: JP Lippincott. 1982:623-39.
Saver J. Hemorrhage after thrombolytic therapy for stroke: the clinically relevant number needed to harm. Stroke 2007;38:2279-83.
Smith EE, Gonarow GC, Reeves MJ, et al. Outcomes in mild or rapidly improving stroke not treated with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator: findings from Get With The Guidelines-Stroke. Stroke 2011;42:3110-15.
Steffenhagen N, Hill MD, Poppe AY, et al. Should you thrombolyze all or any stroke patients with baseline National Institutes of Health Stoke Scale scores ? Cerebrovasc Dis 2009;28:201-02.
Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Dávalos A, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): an observational study. Lancet 2007;369:275-82.
Willey JZ, Stillman J, Rivolta JA, et al. Too good to treat? Outcomes in patients not receiving thrombolysis due to mild deficits or rapidly improving symptoms. Int J Stroke 2012;7(3):202-06.
Appendix 1
Schedule of Assessments
ASSESSMENTS
Screening and Baseline (Visit 1)
Study Drug Administration
22-36 Hours from Start of Study Drug Administration (Visit 2)
Day 5 (or Discharge if Sooner) (Visit 3)
30 Days ( ± 7 Days) Phone Call (Visit 4)
Days/Study Completion (Visit 5)
Early Discontinuation (Phone call, if possible)
Informed consent
X
Review of eligibility
X
Medical history and baseline conditions
X
Demographics
X
Neurological examination
X
Vital signs
X
Complete blood count
X
Coagulation status
X
Pregnancy test
X
Serum blood glucose
X
Imaging modality sensitive to presence of intracranial hemorrhage (either CT or MRI with DW MRI, either SW or GRE, and FLAIR images). Visit 2 MRIs should also include T1 and T2 sequences
X
X
NIHSS score
X
X
X
X
Study drug administration
X
Appendix 1 (cont.)
Schedule of Assessments
ASSESSMENTS
Screening and Baseline (Visit 1)
Study Drug Administration
22-36 Hours from Start of Study Drug Administration (Visit 2)
Includes smoking history and stroke history. A partial neurological examination is to be performed for each patient. The NIHSS will be a component of the neurological examination and will be performed only by practitioners who are certified to perform an NIHSS assessment. Additional, or supplemental, neurological exams will also be performed, including assessment of mental status, cranial nerves, motor function and coordination. Includes pulse and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (while patient is in a supine position). Complete blood count includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Coagulation status includes INR values of , activated partial thromboplastin time, patient or family report of patient currently taking an oral anticoagulant (e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban), or patient or family report of patient currently taking a low-molecularweight heparin (e.g., dalteparin, enoxaparin) within the last 48 hours. Pregnancy status will be determined in women of childbearing potential. Serum or urine pregnancy test can be collected. Serum glucose (values of are contraindicated for alteplase). MRI or CT scan should be performed if any clinical findings suggest ICH. NIHSS score should be assessed and recorded at the time of any clinical findings that suggest ICH. The mRS may be performed by telephone, if necessary, for visits on Days 30 and 90. The BI, CES-D, EQ-5D, and SIS-16 can be administered by phone interview if an in-person patient visit cannot be scheduled in the allotted time. Assessments include: Controlled Oral Word Association test; HVLT-R trials 1, 2, and 3; digit symbol coding from the WAIS III; Forward and Backward Digit Span test; Benton Judgment of Line Orientation, form V; HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition; semantic fluency (Animal Naming test); and BNT (15-item short form). Assessment of walking speed requires an in-person patient visit and is best combined with administration of the BI, CES-D, EQ-5D, and SIS-16. Concomitant medications include any prescription medications or over-the-counter preparations used by the patient within 7 days prior to screening. Adverse event assessments will be performed during study drug administration; at hours after study drug administration; on Days 5, 30, and 90 (may be done via telephone interview if necessary), and at early discontinuation. Refer to Section 5.3.1 (Adverse Event Reporting Period) for further details.
Appendix 2
Alteplase Administration
Administration of bolus
Step 1:
Inspect solution
After reconstitution to , inspect solution for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration
Step 2:
Discard excess
To ensure proper dosing, discard excess by removing from vial any quantity of drug in excess of that specified for patient treatment. When drawing off excess solution, be sure to insert the needle into the peripheral area of the vial top, away from the puncture site caused by the transfer device
Step 3:
Prepare bolus
Withdraw 10% of the 0.9-mg/kg dose in one of the following ways:
Remove from vial using a syringe and needle,
Remove from port (second injection site) on infusion line after infusion set is primed, or
Program infusion pump to deliver bolus at infusion initiation
Step 4:
Administer bolus
Administer initial IV bolus over 1 minute
Administration of remainder of dose
infuse the remaining of dose over 60 minutes.
50-mg vials-Administer using either a polyvinyl chloride bag or glass vial and infusion set.
No medication should be added to the infusion solutions that contain alteplase.
For specifics regarding dosing and administration, please see the Activase full Prescribing Information.
Appendix 3
Reconstitution of Vials
A single vial of Activase may be used to treat patients weighing up to 122 lbs or 55.5 kilograms. Reconstitute Activase immediately before administration, using aseptic technique at all times-including thorough hand washing and the use of gloves.
Step 1:
Assemble the vial of Actixase, the vial of Sterile Water for Injection (SWFI), USP (included with the Actixase package), a syringe, a large-bore needle (eg, 18-gauge), and alcohol wipes.Also, prepare a polyvinyl chloride bag or glass vial along with an infusion set
Step 2:
Remove the protective cap from the top of the Actixase vial and the vial of SWFI. Swab the top of each vial with an alcohol wipe to reduce the risk of contamination
Step 3:
Withdraw of SWFI, without preservatives. Diluent is included. DO NOT USE Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP
Step 4:
Inject the into the Activase vial using a large-bore needle and syringe, directing the stream into the lyophilized cake. DO NOT USE IF VACUUM IS NOT PRESENT. The syringe should not be primed with air during preparation and should be inserted into the Activase vial stopper. Slight foaming upon reconstitution is normal. Let the solution stand undisturbed for several minutes to allow any large bubbles to dissipate
Step 5:
Mix with a gentle swirl or slow inversion. DO NOT SHAKE. Visually inspect the Activase solution for particulate matter and discoloration before administration
Activase is stable for up to 8 hours in these solutions at room temperature. Do not freeze solutions containing Activase. No other medications should be added to infusions containing Activase. Any unused infusion solution should be discarded.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2
Appendix 4
European Quality of Life-5D (EQ-5D) Questionnaire
By placing a checkmark in one box in each group below, please indicate which statements best describe your own health state today.
Mobility
I have no problems in walking about
I have some problems in walking about
I am confined to bed
Self-Care
I have no problems with self-care □
have some problems washing or dressing myself .
I am unable to wash or dress myself □
Usual Activities (e.g. work, study, housework, family or leisure activities)
I have no problems with performing my usual activities
I have some problems with performing my usual activities
I am unable to perform my usual activities
Pain/Discomfort
I have no pain or discomfort □
I have moderate pain or discomfort □
I have extreme pain or discomfort □
Anxiety/Depression
I am not anxious or depressed □
I am moderately anxious or depressed □
I am extremely anxious or depressed □
Appendix 4 (cont.)
European Quality of Life-5D (EQ-5D) Questionnaire
To help people say how good or bad a health state is, we have drawn a scale (rather like a thermometer) on which the best state you can imagine is marked 100 and the worst state you can imagine is marked 0 .
We would like you to indicate on this scale how good or bad your own health is today, in your opinion. Please do this by drawing a line from the box below to whichever point on the scale indicates how good or bad your health state is today.
Appendix 5
Stroke Index Scale (SIS-16)
In the past 2 weeks, how difficult was it to...
Not difficult at all
A little difficult
Somewhat difficult
Very difficult
Could not do at all
a. Dress the top part of your body?
5
4
3
2
1
b. Bathe yourself?
5
4
3
2
1
c. Get to the toilet on time?
5
4
3
2
1
d. Control your bladder (not have an accident)?
5
4
3
2
1
e. Control your bowels (not have an accident)?
5
4
3
2
1
f. Stand without losing balance?
5
4
3
2
1
g. Go shopping?
5
4
3
2
1
h. Do heavy household chores (e.g., vacuum, laundry or yard work)?
5
4
3
2
1
i. Stay sitting without losing your balance?
5
4
3
2
1
j. Walk without losing your balance?
5
4
3
2
1
k. Move from a bed to a chair?
5
4
3
2
1
I. Walk fast?
5
4
3
2
1
m. Climb one flight of stairs?
5
4
3
2
1
n. Walk one block?
5
4
3
2
1
o. Get in and out of a car?
5
4
3
2
1
p. Carry heavy objects (e.g. bag of groceries) with your affected hand?
5
4
3
2
1
Appendix 6
Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression (CES-D) Scale, NIMH
Below is a list of the ways you might have felt or behaved. Please tell me how often you have felt this way during the past week.
During the Past
Week
Rarely or none of the time (less than 1 day)
Some or a little of the time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days)
Most or all of the time (5-7 days)
1. I was bothered by things that usually don't bother me.
□
□
□
□
2. I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor.
□
□
□
3. I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends.
□
□
□
□
4. I felt I was just as good as other people.
□
□
□
□
5. I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.
□
□
□
□
6. I felt depressed.
□
□
□
□
7. I felt that everything I did was an effort.
□
□
□
8. I felt hopeful about the future.
□
□
□
□
9. I thought my life had been a failure.
□
10. I felt fearful.
□
□
11. My sleep was restless.
□
□
□
12. I was happy.
□
□
□
13. I talked less than usual.
□
□
14. I felt lonely.
□
□
□
15. People were unfriendly.
□
□
□
□
16. I enjoyed life.
□
□
17. I had crying spells.
□
□
□
18. I felt sad.
□
□
19. I felt that people dislike me.
□
20. I could not get "going."
□
□
□
□
Appendix 7 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
Administer stroke scale items in the order listed. Record performance in each category after each subscale exam. Do not go back and change scores. Follow directions provided for each exam technique. Scores should reflect what the patent does, not what the clincian thinks the patient can do. The clinician should record answers while administering the exam and work quickly. Except where indicated, the patient should not be coached (i.e., repeated requests to patient to make a special effort).
1
Has the subject had a stroke (either as the index event at randomization or as an outcome event)? If no, form is complete.
◯ No ◯ Yes
2
(1a) Level of Consciousness
The investigator must choose a response, even ra ruit evaluation is prevented by such coutacies as an endotracheal hube, language bamer, crotracheal raumabandages. A 3 is soored only if the patient mases no movement (ocher than refexve posturing) in response to noxous stimuation. Coma score .
◯ 0=Alert; keenly responsive ◯ Not alert, but arousable by minor stimulation to obey, answer or respond ◯ Not alert, requires repeated stimulation to attend, or is obtunded and requires strong or painful stimulation to make movements (not stereotyped) ◯ 3=Responds only with reflex motor or autonomic effects or totally unresponsive, flaccid, areflexic (Complete form using coma scoring)
3
(10) LOC Questions
The pattent is asked the month and his her age. The answer must be correct - There is no partial credit for Deing dose. Aphasic and stuporous patients who do not comprenend the questions will score 2 . Paterits unable to speas because of endotracheal intuoution, orotrachea trauma, severe dysamina from any cause, language barmer or any other problem not secondary to aphasia are glven a i. Ris important that only the nital answer be graded and frot the examiner not "help" the pasent with verbal of non-wertal cues. Coma score "
◯ 0=Answers both questions correctly ◯ 1=Answers one question correctly ◯ 2-Answers nether question correctly
4
(1c) LOC Commands
The patent is asked to open and close the eyes and then to gro and release the non-paretcic hand. substitute another one step command if the hands cannot be used. Credt is given if an unequlvocal attempt is made but not completed due to wealness. If the patlent does not respond to command, the task should be demonstrated to them (pantomine) and score the result (le. follows none, one of two commands). Patients with trauma, amputation, or pther physical impedinents should be given sultable one-steg commands. Ony the frat attenpt is scored. Coma score "2".
◯ 0=Performs both tasks correctly ◯ Performs one task correctly ◯ 2=Performs neither task correctly
5
(2) Best Gaze
Only hontzonta eye movements will be tested. Vountary or reflexve (coulocephails) eye movements will pe scored but calono testing is not obne If the patient has a confugate deviaton of the thes that can be overcome by voluntary or refexlve activing, the score will be i, ir a patent has an isolated peripheral nerve paresis (CV III, IV or VI) score a 1, Gaze is testable in all aphasic patents, Patents wath ocular frauma, bandages, pre-existing bindness or other alsorder of visual aculty or helds should be tested with reflexter movements and a choice made by the investigator. Establishing eye contact and then moving about the patert: from side to side will occassionaly clarly the presence of a partial gaze paisy. Coma score as examined.
◯ Normal ◯ 1=Partial gaze palsy. This score is given when gaze is abnormal in one or both eyes, but where forced deviation or total gaze paresis are not present ◯ 2=Forced deviation, or total gaze paresis not overcome by the oculocephalic maneuver
Appendix 7 (cont.) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
8
(3) Visual
Visual fields (upper and lower quadrants) are tested by confrontation, using finger counting or wsual threat as appropriate. Patient must be encouraged, out if they look at the side of the moving fingers appropriately, this can be scored as normal. It there is unliateral bilndness or enucleaton, visual flads in the remaining eye are scored. Score 1 only If a clear-cut asymmetry, Including quadrantanopla is found. If patent is bilnd from any cause score 3. Double simultaneous stimulaton is performed at this point. If there is extinction patient recelves a 1 and the results are used to answer question 22. Score as examined, using bilateral threat.
◯ 0=No visual loss ◯ Partial hemianopia ◯ 2=Complete hemianopia ◯ 3=Bilateral hemianopia (blind including cortical blindness)
7
Ask, or use pantomine to encourage the patient to show teeth or raise eyebrows and close eyes. Score symmetry of grimace in response to noxlous stimull in the poorly responsive or non-comprehending patent. If facial traumalbandages, orotracheal tuipe, tape or other physical bamier obscures the face, these should be removed to the extent possible. Coma Score "3".
◯ 0=Normal symmetrical movement ◯ Minor paralysis (flattened nasolabial fold, asymmetry of smiling) ◯ 2=Partial paralysis (total or near total paralysis of lower face) ◯ 3=Complete paralysis of one or both sides (absence of facial movement in the upper and lower face)
8
(5a) Motor Arm Left
The limb is placed in the appropriate position: extend the arms (paims down) 90 degrees (if sitting) of 45 degrees (if supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested supine). Drift is scored if the arm falls before 10 seconds or the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic patient is encouraged using urgency in the volce and pantomime but not noxious stimulation. Each imb is tested in tum, beginning with the non-paretic arm. Only in cases of amputation or joint fuston at the shouder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided.
Coma Score "4"
◯ No drift, limb holds 90 (or 45) degrees for full 10 seconds ◯ Drift, limb holds 90 (or 45) degrees, but drifts down before full 10 seconds; does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity, limb cannot get to or maintain (if cued) 90 degrees ◯ 3=No effort against gravity, limb fails ◯ 4=No movement ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
9
Explain if amputation or joint fusion (Motor Arm Left):
10
(5b) Motor Amm Right
The limb is placed in the appropriate position: extend the arms (paims down) 90 degrees (if sitting) or 45 degrees (if supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested supine). Drift is scored if the arm tals before 10 seconds or the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic patient is encouraged using urgency in the volce and pantomine but not noxious stimulation. Each imb is tested in turn, beginning with the non-paretic arm. Only in cases of amputation or joint fuslon at the shoulder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided. Coma score "4".
◯ No drift, limb holds 90 (or 45 ) degrees for full 10 seconds ◯ Drift, limb holds 90 (or 45) degrees, but drifts down before full 10 seconds; does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity, limb cannot get to or maintain (if cued) 90 degrees ◯ 3=No effort against gravity, limb falls ◯ 4=No movement ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
11
Explain if amputation or joint fusion (Motor Arm Right):
Appendix 7 (cont.) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
12
(6a) Motor Leg Left
The limb is placed in the appropriate postion: extend the arms (palms down) 90 degrees (if sttting) or 45 degrees (if supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested suplne). Dont Is scored if the arm fals before 10 seconds or the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic pattent is encouraged using urgency in the volce and pantomime but not noxious stimulation. Each imb is tested in turn, beginning with the non-paretic arm. Only in cases of amputation or joint fusion at the shoulder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided. Coma score "4".
◯ 0=No drift, leg holds 30 degrees position for full 5 seconds ◯ Drift, leg falls by the end of the 5 second period but does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity, leg falls to bed by 5 seconds, but has some effort against gravity ◯ 3=No effort against gravity; leg falls to bed immediately ◯ 4=No movement. ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
13
Explain if amputation/ joint fusion (Motor Leg Left):
14
(6b) Motor Leg Right
The imb is placed in the appropriate position: extend the arms (paims down) 90 degrees (if sttting) or 45 degrees (if supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested suplne). Dritt is scored if the arm falls before 10 seconds or the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic patient is encouraged using urgency in the volce and pantomime but not noxious stimulation. Each imb is tested in turn, beginning with the non-paretic anm. Only in cases of amputation or joint fusion at the shoulder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided. Coma score "4".
◯ No drift, leg holds 30 degrees position for full 5 seconds ◯ Drift, leg falls by the end of the 5 second period but does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity; leg fails to bed by 5 seconds, but has some effort against gravity ◯ 3=No effort against gravity, leg falls to bed immediately ◯ 4=No movement. ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
15
Explain if amputation/ joint fusion (Motor Leg Right):
16
(7) Limb Ataxia
This item is aimed at finding evidence of a unilateral cerebelar lesion. Test with eyes open. In case of visual defect, insure testing is done in intact visual fleld. The finger-nose-finger and heel-shin tests are performed on both sides, and ataxia is scored only if present put of proportion to weakness. Ataxla is absent in the patient who cannot understand or is paralyzed. Only in the case of amputation or joint fusion, the examiner should record the score as untestable (UN), and clearly write the explanation for this cholce. In case of bilndness, test by having the patient touch nose from extended arm postition. Coma score " 0 ".
◯ Absent ◯ 1 = Present in one limb ◯ 2 = Present in two limbs ◯ UN = amputation or joint fusion
17
Explain if amputation or joint fusion (Limb Ataxia):
Appendix 7 (cont.)
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
18
(8) Sensory
Sensation or grimace to pin prick when tested, or withdrawal from noxdous stimusus in the obtunded or aphasic patlent. Only sensory loss attributed to stroke is scored as abonomal and the examiner should test as many body areas [arms (not hands), legs, trunk, face] as needed to accurately check for hemisensory loss. A score of 2, "severe or fotal," should only be given when a severe or total loss of sensation can be clearly demonstrated. Stuporous and aphasic patients will therefore probably score 1 or 0 . The patient with brain stem stroke who has bilateral loss of sersation is scored 2. If the patent does not respond and is quadriplegic score 2. Patients in coma (tem 13-3) are artitrarily given a 2 on this them. Coma Score "2".
◯ Normal: no sensory loss ◯ Midd to moderate sensory loss; patient feels pinprick is less sharp or is dull on the affected side: or there is a loss of superficial pain with pinprick but patent is aware he/she is being touched ◯ 2=Severe to total sensory loss; patient is not aware of being touched in the face, arm & leg
19
(9) Best Language
A great deal of information about comprehension will be obtained during the preceding sections of the examination. The patient is asked to describe what is happening in the attached ploture, to name the thems on the attached naming sheet, and to read from the attached ilst of sentences. Comprehension is judged from responses here as well as to all of the commands in the preceding general neurciogical exam. if visual loss Interferes with the tests, ask the patent to identity objects placed in the hand, repeat, and produce speech. The intubated patent should be asked to witte. The patlent in coma (question 13-3) will arbitrarily score 3 on this Item. The examiner must choose a score in the patient with stupor or limited cooperation but a score of 3 should be used only if the patent is mute and follows no one step commands. Coma Score '3'.
◯ No aphasia normal ◯ 1=Mild to moderate aphasia; some obvious loss of fluency or facility of comprehension without significant limitation on ideas expressed on form of expression ◯ 2 =Severe aphasia; all communication is through fragmentary expression; great need for inference, questioning, and guessing by the listener; listener carries burden of communication ◯ 3=Mute, global aphasia; no usable speech or auditory comprehension
20
(10) Dysarthria
If patient is thought to be normal an adequate sample of speech must be colained by asking patient to read or repeat words from the attached list. If the patient has severe aphasia, the clarty of artioulation of spontaneous speech can be rated. Only if the patient is intubated or has other physical barrier to producing speech, may the liem be not scored, and the examiner must clearly witle an explanation. Do not teil the parlent why heishe is being tested. Coma Score "2".
◯ 0=Normal ◯ Mild to moderate: patient slurs at least some words and at worst. can be understood with some difficulty ◯ 2=Severe; patient's speech is so slurred as to be unintelligible in the absence of or out of proportion to any dysphasia, or is mute/ anarthric ◯ Intubated or other physical barrier.
21
Explain if intubated or other physical barrier (Dysarthria):
22
(11) Extinction and Inattention (Neglect)
Sumficient information to Identiy neglect may be obtained during the proor testing. If the patient has a severe visual loss preventing visual double simultaneous stimulation, and the cutaneous stimull are normal, the score is normal. If the patent has aphasla but does appear to attend to both sides, the score is nomal. The presence of visual spallal neglect or anosagnosla may also be taken as evidence of abonormally. Since the abnormality is scored only if present, the item is never untestable. Coma Score " 2 ".
◯ 0=No abnomality ◯ Visual, tactle, auditory, spatial, or personal inattention or extinction to bilateral simultaneous stimulation in one of the sensory modalities ◯ 2=Profound hemi-inattention or hemi-inattention to more than one modality; does not recognize own hand or orients to only one side of space
23
Not applicable
24
Name of assessor:
The assessor must be a study team member who has completed NIHSS certification.
Appendix 8 Modified Rankin Scale (mRS)
1
Modified Rankin Scale:
◯ (D) No symptoms at all ◯ (1) No significant disability despite symptoms, able to carry out all usual duties and activities ◯ (2) Slight disability, unable to carry out all previous activities but able to look after own affairs without assistance ◯ (3) Moderate disability requiring some help, but able to walk without assistance ◯ (4) Moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance ◯ (5) Severe disability, bedridden, incontinent, and requiring constant nursing care and attention
2
For response 2 above, specify the previous activities that can no longer be carried out:
3
Name of assessor:
The assessor must be a study team member who has completed mRS certification.
Appendix 9 Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)
Note: The scale presented here is based on the original article by Jennett and Bond. It has become common practice in elinical trial administration, however, to use a modified version that places the scores in reverse order (i.e., "good recovery" = 1 , "moderate disability" =2, etc.).
Score
Description
1
DEATH
2
PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE Patient exhibits no obvious cortical function.
3
SEVERE DISABILITY (Conscious but disabled). Patient depends upon others for daily support due to mental or physical disability or both.
4
MODERATE DISABILITY (Disabled but independent). Patient is independent as far as daily life is concerned. The disabilities found include varying degrees of dysphasia, hemiparesis, or ataxia, as well as intellectual and memory deficits and personality changes.
5
GOOD RECOVERY
Resumption of normal activities even though there may be minor neurological or psychological deficits.
TOTAL (1-5):
References
Jennett B, Bond M. "Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage."
Lancet 1975 Mar 1;1(7905):480-4
0 = unable
5 = needs help cutting, spreading butter, etc., or requires modified diet
\(10=\) independent
BATHING
\(0=\) dependent
\(5=\) independent (or in shower)
GROOMING
\(0=\) needs to help with personal care
\(5=\) independent face/hair/teeth/shaving (implements provided)
DRESSING
\(0=\) dependent
\(5=\) needs help but can do about half unaided
10 = independent (including buttons, zips, laces, etc.)
BOWELS
\(0=\) incontinent (or needs to be given enemas)
\(5=\) occasional accident
10 = continent
BLADDER
0= incontinent, or catheterized and unable to manage alone
\(5=\) occasional accident
10 = continent
TOILET USE
\(0=\) dependent
5 = needs some help, but can do something alone
10 = independent (on and off, dressing, wiping)
TRANSFERS (BED TO CHAIR AND BACK)
0 = unable, no sitting balance
5 = major help (one or two people, physical), can sit
\(10=\) minor help (verbal or physical)
\(15=\) independent
MOBILITY (ON LEVEL SURFACES)
\(0=\) immobile or \(<50\) yards
\(5=\) wheelchair independent, including comers, \(>50\) yards
10 = walks with help of one person (verbal or physical) > 50 yards
15 = independent (but may use any aid; for example, stick) > 50 yards
The index should be used as a record of what a patient does, not as a record of what a patient could do.
The main aim is to establish degree of independence from any help, physical or verbal, however minor and for whatever reason.
The need for supervision renders the patient not independent.
A patient's performance should be established using the best available evidence. Asking the patient, fiiends/relatives and nurses are the usual sources, but direct observation and common sense are also important. However direct testing is not needed.
Usually the patient's performance over the preceding hours is important, but occasionally longer periods will be relevant.
Middle categories imply that the patient supplies over 50 per cent of the effort.
Use of aids to be independent is allowed.
Appendix 11 Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
A. Controlled Oral Word Association Test
Letter L
Instruct the study participant as follows:
"I am going to say a letter and I want you to name, as fast as you can, as many words as you can think of which start with this letter. The letter is . You will have one minute. Ready? Begin."
Record the study participant's responses in the following table.
Acceptable
Acceptable
1.
□
21.
□
2.
□
22.
□
3.
□
23.
□
4.
□
24.
□
5.
□
25.
□
6.
□
26.
□
7.
□
27.
□
8.
□
28.
□
9.
□
29.
□
10.
□
30.
□
11.
□
31.
□
12.
□
32.
□
13.
□
33.
□
14.
□
34.
□
15.
□
35.
□
16.
□
36.
□
17.
□
37.
□
18.
□
38.
□
19.
□
39.
□
20.
□
40.
□
Total words generated: □
Total acceptable words: □
Appendix 11 (cont.)
Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
B . Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R)
Form 1
Semantic Categories: Four-Legged Animals, Precious Stones, Human Dwellings
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
Delayed Recognition Trial Instructions
The Delayed Recognition (Forced Choice) trial is administered immediately after the Delayed Recall trial. Say the following:
Now I am going to read a longer list of words to you. Some of them are words from the original list, and some are not. After I read each word, I'd like you to say "Yes" if it was on the original list, or "No" if it was not.
Read the words of the Delayed Recognition trial list in numerical order. Allow the individual as much time as needed to respond. You may use the prompt, "Was horse on the list? Yes or no?" The individual must give you a response for every word. If the individual is not sure, ask for a guess.
Delayed Recognition Trial (Forced Choice)
1. HORSE
Y N
7. house
Y N
13. HUT
Y N
19. TENT
Y N
2. ruby
Y N
8. OPAL
Y N
14. EMERALD
Y N
20. mountain
Y N
3. CAVE
Y N
9. TIGER
Y N
15. SAPPHIRE
Y N
21. cat
Y N
4. balloon
Y N
10. boat
Y N
16. dog
Y N
22. HOTEL
Y N
5. coffee
Y N
11. scart
Y N
17. apartment
Y N
23. COW
Y N
6. LION
Y N
12. PEARL
18. penny
Y N
24. diamond
Y N
Total number of true-positive responses ("hits"): /12 (no shading)
Semantically-unrelated false-positive errors: /6 (darker shading)
Total number of false-positive errors: /12
Raw Score
score
Total Recall (sum of total correct responses for Trials 1, 2, & 3)
Delayed Recall (Trial 4)
Retention [(Trial Higher score of Trials 2 and 3) ]
Recognition Discrimination Index (Total no. of true-positives) - (Total no. of false-positives)
Normative table (Appendix A):
4
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
C. Digit Symbol Coding from the WAIS III
DIGIT SYMBOL SUBSTITUTION (DSS) TASK
DIGIT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SYMBOL
-
0
SAMPLES
2
1
7
2
4
8
2
1
3
2
1
4
2
3
5
2
3
1
4
5
6
3
1
4
□
□
□
□
□
□
1
5
4
2
7
6
3
5
7
2
8
5
4
6
3
7
2
8
1
9
5
8
4
7
3
6
2
5
1
9
2
8
3
7
4
6
5
9
4
8
3
7
2
6
1
5
4
6
3
7
9
2
8
1
7
9
4
6
8
5
9
7
1
8
5
2
9
4
8
6
3
7
9
8
6
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
D. Forward and Backward Digit Span Test
FORWARD AND BACKWARD DIGIT SPAN TEST DIGIT SPAN (FORWARD)*
Ask patient, "Repeat each group of numbers in the same order that I say them." Read numbers at rate of one each second. If patient passes the first trial, advance to the first trial of the next item. If patient fails the first trial, administer the second trial of that item. Stop when patient fails both trials of any item. Score is best performanee's maximum number of digits correct.
DIGIT FORWARD
WRITE RESPONSE
CORRECT
8-4-7
3-7-5
- Yes - No
9-3-4-1
- Yes - No
8-3-9-6
- Yes - No
5-1-6-2-9
Yes □ No
3-6-9-2-5
- Yes - Mo
6-4-3-5-2-7
- Yes □ No
9-1-8-4-2-7
□ Yes □ No
3-1-6-9-2-8-5
Yes □ No
2-8-1-4-9-7-5
□ Yes - No
DIGIT FORWARD SCORE (3-7) □
DIGIT SPAN (BACKWARD)*
Say to patient, "Now I am going to say some more numbers, but this time when I stop, I want you to say them backwards. For example, if I said 7-1-9, what would you say?" Read numbers at rate of one each second. If patient passes the first trial, advance to the first trial of the next item. If patient fails the first trial, administer the second trial of that item. Stop when patient fails both trials of any item. Score is best performance's maximum number of digits correct.
DIGIT FORWARD
WRITE RESPONSE
CORRECT
5-8
- Yes
□ No
3-1
- Yes
- No
6-2-9
□ Yes
प्र No
4-9-3
- Yes
0 No
4-9-6-8
- Yes
- No
3-8-1-4
□ Yes
□ No
1-5-2-8-6
- Yes
6-2-9-7-2
- Yes
□ No
5-3-9-4-1-8
□ Yes
□ No
7-1-5-2-8-6
- Yes
- No
DIGIT BACKWARD SCORE (2-6) □
Appendix 11 (cont.)
Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
E. Benton Judgment of Line Orientation
Benton Judgment Of Line Orientation - Form V
Name No. Date Age Gender Education Handedness Examiner
Instructions: Record each response choice. Circle all errors.
PRACTICE ITEMS
A 1-6
B 4-8
C 4-10 D 7-8
E 2-4 1 6
B 4 8
C' 4 10 D' 7 8 2 4
TEST ITEMS
1.
5-10
HH
16.
7-8
2.
2-11
MM
17.
3-5
HH
3.
1-2
LL
18.
10-11
MH
4.
1-7
HH
19.
1-4
MM
5.
6-7
HH
20.
3-11
LL
6.
5-6
LL
21.
LL
7.
4-5
HH
22.
2-9
LL
8.
1-3
MM
23.
3-8
HH
9.
5-11
MM
24.
9-11
HH
10.
1-10
HH
25.
3-4
LM
11.
1-7
MM
26.
8-9
LL
12
2-6
HH
27.
8-11
HH
13.
7-9
MM
28.
14.
2-5
HL
29.
3-10
HL
15.
1-9
LL
30.
Correct □
□
LESION SUMMARY:
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
F. Animal Naming Test
ANIMAL NAMING
Introduction: "I'd like to ask a question to check your memory."
Instruction: "Tell me the names of as many animals as you can think of, as quickly as possible."
Procedure: Time for 60 seconds and record all responses.
If the person stops before 60 seconds, say "Any more animals?"
If the person says nothing for 15 seconds, say "A dog is an animal.
"Can you tell me more animals?"
Scoring: Count the total number of animals (NOT including repetitions or non-animal words):
Next step: If the score is less than 14, further testing should be done.
Sager MD, MA; Hermann PhD, BP; LaRue PhD, A; Woodard PhD, JL, Screening for Dementia in Community-based Memory Clinics. Wisconsin Medical Journal 2006.105(7)25-29
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
Directions for Scoring Animal Naming Screen
Instructions: "Tell me the names of as many animals as you can think of, as quickly as possible."
If the person says nothing for 15 seconds, say "A dog is an animal. Can you tell me more animals?" If the person
stops before 60 seconds, say "Any more animals?"
Scoring: Count all animals, including birds, fish, reptiles, insects, humans, extinct animals, etc. Credit can be given for general category terms (e.g., dog) and for specific instances (e.g., terriers) when both are given. Credit only one item when people name the same animal at different developmental stages (e.g., sheep, lamb).
Note: These minimalist initial instructions date back to an early research study on verbal fluency in aging and dementia by Wilma Rosen (1980) in which subjects were instructed to "give the names of as many animals as you can think of' for 60 seconds. These very brief instructions have been subsequently used in several normative studies (e.g., Tombaugh et al., 1999 and Mayo's MOANS studies such as Lucas et al., 1998) and in some other recent studies of the efficacy of verbal fluency as a diagnostic tool for dementia (e.g., Canning et al., 2004).
12GEN130355_M29093_Animal Naming Test_v1_17_Mar_2014
Page 2 of 2
Appendix 11 (cont.)
Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
G. Boston Naming Test (BNT) 15-Item Short Form
The following error codes are used to categorize incorrect responses. The error code is to be entered in the designated column below.
ph
Nonword phonemically based paraphasia
ph/v
(A phonemic paraphasia is scored if more than half of the target word phonology is preserved).
v
Verbal paraphasia, semantically related to the target word
v/u
Unrelated verbal paraphasia
n
Neologism (less than 50% overlap with the phonology of the target word)
mw
Multi-word paraphasic/paragrammatic error
otu
Other off-target utterance (not considered paraphasia)
cl
Circumlocution utterance (not considered paraphasia)
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
Summary of Scores
Number of spontaneously given correct responses
Number of stimulus cues given
Number of correct responses following a stimulus cue 4. Number of phonemic cues 5. Number of correct responses following the phonemic cue 6. Number of multiple choices given 7. Number of correct choices
Total Number Correct ( )
Total Score:(Add credit for items preceding the first itempassed. Disregard if you started with item 1.)
Tally of paraphasia types
Phonological (sum of ph and ph/v) 2. Verbal (sum of and ) 3. Neologistic 4. Multi-word 5. Perceptual
Appendix 12
10 Meter Walk Test
Description: The 10 meter walk test is a measure of walking speed.
Equipment: Utilize a quiet hallway or open space at least 14 meters long, digital stopwatch, clipboard, tape measure, and tape to mark standardized course layout, and 2 chairs.
Bracing and Assistive Device: The subject should be wearing comfortable flat shoes or shoes with a heel less than inch. Have the subject perform this test with their most often used assistive device and orthotics. Note the specific type of assistive device and orthotics utilized on the source document.
Physical Assistance Provided During Testing:
Physical assistance may be provided as needed to maintain safety and stability. If additional assistance is needed, a non-blinded member of the investigation team can provide the additional assistance. No assistance can be provided for paretic limb advancement. A gait belt may be used during the test. The amount of assistance provided will be recorded with assignment of a Functional Ambulation Category (FAC). See FAC for description of procedure.
Test Administration:
Course Layout: The walking Course is established indoors on a level, non-carpeted surface measuring a length of 14 meters. The course is marked with tape at 0 meters, 2 meters, 12 meters, and 14 meters. 2 chairs can be placed near the 0 meter and 14 meter mark.
3. Instruct the subject in the goal of the 10 meter walk test while the subject is seated:
"You are going to walk a distance of about 40 feet. We will repeat this distance four times. The first two times will be completed at your comfortable pace, the final two times you will walk as quickly and safely as you can. Do you have any questions?"
4. Demonstrate where you want the subject to walk.
5. Walk the subject to the start line (0 meters). Provide the subject with the following instructions:
"You will walk at a comfortable pace to the chair." (DO NOT refer to the tape on the floor.) The start command is "Ready and Go".
6. When you and the subject are ready, say "Ready and Go". If the subject starts too early, start again.
Appendix 12 (cont.) 10 Meter Walk Test
Instructions for Recording Time:
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 14 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance
"Comfortable" Pace Trial 1 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 14 meter line.
When the subject is ready, have them repeat the SAME PROCEDURE except they will start from the 14 meter line and end at 0 meter line.
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 0 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance on the "Comfortable" Pace Trial 2 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 0 meter line.
Subject Instructions for the last 2 trials:
"You are going to walk the same distances for two additional trials as quickly and as safely as you can. Do you have any questions?"
When the subject is ready, walk the subject to the start line ( 0 meters). Provide the subject with the following instructions:
"You will walk as quickly and as safely as you can to the chair." (Use an appropriate descriptor for chair/location, but DO NOT refer to the tape on the floor.) The start command is "Ready and Go".
When you and the subject are ready, say "Ready and Go". If the subject starts too early, have them start again.
Appendix 12 (cont.) 10 Meter Walk Test
Instructions for Recording Time:
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 14 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance on the "As Fast As Possible" Pace Trial 1 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 14 meter line.
When the subject is ready, have them repeat the SAME PROCEDURE except they will start from the 14 meter line and end at 0 meter line.
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 0 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance on the "As Fast As Possible" Pace Trial 2 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 0 meter line.
Record the assistive device used and the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
REFERENCES:
Duncan PW, Sullivan KJ, Behrman AL, et al. Protocol for the Locomotor Experience Applied Post-stroke (LEAPS) trial: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurology 2007;7(1):39.
Perry J, Garrett M, Gronley JK, et al. Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population. Stroke 1995, 26(6):982-89.
Richards CL, Malouin F, Wood-Dauphinee S, et al. Gait velocity as an outcome measure of locomotor recovery after stroke. In: Craik RA, Oatis C, eds. Gait Analysis: Theory and Applications. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1995:355-64.
Appendix 13
Preferred Terms for Intracranial Hemorrhage
An intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is considered symptomatic if it is not seen on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at baseline and any neurologic decline is attributed to it by the local investigator. Below is the list of preferred terms (PTs) using the MedDRA term to describe the ICH event:
Basal ganglia hemorrhage
Brain stem hematoma
Brain stem hemorrhage
Brain stem microhemorrhage
Cerebellar hematoma
Cerebellar hemorrhage
Cerebellar microhemorrhage
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemorrhagic
Cerebral hematoma
Cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral microhemorrhage
Epidural hemorrhage
Extradural hematoma
Hemorrhage intracranial
Hemorrhagic cerebral infarction
Hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic transformation stroke
Intracranial hematoma
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Meningorrhagia
Pituitary hemorrhage
Putamen hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subdural hematoma
Subdural hemorrhage
Thalamus hemorrhage
Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage
Appendix 14
World Health Organization (WHO) Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
HEMATOLOGY
ITEM
Grade 1 Toxicity
Grade 2 Toxicity
Grade 3 Toxicity
Grade 4 Toxicity
Hemoglobin
Absolute Neutrophil Count
Platelets
Prothrombin Time (PT)
ULN
ULN
1.51-3.0x ULN
ULN
Activated Partial Thromboplastin (APPT)
1.01-1.66x ULN
ULN
2.34-3x ULN
ULN
Fibrinogen
0.75-0.99 X LLN
0.50-0.74× LL.N
0.25-0.49 x LLN
LLN
Fibrim Split Product
Methemoglobin
5-9.9%
15.0-19.9%
LIVER ENZYMES
AST (SGOT)
ULN
2.6-5 x ULN
5.1-10x ULN
ULN
ALT (SGPT)
ULN
ULN
5.1-10 × ULN
ULN
GGT
ULN
ULN
ULN
ULN
Alkaline Phosphatase
125-2.5x ULN
1.6-5 x ULN
ULN
ULN
Amylase
1.1-1.5x ULN
ULN
2.1-5.0x ULN
CHEMISTRIES
Hyponatremia
< 116 or mental status changes or seizures
Hypernatremia
or mental status changes or seizures
Hypokalemia
or intensive replacement Rx required or hospitalization required.
or paresis or ileus or life-threatening arrhythmua
Hyperkalemia
or life-threatening arrhythmia
Hypoglycemia
or mental status changes or coma
Appendix 14 (cont.)
World Health Organization (WHO) Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
CHEMISTRIES (continued)
Hyperglycemis (note if fasting)
. or ketoacidosis or seizures
Hypocalcemia (corrected for albumin)
.
or life threatening arrhythmia or tetany
Hypercalcemia (correct for albumin)
life-threatening arrhythmia
Hypomagnesemia
or lifethreatening arrhythmia
Hypophosphatemia
or replacement Rx required
mtensive Rx or hospitalization required
or lifethreatening arrhythmia
Hyperbilirubinemia
ULN
1.6-2.5 × ULN
ULN
> 5xULN
BUN
ULN
2.6-5 x ULN
5.1-10x ULN
> 10 xULN
Creatinine
1.6-3.0x ULN
3.1-6x ULN
>6x ULN or required dialysis
URINALYSIS
Proteinuria
1+ or or or loss/day
2-3+or 0.3-1.0% or 1.2 gm loss/day
4+ or or g/L. loss/day
nephrotic syndrome or loss/day
Hematuria
microscopic only
gross, no clots
gross* clots
obstructive or required transfusion
CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION
Cardiac Rhythm
asymptomatic, transient signs, no Rx required
recurrent/persistent; No Rx required
requires treatment
Hypertension
transient inc. ; no Rx
recurrent, chronic, > 20 mm . Rx required
requires acute Rx; No hospitalization
requires hospitalization
Hypotension
transient orthostatic hypotension, No Rx
symptoms correctable with oral fluids Rx
requires IV fluids, no hospitalization required
requires hospitalization
Pericarditis
minimal effusion
mild/moderate asymptomatic effusion, no Rx
symptomatic effusion; pain; EKG changes
tamponade; pericardiocentesis or surgery required
Hemorrhage, Blood Loss
microscopic/occult
mild, no transfusion
gross blood loss; 1-2 units transfused
massive blood loss; units transfused
Appendix 14 (cont.)
World Health Organization (WHO) Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
RESPIRATORY
Cough
transient- no Rx
treatment associated cough local Rx
uncontrolled
Bronchospasm, Acute
transient, no Rx FEV (or peak flow)
requires Rx normalizes with bronchodilator; 50%-70% (or peak Flow)
no normalization with bronchodilator; 25%-50% (or peak flow retractions)
cyanosis FEV <25% (or peak flow) or intubated
GASTROINTESTINAL
Stomatitis
mild discomfort, no limits on activity
some limits on eating/drinking
eating/talking very limited
requires IV fluids
Nausea
mild discomfort; maintains reasonable intake
moderate disconfort; intake decreased significantly; some activity limited
severe discomfort, no significant intake: activities limited
minimal fluid intake
Vomiting
transient emesis
occasional/moderate vomiting
orthostatic hypotension or IV fluids required
hypotensive shock or hospitalization required for IV fluid therapy
Constipation
mild
moderate
severe
distensions w/vomiting
Diarrhea
transient 3-4 loose stools/day
5-7 loose stools/day
orthostatic hypotension or >7 loose stools/day or required IV fluids
hypotensive shock or hospitalization for IV fluid therapy required
mild difficulty concentrating; no Rx; mild confusion/agitation: ADL unaffected
moderate confusion/agitation some limitation of ADL, minimal Rx
severe confusion/agitation needs assistance for ADL; therapy required
toxic psychosis; hospitalization
Muscle Strength
subjective weakness no objective symptoms/ signs
mild objective signs/symptoms no decrease in function
objective weakness function limited
paralysis
Appendix 14 (cont.)
World Health Organization (WHO) Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
OTHER PARAMETERS
Fever oral, > 12 hours
37.7-38.5 Cor 100.0-101.5 F
38.6-39.5 Cor
39.6-40.5 C or 103-105 F
or
Headache
mild, no Rx therapy
transient, moderate; Rx required
severe, responds to initial narcotic therapy
intractable, required repeated narcotic therapy
Fatigue
no decrease in ADL
normal activity decreased 25-50%
normal activity decreased > 50% can't work
unable to care for self
Allergic Reaction
pruritus without rash
localized urticaria
generalized urticaria. angioedema
anaphylaxis
Local Reaction
tenderness or erythema
induration or phlebitis or inflammation
induration > 10 cm or ulceration
necrosis
Mucocutaneous
erythems, pruritus
diffuse, maculo papular rash, dry desquamation
vesiculation, moist desquamation or ulceration
exfoliative dermatitis, mucous membrane involvement or erythema, multiforme or suspected StevensJohnson or necrosis requiring surgery
PROTOCOL
TITLE:
A PHASE IIIb, DOUBLE-BLIND, MULTICENTER STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ALTEPLASE IN PATIENTS WITH MILD STROKE: RAPIDLY IMPROVING SYMPTOMS AND MINOR NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS (PRISMS)
PROTOCOL NUMBER:
ML29093
VERSION NUMBER:
3
EUDRACT NUMBER:
Not applicable
IND NUMBER:
3811
TEST PRODUCT:
Alteplase (RO5532960)
LEAD PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:
□ M.D.
MEDICAL MONITOR:
, M.D.
SPONSOR:
Genentech, Inc.
DATE FINAL:
Version 1: 27 November 2013
DATE AMENDED:
Version 2: 22 August 2014
Version 3: See electronic date stamp below
PROTOCOL APPROVAL
er's Name
Title
CONFIDENTIAL STATEMENT
The information contained in this document, especially any unpublished data, is the property of Genentech, Inc. (or under its control) and therefore is provided to you in confidence as an investigator, potential investigator, or consultant, for review by you, your staff, and an applicable Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board. It is understood that this information will not be disclosed to others without written authorization from Genentech except to the extent necessary to obtain informed consent from persons to whom the drug may be administered.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 3
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT, VERSION 3: RATIONALE
Protocol ML29093 has been amended to clarify the instructions for restarting study treatment in the case of symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Text was revised to clarify that, if ICH is not seen on imaging, study drug infusion should immediately be restarted in order to complete the infusion within 4 hours after the last known well time at the same rate as the previous infusion until the remainder of study drug is infused. It was previously stated that study drug infusion should immediately be restarted up to 5.5 hours after the last known well time.
Additional changes to the protocol are as follows:
The exclusion criterion regarding allergic reactions to study drug and/or aspirin was expanded to include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as well.
Additional minor changes have been made to improve clarity and consistency, and to adhere to protocol template standards. Substantive new information appears in italics. This amendment represents cumulative changes to the original protocol.
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT, VERSION 3: SUMMARY OF CHANGES
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS
The protocol synopsis has been updated to reflect the changes to the protocol, where applicable.
SECTION 4.1.2: Exclusion Criteria
Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry:
Allergic reactions to study drug,-or aspirin, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
SECTION 4.2: METHOD OF TREATMENT ASSIGNMENT AND BLINDING Study Unblinding
If the investigator wishes to know the identity of the study drug for any other reason, he or she must contact the Medical Monitor. - Treatment codes should not be broken except under circumstances deemed necessary by the site investigator. ...
SECTION 4.5.1.1: Informed Consent Forms and Screening Log
...The investigator will maintain a screening log of all patients who are identified to the stroke team/physician as arriving in the Emergency Department within 2.5 hours of onset of ischemic stroke who have an initial NIHSS score of . The investigator will record details of all patients not enrolled despite early arrival and record reasons for nonenrollment.
SECTION 4.7.2: Study Treatment Discontinuation
The study intervention should be discontinued if the patient displays symptoms concerning sICH during the infusion of the study drug. Prompt imaging should be done to assess for ICH. If ICH is seen, study drug infusion should not be resumed and the treatment assignment may be unblinded if blood products (to reverse the biological activity of IV alteplase) are indicated. If ICH is not seen, study drug infusion should immediately be restarted up to 5.5in order to complete the infusion within 4 hours after the last known well time at the same rate as the previous infusion until the remainder of study drug is infused.
SECTION 5.2: SAFETY PARAMETERS AND DEFINITIONS
Safety assessments will consist of monitoring and recording AEs, including SAEs and non-serious adverse events of special interest (AESIs), performing protocol-specified safety laboratory assessments, measurement ofperforming protocol-specified vital signs, and conducting other protocol-specified tests that are deemed critical to the safety evaluation of the study.
SECTION 5.3.3.3: Persistent or Recurrent Adverse Events
A persistent AE is one that extends continuously, without resolution, between patient evaluation timepoints. Such events should only be recorded once on the Adverse Event
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eCRF. The initial severity (intensity or grade) of the event should be recorded at the time the event is first reported. If a persistent becomes more severe, and-the most extreme severity should also be updated to reflect the most extreme severity any time the event worsens. If the event becomes serious,recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF should be updated to reflect this. If the event becomes serious, it should be reported to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning that the event became serious; see Section 5.4.1 for reporting instructions). The Adverse Event eCRF should be updated by changing the event from "non-serious" to "serious," providing the date that the event became serious, and completing all data fields related to SAEs.
A recurrent is one that resolves between patient evaluation timepoints and subsequently recurs. Each recurrence of an AE should be recorded as a separately event on the Adverse Event eCRF.
SECTION 5.3.3.4: Abnormal Laboratory Values
Observations of the same clinically significant laboratory abnormality from visit to visit should not-only be repeatedly-recorded once on the Adverse Event eCRF-unless the etiology changes. The initial severity of the event should be recorded, and the severity or seriousness should be updated any time the event worsens(see Section 5.3.3.3 for details on recording persistent AEs).
SECTION 5.3.3.5: Abnormal Vital Sign Values
Observations of the same clinically significant vital sign abnormality from visit to visit should not only be repeatedly-recorded once on the Adverse Event eCRF-unless the etiology changes. The initial severity of the event should be recorded, and the severity or seriousness should be updated any time the event worsens(see Section 5.3.3.3 for details on recording persistent AEs).
SECTION 5.3.3.10: Adverse Events Associated with an Overdose or Error in Drug Administration
...If the associated AE fulfills seriousness criteria, the event should be reported to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4.1).
SECTION 5.4: IMMEDIATE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FROM INVESTIGATOR TO SPONSOR
...The following is a list of events that the investigator must report to the Sponsor within 24 hours after learning of the event, regardless of relationship to study drug:
SAEs (see Section 5.4.2 for further details)
Non-serious AESIs (see Section 5.4.2 for further details)
Pregnancies (see Section 5.4.3 for further details)
SECTION 5.4.2: Reporting Requirements for Serious Adverse Events and Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest
After initiation of study drug, SAEs and non-serious AESIs will be reported until 90 days after the last dose of study drug. For reports of SAEs and non serious AESIs, iInvestigators should record all case details that can be gathered immediately (i.e., within 24 hours after learning of the event) on the Adverse Event eCRF and submit the report via the electronic data capture (EDC) system. A report will be generated and sent to the Sponsor's-Safety Risk Management department by the EDC system.
In the event that the EDC system is unavailable, a paperthe Serious Adverse Event/Adverse Event of Special Interest Reporting Form and fax cover sheet provided to investigators should be completed and faxed submitted to Safety Risk Management the Sponsor or its designee immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event), either by faxing or by scanning and emailing the form using the fax numbers or email address provided belowto investigators (and below). Once the EDC system is available, all information will need to be entered and submitted via the EDC system.
Sites:
Fax No.: (650) 225-4682
Alternate Fax No.: (650) 225-5288
Instructions for reporting post-study AEs are provided in Section 5.6.
SECTION 5.4.3.1: Pregnancies in Female Patients
In the event that the EDC system is unavailable, a-the Clinical Trial Pregnancy Reporting Form and fax cover sheetprovided to investigators should be completed and submittedfaxed to Safety Risk Management the Sponsor or its designee immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the pregnancy), either by faxing or scanning and emailing the form using the fax number or email address provided in Section 5.4.1to investigators. Once the EDC system is available, all information will need to be entered and submitted via the EDC system.
SECTION 5.5.1: Investigator Follow-Up
During the study period, resolution of AEs (with dates) should be documented on the Adverse Event eCRF and in the patient's medical record to facilitate source data verification. If, after follow up, return to baseline status or stabilization cannot be established, an explanation should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
SECTION 5.6: POST-STUDY ADVERSE EVENTS
The investigator is not required to actively monitor patients for AEs after the end of the AE reporting period (defined as 90 days after administration of study drug for SAEs and non-serious AESIs, and 30 days for non-serious AEs). However, the Sponsor should be notified if the investigator becomes aware of any , death, development of cancer, or
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a congenital anomaly/birth defect in a subsequently conceived offspring of a female patient exposed to study drug within 90 days after administration of study drug.
The investigator should report these events directly to Safety Risk Management the Sponsor via telephone at 1-888-835-2555.
SECTION 8.2: INFORMED CONSENT
The Sponsor's sample Informed Consent Form (and ancillary sample Informed Consent Forms such as a Child's Informed Assent Form or Garegiver's-Home Nursing Informed Consent Form, if applicable) will be provided to each site. ...
SECTION 9.5: PUBLICATION OF DATA AND PRTOECTION OF TRADE SECRETS
This section was added per protocol template standards.
APPENDIX 1: Schedule of Assessments
The Schedule of Assessments has been revised to reflect updates to protocol template language.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT ACCEPTANCE FORM ..... 13
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS ..... 14
BACKGROUND ..... 21
1.1 Background on Acute Ischemic Stroke ..... 21
1.2 Background on Alteplase ..... 21
1.2.1 Fibrinolysis and Tissue Plasminogen Activator ..... 21
1.3 Study Rationale and Benefit-Risk Assessment ..... 22
STUDY DESIGN ..... 25
3.1 Description of Study ..... 25
3.2 Length of Study ..... 27
3.3 End of Study ..... 27
3.3.1 Number of Patients ..... 27
3.4 Rationale for Study Design ..... 27
3.4.1 Rationale for Alteplase Dosage ..... 27
3.4.2 Rationale for Patient Population ..... 28
3.4.3 Rationale for Control Group ..... 30
3.5 Outcome Measures ..... 30
3.5.1 Efficacy Outcome Measures ..... 30
3.5.2 Safety Outcome Measures ..... 31
3.5.3 Exploratory Outcome Measures ..... 32
MATERIALS AND METHODS ..... 32
4.1 Patients ..... 32
4.1.1 Inclusion Criteria ..... 32
4.1.2 Exclusion Criteria ..... 33
4.2 Method of Treatment Assignment and Blinding ..... 34
4.3 Study Treatment ..... 35
4.3.1 Formulation, Packaging, and Handling ..... 35
4.3.1.1 Alteplase ..... 35
4.3.1.2 Alteplase Placebo ..... 36
4.3.1.3 Aspirin ..... 36
4.3.1.4 Aspirin Placebo ..... 36
4.3.2 Dosage, Administration, and Compliance ..... 36
4.3.2.1 Alteplase ..... 36
4.3.3 Investigational Medicinal Product Accountability ..... 37
4.3.4 Investigational Medicinal Product ..... 38
4.3.4.1 Alteplase and Placebo ..... 38
4.3.4.2 Non-investigational Medicinal Products ..... 38
4.3.5 Post-Trial Access to Alteplase ..... 38
4.4 Concomitant Therapy ..... 38
4.4.1 Permitted Therapy ..... 38
4.4.2 Prohibited Therapy ..... 38
4.5 Study Assessments ..... 39
4.5.1 Description of Study Assessments ..... 39
4.5.1.1 Informed Consent Forms and Screening Log ..... 39
4.5.1.2 Medical History and Demographic Data ..... 39
4.5.1.3 Neurological Examinations ..... 39
4.5.1.4 Vital Signs ..... 40
4.5.1.5 Laboratory Assessments ..... 40
4.5.1.6 Other Disease-Specific Assessments ..... 40
4.5.2 Patient-Reported Outcomes ..... 41
4.6 Timing of Study Assessments ..... 42
4.6.1 Screening/Baseline (Visit 1) ..... 42
4.6.2 Visit 2 (22 to 36 Hours after Treatment Initiation) ..... 42
4.6.3 Visit 3 (Day 5 or Discharge from Hospital, if Sooner than Day 5) ..... 43
4.6.4 Visit 4 (Day 30 [30 ± 7 Days]) ..... 43
4.6.5 Visit 5 (Day 90 [ ± 14 Days]/Study Completion) ..... 43
4.6.6 Early Discontinuation ..... 44
4.7 Patient, Treatment, Study, and Site Discontinuation ..... 44
4.7.1 Patient Discontinuation ..... 44
4.7.2 Study Treatment Discontinuation ..... 44
4.7.3 Study and Site Discontinuation ..... 45
ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY ..... 45
5.1 Safety Plan ..... 45
5.1.1 Risk of Bleeding ..... 46
5.1.2 Risk of Allergic Reactions ..... 46
5.2 Safety Parameters and Definitions ..... 46
5.2.1 Adverse Events ..... 47
5.2.2 Serious Adverse Events (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor) ..... 47
5.2.3 Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor) ..... 48
5.3 Methods and Timing for Capturing and Assessing Safety Parameters ..... 48
5.3.1 Adverse Event Reporting Period ..... 48
5.3.2 Assessment of Severity of Adverse Events ..... 49
5.3.3 Assessment of Causality of Adverse Events ..... 50
5.3.3.1 Diagnosis versus Signs and Symptoms ..... 50
5.3.3.2 Adverse Events Occurring Secondary to Other Events ..... 51
5.3.3.3 Persistent or Recurrent Adverse Events ..... 51
5.3.3.4 Abnormal Laboratory Values ..... 51
5.3.3.5 Abnormal Vital Sign Values ..... 52
5.3.3.6 Deaths ..... 53
5.3.3.7 Preexisting Medical Conditions ..... 53
5.3.3.8 Lack of Efficacy or Worsening of Acute Ischemic Stroke ..... 53
5.3.3.9 Hospitalization or Prolonged Hospitalization ..... 54
5.3.3.10 Adverse Events Associated with an Overdose or Error in Drug Administration ..... 54
5.3.3.11 Patient-Reported Outcome Data ..... 54
5.4 Immediate Reporting Requirements from Investigator to Sponsor ..... 54
5.4.1 Emergency Medical Contacts ..... 55
5.4.2 Reporting Requirements for Serious Adverse Events and Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest ..... 55
5.4.3 Reporting Requirements for Pregnancies ..... 56
5.4.3.1 Pregnancies in Female Patients ..... 56
5.4.3.2 Congenital Anomalies/Birth Defects and Abortions ..... 56
5.5 Follow-Up of Patients after Adverse Events ..... 56
5.5.1 Investigator Follow-Up ..... 56
5.5.2 Sponsor Follow-Up ..... 57
5.6 Post-Study Adverse Events ..... 57
5.7 Expedited Reporting to Health Authorities, Investigators, Institutional Review Boards, and Ethics Committees ..... 57
DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT ..... 60
7.1 Data Quality Assurance ..... 60
7.2 Electronic Case Report Forms ..... 60
7.3 Source Data Documentation ..... 61
7.4 Use of Computerized Systems ..... 61
7.5 Retention of Records ..... 62
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ..... 62
8.1 Compliance with Laws and Regulations ..... 62
8.2 Informed Consent ..... 62
8.3 Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee ..... 63
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8.4 Confidentiality ..... 63
8.5 Financial Disclosure ..... 64
STUDY DOCUMENTATION, MONITORING, AND ADMINISTRATION ..... 64
9.1 Study Documentation ..... 64
9.2 Protocol Violations ..... 64
9.3 Site Inspections ..... 64
9.4 Administrative Structure ..... 65
9.5 Publication of Data and Protection of Trade Secrets ..... 65
9.6 Protocol Amendments ..... 66
REFERENCES ..... 67
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Comparison of PRISMS and NINDS Studies ..... 24
Table 2 NIHSS Exclusion Criteria of Recently Completed and Ongoing Acute Ischemic Stroke Trials ..... 29
Table 3 Intracerebral Hemorrhage Definitions ..... 31
Table 4 Adverse Event Severity Grading Scale ..... 49
Table 5 Causal Attribution Guidance ..... 50
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Abbreviated Study Schema ..... 26
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Schedule of Assessments ..... 70
Appendix 2 Alteplase Administration ..... 73
Appendix 3 Reconstitution of Vials ..... 74
Appendix 4 European Quality of Life-5D (EQ-5D) Questionnaire ..... 75
Appendix 5 Stroke Index Scale (SIS-16) ..... 77
Appendix 6 Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression (CES-D) Scale, NIMH ..... 78
Appendix 7 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ..... 79
Appendix 8 Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ..... 83
Appendix 9 Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) ..... 84
Appendix 10 Barthel Index (BI) ..... 85
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Appendix 11 Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments ..... 87
Appendix 1210 Meter Walk Test ..... 98
Appendix 13 Preferred Terms for Intracranial Hemorrhage ..... 101
Appendix 14 World Health Organization (WHO) Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events ..... 102
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT ACCEPTANCE FORM
TITLE:
A PHASE IIIb, DOUBLE STUDY TO EVALUATE SAFETY OF ALTEPLAS STROKE: RAPIDLY IMP MINOR NEUROLOGIC
PROTOCOL NUMBER:
ML29093
VERSION NUMBER:
3
EUDRACT NUMBER:
Not applicable
IND NUMBER:
3811
TEST PRODUCT:
Alteplase (RO5532960)
LEAD PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:
□ M.D.
MEDICAL MONITOR:
M.D.
SPONSOR:
Genentech, Inc.
I agree to conduct the study in accordance with the current protocol.
Principal Investigator's Name (print)
Principal Investigator's Signature
Date
Please return a copy of this form as instructed by your local study monitor and retain a copy for your study files.
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS
TITLE: A PHASE IIIb, DOUBLE-BLIND, MULTICENTER STUDY TOEVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ALTEPLASE INPATIENTS WITH MILD STROKE: RAPIDLY IMPROVINGSYMPTOMS AND MINOR NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS (PRISMS)
PROTOCOL NUMBER: ML29093
VERSION NUMBER: ..... 3
EUDRACT NUMBER: ..... Not applicable
IND NUMBER: ..... 3811
TEST PRODUCT: Alteplase (RO5532960)
PHASE: ..... IIIb
INDICATION: Acute ischemic stroke
SPONSOR: Genentech, Inc.
Objectives
Primary Objectives
The primary objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of intravenous (IV) alteplase for treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with mild stroke (also known as "minor neurologic deficit" and "rapidly improving stroke symptoms"), defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and not clearly disabling, within 3 hours of last known well time as measured by the proportion of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1 at Day 90.
Secondary Objectives
The secondary objectives of this study are as follows:
To further evaluate efficacy of IV alteplase to improve mild stroke outcomes at Day 90 via:
Ordinal mRS
Global favorable recovery (Global Outcome Measure derived from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, Barthel Index [BI] , and Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS]=1)
Stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs)
Exploratory Objectives
The exploratory objectives for this study include subgroup analyses of the primary efficacy outcome variable in subgroups defined by age (<65 vs. ), pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. ), last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours), and stroke subgroups (rapidly improving stroke symptoms [RISS] vs. non-RISS), respectively.
The following endpoints will also be explored:
NIHSS
BI
GOS
Stroke recurrence (based on AE monitoring) within 90 days
Cognition and behavior (modified 30 -minute battery: Controlled Oral Word Association test; Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R] trials 1, 2, and 3; digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III [WAIS III]; Forward and Backward Digit Span test; Benton Judgment of Line Orientation, form V; HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition; semantic fluency [Animal Naming test]; and Boston Naming Test [BNT; 15-item short form]) at Day 90
Ambulatory performance (as measured by walking speed) at Day 90
Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D)
Quality of life (European Quality of Life [EQ-5D] questionnaire) at Day 90
Stroke Impact Scale-16 (SIS-16) at Day 90
Study Design
Description of Study
PRISMS is a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, Phase IIIb study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IV alteplase in AIS patients with mild strokes that do not appear to be clearly disabling. The trial will consist of a screening assessment, randomization, and treatment followed by a Day 5 visit, 30 -day phone call, and a 90 -day follow-up visit. Treatment should start within 3 hours from last known well time (stroke symptom onset).
Screening assessments will be used to determine the eligibility of the patient. Patients meeting eligibility criteria will be randomized in a ratio to receive either:
One dose of alteplase IV (not to exceed 90 mg ) and one dose of oral aspirin placebo, OR
One dose of IV alteplase placebo and one dose of oral aspirin 325 mg .
Number of Patients
Approximately 948 patients with AIS and mild strokes will be enrolled in the study across 75 sites in North America.
Target Population
Inclusion Criteria
Patients must meet the following criteria for study entry:
Age years (no upper age limit)
Mild ischemic stroke defined as the most recent pre-treatment NIHSS score of and determined to be not clearly disabling by the investigator. This includes patients with persistently mild deficits as well as those who improve to a pre-treatment NIHSS score (also known as RISS).
Study treatment can be initiated within 3 hours of last known well time without stroke symptoms (i.e., last seen normal).
Signed informed consent prior to initiation of any study-specific procedure or treatment. The patient or the patient's legally authorized representative must be able to provide written informed consent and understand the potential risks and benefits from study enrollment and treatment.
Exclusion Criteria
Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry:
Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings consisting of one of the following:
CT with clear large hypodensity that is greater than one-third middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory),
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MRI with clear large hyperintensity on concurrent diffusion-weighted (DW) and fluidattenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) that is greater than one-third MCA territory (or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory),
Imaging lesion consistent with acute hemorrhage of any degree, OR
Evidence of intraparenchymal tumor
Disability prior to the presenting stroke (historical mRS score )
Standard contraindications to IV alteplase for patients treated within 3 hours of symptom onset, including:
Head trauma or previous stroke within the previous 3 months
Myocardial infarction within the previous 3 months
Gastrointestinal or urinary tract hemorrhage within the previous 21 days
Major surgery within the previous 14 days
Arterial puncture at a non-compressible site within the previous 7 days
Any history of ICH with the exception of chronic microbleeds on MRI
Elevated blood pressure (systolic or diastolic ), or the use of aggressive measures (use of more than two intravenous agents to lower blood pressure) to achieve blood pressure within acceptable parameters
Treatment with unfractionated heparin within the last 48 hours and activated partial thromboplastin time outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Blood glucose
International normalized ratio (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Platelet count of (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (including novel oral anticoagulants [e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban]) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin (e.g., dalteparin, enoxaparin) within the last 48 hours
Allergic reactions to study drug, aspirin, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Females of childbearing age who are known to be pregnant and/or lactating, or who have a positive pregnancy test on admission
Inability to swallow, which would prevent oral intake of aspirin or aspirin placebo tablet
Other serious, advanced, or terminal illness that would confound the clinical outcome at 90 days
Current or recent (within 3 months) participation in another investigational drug treatment protocol
Anticipated inability to obtain 3 -month follow-up assessments
Previous enrollment in PRISMS
Any other condition that the investigator feels would pose a significant hazard to the patient if treatment with alteplase is initiated
Length of Study
Based on study enrollment projections, this study is estimated to take approximately 4 years to complete, from first patient in to last patient's last visit (LPLV), when the final patient completes the 90-day follow-up.
End of Study
The end of the study is defined as the date when the LPLV occurs. The LPLV is expected to occur approximately 90 days ( days) after the last patient is enrolled into the study.
Efficacy Outcome Measures
The primary efficacy outcome measure for this study is:
A favorable functional outcome, defined by an mRS score of 0 or 1 at Day 90 post-randomization
All mRS assessments will be made by investigators blinded to treatment assignment who are trained and certified in mRS administration.
The secondary efficacy outcomes at Day 90 include:
Ordinal mRS
Global favorable recovery (Global Outcome Measure derived from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, , and )
Safety Outcome Measures
The safety outcome measures for this study are as follows:
Incidence of sICH within 36 hours (primary safety assessment)
sICH is defined as any neurological decline attributed to new ICH seen on imaging by the investigator. New ICH seen on imaging will be later confirmed on independent reading by blinded central study radiologists.
Any ICH within 36 hours
Overall mortality within 90 days
Stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all AEs and SAEs
Investigational Medicinal Products
Test Product (Investigational Drug)
Patients randomized to the active arm will receive treatment with of IV alteplase (maximum 90 mg ) per standard stroke dosing.
Comparator
Patients randomized to the placebo arm will receive IV alteplase placebo consisting of 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80, and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
Non-Investigational Medicinal Products
Comparator
To maintain standard medical care, patients randomized to the IV alteplase placebo arm will receive 325 mg of oral aspirin at the same time that they receive IV alteplase placebo.
Comparator
Patients in the IV alteplase active arm will receive an oral aspirin placebo tablet at the same time they receive IV alteplase. The placebo will be identical in appearance to active aspirin to maintain treatment blinding.
Statistical Methods
Primary Analysis
The primary efficacy analysis will test the hypothesis of superiority of IV alteplase therapy over standard medical care in AIS patients with mild deficits. The primary efficacy outcome is the proportion of patients with a favorable outcome, defined by mRS score of 0 or 1 at 90 days post-randomization. The difference in the proportion of mRS responders (favorable outcome) at 90 days post-randomization between the IV alteplase arm and the standard medical care arm will be compared via a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, stratified by pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. ), age ( vs. ), and last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours). The primary efficacy analysis will include all randomized patients, with patients grouped according to the treatment assigned at
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randomization adhering to the intent-to-treat (ITT) principle. As a sensitivity analysis, results from the univariate Pearson's chi-square test will also be presented.
Determination of Sample Size
A sample size of 856 is required in order to achieve power for the primary analysis to detect an effect size of absolute difference in the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes between the alteplase and control arms. The above sample size calculation assumes a control proportion of and Type I error probability of 0.025 (one-sided), and uses a group sequential design with one interim analysis for futility (non-binding), based on an O'BrienFleming boundary, after of the anticipated sample size have completed the 90 -day follow-up assessments. was used in sample size calculation.
The ITT principle will be applied to the primary analysis and, therefore, to safeguard against dilution of the treatment effect associated with an approximate non-adherence rate (due to lost to follow-up, consent withdrawal, treatment crossovers, and stroke mimics), the above sample needs to be inflated by a factor of or 1.108 (Friedman et al. 1998). Therefore, a total sample size of 948 is required for this study.
Interim Analysis
One interim analysis of the primary efficacy outcome is planned for clear futility, conducted according to the beta-spending approach (Pampallona et al. 2001) with an O'Brien-Fleming-type boundary. This futility analysis will occur after approximately of patients (or 474) have completed the 90-day assessment.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Abbreviation
Definition
AE
adverse event
AESI
adverse event of special interest
AIS
acute ischemic stroke
aPTT
activated partial thromboplastin time
BI
Barthel Index
BNT
Boston Naming Test
CES-D
Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression
CRO
contract research organization
CT
computed tomography
DW
diffusion-weighted
EC
Ethics Committee
eCRF
electronic Case Report Form
EDC
electronic data capture
EEA
European Economic Area
EQ-5D
European Quality of Life questionnaire
EU
European Union
FDA
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FLAIR
fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
GOS
Glasgow Outcome Scale
GRE
gradient echo
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HVLT-R
Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised
ICH
intracranial hemorrhage
ID
identification
iDCC
independent Data Coordinating Center
iDMC
independent Data Monitoring Committee
IMP
investigational medicinal product
IND
Investigational New Drug (application)
INR
international normalized ratio
IRB
Institutional Review Board
IST-3
third International Stroke Trial
ITT
intent-to-treat
IU
international units
IV
intravenous
IWRS
Interactive Web Response System
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Abbreviation
Definition
LHH
likelihood of being helped vs. harmed
LPLV
last patient's last visit
MCA
middle cerebral artery
MedDRA
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
mRS
modified Rankin Scale
NIHSS
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
NINDS
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
NNH
number needed to harm
NNT
number needed to treat
PRO
patient-reported outcome
RISS
rapidly improving stroke symptoms
rPH
remote parenchymal hematoma
SAE
serious adverse event
SAP
Statistical Analysis Plan
sICH
symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage
SIS-16
Stroke Impact Scale-16
STIAMP
Suspected Transmission of an Infectious Agent via a Medicinal Product
SWFI
sterile water for injection
SW
susceptibility-weighted
t-PA
tissue plasminogen activator
U.S.
United States
USPI
U.S. Package Insert
WAIS III
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III
WHO
World Health Organization
1. BACKGROUND
1.1 BACKGROUND ON ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States (U.S.). Nearly 800,000 strokes occur in the U.S. annually; of these, approximately are ischemic in nature (Rosamond et al. 2007). Treatment options are limited, as the only approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is alteplase, which is to be used in eligible patients and started within 3 hours from the onset of stroke symptoms. Stroke with "only minor or rapidly improving stroke symptoms" is considered a relative exclusion by national clinical guidelines, as these patients were largely excluded from definitive trials to date (Jauch et al. 2013). Consistent with this recommendation, only of alteplase recipients have mild strokes (Smith et al. 2011).
More than half of all ischemic stroke patients have mild strokes at initial presentation in population-based studies (Dhamoon et al. 2009; Reeves et al. 2013). Yet, a substantial proportion of ischemic stroke patients who arrive within hours of symptom onset are not treated with intravenous (IV) alteplase primarily due to mild symptoms at the time of the treatment decision (Smith et al. 2011; De Los Rios la Rosa et al. 2012). In a national registry, among 93,517 cases arriving to Emergency Departments within 2 hours, were not treated solely due to mild or improving symptoms, and of untreated cases had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (Smith et al. 2011).
While treatment of mild stroke is generally uncommon, leading stroke centers vary widely in their approach. For example, the proportion of mild stroke patients (NIHSS ) treated with reperfusion therapies at National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Specialized Programs of Translational Research in Acute Stroke (SPOTRIAS) centers ranged from 2%-16% in 2008-2009 (Willey et al. 2012). This variability in approach is also evident upon discussion with former leaders of the pivotal NINDS trials; some physicians treat all eligible stroke patients regardless of severity, and others treat only a minority of patients
personal communication). There is unquestionable community equipoise regarding the acute treatment of the mild stroke population.
1.2 BACKGROUND ON ALTEPLASE
1.2.1 Fibrinolysis and Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Physiologic dissolution of a thrombus depends primarily on the proteolytic action of plasmin formed from plasminogen at the site of a clot. The mechanism for this activation in vivo has not been definitively established. Plasminogen, the zymogen precursor of plasmin, may be activated by substances found in the plasma milieu, in tissue (tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA]), in urine (urokinase), and in bacteria (streptokinase). The generated plasmin may be inhibited by plasma proteins such as -antiplasmin and -macroglobulin (Robbins 1982).
Kinetic analyses suggest that plasminogen activation in the presence of fibrin occurs after the binding of plasminogen and t-PA at the clot site. t-PA has a high affinity for fibrin, thereby efficiently activating the fibrin-bound plasminogen and converting it to plasmin. Plasmin, which when bound to fibrin is protected from rapid inactivation by -antiplasmin, then proceeds to digest the fibrin clot.
See the Activase (alteplase) U.S. Package Insert (USPI) for additional details on nonclinical and clinical studies.
1.3 STUDY RATIONALE AND BENEFIT-RISK ASSESSMENT
Alteplase is the only approved therapeutic agent for the treatment of AIS and is widely accepted as the standard of care for eligible patients (Edlow et al. 2013; Jauch et al. 2013). The currently approved alteplase USPI contains wording that recommends against use of alteplase in patients with "minor neurological deficit or with rapidly improving stroke symptoms" due to the fact this patient population has not been evaluated. Furthermore, the current American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council Guidelines include "minor and rapidly improving stroke symptoms (clearing spontaneously)" as a relative exclusion criterion for alteplase (Jauch et al. 2013). This is largely due to the aforementioned label wording not recommending treatment of patients with minor neurological deficit or with rapidly improving stroke symptoms (RISS), the lack of a consistent and consensus definition on who constitutes this patient population, and the absence of definitive evidence of alteplase efficacy in this setting (Levine et al. 2013). Therefore, this trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alteplase in confirmed AIS patients with minor neurological deficit or with RISS, which will be referred to collectively as "mild stroke" throughout the protocol.
To date, all completed major randomized acute stroke trials have excluded patients with mild strokes to varying degrees. In the two NINDS trials, such patients were excluded according to the protocol (largely to prevent patients with transient ischemic attacks from being enrolled if they were having rapidly improving symptoms), but did not include an explicit definition of mild stroke except for pure sensory stroke, isolated ataxia, isolated dysarthria, and isolated facial weakness (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 1995). The operational definition for stroke symptoms too mild to treat was left to the judgment of the randomizing physician (Levine et al. 2013). Interestingly, a post hoc analysis of the 624 patients in the NINDS trial revealed that there were 58 patients ( ) enrolled with an NIHSS score , none of whom had isolated motor symptoms, isolated facial droop, isolated ataxia, dysarthria, isolated sensory, and three or fewer of each of additional isolated deficits (Khatri et al. 2010). Perhaps more significantly, 2971 patients were excluded primarily due to "rapidly improving" or "minor symptoms." However, a significant unmet medical need exists for patients with mild stroke. Available outcome data for patients with mild stroke who do not receive alteplase consistently demonstrate a high rate of suboptimal outcomes. Specifically, in two different prospective databases
of patients with mild deficits (NIHSS score ) and no baseline disability, approximately one-third were significantly disabled (as measured by modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 2-6) at 90 days (Fischer et al. 2010; Khatri et al. 2012; , personal communication).
Existing, albeit limited, data suggest that the potential benefit-risk ratio for alteplase in mild stroke should be favorable. Gonzales et al. demonstrated better functional outcomes among mild strokes treated with IV alteplase compared to those not treated in a large, single-center, retrospective cohort; this was shown with two different thresholds of stroke severity (NIHSS and NIHSS ) (Gonzales et al. 2006). Additionally, a recent post hoc analysis of the subset of the third International Stroke Trial (IST-3) patients with mild strokes (pre-treatment NIHSS who met all other NINDS rt-PA study eligibility criteria) showed a trend toward benefit for alteplase □ , personal communication). For PRISMS, the primary efficacy outcome assumption ( ) is a absolute treatment effect of alteplase relative to placebo. This assumption is based on several retrospective analyses of similar patient populations (Köhrmann et al. 2009; Fischer el al. 2010; Hassan et al. 2010b; Khatri et al. 2012) as well as the aforementioned IST-3 trial subgroup analysis , personal communication).
The most prevalently reported and life-threatening adverse event (AE) associated with alteplase treatment for acute ischemic stroke is symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Post hoc analyses, case series, and retrospective studies in patients with mild stroke suggest an absolute sICH rate of with alteplase treatment (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 2005; Baumann 2006; Gonzales et al. 2006; Köhrmann et al. 2009; Steffenhagen et al. 2009; Hassan et al. 2010a; Hassan et al. 2010b; Huisa et al. 2012). These data are consistent with analyses of IV alteplase trials of more severe patients suggesting that stroke severity, as measured by the NIHSS score, is a strong predictor of sICH risk (Khatri et al. 2007). No data exist to estimate the sICH rate for patients with mild stroke who did not receive t-PA; therefore, for this study, we are using a sICH rate for the placebo arm, which is likely a conservative estimate. An absolute sICH difference of at 36 hours (primary safety endpoint) has been assumed for the alteplase arm vs. the placebo control arm in the proposed study. For this study, sICH has been defined as any neurologic decline attributed to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) seen on imaging by the local investigator within 36 hours of study drug administration, consistent with the NINDS trial definition for sICH (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 1995).
Assuming the proposed study demonstrates both a absolute treatment effect rate, the number of patients needed to treat (NNT) to show benefit (i.e., mRS score of ) for one patient is 11 . Assuming a absolute difference in sICH rate in patients treated with alteplase, the corresponding value for the number needed to harm (NNH), specifically for sICH, is conservatively estimated to be 50 . The actual number NNH, or the number of patients who would have worse outcomes at 90 days with alteplase compared to placebo treatment, is likely to be much higher than is reflected by the sICH
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rate alone, as many patients who experience sICH have severe baseline infarcts and are destined for poor outcomes (Saver 2007).
For comparison, the absolute treatment effect for mRS score of at 90 days was for the NINDS-sponsored pivotal study for alteplase. This equates to an NNT of 7.9. In the same study, the absolute difference in sICH was at hours post-treatment, or an NNH of 17.2 (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 1995).
Table 1 Comparison of PRISMS and NINDS Studies
Study
Absolute Treatment Effect (%)
Absolute Difference in sICH (%)
NNT
NNH
LHH
Proposed study in patients with mild stroke and RISS
9
2
11
50
0.22
NINDS-sponsored pivotal study for alteplase
13
7.9
17.2
0.46
LHH=likelihood of being helped vs. harmed; NINDS=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; NNH=number needed to harm; NNT=number needed to treat; RISS=rapidly improving stroke symptoms; sICH=symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. LHH is the likelihood of being helped versus harmed and is the ratio between the NNT and the NNH. The LHH has been proposed as an expression to capture both the NNT and the NNH into a single value. An LHH below 1.0 indicates the expected benefits outweigh the possible harm. The lower the LHH, the more favorable the benefit-risk ratio is for the treatment in the patient population of interest (Demaerschalk 2007). In the NINDS study, patients who received alteplase and developed sICH within 36 hours had a mortality rate of (NINDS rt-PA Study Group 2005).
2. OBJECTIVES
2.1 PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of IV alteplase for treatment of AIS in patients with mild stroke (also known as "minor neurologic deficit" and "rapidly improving stroke symptoms"), defined as an NIHSS score and not clearly disabling, within 3 hours of last known well time as measured by the proportion of patients with mRS score of 0-1 at Day 90.
2.2 SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
The secondary objectives of this study are as follows:
To further evaluate efficacy of IV alteplase to improve mild stroke outcomes at Day 90 via:
Ordinal mRS
Global favorable recovery (Global Outcome Measure derived from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, Barthel Index [BI] , and Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS]=1)
To evaluate safety as measured by:
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sICH within 36 hours (primary safety assessment)
Any ICH within 36 hours
Mortality within 90 days
Stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all AEs and serious adverse events (SAEs)
2.3 EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES
The exploratory objectives for this study include subgroup analyses of the primary efficacy outcome variable as defined by age (<65 vs. ), pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. ), last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours), and stroke subgroups (RISS vs. non-RISS), respectively.
The following endpoints will also be explored:
NIHSS
BI
GOS
Stroke recurrence (based on AE monitoring) within 90 days
Cognition and behavior (modified 30 -minute battery: Controlled Oral Word Association test; Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R] trials 1, 2, and 3; digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III [WAIS III]; Forward and Backward Digit Span test; Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test, form V; HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition; semantic fluency [Animal Naming test]; Boston Naming Test [BNT; 15-item short form]) at Day 90
Ambulatory performance (as measured by walking speed) at Day 90
Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D)
Quality of life (European Quality of Life [EQ-5D] questionnaire) at Day 90
Stroke Impact Scale-16 (SIS-16) at Day 90
3. STUDY DESIGN
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY
PRISMS is a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, Phase IIIb study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IV alteplase in AIS patients with mild strokes that do not appear to be clearly disabling. The trial will consist of a screening assessment, randomization, and treatment followed by a Day 5 visit, 30 -day phone call, and a 90 -day follow-up visit. Treatment should start within 3 hours from last known well time (stroke symptom onset).
Screening assessments will be used to determine the eligibility of the patient. Patients meeting eligibility criteria will be randomized in a ratio to receive either:
One dose of alteplase IV (not to exceed 90 mg ) and one dose of oral aspirin placebo, OR
One dose of IV alteplase placebo and one dose of oral aspirin 325 mg (Figure 1).
Every effort should be made to ensure both study drugs are initiated within 3 hours of last known well time. If institutional policies on oral medications make it challenging to administer the oral aspirin/aspirin placebo within 3 hours of last known well time, the oral study drug may be given up to 24 hours after the last known well time. IV alteplase/IV alteplase placebo MAY NOT be initiated beyond 3 hours of last known well time under any circumstances.
A full schedule of assessments is provided in Appendix 1.
Figure 1 Abbreviated Study Schema
ASA = aspirin; CT= computed tomography; IV=intravenous; MRI= magnetic resonance imaging; mRS modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
Due to the emergency nature of randomization in acute stroke clinical trials, treatment assignments must be made in an expeditious manner that also ensures even distribution in the treatment groups. A "step forward" randomization regimen stratified by site will be used to ensure that a randomized treatment assignment is available upon patients' arrival at the hospital and treatment can initiate immediately upon signing informed consent and eligibility confirmation. Further details on step forward randomization can be found in Section 4.2, Method of Treatment Assignment and Blinding.
An independent Data Monitoring Committee (iDMC) will provide ongoing review of potential safety concerns and review efficacy and safety outcomes to inform a futility interim analysis after 50% of patients have achieved the primary endpoint (following completion of the Day 90 visit). The composition of the iDMC and analysis will be documented in detail in a separate iDMC charter.
3.2 LENGTH OF STUDY
Based on study enrollment projections, this study is estimated to take approximately 4 years to complete, from first patient in to last patient's last visit (LPLV), when the final patient completes the 90-day follow-up.
3.3 END OF STUDY
The end of the study is defined as the date when the LPLV occurs. The LPLV is expected to occur approximately 90 days ( days) after the last patient is enrolled into the study.
3.3.1 Number of Patients
Approximately 948 patients with AIS and mild strokes will be enrolled in the study across 75 sites in North America.
3.4 RATIONALE FOR STUDY DESIGN
This study is designed to assess whether alteplase administered within 3 hours of last known well time is superior to standard of care (i.e., aspirin) in patients with mild stroke. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive either IV alteplase plus aspirin placebo or IV alteplase placebo plus aspirin 325 mg ; hence, this is an active-comparator trial. Other than the study intervention, patients will receive standard of care for AIS at the enrolling institutions. The primary endpoint using the mRS assessment of global disability at 90 days is standard for current AIS trials.
The study design of PRISMS has the following characteristics:
Consistent with the currently approved indication in the alteplase USPI: Treatment with alteplase in PRISMS will occur in otherwise eligible AIS patients within 3 hours from the last known well time.
Conduct of a large, multicenter study: The Sponsor plans to enroll 948 patients across approximately 75 sites in North America. (For comparison, the two NINDS trials enrolled a total of 624 patients.)
Multiple endpoints involving different events: In addition to the primary efficacy endpoint of mRS at Day 90, which measures disability, secondary endpoints at Day 90 will include an ordinal mRS assessment and global favorable recovery, as calculated using the Global Outcome Measure derived from the mRS, NIHSS, BI, and GOS.
3.4.1 Rationale for Alteplase Dosage
The dose selected for alteplase ( , maximum 90 mg ) is the approved dose for eligible patients with AIS in North America and is considered the standard of care by the stroke community (Jauch et al. 2013).
3.4.2 Rationale for Patient Population
The patients for this trial will be recruited from all AIS patients presenting to Emergency Departments in whom treatment can be initiated within 3 hours of last known well time at approximately 75 clinical sites within North America. As described in Section 1.3, eligible patients with mild stroke will be enrolled in this study. Currently, the alteplase USPI warns against the use of alteplase in patients with "minor neurologic deficit and rapidly improving stroke symptoms" due to lack of data. Retrospective and observational data suggest potential benefit of alteplase in these patients, with a favorable benefit-risk profile.
The definition of mild stroke for PRISMS is an NIHSS score and not clearly disabling. This includes patients whose symptoms are persistently mild as well as those with RISS.
An NIHSS score was chosen as one criterion in the definition of mild stroke for PRISMS for the following reasons:
An NIHSS score is commonly used as an exclusion criterion for many current AIS studies, suggesting that these patients are underrepresented in current stroke research and are treated differently by the stroke community, as shown in Table 2.
The largest retrospective analysis of mild stroke from the Get With the Guidelines registry included 29,200 stroke patients who did not receive alteplase due to mild or improving symptoms. This analysis found that of patients with mild or rapidly improving stroke who did not receive alteplase (and had a recorded NIHSS score) had an initial NIHSS score (Smith et al. 2011).
Based on these findings, an NIHSS score was determined to be the most appropriate cut-off to define the patient population with mild stroke.
Table 2 NIHSS Exclusion Criteria of Recently Completed and Ongoing Acute Ischemic Stroke Trials
Recently Completed AIS Trials
Exclusion
Ongoing AIS Trials
Exclusion
Combined Approach to Lysis Utilizing Eptifibatide and rt-PA in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CLEAR Stroke) Trial
ARTSS
Intravenous Thrombolysis Plus Hypothermia for Acute Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
NIHSS
SHINE
NIHSS < 3
Albumin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (ALIAS) Part One
NIHSS
The Intravascular Cooling in the Treatment of Stroke 2/3 (ICTuS 2/3) Trial (ICTuS2/3)
Study of the Combination Therapy of rt-PA and Eptifibati5.3.3.8de to Treat Acute Ischemic Stroke (CLEAR-ER)
NIHSS
Safety/Feasibility of Autologous Mononuclear Bone Marrow Cells in Stroke Patients
Albumin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (ALIAS) Part Two
SWIFT PRIME
Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE)
PENUMBRA THERAPY
NeuroThera Efficacy and Safety Trial-3 (NEST3)
PENUMBRA 3D
CLOTBUST-ER
AIS=acute ischemic stroke; NIHSS=National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
Source: www.clinicaltrials.gov. Accessed August 2013. Note that the NIHSS criteria for the trials listed are mentioned in the inclusion criteria, whereas the entries in the above table were adapted to list the corresponding exclusion criteria.
It is notable that the alteplase USPI (2011) distinguishes patients with minor neurological deficit from those with RISS. However, PRISMS combines these two patient groups into one operationally defined patient population (mild stroke): all eligible patients with an NIHSS score at the time of randomization without clearly disabling symptoms, irrespective of previous NIHSS scores. Data demonstrating low alteplase use in patients with NIHSS scores do not distinguish between whether the patient's deficit was persistently mild or improved to this status (Smith et al. 2011). Furthermore, no data exist that suggest patients who improved to a mild status at the time of treatment with alteplase have different outcomes from patients whose neurologic deficit is persistently mild. To date, available data suggest that alteplase therapy would potentially be beneficial in both patients with RISS who improve to an NIHSS score and patients with persistently mild deficits with an NIHSS score .
Conversely, patients who improve to an NIHSS score > 5 at the time of treatment decision will be excluded from PRISMS as they are not considered to have RISS. Current clinical practice suggests that these patients would still have a moderate or severe stroke at the time of treatment decision and should receive alteplase, if eligible, rather than be randomized to a study. Such patients should not be defined as rapidly improving, given that they have not improved to an NIHSS score low enough to merit withholding therapy. This definition of RISS is consistent with a recent consensus statement by leading stroke and emergency medicine experts (Levine et al. 2013).
PRISMS will also exclude patients who are assessed at the time of pre-treatment to be clearly disabled. These clearly disabling deficits at presentation may include, but are not limited to, homonymous hemianopsia, severe limb weakness, severe aphasia, hemineglect, or cortical blindness. Patients with clearly disabling deficits will be excluded from this study irrespective of the NIHSS score at time of randomization, as current clinical practice and ethical responsibility suggest that these patients should be evaluated to receive alteplase rather than be enrolled in a randomized study where they may receive alteplase placebo.
3.4.3 Rationale for Control Group
The overall rationale for this trial is to determine whether IV alteplase improves outcomes in patients with mild stroke. The control group (i.e., mild stroke patients who receive standard of care) has been included so that outcomes in the active treatment group can be compared to those who receive standard of care. The control group will receive IV alteplase placebo and 325 mg of oral aspirin. The rationale for the control group receiving aspirin is that it would be unethical to withhold a dose of aspirin from patients who would not be receiving active study drug. The standard of care for patients suffering from AIS who are ineligible for IV alteplase therapy is oral aspirin administered within the first 24 hours after the onset of their stroke symptoms.
3.5 OUTCOME MEASURES
3.5.1 Efficacy Outcome Measures
The primary efficacy outcome measure for this study is:
A favorable functional outcome, defined by an mRS score of 0 or 1 at Day 90 post-randomization
All mRS assessments will be made by investigators blinded to treatment assignment who are trained and certified in mRS administration.
The secondary efficacy outcomes are measured at Day 90 and listed below:
Ordinal mRS
Global favorable recovery (Global Outcome Measure derived from mRS 0-1, NIHSS 0-1, BI , and GOS=1)
3.5.2 Safety Outcome Measures
The safety outcome measures for this study are as follows:
Incidence of sICH within 36 hours (primary safety assessment)
sICH is defined as any neurological decline attributed to new ICH seen on imaging by the investigator. New ICH seen on imaging will be later confirmed on independent reading by blinded central study radiologists.
Any ICH within 36 hours
Overall mortality within 90 days
Stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days
Incidence, severity, and spectrum of all AEs and SAEs
Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
In this study, an ICH is considered symptomatic if it is not seen on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at baseline and any neurologic decline is attributed to it by the local investigator. To detect intracranial hemorrhage, neuroimaging (CT or MRI) scan is required at 22 to 36 hours. Additional neuroimaging should be performed at any time based on the investigator's discretion that clinical findings suggested hemorrhage. Details on MRI types are described in Section 4.5.1.6.
Intracranial hemorrhage events will include classifications of intracerebral hemorrhage (hemorrhagic infarct type 1 or type 2, parenchymal hematoma type 1 or type 2, or remote intraparenchymal hemorrhage type 1 or type 2). Descriptions of each type of intracerebral hemorrhage are shown in the table below. Additionally, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, or epidural hemorrhage should be noted.
Table 3 Intracerebral Hemorrhage Definitions
Type
Description
HI type 1
Small petechiae along margin of infarct
HI type 2
More confluent petechiae within the infarcted area but without spaceoccupying effect
PH type 1
Hematoma in of the infarcted area with some slight space-occupying effect
PH type 2
Dense hematoma total of the infarcted area with substantial spaceoccupying effect or any hemorrhagic area outside the infarcted area
rPH type 1
Small or medium sized blood clots located remote from the actual infarct; a mild space-occupying effect could be present. Remote primary intracerebral hemorrhage
rPH type 2
Large confluent dense blood clots in an area remote from the actual infarct; substantial space-occupying effect might be present.
HI=hemorrhagic infarct; PH=parenchymal hematoma; rPH=remote parenchymal hematoma.
Source: Wahlgren et al. 2007.
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3.5.3 Exploratory Outcome Measures
The exploratory outcome measures for this study are as follows:
NIHSS at Day 90
Instrumental activities of daily living, as measured by the BI at Day 90
GOS at Day 90
Stroke recurrence (based on AE monitoring) within 90 days
Cognition and behavior (modified 30 -minute battery: Controlled Oral Word Association test; Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R] trials 1, 2, and 3; digit symbol coding from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III [WAIS III]; Forward and Backward Digit Span test; Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test, form V; HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition; semantic fluency [Animal Naming test]; Boston Naming Test [BNT 15-item short form]) at Day 90
Ambulatory performance (as measured by walking speed) at Day 90
Depression (CES-D score) at Day 90
Quality of life (EQ-5D questionnaire) at Day 90
SIS-16 at Day 90
4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.1 PATIENTS
This study will include adult patients with AIS.
4.1.1 Inclusion Criteria
Patients must meet the following criteria for study entry:
Age years (no upper age limit)
Mild ischemic stroke defined as the most recent pre-treatment NIHSS score of and determined to be not clearly disabling by the investigator. This includes patients with persistently mild deficits as well as those who improve to a pre-treatment NIHSS score (also known as RISS).
Study treatment can be initiated within 3 hours of last known well time without stroke symptoms (i.e., last seen normal).
Signed informed consent prior to initiation of any study-specific procedure or treatment. The patient or the patient's legally authorized representative must be able to provide written informed consent and understand the potential risks and benefits from study enrollment and treatment.
4.1.2 Exclusion Criteria
Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry:
CT or MRI findings consisting of one of the following:
CT with clear large hypodensity that is greater than one-third middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory),
MRI with clear large hyperintensity on concurrent diffusion-weighted (DW) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) that is greater than one-third MCA territory (or greater than 100 cc if not in MCA territory),
Imaging lesion consistent with acute hemorrhage of any degree, OR
Evidence of intraparenchymal tumor
Disability prior to the presenting stroke (historical mRS score )
Standard contraindications to IV alteplase for patients treated within 3 hours of symptom onset, including:
Head trauma or previous stroke within the previous 3 months
Myocardial infarction within the previous 3 months
Gastrointestinal or urinary tract hemorrhage within the previous 21 days
Major surgery within the previous 14 days
Arterial puncture at a non-compressible site within the previous 7 days
Any history of ICH with the exception of <5 chronic microbleeds on MRI
Elevated blood pressure (systolic or diastolic ), or the use of aggressive measures (use of more than two intravenous agents to lower blood pressure) to achieve blood pressure within acceptable parameters
Treatment with unfractionated heparin within the last 48 hours and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Blood glucose
International normalized ratio (INR) (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Platelet count of (Note: This does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (including novel oral anticoagulants [e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban]) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin (e.g., dalteparin, enoxaparin) within the last 48 hours
Allergic reactions to study drug, aspirin, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Females of childbearing age who are known to be pregnant and/or lactating, or who have a positive pregnancy test on admission
Inability to swallow, which would prevent oral intake of aspirin or aspirin placebo tablet
Other serious, advanced, or terminal illness that would confound the clinical outcome at 90 days
Current or recent (within 3 months) participation in another investigational drug treatment protocol
Anticipated inability to obtain 3-month follow-up assessments
Previous enrollment in PRISMS
Any other condition that the investigator feels would pose a significant hazard to the patient if treatment with alteplase is initiated
4.2 METHOD OF TREATMENT ASSIGNMENT AND BLINDING
Step Forward Randomization
Due to the emergency nature of randomization in acute stroke clinical trials, treatment assignments must be made in an expeditious manner that also ensures even distribution in the treatment groups. A step forward randomization process will be used to ensure that a randomized treatment assignment is available upon patients' arrival at the hospital and treatment can initiate immediately upon signing the informed consent and eligibility confirmation. This procedure will be implemented using an Interactive Web Response System (IWRS) where study sites enter identification (ID) information of a patient AFTER he/she is treated (within 8 hours of initiation of the patient's study treatment). The IWRS will then assign drug kit IDs for the next patient that becomes eligible at that site. The pharmacist will prepare "Use Next" labels and place them on the appropriate study drug kits based on the drug kit IDs via IWRS. When the next potentially eligible patient is identified, the investigator (or designee) will notify the pharmacist (or designee) to begin pre-mixing study drug from the alteplase/alteplase-placebo drug kit. Pre-mixing may occur prior to signing informed consent but should be performed after key eligibility criteria (e.g., NIHSS and not clearly disabling, study drug initiation will occur within 3 hours of time last known well, CT/MRI negative for ICH) to minimize drug wastage. Study drug bolus will be administered after confirming that all eligibility criteria have been met and informed consent signed, and this will indicate enrollment in the trial. This approach will ensure minimal delays to treatment. Following study drug administration (within 8 hours), the study site should enter the patient's ID, including date of birth, patient initials, screening ID, and confirm drug kit IDs from the kits with which the patient is treated. Once this information is entered into IWRS, it will result in two actions:
IWRS will assign a patient ID to the currently treated patient, which will be correlated to the drug kit ID previously labeled as "Use Next," via the randomization visit record.
IWRS will assign a new pair of drug kit IDs for the next patient that becomes eligible at that site to be labeled as "Use Next."
In the case when pre-mixed IV drug is not used (e.g., patient is determined to be ineligible for study or declines informed consent prior to drug administration), sites will enter drug kit IDs into IWRS and indicate that the kits were not used. IWRS will then assign a new set of drug kit IDs for the pharmacist to label with "Use Next" labels. The pharmacist will properly dispose of the pre-mixed IV drug and the matching aspirin/aspirin-placebo kit in accordance with institutional guidelines.
Prior to the first patient enrolled at a site, a site will register with IWRS as part of site activation, which will assign drug kit IDs ahead of time for the first potential patient. Once the first patient is enrolled at a site, the procedure described above will commence.
Study Unblinding
If a clinical situation arises in which the investigator thinks it is necessary to unblind in the interest of patient safety, the Medical Monitor must be notified immediately to discuss the intended unblinding. Unblinding should occur only in settings where identification of the study treatment is critical for treatment decisions. IWRS will be used for the unblinding process. All unblinded patients will remain in the study and require all follow-up visits.
Treatment codes should not be broken except under circumstances deemed necessary by the site investigator. The investigator should document and provide an explanation for any premature unblinding (e.g., unblinding due to sICH or severe systemic bleeding that requires blood products if IV alteplase was administered, or unblinding due to clinical worsening during the IV alteplase time window that would lead to IV alteplase administration if not already given).
For regulatory reporting purposes, and if required by local health authorities, the Sponsor will break the treatment code for all serious, unexpected suspected adverse reactions (see Section 5.7) that are considered by the investigator or Sponsor to be related to study drug.
4.3 STUDY TREATMENT
4.3.1 Formulation, Packaging, and Handling
4.3.1.1 Alteplase
Alteplase is a single polypeptide containing 527 amino acids; it has three carbohydrate side chains and is predominantly one-chain t-PA. It is a recombinant protein produced in a continuous mammalian tissue culture system and is purified by a series of chromatographic steps. The manufacturing process includes fermentation with use of the antibiotic gentamicin; however, the presence of the antibiotic is not detectable in the final product.
Alteplase is a sterile, white to pale yellow, lyophilized powder for IV administration after reconstitution with sterile water for injection (SWFI), USP, without preservatives. Phosphoric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may be used prior to lyophilization for
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
35/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
pH adjustment. Biologic potency is determined by an in vitro clot lysis assay and is expressed in international units (IU) as tested against the World Health Organization (WHO) standard.
Each 50-mg vial of Activase contains 50 mg of alteplase, 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80 , and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
Each kit will contain 2 vials of of alteplase labeled for "clinical trial use only."
Vials of alteplase must be stored at and protected from light.
4.3.1.2 Alteplase Placebo
Alteplase placebo is the same formulation as the active without the alteplase protein. Each 50-cc vial contains 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80, and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
Each kit will contain 2 vials of 50 mg of alteplase placebo labeled for "clinical trial use only."
Alteplase placebo vials should be stored at and protected from light.
4.3.1.3 Aspirin
Aspirin will be packaged for the study. Each kit will contain one bottle, which has 100 tablets labeled for "clinical trial use only." Only one tablet will be administered to the patient, and the remainder of the bottle will be kept at the site for drug accountability.
Aspirin tablets should be stored at with excursions permitted between .
4.3.1.4 Aspirin Placebo
Aspirin placebo will be identical in appearance to active aspirin to maintain treatment blinding. Each bottle of aspirin placebo contains 100 tablets labeled for "clinical trial use only." Only one tablet will be administered to the patient, and the remainder of the bottle will be kept at the site for drug accountability.
Placebo tablets should be stored in the same manner as aspirin tablets: with excursions permitted between .
4.3.2 Dosage, Administration, and Compliance
4.3.2.1 Alteplase
For AIS, the recommended dose is infused over 60 minutes with of the total dose administered as an initial IV bolus over 1 minute. The total dose should not exceed 90 mg .
Because alteplase and alteplase placebo contain no antibacterial preservatives, vials should be reconstituted immediately before use by adding 50 mL of SWFI, USP, to the vial; this yields a concentration of . Using aseptic technique, direct the flow of SWFI directly into the lyophilized cake of study drug. It is recommended that an gauge needle be used for the reconstitution of the vial. Once reconstituted, gently swirl the vial. Do not shake. Slight foaming upon reconstitution is not unusual; allowing the vial to stand undisturbed for several minutes is usually sufficient to allow dissipation of any large bubbles. Before further dilution or administration, the product should be visually inspected for particulate matter and discoloration. If a precipitate is seen, the product should not be used.
After reconstitution, alteplase should be administered at . As an alternative, the reconstituted solution may be diluted further immediately before administration in an equal volume of sodium chloride injection, USP, or dextrose injection, USP, to yield a concentration of . The osmolality of this solution is approximately . Polyvinyl chloride bags, glass bottles, or polypropylene syringes are acceptable. Do not use filter needles for infusion. Alteplase is stable for up to 8 hours in these solutions at room temperature. Exposure to light has no effect on the stability of these solutions. Excessive agitation during dilution should be avoided; mixing should be accomplished with gentle swirling and/or slow inversion.
No other medication should be added to infusion solutions containing alteplase. Any unused infusion solution should be discarded.
See Appendix 2 (Alteplase Administration) and Appendix 3 (Reconstitution of Vials) for further details.
All investigational medicinal products (IMPs) required for completion of this study will be provided by the Sponsor where required by local health authority regulations. The investigational site will acknowledge receipt of IMPs using the IWRS to confirm the shipment condition and content. Any damaged shipments will be replaced.
IMPs will either be disposed of at the study site according to the study site's institutional standard operating procedure or returned to the Sponsor with the appropriate documentation. The site's method of IMP destruction must be agreed to by the Sponsor. The site must obtain written authorization from the Sponsor before any IMP is destroyed, and IMP destruction must be documented on the appropriate form.
Accurate records of all IMPs received, dispensed, returned, and disposed of by the study site should be recorded on the Drug Inventory Log.
4.3.4 Investigational Medicinal Product
4.3.4.1 Alteplase and Placebo Test Product
Patients randomized to the active arm will receive treatment with of IV alteplase (maximum 90 mg ) per standard stroke dosing.
Comparator
Patients randomized to the placebo arm will receive IV alteplase placebo consisting of 1.7 g of L-arginine, 5 mg of polysorbate 80 , and 0.5 g of phosphoric acid.
4.3.4.2 Non-investigational Medicinal Products
Comparator
To maintain standard medical care, patients randomized to the IV alteplase placebo arm will receive 325 mg of oral aspirin at the same time that they receive IV alteplase placebo.
Comparator
Patients in the IV alteplase active arm will receive an oral aspirin placebo tablet at the same time they receive IV alteplase. The placebo will be identical in appearance to active aspirin to maintain treatment blinding.
4.3.5 Post-Trial Access to Alteplase
The Sponsor does not intend to provide alteplase, any investigational or non-investigational products (specified in this protocol), or any other study interventions to patients after the conclusion of the study or to patients who are withdrawn earlier.
4.4 CONCOMITANT THERAPY
4.4.1 Permitted Therapy
Concomitant therapy includes any medication (e.g., prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, herbal or homeopathic remedies, nutritional supplements) used by a patient from 7 days prior to screening to the study completion/discontinuation visit. All concomitant medications should be reported to the investigator and recorded on the Concomitant Medications electronic Case Report Form (eCRF).
4.4.2 Prohibited Therapy
Available endovascular therapies have not demonstrated clinical efficacy in definitive trials to date and therefore are not permitted.
As indicated in the exclusion criteria, use of the following therapies is prohibited prior to the study:
Treatment with unfractionated heparin within the last 48 hours and aPTT outside of the normal range as specified by the center's local laboratory
Treatment with a direct thrombin inhibitor or factor Xa inhibitor (including novel oral anticoagulants [e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban]) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin (e.g., dalteparin, enoxaparin) within the last 48 hours
Treatment with warfarin and INR (Note: INR does not need to be verified prior to randomization if there is no clinical suspicion of abnormality.)
The above lists of medications are not necessarily comprehensive. The investigator should contact the Medical Monitor if questions arise regarding medications not listed above. For further reference about drug interaction guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as a list of common cytochrome P450 interactions, the following resources are available online: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/ Guidances/UCM292362.pdf http://medicine.iupui.edu/clinpharm/ddis/table.aspx
4.5 STUDY ASSESSMENTS
Please see Appendix 1 for the schedule of assessments performed during the study.
4.5.1 Description of Study Assessments
4.5.1.1 Informed Consent Forms and Screening Log
Written informed consent for participation in the study must be obtained before treatment. All screening evaluations must be completed and reviewed to confirm that patients meet all eligibility criteria before treatment. The investigator will maintain a screening log of all patients who are identified to the stroke team/physician as arriving in the Emergency Department within 2.5 hours of onset of ischemic stroke who have an initial NIHSS score of . The investigator will record details of all patients not enrolled despite early arrival and record reasons for non-enrollment.
4.5.1.2 Medical History and Demographic Data
Medical history includes clinically significant diseases, such as stroke history and smoking history, use of alcohol and drugs of abuse, and all medications (e.g., prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, herbal or homeopathic remedies nutritional supplements) used by the patient within 7 days prior to the screening visit, and history of allergy to any food or medication.
Demographic data will include date of birth, sex, and self-reported race/ethnicity.
4.5.1.3 Neurological Examinations
A partial neurological examination is to be performed for each patient. The NIHSS will be a component of this neurological examination and will be performed only by practitioners who are certified to perform an NIHSS assessment. Changes from
baseline should be recorded in patient notes. Additional or supplemental neurological exams will also be performed, including assessment of mental status, cranial nerves, motor function, and coordination.
4.5.1.4 Vital Signs
Vital signs will include measurements of pulse and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (while patient is in a supine position).
4.5.1.5 Laboratory Assessments
Specimens for the following laboratory tests will be sent to the study site's local laboratory for analysis:
Complete blood count without differential
Serum glucose
Coagulation (INR, aPTT)
Pregnancy test (serum or urine) for women of childbearing potential including those who have had a tubal ligation
The following laboratory test values will be reported in the eCRFs:
Complete blood count without differential
Serum glucose
Coagulation values (INR, aPTT)
Pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential including those who have had a tubal ligation
For sampling procedures, storage conditions, and shipment instructions, see the site's local laboratory manual.
4.5.1.6 Other Disease-Specific Assessments
Neuroimaging may consist of a non-contrast CT or MRI of the brain. If an MRI is used in the acute setting (to determine study eligibility), it must include the following at a minimum: (1) DW MRI, (2) either susceptibility-weighted (SW) imaging or gradient echo (GRE) sequences, and (3) FLAIR sequences.
Non-contrast CT or MRI will be performed at baseline to ensure that the patient does not have evidence of acute ICH prior to study drug administration.
An additional non-contrast CT or MRI will be performed at 22 to 36 hours from the initiation (bolus) of study drug infusion. The purpose of this is to evaluate for ICH in the patient. An NIHSS should be performed at the time this CT scan or MRI is performed, but prior to reviewing imaging results to avoid biasing the assessment. If an MRI is performed, in addition to the above requirements for the baseline visit MRI, it must also include T1 and T2 sequences.
Additional CT scans or MRIs should be performed based on the investigator's discretion, or if any clinical findings suggest ICH (such as new headache, nausea, vomiting, significant deterioration of neurological status, or rapid increase of blood pressure). If an ICH is identified, the NIHSS score should be reassessed at the time and recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
CT scans or MRIs performed at baseline, between 22 to 36 hours, and additional imaging performed due to clinical suspicion of deterioration up until 36 hours after study drug administration, will be evaluated by a central team of radiologists blinded to the clinical attributes of the case. These images will need to be sent to the central radiologists by the local site.
4.5.2 Patient-Reported Outcomes
Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) data will be elicited from the patients in this study to more fully characterize the clinical profile of alteplase in this patient population. The PRO questionnaires will be distributed by the investigator staff and completed in their entirety by the patient or their surrogate.
This study will assess the impact of alteplase treatment on health-related quality of life, physical function, daily functioning, and symptoms of depression.
Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the EQ-5D (Appendix 4). The EQ-5D is a generic, preference-based health utility measure with questions about mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression that are used to build a composite of the patient's health status.
Physical functioning will be evaluated using the SIS-16 (Appendix 5), which is a validated, stroke-specific, quality of life measure to assess the impact of stroke on a patient's health and life.
The CES-D (Appendix 6) will be used to evaluate the proportion of patients with depressive symptoms (defined as a score of at 90 days).
The EQ-5D, SIS-16, and CES-D will be provided in Spanish for those patients requiring translations.
AE reports will not be derived from PRO data by the Sponsor. However, any PRO responses suggestive of a possible AE identified during site review of the PRO data should be reported as outlined in Section 5.3.3.11.
4.6 TIMING OF STUDY ASSESSMENTS
4.6.1 Screening/Baseline (Visit 1)
The following standard of care assessments performed prior to obtaining informed consent will be used in the screening process. Once consent is obtained, the results of the standard of care assessments may be used for the study.
Medical history
Demographics
Neurological examination
Vital signs
Complete blood count without differential
Coagulation status
Pregnancy test (serum or urine)
Serum blood glucose
Non-contrast CT scan or MRI, including DW MRI, either SW or GRE, and FLAIR images
NIHSS score (Note: This must be performed by an NIHSS-certified practitioner; see Appendix 7)
Concomitant medications
All screening evaluations with the exception of certain laboratory results (e.g., coagulation and complete blood count) must be completed and reviewed to confirm that patients have met all eligibility criteria prior to treatment. Serum glucose is required to confirm eligibility prior to enrollment; however, if the investigator feels there is clinical suspicion that would be related to an exclusion laboratory test that would preclude the patient from eligibility, the results of those laboratory tests must be obtained prior to treatment.
The investigator will maintain a screening log to record details of all patients consented to confirm eligibility or record reasons for screening failure, as applicable.
4.6.2 Visit 2 (22 to Hours after Treatment Initiation)
A non-contrast cranial CT or MRI (including DW MRI, either SW or GRE, FLAIR, and T1 and T2 sequences) will be performed at 22 to 36 hours after treatment with study drug has been initiated (bolus). Either a CT scan or MRI may be performed, as consistent with the institutional standard of care; the main criterion is to perform radiographic imaging of the brain by a modality sensitive to the presence of blood. An NIHSS will also be performed during this visit, but prior to review of the imaging results (or by an
investigator blinded to the results). AEs and concomitant medications will also be assessed at this visit.
4.6.3 Visit 3 (Day 5 or Discharge from Hospital, if Sooner than Day 5)
On Day 5 (or discharge from hospital, if sooner than Day 5), NIHSS score, stroke etiology, AEs, and concomitant medications will be collected. Discharge location will be collected at the time of hospital discharge.
4.6.4 Visit 4 (Day Days)
A phone call to the patient or caregiver will be made at Day 30 and an mRS will be assessed (see Appendix 8). AEs, concomitant medications, and patient survival will be assessed during this phone visit. Pregnancy will also be assessed for female patients of childbearing potential.
4.6.5 Visit 5 (Day Days]/Study Completion)
Primary and secondary efficacy endpoints, as well as all exploratory endpoints, will be assessed at Day 90 with the patient. The following assessments will be performed:
NIHSS score (Appendix 7)
Patient survival
mRS (Appendix 8)
GOS (Appendix 9)
BI (Appendix 10)
EQ-5D (Appendix 4)
SIS-16 (Appendix 5)
CES-D (Appendix 6)
Cognitive assessments (Appendix 11)
Controlled Oral Word Association test
HVLT-R trials 1, 2, and 3
Digit symbol coding from the WAIS III
Forward and Backward Digit Span test
Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test, form V
HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition
Animal Naming test
BNT 15-item short form
The above cognitive assessments will be provided in Spanish for those patients requiring translations with the exception of the BNT 15-item short form.
Walking speed (Appendix 12)
Concomitant medications
SAEs and certain AEs (See Section 5.3.1)
4.6.6 Early Discontinuation
Concomitant medication, AEs, and patient survival will be assessed via a phone call, if possible.
4.7 PATIENT, TREATMENT, STUDY, AND SITE DISCONTINUATION
4.7.1 Patient Discontinuation
Patients have the right to voluntarily withdraw from the study at any time and for any reason. In addition, the investigator has the right to withdraw a patient from the study at any time. Reasons for withdrawal from the study may include, but are not limited to, the following:
Patient withdrawal of consent at any time
Any medical condition that the investigator or Sponsor determines may jeopardize the patient's safety if he or she continues in the study
Investigator or Sponsor determines it is in the best interest of the patient
Patient non-compliance, specifically defined as unwillingness to participate in a 3-month assessment of neurological status and function
Every effort should be made to obtain information on patients who withdraw from the study. The primary reason for withdrawal from the study should be documented on the appropriate eCRF. However, patients will not be followed for any reason after consent has been withdrawn. Patients who withdraw from the study will not be replaced.
4.7.2 Study Treatment Discontinuation
The study intervention should be discontinued if the patient displays symptoms concerning sICH during the infusion of the study drug. Prompt imaging should be done to assess for ICH. If ICH is seen, study drug infusion should not be resumed and the treatment assignment may be unblinded if blood products (to reverse the biological activity of IV alteplase) are indicated. If ICH is not seen, study drug infusion should immediately be restarted in order to complete the infusion within 4 hours after the last known well time at the same rate as the previous infusion until the remainder of study drug is infused.
Patients must discontinue study treatment if they experience any of the following:
Anaphylactoid reaction (including angioedema)
Serious bleeding (not controllable by local pressure) at puncture site or serious bleeding in a critical location (e.g., intracranial, gastrointestinal, retroperitoneal, pericardial)
The primary reason for study treatment discontinuation should be documented on the appropriate eCRF. Patients who discontinue study treatment prematurely will not be replaced. Patients who discontinue study treatment prematurely will continue in the study and be followed through Day 90, based on the intent-to-treat (ITT) principle.
4.7.3 Study and Site Discontinuation
The Sponsor has the right to terminate this study at any time. The Sponsor will notify the investigator if the Sponsor decides to discontinue the study. Reasons for terminating the study may include, but are not limited to, the following:
The incidence or severity of AEs in this or other studies indicates a potential health hazard to patients.
Patient enrollment is unsatisfactory
A pre-specified boundary at the interim analysis was crossed
The Sponsor has the right to close a site at any time. Reasons for closing a site may include, but are not limited to, the following:
Excessively slow recruitment
Poor protocol adherence
Inaccurate or incomplete data recording
Non-compliance with the International Conference on Harmonisation guideline for Good Clinical Practice
No study activity (i.e., all patients have completed study assessments and all obligations have been fulfilled)
5. ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY
5.1 SAFETY PLAN
The safety profile of alteplase across indications is generally well established. The principal adverse reactions to alteplase are bleeding and allergic reactions.
5.1.1 Risk of Bleeding
Bleeding is the most frequent adverse reaction associated with alteplase in all approved indications, including AIS. This may be either superficial from punctures or damaged blood vessels or internal bleeding at any site or body cavity. Bleeding may result in life-threatening situations, permanent disability, or death.
The incidence of ICH, especially symptomatic ICH, in patients with AIS is higher in alteplase-treated patients than placebo-treated patients in published studies (for detailed information, see the alteplase USPI).
Management of Bleeding
Patients will be excluded for the presence of conditions related to risks of bleeding (as outlined in Section 4.1.2, Exclusion Criteria). A non-contrast cranial CT or MRI (including either SW or GRE to detect ICH) should be performed at baseline to ensure that the patient does not have evidence of ICH prior to study drug administration.
Fibrin, which is part of the hemostatic plug formed at needle puncture sites, may be lysed during alteplase therapy. Therefore, alteplase therapy requires careful attention to potential bleeding sites, e.g., catheter-insertion sites and arterial-puncture sites. Arterial and venous punctures should be minimized. Non-compressible arterial, as well as internal jugular and subclavian venous punctures, should be avoided to minimize bleeding from non-compressible sites. In the event of serious bleeding (not controllable by local pressure) or occurring in a critical location (intracranial, gastrointestinal, retroperitoneal, or pericardial), study drug should be discontinued immediately. Supportive care and medical management of AEs are at the discretion of the investigator.
5.1.2 Risk of Allergic Reactions
Allergic-type reactions, e.g., anaphylactoid reaction, laryngeal edema, orolingual angioedema, rash, and urticaria, have been reported. When such reactions occur, they usually respond to conventional therapy.
There have been postmarketing reports of orolingual angioedema associated with the use of alteplase. Most were patients treated for AIS. Many of these patients received concomitant angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and most cases resolved with prompt treatment.
Management of Allergic Reaction
If an anaphylactic reaction occurs, the infusion of study drug should be discontinued immediately and appropriate therapy should be promptly instituted.
5.2 SAFETY PARAMETERS AND DEFINITIONS
Safety assessments will consist of monitoring and recording AEs, including SAEs and non-serious adverse events of special interest (AESIs), performing protocol-specified safety laboratory assessments, performing protocol-specified vital signs, and conducting
other protocol-specified tests that are deemed critical to the safety evaluation of the study.
Certain types of events require immediate reporting to the Sponsor, as outlined in Sections 5.2.2 and 5.2.3.
5.2.1 Adverse Events
According to the International Conference on Harmonisation guideline for Good Clinical Practice, an AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation patient administered a pharmaceutical product, regardless of causal attribution. An AE can therefore be any of the following:
Any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product
Any new disease or exacerbation of an existing disease (a worsening in the character, frequency, or severity of a known condition), except as described in Section 5.3.3.9
Recurrence of an intermittent medical condition (e.g., headache) not present at baseline
Any deterioration in a laboratory value or other clinical test (e.g., electrocardiogram, X-ray) that is associated with symptoms or leads to a change in study treatment or concomitant treatment or discontinuation from study drug
5.2.2 Serious Adverse Events (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor)
An SAE is any AE that meets any of the following criteria:
Is fatal (i.e., the AE actually causes or leads to death)
Is life-threatening (i.e., the AE , in the view of the investigator, places the patient at immediate risk of death)
This does not include any AE that, had it occurred in a more severe form or was allowed to continue, might have caused death.
Requires or prolongs inpatient hospitalization (see Section 5.3.3.9)
Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity (i.e., the AE results in substantial disruption of the patient's ability to conduct normal life functions)
Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect in a neonate/infant born to a mother exposed to study drug
Is a significant medical event in the investigator's judgment (e.g., may jeopardize the patient or may require medical/surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed above)
The terms "severe" and "serious" are not synonymous. Severity refers to the intensity of an adverse event (rated as mild, moderate, or severe); the event itself may be of
relatively minor medical significance (such as severe headache). "Serious" is a regulatory definition and is based on patient or event outcome or action criteria usually associated with events that pose a threat to a patient's life or vital functions. Seriousness (not severity) serves as the guide for defining regulatory reporting obligations.
Severity and seriousness need to be independently assessed for each AE recorded on the eCRF.
SAEs are required to be reported by the investigator to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4 for reporting instructions).
5.2.3 Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest (Immediately Reportable to the Sponsor)
Non-serious AESIs are required to be reported by the investigator to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4.1 for reporting instructions). AESIs for this study include the following:
sICH events, if not already reported as an SAE (for a list of preferred terms for ICH see Appendix 13)
Stroke recurrence: report if the AE resulted in a substantial disruption of a person's ability to conduct normal life functions (i.e., the AE resulted in a significant, persistent, or permanent change; impairment; or damage or disruption in the patient's body function/structure, physical activities, and/or quality of life.
In addition, Suspected Transmission of an Infectious Agent via a Medicinal Product (STIAMP) by the study drug in a Genentech-sponsored trial qualifies as an AESI and requires immediate reporting to the Sponsor.
5.3 METHODS AND TIMING FOR CAPTURING AND ASSESSING SAFETY PARAMETERS
The investigator is responsible for ensuring that all AEs (see Section 5.2.1 for definition) are recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF and reported to the Sponsor in accordance with instructions provided in this section and in Sections 5.4-5.6.
For each AE recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF, the investigator will make an assessment of seriousness (see Section 5.2.2 for seriousness criteria), severity (see Section 5.3.2), and causality (see Section 5.3.3).
5.3.1 Adverse Event Reporting Period
Investigators will seek information on AEs at each patient contact. All AEs, whether reported by the patient or noted by study personnel, will be recorded in the patient's medical record and on the Adverse Event eCRF.
After initiation of study drug, all AEs (including serious and non-serious AEs), regardless of relationship to study drug, will be reported until 30 days after administration of study drug.
After 30 days until 90 days after administration of study drug, the following AEs should be recorded on the AE CRF:
All SAEs
Non-serious ICHs
Non-serious AESIs
All AEs that resulted in withdrawal from the study
All SAEs and non-serious AESIs require immediate reporting to the Sponsor (see Section 5.4).
After 90 days, the investigator is not required to actively monitor patients for AEs; however, the Sponsor should be notified if the investigator becomes aware of any post-study SAEs (see Section 5.6).
5.3.2 Assessment of Severity of Adverse Events
The WHO toxicity grading scale (see Appendix 14) will be used for assessing adverse event severity. Table 4 will be used for assessing severity for adverse events that are not specifically listed in the WHO toxicity grading scale.
Table 4 Adverse Event Severity Grading Scale
Grade
Severity
1
Mild; transient or mild discomfort (<48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required
2
Moderate; mild to moderate limitation in activity; some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required
3
Severe; marked limitation in activity; some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required; hospitalization possible
4
Life-threatening; extreme limitation in activity; significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable
Notes: Developed by the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
Regardless of severity, some events may also meet seriousness criteria. Refer to definition of a serious adverse event (see Section 5.2.2).
5.3.3 Assessment of Causality of Adverse Events
Investigators should use their knowledge of the patient, the circumstances surrounding the event, and an evaluation of any potential alternative causes to determine whether or not an AE is considered to be related to the study drug, indicating "yes" or "no" accordingly. The following guidance should be taken into consideration (see also Table 5):
Temporal relationship of event onset to the initiation of study drug
Course of the event, considering especially the effects of dose reduction, discontinuation of study drug, or reintroduction of study drug (as applicable)
Known association of the event with the study drug or with similar treatments
Known association of the event with the disease under study
Presence of risk factors in the patient or use of concomitant medications known to increase the occurrence of the event
Presence of non-treatment-related factors that are known to be associated with the occurrence of the event
Table 5 Causal Attribution Guidance
Is the adverse event suspected to be caused by the study drug on the basis of facts, evidence, science-based rationales, and clinical judgment?
YES There is a plausible temporal relationship between the onset of the adverse event and administration of the study drug, and the adverse event cannot be readily explained by the patient's clinical state, intercurrent illness, or concomitant therapies; and/or the adverse event follows a known pattern of response to the study drug; and/or the adverse event abates or resolves upon discontinuation of the study drug or dose reduction and, if applicable, reappears upon re-challenge.
NO Adverse events will be considered related, unless they fulfill the criteria as specified below.
Evidence exists that the adverse event has an etiology other than the study drug (e.g., preexisting medical condition, underlying disease, intercurrent illness, or concomitant medication); and/or the adverse event has no plausible temporal relationship to administration of the study drug (e.g., cancer diagnosed 2 days after first dose of study drug).
5.3.3.1 Diagnosis versus Signs and Symptoms
A diagnosis (if known) should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF rather than individual signs and symptoms (e.g., record only liver failure or hepatitis rather than jaundice, asterixis, and elevated transaminases). However, if a constellation of signs and/or symptoms cannot be medically characterized as a single diagnosis or syndrome at the time of reporting, each individual event should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. If a diagnosis is subsequently established, all previously reported AEs based on signs and symptoms should be nullified and replaced by one AE report based on the single diagnosis, with a starting date that corresponds to the starting date of the first symptom of the eventual diagnosis.
5.3.3.2 Adverse Events Occurring Secondary to Other Events
In general, AEs occurring secondary to other events (e.g., cascade events or clinical sequelae) should be identified by their primary cause, with the exception of severe or serious secondary events. However, medically significant AEs occurring secondary to an initiating event that are separated in time should be recorded as independent events on the Adverse Event eCRF. For example:
If vomiting results in mild dehydration with no additional treatment in a healthy adult, only vomiting should be reported on the eCRF.
If vomiting results in severe dehydration, both events should be reported separately on the eCRF .
If a severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage leads to renal failure, both events should be reported separately on the eCRF.
If dizziness leads to a fall and consequent fracture, all three events should be reported separately on the eCRF.
If neutropenia is accompanied by an infection, both events should be reported separately on the eCRF.
All AEs should be recorded separately on the Adverse Event eCRF if it is unclear as to whether the events are associated.
5.3.3.3 Persistent or Recurrent Adverse Events
A persistent AE is one that extends continuously, without resolution, between patient evaluation timepoints. Such events should only be recorded once on the Adverse Event eCRF. The initial severity (intensity or grade) of the event should be recorded at the time the event is first reported. If a persistent becomes more severe, the most extreme severity should also be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. If the event becomes serious, it should be reported to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning that the event became serious; see Section 5.4.1 for reporting instructions). The Adverse Event eCRF should be updated by changing the event from "non-serious" to "serious," providing the date that the event became serious, and completing all data fields related to SAEs.
A recurrent is one that resolves between patient evaluation timepoints and subsequently recurs. Each recurrence of an AE should be recorded as a separate event on the Adverse Event eCRF.
5.3.3.4 Abnormal Laboratory Values
Not every laboratory abnormality qualifies as an AE. A laboratory test result must be reported as an AE if it meets any of the following criteria:
Is accompanied by clinical symptoms
Results in a change in study treatment (e.g., dosage modification, treatment interruption, or treatment discontinuation)
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Results in a medical intervention (e.g., potassium supplementation for hypokalemia) or a change in concomitant therapy
Is clinically significant in the investigator's judgment
It is the investigator's responsibility to review all laboratory findings. Medical and scientific judgment should be exercised in deciding whether an isolated laboratory abnormality should be classified as an AE.
If a clinically significant laboratory abnormality is a sign of a disease or syndrome (e.g., alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin 5 times the upper limit of normal associated with cholestasis), only the diagnosis (i.e., cholestasis) should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
If a clinically significant laboratory abnormality is not a sign of a disease or syndrome, the abnormality itself should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF, along with a descriptor indicating if the test result is above or below the normal range (e.g., "elevated potassium" as opposed to "abnormal potassium"). If the laboratory abnormality can be characterized by a precise clinical term per standard definitions, the clinical term should be recorded as the AE. For example, an elevated serum potassium level of should be recorded as "hyperkalemia."
Observations of the same clinically significant laboratory abnormality from visit to visit should only be recorded once on the Adverse Event eCRF (see Section 5.3.3.3 for details on recording persistent AEs).
5.3.3.5 Abnormal Vital Sign Values
Not every vital sign abnormality qualifies as an AE. A vital sign result must be reported as an AE if it meets any of the following criteria:
Is accompanied by clinical symptoms
Results in a change in study treatment (e.g., dosage modification, treatment interruption, or treatment discontinuation)
Results in a medical intervention or a change in concomitant therapy
Is clinically significant in the investigator's judgment
It is the investigator's responsibility to review all vital sign findings. Medical and scientific judgment should be exercised in deciding whether an isolated vital sign abnormality should be classified as an AE.
If a clinically significant vital sign abnormality is a sign of a disease or syndrome (e.g., high blood pressure), only the diagnosis (i.e., hypertension) should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
Observations of the same clinically significant vital sign abnormality from visit to visit should only be recorded once on the Adverse Event eCRF (see Section 5.3.3.3 for details on recording persistent AEs).
5.3.3.6 Deaths
All deaths that occur during the protocol-specified AE reporting period (Section 5.3.1) regardless of relationship to study drug, must be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF and immediately reported to the Sponsor (see Section 5.2.2). This includes death attributed to progression of AIS.
Death should be considered an outcome and not a distinct event. The event or condition that caused or contributed to the fatal outcome should be recorded as the single medical concept on the Adverse Event eCRF. Generally, only one such event should be reported. The term "sudden death" should only be used for the occurrence of an abrupt and unexpected death due to presumed cardiac causes in a patient with or without preexisting heart disease, within 1 hour of the onset of acute symptoms or, in the case of an unwitnessed death, within 24 hours after the patient was last seen alive and stable. If the cause of death is unknown and cannot be ascertained at the time of reporting, "unexplained death" should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. If the cause of death later becomes available (e.g., after autopsy), "unexplained death" should be replaced by the established cause of death.
If the death is attributed to progression of AIS, "acute ischemic stroke progression" should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF.
5.3.3.7 Preexisting Medical Conditions
A preexisting medical condition is one that is present at the screening visit for this study. Such conditions should be recorded on the General Medical History and Baseline Conditions eCRF.
A preexisting medical condition should be recorded as an AE only if the frequency, severity, or character of the condition worsens during the study. When recording such events on the Adverse Event eCRF, it is important to convey the concept that the preexisting condition has changed by including applicable descriptors (e.g., more frequent headaches").
5.3.3.8 Lack of Efficacy or Worsening of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Medical occurrences or symptoms of deterioration that are considered part of the disease course or disease process should be recorded as an AE if judged by the investigator to have unexpectedly worsened in severity or frequency or unexpectedly changed in nature at any time during the study. If there is uncertainty, it should be reported as an AE. When recording unexpected worsening of AIS on the Adverse Event eCRF, it is important to convey the concept that the condition has changed by including applicable descriptors of the event.
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5.3.3.9 Hospitalization or Prolonged Hospitalization
Any AE that results in hospitalization (i.e., in-patient admission to a hospital) or prolonged hospitalization should be documented and reported as an SAE (per the definition of an SAE in Section 5.2.2), except as outlined below.
The following hospitalization scenarios are not considered to be AEs:
Hospitalization for respite care
Hospitalization for a preexisting condition, provided that all of the following criteria are met:
The hospitalization was planned prior to the study or was scheduled during the study when elective surgery became necessary because of the expected normal progression of the disease.
The patient has not suffered an AE.
5.3.3.10 Adverse Events Associated with an Overdose or Error in Drug Administration
An overdose is the accidental or intentional use of a drug in an amount higher than the dose being studied. An overdose or incorrect administration of study treatment is not itself an AE, but it may result in an AE. All AEs associated with an overdose or incorrect administration of study drug should be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. If the associated AE fulfills seriousness criteria, the event should be reported to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4.1).
5.3.3.11 Patient-Reported Outcome Data
AE reports will not be derived from PRO data by the Sponsor, and safety analyses will not be performed using PRO data. However, if any PRO responses suggestive of a possible AE are identified during site review of the PRO data, the investigator will determine whether the criteria for an AE have been met and, if so, will report the event on the Adverse Event eCRF.
5.4 IMMEDIATE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FROM INVESTIGATOR TO SPONSOR
Certain events require immediate reporting to allow the Sponsor to take appropriate measures to address potential new risks in a clinical trial. The investigator must report such events to the Sponsor immediately; under no circumstances should reporting take place more than 24 hours after the investigator learns of the event. The following is a list of events that the investigator must report to the Sponsor within 24 hours after learning of the event, regardless of relationship to study drug:
SAEs (see Section 5.4.2 for further details)
Non-serious AESIs (see Section 5.4.2 for further details)
Pregnancies (see Section 5.4.3 for further details)
The investigator must report new significant follow-up information for these events to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after becoming aware of the information). New significant information includes the following:
New signs or symptoms or a change in the diagnosis
Significant new diagnostic test results
Change in causality based on new information
Change in the event's outcome, including recovery
Additional narrative information on the clinical course of the event
Investigators must also comply with local requirements for reporting SAEs to the local health authority and Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee (IRB/EC).
5.4.1 Emergency Medical Contacts
Medical Monitor Contact Information
PPD Medical Monitor contact information:
Alternate Medical Monitor contact information for all sites:
5.4.2 Reporting Requirements for Serious Adverse Events and Non-Serious Adverse Events of Special Interest
After initiation of study drug, SAEs and non-serious AESIs will be reported until 90 days after the last dose of study drug. Investigators should record all case details that can be gathered immediately (i.e., within 24 hours after learning of the event) on the Adverse Event eCRF and submit the report via the electronic data capture (EDC) system. A report will be generated and sent to Safety Risk Management by the EDC system.
In the event that the EDC system is unavailable, the Serious Adverse Event/Adverse Event of Special Interest Reporting Form provided to investigators should be completed and submitted to the Sponsor or its designee immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event), either by faxing or by scanning and emailing the form using the fax number or email address provided to investigators (and below). Once the EDC system is available, all information will need to be entered and submitted via the EDC system.
Instructions for reporting post-study AEs are provided in Section 5.6.
5.4.3 Reporting Requirements for Pregnancies
5.4.3.1 Pregnancies in Female Patients
Female patients of childbearing potential will be instructed to immediately inform the investigator if they become pregnant within days after the last dose of study drug. A Pregnancy Report eCRF should be completed by the investigator immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the pregnancy) and submitted via the EDC system. A pregnancy report will automatically be generated and sent to Safety Risk Management. Pregnancy should not be recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF. The investigator should counsel the patient, discussing the risks of the pregnancy and the possible effects on the fetus. Monitoring of the patient should continue until conclusion of the pregnancy. Any SAEs associated with the pregnancy (e.g., an event in the fetus, an event in the mother during or after the pregnancy, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the child) should be reported on the Adverse Event eCRF.
In the event that the EDC system is unavailable, the Clinical Trial Pregnancy Reporting Form provided to investigators should be completed and submitted to the Sponsor or its designee immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the pregnancy), either by faxing or scanning and emailing the form using the fax number or email address provided to investigators. Once the EDC system is available, all information will need to be entered and submitted via the EDC system.
5.4.3.2 Congenital Anomalies/Birth Defects and Abortions
Any congenital anomaly/birth defect in a child born to a female patient exposed to study drug should be classified as an SAE, recorded on the Adverse Event eCRF, and reported to the Sponsor immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the event; see Section 5.4.1). Any spontaneous abortion should be reported in the same fashion (as the Sponsor considers spontaneous abortions to be medically significant events).
5.5 FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS AFTER ADVERSE EVENTS
5.5.1 Investigator Follow-Up
The investigator should follow each AE until the event has resolved to baseline grade or better and is assessed as stable by the investigator, the patient is lost to follow-up, or the patient withdraws consent. Every effort should be made to follow all SAEs considered to be related to study drug or trial-related procedures until a final outcome can be reported.
During the study period, resolution of AEs (with dates) should be documented on the Adverse Event eCRF and in the patient's medical record to facilitate source data verification.
All pregnancies reported during the study should be followed until pregnancy outcome. If the EDC system is not available at the time of pregnancy outcome, follow reporting instructions provided in Section 5.4.3.
5.5.2 Sponsor Follow-Up
For SAEs, AESIs, and pregnancies, the Sponsor or a designee may follow up by telephone, fax, electronic mail, and/or a monitoring visit to obtain additional case details and outcome information (e.g., from hospital discharge summaries, consultant reports, autopsy reports) in order to perform an independent medical assessment of the reported case.
5.6 POST-STUDY ADVERSE EVENTS
At the time of study completion or study discontinuation, the investigator should instruct each patient to report to the investigator any subsequent AEs that the patient's personal physician believes could be related to prior study drug treatment or study procedures.
The investigator is not required to actively monitor patients for AEs after the end of the AE reporting period (defined as 90 days after administration of study drug for SAEs and non-serious AESIs, and 30 days for non-serious AEs). However, the Sponsor should be notified if the investigator becomes aware of any SAE, death, development of cancer, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect in a subsequently conceived offspring of a female patient exposed to study drug within 90 days after administration of study drug.
The investigator should report these events directly to the Sponsor via telephone at 1-888-835-2555.
5.7 EXPEDITED REPORTING TO HEALTH AUTHORITIES, INVESTIGATORS, INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS, AND ETHICS COMMITTEES
The Sponsor will promptly evaluate all SAEs and non-serious AESI against cumulative product experience to identify and expeditiously communicate possible new safety findings to investigators, IRBs, ECs, and applicable health authorities based on applicable legislation.
To determine reporting requirements for single AE cases, the Sponsor will assess the expectedness of these events using the following reference document:
Alteplase USPI
The Sponsor will compare the severity of each event and the cumulative event frequency reported for the study with the severity and frequency reported in the applicable reference document.
Reporting requirements will also be based on the investigator's assessment of causality and seriousness, with allowance for upgrading by the Sponsor as needed.
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6. STATISTICAL METHODS
This study will test whether treatment of patients with mild stroke with IV alteplase will lead to a higher proportion (9% absolute difference) of patients with a favorable outcome (mRS of 0 or 1 ) at 90 days.
6.1 DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE
A sample size of 856 is required in order to achieve power in the primary analysis to detect an effect size of absolute difference in the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes between the alteplase and control arms. The above sample size calculation assumes a control proportion of and Type I error probability of 0.025 (one-sided), and uses a group sequential design with one interim analysis for futility (non-binding), based on an O'Brien-Fleming boundary, after 50% of the anticipated sample size have completed the 90-day follow-up assessments. □ was used for this sample size calculation.
The ITT principle will be applied to the primary analysis and, therefore, to safeguard against dilution of the treatment effect associated with an approximate non-adherence rate (due to lost to follow-up, consent withdrawal, treatment crossovers, and stroke mimics), the above sample size needs to be inflated by a factor of or 1.108 (Friedman et al. 1998). Therefore, a total sample size of 948 is required for this study.
6.2 PRIMARY ANALYSIS
The primary efficacy analysis will test the hypothesis of superiority of IV alteplase therapy over standard medical care in AIS patients with mild deficits. The primary efficacy outcome is the proportion of patients with a favorable outcome, defined by mRS score of 0 or 1 at 90 days post-randomization. The difference in the proportion of responders (favorable outcome) at 90 days post-randomization between the IV alteplase arm and the standard medical care arm will be compared via a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, stratified by pre-treatment NIHSS score (0-2 vs. 3-5), age ( vs. ), and last known well time to treatment ( hours vs. hours). The primary efficacy analysis will include all randomized patients, with patients grouped according to the treatment assigned at randomization adhering to the ITT principle. As a sensitivity analysis, results from the univariate Pearson's chi-square test will also be presented.
As a supportive, secondary analysis, an ordinal (or "shift") analysis of the distribution of the mRS will be analyzed via proportional odds model if the proportionality assumption holds, and by the Mann-Whitney superiority measure if the proportionality assumption does not hold. The proportionality assumption will be assessed using the score test as well as clinical judgment on the similarities of the different odds ratios. As a secondary efficacy outcome, the global outcome score at 90 days will be analyzed using the global odds ratio test based on the generalized estimating equations analysis (Wald-type
test) with unstructured covariance-correlation matrix. These results will be treated as supportive evidence (or lack thereof) of the treatment effect rather than conclusive evidence. The significance of each test is determined at the two-sided alpha level of 0.05 . The specific statistical model for analyzing each of these outcome measures will be detailed in the Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP).
6.3 SAFETY ANALYSIS
Incidence and severity of AEs will be described for all treated patients by treatment group as received and by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) classification.
Safety outcomes include incidence of sICH within 36 hours (primary safety assessment), any ICH within 36 hours, overall mortality, and stroke-related and neurological deaths within 90 days of study drug initiation. The cumulative incidences of each outcome will be compared via Fisher's exact test. Mortality will be analyzed by Log-Rank test and the Kaplan-Meier estimates will be plotted over the observation period of 90 days. No alpha adjustment for multiple testing on the safety endpoints is foreseen because those analyses will be exploratory.
6.4 EXPLORATORY ANALYSES
As exploratory analyses, heterogeneity of treatment effect of alteplase will be evaluated by various pre-specified baseline covariates. The primary pre-specified variables and their analytic thresholds are defined by:
Age (<65 vs. )
Pre-treatment NIHSS score ( vs. 3-5)
Last known well time to treatment ( vs. hours)
Stroke subgroup (RISS vs. non-RISS)
Additional heterogeneity analyses will be considered and detailed in the SAP. Forest plots will be constructed to illustrate subgroup analyses. In addition, the two-way interactions of IV alteplase treatment effect with age, NIHSS score, and stroke subgroups (RISS vs. non-RISS) on the primary outcome will be explored through multivariable logistic regression. Additional exploratory analyses will be conducted to explore treatment effects on quality of life endpoints and other exploratory endpoints.
6.5 INTERIM ANALYSIS
One interim analysis of the primary efficacy outcome is planned for clear futility, conducted according to the beta-spending approach (Pampallona et al. 2001) with an O'Brien-Fleming-type boundary. This futility analysis will occur after approximately of patients (or 474) have completed the 90-day assessment.
An independent Data Coordinating Center (iDCC) will be responsible for the preparation and review of unmasked data.
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An iDMC will be organized for review of the interim analysis results. The composition of the iDMC and analysis in detail will be documented in a separate iDMC charter.
6.6 MISSING DATA HANDLING
Under the ITT principle, all patients who are randomized will be included in the analysis. The multiple-imputation method will be used for handling missing data, including the last observation (e.g., the Day 30 mRS ) among the variables used in imputation. As supportive analyses, missing primary outcome data will be imputed by 1 ) using last observation carried forward and 2 ) assuming missing outcomes to be unfavorable.
7. DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT
7.1 DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE
The Sponsor will supply eCRF specifications for this study. A contract research organization (CRO) will be responsible for data management of this study, including quality checking of the data. Data entered manually will be collected via EDC using eCRFs. Sites will be responsible for data entry into the EDC system. In the event of discrepant data, the CRO will request data clarification from the sites, which the sites will resolve electronically in the EDC system.
The CRO will produce a Data Quality Plan that describes the quality checking to be performed on the data with the input from the Sponsor. For this study, local laboratories will be used and data will be captured in the EDC system and will then be transferred to the Sponsor. This will include the eCRF data using the Sponsor's standard procedures and processes to transfer data.
The Sponsor will perform oversight of the data management of this study, including approval of the CRO's data management plans and specifications. Data will be transferred electronically from the CRO to the Sponsor, and the Sponsor's standard procedures will be used to handle and process the electronic transfer of these data.
eCRFs and correction documentation will be maintained in the EDC system's audit trail. The EDC vendor has back-ups for data stored, and records retention for the study data will be consistent with the CRO's standard procedures.
Data from paper PRO questionnaires will be entered into the EDC system by site staff.
7.2 ELECTRONIC CASE REPORT FORMS
eCRFs are to be completed using a Sponsor-designated EDC system. Sites will receive training and have eCRF completion guidelines for the eCRF completion. eCRFs will be submitted electronically to the Sponsor and should be handled in accordance with instructions from the Sponsor.
All eCRFs should be completed by designated trained site staff. eCRFs should be reviewed and electronically signed and dated by the investigator or a designee.
At the end of the study, the investigator will receive patient data for his or her site in a readable format on a compact disc that must be kept with the study records. Acknowledgement of receipt of the compact disc is required.
7.3 SOURCE DATA DOCUMENTATION
Study monitors will perform ongoing source data verification to confirm that critical protocol data (e.g., source data) entered into the eCRFs by authorized site personnel are accurate, complete, and verifiable from source documents. Source documents (paper or electronic) are those in which patient data are recorded and documented for the first time. They include, but are not limited to, hospital records, clinical and office charts, laboratory notes, memoranda, patient-reported outcomes, evaluation checklists, pharmacy dispensing records, recorded data from automated instruments, copies of transcriptions that are certified after verification as being accurate and complete, microfiche, photographic negatives, microfilm or magnetic media, X-rays, patient files, and records kept at pharmacies, laboratories, and medico-technical departments involved in a clinical trial.
Before study initiation, the types of source documents that are to be generated will be clearly defined in the Study Trial Monitoring Plan. This includes any protocol data to be entered directly into the eCRFs (i.e., no prior written or electronic record of the data) and considered source data.
Source documents that are required to verify the validity and completeness of data entered into the eCRFs must not be obliterated or destroyed and must be retained per the policy for retention of records described in Section 7.5.
To facilitate source data verification, the investigators and institutions must provide the Sponsor direct access to applicable source documents and reports for trial-related monitoring, Sponsor audits, and IRB/EC review. The investigational site must also allow inspection by applicable health authorities.
7.4 USE OF COMPUTERIZED SYSTEMS
When clinical observations are entered directly into an investigational site's computerized medical record system (i.e., in lieu of original hardcopy records), the electronic record can serve as the source document if the system has been validated in accordance with health authority requirements pertaining to computerized systems used in clinical research. An acceptable computerized data collection system allows preservation of the original entry of data. If original data are modified, the system should maintain a viewable audit trail that shows the original data as well as the reason for the change, name of the person making the change, and date of the change.
7.5 RETENTION OF RECORDS
Records and documents pertaining to the conduct of this study and the distribution of IMP, including eCRFs, PRO data (if applicable), Informed Consent Forms, laboratory test results, and medication inventory records, must be retained by the Principal Investigator for at least 15 years after completion or discontinuation of the study, or for the length of time required by relevant national or local health authorities, whichever is longer. After that period of time, the documents may be destroyed, subject to local regulations.
No records may be disposed of without the written approval of the Sponsor. Written notification should be provided to the Sponsor prior to transferring any records to another party or moving them to another location.
8. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
8.1 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS
This study will be conducted in full conformance with the International Conference on Harmonisation E6 guideline for Good Clinical Practice and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, or the laws and regulations of the country in which the research is conducted, whichever affords the greater protection to the individual. The study will comply with the requirements of the International Conference on Harmonisation E2A guideline (Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting). Studies conducted in the United States or under a U.S. Investigational New Drug (IND) application will comply with FDA regulations and applicable local, state, and federal laws. Studies conducted in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) will comply with the EU Clinical Trial Directive (2001/20/EC).
8.2 INFORMED CONSENT
The Sponsor's sample Informed Consent Form (and ancillary sample Informed Consent Forms such as a Child's Informed Assent Form or Home Nursing Informed Consent Form, if applicable) will be provided to each site. If applicable, it will be provided in a certified translation of the local language. The Sponsor or its designee must review and approve any proposed deviations from the Sponsor's sample Informed Consent Forms or any alternate consent forms proposed by the site (collectively, the "Consent Forms") before IRB/EC submission. The final IRB/EC-approved Consent Forms must be provided to the Sponsor for health authority submission purposes according to local requirements.
The Consent Forms should be revised whenever there are changes to study procedures or when new information becomes available that may affect the willingness of the patient to participate. The final revised IRB/EC-approved Consent Forms must be provided to the Sponsor for health authority submission purposes.
Patients must be re-consented to the most current version of the Consent Forms (or to a significant new information/findings addendum in accordance with applicable laws and IRB/EC policy) during their participation in the study. For any updated or revised Consent Forms, the case history or clinical records for each patient shall document the informed consent process and that written informed consent was obtained using the updated/revised Consent Forms for continued participation in the study.
A copy of each signed Consent Form must be provided to the patient or the patient's legally authorized representative. All signed and dated Consent Forms must remain in each patient's study file or in the site file and must be available for verification by study monitors at any time.
For sites in the U.S., each Consent Form may also include patient authorization to allow use and disclosure of personal health information in compliance with the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). If the site utilizes a separate Authorization Form for patient authorization for use and disclosure of personal health information under the HIPAA regulations, the review, approval, and other processes outlined above apply except that IRB review and approval may not be required per study site policies.
8.3 INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD OR ETHICS COMMITTEE
This protocol, the Informed Consent Forms, any information to be given to the patient, and relevant supporting information must be submitted to the IRB/EC by the Principal Investigator and reviewed and approved by the IRB/EC before the study is initiated. In addition, any patient recruitment materials must be approved by the IRB/EC.
The Principal Investigator is responsible for providing written summaries of the status of the study to the IRB/EC annually or more frequently in accordance with the requirements, policies, and procedures established by the IRB/EC. Investigators are also responsible for promptly informing the IRB/EC of any protocol amendments (Section 9.6).
In addition to the requirements for reporting all AEs to the Sponsor, investigators must comply with requirements for reporting SAEs to the local health authority and IRB/EC. Investigators may receive written IND safety reports or other safety-related communications from the Sponsor. Investigators are responsible for ensuring that such reports are reviewed and processed in accordance with health authority requirements and the policies and procedures established by their IRB/EC, and archived in the site's study file.
8.4 CONFIDENTIALITY
The Sponsor maintains confidentiality standards by coding each patient enrolled in the study through assignment of a unique patient ID number. This means that patient names are not included in data sets that are transmitted to any Sponsor location.
Patient medical information obtained by this study is confidential and may only be disclosed to third parties as permitted by the Informed Consent Form (or separate authorization for use and disclosure of personal health information) signed by the patient, unless permitted or required by law.
Medical information may be given to a patient's personal physician or other appropriate medical personnel responsible for the patient's welfare, for treatment purposes.
Data generated by this study must be available for inspection upon request by representatives of the FDA and other national and local health authorities, Sponsor monitors, representatives, and collaborators, and the IRB/EC for each study site, as appropriate.
8.5 FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Investigators will provide the Sponsor with sufficient, accurate financial information in accordance with local regulations to allow the Sponsor to submit complete and accurate financial certification or disclosure statements to the appropriate health authorities. Investigators are responsible for providing information on financial interests during the course of the study and for 1 year after completion of the study (i.e., LPLV).
9. STUDY DOCUMENTATION, MONITORING, AND ADMINISTRATION
9.1 STUDY DOCUMENTATION
The investigator must maintain adequate and accurate records to enable the conduct of the study to be fully documented, including but not limited to the protocol, protocol amendments, Informed Consent Forms, and documentation of IRB/EC and governmental approval. In addition, at the end of the study, the investigator will receive the patient data, which includes an audit trail containing a complete record of all changes to data.
9.2 PROTOCOL VIOLATIONS
The investigator should document and explain any protocol violations. The investigator should promptly report any violations that might impact patient safety and data integrity to the Sponsor and to the IRB/EC in accordance with established IRB/EC policies and procedures.
9.3 SITE INSPECTIONS
Site visits will be conducted by the Sponsor or an authorized representative for inspection of study data, patients' medical records, and eCRFs. The investigator will permit national and local health authorities, Sponsor monitors, representatives, and collaborators, and the IRBs/ECs to inspect facilities and records relevant to this study.
9.4 ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
Genentech, Inc., is the Sponsor and will have oversight of study management, including project management, oversight of data management, and statistical programming. A CRO will assist with study management, including project management, medical monitoring (as needed), clinical monitoring, data monitoring, and data management. Patients will be enrolled at approximately 75 sites in North America.
The CRO will manage site activation, study drug supply, patient enrollment and tracking, and clinical monitoring. Genentech will handle study drug distribution.
A Steering Committee will provide scientific oversight for this study. The Steering Committee will be composed of Genentech representatives and external advisors. The Steering Committee will perform functions such as:
Provide recommendations regarding changes in the study conduct
Review results of the final analyses for primary and secondary endpoints
Participate in the drafting and publishing of final study results
An iDMC will be responsible for monitoring the overall efficacy and safety of the patients in the trial after treatment with alteplase. The iDMC will be composed of external advisors. The iDMC will perform functions such as:
Review all accumulated safety data at interim analysis
Review efficacy data analysis performed for interim analysis for consideration of potential discontinuation of the trial for futility
Make recommendation to the Sponsor as to if it is appropriate to discontinue the study after assessing the interim efficacy and safety data in aggregate
Determine if the study should continue after review of interim analysis results
An iDCC will be responsible for the preparation and review of unmasked data.
A central IRB will be utilized when possible to ensure the timely submission and approval of site regulatory documents for sites not required to use a local IRB. The CRO will be responsible for management of the central IRB.
An EDC system will be used to capture data for the study.
An IWRS will be utilized for randomization, patient tracking, and drug inventory management for the study.
9.5 PUBLICATION OF DATA AND PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS
Regardless of the outcome of a trial, the Sponsor is dedicated to openly providing information on the trial to healthcare professionals and to the public, both at scientific congresses and in peer-reviewed journals. The Sponsor will comply with all
requirements for publication of study results. For more information, refer to the Roche Global Policy on Sharing of Clinical Trials Data at the following Web site: http://www.rochetrials.com/pdf/RocheGlobalDataSharingPolicy.pdf
The results of this study may be published or presented at scientific congresses. For all clinical trials in patients involving an IMP for which a marketing authorization application has been filed or approved in any country, the Sponsor aims to submit a journal manuscript reporting primary clinical trial results within 6 months after the availability of the respective clinical study report. In addition, for all clinical trials in patients involving an IMP for which a marketing authorization application has been filed or approved in any country, the Sponsor aims to publish results from analyses of additional endpoints and exploratory data that are clinically meaningful and statistically sound.
The investigator must agree to submit all manuscripts or abstracts to the Sponsor prior to submission for publication or presentation. This allows the Sponsor to protect proprietary information and to provide comments based on information from other studies that may not yet be available to the investigator.
In accordance with standard editorial and ethical practice, the Sponsor will generally support publication of multicenter trials only in their entirety and not as individual center data. In this case, a coordinating investigator will be designated by mutual agreement.
Authorship will be determined by mutual agreement and in line with International Committee of Medical Journal Editors authorship requirements. Any formal publication of the study in which contribution of Sponsor personnel exceeded that of conventional monitoring will be considered as a joint publication by the investigator and the appropriate Sponsor personnel.
Any inventions and resulting patents, improvements, and/or know-how originating from the use of data from this study will become and remain the exclusive and unburdened property of the Sponsor, except where agreed otherwise.
9.6 PROTOCOL AMENDMENTS
Any protocol amendments will be prepared by the Sponsor. Protocol amendments will be submitted to the IRB/EC and to regulatory authorities in accordance with local regulatory requirements.
Approval must be obtained from the IRB/EC and regulatory authorities (as locally required) before implementation of any changes, except for changes necessary to eliminate an immediate hazard to patients or changes that involve logistical or administrative aspects only (e.g., change in Medical Monitor or contact information).
10. REFERENCES
Activase (alteplase) U.S. Package Insert, Genentech, Inc., 2011.
Baumann CR, Baumgartner RW, Gandjour J, et al. Good outcomes in ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis despite regressing neurological symptoms. Stroke 2006,37:1332-3.
De Los Rios La Rosa F, Khoury J, Kissela BM, et al. Eligibility of intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator within a population: the effect of the European cooperative acute stroke study (ECASS) III trial. Stroke 2012,43(6):1592-5.
Demaerschalk BM. Thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke: the likelihood of being helped versus harmed. Stroke 2007;38:2215-16.
Dhamoon MS, Moom YP, Boden-Albala B, et al. Long-term functional recovery after first ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke 2009;40:2805-11.
Edlow JS, Smith EE, Stead LG, et al. Clinical policy: Use of t-PA for the management of acute ischemic stroke in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2013;61:225-43.
Friedman LM, Furberg CD, DeMets DL. Fundamentals of Clinical Trials. Third ed. 1998, New York, NY:Springer:108.
Fischer U, Baumgartner A, Arnold M, et al. What is minor stroke? Stroke 2010;41:661-6.
Gonzales NR, Albright KC, Noser KC, et al. "Mild stroke" should not exclude patients from thrombolytic therapy. Stroke 2006;37:621.
Hassan AE, Hassanzadeh B, Tohidi V, et al. Very mild stroke patients benefit from intravenous tissue plasminogen activator without increase of intracranial hemorrhage. South Med J 2010a;103(5):398-402.
Hassan AE, Zacharoatos H, Hassanzadeh B, et al. Does Mild deficit for patients with stroke justify use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2010b;19:116-20.
Huisa BN, Raman R, Neil W, et al. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for patients with minor ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2012;21:733-6.
Jauch EC, Saver JL, Adams HP, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease and Council on Clinical Cardiology: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke 2013;44:870-947.
Khatri P, Conaway MR, Johnston KC; Acute Stroke Accurate Prediction Study (ASAP) Investigators. Ninety-day outcome rates of a prospective cohort of consecutive patients with mild stroke. Stroke 2012;43:560-2.
Khatri P, Kleindorfer DO, Yeatts SD, et al. Strokes with minor symptoms: an exploratory analysis of the National Institute of Neurological disorders and stroke recombinant tissue plasminogen activator trials. Stroke 2010;41:2581-6.
Köhrmann M, Nowe T, Huttner HB, et al. Safety and outcome after thrombolysis in stroke patients with mild symptoms. Cerebrovasc Dis 2009;27(2):160-6.
Levine SR, Khatri P, Broderick JP, et al. Review, historical context, and clarifications of the NINDA rt-PA stroke trials exclusion criteria part 1: rapidly improving stroke symptoms. Stroke 2013;44(9):2500-5.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rt-PA Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1581-8.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rt-PA Study Group. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for minor strokes: the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Experience. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:243-52.
Pampallona S, Tsiatis AA, Kim K. Interim monitoring of group sequential trials using spending functions for the type I and type II error probabilities. Drug Inf J 2001;35:1113-21.
Reeves M, Khoury J, Alwell K, et al. Distribution of NIHSS in the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study. Stroke 2013;In press.
Rosamond W, Flegal K, Friday G, et al; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics2007 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2007;115:e69-171.
Robbins KC. The plasminogen-plasmin enzyme system. In: Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ, et al., editors. Hemostasis and thrombosis: basic principles and clinical practice. Philadelphia: JP Lippincott. 1982:623-39.
Saver J. Hemorrhage after thrombolytic therapy for stroke: the clinically relevant number needed to harm. Stroke 2007;38:2279-83.
Smith EE, Gonarow GC, Reeves MJ, et al. Outcomes in mild or rapidly improving stroke not treated with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator: findings from Get With The Guidelines-Stroke. Stroke 2011;42:3110-15.
Steffenhagen N, Hill MD, Poppe AY, et al. Should you thrombolyze all or any stroke patients with baseline National Institutes of Health Stoke Scale scores ? Cerebrovasc Dis 2009;28:201-02.
Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Dávalos A, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): an observational study. Lancet 2007;369:275-82.
Willey JZ, Stillman J, Rivolta JA, et al. Too good to treat? Outcomes in patients not receiving thrombolysis due to mild deficits or rapidly improving symptoms. Int J Stroke 2012;7(3):202-06.
Appendix 1
Schedule of Assessments
ASSESSMENTS
Screening and Baseline (Visit 1)
Study Drug Administration
22-36 Hours from Start of Study Drug Administration (Visit 2)
Day 5 (or Discharge if Sooner) (Visit 3)
30 Days ( ± 7 Days) Phone Call (Visit 4)
Days/Study Completion (Visit 5)
Early Discontinuation (Phone call, if possible)
Informed consent
X
Review of eligibility
X
Medical history and baseline conditions
X
Demographics
X
Neurological examination
X
Vital signs
X
Complete blood count
X
Coagulation status
X
Pregnancy test
X
Serum blood glucose
X
Imaging modality sensitive to presence of intracranial hemorrhage (either CT or MRI with DW MRI, either SW or GRE, and FLAIR images). Visit 2 MRIs should also include T1 and T2 sequences
X
X
NIHSS score
X
X
X
X
Study drug administration
X
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
70/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Appendix 1 (cont.)
Schedule of Assessments
ASSESSMENTS
Screening and Baseline (Visit 1)
Study Drug Administration
22-36 Hours from Start of Study Drug Administration (Visit 2)
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
71/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Abbreviated Clinical Study Report: Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
616/aCSR ML29093
Appendix 1 (cont.) Schedule of Assessments
Includes smoking history and stroke history. A partial neurological examination is to be performed for each patient. The NIHSS will be a component of the neurological examination and will be performed only by practitioners who are certified to perform an NIHSS assessment. Additional, or supplemental, neurological exams will also be performed, including assessment of mental status, cranial nerves, motor function and coordination. Includes pulse and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (while patient is in a supine position). Record abnormalities on the Adverse Event eCRF. Complete blood count includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Coagulation status includes INR values of , activated partial thromboplastin time, patient or family report of patient currently taking an oral anticoagulant (e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban), or patient or family report of patient currently taking a low-molecular-weight heparin (e.g., dalteparin, enoxaparin) within the last 48 hours. Pregnancy status will be determined in women of childbearing potential. Serum or urine pregnancy test can be collected. Serum glucose (values of are contraindicated for alteplase). MRI or CT scan should be performed if any clinical findings suggest ICH. NIHSS score should be assessed and recorded at the time of any clinical findings that suggest ICH. The mRS may be performed by telephone, if necessary, for visits on Days 30 and 90. The BI, CES-D, EQ-5D, and SIS-16 can be administered by phone interview if an in-person patient visit cannot be scheduled in the allotted time. Assessments include: Controlled Oral Word Association test; HVLT-R trials 1, 2, and 3; digit symbol coding from the WAIS III; Forward and Backward Digit Span test; Benton Judgment of Line Orientation, form V; HVLT-R trial 4 and recognition; semantic fluency (Animal Naming test); and BNT (15-item short form). Assessment of walking speed requires an in-person patient visit and is best combined with administration of the BI, CES-D, EQ-5D, and SIS-16. Concomitant medications include any prescription medications or over-the-counter preparations used by the patient within 7 days prior to screening. Adverse event assessments will be performed during study drug administration; at hours after study drug administration; on Days 5,30, and 90 (may be done via telephone interview if necessary), and at early discontinuation. Refer to Section 5.3.1 (Adverse Event Reporting Period) for further details.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
72/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Appendix 2
Alteplase Administration
Administration of bolus
Step 1:
Inspect solution
After reconstitution to , inspect solution for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration
Step 2:
Discard excess
To ensure proper dosing, discard excess by removing from vial any quantity of drug in excess of that specified for patient treatment. When drawing off excess solution, be sure to insert the needle into the peripheral area of the vial top, away from the puncture site caused by the transfer device
Step 3:
Prepare bolus
Withdraw 10% of the dose in one of the following ways:
Remove from vial using a syringe and needle,
Remove from port (second injection site) on infusion line after infusion set is primed, or
Program infusion pump to deliver bolus at infusion initiation
Step 4:
Administer bolus
Administer initial IV bolus over 1 minute
Administration of remainder of dose
infuse the remaining of dose over 60 minutes.
50-mg vials-Administer using either a polyvinyl chloride bag or glass vial and infusion set.
No medication should be added to the infusion solutions that contain alteplase.
For specifics regarding dosing and administration, please see the Activase full Prescribing Information.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
73/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Appendix 3
Reconstitution of Vials
A single vial of Activase may be used to treat patients weighing up to 122 lbs or 55.5 kilograms. Reconstitute Activase immediately before administration, using aseptic technique at all times-including thorough hand washing and the use of gloves.
Step 1:
Assemble the vial of Actixase, the vial of Sterile Water for Injection (SWFI), USP (included with the Activase package), a syringe, a large-bore needle (eg, 18-gauge), and alcohol wipes.Also, prepare a polyvinyl chloride bag or glass vial along with an infusion set
Step 2:
Remove the protective cap from the top of the Activase vial and the vial of SWFI. Swab the top of each vial with an alcohol wipe to reduce the risk of contamination
Step 3:
Withdraw of SWFI, without preservatives. Diluent is included. DO NOT USE Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP
Step 4:
Inject the into the Activase vial using a large-bore needle and syringe, directing the stream into the lyophilized cake. DO NOT USE IF VACUUM IS NOT PRESENT. The syringe should not be primed with air during preparation and should be inserted into the Activase vial stopper. Slight foaming upon reconstitution is normal. Let the solution stand undisturbed for several minutes to allow any large bubbles to dissipate
Step 5:
Mix with a gentle swirl or slow inversion. DO NOT SHAKE. Visually inspect the Activase solution for particulate matter and discoloration before administration
Activase is stable for up to 8 hours in these solutions at room temperature. Do not freeze solutions containing Activase. No other medications should be added to infusions containing Activase. Any unused infusion solution should be discarded.
Appendix 4
European Quality of Life-5D (EQ-5D) Questionnaire
By placing a checkmark in one box in each group below, please indicate which statements best describe your own health state today.
Mobility
I have no problems in walking about
I have some problems in walking about
I am confined to bed
□ □ □
Self-Care
I have no problems with self-care □
I have some problems washing or dressing myself □
I am unable to wash or dress myself
Usual Activities (e.g. work, study, housework, family or leisure activities)
I have no problems with performing my usual activities □
I have some problems with performing my usual activities □
I am unable to perform my usual activities
Pain/Discomfort
I have no pain or discomfort
□
I have moderate pain or discomfort
□
I have extreme pain or discomfort
□
Anxiety/Depression
am not anxious or depressed
□
am moderately anxious or depressed
□
I am extremely anxious or depressed
□
Appendix 4 (cont.)
European Quality of Life-5D (EQ-5D) Questionnaire
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
76/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Appendix 5
Stroke Index Scale (SIS-16)
In the past 2 weeks, how difficult was it to...
Not difficult at all
A little difficult
Somewhat difficult
Very difficult
Could not do at all
a. Dress the top part of your body?
5
4
3
2
1
b. Bathe yourself?
5
4
3
2
1
c. Get to the toilet on time?
5
4
3
2
1
d. Control your bladder (not have an accident)?
5
4
3
2
1
e. Control your bowels (not have an accident)?
5
4
3
2
1
f. Stand without losing balance?
5
4
3
2
1
g. Go shopping?
5
4
3
2
1
h. Do heavy household chores (e.g., vacuum, laundry or yard work)?
5
4
3
2
1
i. Stay sitting without losing your balance?
5
4
3
2
1
j. Walk without losing your balance?
5
4
3
2
1
k. Move from a bed to a chair?
5
4
3
2
1
I. Walk fast?
5
4
3
2
1
m. Climb one flight of stairs?
5
4
3
2
1
n. Walk one block?
5
4
3
2
1
o. Get in and out of a car?
5
4
3
2
1
p. Carry heavy objects (e.g. bag of groceries) with your affected hand?
5
4
3
2
1
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
77/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Appendix 6
Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression (CES-D) Scale, NIMH
Below is a list of the ways you might have felt or behaved. Please tell me how often you have felt this way during the past week.
During the Past
Week
Rarely or none of the time (less than 1 day)
Some or a little of the time (1-2 days)
Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days)
Most or all of the time (5-7 days)
1. I was bothered by things that usually don't bother me.
□
□
□
□
2. I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor.
□
□
□
□
3. I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends.
□
□
□
□
4. I felt I was just as good as other people.
□
□
□
□
5. I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.
□
□
□
□
6. I felt depressed.
□
□
□
□
7. I felt that everything I did was an effort.
□
□
□
□
8. I felt hopeful about the future.
□
□
□
□
9. I thought my life had been a failure.
□
□
□
□
10. I felt fearful.
□
□
□
□
11. My sleep was restless.
□
□
□
□
12. I was happy.
□
□
□
□
13. I talked less than usual.
□
□
□
□
14. I felt lonely.
□
□
□
□
15. People were unfriendly.
□
□
□
□
16. I enjoyed life.
□
□
□
□
17. I had crying spells.
□
□
□
□
18. I felt sad.
□
□
□
□
19. I felt that people dislike me.
□
□
□
□
20. I could not get "going."
□
□
□
□
SCORING: zero for answers in the first column, 1 for answers in the second column, 2 for answers in the third column, 3 for answers in the fourth column. The scoring of positive items is reversed. Possible range of scores is zero to 60 , with the higher scores indicating the presence of more symptomatology.
Appendix 7
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
Administer stroke scale items in the order listed. Record performance in each category aher each subscale exam. Do not go back and change scores. Follow directions provided for each exam technique. Scores should reflect what the patent does, not what the clinician thinks the patient can do. The dinician should record answers while administering the exam and work quickly. Except where indicated, the patient should not be coached (i.e., repeated requests to patient to make a special effort),
1
Has the subject had a stroke (either as the index event at randomization or as an outcome event)? If no, form is complete.
◯ No ◯ Yes
2
(1a) Level of Consciousness
The investigator most choose a response, even if a ful evaluaton is prevented by such costacies as an endotracheal tute, language bamier, orotracheal traumabandages. A 3 is sooved only if the patient makes no movement (other than reflexive posturing) in response to noxlous stimulation. Coma score .
◯ 0=Alert; keenly responsive ◯ Not alert, but arousable by minor stimulation to obey, answer or respond ◯ Not alert, requires repeated stimulation to attend, or is obtunded and requires strong or painful stimulation to make movements (not stereotyped) ◯ 3=Responds only with reflex motor or autonomic effects or totally unresponsive, flaccid, areflexic (Complete form using coma scoring)
3
(1b) LOC Questions
The pabent is assed the month and his/her age. The answer must be correct - There is no partial creatif for being close. Aphasic and stuporous pasents who do not comprenend the questons will scope 2 . Patients unable to speas. because of endotracheal intubation, orotracheal trauma, severe dysartina from any cause, language barrer or any other probiem not secondary to aphasia are given a 1. It is important that only the inital answer be graded and that the examiner not "helo" the patient with verbal or non-vertal cues. Coma score "2"
◯ Answers both questions correctly ◯ 1=Answers one question correctly ◯ 2=Answers neither question correctly
4
(1c) LOC Commands
The patent is asked to open and ciose the eyes and then to gro and release the non-paretic nand. Substitute another one step command if the hands cannot De used. Credit is given if an unequivocal autempt is mace but not completed due to weakness. If the pasent does not respond to commund, the task should be demonstrated to them (partomine) and score the result (i.e. folows none, one or too commands) Patients with trauma, amputaton, or other physical impediments should be given subable cne-step communds. Ony the frost attenpt is scored. Coms score "2".
◯ 0=Performs both tasks correctly ◯ 1=Performs one task correctly ◯ 2=Performs neither task correctly
5
(2) Best Gaze
Ony horizontal eye movements will be tested. Voluntary or reflexte (Douldocephalle) eye movements will be scored but calonc testing is not done. If the patient has a confugate deviaton of the eyes trut can be overcome by voluntarly of reflexter activity, the score will be 1. F a patent has an solated pertpheral neve paresis (CN III, IV or VI) score a 1. Gaze is testable in all aphasio patents. Pacents alth ocular trauma, bandages, pre-evisting
refexive movements and a choice made by the investigator. Estabiling eye contact and then moving aoout the pattent from sole to side will occasionaly darity the presence of a partal gaze paisy. Coma score as examined.
◯ 0=Normal ◯ Partial gaze palsy. This score is given when gaze is abnormal in one or both eyes, but where forced deviation or total gaze paresis are not present ◯ Forced deviation, or total gaze paresis not overcome by the oculocephalic maneuver
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
79/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Appendix 7 (cont.) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
8
(3) Visual
Visual fields (upper and lower quadrants) are tested by confrontation, using finger counting or wsual threat as appropriate. Patient must be encouraged, but if they look at the side of the moving fingers appropriately, this can be scored as normal. If there is unliateral bilndness or enucleaton, visual frelds in the remaining eye are scored. Score 1 only if a clear-cut asymmetry, including quadrantanopla is found. If patent is bilnd from any cause score 3. Double simultaneous sitmulaton is performed at this point. If there is extinction patient recelves a 1 and the results are used to answer question 22. Score as examined, using bilateral threat.
◯ 0=No visual loss ◯ Partial hemianopia ◯ 2=Complete hemianopia ◯ 3=Bilateral hemianopia (blind including cortical blindness)
7
(4) Facial Palsy
Ask, or use pantomime to encourage the patient to show teeth or raise eyebrows and close eyes. Score symmetry of grimace in response to noxlous stimull in the poorly responsive or non-comprehending patent. If facial traumalbandages, orotracheal tude, tape or other physical barrier obscures the face, these should be removed to the extent possible. Coma Score "3".
◯ 0=Normal symmetrical movement ◯ Minor paralysis (flattened nasolabial fold, asymmetry of smiling) ◯ 2=Partial paralysis (total or near total paralysis of lower face) ◯ 3=Complete paralysis of one or both sides (absence of facial movement in the upper and lower face)
8
(5a) Motor Arm Left
The limb is placed in the appropriate position: extend the arms (paims down) 90 degrees (if sitting) of 45 degrees (if supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested supine). Drift is scored if the arm falls before 10 seconds or the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic patient is encouraged using urgency in the voice and pantomime but not noxious stimulation. Each imb is tested in tum, beginning with the non-paretic arm. Only in cases of amputation or joint fusion at the shoulder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided. Coma Score " 4 "
◯ No drift, limb holds 90 (or 45) degrees for full 10 seconds ◯ 1=Drift, limb holds 90 (or 45) degrees, but drifts down before full 10 seconds; does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity, limb cannot get to or maintain (f culed) 90 degrees ◯ 3=No effort against gravity, limb fails ◯ 4=No movement ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
9
Explain if amputation or joint fusion (Motor Arm Left):
10
(5b) Motor Amm Right
The limb is placed in the appropriate position: extend the anms (paims down) 90 degrees (if sitting) or 45 degrees (if supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested supine). Drift is scored if the am tals before 10 seconds of the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic patient is encouraged using urgency in the volce and pantomine but not noxious stimusation. Each imb is tested in turn, beginning with the non-paretic arm. Only in cases of amputation or joint fusion at the shoulder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided. Coma score "4".
◯ 0 =No drift, limb holds 90 (or 45) degrees for full 10 seconds ◯ Drift, limb holds 90 (or 45) degrees, but drifts down before full 10 seconds; does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity, limb cannot get to or maintain (f cued) 90 degrees ◯ 3=No effort against gravity, limb falls ◯ 4=No movement ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
11
Explain if amputation or joint fusion (Motor Arm Right):
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Appendix 7 (cont.) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
12
(6a) Motor Leg Left
The limb is placed in the appropriate position: extend the arms (paims down) 90 degrees (if sitting) or 45 degrees (if supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested suplne). Dorft Is scored if the arm falis before 10 seconds or the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic pattent is encouraged using urgency in the volce and pantomime but not noxious stimuiation. Each imb is tested in turn, beginning with the non-paretic arm. Only in cases of amputation or joint fusion at the shoulder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided. Coma score "4".
◯ 0=No drift, leg holds 30 degrees position for full 5 seconds ◯ Drift, leg falls by the end of the 5 second period but does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity, leg falls to bed by 5 seconds, but has some effort against gravity ◯ 3=No effort against gravity; leg falls to bed immediately ◯ 4=No movement ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
13
Explain if amputation/ joint fusion (Motor Leg Left):
14
(6b) Motor Leg Right
The imb is placed in the appropriate position: extend the arms (paims down) 90 degrees (if sitting) or 45 degrees (If supine) and the leg 30 degrees (always tested suplne). Dritt is scored if the arm fals before 10 seconds or the leg before 5 seconds. The aphasic patient is encouraged using urgency in the volce and pantomime but not noxious stimulation. Each imb is tested in turn, beginning with the non-paretic arm. Only in cases of amputation or joint fusion at the shoulder or hip can the examiner indicate no score and an explanation must be provided. Coma score " 4 ".
◯ No drift, leg holds 30 degrees position for full 5 seconds ◯ 1=Drift, leg falls by the end of the 5 second period but does not hit bed ◯ 2=Some effort against gravity; leg falls to bed by 5 seconds, but has some effort against gravity ◯ 3=No effort against gravity, leg falls to bed immediately ◯ 4=No movement ◯ Amputation, joint fusion
15
Explain if amputation/ joint fusion (Motor Leg Right):
16
(7) Limb Ataxia
This item is aimed at finding evidence of a unilateral cerebelar lesion. Test with eyes operi. In case of visual defect, insure testing is done in intact visual field. The finger-nose-finger and heel-shin tests are performed on both sides, and ataxla is scored only if present put of proportion to weakness. Ataxla is absent in the patient who cannot understand or is paralyzed. Only in the case of amputation or joint fusion, the examiner should record the score as untestable (UN), and ciearly write the explanation for this cholce. In case of bilndness, test by having the patient touch nose from extended arm postion.
Coma score .
◯ Absent ◯ 1 = Present in one limb ◯ 2 = Present in two limbs ◯ UN = amputation or joint fusion
17
Explain if amputation or joint fusion (Limb Ataxia):
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Appendix 7 (cont.) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
18
(8) Sensory
Sensation or girmace to pin prica when tested, or w/tholrawal from noxious stmusus in the colunded or aphasic patient. Only sensory loss attributed to stroke is soored as abonornal and the examiner should test as many body areas [arms (not hands), legs, trunk, face] as needed to accurately check for hemisensory loss. A score of 2, 'severe or total,' should only be given when a severe or total loss of sensation can be clearly demonstrated. Stuporous and aphasic patlents willing therefore probably score 1 or 0 . The pattent with brain stem stroke who has bilateral loss of sensation is scored 2. If the patent does not respond and is quadriplegic score 2. Patients in coma (ftem 13-3) are arbiltrarlily given a 2 on this them. Coma Score "2".
◯ Normali, no sensory loss ◯ Mild to moderate sensory loss; patient feels pinprick is less sharp or is dull on the affected side; or there is a loss of superficial pain with pinprick but patent is aware he/she is being touched ◯ 2=Severe to total sensory loss; patient is not aware of being touched in the face, arm & leg
19
(9) Best Language
A great deal of information about comprehension will be oblained during the preceding sections of the examination. The patient is asked to desortbe what is happening in the altached ploture, to name the tems on the altached naming steet, and to read from the attached list of sentences. Comprehension is judged from responses here as well as to all of the commands in the preceding general neurrogical exam. If visual loss Interferes with the tests, ask the patient to identily objects placed in the hand, repeat, and produce speech. The intubated patent should be asked to witte. The pattent in coma (question 13-3) will arditranty score 3 on this Item. The examiner must choose a score in the patient with stupor or limited cooperation but a soore of 3 should be used only if the patient is mute and follows no one stap commands. Coma Score "3".
◯ No aphasia, normal ◯ Mild to moderate aphasia; some obvious loss of fluency or facility of comprehension without significant limitation on ideas expressed on form of expression ◯ 2=Severe aphasia; all communication is through fragmentary expression; great need for inference, questioning, and guessing by the listener; listener carries burden of communication ◯ 3=Mute, global aphasia; no usable speech or auditory comprehension
20
(10) Dysarthria
If patient is thought to be nomal an adequate sample of speech must be obtained by asking patient to read or repeat words from the attached list. If the patient has severe aphasia, the ciartly of articulation of spontaneous speech can be rated. Only if the patlent is intubated or has other physical bamer to producing speech, may the them be not scored, and the examiner must cleany write an explanation. Do not tell the partent why helche is being tested. Coma Score "2"
◯ 0=Normal ◯ 1=Mild to moderate; patient slurs at least some words and at worst, can be understood with some difficulty ◯ 2=Severe; patient's speech is so slurred as to be unintelligible in the absence of or out of proportion to any dysphasia, or is mute/ anarthric ◯ Intubated or other physical barrier.
21
Explain if intubated or other physical barrier (Dysarthria):
22
(11) Extinction and Inattention (Neglect)
Sumplent information to Idently neglect may be obtained during the prior testing. If the patient has a severe visual loss preventing visual double simultaneous stimulation, and the cutaneous stimuli are normal, the score is nomial. If the patient has aphasla but does appear to athend to both sides, the score is nomial. The presence of visual spattal neglect or anosagnosia may also be taken as evidence of abnormally. Since the aboormally is scored only if present, the them is never untestable. Coma Score "2".
◯ 0=No abnomality ◯ Visual, tactile, auditory, spatial, or personal inattention or extinction to bilateral simultaneous stimulation in one of the sensory modalities ◯ 2=Profound hemi-inattention or hemi-inattention to more than one modality; does not recognize own hand or onents to only one side of space
23
Not applicable
24
Name of assessor:
The assessor must be a study team member who has completed NIHSS certification.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
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Appendix 8 Modified Rankin Scale (mRS)
1
Modified Rankin Scale:
◯ (D) No symptoms at all ◯ (1) No significant disability despite symptoms; able to carry out all usual duties and activities ◯ (2) Slight disability, unable to carry out all previous activities but able to look after own affairs without assistance ◯ (3) Moderate disability requiring some help, but able to walk without assistance ◯ (4) Moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance ◯ (5) Severe disability, bedridden, incontinent, and requiring constant nursing care and attention
2
For response 2 above, specify the previous activities that can no longer be carried out:
3
Name of assessor:
The assessor must be a study team member who has completed mRS certification.
Appendix 9 Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)
Note: The scale presented here is based on the original article by Jennett and Bond. It has become common practice in elinical trial administration, however, to use a modified version that places the scores in reverse order (i e., "good recovery" , "moderate disability" , etc.).
Score
Description
1
DEATH
2
PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE Patient exhibits no obvious cortical function.
3
SEVERE DISABILITY (Conscious but disabled). Patient depends upon others for daily support due to mental or physical disability or both.
4
MODERATE DISABILITY (Disabled but independent). Patient is independent as far as daily life is concerned. The disabilities found include varying degrees of dysphasia, hemiparesis, or ataxia, as well as intellectual and memory deficits and personality changes.
5
GOOD RECOVERY Resumption of normal activities even though there may be minor neurological or psychological deficits.
TOTAL (1-5):
References
Jennett B, Bond M. "Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage."
Lancet 1975 Mar 1;1(7905):480-4
0 = unable needs help cutting, spreading butter, etc., or requires modified diet
10 = independent
BATHING
0 = dependent independent (or in shower)
GROOMING needs to help with personal care independent face/hair/teeth/shaving (implements provided)
DRESSING
0 = dependent
5 = needs help but can do about half unaided
10 = independent (including buttons, zips, laces, etc.)
BOWELS
0 = incontinent (or needs to be given enemas)
5 = occasional accident continent
BLADDER incontinent, or catheterized and unable to manage alone occasional accident continent
TOILET USE dependent
5 = needs some help, but can do something alone
10 = independent (on and off, dressing, wiping)
TRANSFERS (BED TO CHAIR AND BACK) unable, no sitting balance
5 = major help (one or two people, physical), can sit minor help (verbal or physical) independent
MOBILITY (ON LEVEL SURFACES)
0 = immobile or < 50 yards wheelchair independent, including comers, > 50 yards
10 = walks with help of one person (verbal or physical) > 50 yards
15 = independent (but may use any aid; for example, stick) > 50 yards
STAIRS unable
5 = needs help (verbal, physical, carrying aid) independent
TOTAL (0-100):
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
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Appendix 10 (cont.) Barthel Index (BI)
The Barthel ADL Index: Guidelines
The index should be used as a record of what a patient does, not as a record of what a patient could do.
The main aim is to establish degree of independence from any help, physical or verbal, however minor and for whatever reason.
The need for supervision renders the patient not independent.
A patient's performance should be established using the best available evidence. Asking the patient, fiends/relatives and nurses are the usual sources, but direct observation and common sense are also important. However direct testing is not needed.
Usually the patient's performance over the preceding hours is important, but occasionally longer periods will be relevant.
Middle categories imply that the patient supplies over 50 per cent of the effort.
Use of aids to be independent is allowed.
Appendix 11 Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
A. Controlled Oral Word Association Test
Letter L
Instruct the study participant as follows:
"I am going to say a letter and I want you to name, as fast as you can, as many words as you can think of which start with this letter. The letter is L. You will have one minute. Ready? Begin."
Record the study participant's responses in the following table.
Acceptable
Acceptable
1.
□
21.
□
2.
□
22.
□
3.
□
23.
□
4.
□
24.
□
5.
□
25.
□
6.
□
26.
7.
□
27.
□
8.
□
28.
□
9.
□
29.
□
10.
□
30.
□
11.
□
31.
□
12.
□
32.
□
13.
□
33.
□
14.
□
34.
□
15.
□
35.
□
16.
□
36.
□
17.
□
37.
□
18.
□
38.
□
19.
□
39.
□
20.
□
40.
□
Total words generated: □
Total acceptable words: □
12GEN130355_M29093_COWAT_L_v1_17_Mar_2014
Appendix 11 (cont.)
Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
B . Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R)
Form 1
Semantic Categories: Four-Legged Animals, Precious Stones, Human Dwellings
Name Sex
Age years
months
Examiner
Word List
Learning Trials
Delayed Recall Trial ( .)
LION
Trial 1
Trial 3
Trial 4
EMERALD
HORSE
TENT
SAPPHIRE
HOTEL
CAVE
OPAL
TIGER
PEARL
COW
HUT
Total correct responses =
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
Delayed Recognition Trial Instructions
The Delayed Recognition (Forced Choice) trial is administered immediately after the Delayed Recall trial. Say the following:
Now I am going to read a longer list of words to you. Some of them are words from the original list, and some are not. After I read each word, I'd like you to say "Yes" if it was on the original list, or "No" if it was not.
Read the words of the Delayed Recognition trial list in numerical order. Allow the individual as much time as needed to respond. You may use the prompt, "Was horse on the list? Yes or no?" The individual must give you a response for every word. If the individual is not sure, ask for a guess.
Delayed Recognition Trial (Forced Choice)
1. HORSE
Y N
7. house
Y N
13. HUT
Y N
19. TENT
Y N
2. ruby
Y N
8. OPAL
Y N
14. EMERALD
Y N
20. mountain
Y N
3. CAVE
Y N
9. TIGER
Y N
15. SAPPHIRE
Y N
21. cat
Y N
4. balloon
Y N
10. boat
Y N
16. dog
Y N
22. HOTEL
Y N
5. coffee
Y N
11. scart
Y N
17. apartment
Y N
23. COW
Y N
6. LION
Y N
12. PEARL
Y N
18. penny
Y N
24. diamond
Y N
Total number of true-positive responses ("hits"): /12 (no shading)
Total Recall (sum of total correct responses for Trials 1, 2, & 3)
Delayed Recall (Trial 4)
Retention (%) [(Trial 4 ÷ Higher score of Trials 2 and 3) × 100]
Recognition Discrimination Index (Total no. of true-positives) - (Total no. of false-positives)
Normative table (Appendix A):
4
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
C. Digit Symbol Coding from the WAIS III
DIGIT SYMBOL SUBSTITUTION (DSS) TASK
SAMPLES
1
5
4
2
7
6
3
5
7
2
8
5
4
6
3
7
2
8
1
9
5
8
4
7
3
6
2
5
1
9
2
8
3
7
4
6
5
9
4
8
3
7
2
6
1
5
4
6
3
9
2
8
1
7
9
4
6
8
5
9
7
1
8
5
2
9
4
8
6
3
7
9
8
6
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
D. Forward and Backward Digit Span Test
FORWARD AND BACKWARD DIGIT SPAN TEST
DIGIT SPAN (FORWARD)*
Ask patient, "Repent each group of numbers in the same order that I say them." Read numbers at rate of one each second. If patient passes the first trial, advance to the first trial of the next item. If patient fails the first trial, administer the second trial of that item. Stop when patient fails both trials of any item. Score is best performance's maximum number of digits correct.
DIGIT FORWARD
WRITE RESPONSE
CORRECT
8-4-7 3-7-5
□ Yes
No
□
□ Yes
□ No
9-3-4-1
8-3-9-6
□
□ No
□ Yes
□ No.
□
□
□ Yes
□ No
□ Yes
□
□ Yes
□ No
□ Yes
□
□ Yes
□ No
DIGIT FORWARD SCORE (3-7) □
DIGIT SPAN (BACKWARD)*
Say to patient, "Now I am going to say some more numbers, but this time when I stop, I want you to say them backwards. For example, if I said 7-1-9, what would you say?" Read numbers at rate of one each second. If patient passes the first trial, advance to the first trial of the next item. If patient fails the first trial, administer the second trial of that item. Stop when patient fails both trials of any item. Score is best performance's maximum number of digits correct.
DIGIT FORWARD
WRITE RESPONSE
CORRECT
5-8
□ Yes ◯
No
□ Yes
□ No
6-2-9
□
□
□ Yes
□
4-9-6-8
3-8-1-4
□
□
□ Yes
□
1-5-2-8-6
□
□
6-2-9-7-2
□
□ No
7-1-5-2-8-6
◯ Yes
□
□ Yes
□ No
DIGIT BACKWARD SCORE (2-6) □
Appendix 11 (cont.)
Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
E. Benton Judgment of Line Orientation
Benton Judgment Of Line Orientation - Form V
Name denc No. Date
Age Gender Education Handedness Examiner
Instructions: Record each response choice. Circle all errors.
PRACTICE ITEMS
A 1-6 B
B 4-8
C 4-10 D 7-8
E 2-4 1 6
B 4 8 C' 4 10 D' 7 B
E 2 4
TEST ITEMS
1.
5-10
HH
16.
7-8
MM
2.
2-11
MM
17.
3-5
HH
3.
1-2
LL
18.
10-11
MH
4.
1-7
HH
19.
1-4
MM
5.
6-7
HH
20.
3-11
LL
6.
5-6
LL
21.
6-10
LL
7.
4-5
HH
22.
2-9
LI
8.
1-3
MM
23.
3-8
HH
9.
5-11
MM
24.
9-11
HH
10.
1-10
HH
25.
3-4
LM
11.
1-7
MM
26.
8-9
LL
12
2-6
HH
27.
8-11
HH
13.
7-9
MM
28.
7-10
LL
14.
2-5
HL
29.
3-10
HL
15.
1-9
LL
30.
5-8
HM
Correct □
IMPRESSION:
LESION SUMMARY:
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
F. Animal Naming Test
ANIMAL NAMING
Introduction: "I'd like to ask a question to check your memory."
Instruction: "Tell me the names of as many animals as you can think of, as quickly as possible."
Procedure: Time for 60 seconds and record all responses.
If the person stops before 60 seconds, say "Any more animals?"
If the person says nothing for 15 seconds, say " A dog is an animal.
"Can you tell me more animals?"
Scoring: Count the total number of animals (NOT including repetitions or non-animal words):
Next step: If the score is less than 14, further testing should be done.
Sager MD, MA; Hermann PhD, BP; LaRue PhD, A; Woodard PhD, JL, Screening for Dementia in Community-based Memory Clinics. Wisconsin Medical Journal 2006.105(7)25-29
12GEN130355_M29093_Animal Naming Test_v1_17_Mar_2014
Page 1 of 2
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
Directions for Scoring Animal Naming Screen
Instructions: "Tell me the names of as many animals as you can think of, as quickly as possible."
If the person says nothing for 15 seconds, say "A dog is an animal. Can you tell me more animals?" If the person
stops before 60 seconds, say "Any more animals?"
Scoring: Count all animals, including birds, fish, reptiles, insects, humans, extinct animals, etc. Credit can be given for general category terms (e.g., dog) and for specific instances (e.g., terriers) when both are given. Credit only one item when people name the same animal at different developmental stages (e.g., sheep, lamb).
Note: These minimalist initial instructions date back to an early research study on verbal fluency in aging and dementia by Wilma Rosen (1980) in which subjects were instructed to "give the names of as many animals as you can think of' for 60 seconds. These very brief instructions have been subsequently used in several normative studies (e.g., Tombaugh et al., 1999 and Mayo's MOANS studies such as Lucas et al., 1998) and in some other recent studies of the efficacy of verbal fluency as a diagnostic tool for dementia (e.g., Canning et al., 2004).
Appendix 11 (cont.)
Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
Item
Response
Correct Response
Latency Seconds
Stimulus Cue
Phonemic Cue
Multiple Choice
9. cactus (saguara) (something that grows)
10. hammock (you lie on it)
11. stethoscope (used by doctors and nurses)
12. unicorn (mythical animal)
13. tripod (photographers or surveyors use it)
14. Sphinx (it's found in Egypt)
15. palette (artists use it)
Appendix 11 (cont.) Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments
Summary of Scores
Number of spontaneously given correct responses
Number of stimulus cues given
Number of correct responses following a stimulus cue
Number of phonemic cues
Number of correct responses following the phonemic cue
Number of multiple choices given
Number of correct choices
Total Number Correct (1+3)
Total Score:
(Add credit for items preceding the first item passed. Disregard if you started with item 1.)
Appendix 12
10 Meter Walk Test
Description: The 10 meter walk test is a measure of walking speed.
Equipment: Utilize a quiet hallway or open space at least 14 meters long, digital stopwatch, clipboard, tape measure, and tape to mark standardized course layout, and 2 chairs.
Bracing and Assistive Device: The subject should be wearing comfortable flat shoes or shoes with a heel less than inch. Have the subject perform this test with their most often used assistive device and orthotics. Note the specific type of assistive device and orthotics utilized on the source document.
Physical Assistance Provided During Testing:
Physical assistance may be provided as needed to maintain safety and stability. If additional assistance is needed, a non-blinded member of the investigation team can provide the additional assistance. No assistance can be provided for paretic limb advancement. A gait belt may be used during the test. The amount of assistance provided will be recorded with assignment of a Functional Ambulation Category (FAC). See FAC for description of procedure.
Test Administration:
Course Layout: The walking Course is established indoors on a level, non-carpeted surface measuring a length of 14 meters. The course is marked with tape at 0 meters, 2 meters, 12 meters, and 14 meters. 2 chairs can be placed near the 0 meter and 14 meter mark.
Instruct the subject in the goal of the 10 meter walk test while the subject is seated:
"You are going to walk a distance of about feet. We will repeat this distance four times. The first two times will be completed at your comfortable pace, the final two times you will walk as quickly and safely as you can. Do you have any questions?"
Demonstrate where you want the subject to walk.
Walk the subject to the start line (0 meters). Provide the subject with the following instructions:
"You will walk at a comfortable pace to the chair." (DO NOT refer to the tape on the floor.) The start command is "Ready and Go".
When you and the subject are ready, say "Ready and Go". If the subject starts too early, start again.
Appendix 12 (cont.) 10 Meter Walk Test
Instructions for Recording Time:
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 14 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance
"Comfortable" Pace Trial 1 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 14 meter line.
When the subject is ready, have them repeat the SAME PROCEDURE except they will start from the 14 meter line and end at 0 meter line.
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 0 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance on the "Comfortable" Pace Trial 2 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 0 meter line.
Subject Instructions for the last 2 trials:
"You are going to walk the same distances for two additional trials as quickly and as safely as you can. Do you have any questions?"
When the subject is ready, walk the subject to the start line (0 meters). Provide the subject with the following instructions:
"You will walk as quickly and as safely as you can to the chair." (Use an appropriate descriptor for chair/location, but DO NOT refer to the tape on the floor.) The start command is "Ready and Go".
When you and the subject are ready, say "Ready and Go". If the subject starts too early, have them start again.
Appendix 12 (cont.) 10 Meter Walk Test
Instructions for Recording Time:
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 14 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance on the "As Fast As Possible" Pace Trial 1 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 14 meter line.
When the subject is ready, have them repeat the SAME PROCEDURE except they will start from the 14 meter line and end at 0 meter line.
□ START the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 12 meter line
□ STOP the stopwatch when the subject's first foot crosses the plane of the 2 meter line.
□ Have the subject continue walking until he/she reaches the chair after the 0 meter line.
□ Record (in seconds to the hundredths) the time it took for the subject to walk the ten meter distance on the "As Fast As Possible" Pace Trial 2 line on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
□ The subject can rest, if needed, in the chair near the 0 meter line.
Record the assistive device used and the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) on the 10 Meter Walk Test Source Document.
REFERENCES:
Duncan PW, Sullivan KJ, Behrman AL, et al. Protocol for the Locomotor Experience Applied Post-stroke (LEAPS) trial: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurology 2007;7(1):39.
Perry J, Garrett M, Gronley JK, et al. Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population. Stroke 1995, 26(6):982-89.
Richards CL, Malouin F, Wood-Dauphinee S, et al. Gait velocity as an outcome measure of locomotor recovery after stroke. In: Craik RA, Oatis C, eds. Gait Analysis: Theory and Applications. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1995:355-64.
Appendix 13
Preferred Terms for Intracranial Hemorrhage
An intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is considered symptomatic if it is not seen on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at baseline and any neurologic decline is attributed to it by the local investigator. Below is the list of preferred terms (PTs) using the MedDRA term to describe the ICH event:
Basal ganglia hemorrhage
Brain stem hematoma
Brain stem hemorrhage
Brain stem microhemorrhage
Cerebellar hematoma
Cerebellar hemorrhage
Cerebellar microhemorrhage
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemorrhagic
Cerebral hematoma
Cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral microhemorrhage
Epidural hemorrhage
Extradural hematoma
Hemorrhage intracranial
Hemorrhagic cerebral infarction
Hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic transformation stroke
Intracranial hematoma
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Meningorrhagia
Pituitary hemorrhage
Putamen hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subdural hematoma
Subdural hemorrhage
Thalamus hemorrhage
Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage
Appendix 14
World Health Organization (WHO) Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
HEMATOLOGY
ITEM
Grade 1 Toxicity
Grade 2 Toxicity
Grade 3 Toxicity
Grade 4 Toxicity
Hemoglobin
Absolute Neutrophil Count
Platelets
Prothrombin Time (PT)
ULN
ULN
1.51-3.0 × ULN
ULN
Activated Partial Thromboplastin (APPT)
1.01-1.66x ULN
ULN
2.34-3 ULN
ULN
Fibrinogen
0.75-0.99X LLN
0.50-0.74 × LL.N
0.25-0.49 × LLN
LLN
Fibrin Split Product
Methemoglobin
5-9.9%
10.0-14.9%
15.0-19.9%
>20%
LIVER ENZYMES
AST (SGOT)
UL.N
ULN
5.1-10x ULN
ALT (SGPT)
ULN
2.6-5x ULN
5.1-10 x ULN
ULN
GGT
1.25-2.5 × ULN
1.6-5 x ULN
ULN
Alkaline Phosphatase
125-2.5x ULN
ULN
ULN
ULN
Amylase
ULN
UL.N
2.1-5.0x ULN
CHEMISTRIES
Hyponatremia
<116 or mental status changes or seizures
Hypernatremia
.
or mental status changes or seizures
Hypokalemia
or intensive replacement Rx required or hospitalization required.
or paresis or ileus or life-threatening arrhythmua
Hyperkalemia
or life-threatening arrhythmia
Hypoglycemia
or mental status changes or coma
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
102/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Appendix 14 (cont.)
World Health Organization (WHO) Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
CHEMISTRIES (continued)
Hyperglycemia (note if fasting)
. or ketoacidosis or seizures
Hypocalcemia (corrected for albumin)
.
or life threatening arrhythmia or tetany
Hypercalcemia (correct for albumin)
life-threatening arrhythmia
Hypomagnesemua
or lifethreatening arrhythmia
Hypophosphatemia
.
or replacement Rx required
mtensive Rx or hospitalization required
or lifethreatening arrhythmia
Hyperbilirubinemia
1.1-1.5xULN
1.6-2.5 x ULN
ULN
> 5xULN
BUN
1,25-2,5x ulN
2.6-5 x ULN
ULN
> 10 xulN
Creatinine
ULN
1.6-3.0x ULN
3.1-6 x ULN
ULN or required dialysis
URINALYSIS
Proteinuria
or or or loss/day
2-3+or 0.3-1.0% or loss/day
or or g/L loss/day
nephrotic syndrome or loss/day
Hematuria
microscopic only
gross, no clots
gross + clots
obstructive or required transfusion
CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION
Cardiac Rhythm
asymptomatic, transient signs, no Rx required
recurrent/persistent; No Rx required
requires treatment
Hypertension
transient inc. ; no Rx
recurrent, chronic, > 20 mm . Rx required
requires acute Rx; No hospitalization
requires hospitalization
Hypotension
transient orthostatic hypotension, No Rx
symptoms correctable with oral fluids Rx
requires IV fluids, no hospitalization required
requires hospitalization
Pericarditis
minimal effusion
mild/moderate asymptomatic effusion, no Rx
symptomatic effusion: pain; EKG changes
tamponade; pericardiocentesis or surgery required
Hemorrhage, Blood Loss
microscopic/occult
mild, no transfusion
gross blood loss, 1-2 units transfused
massive blood loss; units transfused
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
103/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Appendix 14 (cont.)
World Health Organization (WHO) Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
mild difficulty concentrating; no Rx; mild confusion/agitation: ADL unaffected
moderate confusion/agitation some limitation of ADL, minimal Rx
severe confusion/agitation needs assistance for ADL; therapy required
toxic psychosis; hospitalization
Muscle Strength
subjective weakness no objective symptoms/ signs
mild objective signs/symptoms no decrease in function
objective weakness function limited
paralysis
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
104/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Appendix 14 (cont.)
World Health Organization (WHO) Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events
OTHER PARAMETERS
Fever oral, > 12 hours
37.7-38.5 C or 100.0-101.5 F
38.6-39.5 C or
39.6-40.5 C or 103-105 F
> 40 C or
Headache
mild, no Rx therapy
transient, moderate; Rx required
severe, responds to initial narcotic therapy
intractable, required repeated narcotic therapy
Fatigue
no decrease in ADL
normal activity decreased 25-50%
normal activity decreased > 50% can't work
unable to care for self
Allergic Reaction
pruritus without rash
localized urticaria
generalized urticaria: angioedema
anaphylaxis
Local Reaction
tenderness or erythema
induration or phlebitis or inflammation
induration > 10 cm or ulceration
necrosis
Mucocutaneous
erythema, pruritus
diffuse, maculo papular rash, dry desquamation
vesiculation, moist desquamation, or ulceration
exfoliative dermatitis, mucous membrane involvement or erythema, multiforme or suspected StevensJohnson or necrosis requiring surgery
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
105/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 1 14
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 1 61
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 1
1AE/SAE collection should be started as soon as study drug administration (bolus) is initiated.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2 51
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
Protocol ML29093, Version 2
73
SCORING: zero for answers in the first column, 1 for answers in the second column, 2 for answers in the third column, 3 for answers in the fourth column. The scoring of positive items is reversed. Possible range of scores is zero to 60 , with the higher scores indicating the presence of more symptomatology.
*Wechsler, D (1987) Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Manual. San Antonio, TX Psychological Corporation.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
22/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
36/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
39/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
1AE/SAE collection should be started as soon as study drug administration (bolus) is initiated.
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
43/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
58/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
60/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
61/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
62/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
66/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Abbreviated Clinical Study Report: Alteplase-Genentech, Inc. 620/aCSR ML29093
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
88/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
90/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Wechsle1, D (1987), Wechsler Memory Scale-Rev ised Mamal San Antonio, TX. Psychological Conporalion
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
92/Protocol ML29093, Version 3
Alteplase-Genentech, Inc.
93/Protocol ML29093, Version 3