# GPU Batch Test - Final
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: client_interaction
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

The framework established by legislation such as the Employment Rights Act 1996, Equality Act 2010, and Working Time Regulations 1998 provides essential protections while allowing flexibility for different working arrangements. As the nature of work continues to evolve with technological advancement and changing social attitudes, employment law will continue to adapt to address new challenges and protect all parties in the employment relationship.
Understanding employment law is essential not just for HR professionals and employment lawyers, but for all managers, business owners, and employees. Proper training, clear policies, and early resolution of disputes can prevent many employment tribunal claims and create better working relationships. When disputes do arise, early legal advice and ACAS conciliation should be considered before embarking on potentially lengthy and costly tribunal litigation.


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Separation of Powers | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

[Page 3]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | iii
[Page 4]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | iii	TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES OF ENACTMENT; REPEALS; SEALING OF INSTRUMENTS 1
§ 106a. Promulgation of laws 1
§ 106b. Amendments to Constitution 1
§ 112. Statutes at Large; contents; admissibility in evidence 1
§ 113. “Little and Brown’s” edition of laws and treaties; slip laws; T reaties and Other International Acts Series;
admissibility in evidence 1
§ 201. Publication and distribution of Code of Laws of United States and Supplements and
District of Columbia Code and Supplements 2
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS AND VACANCIES
§ 6. Credentials of electors; transmission to Archivist of the United States and to Congress; public inspection 2
§ 11. Disposition of certificates 2
§ 12. Failure of certificates of electors to reach President of the Senate or Archivist of the United States;
demand on State for certificate 3
§ 13. Same; demand on district judge for certificate 3
FORMER PRESIDENTS ACT 3


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

OFFICIAL TERRITORIAL PAPERS 4
§ 141. Collection, preparation and publication 4
§ 142. Appointment of experts 5
§ 143. Employment and utilization of other personnel; cost of copy reading and indexing 5
§ 144. Cooperation of departments and agencies 5
§ 145. Printing and distribution 5
§ 146. Authorization of appropriations 5
INSPECTOR GENERAL ACT OF 1978 6
§ 8G. Requirements for Federal entities and designated Federal entities 6
CONCEALMENT, REMOVAL, OR MUTILATION OF RECORDS 7
DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION WITHIN THE UNITED STATES 8
FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES HISTORICAL SERIES 8
CUSTODY OF RECORDS; OKLAHOMA HISTORICAL SOCIETY 9
INTERNAL REVENUE CODE 9
INDEPENDENT COUNSEL 10
CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING 11
§ 710. Copies of Acts furnished to Public Printer 11
§ 711. Printing Acts, joint resolutions, and treaties 11
§ 729. United States Statutes at Large: references in margins 11
[Page 5]


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Company Law - Directors Duties | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

iv | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | v	FEDERAL REGISTER AND THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS 11
§ 1501. Definitions 12
§ 1502. Custody and printing of Federal documents; appointment of Director 12
§ 1503. Filing documents with Office; notation of time; public inspection; transmission for printing 12
§ 1504. “Federal Register”; printing; contents; distribution; price 12
§ 1505. Documents to be published in Federal Register 13
§ 1506. Administrative Committee of the Federal Register; establishment and composition; powers and duties 13
§ 1507. Filing document as constructive notice; publication in Federal Register as presumption of validity;
judicial notice; citation 14
§ 1508. Publication in Federal Register as notice of hearing 14
§ 1509. Costs of publication, etc. 14
§ 1510. Code of Federal Regulations 14
§ 1511. International agreements excluded from provisions of chapter 15
DISTRIBUTION AND SALE OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS 15


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: legal_news_analysis
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

§ 1714. Publications for use of National Archives and Records Administration 15
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION 16
§ 2101. Definitions 16
§ 2102. Establishment 16
§ 2103. Officers 19
§ 2104. Administrative provisions 19
§ 2105. Personnel and services 19
§ 2106. Reports to Congress 20
§ 2107. Acceptance of records for historical preservation 20
§ 2107 Note. President John F . Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act 21
§ 2108. Responsibility for custody, use, and withdrawal of records 31
§ 2109. Preservation, arrangement, duplication, exhibition of records 33
§ 2110. Servicing records 33
§ 2111. Material accepted for deposit 33
§ 2112. Presidential archival depository 35
§ 2113. Depository for agreements between States 38
§ 2114. Preservation of audio and visual records 38
§ 2115. Reports; correction of violations 38
§ 2116. Legal status of reproductions; official seal; fees for copies and reproductions 39
§ 2117. Limitation on liability 39
§ 2118. Records of Congress 39


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: client_interaction
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

§ 2119. Cooperative agreements 39
§ 2120. Online access of Founding Fathers documents 40
PRESIDENTIAL RECORDS 40
§ 2201. Definitions 40
§ 2202. Ownership of Presidential records 41
§ 2203. Management and custody of Presidential records 41
§ 2204. Restrictions on access to Presidential records 42
§ 2205. Exceptions to restricted access 43
§ 2206. Regulations 43
§ 2207. Vice-Presidential records 43
[Page 6]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | v	§ 2208. Claims of constitutionally based privilege against disclosure 43
§ 2209. Disclosure requirement for official business conducted using non-official electronic messaging accounts 45
NATIONAL ARCHIVES TRUST FUND BOARD 45
§ 2301. Establishment of Board; membership 45
§ 2302. Authority of the Board; seal; services; bylaws; rules; regulations; employees 45
§ 2303. Powers and obligations of the Board; liability of members 46
§ 2304. Compensation of members; availability of trust funds for expenses of the Board 46
§ 2305. Acceptance of gifts 46


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

§ 2306. Investment of funds 46
§ 2307. T rust fund account; disbursements; sales of publications and releases 46
§ 2308. Tax exemption for gifts 46
NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS COMMISSION 47
§ 2501. Creation; composition; appointment and tenure; meetings 47
§ 2502. Vacancies 47
§ 2503. Executive director, staff, transportation expenses 47
§ 2504. Duties; authorization of grants for historical publications and records programs;
authorization for appropriations 48
§ 2505. Special advisory committees; membership; reimbursement 49
§ 2506. Records to be kept by grantees 49
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE RECORDS OF CONGRESS 49
§ 2701. Advisory Committee on the Records of Congress 50
§ 2702. Membership; chairman; meetings 50
§ 2703. Functions of the Committee 50
§ 2704. Powers of the Committee 50
§ 2705. Compensation and travel expenses 50
§ 2706. Administrative provisions 51
RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY THE ARCHIVIST OF THE UNITED STATES 51
§ 2901. Definitions 51
§ 2902. Objectives of records management 53


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: hypothetical
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

§ 2903. Custody and control of property 53
§ 2904. General responsibilities for records management 53
§ 2905. Establishment of standards for selective retention of records; security measures 54
§ 2906. Inspection of agency records 54
§ 2907. Records centers and centralized microfilming services 55
§ 2908. Regulations 55
§ 2909. Retention of records 55
§ 2910. Preservation of Freedmen’s Bureau records 55
§ 2911. Disclosure requirement for official business conducted using non-official electronic messaging accounts 55
RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY FEDERAL AGENCIES 56
§ 3101. Records management by agency heads; general duties 56
§ 3102. Establishment of program of management 56
§ 3103. T ransfer of records to records centers 56
§ 3104. Certifications and determinations on transferred records 56
§ 3105. Safeguards 56
[Page 7]
vi | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | vii	§ 3106. Unlawful removal, destruction of records 56
§ 3107. Authority of Comptroller General 57
DISPOSAL OF RECORDS  57


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

§ 3301. Definition of records 57
§ 3302. Regulations covering lists of records for disposal, procedure for disposal, and standards for reproduction 58
§ 3303. Lists and schedules of records to be submitted to the Archivist by head of each Government agency 58
§ 3303a. Examination by Archivist of lists and schedules of records lacking preservation value; disposal of records 58
§ 3308. Disposal of similar records where prior disposal was authorized 59
§ 3309. Preservation of claims of Government until settled in Government Accountability Office; disposal authorized
upon written approval of Comptroller General 59
§ 3310. Disposal of records constituting menace to health, life, or property 59
§ 3311. Destruction of records outside continental United States in time of war or when hostile action seems imminent;
written report to Archivist 59
§ 3312. Photographs or microphotographs of records considered as originals; certified reproductions admissible in
evidence 59


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

§ 3313. Moneys from sale of records payable into the T reasury 60
§ 3314. Procedures for disposal of records exclusive 60
COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY  60
§ 3501 Note. E-Government Act of 2002 60
§ 3504. Authority and functions of Director 63
§ 3511. Establishment and operation of Government Information Locator Service 65
§ 3515. Administrative powers 66
MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES  66
§ 3603. Chief Information Officers Council 66
ATOMIC ENERGY DEFENSE PROVISIONS 67
§ 2672. Protection against inadvertent release of restricted data and formerly restricted data 67
§ 2673. Supplement to plan for declassification of restricted data and formerly restricted data 68
DOCUMENTS RELATING TO JAPANESE INTERNMENT 69
NAZI WAR CRIMES DISCLOSURE ACT 69
DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION ON JAPANESE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT 72
PUBLIC INTEREST DECLASSIFICATION ACT OF 2000, AS AMENDED 74
NON-NARA STATUTES 80
Access to Classified Information 80
Administrative Dispute Resolution Act 80


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Tort Law - Negligence | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

Administrative Procedure Act 80
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 80
Anti-Deficiency Act 81
Anti-Nepotism Act 81
Augmentation Prohibition 81
Debt Collection Act of 1982 81
Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996 81
Depository Library Program 82
[Page 8]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | vii	Economy in Government Act 82
Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996 82
Emergency Preparedness 82
Equal Access to Justice Act 82
Ethics in Government Act Of 1978 83
Ethics in Government Act Amendments Of 1982 83
Ethics in Government Act Amendments Of 1985 83
Ethics in Government Act Amendments Of 1990 83
Ethics Reform Act Of 1989 83
Executive and Judiciary Printing and Binding 83
Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act 84
Federal Advisory Committee Act 84
Federal Tort Claims Act 84
Government in the Sunshine Act 84
Government Paperwork Elimination Act 85
Government Performance and Results Act 85
Hobby Protection Act 85
Information Technology Management Reform Act 85
Paperwork Reduction Act 86


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: conversational
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

Pay Rates and Systems 86
Public Printing and Documents 86
Regulatory Negotiation Act 86
Rehabilitation Act 87
Use of Government Vehicles 87
Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 87
Whistleblower Protection Laws 87
1952 EXCHANGE OF CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE DIRECTOR OF
THE BUREAU OF CENSUS AND THE ARCHIVIST OF THE UNITED STATES  88
EXECUTIVE ORDERS 90
Executive Order 11440—Providing for the Supplemental Use of Exhibits and Displays Created in Furtherance of
Authorized Programs of Executive Departments and Agencies 90
Executive Order 12600—Predisclosure Notification Procedures for Confidential Commercial Information 92
Executive Order 12829—National Industrial Security Program 94
Executive Order 12937—Declassification of Selected Records 98
Executive Order 12968—Access to Classified Information  Within the National Archives of the United States  99
Executive Order 13467—Reforming Processes Related to Suitability for Government Employment,


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: procedural_guide
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

Fitness for Contractor Employees, and Eligibility for Access to Classified National Security Information 108
Executive Order 13489—Presidential Records 113
Executive Order 13526—Classified National Security Information 115
THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT 137
5 U.S.C. § 552, As Amended
THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 147
5 U.S.C. § 552a, As Amended
[Page 9]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 1
[Page 10]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 1	ACTS and RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES of ENACTMENT;
REPEALS; SEALING of INSTRUMENTS
(1 U.S.C. Chapter 2)
§ 106A. PROMULGATION OF LAWS
Whenever a bill, order, resolution, or vote of the Senate
and House of Representatives, having been approved by
the President, or not having been returned by him with
his objections, becomes a law or takes effect, it shall
forthwith be received by the Archivist of the United States
from the President; and whenever a bill, order, resolution,
or vote is returned by the President with his objections,
and, on being reconsidered, is agreed to be passed, and is


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Separation of Powers | Sample Type: general_reasoning
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

approved by two-thirds of both Houses of Congress, and
thereby becomes a law or takes effect, it shall be received
by the Archivist of the United States from the President
of the Senate, or Speaker of the House of Representatives
in whichsoever House it shall last have been so approved,
and he shall carefully preserve the originals.
§ 106B. AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION
Whenever official notice is received at the National
Archives and Records Administration that any
amendment proposed to the Constitution of the United
States has been adopted, according to the provisions of
the Constitution, the Archivist of the United States shall
forthwith cause the amendment to be published, with his
certificate, specifying the States by which the same may
have been adopted, and that the same has become valid,
to all intents and purposes, as a part of the Constitution
of the United States.
§ 112.  STATUTES AT LARGE; CONTENTS;
ADMISSIBILITY IN EVIDENCE
The Archivist of the United States shall cause to be


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Separation of Powers | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

compiled, edited, indexed, and published, the United
States Statutes at Large, which shall contain all the laws
and concurrent resolutions enacted during each regular
session of Congress; all proclamations by the President
in the numbered series issued since the date of the
adjournment of the regular session of Congress next preceding; and also any amendments to the Constitution
of the United States proposed or ratified pursuant
to article V thereof since that date, together with the
certificate of the Archivist of the United States issued in
compliance with the provision contained in section 106b
of this title. In the event of an extra session of Congress,
the Archivist of the United States shall cause all the laws
and concurrent resolutions enacted during said extra
session to be consolidated with, and published as part of,
the contents of the volume for the next regular session.
The United States Statutes at Large shall be legal evidence
of laws, concurrent resolutions, treaties, international


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Separation of Powers | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

agreements other than treaties, proclamations by the
President, and proposed or ratified amendments to the
Constitution of the United States therein contained, in all
the courts of the United States, the several States, and the
Territories and insular possessions of the United States.
§ 113.  “LITTLE AND BROWN ’S” EDITION OF
LAWS AND TREATIES; SLIP LAWS; TREATIES
AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES;
ADMISSIBILITY IN EVIDENCE
The edition of the laws and treaties of the United States,
published by Little and Brown, and the publications in
slip or pamphlet form of the laws of the United States
issued under the authority of the Archivist of the United
States, and the Treaties and Other International Acts
Series issued under the authority of the Secretary of State
shall be competent evidence of the several public and
private Acts of Congress, and of the treaties, international
agreements other than treaties, and proclamations by the
President of such treaties and international agreements


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

other than treaties, as the case may be, therein contained,
in all the courts of law and equity and of maritime
jurisdiction, and in all the tribunals and public offices of
the United States, and of the several States, without any
further proof or authentication thereof.
[Page 11]
2 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 3	(1 U.S.C. Chapter 3)
§ 201. PUBLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION
OF CODE OF LAWS OF UNITED STATES AND
SUPPLEMENTS AND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
CODE AND SUPPLEMENTS
In order to avoid duplication and waste—
(a) Publishing in slip or pamphlet form or in Statutes at
Large.—Publication in slip or pamphlet form or in the
Statutes at Large of any of the volumes or publications
enumerated in sections 202 and 203 of this title, shall,
in event of enactment, be dispensed with whenever the
Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Represen -
tatives so directs the Archivist of the United States;
(b) Curtailing number of copies published.—Curtail -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Separation of Powers | Sample Type: practical_application
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

ment of the number provided by law to be printed and distributed of the volumes or publications enumerated
in sections 202 and 203 of this title may be directed by
such committee, except that the Director of the Gov -
ernment Publishing Office shall print such numbers
as are necessary for depository library distribution and
for sale; and
(c) Dispensing with publication of more than one Supple -
ment for each Congress.—Such committee may direct
that the printing and distribution of any supplement to
the Code of Laws of the United States or to the Code of
the District of Columbia be dispensed with entirely, ex -
cept that there shall be printed and distributed for each
Congress at least one supplement to each such code,
containing the legislation of such Congress.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS  and VACANCIES
(3 U.S.C. Chapter 1)
§ 6. CREDENTIALS OF ELECTORS;
TRANSMISSION TO ARCHIVIST OF THE
UNITED STATES AND TO CONGRESS; PUBLIC
INSPECTION
It shall be the duty of the executive of each State, as soon


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

as practicable after the conclusion of the appointment of
the electors in such State by the final ascertainment, under
and in pursuance of the laws of such State providing for
such ascertainment, to communicate by registered mail
under the seal of the State to the Archivist of the United
States a certificate of such ascertainment of the electors
appointed, setting forth the names of such electors and
the canvass or other ascertainment under the laws of such
State of the number of votes given or cast for each person
for whose appointment any and all votes have been given
or cast; and it shall also thereupon be the duty of the
executive of each State to deliver to the electors of such
State, on or before the day on which they are required by
section 7 of this title to meet, six duplicate-originals of the
same certificate under the seal of the State; and if there
shall have been any final determination in a State in the


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

manner provided for by law of a controversy or contest concerning the appointment of all or any of the electors
of such State, it shall be the duty of the executive of such
State, as soon as practicable after such determination, to
communicate under the seal of the State to the Archivist
of the United States a certificate of such determination in
form and manner as the same shall have been made; and
the certificate or certificates so received by the Archivist of
the United States shall be preserved by him for one year
and shall be a part of the public records of his office and
shall be open to public inspection; and the Archivist of the
United States at the first meeting of Congress thereafter
shall transmit to the two Houses of Congress copies in
full of each and every such certificate so received at the
National Archives and Records Administration.
§ 11. DISPOSITION OF CERTIFICATES
The electors shall dispose of the certificates so made by
them and the lists attached thereto in the following manner:


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

First. They shall forthwith forward by registered mail
one of the same to the President of the Senate at the seat
of government.
Second. T wo of the same shall be delivered to the sec -
[Page 12]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 3	retary of state of the State, one of which shall be held
subject to the order of the President of the Senate, the
other to be preserved by him for one year and shall be a
part of the public records of his office and shall be open
to public inspection.
Third. On the day thereafter they shall forward by reg -
istered mail two of such certificates and lists to the Archi -
vist of the United States at the seat of government, one of
which shall be held subject to the order of the President of
the Senate. The other shall be preserved by the Archivist
of the United States for one year and shall be a part of the
public records of his office and shall be open to public
inspection.
Fourth. They shall forthwith cause the other of the cer -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

tificates and lists to be delivered to the judge of the district
in which the electors shall have assembled.
§ 12. FAILURE OF CERTIFICATES OF
ELECTORS TO REACH PRESIDENT OF
THE SENATE OR ARCHIVIST OF THE
UNITED STATES; DEMAND ON STATE FOR
CERTIFICATE
When no certificate of vote and list mentioned in
sections 9 and 11 of this title from any State shall have been received by the President of the Senate or by the
Archivist of the United States by the fourth Wednesday
in December, after the meeting of the electors shall have
been held, the President of the Senate or, if he be absent
from the seat of government, the Archivist of the United
States shall request, by the most expeditious method
available, the secretary of state of the State to send up the
certificate and list lodged with him by the electors of such
State; and it shall be his duty upon receipt of such request
immediately to transmit same by registered mail to the
President of the Senate at the seat of government.


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Rights | Sample Type: educational
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

§ 13. SAME; DEMAND ON DISTRICT JUDGE
FOR CERTIFICATE
When no certificates of votes from any State shall have
been received at the seat of government on the fourth
Wednesday in December, after the meeting of the electors
shall have been held, the President of the Senate or, if he
be absent from the seat of government, the Archivist of
the United States shall send a special messenger to the
district judge in whose custody one certificate of votes
from that State has been lodged, and such judge shall
forthwith transmit that list by the hand of such messenger
to the seat of government.
FORMER PRESIDENTS ACT
(3 U.S.C. § 102 note)
(a) Each former President shall be entitled for the remainder
of his life to receive from the United States a monetary
allowance at a rate per annum, payable monthly by the
Secretary of the Treasury, which is equal to the annual rate
of basic pay, as in effect from time to time, of the head of an
executive department, as defined in section 101 of title 5,


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

United States Code [section 101 of Title 5]. However, such
allowance shall not be paid for any period during which
such former President holds an appointive or elective
office or position in or under the Federal Government or
the government of the District of Columbia to which is
attached a rate of pay other than a nominal rate.
(b) The Administrator of General Services shall,
without regard to the civil-service and classification laws, provide for each former President an office staff.
Persons employed under this subsection shall be selected
by the former President and shall be responsible only
to him for the performance of their duties. Each former
President shall fix basic rates of compensation for
persons employed for him under this paragraph which
in the aggregate shall not exceed $96,000 per annum,
except that for the first 30-month period during
which a former President is entitled to staff assistance
under this subsection, such rates of compensation in


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: hypothetical
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

the aggregate shall not exceed $150,000 per annum.
The annual rate of compensation payable to any such
person shall not exceed the highest annual rate of basic
pay now or hereafter provided by law for positions at
level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313
[Page 13]
4 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 5	of title 5. United States Code [section 5313 of Title 5.
Government Organization and Employees]. Amounts
provided for ‘Allowances and Office Staff for Former
Presidents’ may be used to pay fees of an independent
contractor who is not a member of the staff of the office
of a former President for the review of Presidential
records of a former President in connection with
the transfer of such records to the National Archives
and Records Administration or a Presidential Library
without regard to the limitation on staff compensation
set forth herein.
(c) The Administrator of General Services shall
furnish for each former President suitable office space


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: simple_qa
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

appropriately furnished and equipped, as determined by
the Administrator, at such place within the United States
as the former President shall specify.
(d) [Repealed. Pub.L. 86-682, § 12(c), Sept. 2, 1960, 74
Stat. 730. See sections 3214 and 3216 of Title 39.]
(e) The widow of each former President shall be entitled
to receive from the United States a monetary allowance
at a rate of $20,000 per annum, payable monthly by the
Secretary of the Treasury, if such widow shall waive the
right to each other annuity or pension to which she is
entitled under any other Act of Congress. The monetary
allowance of such widow—
(1) commences on the day after the former President
dies;
(2) terminates on the last day of the month before
such widow
(A) dies; or(B) remarries before becoming 60 years of age; and
(3) is not payable for any period during which such
widow holds an appointive or elective office or po -
sition in or under the Federal Government or the
government of the District of Columbia to which


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Rights | Sample Type: procedural_guide
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

is attached a rate of pay other than a nominal rate.
(f) As used in this section, the term ‘former President’
means a person—
(1) who shall have held the office of President of the
United States of America;
(2) whose service in such office shall have terminated
other than by removal pursuant to section 4 of
article II of the Constitution of the United States
of America; and
(3) who does not then currently hold such office.
(g) There are authorized to be appropriated to the
Administrator of General Services up to $1,000,000 for
each former President and up to $500,000 for the spouse
of each former President each fiscal year for security and
travel related expenses: Provided , That under the provisions
set forth in section 3056, paragraph (a), subparagraph
(3) of title 18, United States Code [section 3056(a)(3)
of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure], the former
President and/or spouse was not receiving protection for
a lifetime provided by the United States Secret Service


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: legal_news_analysis
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

under section 3056 paragraph (a) subparagraph (3) of
title 18, United States Code; the protection provided by
the United States Secret Service expired at its designated
time; or the protection provided by the United States
Secret Service was declined prior to authorized expiration
in lieu of these funds.
OFFICIAL TERRITORIAL PAPERS
(4 U.S.C. Chapter 5)
Sec.
141. Collection, preparation, and publication.
142. Appointment of experts.
143. Employment and utilization of other personnel; cost
of copy reading and indexing.
144. Cooperation of departments and agencies.145. Printing and distribution.
146. Authorization of appropriations.
§ 141. COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND
PUBLICATION
The Archivist of the United States, hereinafter referred
[Page 14]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 5	to in this chapter as the “Archivist”, shall continue to
completion the work of collecting, editing, copying,
and suitably arranging for issuance as a Government
publication, the official papers relating to the Territories


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

from which States of the United States were formed, in the
national archives, as listed in Parker’s “Calendar of Papers
in Washington Archives Relating to the Territories of the
United States (to 1873)”, being publication numbered
148 of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, together
with such additional papers of like character which may
be found.
§ 142.  APPOINTMENT OF EXPERTS
For the purpose of carrying on the work prescribed by
section 141 of this title, the Archivist, without regard to
the Classification Act of 1949 and the civil service laws
and regulations thereunder, may engage the services,
either in or outside of the District of Columbia, of not to
exceed five historical experts who are especially informed
on the various phases of the territorial history of the
United States and are especially qualified for the editorial
work necessary in arranging such territorial papers for
publication.
§ 143. EMPLOYMENT AND UTILIZATION
OF OTHER PERSONNEL; COST OF COPY
READING AND INDEXING


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

(a) In carrying out his functions under this chapter, the
Archivist may employ such clerical assistants as may be
necessary.
(b) The work of copy reading and index making for the
publication of the papers described in section 141 of this
title shall be done by the regular editorial staff of the Na -
tional Archives and Records Administration, and the cost
of this particular phase of the work (prorated each month
according to the number of hours spent and the annual
salaries of the clerks employed) shall be charged against
the annual appropriations made under section 146 of this
title.
§ 144. COOPERATION OF DEPARTMENTS
AND AGENCIES
The heads of the several executive departments and
independent agencies and establishments shall cooperate
with the Archivist in the work prescribed by section 141 of this title by permitting access to any records deemed
by him to be necessary to the completion of such work.
§ 145. PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION
(a) The Director of the Government Publishing Office


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

shall print and bind each volume of the official papers
relating to the Territories of the United States as provided
for in this chapter, of which—
(1) four hundred and twenty copies shall be deliv -
ered to the Superintendent of Documents, Gov -
ernment Printing Office, for distribution, on the
basis of one copy each, and as directed by the
Archivist, to those historical associations, com -
missions, museums, or libraries and other nonde -
pository libraries, not to exceed eight in number
within each State, Territory, or Possession, which
have been or may be designated by the Governor
thereof to receive such copies;
(2) one hundred copies shall be delivered to the Na -
tional Archives and Records Administration for
the use of that Administration; and
(3) one hundred copies shall be delivered to the Su -
perintendent of Documents for distribution in
such manner and number as may be authorized
and directed by the Joint Committee on Printing.
(b) The historical associations, commissions, muse -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

ums, or libraries and other nondepository libraries with -
in each State, Territory, or Possession which have been
or may be designated by the Governor thereof to receive
the publications referred to in subsection (a) of this sec -
tion, shall, during their existence, receive the succeeding
volumes, the distribution of which shall be made by the
Superintendent of Documents in accordance with lists
of designations transmitted to him by the Archivist. A
new designation may be made to the Archivist by the
Governor only when a designated association, commis -
sion, museum, or library shall cease to exist, or when
authorized by law.
§ 146. AUTHORIZATION OF
APPROPRIATIONS
For the purposes of this chapter, there are authorized to
be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not
otherwise appropriated, sums of not more than $50,000
for any one fiscal year.
[Page 15]
6 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 7	INSPECTOR GENERAL ACT of 1978
(5 U.S.C. App. 3)
§ 8G. REQUIREMENTS FOR FEDERAL


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

ENTITIES AND DESIGNATED FEDERAL
ENTITIES
(a) * * *
(1) the term “Federal entity” means any Government
corporation (within the meaning of section 103(1) of title
5, United States Code), any Government controlled cor -
poration (within the meaning of section 103(2) of such
title), or any other entity in the Executive branch of the
Government, or any independent regulatory agency, but
does not include—
(A) an establishment (as defined under section 12(2)
of this Act) or part of an establishment;
(B) a designated Federal entity (as defined under
paragraph (2) of this subsection) or part of a des -
ignated Federal entity;
(C) the Executive Office of the President;
(D) the Central Intelligence Agency;
(E) the Government Accountability Office; or
(F) any entity in the judicial or legislative branches
of the Government, including the Administrative
Office of the United States Courts and the Archi -
tect of the Capitol and any activities under the
direction of the Architect of the Capitol;


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Breach of Contract | Sample Type: general_reasoning
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(2) the term “designated Federal entity” means. . . the
National Archives and Records Administration . . .
* * *
(b) No later than 180 days after the date of the enact -
ment of this section [Oct. 18, 1988], there shall be estab -
lished and maintained in each designated Federal entity
an Office of Inspector General. The head of the designat -
ed Federal entity shall transfer to such office the offices,
units, or other components, and the functions, powers,
or duties thereof, that such head determines are properly
related to the functions of the Office of Inspector General
and would, if so transferred, further the purposes of this
section. There shall not be transferred to such office any
program operating responsibilities(c) Except as provided under subsection (f) of this
section, the Inspector General shall be appointed by
the head of the designated Federal entity in accordance
with the applicable laws and regulations governing ap -
pointments within the designated Federal entity. Each


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

Inspector General shall be appointed without regard to
political affiliation and solely on the basis of integrity
and demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, finan -
cial analysis, law, management analysis, public adminis -
tration, or investigations. For purposes of implementing
this section, the Chairman of the Board of Governors
of the Federal Reserve System shall appoint the Inspec -
tor General of the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System and the Bureau of Consumer Financial
Protection. The Inspector General of the Board of Gov -
ernors of the Federal Reserve System and the Bureau of
Consumer Financial Protection shall have all of the au -
thorities and responsibilities provided by this Act with
respect to the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection,
as if the Bureau were part of the Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System.
(d)(1) Each Inspector General shall report to and be
under the general supervision of the head of the desig -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Wrongful Dismissal | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

nated Federal entity, but shall not report to, or be subject
to supervision by, any other officer or employee of such
designated Federal entity. Except as provided in paragraph
(2), the head of the designated Federal entity shall not
prevent or prohibit the Inspector General from initiating,
carrying out, or completing any audit or investigation, or
from issuing any subpena during the course of any audit
or investigation.
(2)(A) The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with
the Director of National Intelligence, may prohibit the
inspector general of an element of the intelligence com -
munity specified in subparagraph (D) from initiating,
carrying out, or completing any audit or investigation if
the Secretary determines that the prohibition is necessary
to protect vital national security interests of the United
States.
(B) If the Secretary exercises the authority under
subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall submit to
[Page 16]


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 7	the committees of Congress specified in subpara -
graph (E) an appropriately classified statement
of the reasons for the exercise of such authority
not later than 7 days after the exercise of such
authority.
(C) At the same time the Secretary submits under
subparagraph (B) a statement on the exercise of
the authority in subparagraph (A) to the commit -
tees of Congress specified in subparagraph (E),
the Secretary shall notify the inspector general of
such element of the submittal of such statement
and, to the extent consistent with the protection
of intelligence sources and methods, provide such
inspector general with a copy of such statement.
Such inspector general may submit to such com -
mittees of Congress any comments on a notice or
statement received by the inspector general under
this subparagraph that the inspector general con -
siders appropriate.
(D) The elements of the intelligence community
specified in this subparagraph are as follows:


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Tort Law - Occupiers Liability | Sample Type: practical_application
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(i) The Defense Intelligence Agency.
(ii) The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.
(iii) The National Reconnaissance Office.(iv) The National Security Agency.
(E) The committees of Congress specified in this sub -
paragraph are—
(i) the Committee on Armed Services and the Select
Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(ii) the Committee on Armed Services and the Per -
manent Select Committee on Intelligence of the
House of Representatives.
(e)(1) In the case of a designated Federal entity for
which a board or commission is the head of the
designated Federal entity, a removal under this
subsection may only be made upon the written
concurrence of a ⅔ majority of the board or com -
mission.
(2) If an Inspector General is removed from office or is
transferred to another position or location within a des -
ignated Federal entity, the head of the designated Federal
entity shall communicate in writing the reasons for any
such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Criminal Law - Offenses | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

later than 30 days before the removal or transfer. Nothing
in this subsection shall prohibit a personnel action oth -
erwise authorized by law, other than transfer or removal.
* * *
CONCEALMENT , REMOVAL,
or MUTILATION of RECORDS
(18 U.S.C. § 2071)
(a) Whoever willfully and unlawfully conceals, removes,
mutilates, obliterates, or destroys, or attempts to do so,
or, with intent to do so takes and carries away any record,
proceeding, map, book, paper, document, or other thing,
filed or deposited with any clerk or officer of any court of the
United States, or in any public office, or with any judicial
or public officer of the United States, shall be fined under
this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.
(b) Whoever, having the custody of any such record, proceeding, map, book, document, paper, or other
thing, willfully and unlawfully conceals, removes,
mutilates, obliterates, falsifies, or destroys the same,
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

than three years, or both; and shall forfeit his office
and be disqualified from holding any office under the
United States. As used in this subsection, the term
“office” does not include the office held by any person
as a retired officer of the Armed Forces of the United
States.
[Page 17]
8 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 9	DISSEMINATION of INFORMATION
WITHIN the UNITED STATES
(22 U.S.C. § 1461-1a)
§ 1461-1A
(a) In general
No funds authorized to be appropriated to the
Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of
Governors shall be used to influence public opinion in the
United States. This section shall apply only to programs
carried out pursuant to the United States Information
and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431
et seq.), the United States International Broadcasting Act
of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6201 et seq.), the Radio Broadcasting
to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465 et seq.), and the Television
Broadcasting to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465aa et seq.).


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

This section shall not prohibit or delay the Department
of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from
providing information about its operations, policies,
programs, or program material, or making such available,
to the media, public, or Congress, in accordance with
other applicable law.
(b) Rule of construction
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of
Governors from engaging in any medium or form of
communication, either directly or indirectly, because a
United States domestic audience is or may be thereby
exposed to program material, or based on a presumption
of such exposure. Such material may be made available
within the United States and disseminated, when
appropriate, pursuant to sections 1462 and 1437 of this
title except that nothing in this section may be construed
to authorize the Department of State or the Broadcasting
Board of Governors to disseminate within the United


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: client_interaction
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

States any program material prepared for dissemination
abroad on or before the effective date of section 1078 of
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2013.
(c) Application
The provisions of this section shall apply only to the
Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of
Governors and to no other department or agency of the
Federal Government.
FOREIGN RELATIONS of the
UNITED STATES HISTORICAL SERIES
(22 U.S.C. § 4352)
§ 4352. RESPONSIBILITY FOR PREPARATION
OF FRUS SERIES
(a) In general
(1)(A) The Historian of the Department of State shall
be responsible for the preparation of the FRUS series,
including the selection of records, in accordance with the
provisions of this chapter.(B) The Advisory Committee on Historical Diplomatic
Documentation shall review records, and shall
advise and make recommendations to the Historian
concerning all aspects of preparation and publication
of the FRUS series, including, in accordance with the
procedures contained in section 4353 of this title, the


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

review and selection of records for inclusion in volumes
of the series.
[Page 18]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 9	 (2) Other departments, agencies, and other entities of
the United States Government shall cooperate with the
Office of the Historian by providing full and complete
access to the records pertinent to United States foreign
policy decisions and actions and by providing copies
of selected records in accordance with the procedures
developed under section 4353 of this title, except that
no access to any record, and no provision of any copy
of a record, shall be required in the case of any record
that was prepared less than 26 years before the date of
a request for such access or copy made by the Office of
the Historian.(b) National Archives and Records Administration
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter,
the requirement for the National Archives and Records
Administration to provide access to, and copies of,
records to the Department of State for the FRUS series


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

shall be governed by chapter 21 of Title 44, by any
agreement concluded between the Department of State
and the National Archives and Records Administration,
and, in the case of Presidential records, by section 2204
of such title.
CUSTODY of RECORDS;
OKLAHOMA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
(25 U.S.C. § 199a)
§ 199 a. CUSTODY OF RECORDS; OKLAHOMA
HISTORICAL SOCIETY
Title to records of Indian tribes heretofore placed with the
Oklahoma Historical Society of the State of Oklahoma
by the Secretary of the Interior shall remain vested in
the United States and such records shall be held by the
said society under rules and regulations prescribed by the
Archivist of the United States: Provided, That copies of
any such records, documents, books, or papers held by
the said society when certified by the secretary or chief
clerk thereof under its seal, or by the officer or person
acting as secretary or chief clerk, shall be evidence equally with the original, and in making such certified copies the


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: conversational
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

said secretary or acting secretary and the said chief clerk
or acting chief clerk shall be acting as a Federal agent,
and such certified copies shall have the same force and
effect as if made by the Archivist of the United States as
provided in section 2112(b) of Title 44: Provided further,
That whenever such certified copies are desired for official
use by the Federal Government they shall be furnished
without cost: Provided further, That any such records
held by the said society shall be promptly returned to the
government official designated by the Archivist of the
United States upon his request therefor.
INTERNAL REVENUE CODE
(26 U.S.C. § 6103)
§ 6103 CONFIDENTIALITY AND DISCLOSURE
OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION
***
(l)(17) Disclosure to National Archives and Records
Administration The Secretary shall, upon written request from the
Archivist of the United States, disclose or authorize the
disclosure of returns and return information to officers
and employees of the National Archives and Records


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

Administration for purposes of, and only to the extent
necessary in, the appraisal of records for destruction or
[Page 19]
10 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 11	retention. No such officer or employee shall, except to
the extent authorized by subsection (f), (i)(8), or (p),
disclose any return or return information disclosed
under the preceding sentence to any person other than
to the Secretary, or to another officer or employee of the National Archives and Records Administration whose
official duties require such disclosure for purposes of such
appraisal.
***
INDEPENDENT COUNSEL
(28 U.S.C. § 594)
The Independent Counsel Act expired in 1999, however, this section remains in effect per 28 U.S.C. ∆ 599.
§ 594. AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF AN
INDEPENDENT COUNSEL
* * *
(k) Custody of records of an independent counsel.
(1) T ransfer of records.
Upon termination of the office of an independent
counsel, that independent counsel shall transfer to


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Criminal Law - Defenses | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

the Archivist of the United States all records which
have been created or received by that office. Before this
transfer, the independent counsel shall clearly identify
which of these records are subject to rule 6(e) of the
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure as grand jury ma -
terials and which of these records have been classified
as national security information. Any records which
were compiled by an independent counsel and, upon
termination of the independent counsel’s office, were
stored with the division of the court or elsewhere be -
fore the enactment of the Independent Counsel Re -
authorization Act of 1987, shall also be transferred to
the Archivist of the United States by the division of
the court or the person in possession of such records.
(2) Maintenance, use, and disposal of records.
Records transferred to the Archivist under this chapter
shall be maintained, used, and disposed of in accor -
dance with chapters 21, 29, and 33 of title 44.
(3) Access to records.


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
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Topic: Criminal Law - Defenses | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(A) In general.Subject to paragraph (4), access to the records trans -
ferred to the Archivist under this chapter shall be gov -
erned by section 552 of title 5.
(B) Access by Department of Justice.
The Archivist shall, upon written application by the At -
torney General, disclose any such records to the Depart -
ment of Justice for purposes of an ongoing law enforce -
ment investigation or court proceeding, except that, in
the case of grand jury materials, such records shall be so
disclosed only by order of the court of jurisdiction under
rule 6(e) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.
(C) Exception.
Notwithstanding any restriction on access imposed by
law, the Archivist and persons employed by the Na -
tional Archives and Records Administration who are
engaged in the performance of normal archival work
shall be permitted access to the records transferred to
the Archivist under this chapter.
(4) Records provided by Congress.
Records of an investigation conducted by a committee


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Criminal Law - Defenses | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

of the House of Representatives or the Senate which
are provided to an independent counsel to assist in an
investigation or prosecution conducted by that inde -
pendent counsel—
(A) shall be maintained as a separate body of records
within the records of the independent counsel; and
(B) shall, after the records have been transferred to the
Archivist under this chapter, be made available, except
as provided in paragraph (3)(B) and (C), in accor -
[Page 24]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 15	publication in special or supplemental editions of the
Federal Register of complete codifications of the docu -
ments of each agency of the Government having general
applicability and legal effect, issued or promulgated by the
agency by publication in the Federal Register or by filing
with the Administrative Committee, and are relied upon
by the agency as authority for, or are invoked or used by
it in the discharge of, its activities or functions, and are in
effect as to facts arising on or after dates specified by the


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Company Law - Insolvency | Sample Type: general_reasoning
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

Administrative Committee.
(b) A codification published under subsection (a) of
this section shall be printed and bound in permanent
form and shall be designated as the “Code of Federal
Regulations.” The Administrative Committee shall regu -
late the binding of the printed codifications into separate
books with a view to practical usefulness and economical
manufacture. Each book shall contain an explanation of
its coverage and other aids to users that the Administra -
tive Committee may require. A general index to the entire
Code of Federal Regulations shall be separately printed
and bound.
(c) The Administrative Committee shall regulate the
supplementation and the collation and republication of
the printed codifications with a view to keeping the Code
of Federal Regulations as current as practicable. Each book shall be either supplemented or collated and repub -
lished at least once each calendar year.
(d) The Office of the Federal Register shall prepare and


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Company Law - Insolvency | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

publish the codifications, supplements, collations, and in -
dexes authorized by this section.
(e) The codified documents of the several agencies pub -
lished in the supplemental edition of the
Federal Register under this section, as amended by doc -
uments subsequently filed with the Office and published
in the daily issues of the Federal Register, shall be prima
facie evidence of the text of the documents and of the fact
that they are in effect on and after the date of publication.
(f) The Administrative Committee shall prescribe, with
the approval of the President, regulations for carrying out
this section.
(g) This section does not require codification of the
text of Presidential documents published and periodically
compiled in supplements to Title 3 of the Code of Federal
Regulations.
§ 1511. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
EXCLUDED FROM PROVISIONS OF CHAPTER
This chapter does not apply to treaties, conventions,
protocols, and other international agreements, or procla -
mations thereof by the President.


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Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

DISTRIBUTION and SALE of PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
(44 U.S.C. § 1714)
§ 1714. PUBLICATIONS FOR USE OF
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS
ADMINISTRATION
The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall
print and deliver to the National Archives and Records
Administration for use by the Archivist of the United
States, including use by the Presidential Library estab -
lished for the President during whose term the documents
were issued, which shall be chargeable to Congress three
copies each of the following publications:
House documents and public reports, bound;
Senate documents and public reports, bound;
Senate and House journals, bound;United States Code and Supplements, bound;
United States Statutes at Large, bound;
the United States Reports, bound;
all other documents bearing a congressional number, or
printed upon order of a committee in either House of
Congress, or of a department, independent agency or es -
tablishment, commission, or officer of the Government,


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: case_study
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

except confidential matter, blank forms, and circular let -
ters not of a public character; and public bills and resolu -
tions in Congress in each parliamentary stage.
The Superintendent of Documents shall furnish, with -
out cost, copies of publications available for free distri -
bution.
[Page 25]
16 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 17	NATIONAL ARCHIVES and RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
(44 U.S.C. Chapter 21)
Sec.
2101. Definitions.
2102. Establishment.
2103. Officers.
2104. Administrative provisions.
2105. Personnel and services.
2106. Reports to Congress.
2107. Acceptance of Records for historical preservation.
2107  note. President John F . Kennedy Assassination Re -
cords Collection Act.
2107  note. Establishment of National Database for Re -
cords of Servitude, Emancipation, and Post-Civil
War Reconstruction
2108. Responsibility for custody, use, and withdrawal of
records.
2108  note. Procedures to Prevent Unauthorized Remov -
al of Classified Records from National Archives.


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
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Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

2109. Preservation, arrangement, duplication, exhibition
of records.
2110. Servicing records.
2111. Material accepted for deposit.
2111  note. Presidential Recordings and Materials Pres -
ervation Act.
2112. Presidential archival depository.
2113. Depository for agreements between states.
2114. Preservation of motion-picture films, still pictures,
and sound recordings.
2115. Reports; correction of violations.
2116. Legal status of reproductions; official seal; fees for
copies and reproductions.
2117. Limitation on liability.
2118. Records of Congress.
2119. Cooperative agreements.
§ 2101. DEFINITIONS
As used in this chapter—
(1) “Presidential archival depository” means an institu -
tion operated by the United States to house and preserve
the papers and books of a President or former President of
the United States, together with other historical materials
belonging to a President or former President of the Unit -ed States, or related to his papers or to the events of his


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Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

official or personal life, and may include research facilities
and museum facilities in accordance with this chapter;
(2) “historical materials” including books, correspon -
dence, documents, papers, pamphlets, works of art, mod -
els, pictures, photographs, plats, maps, films, motion
pictures, sound recordings, and other objects or materials
having historical or commemorative value;
(3) “Archivist” means the Archivist of the United States
appointed under section 2103 of this title; and
(4) “Administration” means the National Archives and
Records Administration established under section 2102
of this title.
§ 2102. ESTABLISHMENT
There shall be an independent establishment in the ex -
ecutive branch of the Government to be known as the
National Archives and Records Administration. The Ad -
ministration shall be administered under the supervision
and direction of the Archivist.
T ransfer of Functions, Personnel, Assets, Liabilities, Con -
tracts, Property, Records, and Unexpended Balances, Etc.


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Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

44 U.S.C. § 2102 NOTES
Transfer of Functions. Section 103 of Pub. L. 98-497 pro -
vides that:
Sec. 103. (a) The National Archives and Records Ser -
vice of the General Services Administration is transferred
to the National Archives and Records Administration.
(b)(1) All functions which were assigned to the Admin -
istrator of General Services by section 6 of Executive Or -
der No. 10530 of May 11, 1954 (19 Fed. Reg. 2709 [set
out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President],
relating to documents and the Administrative Committee
of the Federal Register), and by Executive Order Num -
bered 11440 of December 11, 1968 (33 Fed. Reg. 18475
[set out as a note under section 2109 of this title]; relat -
ing to supplemental use of Federal exhibits and displays),
shall be exercised by the Archivist of the United States.
(2) All functions pertaining to the maintenance, oper -
ation, and protection of a Presidential archival deposito -
[Page 29]


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BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | Sec. 6. Grounds for postponement of public disclosure
of records
Disclosure of assassination records or particular informa -
tion in assassination records to the public may be post -
poned subject to the limitations of this Act if there is clear
and convincing evidence that—
(1) the threat to the military defense, intelligence opera -
tions, or conduct of foreign relations of the United States
posed by the public disclosure of the assassination record
is of such gravity that it outweighs the public interest, and
such public disclosure would reveal—
(A) an intelligence agent whose identity currently re -
quires protection;
(B) an intelligence source or method which is current -
ly utilized, or reasonably expected to be utilized, by the
United States Government and which has not been o -
cially disclosed, the disclosure of which would interfere
with the conduct of intelligence activities; or
(C) any other matter currently relating to the military de -


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fense, intelligence operations or conduct of foreign relations
of the United States, the disclosure of which would demon -
strably impair the national security of the United States;
(2) the public disclosure of the assassination record would
reveal the name or identity of a living person who pro -
vided condential information to the United States and
would pose a substantial risk of harm to that person;
(3) the public disclosure of the assassination record could
reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted in -
vasion of personal privacy, and that invasion of privacy is
so substantial that it outweighs the public interest;
(4) the public disclosure of the assassination record would
compromise the existence of an understanding of con -
dentiality currently requiring protection between a Gov -
ernment agent and a cooperating individual or a foreign
government, and public disclosure would be so harmful
that it outweighs the public interest; or


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(5) the public disclosure of the assassination record would
reveal a security or protective procedure currently utilized,
or reasonably expected to be utilized, by the Secret Service
or another Government agency responsible for protecting
Government ocials, and public disclosure would be so
harmful that it outweighs the public interest.
Sec. 7. Establishment and powers of the Assassination Re -
cords Review Board(a) Establishment.—ere is established as an indepen -
dent agency a board to be known as the Assassinations
[sic] Records Review Board.
(b) Appointment.—(1) e President, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint, without
regard to political aliation, 5 citizens to serve as mem -
bers of the Review Board to ensure and facilitate the re -
view, transmission to the Archivist, and public disclosure
of Government records related to the assassination of
President John F . Kennedy.
(2) e President shall make nominations to the Review


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Board not later than 90 calendar days after the date of
enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1992].
(3) If the Senate votes not to conrm a nomination to
the Review Board, the President shall make an additional
nomination not later than 30 days thereafter.
(4)(A) e President shall make nominations to the Re -
view Board after considering persons recommended by
the American Historical Association, the Organization of
American Historians, the Society of American Archivists,
and the American Bar Association.
(B) If an organization described in subparagraph (A)
does not recommend at least 2 nominees meeting the
qualications stated in paragraph (5) by the date that is
45 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26,
1992], the President shall consider for nomination the
persons recommended by the other organizations de -
scribed in subparagraph (A).
(C) e President may request an organization described
in subparagraph (A) to submit additional nominations.
(5) Persons nominated to the Review Board—


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(A) shall be impartial private citizens, none of whom
is presently employed by any branch of the Government,
and none of whom shall have had any previous involve -
ment with any ocial investigation or inquiry conducted
by a Federal, State, or local government, relating to the
assassination of President John F . Kennedy;
(B) shall be distinguished persons of high national
professional reputation in their respective elds who are
capable of exercising the independent and objective judg -
ment necessary to the fulllment of their role in ensuring
and facilitating the review, transmission to the public, and
public disclosure of records related to the assassination of
President John F . Kennedy and who possess an apprecia -
tion of the value of such material to the public, scholars,
and government; and
[Page 30]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 21	(A) the thirty-year period described in paragraph (1);
(B) any longer period established by the Archivist by
order; or


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(C) any shorter period agreed to by the originating
Federal agency.
44 U.S.C. § 2107 NOTE PRESIDENT JOHN F .
KENNEDY ASSASSINATION RECORDS COLLEC -
TION ACT
Sec. 1. Short Title
This Act may be cited as the ‘President John F . Kennedy
Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992’.
Sec. 2. Findings, declarations, and purposes
(a) Findings and declarations.—The Congress finds and
declares that—
(1) all Government records related to the assassination
of President John F . Kennedy should be preserved for his -
torical and governmental purposes;
(2) all Government records concerning the assassina -
tion of President John F . Kennedy should carry a pre -
sumption of immediate disclosure, and all records should
be eventually disclosed to enable the public to become
fully informed about the history surrounding the assas -
sination;
(3) legislation is necessary to create an enforceable, in -
dependent, and accountable process for the public disclo -
sure of such records;


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(4) legislation is necessary because congressional records
related to the assassination of President John F . Kennedy
would not otherwise be subject to public disclosure until
at least the year 2029;
(5) legislation is necessary because the Freedom of In -
formation Act, as implemented by the executive branch,
has prevented the timely public disclosure of records re -
lating to the assassination of President John F . Kennedy;
(6) legislation is necessary because Executive Order
No. 12356, entitled ‘National Security Information’ has
eliminated the declassification and downgrading sched -
ules relating to classified information across government
and has prevented the timely public disclosure of records
relating to the assassination of President John F . Kenne -
dy; and
(7) most of the records related to the assassination of
President John F . Kennedy are almost 30 years old, and only in the rarest cases is there any legitimate need for
continued protection of such records.


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(b) Purposes.—The purposes of this Act are—
(1) to provide for the creation of the President John F .
Kennedy Assassination Records Collection at the Nation -
al Archives and Records Administration; and
(2) to require the expeditious public transmission to the
Archivist and public disclosure of such records.
Sec. 3. Definitions
In this Act:
(1) ‘Archivist’ means the Archivist of the United States.
(2) ‘Assassination record’ means a record that is related to
the assassination of President John F . Kennedy, that was
created or made available for use by, obtained by, or oth -
erwise came into the possession of—
(A) the Commission to Investigate the Assassination of
President John F . Kennedy (the ‘Warren Commission’);
(B) the Commission on Central Intelligence Agen -
cy Activities Within the United States (the ‘Rockefeller
Commission’);
(C) the Senate Select Committee to Study Governmen -
tal Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (the
‘Church Committee’);


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(D) the Select Committee on Intelligence (the ‘Pike
Committee’) of the House of Representatives;
(E) the Select Committee on Assassinations (the ‘House
Assassinations Committee’) of the House of Representa -
tives;
(F) the Library of Congress;
(G) the National Archives and Records Administration;
(H) any Presidential library;
(I) any Executive agency;
(J) any independent agency;
(K) any other office of the Federal Government; and
(L) any State or local law enforcement office that pro -
vided support or assistance or performed work in connec -
tion with a Federal inquiry into the assassination of Pres -
ident John F . Kennedy, but does not include the autopsy
records donated by the Kennedy family to the National
Archives pursuant to a deed of gift regulating access to
those records, or copies and reproductions made from
such records.
(3) ‘Collection’ means the President John F . Kennedy As -
sassination Records Collection established under section 4.
[Page 32]


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BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 23	National Archives within 30 days after their transmission
to the National Archives.
(c) Fees for copying.—The Archivist shall—
(1) charge fees for copying assassination records; and
(2) grant waivers of such fees pursuant to the standards
established by section 552(a)(4) of title 5, United States
Code.
(d) Additional requirements.—(1) The Collection shall be
preserved, protected, archived, and made available to the
public at the National Archives using appropriations au -
thorized, specified, and restricted for use under the terms
of this Act.
(2) The National Archives, in consultation with the Infor -
mation Security Oversight Office, shall ensure the security
of the postponed assassination records in the Collection.
(e) Oversight.—The Committee on Government Opera -
tions of the House of Representatives and the Committee
on Governmental Affairs of the Senate shall have continu -
ing oversight jurisdiction with respect to the Collection.


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Sec. 5. Review, identification, transmission to the Nation -
al Archives, and public disclosure of assassination records
by government offices.
(a) In general.—(1) As soon as practicable after the date of
enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1992], each Government
office shall identify and organize its records relating to the
assassination of President John F . Kennedy and prepare
them for transmission to the Archivist for inclusion in the
Collection.
(2) No assassination record shall be destroyed, altered, or
mutilated in any way.
(3) No assassination record made available or disclosed to
the public prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct.
26, 1992] may be withheld, redacted, postponed for pub -
lic disclosure, or reclassified.
(4) No assassination record created by a person or entity
outside government (excluding names or identities consis -
tent with the requirements of section 6) shall be withheld,
redacted, postponed for public disclosure, or reclassified.


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(b) Custody of assassination records pending review.—
During the review by Government offices and pending
review activity by the Review Board, each Government
office shall retain custody of its assassination records for
purposes of preservation, security, and efficiency, unless—
(1) the Review Board requires the physical transfer of records for purposes of conducting an independent and
impartial review;
(2) transfer is necessary for an administrative hearing or
other Review Board function; or
(3) it is a third agency record described in subsection (c)
(2)(C).
(c) Review.—(1) Not later than 300 days after the date of
enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1992], each Government
office shall review, identify and organize each assassina -
tion record in its custody or possession for disclosure to
the public, review by the Review Board, and transmission
to the Archivist.
(2) In carrying out paragraph (1), a Government office shall—
(A) determine which of its records are assassination re -
cords;


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(B) determine which of its assassination records have
been officially disclosed or publicly available in a com -
plete and unredacted form;
(C)(i) determine which of its assassination records, or
particular information contained in such a record, was
created by a third agency or by another Government
office; and
(ii) transmit to a third agency or other Government
office those records, or particular information con -
tained in those records, or complete and accurate copies
thereof;
(D)(i) determine whether its assassination records or
particular information in assassination records are cov -
ered by the standards for postponement of public dis -
closure under this Act; and
(ii) specify on the identification aid required by sub -
section (d) the applicable postponement provision con -
tained in section 6;
(E) organize and make available to the Review Board all
assassination records identified under subparagraph (D)
the public disclosure of which in whole or in part may be
postponed under this Act;


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(F) organize and make available to the Review Board
any record concerning which the office has any uncer -
tainty as to whether the record is an assassination record
governed by this Act;
(G) give priority to—
(i) the identification, review, and transmission of all
assassination records publicly available or disclosed as
of the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1992] in
a redacted or edited form; and
[Page 36]
 | BASIC LAWS ��� AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS ��� AUTHORITIES  | (C) shall include at least 1 professional historian and 1
attorney.
(c) Security clearances.—(1) All Review Board nominees
shall be granted the necessary security clearances in an ac -
celerated manner subject to the standard procedures for
granting such clearances.
(2) All nominees shall qualify for the necessary security
clearance prior to being considered for confirmation by
the Committee on Governmental Aairs of the Senate.
(d) Confirmation hearings.—(1) e Committee on


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Governmental Aairs of the Senate shall hold confirma -
tion hearings within 30 days in which the Senate is in
session after the nomination of 3 Review Board members.
(2) e Committee on Governmental Aairs shall vote on
the nominations within 14 days in which the Senate is in
session after the confirmation hearings, and shall report
its results to the full Senate immediately.
(3) e Senate shall vote on each nominee to confirm or
reject within 14 days in which the Senate is in session after
reported by the Committee on Governmental Aairs.
(e) Vacancy.—A vacancy on the Review Board shall be
filled in the same manner as specified for original appoint -
ment within 30 days of the occurrence of the vacancy.
(f) Chairperson.—e Members of the Review Board
shall elect one of its members as chairperson at its initial
meeting.
(g) Removal of Review Board member.—(1) No member
of the Review Board shall be removed from oce, other
than—
(A) by impeachment and conviction; or


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(B) by the action of the President for ineciency, ne -
glect of duty, malfeasance in oce, physical disability,
mental incapacity, or any other condition that substan -
tially impairs the performance of the member’s duties.
(2)(A) If a member of the Review Board is removed from
oce, and that removal is by the President, not later than
10 days after the removal the President shall submit to
the Committee on Government Operations of the House
of Representatives and the Committee on Governmental
Aairs of the Senate a report specifying the facts found
and the grounds for the removal.
(B) e President shall publish in the Federal Register a
report submitted under paragraph (2)(A), except that the
President may, if necessary to protect the rights of a per -
son named in the report or to prevent undue interference
with any pending prosecution, postpone or refrain from publishing any or all of the report until the completion
of such pending cases or pursuant to privacy protection
requirements in law.


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(3)(A) A member of the Review Board removed from of -
fice may obtain judicial review of the removal in a civil
action commenced in the United States District Court for
the District of Columbia.
(B) e member may be reinstated or granted other ap -
propriate relief by order of the court.
(h) Compensation of members.—(1) A member of the
Review Board shall be compensated at a rate equal to the
daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed
for level IV of the
Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United
States Code, for each day (including travel time) during
which the member is engaged in the performance of the
duties of the Review Board.
(2) A member of the Review Board shall be allowed rea -
sonable travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of sub -
sistence, at rates for employees of agencies under subchap -
ter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while
away from the member’s home or regular place of business
in the performance of services for the Review Board.


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(i) Duties of the Review Board.—(1) e Review Board
shall consider and render decisions on a determination by
a Government oce to seek to postpone the disclosure of
assassination records.
(2) In carrying out paragraph (1), the Review Board shall
consider and render decisions—
(A) whether a record constitutes an assassination re -
cord; and
(B) whether an assassination record or particular infor -
mation in a record qualifies for postponement of disclo -
sure under this Act.
(j) Powers.—(1) e Review Board shall have the author -
ity to act in a manner prescribed under this Act including
authority to—
(A) direct Government oces to complete identifica -
tion aids and organize assassination records;
(B) direct Government oces to transmit to the Archi -
vist assassination records as required under this Act, in -
cluding segregable portions of assassination records, and
substitutes and summaries of assassination records that
can be publicly disclosed to the fullest extent;


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(C)(i) obtain access to assassination records that have
been identified and organized by a Government oce;
[Page 40]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 31	procedure to be followed in the Senate or the House of
Representatives, such provision is adopted—
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate
and House of Representatives, respectively, and is deemed
to be part of the rules of each House, respectively, but ap -
plicable only with respect to the procedure to be followed
in that House, and it supersedes other rules only to the
extent that it is inconsistent with such rules; and
(2) with full recognition of the constitutional right of either
House to change the rules (so far as they relate to the proce -
dure of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and to
the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that House.
Sec. 12. Termination of effect of Act
(a) Provisions pertaining to the Review Board.—The pro -
visions of this Act that pertain to the appointment and


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operation of the Review Board shall cease to be effective
when the Review Board and the terms of its members
have terminated pursuant to section 7(o).
(b) Other provisions.—The remaining provisions of this
Act shall continue in effect until such time as the Archivist
certifies to the President and the Congress that all assassi -
nation records have been made available to the public in
accordance with this Act.
Sec. 13. Authorization of appropriations
(a) In general.—There are authorized to be appropriated
to carry out the provisions of this Act $1,600,000 for fis -
cal year 1998.
(b) Interim funding.—Until such time as funds are ap -
propriated pursuant to subsection (a), the President may
use such sums as are available for discretionary use to car -
ry out this Act.
Sec. 14. Severability
If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to
any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder
of this Act and the application of that provision to other


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persons not similarly situated or to other circumstances
shall not be affected by the invalidation.”
[Any reference in any provision of law enacted before Jan.
4, 1995, to the Committee on Government Operations of the House of Representatives treated as referring to the
Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of
the House of Representatives, except that any reference
in any provision of law enacted before Jan. 4, 1995, to
the Committee on Government Operations of the House
of Representatives treated as referring to the Committee
on the Budget of the House of Representatives in the
case of a provision of law relating to the establishment,
extension, and enforcement of special controls over the
Federal budget, see section 1(a)(6) and (c)(2) of Pub. L.
104-14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2,
The Congress.]
(End of Note)
44 U.S.C. § 2107 NOTE.  ESTABLISHMENT OF
NATIONAL DATABASE FOR RECORDS OF
SERVITUDE, EMANCIPATION, AND POST-
CIVIL WAR RECONSTRUCTION.


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Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

National Database for Records of Servitude (Pub. L. 110-
404, § 7)
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Archivist of the United States
may preserve relevant records and establish, as part of the
National Archives and Records Administration, an elec -
tronically searchable national database consisting of his -
toric records of servitude, emancipation, and post-Civil
War reconstruction, including the Refugees, Freedman,
and Abandoned Land Records, Southern Claims Com -
mission Records, Records of the Freedmen’s Bank, Slave
Impressments Records, Slave Payroll Records, Slave Man -
ifest, and others, contained within the agencies and de -
partments of the Federal Government to assist African
Americans and others in conducting genealogical and
historical research.
(b) MAINTENANCE.—Any database established under
this section shall be maintained by the National Archives
and Records Administration or an entity within the Na -
tional Archives and Records Administration designated
by the Archivist of the United States.


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§ 2108. RESPONSIBILITY FOR CUSTODY, USE,
AND WITHDRAWAL OF RECORDS
(a) The Archivist shall be responsible for the custody,
use, and withdrawal of records transferred to him. When
records, the use of which is subject to statutory limitations
[Page 42]
 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | any rights, defenses, or privileges which the Federal Gov -
ernment or any person may invoke, for use in any judicial
proceeding or otherwise subject to court subpoena or oth -
er legal process. Any request by the Oce of Watergate
Special Prosecution Force, whether by court subpoena
or other lawful process, for access to such recordings or
materials shall at all times have priority over any other
request for such recordings or materials.
(c) Richard M. Nixon, or any person whom he may des -
ignate in writing, shall at all times have access to the tape
recordings and other materials referred to in section 101
for any purpose which is consistent with the provisions of


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Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

this title, subsequent and subject to the regulations which
the Archivist shall issue pursuant to section 103.
(d) Any agency or department in the executive branch of
the Federal Government shall at all times have access to the
tape recordings and other materials referred to in section
101 for lawful Government use, subject to the regulations
which the Archivist shall issue pursuant to section 103.
Regulations to Protect Certain Tape Recordings and Other
Materials
Sec. 103. The Archivist shall issue at the earliest possible
date such regulations as may be necessary to assure the
protection of the tape recordings and other materials
referred to in section 101 from loss or destruction,
and to prevent access to such recordings and materials
by unauthorized persons. The Archivist may transfer
such recordings and materials to a Presidential archival
depository in accordance with section 2112 of title 44,
United States Code.
Regulations Relating to Public Access


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Sec. 104. (a) e Archivist shall, within ninety days after
the date of enactment of this title [Dec.19, 1974] submit
to each House of the Congress a report proposing and
explaining regulations that would provide public access
to the tape recordings and other materials referred to in
section 101. Such regulations shall take into account the
following factors:
(1) the need to provide the public with the full truth,
at the earliest reasonable date, of the abuses of govern -
mental power popularly identified under the generic term
‘Watergate’;
(2) the need to make such recordings and materials
available for use in judicial proceedings;(3) the need to prevent general access, except in accor -
dance with appropriate procedures established for use in
judicial proceedings, to information relating to the Na -
tion’s security;
(4) the need to protect every individual’s right to a fair
and impartial trial;
(5) the need to protect any party’s opportunity to as -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

sert any legally or constitutionally based right or privilege
which would prevent or otherwise limit access to such re -
cordings and materials;
(6) the need to provide public access to those materials
which have general historical significance, and which are
not likely to be related to the need described in paragraph
(1); and
(7) the need to give to Richard M. Nixon, or his heirs,
for his sole custody and use, tape recordings and other
materials which are not likely to be related to the need de -
scribed in paragraph (1) and are not otherwise of general
historical significance.
(b) e regulations proposed by the Archivist in the
report required by subsection (a) shall not take eect un -
til the expiration of the first period of 60 calendar days
of continuous session of the Congress after the date of
the submission of such regulations to each House of the
Congress. For the purposes of this subsection, continuity
of session is broken only by an adjournment of Congress


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Rights | Sample Type: general_reasoning
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

sine die, but the days on which either House is not in ses -
sion because of an adjournment of more than three days
to a day certain are excluded.
(c) e provisions of this title shall not apply, on and af -
ter the date upon which regulations proposed by the Ad -
ministrator take eect under subsection (b), to any tape
recordings or other materials given to Richard M. Nixon,
or his heirs, pursuant to subsection (a)(7).
(d) e provisions of this title shall not in any way af -
fect the rights, limitations or exemptions applicable under
the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552 et seq.
Judicial Review
Sec. 105. (a) The United States District Court for the
District of Columbia shall have exclusive jurisdiction to
hear challenges to the legal or constitutional validity of
this title or of any regulation issued under the authority
granted by this title, and any action or proceeding
involving the question of title, ownership, custody,
possession, or control of any tape recording or material
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