# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 35	referred to in section 101 or involving payment of any
just compensation which may be due in connection
therewith. Any such challenge shall be treated by the
court as a matter requiring immediate consideration and
resolution, and such challenge shall have priority on the
docket of such court over other cases.
(b) If, under the procedures established by subsection
(a), a judicial decision is rendered that a particular pro -
vision of this title, or a particular regulation issued under
the authority granted by this title, is unconstitutional or
otherwise invalid, such decision shall not affect in any way
the validity or enforcement of any other provision of this
title or any regulation issued under the authority granted
by this title.
(c) If a final decision of such court holds that any pro -
vision of this title has deprived an individual of private
property without just compensation, then there shall be
paid out of the general fund of the T reasury of the United


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

States such amount or amounts as may be adjudged just
by that Court.
Authorization of Appropriations
Sec. 106. There is authorized to be appropriated such
sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of
this title.
[ Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title V, §543(b), Jan. 23, 2004,
118 Stat. 346 , provided that: “Nothing in section 103
of the Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation
Act (Public Law 93–526; 44 U.S.C. 2111 note), as
amended by subsection (a), may be construed as affecting
public access to the recordings and materials referred to
in that section as provided in regulations promulgated
pursuant to section 104 of such Act.]
(End of Note)
§ 2112. PRESIDENTIAL ARCHIVAL
DEPOSITORY
(a)(1) When the Archivist considers it to be in the public
interest, the Archivist may—
(A)(i) accept, for and in the name of the United States,
land, a facility, and equipment offered as a gift to the
United States for the purpose of creating a Presidential


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

archival depository;(ii) take title to the land, facility, and equipment on
behalf of the United States; and
(iii) maintain, operate, and protect the land, facility,
and equipment as a Presidential archival depository and
as part of the national archives system;
(B)(i) make agreements, upon terms and conditions the
Archivist considers proper, with a State, political subdivi -
sion, university, institution of higher learning, institute,
or foundation to use as a Presidential archival depository
land, a facility, and equipment of the State, subdivision,
university, or other organization, to be made available by
it without transfer of title to the United States; and
(ii) maintain, operate, and protect the depository as a
part of the national archives system; and
(C) accept, for and in the name of the United States,
gifts offered for the purpose of making any physical or
material change or addition to a Presidential archival de -
pository.
(2) The Archivist shall promulgate architectural and


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

design standards applicable to Presidential archival de -
positories in order to ensure that such depositories (A)
preserve Presidential records subject to chapter 22 of this
title and papers and other historical materials accepted for
deposit under section 2111 of this title and (B) contain
adequate research facilities.
(3) Prior to accepting and taking title to any land, fa -
cility, or equipment under subparagraph (A) of paragraph
(1), or prior to entering into any agreement under sub -
paragraph (B) of such paragraph or any other agreement
to accept or establish a Presidential archival depository,
the Archivist shall submit a written report on the pro -
posed Presidential archival depository to the President of
the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representa -
tives. The report shall include—
(A) a description of the land, facility, and equipment of -
fered as a gift or to be made available without transfer of title;
(B) a statement specifying the estimated total cost of


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

the proposed depository and the amount of the endow -
ment for the depository required pursuant to subsection
(g) of this section;
(C) a statement of the terms of the proposed agree -
ment, if any;
(D) a general description of the types of papers, docu -
ments, or other historical materials proposed to be depos -
ited in the depository to be created, and of the terms of
the proposed deposit;
[Page 45]
36 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 37	(E) a statement of any additional improvements and
equipment associated with the development and opera -
tion of the depository, an estimate of the costs of such
improvements and equipment, and a statement as to the
extent to which such costs will be incurred by any Federal
or State government agency;
(F) an estimate of the total annual cost to the United
States of maintaining, operating, and protecting the de -
pository; and
(G) a certification that such facility and equipment
(whether offered as a gift or made available without


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: general_reasoning
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

transfer of title) comply with standards promulgated
by the Archivist pursuant to paragraph (2) of this sub -
section.
(4) Prior to accepting any gift under subparagraph (C)
of paragraph (1) for the purpose of making any physical
or material change or addition to a Presidential archival
depository, or prior to implementing any provision of law
requiring the making of such a change or addition, the
Archivist shall submit a report in writing on the proposed
change or addition to the President of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives. The report shall
include—
(A) a description of such gift;
(B) a statement specifying the estimated total cost of
the proposed physical or material change or addition and
the amount of the deposit in an endowment for the de -
pository required pursuant to subsection (g) of this sec -
tion in order to meet the cost of such change or addition;
(C) a statement of the purpose of the proposed change
or addition and a general description of any papers, doc -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: legal_news_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

uments, or historical materials proposed to be deposited
in the depository as a result of such change or addition;
(D) a statement of any additional improvements or
equipment for the depository associated with such change
or addition;
(E) an estimate of the increase in the total annual cost
to the United States of maintaining, operating, and pro -
tecting the depository that will result from such change
or addition; and
(F) a certification that the depository, and the equip -
ment therein will, after such change or addition, comply
with the standards promulgated by the Archivist pursuant
to paragraph (2) of this subsection.
(5) The Archivist may not—
(A) accept or take title to land, a facility, or equipment under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) for the purpose
of creating a Presidential archival depository;
(B) enter into any agreement under subparagraph (B)
of such paragraph or any other agreement to accept or
establish a Presidential archival depository; or


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(C) accept any gift under subparagraph (C) of such
paragraph for the purpose of making any physical or ma -
terial change to a Presidential archival depository, until
the expiration of a period of 60 days of continuous session
of Congress beginning on the date on which the Archi -
vist transmits the report required under paragraph (3) of
this subsection with respect to such Presidential archival
depository or the report required under paragraph (4) of
this subsection with respect to such change or addition, as
the case may be.
(b) When the Archivist considers it to be in the public
interest, he may deposit in a Presidential archival depos -
itory papers, documents, or other historical materials ac -
cepted under section 2111 of this title, or Federal records
appropriate for preservation.
(c) When the Archivist considers it to be in the public
interest, he may exercise, with respect to papers, docu -
ments, or other historical materials deposited under this


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: procedural_guide
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

section, or otherwise, in a Presidential archival depository,
all the functions and responsibilities otherwise vested in
him pertaining to Federal records or other documentary
materials in his custody or under his control. The Archi -
vist, in negotiating for the deposit of Presidential histori -
cal materials, shall take steps to secure to the Government,
as far as possible, the right to have continuous and perma -
nent possession of the materials. Papers, documents, or
other historical materials accepted and deposited under
section 2111 of this title and this section are subject to
restrictions as to their availability and use stated in writing
by the donors or depositors, including the restriction that
they shall be kept in a Presidential archival depository.
The restrictions shall be respected for the period stated, or
until revoked or terminated by the donors or depositors
or by persons legally qualified to act on their behalf. Sub -
ject to the restrictions, the Archivist may dispose by sale,


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

exchange, or otherwise, of papers, documents, or other
materials which the Archivist determines to have no per -
manent value or historical interest or to be surplus to the
needs of a Presidential archival depository. Only the first
two sentences of this subsection shall apply to Presidential
records as defined in section 2201(2) of this title.
[Page 46]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 37	(d) When the Archivist considers it to be in the pub -
lic interest, he may cooperate with and assist a university,
institution of higher learning, institute, foundation, or
other organization or qualified individual to further or to
conduct study or research in historical materials deposited
in a Presidential archival depository.
(e) When the Archivist considers it to be in the public
interest, he may charge and collect reasonable fees for the
privilege of visiting and viewing exhibit rooms or muse -
um space, or for the occasional, non-official use of rooms
and spaces (and services related to such use), in a Presi -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

dential archival depository.
(f) When the Archivist considers it to be in the pub -
lic interest, he may provide reasonable office space in a
Presidential archival depository for the personal use of a
former President of the United States.
(g)(1) When the Archivist considers it to be in the pub -
lic interest, the Archivist may solicit and accept gifts or
bequests of money or other property for the purpose of
maintaining, operating, protecting, or improving a Pres -
idential archival depository. The proceeds of gifts or be -
quests, together with the proceeds from fees or from sales
of historical materials, copies or reproductions, catalogs,
or other items, having to do with a Presidential archival
depository, shall be paid into an account in the Nation -
al Archives T rust Fund and shall be held, administered,
and expended for the benefit and in the interest of the
Presidential archival depository in connection with which
they were received, and for the same purposes and objects,


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: legal_news_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

including custodial and administrative services for which
appropriations for the maintenance, operation, protec -
tion, or improvement of Presidential archival depositories
might be expended.
(2) The Archivist shall provide for the establishment in
such T rust Fund of separate endowments for the mainte -
nance of the land, facility, and equipment of each Presi -
dential archival depository, to which shall be credited any
gifts or bequests received under paragraph (1) that are of -
fered for that purpose. Income to each such endowment
shall be available to cover the cost of facility operations,
but shall not be available for the performance of archival
functions under this title.
(3) The Archivist shall not accept or take title to any
land, facility, or equipment under subparagraph (A) of
subsection (a)(1), or enter into any agreement to use any
land, facility, or equipment under subparagraph (B) of such subsection for the purpose of creating a Presiden -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

tial archival depository, unless the Archivist determines
that there is available, by gift or bequest for deposit under
paragraph (2) of this subsection in an endowment with
respect to such depository, an amount for the purpose of
maintaining such land, facility, and equipment equal to—
(A) the product of—
(i) the total cost of acquiring or constructing such fa -
cility and of acquiring and installing such equipment,
multiplied by
(ii) 20 percent; plus
(B)(i) if title to the land is to be vested in the United
States, the product of—
(I) the total cost of acquiring the land upon which
such facility is located, or such other measure of the
value of such land as is mutually agreed upon by the
Archivist and the donor, multiplied by
(II) 20 percent; or
(ii) if title to the land is not to be vested in the United
States, the product of—
(I) the total cost to the donor of any improvements
to the land upon which such facility is located (other
than such facility and equipment), multiplied by
(II) 20 percent; plus


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(C) if the Presidential archival depository will exceed
70,000 square feet in area, an amount equal to the prod -
uct of—
(i) the sum of—
(I) the total cost described in clause (i) of subpara -
graph (A); plus
(II) the total cost described in subclause (I) or (II) of
subparagraph (B)(i), as the case may be, multiplied by
(ii) the percentage obtained by dividing the number of
square feet by which such depository will exceed 70,000
square feet by 70,000.
(4) If a proposed physical or material change or addi -
tion to a Presidential archival depository would result in
an increase in the costs of facility operations, the Archi -
vist may not accept any gift under subparagraph (C) of
paragraph (1) for the purpose of making such a change
or addition, or may not implement any provision of law
requiring the making of such a change or addition, unless
the Archivist determines that there is available, by gift or
bequest for deposit under paragraph (2) of this subsec -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

tion in an endowment with respect to such depository, an
amount for the purpose of maintaining the land, facility,
[Page 47]
38 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 39	and equipment of such depository equal to the difference
between—
(A) the amount which, pursuant to paragraph (3) of
this subsection, would have been required to have been
available for deposit in such endowment with respect to
such depository if such change or addition had been in -
cluded in such depository on—
(i) the date on which the Archivist took title to the
land, facility, and equipment for such depository under
subparagraph (A) of subsection (a)(1); or
(ii) the date on which the Archivist entered into an
agreement for the creation of such depository under
subparagraph (B) of such paragraph, as the case may
be; minus
(B) the amount which, pursuant to paragraph (3) of
this subsection, was required to be available for deposit
in such endowment with respect to such depository on


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

the date the Archivist took such title or entered into such
agreement, as the case may be.
(5)(A) Notwithstanding paragraphs (3) and (4) (to
the extent that such paragraphs are inconsistent with
this paragraph), this subsection shall be administered
in accordance with this paragraph with respect to any
Presidential archival depository created as a depository for
the papers, documents, and other historical materials and
Presidential records pertaining to any President who takes
the oath of office as President for the first time on or after
July 1, 2002.
(B) For purposes of subparagraphs (A)(ii), (B)(i)(II), and (B)
(ii)(II) of paragraph (3) the percentage of 60 percent shall
apply instead of 20 percent. (C)(i) In this subparagraph,
the term ‘base endowment amount’ means the amount of
the endowment required under paragraph (3).
(ii)(I) The Archivist may give credits against the base
endowment amount if the Archivist determines that
the proposed Presidential archival depository will have


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

construction features or equipment that are expected to
result in quantifiable long-term savings to the Government
with respect to the cost of facility operations.
(II) The features and equipment described under subclause
(I) shall comply with the standards promulgated by the
Archivist under subsection (a)(2).
(III) The Archivist shall promulgate standards to be used
in calculating the dollar amount of any credit to be given,
and shall consult with all donors of the endowment before
giving any credits. The total dollar amount of credits given under this paragraph may not exceed 20 percent of
the base endowment amount.
(D)(i) In calculating the additional endowment amount
required under paragraph (4), the Archivist shall take
into account credits given under subparagraph (C), and
may also give credits against the additional endowment
amount required under paragraph (4), if the Archivist
determines that construction features or equipment used
in making or equipping the physical or material change


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Separation of Powers | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

or addition are expected to result in quantifiable long-
term savings to the Government with respect to the cost
of facility operations.
(ii) The features and equipment described under clause
(i) shall comply with the standards promulgated by the
Archivist under subsection (a)(2).
(iii) The Archivist shall promulgate standards to be used in
calculating the dollar amount of any credit to be given, and
shall consult with all donors of the endowment before giving
any credits. The total dollar amount of credits given under
this paragraph may not exceed 20 percent of the additional
endowment amount required under paragraph (4).
§ 2113. DEPOSITORY FOR AGREEMENTS
BETWEEN STATES
The Archivist may receive duplicate originals or
authenticated copies of agreements or compacts entered
into under the Constitution and laws of the United
States, between States of the Union, and take necessary
actions for their preservation and servicing.
§ 2114.  PRESERVATION OF AUDIO AND
VISUAL RECORDS


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

The Archivist may make and preserve audio and visual
records, including motion-picture films, still photographs,
and sound recordings, in analog, digital, or any other form,
pertaining to and illustrative of the historical development
of the United States Government and its activities, and
provide for preparing, editing, titling, scoring, processing,
duplicating, reproducing, exhibiting, and releasing for
non-profit educational purposes, motion-picture films,
still photographs, and sound recordings in the Archivist’s
custody .
§ 2115. REPORTS; CORRECTION OF
VIOLATIONS
(a) In carrying out the duties and responsibilities under
[Page 53]
44 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 45	that has not previously been made available to the public,
the Archivist shall—
(A) promptly provide notice of such determination to—
(i) the former President during whose term of office the
record was created; and
(ii) the incumbent President; and
(B) make the notice available to the public.


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
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Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

(2) The notice under paragraph (1)—
(A) shall be in writing; and
(B) shall include such information as may be prescribed
in regulations issued by the Archivist.
(3)(A) Upon the expiration of the 60-day period (ex -
cepting Saturdays, Sundays, and legal public holidays)
beginning on the date the Archivist provides notice under
paragraph (1)(A), the Archivist shall make available to the
public the Presidential record covered by the notice, ex -
cept any record (or reasonably segregable part of a record)
with respect to which the Archivist receives from a former
President or the incumbent President notification of a
claim of constitutionally based privilege against disclosure
under subsection (b).
(B) A former President or the incumbent President
may extend the period under subparagraph (A) once for
not more than 30 additional days (excepting Saturdays,
Sundays, and legal public holidays) by filing with the Ar -
chivist a statement that such an extension is necessary to


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Rights | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

allow an adequate review of the record.
(C) Notwithstanding subparagraphs (A) and (B), if the
60-day period under subparagraph (A), or any extension
of that period under subparagraph (B), would other -
wise expire during the 6-month period after the incum -
bent President first takes office, then that 60-day period
or extension, respectively, shall expire at the end of that
6-month period.
(b)(1) For purposes of this section, the decision to as -
sert any claim of constitutionally based privilege against
disclosure of a Presidential record (or reasonably segrega -
ble part of a record) must be made personally by a former
President or the incumbent President, as applicable.
(2) A former President or the incumbent President shall
notify the Archivist, the Committee on Oversight and
Government Reform of the House of Representatives,
and the Committee on Homeland Security and Govern -
mental Affairs of the Senate of a privilege claim under
paragraph (1) on the same day that the claim is asserted


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Separation of Powers | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

under such paragraph.(c)(1) If a claim of constitutionally based privilege
against disclosure of a Presidential record (or reasonably
segregable part of a record) is asserted under subsection
(b) by a former President, the Archivist shall consult with
the incumbent President, as soon as practicable during
the period specified in paragraph (2)(A), to determine
whether the incumbent President will uphold the claim
asserted by the former President.
(2)(A) Not later than the end of the 30-day period be -
ginning on the date on which the Archivist receives noti -
fication from a former President of the assertion of a claim
of constitutionally based privilege against disclosure, the
Archivist shall provide notice to the former President and
the public of the decision of the incumbent President un -
der paragraph (1) regarding the claim.
(B) If the incumbent President upholds the claim of
privilege asserted by the former President, the Archivist
shall not make the Presidential record (or reasonably


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

segregable part of a record) subject to the claim publicly
available unless—
(i) the incumbent President withdraws the decision
upholding the claim of privilege asserted by the former
President; or
(ii) the Archivist is otherwise directed by a final court
order that is not subject to appeal.
(C) If the incumbent President determines not to up -
hold the claim of privilege asserted by the former Presi -
dent, or fails to make the determination under paragraph
(1) before the end of the period specified in subparagraph
(A), the Archivist shall release the Presidential record sub -
ject to the claim at the end of the 90-day period beginning
on the date on which the Archivist received notification
of the claim, unless otherwise directed by a court order in
an action initiated by the former President under section
2204(e) of this title or by a court order in another action
in any Federal court.
(d) The Archivist shall not make publicly available a
Presidential record (or reasonably segregable part of a re -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: general_reasoning
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

cord) that is subject to a privilege claim asserted by the
incumbent President unless—
(1) the incumbent President withdraws the privilege
claim; or
(2) the Archivist is otherwise directed by a final court
order that is not subject to appeal.
(e) The Archivist shall adjust any otherwise applicable
time period under this section as necessary to comply
[Page 54]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 45	with the return date of any congressional subpoena, judi -
cial subpoena, or judicial process.
§ 2209.  DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENT FOR
OFFICIAL BUSINESS CONDUCTED USING
NON-OFFICIAL ELECTRONIC MESSAGING
ACCOUNTS
(a) In general.—The President, the Vice President, or a
covered employee may not create or send a Presidential
or Vice Presidential record using a non-official electronic
message account unless the President, Vice President, or
covered employee—
(1) copies an official electronic messaging account of
the President, Vice President, or covered employee in
the original creation or transmission of the Presidential


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

record or Vice Presidential record; or
(2) forwards a complete copy of the Presidential or Vice
Presidential record to an official electronic messaging
account of the President, Vice President, or covered
employee not later than 20 days after the original
creation or transmission of the Presidential or Vice
Presidential record.
(b) Adverse actions.—The intentional violation of subsection (a) by a covered employee (including any
rules, regulations, or other implementing guidelines), as
determined by the appropriate supervisor, shall be a basis
for disciplinary action in accordance with subchapter I, II,
or V of chapter 75 of title 5, as the case may be.
(c) Definitions.—In this section:
(1) Covered employee.—The term “covered employee”
means—
(A) the immediate staff of the President;
(B) the immediate staff of the Vice President;
(C) a unit or individual of the Executive Office of the
President whose function is to advise and assist the
President; and
(D) a unit or individual of the Office of the Vice


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

President whose function is to advise and assist the Vice
President.
(2) Electronic messages.—The term “electronic messag -
es” means electronic mail and other electronic messaging
systems that are used for purposes of communicating be -
tween individuals.
(3) Electronic messaging account.—The term “elec -
tronic messaging account” means any account that sends
electronic messages.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES TRUST FUND BOARD
(44 U.S.C. Chapter 23)
Sec.
2301. Establishment of Board; membership.
2302. Authority of the Board; seal; services; bylaws; rules;
regulations; employees.
2303. Powers and obligations of Board; liability of mem -
bers.
2304. Compensation of members; availability of trust
funds for expenses of Board.
2305. Acceptance of gifts.
2306. Investment of funds.
2307. T rust Fund account; disbursements; sales of publi -
cations and releases.
2308. Tax exemption for gifts.
§ 2301. ESTABLISHMENT OF BOARD;
MEMBERSHIPThe National Archives Trust Fund Board shall consist


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: procedural_guide
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

of the Archivist of the United States, as Chairman, and
the Secretary of the Treasury and the Chairman of the
National Endowment for the Humanities. Membership
on the Board is not an office within the meaning of the
statutes of the United States.
§ 2302. AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD; SEAL;
SERVICES; BYLAWS; RULES; REGULATIONS;
EMPLOYEES
In carrying out the purposes of this chapter, the Board—
(1) may adopt an official seal, which shall be judicially
noticed;
(2) may utilize on a reimbursable basis the services and
personnel of the National Archives and Records Adminis -
tration necessary (as determined by the Archivist) to assist
[Page 55]
46 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 47	the Board in the administration of the trust fund, and
in the preparation and publication of special works and
collections of sources and preparation, duplication, edit -
ing, and release of historical photographic materials and
sound recordings, and may utilize on a reimbursable basis


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

the services and personnel of other Federal agencies for
such purposes;
(3) may adopt bylaws, rules, and regulations necessary
for the administration of its functions under this chapter;
and
(4) may, subject to the laws and regulations govern -
ing appointments in the civil service, appoint and fix the
compensation of such personnel as may be necessary to
carry out its functions.
§ 2303. POWERS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE
BOARD; LIABILITY OF MEMBERS
Except as otherwise provided by this chapter, the Board
shall have all the usual powers and obligations of a trustee
with respect to property and funds administered by it, but
the members of the Board are not personally liable, except
for malfeasance.
§ 2304. COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS;
AVAILABILITY OF TRUST FUNDS FOR
EXPENSES OF THE BOARD
Compensation may not be paid to the members of the
Board for their services as members. Costs incurred by
the Board in carrying out its duties under this chapter,
including the obligations necessarily incurred by the


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: simple_qa
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

members of the Board in the performance of their duties
and the compensation of persons employed by the Board,
shall be paid by the Archivist of the United States from
trust funds available to the Board for this purpose. The
Board, by resolution, may authorize the transfer of funds
(including the principal or interest of a gift or bequest)
to the National Archives and Records Administration to
be expended on an archival or records activity approved
by the Board or to accomplish the purpose of a gift or
bequest.
§ 2305. ACCEPTANCE OF GIFTS
The Board may solicit and accept gifts or bequests of
money, securities, or other personal property, for the
benefit of or in connection with the national archival and
records activities administered by the National Archives and Records Administration. Moneys that are for deposit
into the trust fund shall be deposited within 10 working
days of the receipt thereof.
§ 2306. INVESTMENT OF FUNDS
The Secretary of the Treasury shall receipt for moneys or


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: educational
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

securities composing trust funds given or bequeathed to
the Board and shall invest, reinvest, and retain the moneys
or securities as the Board from time to time determines.
The Board may not engage in business or exercise a voting
privilege which may be incidental to securities in such
trust funds, nor may the Secretary of the Treasury make
investments for the account of the Board which could not
lawfully be made by a trust company in the District of
Columbia, unless directly authorized by the instrument of
gift or bequest under which the funds to be invested are
derived, and may retain investments accepted by the Board.
§ 2307. TRUST FUND ACCOUNT;
DISBURSEMENTS; SALES OF PUBLICATIONS
AND RELEASES
The income from trust funds held by the Board and the
proceeds from the sale of securities and other personal
property, as and when collected, shall be covered into the
Treasury of the United States in a trust fund account to
be known as the National Archives Trust Fund, subject


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

to disbursement on the basis of certified vouchers of
the Archivist of the United States (or his designee) for
activities approved by the Board and in the interest of
the national archival and records activities administered
by the National Archives and Records Administration,
including but not restricted to the preparation and
publication of special works, and collections of sources
and the preparation, duplication, editing, and release of
historical photographic materials and sound recordings.
The Archivist may sell publications and releases authorized
by this section and paid for out of the income derived
from trust funds at a price which will cover their cost, plus
10 percent, and moneys received from these sales shall
be paid into, administered, and expended as part of the
National Archives Trust Fund.
§ 2308. TAX EXEMPTION FOR GIFTS
Gifts and bequests received by the Board under this
chapter, and the income from them are exempt from
taxes.
[Page 56]


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 47	NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS
and RECORDS COMMISSION
(44 U.S.C. Chapter 25)
Sec.
2501. Creation; composition; appointment and tenure;
meetings.
2502. Vacancies.
2503.  Executive director; staff; transportation expenses.
2504. Duties; authorization of grants for collection,
reproduction, and publication of documentary
source material.
2505. Special advisory committees; membership; reim -
bursement.
2506. Records to be kept by grantees.
§ 2501. CREATION; COMPOSITION;
APPOINTMENT AND TENURE; MEETINGS
(a) The National Historical Publications and Records
Commission shall consist of 15 members as follows:
(1) the following ex officio members:
(A) the Archivist of the United States, who shall be
chairman;
(B) the Librarian of Congress (or an alternate designated
by the Librarian);
(C) one Senator, appointed by the President of the
Senate;
(D) one Representative, appointed by the Speaker of
the House of Representatives;
(E) one member of the judicial branch of the


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Company Law - Shareholder Rights | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

Government, appointed by the Chief Justice of the
United States;
(F) one representative of the Department of State to be
appointed by the Secretary of State; and
(G) one representative of the Department of Defense to
be appointed by the Secretary of Defense;
(2) one member from each of the following
organizations, appointed by the governing council or
board of the respective organization:
(A) the American Historical Association;
(B) the Organization of American Historians;
(C) the Society of American Archivists;
(D) the American Association for State and Local History;(E) the Association for Documentary Editing; and
(F) the National Association for Government Archives
and Records Administrators; and
(3) two other members, outstanding in the fields of the
social or physical sciences, the arts, or archival or library
science, appointed by the President of the United States.
(b)(1)  The members appointed under subsection (a)
shall be appointed for not more than 2 terms of 4 years,
except that—


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
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Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: conversational
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(A) a member appointed under subsection (a)(1)(D)
shall be appointed for not more than 4 terms of 2 years; and
(B) the Archivist and the Librarian of Congress are
permanent ex officio members.
(2) A member may continue to serve after the expiration
of a term until a successor has been appointed, but not to
exceed one year.
(c) The Commission shall meet at least annually and at
call of the Chairman.
(d) Recusal.—Members of the Commission shall recuse
themselves from voting on any matter that poses, or could
potentially pose, a conflict of interest, including a matter
that could benefit them or an entity they represent.
§ 2502. VACANCIES
A person appointed to fill a vacancy in the membership
of the Commission shall be appointed only for the
unexpired term of the member whom he succeeds, and
his appointment shall be made in the same manner as the
appointment of his predecessor.
§ 2503. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, STAFF,
TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES
(a) The Commission may appoint, without reference to


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: simple_qa
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

chapter 51 of title 5, an executive director. The Chairman
may appoint such other employees as may be necessary to
carry out the purposes of this chapter.
(b) Members of the Commission shall be allowed travel
expenses (including per diem allowance in lieu of sub -
sistence) in the same amount and to the same extent as
[Page 58]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 49	(v) has raised funds from non-Federal sources in
support of the efforts of the entity to promote the
historical preservation of, and public access to, such
historical works and collections of historical sources
in an amount equal to the amount of the grant the
entity seeks under this subsection;
(vi) shall coordinate with any relevant Federal pro -
gram or activity, including programs and activities
relating to Presidential archival depositories;
(vii) shall coordinate with any relevant non-Federal
program or activity, including programs and activi -
ties conducted by State and local governments and
private educational historical entities; and


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

(viii) has a workable plan for preserving and provid -
ing public access to such historical works and collec -
tions of historical sources.
(g)(1) For the purposes specified in this section, there
is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the National
Historical Publications and Records Commission—
(A) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 1989;
(B) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 1990;
(C) $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1991,
1992, and 1993;
(D) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 1994;
(E) $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1995;
(F) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 1996;
(G) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1997;
(H) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1998;
(I) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1999;
(J) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2000;
(K) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2001;
(L) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2002;
(M) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(N) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(O) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;(P) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
(Q) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(R) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
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Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: simple_qa
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(S) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
(2) Amounts appropriated under this subsection shall
be available until expended when so provided in appro -
priation Acts.
§ 2505. SPECIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEES;
MEMBERSHIP; REIMBURSEMENT
The Commission may establish special advisory
committees to consult with and make recommendations
to it, from among the leading historians, political
scientists, archivists, librarians, and other specialists of the
Nation. Members of special advisory committees shall be
reimbursed for transportation and other expenses on the
same basis as members of the Commission.
§ 2506. RECORDS TO BE KEPT BY GRANTEES
(a) Each recipient of grant assistance under section
2504 of this title shall keep such records as the Archivist
of the United States prescribes, including records which
fully disclose the amount and disposition by the recipient
of the proceeds of the grants, the total cost of the project
or undertaking in connection with which funds are given


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: hypothetical
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

or used, and the amount of that portion of the cost of the
project or undertaking supplied by other sources, and any
other records as will facilitate an effective audit.
(b) The Archivist and the Comptroller General of the
United States or their authorized representatives shall
have access for the purposes of audit and examination to
books, documents, papers, and records of the recipients
that are pertinent to the grants received under section
2504 of this title.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE RECORDS OF CONGRESS
(44 U.S.C. Chapter 27)
Sec.
2701. Advisory Committee on the Records of Congress.
2702. Membership; chairman; meetings.
2703. Functions of the Committee.2704. Powers of the Committee.
2705. Compensation and travel expenses.
2706. Administrative provisions.
[Page 60]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 51	A member of the Committee may not be paid
compensation for service performed as a member of the
Committee. However, members of the Committee shall
be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: client_interaction
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies
under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States
Code, while away from their homes or regular places of
business in the performance of service for the Committee.
§ 2706. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
(a) Upon request of the Committee, the head of any
Federal agency is authorized to detail to the Committee, on a nonreimbursable basis, any of the personnel of such
agency to assist the Committee in carrying out the du -
ties referred to under section 2703 and such detail shall
be without interruption or loss of civil service status or
privilege.
(b) For purposes of supporting the Committee, the Ar -
chivist may obtain the services of experts and consultants
in accordance with the provisions of section 3109 of title
5, United States Code, but at rates for individuals not to
exceed the daily equivalent of the minimum annual rate
of basic pay payable for GS-16 of the General Schedule
under section 5332 of such title.
RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY THE


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Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: case_study
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

ARCHIVIST OF THE UNITED STATES
(44 U.S.C. Chapter 29)
Sec.
2901. Definitions.
2901 note.   Records Center Revolving Fund.
2902. Objectives of records management.
2903. Custody and control of property.
2904. General responsibilities of Administrator.
2905. Establishment of Standards for selective retention
of records; security measures.
2906. Inspection of agency records.
2907.  Records centers and centralized microfilming ser -
vices.
2908. Regulations.
2909. Retention of records.
2910. Preservation of Freedmen’s Bureau records.
2911.  Disclosure requirement for official business con -
ducted using non-official electronic messaging ac -
counts.
§ 2901. DEFINITIONS
As used in this chapter, and chapters 21, 25, 31, and 33
of this title—
(1) the term “records” has the meaning given it by sec -
tion 3301 of this title;
(2) the term “records management” means the plan -
ning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, pro -moting, and other managerial activities involved with


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

respect to records creation, records maintenance and use,
and records disposition in order to achieve adequate and
proper documentation of the policies and transactions of
the Federal Government and effective and economical
management of agency operations;
(3) the term “records creation” means the production or
reproduction of any record;
(4) the term “records maintenance and use” means any
activity involving—
(A) location of records of a Federal agency;
(B) storage, retrieval, and handling of records kept at
office file locations by or for a Federal agency;
(C) processing of mail by a Federal agency; or
(D) selection and utilization of equipment and supplies
associated with records and copying;
(5) the term “records disposition” means any activity
with respect to—
(A) disposal of temporary records no longer necessary
for the conduct of business by destruction or donation;
(B) transfer of records to Federal agency storage facili -
ties or records centers;


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: educational
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

(C) transfer to the National Archives of the United
States of records determined to have sufficient histori -
cal or other value to warrant continued preservation; or
[Page 62]
 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY FEDERAL AGENCIES
(44 U.S.C. Chapter 31)
Sec.
3101.  Records management by agency heads; general duties.
3102. Establishment of program of management.
3103. T ransfer of records to records centers.
3104. Certifications and determinations on transferred
records.
3105. Safeguards.
3106. Unlawful removal, destruction of records.
3107. Authority of Comptroller General.
�������� RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY AGENCY
HEADS; GENERAL DUTIES
The head of each Federal agency shall make and preserve
records containing adequate and proper documentation
of the organization, functions, policies, decisions,
procedures, and essential transactions of the agency and
designed to furnish the information necessary to protect


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Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

the legal and financial rights of the Government and of
persons directly affected by the agency’s activities.
�������� ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM OF
MANAGEMENT
The head of each Federal agency shall establish and
maintain an active, continuing program for the economical
and efficient management of the records of the agency.
The program, among other things, shall provide for
(1) eective controls over the creation and over the main -
tenance and use of records in the conduct of current business;
(2) cooperation with the Archivist in applying stan -
dards, procedures, and techniques designed to improve
the management of records, promote the maintenance
and security of records deemed appropriate for preserva -
tion, and facilitate the segregation and disposal of records
of temporary value; and
(3) compliance with sections 2101–2117, 2501–2507,
2901–2909, and 3101–3107, of this title and the regula -
tions issued under them.
�������� TRANSFER OF RECORDS TO RECORDS
CENTERS


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Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: procedural_guide
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

When the head of a Federal agency determines that such action may affect substantial economies or increased
operating efficiency, the head of such agency shall provide
for the transfer of records to a records center maintained
and operated by the Archivist, or, when approved by the
Archivist, to a center maintained and operated by the
head of the Federal agency.
�������  CERTIFICATIONS AND
DETERMINATIONS ON TRANSFERRED
RECORDS
An official of the Government who is authorized to
certify to facts on the basis of records in such official’s
custody, may certify to facts on the basis of records that
have been transferred by such official or such official’s
predecessors to the Archivist, and may authorize the
Archivist to certify to facts and to make administrative
determinations on the basis of records transferred to the
Archivist, notwithstanding any other law.
�������  SAFEGUARDS
The head of each Federal agency shall establish safeguards
against the removal or loss of records the head of such agency


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Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

determines to be necessary and required by regulations of
the Archivist. Safeguards shall include making it known to
officials and employees of the agency—
(1) that records in the custody of the agency are not to
be alienated or destroyed except in accordance with sec -
tions 3301–3314 of this title, and
(2) the penalties provided by law for the unlawful re -
moval or destruction of records.
�������� UNLAWFUL REMOVAL, DESTRUCTION
OF RECORDS
(a) Federal Agency Notification.—e head of each
Federal agency shall notify the Archivist of any actual,
impending, or threatened unlawful removal, defacing,
alteration, corruption, deletion, erasure, or other destruc -
tion of records in the custody of the agency, and with the
assistance of the Archivist shall initiate action through the
Attorney General for the recovery of records the head of
the Federal agency knows or has reason to believe have
[Page 63]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | (2) Records, the use of which is restricted by law or for


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Topic: Family Law - Child Custody | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

reasons of national security or the public interest, shall be
inspected, in accordance with regulations promulgated by
the Archivist, subject to the approval of the head of the
agency concerned or of the President.
(3) If the Archivist (or the Archivist’s designee) in -
spects a record, as provided in this subsection, which is
contained in a system of records which is subject to sec -
tion 552a of title 5, such record shall be—
(A) maintained by the Archivist or such designee as a
record contained in a system of records; or
(B) deemed to be a record contained in a system of
records for purposes of subsections (b), (c), and (i) of
section 552a of title 5.
(b) In conducting the inspection of agency records pro -
vided for in subsection (a) of this section, the Archivist
(or the Archivist’s designee) shall, in addition to comply -
ing with the provisions of law cited in subsection (a)(3),
comply with all other Federal laws and be subject to the
sanctions provided therein.
§ 2907. RECORDS CENTERS AND


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: practical_application
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

CENTRALIZED MICROFILMING SERVICES
The Archivist may establish, maintain, and operate records
centers and centralized microfilming or digitization
services for Federal agencies.
§ 2908. REGULATIONS
Subject to applicable law, the Archivist shall promulgate
regulations governing the transfer of records from the
custody of one executive agency to that of another.
§ 2909. RETENTION OF RECORDS
The Archivist may empower a Federal agency, to retain
records for a longer period than that specified in disposal
schedules; and may withdraw disposal authorizations
covering records listed in disposal schedules. The Archivist
shall promulgate regulations in accordance with section
2104(a) of this title to implement this section.
§ 2910. PRESERVATION OF FREEDMEN’S
BUREAU RECORDS
The Archivist shall preserve the records of the Bureau
of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands,
commonly referred to as the “Freedmen’s Bureau”, by
using—(1) microlm technology for preservation of the doc -


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

uments comprising these records so that they can be
maintained for future generations; and
(2) the results of the pilot project with the University
of Florida to create future partnerships with Howard
University and other institutions for the purposes of
indexing these records and making them more easily
accessible to the public, including historians, genealo -
gists, and students, and for any other purposes deter -
mined by the Archivist.
§ 2911.  DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENT FOR
OFFICIAL BUSINESS CONDUCTED USING
NON-OFFICIAL ELECTRONIC MESSAGING
ACCOUNTS
(a) In general.—An ocer or employee of an executive
agency may not create or send a record using a non-o -
cial electronic messaging account unless such ocer or
employee—
(1) copies an official electronic messaging account
of the officer or employee in the original creation or
transmission of the record; or
(2) forwards a complete copy of the record to an official
electronic messaging account of the officer or employee


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Tort Law - Nuisance | Sample Type: client_interaction
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

not later than 20 days after the original creation or
transmission of the record.
(b) Adverse actions.—e intentional violation of sub -
section (a) (including any rules, regulations, or other im -
plementing guidelines), as determined by the appropriate
supervisor, shall be a basis for disciplinary action in accor -
dance with subchapter I, II, or V of chapter 75 of title 5,
as the case may be.
(c) Denitions.—In this section:
(1) Electronic messages.—e term “electronic messag -
es” means electronic mail and other electronic messaging
systems that are used for purposes of communicating be -
tween individuals.
(2) Electronic messaging account.—e term “elec -
tronic messaging account” means any account that sends
electronic messages.
(3) Executive agency.—The term ‘executive agency’
has the meaning given that term in section 105 of
title 5.
[Page 66]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 57	been unlawfully removed from that agency, or from an -
other Federal agency whose records have been transferred


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Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

to the legal custody of that Federal agency.
(b) Archivist Notification.—In any case in which the
head of a Federal agency does not initiate an action for
such recovery or other redress within a reasonable period
of time after being notified of any such unlawful action
described in subsection (a), or is participating in, or be -
lieved to be participating in any such unlawful action, the
Archivist shall request the Attorney General to initiate
such an action, and shall notify the Congress when such a
request has been made.§ 3107.  AUTHORITY OF COMPTROLLER
GENERAL
Chapters 21, 25, 27,1 29, and 31 of this title do not limit the
authority of the Comptroller General of the United States
with respect to prescribing accounting systems, forms,
and procedures, or lessen the responsibility of collecting
and disbursing officers for rendition of their accounts for
settlement by the Government Accountability Office.
REFERENCES IN TEXT
1 Chapter 27 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed


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Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: client_interaction
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

by Pub. L. 95–378, §2(a), Sept. 22, 1978, 92 Stat. 723 .
DISPOSAL OF RECORDS
(44 U.S.C. Chapter 33)
Sec.
3301. Definition of records.
3302. Regulations covering lists of records for disposal,
procedure for disposal, and standards for reproduc -
tion.
3303. Lists and schedules of records to be submitted to
Archivist by head of each Government agency.
3303a.  Examination by Archivist of lists and schedules
of records lacking preservation value; disposal of
records.
3308. Disposal of similar records where prior disposal was
authorized.
3309. Preservation of claims of Government until settled
in General Accounting Office; disposal authorized
upon written approval of Comptroller General.
3310. Disposal of records constituting menace to health,
life, or property.
3311. Destruction of records outside continental United
States in time of war or when hostile action seems
imminent; written report to Archivist.
3312. Photographs or microphotographs of records con -
sidered as originals; certified reproductions admis -


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

sible in evidence.
3313. Moneys from sale of records payable into the
T reasury.
3314. Procedures for disposal of records exclusive.§ 3301. DEFINITION OF RECORDS
(a) Records Defined.—
(1) In general.—As used in this chapter, the term
“records”—
(A) includes all recorded information, regardless of
form or characteristics, made or received by a Feder -
al agency under Federal law or in connection with the
transaction of public business and preserved or appro -
priate for preservation by that agency or its legitimate
successor as evidence of the organization, functions,
policies, decisions, procedures, operations, or other ac -
tivities of the United States Government or because of
the informational value of data in them; and
(B) does not include—
(i) library and museum material made or acquired
and preserved solely for reference or exhibition pur -
poses; or
(ii) duplicate copies of records preserved only for
convenience.
(2) Recorded information defined.—For purposes of


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

paragraph (1), the term “recorded information” includes all
traditional forms of records, regardless of physical form or
characteristics, including information created, manipulat -
ed, communicated, or stored in digital or electronic form.
(b) Determination of Definition.—The Archivist’s de -
termination whether recorded information, regardless of
whether it exists in physical, digital, or electronic form, is
[Page 67]
58 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 59	a record as defined in subsection (a) shall be binding on
all Federal agencies.
§ 3302. REGULATIONS COVERING LISTS
OF RECORDS FOR DISPOSAL, PROCEDURE
FOR DISPOSAL, AND STANDARDS FOR
REPRODUCTION
The Archivist shall promulgate regulations, not
inconsistent with this chapter, establishing—
(1) procedures for the compiling and submitting to the
Archivist of lists and schedules of records proposed for
disposal,
(2) procedures for the disposal of records authorized for
disposal, and


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

(3) standards for the reproduction of records by pho -
tographic, microphotographic, or digital processes with a
view to the disposal of the original records.
§ 3303. LISTS AND SCHEDULES OF RECORDS
TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE ARCHIVIST BY
HEAD OF EACH GOVERNMENT AGENCY
The head of each agency of the United States
Government shall submit to the Archivist, under
regulations promulgated as provided by section 3302 of
this title—
(1) lists of any records in the custody of the agency that
have been photographed, microphotographed, or digi -
tized under the regulations and that, as a consequence, do
not appear to have sufficient value to warrant their further
preservation by the Government;
(2) lists of other records in the custody of the agency
not needed by it in the transaction of its current business
and that do not appear to have sufficient administrative,
legal, research, or other value to warrant their further
preservation by the Government; and
(3) schedules proposing the disposal after the lapse of


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

specified periods of time of records of a specified form or
character that either have accumulated in the custody of
the agency or may accumulate after the submission of the
schedules and apparently will not after the lapse of the
period specified have sufficient administrative, legal, re -
search, or other value to warrant their further preservation
by the Government.
§ 3303A. EXAMINATION BY ARCHIVIST
OF LISTS AND SCHEDULES OF RECORDS LACKING PRESERVATION VALUE; DISPOSAL
OF RECORDS
(a) The Archivist shall examine the lists and schedules
submitted to the Archivist under section 3303 of this
title. If the Archivist determines that any of the records
listed in a list or schedule submitted to the Archivist do
not, or will not after the lapse of the period specified, have
sufficient administrative, legal, research, or other value to
warrant their continued preservation by the Government,
the Archivist may, after publication of notice in the Fed -
eral Register and an opportunity for interested persons to


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Company Law - Shareholder Rights | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

submit comment thereon—
(1) notify the agency to that effect; and
(2) empower the agency to dispose of those records in
accordance with regulations promulgated under section
3302 of this title.
(b) Authorizations granted under lists and schedules
submitted to the Archivist under section 3303 of this
title, and schedules promulgated by the Archivist un -
der subsection (d) of this section, shall be mandatory,
subject to section 2909 of this title. As between an au -
thorization granted under lists and schedules submit -
ted to the Archivist undersection 3303 of this title and
an authorization contained in a schedule promulgated
under subsection (d) of this section, application of the
authorization providing for the shorter retention pe -
riod shall be required, subject to section 2909 of this
title.
(c) The Archivist may request advice and counsel
from the Committee on Oversight and Government Re -
form of the House of Representatives and the Commit -
tee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: practical_application
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

the Senate with respect to the disposal of any particular
records under this chapter whenever the Archivist con -
siders that—
(1) those particular records may be of special interest
to the Congress; or
(2) consultation with the Congress regarding the dis -
posal of those particular records is in the public interest.
However, this subsection does not require the Archivist to
request such advice and counsel as a regular procedure in
the general disposal of records under this chapter.
(d) The Archivist shall promulgate schedules autho -
rizing the disposal, after the lapse of specified periods
of time, of records of a specified form or character com -
mon to several or all agencies if such records will not, at
[Page 68]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 59	the end of the periods specified, have sufficient admin -
istrative, legal, research, or other value to warrant their
further preservation by the United States Government.
(e) The Archivist may approve and effect the disposal of


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

records that are in the Archivist’s legal custody, provided
that records that had been in the custody of another ex -
isting agency may not be disposed of without the written
consent of the head of the agency.
(f) The Archivist shall make an annual report to the
Congress concerning the disposal of records under this
chapter, including general descriptions of the types of
records disposed of and such other information as the
Archivist considers appropriate to keep the Congress ful -
ly informed regarding the disposal of records under this
chapter.
§ 3308. DISPOSAL OF SIMILAR RECORDS
WHERE PRIOR DISPOSAL WAS AUTHORIZED
When it appears to the Archivist that an agency has in
its custody, or is accumulating, records of the same
form or character as those of the same agency previously
authorized to be disposed of, he may empower the head of
the agency to dispose of the records, after they have been
in existence a specified period of time, in accordance with


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

regulations promulgated under section 3302 of this title
and without listing or scheduling them.
§ 3309. PRESERVATION OF CLAIMS OF
GOVERNMENT UNTIL SETTLED IN
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE;
DISPOSAL AUTHORIZED UPON WRITTEN
APPROVAL OF COMPTROLLER GENERAL
Records pertaining to claims and demands by or
against the Government of the United States or to
accounts in which the Government of the United
States is concerned, either as debtor or creditor, may
not be disposed of by the head of an agency under
authorization granted under this chapter, until the
claims, demands, and accounts have been settled and
adjusted in the Government Accountability Office,
except upon the written approval of the Comptroller
General of the United States.
§ 3310. DISPOSAL OF RECORDS
CONSTITUTING MENACE TO HEALTH, LIFE,
OR PROPERTYWhen the Archivist and the head of the agency that has
custody of them jointly determine that records in the
custody of an agency of the United States Government


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

are a continuing menace to human health or life or
to property, the Archivist shall eliminate the menace
immediately by any method he considers necessary. When
records in the custody of the Archivist are disposed of
under this section, the Archivist shall report their disposal
to the agency from which they were transferred.
§ 3311. DESTRUCTION OF RECORDS
OUTSIDE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES IN
TIME OF WAR OR WHEN HOSTILE ACTION
SEEMS IMMINENT; WRITTEN REPORT TO
ARCHIVIST
During a state of war between the United States and
another nation, or when hostile action by a foreign
power appears imminent, the head of an agency of the
United States Government may authorize the destruction
of records in his legal custody situated in a military or
naval establishment, ship, or other depository outside the
territorial limits of continental United States—
(1) the retention of which would be prejudicial to the
interests of the United States or
(2) which occupy space urgently needed for military


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

purposes and are, in his opinion, without sufficient ad -
ministrative, legal, research, or other value to warrant
their continued preservation.
Within six months after their disposal, the official who
directed the disposal shall submit a written report to the
Archivist in which he shall describe the character of the
records and state when and where he disposed of them.
§ 3312. PHOTOGRAPHS OR
MICROPHOTOGRAPHS OF RECORDS
CONSIDERED AS ORIGINALS; CERTIFIED
REPRODUCTIONS ADMISSIBLE IN EVIDENCE
Photographs, microphotographs of records, or digitized
records made in compliance with regulations under
section 3302 of this title shall have the same effect as the
originals and shall be treated as originals for the purpose of
their admissibility in evidence. Certified or authenticated
reproductions of the photographs, microphotographs, or
digitized records shall be admitted in evidence equally
with the original photographs, microphotographs, or
digitized records.
[Page 70]


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
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Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: educational
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 61	categorization of Government information—
(i) in a way that is searchable electronically, including by
searchable identifiers; and
(ii) in ways that are interoperable across agencies;
(B) the definition of categories of Government information
which should be classified under the standards; and
(C) determining priorities and developing schedules for
the initial implementation of the standards by agencies.
(2) Functions of the director.—Not later than 1 year after
the submission of recommendations under paragraph (1),
the Director shall issue policies—
(A) Requiring that agencies use standards, which are open
to the maximum extent feasible, to enable the organization
and categorization of Government information—
(i) in a way that is searchable electronically, including by
searchable identifiers;
(ii) in ways that are interoperable across agencies; and
(iii) that are, as appropriate, consistent with the provisions
under section 3602(f)(8) of title 44, United States Code;


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: hypothetical
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(B) defining categories of Government information which
shall be required to be classified under the standards; and
(C) determining priorities and developing schedules for
the initial implementation of the standards by agencies.
(3) Modification of policies.—After the submission of
agency reports under paragraph (4), the Director shall
modify the policies, as needed, in consultation with the
Committee and interested parties.
(4) Agency functions.—Each agency shall report annually
to the Director, in the report established under section
202(g) [of this note], on compliance of that agency with
the policies issued under paragraph (2)(A).
(e) Public access to electronic information.—
(1) Committee functions.—Not later than 2 years after
the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2002],
the Committee shall submit recommendations to the
Director and the Archivist of the United States on—
(A) the adoption by agencies of policies and procedures
to ensure that chapters 21, 25, 27, 29, and 31 of title 44,


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Tort Law - Negligence | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

United States Code [44 U.S.C.A. §§ 2101 et seq., 2501
et seq., 2701 et seq., 2901 et seq., and 3101 et seq.], are
applied effectively and comprehensively to Government
information on the Internet and to other electronic
records; and
(B) the imposition of timetables for the implementation
of the policies and procedures by agencies.(2) Functions of the archivist.—Not later than 1 year after
the submission of recommendations by the Committee
under paragraph (1), the Archivist of the United States
shall issue policies—
(A) requiring the adoption by agencies of policies and
procedures to ensure that chapters 21, 25, 27, 29, and 31
of title 44, United States Code [44 U.S.C.A. §§ 2101 et
seq., 2501 et seq., 2701 et seq., 2901 et seq., and 3101
et seq.], are applied effectively and comprehensively to
Government information on the Internet and to other
electronic records; and
(B) imposing timetables for the implementation of the
policies, procedures, and technologies by agencies.


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(3) Modification of policies.—After the submission of
agency reports under paragraph (4), the Archivist of the
United States shall modify the policies, as needed, in
consultation with the Committee and interested parties.
(4) Agency functions.—Each agency shall report annually
to the Director, in the report established under section
202(g) [of this note], on compliance of that agency with
the policies issued under paragraph (2)(A).
(f) Agency websites.—
(1) Standards for agency websites.—Not later than 2
years after the effective date of this title [Pub.L. 107-347,
Title II, §§ 201 to 216, Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2910;
see Tables for complete classification], the Director shall
promulgate guidance for agency websites that includes—
(A) Requirements that websites include direct links to—
(i) descriptions of the mission and statutory authority of
the agency;
(ii) information made available to the public under
subsections (a)(1) and (b) of section 552 of title 5, United


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: legal_news_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

States Code (commonly referred to as the ‘Freedom of
Information Act’);
(iii) information about the organizational structure of the
agency; and
(iv) the strategic plan of the agency developed under
section 306 of title 5, United States Code; and
(B) Minimum agency goals to assist public users to
navigate agency websites, including—
(i) speed of retrieval of search results;
(ii) the relevance of the results;
(iii) tools to aggregate and disaggregate data; and
(iv) security protocols to protect information.
(2) Agency requirements.—
[Page 71]
62 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 63	(A) Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
this Act [Dec. 17, 2002], each agency shall—
(i) consult with the Committee and solicit public
comment;
(ii) establish a process for determining which Government
information the agency intends to make available and
accessible to the public on the Internet and by other
means;
(iii) develop priorities and schedules for making


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

Government information available and accessible;
(iv) make such final determinations, priorities, and
schedules available for public comment;
(v) post such final determinations, priorities, and
schedules on the Internet; and
(vi) submit such final determinations, priorities, and
schedules to the Director, in the report established under
section 202(g) [of this note].
(B) Each agency shall update determinations, priorities,
and schedules of the agency, as needed, after consulting
with the Committee and soliciting public comment, if
appropriate.
(3) Public domain directory of public Federal Government
websites.—
(A) Establishment.—Not later than 2 years after the
effective date of this title [Pub.L. 107-347, Title II, §§
201 to 216, Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2910; see Tables
for complete classification], the Director and each agency
shall—
(i) develop and establish a public domain directory of
public Federal Government websites; and
(ii) post the directory on the Internet with a link to


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: client_interaction
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

the integrated Internet-based system established under
section 204 [of this note].
(B) Development.—With the assistance of each agency,
the Director shall—
(i) Direct the development of the directory through a
collaborative effort, including input from—
(I) agency librarians;
(II) information technology managers;
(III) program managers;
(IV) records managers;
(V) Federal depository librarians; and
(VI) other interested parties; and
(ii) develop a public domain taxonomy of subjects used
to review and categorize public Federal Government
websites.(C) Update.—With the assistance of each agency, the
Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government
shall—
(i) update the directory as necessary, but not less than
every 6 months; and
(ii) solicit interested persons for improvements to the
directory.
(g) Access to Federally funded research and
development.—
(1) Development and maintenance of Governmentwide
repository and website.—
(A) Repository and website.—The Director of the Office


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: simple_qa
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

of Management and Budget (or the Director’s delegate),
in consultation with the Director of the Office of Science
and Technology Policy and other relevant agencies, shall
ensure the development and maintenance of—
(i) A repository that fully integrates, to the maximum
extent feasible, information about research and
development funded by the Federal Government, and the
repository shall—
(I) Include information about research and development
funded by the Federal Government, consistent with any
relevant protections for the information under section
552 of title 5, United States code, and performed by—
(aa) institutions not a part of the Federal Government,
including State, local, and foreign governments;
industrial firms; educational institutions; not-for-profit
organizations; federally funded research and development
centers; and private individuals; and
(bb) entities of the Federal Government, including
research and development laboratories, centers, and
offices; and


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: educational
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(II) Integrate information about each separate research
and development task or award, including—
(aa) the dates upon which the task or award is expected
to start and end;
(bb) a brief summary describing the objective and the
scientific and technical focus of the task or award;
(cc) the entity or institution performing the task or award
and its contact information;
(dd) the total amount of Federal funds expected to be
provided to the task or award over its lifetime and the
amount of funds expected to be provided in each fiscal
year in which the work of the task or award is ongoing;
(ee) any restrictions attached to the task or award that
[Page 72]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 63	would prevent the sharing with the general public of any
or all of the information required by this subsection, and
the reasons for such restrictions; and
(ff) such other information as may be determined to be
appropriate; and
(ii) 1 or more websites upon which all or part of the


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: client_interaction
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

repository of Federal research and development shall be
made available to and searchable by Federal agencies and
non-Federal entities, including the general public, to
facilitate—
(I) the coordination of Federal research and development
activities;
(II) collaboration among those conducting Federal
research and development;
(III) the transfer of technology among Federal agencies
and between Federal agencies and non-Federal entities;
and
(IV) access by policymakers and the public to information
concerning Federal research and development activities.
(B) Oversight.—The Director of the Office of
Management and Budget shall issue any guidance
determined necessary to ensure that agencies provide all
information requested under this subsection.
(2) Agency functions.—Any agency that funds Federal
research and development under this subsection shall
provide the information required to populate the
repository in the manner prescribed by the Director of
the Office of Management and Budget.


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(3) Committee functions.—Not later than 18 months
after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2002],
working with the Director of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy, and after consultation with interested
parties, the Committee shall submit recommendations to
the Director on—
(A) policies to improve agency reporting of information
for the repository established under this subsection; and
(B) policies to improve dissemination of the results of
research performed by Federal agencies and federally
funded research and development centers.
(4) Functions of the director.—After submission of
recommendations by the Committee under paragraph
(3), the Director shall report on the recommendations
of the Committee and Director to Congress, in the
E-Government report under section 3606 of title 44 (as
added by this Act) [44 U.S.C.A. § 3606].
(5) Authorization of appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated for the development,
maintenance, and operation of the Governmentwide


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

repository and website under this subsection—
(A) $2,000,000 in each of the fiscal years 2003 through
2005; and
(B) such sums as are necessary in each of the fiscal years
2006 and 2007.
***
§ 3504. AUTHORITY AND FUNCTIONS OF
DIRECTOR
(a)(1) The Director [of OMB] shall oversee the use of
information resources to improve the efficiency and ef -
fectiveness of governmental operations to serve agency
missions, including burden reduction and service delivery
to the public. In performing such oversight, the Director
shall—
(A) develop, coordinate and oversee the implementa -
tion of Federal information resources management pol -
icies, principles, standards, and guidelines; and
(B) provide direction and oversee—
(i) the review and approval of the collection of infor -
mation and the reduction of the information collection
burden;
(ii) agency dissemination of and public access to infor -
mation;
(iii) statistical activities;
(iv) records management activities;
(v) privacy, confidentiality, security,


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

disclosure, and sharing of information; and
(vi) the acquisition and use of information technolo -
gy, including alternative information technologies that
provide for electronic submission, maintenance, or dis -
closure of information as a substitute for paper and for
the use and acceptance of electronic signatures.
(2) The authority of the Director under this chapter
shall be exercised consistent with applicable law.
(b) With respect to general information resources man -
agement policy, the Director shall—
(1) develop and oversee the implementation of uniform
information resources management policies, principles,
standards, and guidelines;
(2) foster greater sharing, dissemination, and access to
public information, including through—
[Page 73]
64 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 65	(A) the use of the Government Information Locator
Service; and
(B) the development and utilization of common stan -
dards for information collection, storage, processing


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Company Law - Directors Duties | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

and communication, including standards for security,
interconnectivity and interoperability;
(3) initiate and review proposals for changes in legisla -
tion, regulations, and agency procedures to improve in -
formation resources management practices;
(4) oversee the development and implementation of
best practices in information resources management, in -
cluding training; and
(5) oversee agency integration of program and manage -
ment functions with information resources management
functions.
(c) With respect to the collection of information and
the control of paperwork, the Director shall—
(1) review and approve proposed agency collections of
information;
(2) coordinate the review of the collection of informa -
tion associated with Federal procurement and acquisition
by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs with
the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, with particular
emphasis on applying information technology to improve
the efficiency and effectiveness of Federal procurement,


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Company Law - Directors Duties | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

acquisition and payment, and to reduce information col -
lection burdens on the public;
(3) minimize the Federal information collection bur -
den, with particular emphasis on those individuals and
entities most adversely affected;
(4) maximize the practical utility of and public benefit
from information collected by or for the Federal Govern -
ment; and
(5) establish and oversee standards and guidelines by
which agencies are to estimate the burden to comply with
a proposed collection of information.
(6) publish in the Federal Register and make available
on the Internet (in consultation with the Small Business
Administration) on an annual basis a list of the compli -
ance assistance resources available to small businesses,
with the first such publication occurring not later than
1 year after the date of enactment of the Small Business
Paperwork Relief Act of 2002.
(d) With respect to information dissemination, the Di -
rector shall develop and oversee the implementation of


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Tort Law - Negligence | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

policies, principles, standards, and guidelines to—(1) apply to Federal agency dissemination of public in -
formation, regardless of the form or format in which such
information is disseminated; and
(2) promote public access to public information and
fulfill the purposes of this chapter, including through the
effective use of information technology.
(e) With respect to statistical policy and coordination,
the Director shall—
(1) coordinate the activities of the Federal statistical
system to ensure—
(A) the efficiency and effectiveness of the
system; and
(B) the integrity, objectivity, impartiality, utility,
and confidentiality of information collected for statis -
tical purposes;
(2) ensure that budget proposals of agencies are con -
sistent with system-wide priorities for maintaining and
improving the quality of Federal statistics and prepare an
annual report on statistical program funding;
(3) develop and oversee the implementation of Govern -
mentwide policies, principles, standards, and guidelines


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

concerning—
(A) statistical collection procedures and methods;
(B) statistical data classification;
(C) statistical information presentation and dissemina -
tion;
(D) timely release of statistical data; and
(E) such statistical data sources as may be required for
the administration of Federal programs;
(4) evaluate statistical program performance and agen -
cy compliance with Governmentwide policies, principles,
standards and guidelines;
(5) promote the sharing of information collected for
statistical purposes consistent with privacy rights and con -
fidentiality pledges;
(6) coordinate the participation of the United States in
international statistical activities, including the develop -
ment of comparable statistics;
(7) appoint a chief statistician who is a trained and ex -
perienced professional statistician to carry out the func -
tions described under this subsection;
(8) carrying out the functions under this subsection
that shall—
(A) be headed by the chief statistician; and
(B) consist of—


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: educational
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

(i) the heads of the major statistical
[Page 74]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 65	programs; and
(ii) representatives of other statistical
agencies under rotating membership; and
(9) provide opportunities for training in statistical pol -
icy functions to employees of the Federal Government
under which—
(A) each trainee shall be selected at the discretion of the
Director based on agency requests and shall serve under
the chief statistician for at least 6 months and not more
than 1 year; and
(B) all costs of the training shall be paid by the
agency requesting training.
(f) With respect to records management, the Director
shall—
(1) provide advice and assistance to the Archivist of the
United States and the Administrator of General Ser -
vices to promote coordination in the administration of
chapters 29, 31, and 33 of this title with the informa -
tion resources management policies, principles, stan -
dards, and guidelines established under this subchapter;
(2) review compliance by agencies with—


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

(A) the requirements of chapters 29, 31, and 33 of this
title; and
(B) regulations promulgated by the Archivist of the
United States and the Administrator of General Ser -
vices; and
(3) oversee the application of records management pol -
icies, principles, standards, and guidelines, including
requirements for archiving information maintained in
electronic format, in the planning and design of infor -
mation systems.
(g) With respect to privacy and security, the Director
shall—
(1) develop and oversee the implementation of policies,
principles, standards, and guidelines on privacy, confi -
dentiality, security, disclosure and sharing of informa -
tion collected or maintained by or for agencies; and
(2) oversee and coordinate compliance with sections
552 and 552a of title 5, sections 20 and 21 of the Na -
tional Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15
U.S.C. 278g-3 and 278g-4), section 11331 of title 40
and subchapter II of this title, and related information
management laws.


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Tort Law - Negligence | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

(h) With respect to Federal information technology, the
Director shall—
(1) in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Admin -
istrator of General Services—
(A) develop and oversee the implementation of pol -
icies, principles, standards, and guidelines for infor -
mation technology functions and activities of the
Federal Government, including periodic evaluations
of major information systems; and
(B) oversee the development and implementation of
standards under section 11331 of title 40;
(2) monitor the effectiveness of, and compliance with,
directives issued under subtitle III of title 40 and direc -
tives issued under section 322 of title 40;
(3) coordinate the development and review by the Of -
fice of Information and Regulatory Affairs of policy
associated with Federal procurement and acquisition
of information technology with the Office of Federal
Procurement Policy;
(4) ensure, through the review of agency budget pro -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

posals, information resources management plans and
other means—
(A) agency integration of information resources
management plans, program plans and budgets for
acquisition and use of information technology; and
(B) the efficiency and effectiveness of inter-agency
information technology initiatives to improve agen -
cy performance and the accomplishment of agency
missions; and
(5) promote the use of information technology by the
Federal Government to improve the productivity, effi -
ciency, and effectiveness of Federal programs, including
through dissemination of public information and the re -
duction of information collection burdens on the public.
***
§ 3511. ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION
OF GOVERNMENT INFORMATION LOCATOR
SERVICE
(a) In order to assist agencies and the public in locating
information and to promote information sharing and
equitable access by the public, the Director shall—
(1) cause to be established and maintained a distributed
agency-based electronic Government Information


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: contract law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

Locator Service (hereafter in this section referred to as
the “Service”), which shall identify the major information
systems, holdings, and dissemination products of each
agency;
[Page 75]
66 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 67	(2) require each agency to establish and maintain an
agency information locator service as a component of,
and to support the establishment and operation of the
Service;
(3) in cooperation with the Archivist of the United States,
the Administrator of General Services, the Director of
the Government Publishing Office, and the Librarian of
Congress, establish an interagency committee to advise the
Secretary of Commerce on the development of technical
standards for the Service to ensure compatibility, promote
information sharing, and uniform access by the public;
(4) consider public access and other user needs in the
establishment and operation of the Service;
(5) ensure the security and integrity of the Service,