# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

in the aggregate shall not exceed $96,000 per annum,
except that for the first 30-month period during
which a former President is entitled to staff assistance
under this subsection, such rates of compensation in
the aggregate shall not exceed $150,000 per annum.
The annual rate of compensation payable to any such
person shall not exceed the highest annual rate of basic
pay now or hereafter provided by law for positions at
level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313
[Page 13]
4 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 5	of title 5. United States Code [section 5313 of Title 5.
Government Organization and Employees]. Amounts
provided for ‘Allowances and Office Staff for Former
Presidents’ may be used to pay fees of an independent
contractor who is not a member of the staff of the office
of a former President for the review of Presidential
records of a former President in connection with
the transfer of such records to the National Archives


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: general_reasoning
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

and Records Administration or a Presidential Library
without regard to the limitation on staff compensation
set forth herein.
(c) The Administrator of General Services shall
furnish for each former President suitable office space
appropriately furnished and equipped, as determined by
the Administrator, at such place within the United States
as the former President shall specify.
(d) [Repealed. Pub.L. 86-682, § 12(c), Sept. 2, 1960, 74
Stat. 730. See sections 3214 and 3216 of Title 39.]
(e) The widow of each former President shall be entitled
to receive from the United States a monetary allowance
at a rate of $20,000 per annum, payable monthly by the
Secretary of the Treasury, if such widow shall waive the
right to each other annuity or pension to which she is
entitled under any other Act of Congress. The monetary
allowance of such widow—
(1) commences on the day after the former President
dies;
(2) terminates on the last day of the month before
such widow


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Rights | Sample Type: educational
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(A) dies; or(B) remarries before becoming 60 years of age; and
(3) is not payable for any period during which such
widow holds an appointive or elective office or po -
sition in or under the Federal Government or the
government of the District of Columbia to which
is attached a rate of pay other than a nominal rate.
(f) As used in this section, the term ‘former President’
means a person—
(1) who shall have held the office of President of the
United States of America;
(2) whose service in such office shall have terminated
other than by removal pursuant to section 4 of
article II of the Constitution of the United States
of America; and
(3) who does not then currently hold such office.
(g) There are authorized to be appropriated to the
Administrator of General Services up to $1,000,000 for
each former President and up to $500,000 for the spouse
of each former President each fiscal year for security and
travel related expenses: Provided , That under the provisions


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Criminal Law - Offenses | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

set forth in section 3056, paragraph (a), subparagraph
(3) of title 18, United States Code [section 3056(a)(3)
of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure], the former
President and/or spouse was not receiving protection for
a lifetime provided by the United States Secret Service
under section 3056 paragraph (a) subparagraph (3) of
title 18, United States Code; the protection provided by
the United States Secret Service expired at its designated
time; or the protection provided by the United States
Secret Service was declined prior to authorized expiration
in lieu of these funds.
OFFICIAL TERRITORIAL PAPERS
(4 U.S.C. Chapter 5)
Sec.
141. Collection, preparation, and publication.
142. Appointment of experts.
143. Employment and utilization of other personnel; cost
of copy reading and indexing.
144. Cooperation of departments and agencies.145. Printing and distribution.
146. Authorization of appropriations.
§ 141. COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND
PUBLICATION
The Archivist of the United States, hereinafter referred


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

[Page 14]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 5	to in this chapter as the “Archivist”, shall continue to
completion the work of collecting, editing, copying,
and suitably arranging for issuance as a Government
publication, the official papers relating to the Territories
from which States of the United States were formed, in the
national archives, as listed in Parker’s “Calendar of Papers
in Washington Archives Relating to the Territories of the
United States (to 1873)”, being publication numbered
148 of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, together
with such additional papers of like character which may
be found.
§ 142.  APPOINTMENT OF EXPERTS
For the purpose of carrying on the work prescribed by
section 141 of this title, the Archivist, without regard to
the Classification Act of 1949 and the civil service laws
and regulations thereunder, may engage the services,
either in or outside of the District of Columbia, of not to
exceed five historical experts who are especially informed


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

on the various phases of the territorial history of the
United States and are especially qualified for the editorial
work necessary in arranging such territorial papers for
publication.
§ 143. EMPLOYMENT AND UTILIZATION
OF OTHER PERSONNEL; COST OF COPY
READING AND INDEXING
(a) In carrying out his functions under this chapter, the
Archivist may employ such clerical assistants as may be
necessary.
(b) The work of copy reading and index making for the
publication of the papers described in section 141 of this
title shall be done by the regular editorial staff of the Na -
tional Archives and Records Administration, and the cost
of this particular phase of the work (prorated each month
according to the number of hours spent and the annual
salaries of the clerks employed) shall be charged against
the annual appropriations made under section 146 of this
title.
§ 144. COOPERATION OF DEPARTMENTS
AND AGENCIES
The heads of the several executive departments and
independent agencies and establishments shall cooperate


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

with the Archivist in the work prescribed by section 141 of this title by permitting access to any records deemed
by him to be necessary to the completion of such work.
§ 145. PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION
(a) The Director of the Government Publishing Office
shall print and bind each volume of the official papers
relating to the Territories of the United States as provided
for in this chapter, of which—
(1) four hundred and twenty copies shall be deliv -
ered to the Superintendent of Documents, Gov -
ernment Printing Office, for distribution, on the
basis of one copy each, and as directed by the
Archivist, to those historical associations, com -
missions, museums, or libraries and other nonde -
pository libraries, not to exceed eight in number
within each State, Territory, or Possession, which
have been or may be designated by the Governor
thereof to receive such copies;
(2) one hundred copies shall be delivered to the Na -
tional Archives and Records Administration for
the use of that Administration; and


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(3) one hundred copies shall be delivered to the Su -
perintendent of Documents for distribution in
such manner and number as may be authorized
and directed by the Joint Committee on Printing.
(b) The historical associations, commissions, muse -
ums, or libraries and other nondepository libraries with -
in each State, Territory, or Possession which have been
or may be designated by the Governor thereof to receive
the publications referred to in subsection (a) of this sec -
tion, shall, during their existence, receive the succeeding
volumes, the distribution of which shall be made by the
Superintendent of Documents in accordance with lists
of designations transmitted to him by the Archivist. A
new designation may be made to the Archivist by the
Governor only when a designated association, commis -
sion, museum, or library shall cease to exist, or when
authorized by law.
§ 146. AUTHORIZATION OF
APPROPRIATIONS
For the purposes of this chapter, there are authorized to


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: educational
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not
otherwise appropriated, sums of not more than $50,000
for any one fiscal year.
[Page 15]
6 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 7	INSPECTOR GENERAL ACT of 1978
(5 U.S.C. App. 3)
§ 8G. REQUIREMENTS FOR FEDERAL
ENTITIES AND DESIGNATED FEDERAL
ENTITIES
(a) * * *
(1) the term “Federal entity” means any Government
corporation (within the meaning of section 103(1) of title
5, United States Code), any Government controlled cor -
poration (within the meaning of section 103(2) of such
title), or any other entity in the Executive branch of the
Government, or any independent regulatory agency, but
does not include—
(A) an establishment (as defined under section 12(2)
of this Act) or part of an establishment;
(B) a designated Federal entity (as defined under
paragraph (2) of this subsection) or part of a des -
ignated Federal entity;
(C) the Executive Office of the President;
(D) the Central Intelligence Agency;


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(E) the Government Accountability Office; or
(F) any entity in the judicial or legislative branches
of the Government, including the Administrative
Office of the United States Courts and the Archi -
tect of the Capitol and any activities under the
direction of the Architect of the Capitol;
(2) the term “designated Federal entity” means. . . the
National Archives and Records Administration . . .
* * *
(b) No later than 180 days after the date of the enact -
ment of this section [Oct. 18, 1988], there shall be estab -
lished and maintained in each designated Federal entity
an Office of Inspector General. The head of the designat -
ed Federal entity shall transfer to such office the offices,
units, or other components, and the functions, powers,
or duties thereof, that such head determines are properly
related to the functions of the Office of Inspector General
and would, if so transferred, further the purposes of this
section. There shall not be transferred to such office any


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Breach of Contract | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

program operating responsibilities(c) Except as provided under subsection (f) of this
section, the Inspector General shall be appointed by
the head of the designated Federal entity in accordance
with the applicable laws and regulations governing ap -
pointments within the designated Federal entity. Each
Inspector General shall be appointed without regard to
political affiliation and solely on the basis of integrity
and demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, finan -
cial analysis, law, management analysis, public adminis -
tration, or investigations. For purposes of implementing
this section, the Chairman of the Board of Governors
of the Federal Reserve System shall appoint the Inspec -
tor General of the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System and the Bureau of Consumer Financial
Protection. The Inspector General of the Board of Gov -
ernors of the Federal Reserve System and the Bureau of
Consumer Financial Protection shall have all of the au -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Employment Law - Wrongful Dismissal | Sample Type: general_reasoning
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

thorities and responsibilities provided by this Act with
respect to the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection,
as if the Bureau were part of the Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System.
(d)(1) Each Inspector General shall report to and be
under the general supervision of the head of the desig -
nated Federal entity, but shall not report to, or be subject
to supervision by, any other officer or employee of such
designated Federal entity. Except as provided in paragraph
(2), the head of the designated Federal entity shall not
prevent or prohibit the Inspector General from initiating,
carrying out, or completing any audit or investigation, or
from issuing any subpena during the course of any audit
or investigation.
(2)(A) The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with
the Director of National Intelligence, may prohibit the
inspector general of an element of the intelligence com -
munity specified in subparagraph (D) from initiating,
carrying out, or completing any audit or investigation if


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Company Law - Directors Duties | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

the Secretary determines that the prohibition is necessary
to protect vital national security interests of the United
States.
(B) If the Secretary exercises the authority under
subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall submit to
[Page 16]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 7	the committees of Congress specified in subpara -
graph (E) an appropriately classified statement
of the reasons for the exercise of such authority
not later than 7 days after the exercise of such
authority.
(C) At the same time the Secretary submits under
subparagraph (B) a statement on the exercise of
the authority in subparagraph (A) to the commit -
tees of Congress specified in subparagraph (E),
the Secretary shall notify the inspector general of
such element of the submittal of such statement
and, to the extent consistent with the protection
of intelligence sources and methods, provide such
inspector general with a copy of such statement.
Such inspector general may submit to such com -
mittees of Congress any comments on a notice or


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

statement received by the inspector general under
this subparagraph that the inspector general con -
siders appropriate.
(D) The elements of the intelligence community
specified in this subparagraph are as follows:
(i) The Defense Intelligence Agency.
(ii) The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.
(iii) The National Reconnaissance Office.(iv) The National Security Agency.
(E) The committees of Congress specified in this sub -
paragraph are—
(i) the Committee on Armed Services and the Select
Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(ii) the Committee on Armed Services and the Per -
manent Select Committee on Intelligence of the
House of Representatives.
(e)(1) In the case of a designated Federal entity for
which a board or commission is the head of the
designated Federal entity, a removal under this
subsection may only be made upon the written
concurrence of a ⅔ majority of the board or com -
mission.
(2) If an Inspector General is removed from office or is


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Criminal Law - Offenses | Sample Type: conversational
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

transferred to another position or location within a des -
ignated Federal entity, the head of the designated Federal
entity shall communicate in writing the reasons for any
such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not
later than 30 days before the removal or transfer. Nothing
in this subsection shall prohibit a personnel action oth -
erwise authorized by law, other than transfer or removal.
* * *
CONCEALMENT , REMOVAL,
or MUTILATION of RECORDS
(18 U.S.C. § 2071)
(a) Whoever willfully and unlawfully conceals, removes,
mutilates, obliterates, or destroys, or attempts to do so,
or, with intent to do so takes and carries away any record,
proceeding, map, book, paper, document, or other thing,
filed or deposited with any clerk or officer of any court of the
United States, or in any public office, or with any judicial
or public officer of the United States, shall be fined under
this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Criminal Law - Offenses | Sample Type: educational
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

(b) Whoever, having the custody of any such record, proceeding, map, book, document, paper, or other
thing, willfully and unlawfully conceals, removes,
mutilates, obliterates, falsifies, or destroys the same,
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more
than three years, or both; and shall forfeit his office
and be disqualified from holding any office under the
United States. As used in this subsection, the term
“office” does not include the office held by any person
as a retired officer of the Armed Forces of the United
States.
[Page 17]
8 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 9	DISSEMINATION of INFORMATION
WITHIN the UNITED STATES
(22 U.S.C. § 1461-1a)
§ 1461-1A
(a) In general
No funds authorized to be appropriated to the
Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of
Governors shall be used to influence public opinion in the
United States. This section shall apply only to programs
carried out pursuant to the United States Information


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431
et seq.), the United States International Broadcasting Act
of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6201 et seq.), the Radio Broadcasting
to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465 et seq.), and the Television
Broadcasting to Cuba Act (22 U.S.C. 1465aa et seq.).
This section shall not prohibit or delay the Department
of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from
providing information about its operations, policies,
programs, or program material, or making such available,
to the media, public, or Congress, in accordance with
other applicable law.
(b) Rule of construction
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of
Governors from engaging in any medium or form of
communication, either directly or indirectly, because a
United States domestic audience is or may be thereby
exposed to program material, or based on a presumption
of such exposure. Such material may be made available


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

within the United States and disseminated, when
appropriate, pursuant to sections 1462 and 1437 of this
title except that nothing in this section may be construed
to authorize the Department of State or the Broadcasting
Board of Governors to disseminate within the United
States any program material prepared for dissemination
abroad on or before the effective date of section 1078 of
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2013.
(c) Application
The provisions of this section shall apply only to the
Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of
Governors and to no other department or agency of the
Federal Government.
FOREIGN RELATIONS of the
UNITED STATES HISTORICAL SERIES
(22 U.S.C. § 4352)
§ 4352. RESPONSIBILITY FOR PREPARATION
OF FRUS SERIES
(a) In general
(1)(A) The Historian of the Department of State shall
be responsible for the preparation of the FRUS series,
including the selection of records, in accordance with the


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: procedural_guide
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

provisions of this chapter.(B) The Advisory Committee on Historical Diplomatic
Documentation shall review records, and shall
advise and make recommendations to the Historian
concerning all aspects of preparation and publication
of the FRUS series, including, in accordance with the
procedures contained in section 4353 of this title, the
review and selection of records for inclusion in volumes
of the series.
[Page 18]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 9	 (2) Other departments, agencies, and other entities of
the United States Government shall cooperate with the
Office of the Historian by providing full and complete
access to the records pertinent to United States foreign
policy decisions and actions and by providing copies
of selected records in accordance with the procedures
developed under section 4353 of this title, except that
no access to any record, and no provision of any copy
of a record, shall be required in the case of any record
that was prepared less than 26 years before the date of


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

a request for such access or copy made by the Office of
the Historian.(b) National Archives and Records Administration
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter,
the requirement for the National Archives and Records
Administration to provide access to, and copies of,
records to the Department of State for the FRUS series
shall be governed by chapter 21 of Title 44, by any
agreement concluded between the Department of State
and the National Archives and Records Administration,
and, in the case of Presidential records, by section 2204
of such title.
CUSTODY of RECORDS;
OKLAHOMA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
(25 U.S.C. § 199a)
§ 199 a. CUSTODY OF RECORDS; OKLAHOMA
HISTORICAL SOCIETY
Title to records of Indian tribes heretofore placed with the
Oklahoma Historical Society of the State of Oklahoma
by the Secretary of the Interior shall remain vested in
the United States and such records shall be held by the
said society under rules and regulations prescribed by the


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Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

Archivist of the United States: Provided, That copies of
any such records, documents, books, or papers held by
the said society when certified by the secretary or chief
clerk thereof under its seal, or by the officer or person
acting as secretary or chief clerk, shall be evidence equally with the original, and in making such certified copies the
said secretary or acting secretary and the said chief clerk
or acting chief clerk shall be acting as a Federal agent,
and such certified copies shall have the same force and
effect as if made by the Archivist of the United States as
provided in section 2112(b) of Title 44: Provided further,
That whenever such certified copies are desired for official
use by the Federal Government they shall be furnished
without cost: Provided further, That any such records
held by the said society shall be promptly returned to the
government official designated by the Archivist of the
United States upon his request therefor.
INTERNAL REVENUE CODE
(26 U.S.C. § 6103)


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§ 6103 CONFIDENTIALITY AND DISCLOSURE
OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION
***
(l)(17) Disclosure to National Archives and Records
Administration The Secretary shall, upon written request from the
Archivist of the United States, disclose or authorize the
disclosure of returns and return information to officers
and employees of the National Archives and Records
Administration for purposes of, and only to the extent
necessary in, the appraisal of records for destruction or
[Page 20]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 11	dance with the rules governing release of the records
of the House of Congress that provided the records to
the independent counsel.
Subparagraph (B) shall not apply to those records which have been surrendered pursuant to grand jury
or court proceedings.
* * *
CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING and BINDING
(44 U.S.C. Chapter 7)
§ 710. COPIES OF ACTS FURNISHED TO
PUBLIC PRINTER
The Archivist of the United States shall furnish to
the Director of the Government Publishing Office


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Topic: Constitutional Law - Separation of Powers | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

a copy of every Act and joint resolution, as soon as
possible after its approval by the President, or after it
has become a law under the Constitution without his
approval.
§ 711.  PRINTING ACTS, JOINT RESOLUTIONS,
AND TREATIES
The Director of the Government Publishing Office, on
receiving from the Archivist of the United States a copy of
an Act or joint resolution, or from the Secretary of State, a
copy of a treaty, shall print an accurate copy and transmit
it in duplicate to the Archivist of the United States or to
the Secretary of State, as the case may be, for revision. On the return of one of the revised duplicates, he shall make
the marked corrections and print the number specified by
section 709 of this title.
§ 729. UNITED STATES STATUTES AT LARGE:
REFERENCES IN MARGINS
The Archivist of the United States shall include in the
references in margins of the United States
Statutes at Large the number of the bill or joint resolution
(designating S. for Senate bill, H.R. for House bill, S.J.


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Company Law - Directors Duties | Sample Type: legal_news_analysis
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

Res. for Senate joint resolution and H.J. Res. for House
joint resolutions, as the case may be) under which each
Act was approved and became a law, the reference in the
margins to be placed within brackets immediately under
the date of the approval of the Act at the beginning of
each Act as printed beginning with Volume 32 of the
United States Statutes at Large.
FEDERAL REGISTER and the
CODE of FEDERAL REGULATIONS
(44 U.S.C. Chapter 15)
Sec.
1501. Definitions.
1502. Custody and printing of Federal documents; ap -
pointment of Director.
1503. Filing documents with Office; notation of time;
public inspection; transmission for printing.
1504. “Federal Register”; printing; distribution; price.
1505. Documents to be published in Federal Register.1506. Administrative Committee of the Federal Register;
establishment and composition; powers and duties
1507. Filing document as constructive notice; publica -
tion in Federal Register as presumption of validity;
judicial notice; citation.


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Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

1508. Publication in Federal Register as notice of hearing.
1509. Cost of publication; appropriations authorized;
penalty mail privilege.
[Page 21]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | tribution shall be made by delivery or by deposit at a post
oce at a time in the morning of the day of distribution
xed by regulations prescribed under this chapter. e
prices to be charged for the Federal Register may be xed
by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register
established by section 1506 of this title without reference
to the restrictions placed upon and xed for the sale of
Government publications by sections 1705 and 1708 of
this title.
§ 1505.  DOCUMENTS TO BE PUBLISHED IN
FEDERAL REGISTER
(a) Proclamations and Executive Orders; documents
having general applicability and legal eect; documents
required to be published by Congress. ere shall be pub -
lished in the Federal Register—
(1) Presidential proclamations and Executive orders,
except those not having general applicability and legal ef -


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Topic: Company Law - Directors Duties | Sample Type: educational
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

fect or eective only against Federal agencies or persons
in their capacity as ocers, agents, or employees thereof;
(2) documents or classes of documents that the Presi -
dent may determine from time to time have general appli -
cability and legal eect; and
(3) documents or classes of documents that may be re -
quired so to be published by Act of Congress.
For the purposes of this chapter every document or or -
der which prescribes a penalty has general applicability
and legal eect.
(b) Documents authorized to be published by regula -
tions; comments and news items excluded. In addition to
the foregoing there shall also be published in the Federal
Register other documents or classes of documents autho -
rized to be published by regulations prescribed under this
chapter with the approval of the President, but comments
or news items of any character may not be published in the
Federal Register.(c) Suspension of requirements for ling
of documents; alternate systems for promulgating, ling,


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Constitutional Law - Separation of Powers | Sample Type: ethical_reasoning
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

or publishing documents; preservation of originals. In the
event of an attack or threatened attack upon the conti -
nental United States and a determination by the President
that as a result of an attack or threatened attack—
(1) publication of the Federal Register or ling of doc -
uments with the Oce of the Federal Register is imprac -
ticable, or
(2) under existing conditions publication in the Federal Register would not serve to give appropriate notice to the
public of the contents of documents, the President may,
without regard to any other provision of law, suspend all
or part of the requirements of law or regulation for ling
with the Oce or publication in the Federal Register of
documents or classes of documents.
e suspensions shall remain in eect until revoked by
the President, or by concurrent resolution of the Con -
gress. e President shall establish alternate systems for
promulgating, ling, or publishing documents or classes
of documents aected by such suspensions, including re -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Company Law - Shareholder Rights | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

quirements relating to their eectiveness or validity, that
may be considered under the then existing circumstances
practicable to provide public notice of the issuance and of
the contents of the documents. e alternate systems may,
without limitation, provide for the use of regional or spe -
cialized publications or depositories for documents, or of
the press, the radio, or similar mediums of general com -
munication. Compliance with alternate systems of ling
or publication shall have the same eect as ling with the
Oce or publication in the Federal Register under this
chapter or other law or regulation. With respect to docu -
ments promulgated under alternate systems, each agency
shall preserve the original and two duplicate originals or
two certied copies for ling with the Oce when the
President determines that it is practicable.
§ 1506. ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF
THE FEDERAL REGISTER; ESTABLISHMENT
AND COMPOSITION; POWERS AND DUTIES
e Administrative Committee of the Federal Register


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: legal_news_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

shall consist of the Archivist of the United States or Act -
ing Archivist, who shall be chairman, an ocer of the De -
partment of Justice designated by the Attorney General,
and the Director of the Government Publishing Oce
or Acting Director of the Government Publishing Oce.
e Director of the Federal Register shall act as secretary
of the committee. e committee shall prescribe, with
the approval of the President, regulations for carrying out
this chapter. e regulations shall provide, among other
things—
(1) the manner of certication of copies required to be
certied under section 1503 of this title, which certica -
tion may be permitted to be based upon conrmed com -
munications from outside the District of Columbia;
[Page 24]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 15	publication in special or supplemental editions of the
Federal Register of complete codifications of the docu -
ments of each agency of the Government having general
applicability and legal effect, issued or promulgated by the


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Tort Law - Nuisance | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

agency by publication in the Federal Register or by filing
with the Administrative Committee, and are relied upon
by the agency as authority for, or are invoked or used by
it in the discharge of, its activities or functions, and are in
effect as to facts arising on or after dates specified by the
Administrative Committee.
(b) A codification published under subsection (a) of
this section shall be printed and bound in permanent
form and shall be designated as the “Code of Federal
Regulations.” The Administrative Committee shall regu -
late the binding of the printed codifications into separate
books with a view to practical usefulness and economical
manufacture. Each book shall contain an explanation of
its coverage and other aids to users that the Administra -
tive Committee may require. A general index to the entire
Code of Federal Regulations shall be separately printed
and bound.
(c) The Administrative Committee shall regulate the
supplementation and the collation and republication of


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Company Law - Insolvency | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

the printed codifications with a view to keeping the Code
of Federal Regulations as current as practicable. Each book shall be either supplemented or collated and repub -
lished at least once each calendar year.
(d) The Office of the Federal Register shall prepare and
publish the codifications, supplements, collations, and in -
dexes authorized by this section.
(e) The codified documents of the several agencies pub -
lished in the supplemental edition of the
Federal Register under this section, as amended by doc -
uments subsequently filed with the Office and published
in the daily issues of the Federal Register, shall be prima
facie evidence of the text of the documents and of the fact
that they are in effect on and after the date of publication.
(f) The Administrative Committee shall prescribe, with
the approval of the President, regulations for carrying out
this section.
(g) This section does not require codification of the
text of Presidential documents published and periodically


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

compiled in supplements to Title 3 of the Code of Federal
Regulations.
§ 1511. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
EXCLUDED FROM PROVISIONS OF CHAPTER
This chapter does not apply to treaties, conventions,
protocols, and other international agreements, or procla -
mations thereof by the President.
DISTRIBUTION and SALE of PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
(44 U.S.C. § 1714)
§ 1714. PUBLICATIONS FOR USE OF
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS
ADMINISTRATION
The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall
print and deliver to the National Archives and Records
Administration for use by the Archivist of the United
States, including use by the Presidential Library estab -
lished for the President during whose term the documents
were issued, which shall be chargeable to Congress three
copies each of the following publications:
House documents and public reports, bound;
Senate documents and public reports, bound;
Senate and House journals, bound;United States Code and Supplements, bound;
United States Statutes at Large, bound;


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Employment Law - Wrongful Dismissal | Sample Type: legal_news_analysis
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

the United States Reports, bound;
all other documents bearing a congressional number, or
printed upon order of a committee in either House of
Congress, or of a department, independent agency or es -
tablishment, commission, or officer of the Government,
except confidential matter, blank forms, and circular let -
ters not of a public character; and public bills and resolu -
tions in Congress in each parliamentary stage.
The Superintendent of Documents shall furnish, with -
out cost, copies of publications available for free distri -
bution.
[Page 25]
16 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 17	NATIONAL ARCHIVES and RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
(44 U.S.C. Chapter 21)
Sec.
2101. Definitions.
2102. Establishment.
2103. Officers.
2104. Administrative provisions.
2105. Personnel and services.
2106. Reports to Congress.
2107. Acceptance of Records for historical preservation.
2107  note. President John F . Kennedy Assassination Re -
cords Collection Act.


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Employment Law - Discrimination | Sample Type: case_study
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

2107  note. Establishment of National Database for Re -
cords of Servitude, Emancipation, and Post-Civil
War Reconstruction
2108. Responsibility for custody, use, and withdrawal of
records.
2108  note. Procedures to Prevent Unauthorized Remov -
al of Classified Records from National Archives.
2109. Preservation, arrangement, duplication, exhibition
of records.
2110. Servicing records.
2111. Material accepted for deposit.
2111  note. Presidential Recordings and Materials Pres -
ervation Act.
2112. Presidential archival depository.
2113. Depository for agreements between states.
2114. Preservation of motion-picture films, still pictures,
and sound recordings.
2115. Reports; correction of violations.
2116. Legal status of reproductions; official seal; fees for
copies and reproductions.
2117. Limitation on liability.
2118. Records of Congress.
2119. Cooperative agreements.
§ 2101. DEFINITIONS
As used in this chapter—
(1) “Presidential archival depository” means an institu -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
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Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

tion operated by the United States to house and preserve
the papers and books of a President or former President of
the United States, together with other historical materials
belonging to a President or former President of the Unit -ed States, or related to his papers or to the events of his
official or personal life, and may include research facilities
and museum facilities in accordance with this chapter;
(2) “historical materials” including books, correspon -
dence, documents, papers, pamphlets, works of art, mod -
els, pictures, photographs, plats, maps, films, motion
pictures, sound recordings, and other objects or materials
having historical or commemorative value;
(3) “Archivist” means the Archivist of the United States
appointed under section 2103 of this title; and
(4) “Administration” means the National Archives and
Records Administration established under section 2102
of this title.
§ 2102. ESTABLISHMENT
There shall be an independent establishment in the ex -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Company Law - Directors Duties | Sample Type: hypothetical
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

ecutive branch of the Government to be known as the
National Archives and Records Administration. The Ad -
ministration shall be administered under the supervision
and direction of the Archivist.
T ransfer of Functions, Personnel, Assets, Liabilities, Con -
tracts, Property, Records, and Unexpended Balances, Etc.
44 U.S.C. § 2102 NOTES
Transfer of Functions. Section 103 of Pub. L. 98-497 pro -
vides that:
Sec. 103. (a) The National Archives and Records Ser -
vice of the General Services Administration is transferred
to the National Archives and Records Administration.
(b)(1) All functions which were assigned to the Admin -
istrator of General Services by section 6 of Executive Or -
der No. 10530 of May 11, 1954 (19 Fed. Reg. 2709 [set
out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President],
relating to documents and the Administrative Committee
of the Federal Register), and by Executive Order Num -
bered 11440 of December 11, 1968 (33 Fed. Reg. 18475


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

[set out as a note under section 2109 of this title]; relat -
ing to supplemental use of Federal exhibits and displays),
shall be exercised by the Archivist of the United States.
(2) All functions pertaining to the maintenance, oper -
ation, and protection of a Presidential archival deposito -
[Page 26]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 17	ry which were assigned to the Administrator of General
Services by the Act of September 6, 1965 (Public Law
89-169, 79 Stat. 648) [set out as a note under section
2112 of this title], relating to the Lyndon Baines Johnson
Presidential Archival Depository, and by the Act of Au -
gust 27, 1966 (Public Law 89-547, 80 Stat. 370) [set out
as a note under section 2112 of this title], and the Act of
May 26, 1977 (Public Law 95-34, 91 Stat. 174), relating
to the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, shall be exercised
by the Archivist of the United States.
(c) In the exercise of the functions transferred by this
Act [Pub. L. 98-497, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2280], and


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

the amendments made by this Act [Pub. L. 98- 497, Oct.
19, 1984, 98 Stat.2280], the Archivist shall have the same
authority as had the Administrator of General Services
prior to the transfer of such functions, and the actions of
the Archivist shall have the same force and effect as when
exercised by such Administrator.
(d) Prior to the appointment and confirmation of an
individual to serve as Archivist of the United States under
section 2103 of title 44, United States Code, the individ -
ual holding the office of Archivist of the United States on
the day before the effective date of this Act [Apr. 1, 1985]
may serve as Archivist under such section, and while so
serving shall be compensated at the rate provided under
subsection (b) of such section.
Transfer of Personnel. Section 104 of Pub. L. 98-497 pro -
vides that:
Sec. 104. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this Act
[Pub. L. 98-497], the personnel employed in connec -
tion with, and the assets, liabilities, contracts, property,


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, au -
thorizations, allocations, and other funds employed, held,
used, arising from, available to or to be made available in
connection with the functions and agencies transferred by
this Act and the amendments made by this Act [Pub. L.
98-497], subject to section 1531 of title 31, United States
Code, are transferred to the Archivist for appropriate allo -
cation. Pursuant to the preceding sentence, there shall be
transferred to the Archivist for appropriate allocation (1)
for the remainder of fiscal year 1985, an amount equal to
not less than $2,760,000 (adjusted to reflect actual sala -
ries and benefits of transferred employees and other costs)
from the unexpended balances of the fiscal year 1985
funds and appropriations available to the General Services Administration, and (2) 115.5 full-time equivalent em -
ployee positions, of which not less than 30 percent shall
be vacant. Unexpended funds transferred pursuant to this


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: client_interaction
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

subsection shall be used only for the purposes for which
the funds were originally authorized and appropriated.
(b) The transfer pursuant to this title [title I (sections
101-108) of Pub. L. 98-497] of full-time personnel (ex -
cept special Government employees) and part- time per -
sonnel holding permanent positions shall not cause any
such employees to be separated or reduced in grade or
compensation for one year after such transfer or after the
effective date of this Act [Apr. 1, 1985], whichever is later.
Savings Provisions. Section 105 of Pub. L. 98-497 provides that:
Sec. 105.
(a) All orders, determinations, rules, regulations,
grants, contracts, agreements, permits, licenses, privileges,
and other actions which have been issued, granted, made,
undertaken, or entered into in the performance of any
function transferred by this Act [Pub. L. 98-497] or the
amendments made by this Act [Pub. L. 98-497] shall con -
tinue in effect according to their terms until modified, ter -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: general_reasoning
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

minated, superseded, set aside, or revoked in accordance
with law by any authorized official, a court of competent
jurisdiction, or by operation of law.
(b)(1) The transfer of functions by this Act [Pub. L.
98-497] and by the amendments made by this Act [Pub.
L. 98-497] shall not affect any proceedings, including
notices of proposed rulemaking, or any application for
any license, permit, certificate, or financial assistance
pending on the effective date of this Act [Apr. 1, 1985]
before the General Services Administration; but such pro -
ceedings and applications, to the extent that they relate
to the functions so transferred, shall be continued. Or -
ders shall be issued in such proceedings, appeals shall be
taken therefrom, and payments shall be made pursuant
to such orders, as if this Act had not been enacted; and
orders issued in any such proceedings shall continue in
effect until modified, terminated, superseded, or revoked
by the Archivist, by a court of competent jurisdiction, or


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

by operation of law. Nothing in this subsection shall be
deemed to prohibit the discontinuance or modification of
any such proceeding under the same terms and conditions
and to the same extent that such proceeding could have
been discontinued or modified if this Act had not been
enacted.
[Page 27]
18 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 19	(2) The Archivist is authorized to promulgate regula -
tions providing for the orderly transfer of proceedings
continued under paragraph (1) from the General Services
Administration to the Administration.
(c) Except as provided in subsection (e) [of this sec -
tion]—
(1) the provisions of this Act [Pub. L. 98-497] and of
the amendments made by this Act [Pub. L. 98-497]
shall not affect actions commenced prior to the effec -
tive date of this Act [Apr. 1, 1985], and
(2) in all such actions, proceedings shall be had, appeals
taken, and judgments rendered in the same manner
and effect as if this Act [Pub. L. 98- 497] had not been
enacted.


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Remedies | Sample Type: general_reasoning
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

(d) No action or other proceeding lawfully commenced
by or against any officer of the United States acting in the
official capacity of such officer shall abate by reason of any
transfer of functions by this Act [Pub. L. 98-497] or by
an amendment made by this Act [Pub. L. 98-497]. No
cause of action by or against the General Services Admin -
istration or by or against any officer thereof in the official
capacity of such officer shall abate by reason of any such
transfer of functions.
(e) If, before the date on which this Act takes effect
[Apr. 1, 1985], the General Services Administration or
any officer thereof in the official capacity of such officer, is
a party to an action, and under this Act [Pub. L. 98-497]
or the amendments made by this Act [Pub. L. 98-497]
any function in connection with such action is transferred
to the Archivist or any other official of the Administra -
tion, then such action shall be continued with the Ar -
chivist or other appropriate official of the Administration


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Tort Law - Occupiers Liability | Sample Type: statutory_interpretation
Difficulty: basic | Document Type: educational

substituted or added as a party.
(f) Orders and actions of the Archivist in the exercise
of functions transferred by this Act [Pub. L. 98-497] or
by amendments made by this Act [Pub. L. 98-497] shall
be subject to judicial review to the same extent and in the
same manner as if such orders and actions had been by
the individual holding the office of Archivist of the Unit -
ed States on the day before the effective date of this Act
[Apr. 1, 1985] or the Administrator of General Services
in the exercise of such functions immediately preceding
their transfer. Any statutory requirements relating to no -
tice, hearings, action upon the record, or administrative
review that apply to any function transferred by this Act
[Pub. L. 98-497] or by any amendment made by this Act [Pub. L. 98-497] shall apply to the exercise of such func -
tion by the Archivist.
Reference. Section 106 of Pub. L. 98-497 provides that:
With respect to any functions transferred by this Act


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: procedural_guide
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

[Pub. L. 98-497] or by an amendment made by this Act
[Pub. L. 98-497] and exercised after the effective date of
this Act [Apr. 1, 1985], reference in any other Federal law
to the office of the Archivist of the United States as in
existence on the date before the effective date of this Act
[Apr. 1, 1985], or the National Archives and Records Ser -
vice of the General Services Administration, or any office
or officer thereof, shall be deemed to refer to the Archivist
or the Administration.
Definitions. Section 108 of Pub. L. 98-497 provides that:
For purposes of sections 103 through 106 [set out as notes
under this section]—
(1) the term ‘Archivist’ means the Archivist of the Unit -
ed States appointed under section 2103 of title 44, Unit -
ed States Code, as added by section 102(a)(2) of this Act
[sections 2103-2106 of this title];
(2) the term ‘Administration’ means the National Ar -
chives and Records Administration established under sec -
tion 2102 of such title (as amended by section 101 of this


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: procedural_guide
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

Act [this section]); and
(3) the term ‘function’ includes any duty, obligation, power,
authority, responsibility, right, privilege, activity, or program.
Establishment of Positions of Director of the Center for Leg -
islative Archives and Specialist in Congressional History;
Compensation of Director; Administrative Expenses of Advi -
sory Committee on the Records of Congress; Authorization of
Appropriations. Pub. L. 101-509, Title IV, § 1(a)-(c), Nov.
5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1416, as amended Pub. L. 103-329, Ti -
tle V, § 541, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2415, provides that:
(a)(1) The Director of the Center for Legislative Ar -
chives within the National Archives and Records Admin -
istration shall be established without regard to chapter 51
of title 5 and shall be paid at a rate determined without
regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III
of chapter 53 of title 5 governing General Schedule clas -
sification and pay rates: Provided, That such pay shall be


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

no less than 120 percent of the rate of pay for GS-15, step
1 of the General Schedule nor more than the rate of pay
in effect for level one of the Senior Executive Schedule.
[Page 28]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 19	(2) There is established within the Center for Legisla -
tive Archives within the National Archives and Records
Administration the position of Specialist in Congressional
History.
(b) There shall be made available from funds appro -
priated in each fiscal year to the National Archives and
Records Administration, $20,000 for the administrative
expenses of the Advisory Committee on the Records of
Congress established under section 2701 of title 44, Unit -
ed States Code.
(c) There are authorized to be appropriated such sums
as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of subsec -
tions (a) and (b) of this section.
Spending Authority. Section 302 of Pub. L. 98-497 provides
that:
Any new spending authority (within the meaning of sec -
tion 401 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [sec -


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Topic: Employment Law - Wrongful Dismissal | Sample Type: hypothetical
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

tion 651 of Title 2, The Congress]) which is provided
under this Act [Pub. L. 98-497] shall be effective for any
fiscal year only to the extent or in such amounts as provid -
ed in appropriations Acts.
(End of Note)
§ 2103.  OFFICERS
(a) The Archivist of the United States shall be appoint -
ed by the President by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate. The Archivist shall be appointed without
regard to political affiliations and solely on the basis of
the professional qualifications required to perform the
duties and responsibilities of the office of Archivist. The
Archivist may be removed from office by the President.
The President shall communicate the reasons for any such
removal to each House of the Congress.
(b) The Archivist shall be compensated at the rate pro -
vided for level III of the Executive Schedule under section
5314 of title 5.
(c) There shall be in the Administration a Deputy Ar -
chivist of the United States, who shall be appointed by


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Employment Law - Wrongful Dismissal | Sample Type: case_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

and who shall serve at the pleasure of the Archivist. The
Deputy Archivist shall be established as a career reserved
position in the Senior Executive Service within the mean -
ing of section 3132(a)(8) of title 5. The Deputy Archivist
shall perform such functions as the Archivist shall desig -
nate. During any absence or disability of the Archivist, the Deputy Archivist shall act as Archivist. In the event of
a vacancy in the office of the Archivist, the Deputy Archi -
vist shall act as Archivist until an Archivist is appointed
under subsection (a).
§ 2104. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
(a) The Archivist shall prescribe such regulations as the
Archivist deems necessary to effectuate the functions of
the Archivist, and the head of each executive agency shall
cause to be issued such orders and directives as such agen -
cy head deems necessary to carry out such regulations.
(b) Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, the
Archivist may delegate any of the functions of the Archi -


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Company Law - Directors Duties | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

vist to such officers and employees of the Administration
as the Archivist may designate, and may authorize such
successive redelegations of such functions as the Archivist
may deem to be necessary or appropriate. A delegation of
functions by the Archivist shall not relieve the Archivist
of responsibility for the administration of such functions.
(c) The Archivist may organize the Administration as
the Archivist finds necessary or appropriate.
(d) The Archivist is authorized to establish, maintain,
alter, or discontinue such regional, local, or other field of -
fices as the Archivist finds necessary or appropriate to per -
form the functions of the Archivist or the Administration.
(e) The Archivist shall cause a seal of office to be made
for the Administration of such design as the Archivist
shall approve. Judicial notice shall be taken of such seal.
(f) The Archivist may establish advisory committees to
provide advice with respect to any function of the Archi -


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

vist or the Administration. Members of any such commit -
tee shall serve without compensation but shall be entitled
to transportation expenses and per diem in lieu of subsis -
tence in accordance with section 5703 of title 5.
(g) The Archivist shall advise and consult with interest -
ed Federal agencies with a view to obtaining their advice
and assistance in carrying out the purposes of this chapter.
(h) If authorized by the Archivist, officers and employ -
ees of the Administration having investigatory functions
are empowered, while engaged in the performance of their
duties in conducting investigations, to administer oaths.
§ 2105. PERSONNEL AND SERVICES
(a) (1) The Archivist is authorized to select, appoint,
employ, and fix the compensation of such officers and
employees, pursuant to part III of title 5, as are necessary
[Page 29]
20 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 21	to perform the functions of the Archivist and the Admin -
istration.


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
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Topic: Employment Law - Employment Contracts | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Archivist is au -
thorized to appoint, subject to consultation requirements
set forth in paragraph (f)(2) of section 2203 of this ti -
tle, a director at each Presidential archival depository es -
tablished under section 2112 of this title. The Archivist
may appoint a director without regard to subchapter I
and subchapter VIII of chapter 33 of Title 5, governing
appointments in the competitive service and the Senior
Executive Service. A director so appointed shall be re -
sponsible for the care and preservation of the Presidential
records and historical materials deposited in a Presiden -
tial archival depository, shall serve at the pleasure of the
Archivist and shall perform such other functions as the
Archivist may specify.
(b) The Archivist is authorized to obtain the services
of experts and consultants under section 3109 of title 5.
(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 973 of
title 10 or any other provision of law, the Archivist, in


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Contract Law - Formation | Sample Type: legal_news_analysis
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

carrying out the functions of the Archivist or the Admin -
istration, is authorized to utilize in the Administration
the services of officials, officers, and other personnel in
other Federal agencies, including personnel of the armed
services, with the consent of the head of the agency con -
cerned.
(d) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, United
States Code, the Archivist is authorized to accept and uti -
lize voluntary and uncompensated services.
§ 2106. REPORTS TO CONGRESS
The Archivist shall submit to the Congress, in January of
each year and at such other times as the Archivist finds
appropriate, a report concerning the administration of
functions of the Archivist, the Administration, the Na -
tional Historical Publications and Records Commission,
and the National Archives T rust Fund. Such report shall
describe—
(1) program administration and expenditures of funds,
both appropriated and nonappropriated, by the Adminis -
tration, the Commission, and the T rust Fund Board;


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Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Real Property | Sample Type: comparative_analysis
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

(2) research projects and publications undertaken by
Commission grantees, and by T rust Fund grantees, in -
cluding detailed information concerning the receipt and
use of all appropriated and nonappropriated funds;
(3) by account, the moneys, securities, and other per -sonal property received and held by the National Archives
T rust Fund Board, and of its operations, including a list -
ing of the purposes for which funds are transferred to the
National Archives and Records Administration for expen -
diture to other Federal agencies; and
(4) the matters specified in section 2904(c)(8) of this
title.
§ 2107. ACCEPTANCE OF RECORDS FOR
HISTORICAL PRESERVATION
(a) In general.—When it appears to the Archivist to be
in the public interest, the Archivist may—
(1) accept for deposit with the National Archives of the
United States the records of a Federal agency, the Con -
gress, the Architect of the Capitol, or the Supreme Court
determined by the Archivist of the United States to have


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sufficient historical or other value to warrant their contin -
ued preservation by the United States Government;
(2) direct and effect the transfer to the National Ar -
chives of the United States of records of a Federal agen -
cy that have been in existence for more than thirty years
and determined by the Archivist of the United States to
have sufficient historical or other value to warrant their
continued preservation by the United States Government,
unless the head of the agency which has custody of them
certifies in writing to the Archivist that they must be re -
tained in his custody for use in the conduct of the regular
current business of the agency;
(3) direct and effect, with the approval of the head of
the originating agency, or if the existence of the agency
has been terminated, then with the approval of the head
of that agency’s successor in function, if any, the trans -
fer of records deposited or approved for deposit with the
National Archives of the United States to public or edu -


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cational institutions or associations; title to the records to
remain vested in the United States unless otherwise au -
thorized by Congress; and
(4) transfer materials from private sources authorized to
be received by the Archivist by section 2111 of this title.
(b) Early transfer of records.—The Archivist—
(1) in consultation with the head of the originating
Federal agency, is authorized to accept a copy of the
records described in subsection (a)(2) that have been in
existence for less than thirty years; and
(2) may not disclose any such records until the
expiration of—
[Page 30]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 21	(A) the thirty-year period described in paragraph (1);
(B) any longer period established by the Archivist by
order; or
(C) any shorter period agreed to by the originating
Federal agency.
44 U.S.C. § 2107 NOTE PRESIDENT JOHN F .
KENNEDY ASSASSINATION RECORDS COLLEC -
TION ACT
Sec. 1. Short Title
This Act may be cited as the ‘President John F . Kennedy
Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992’.


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Sec. 2. Findings, declarations, and purposes
(a) Findings and declarations.—The Congress finds and
declares that—
(1) all Government records related to the assassination
of President John F . Kennedy should be preserved for his -
torical and governmental purposes;
(2) all Government records concerning the assassina -
tion of President John F . Kennedy should carry a pre -
sumption of immediate disclosure, and all records should
be eventually disclosed to enable the public to become
fully informed about the history surrounding the assas -
sination;
(3) legislation is necessary to create an enforceable, in -
dependent, and accountable process for the public disclo -
sure of such records;
(4) legislation is necessary because congressional records
related to the assassination of President John F . Kennedy
would not otherwise be subject to public disclosure until
at least the year 2029;
(5) legislation is necessary because the Freedom of In -
formation Act, as implemented by the executive branch,


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has prevented the timely public disclosure of records re -
lating to the assassination of President John F . Kennedy;
(6) legislation is necessary because Executive Order
No. 12356, entitled ‘National Security Information’ has
eliminated the declassification and downgrading sched -
ules relating to classified information across government
and has prevented the timely public disclosure of records
relating to the assassination of President John F . Kenne -
dy; and
(7) most of the records related to the assassination of
President John F . Kennedy are almost 30 years old, and only in the rarest cases is there any legitimate need for
continued protection of such records.
(b) Purposes.—The purposes of this Act are—
(1) to provide for the creation of the President John F .
Kennedy Assassination Records Collection at the Nation -
al Archives and Records Administration; and
(2) to require the expeditious public transmission to the
Archivist and public disclosure of such records.
Sec. 3. Definitions
In this Act:


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(1) ‘Archivist’ means the Archivist of the United States.
(2) ‘Assassination record’ means a record that is related to
the assassination of President John F . Kennedy, that was
created or made available for use by, obtained by, or oth -
erwise came into the possession of—
(A) the Commission to Investigate the Assassination of
President John F . Kennedy (the ‘Warren Commission’);
(B) the Commission on Central Intelligence Agen -
cy Activities Within the United States (the ‘Rockefeller
Commission’);
(C) the Senate Select Committee to Study Governmen -
tal Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (the
‘Church Committee’);
(D) the Select Committee on Intelligence (the ‘Pike
Committee’) of the House of Representatives;
(E) the Select Committee on Assassinations (the ‘House
Assassinations Committee’) of the House of Representa -
tives;
(F) the Library of Congress;
(G) the National Archives and Records Administration;
(H) any Presidential library;
(I) any Executive agency;
(J) any independent agency;


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(K) any other office of the Federal Government; and
(L) any State or local law enforcement office that pro -
vided support or assistance or performed work in connec -
tion with a Federal inquiry into the assassination of Pres -
ident John F . Kennedy, but does not include the autopsy
records donated by the Kennedy family to the National
Archives pursuant to a deed of gift regulating access to
those records, or copies and reproductions made from
such records.
(3) ‘Collection’ means the President John F . Kennedy As -
sassination Records Collection established under section 4.
[Page 31]
22 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 23	(4) ‘Executive agency’ means an Executive agency as de -
fined in subsection 552(f) of title 5, United States Code,
and includes any Executive department, military depart -
ment, Government corporation, Government controlled
corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch
of the Government, including the Executive Office of the


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President, or any independent regulatory agency.
(5) ‘Government office’ means any office of the Federal
Government that has possession or control of assassina -
tion records, including—
(A) the House Committee on Administration with re -
gard to the Select Committee on Assassinations of the re -
cords of the House of Representatives;
(B) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate
with regard to records of the Senate Select Committee to
Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelli -
gence Activities and other assassination records;
(C) the Library of Congress;
(D) the National Archives as custodian of assassination
records that it has obtained or possesses, including the
Commission to Investigate the Assassination of President
John F . Kennedy and the Commission on Central Intelli -
gence Agency Activities in the United States; and
(E) any other executive branch office or agency, and any
independent agency.
(6) ‘Identification aid’ means the written description pre -


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pared for each record as required in section 4.
(7) ‘National Archives’ means the National Archives and
Records Administration and all components thereof, in -
cluding Presidential archival depositories established un -
der section 2112 of title 44, United States Code.
(8) ‘Official investigation’ means the reviews of the assas -
sination of President John F . Kennedy conducted by any
Presidential commission, any authorized congressional com -
mittee, and any Government agency either independently, at
the request of any Presidential commission or congressional
committee, or at the request of any Government official.
(9) ‘Originating body’ means the Executive agency, gov -
ernment commission, congressional committee, or other
governmental entity that created a record or particular in -
formation within a record.
(10) ‘Public interest’ means the compelling interest in the
prompt public disclosure of assassination records for his -
torical and governmental purposes and for the purpose of


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fully informing the American people about the history sur -
rounding the assassination of President John F . Kennedy.(11) ‘Record’ includes a book, paper, map, photograph,
sound or video recording, machine readable material, com -
puterized, digitized, or electronic information, regardless of
the medium on which it is stored, or other documentary
material, regardless of its physical form or characteristics.
(12) ‘Review Board’ means the Assassination Records Re -
view Board established by section 7.
(13) ‘Third agency’ means a Government agency that orig -
inated an assassination record that is in the possession of
another agency.
Sec. 4. President John F . Kennedy Assassination Records
Collection at the National Archives and Records Admin -
istration
(a) In General.—(1) Not later than 60 days after the date
of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1992], the National
Archives and Records Administration shall commence es -
tablishment of a collection of records to be known as the


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President John F . Kennedy Assassination Records Collec -
tion. In so doing, the Archivist shall ensure the physical
integrity and original provenance of all records. The Col -
lection shall consist of record copies of all Government
records relating to the assassination of President John F .
Kennedy, which shall be transmitted to the National Ar -
chives in accordance with section 2107 of title 44, United
States Code [this section]. The Archivist shall prepare and
publish a subject guidebook and index to the collection.
(2) The Collection shall include—
(A) all assassination records—
(i) that have been transmitted to the National Ar -
chives or disclosed to the public in an unredacted form
prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26
1992];
(ii) that are required to be transmitted to the Nation -
al Archives; or
(iii) the disclosure of which is postponed under this
Act;
(B) a central directory comprised of identification aids
created for each record transmitted to the Archivist under


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section 5; and
(C) all Review Board records as required by this Act.
(b) Disclosure of records.—All assassination records
transmitted to the National Archives for disclosure to the
public shall be included in the Collection and shall be
available to the public for inspection and copying at the
[Page 32]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 23	National Archives within 30 days after their transmission
to the National Archives.
(c) Fees for copying.—The Archivist shall—
(1) charge fees for copying assassination records; and
(2) grant waivers of such fees pursuant to the standards
established by section 552(a)(4) of title 5, United States
Code.
(d) Additional requirements.—(1) The Collection shall be
preserved, protected, archived, and made available to the
public at the National Archives using appropriations au -
thorized, specified, and restricted for use under the terms
of this Act.
(2) The National Archives, in consultation with the Infor -
mation Security Oversight Office, shall ensure the security


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of the postponed assassination records in the Collection.
(e) Oversight.—The Committee on Government Opera -
tions of the House of Representatives and the Committee
on Governmental Affairs of the Senate shall have continu -
ing oversight jurisdiction with respect to the Collection.
Sec. 5. Review, identification, transmission to the Nation -
al Archives, and public disclosure of assassination records
by government offices.
(a) In general.—(1) As soon as practicable after the date of
enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1992], each Government
office shall identify and organize its records relating to the
assassination of President John F . Kennedy and prepare
them for transmission to the Archivist for inclusion in the
Collection.
(2) No assassination record shall be destroyed, altered, or
mutilated in any way.
(3) No assassination record made available or disclosed to
the public prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct.
26, 1992] may be withheld, redacted, postponed for pub -


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lic disclosure, or reclassified.
(4) No assassination record created by a person or entity
outside government (excluding names or identities consis -
tent with the requirements of section 6) shall be withheld,
redacted, postponed for public disclosure, or reclassified.
(b) Custody of assassination records pending review.—
During the review by Government offices and pending
review activity by the Review Board, each Government
office shall retain custody of its assassination records for
purposes of preservation, security, and efficiency, unless—
(1) the Review Board requires the physical transfer of records for purposes of conducting an independent and
impartial review;
(2) transfer is necessary for an administrative hearing or
other Review Board function; or
(3) it is a third agency record described in subsection (c)
(2)(C).
(c) Review.—(1) Not later than 300 days after the date of
enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1992], each Government
office shall review, identify and organize each assassina -


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tion record in its custody or possession for disclosure to
the public, review by the Review Board, and transmission
to the Archivist.
(2) In carrying out paragraph (1), a Government office shall—
(A) determine which of its records are assassination re -
cords;
(B) determine which of its assassination records have
been officially disclosed or publicly available in a com -
plete and unredacted form;
(C)(i) determine which of its assassination records, or
particular information contained in such a record, was
created by a third agency or by another Government
office; and
(ii) transmit to a third agency or other Government
office those records, or particular information con -
tained in those records, or complete and accurate copies
thereof;
(D)(i) determine whether its assassination records or
particular information in assassination records are cov -
ered by the standards for postponement of public dis -
closure under this Act; and
(ii) specify on the identification aid required by sub -


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section (d) the applicable postponement provision con -
tained in section 6;
(E) organize and make available to the Review Board all
assassination records identified under subparagraph (D)
the public disclosure of which in whole or in part may be
postponed under this Act;
(F) organize and make available to the Review Board
any record concerning which the office has any uncer -
tainty as to whether the record is an assassination record
governed by this Act;
(G) give priority to—
(i) the identification, review, and transmission of all
assassination records publicly available or disclosed as
of the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1992] in
a redacted or edited form; and
[Page 33]
24 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 25	(ii) the identification, review, and transmission, un -
der the standards for postponement set forth in this Act,
of assassination records that on the date of enactment
of this Act [Oct. 26, 1992] are the subject of litigation


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under section 552 of title 5, United States Code; and
(H) make available to the Review Board any additional
information and records that the Review Board has reason
to believe it requires for conducting a review under this Act.
(3) The Director of each archival depository established
under section 2112 of title 44, United States Code, shall
have as a priority the expedited review for public disclo -
sure of assassination records in the possession and custody
of the depository, and shall make such records available to
the Review Board as required by this Act.
(d) Identification aids.—(1)(A) Not later than 45 days
after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1992],
the Archivist, in consultation with the appropriate Gov -
ernment offices, shall prepare and make available to all
Government offices a standard form of identification or
finding aid for use with each assassination record subject
to review under this Act.
(B) The Archivist shall ensure that the identification aid


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program is established in such a manner as to result in
the creation of a uniform system of electronic records by
Government offices that are compatible with each other.
(2) Upon completion of an identification aid, a
Government office shall—
(A) attach a printed copy to the record it describes;
(B) transmit to the Review Board a printed copy; and
(C) attach a printed copy to each assassination record it
describes when it is transmitted to the Archivist.
(3) Assassination records which are in the possession of
the National Archives on the date of enactment of this Act
[Oct. 26, 1992], and which have been publicly available
in their entirety without redaction, shall be made available
in the Collection without any additional review by the
Review Board or another authorized office under this Act,
and shall not be required to have such an identification
aid unless required by the Archivist.
(e) T ransmission to the National Archives.—Each Gov -
ernment office shall—


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(1) transmit to the Archivist, and make immediately avail -
able to the public, all assassination records that can be public -
ly disclosed, including those that are publicly available on the
date of enactment of this Act, without any redaction, adjust -
ment, or withholding under the standards of this Act; and(2) transmit to the Archivist upon approval for postpone -
ment by the Review Board or upon completion of other
action authorized by this Act, all assassination records the
public disclosure of which has been postponed, in whole
or in part, under the standards of this Act, to become part
of the protected Collection.
(f) Custody of postponed assassination records.—An as -
sassination record the public disclosure of which has been
postponed shall, pending transmission to the Archivist, be
held for reasons of security and preservation by the orig -
inating body until such time as the information security
program has been established at the National Archives as
required in section 4(e)(2).


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(g) Periodic review of postponed assassination records.—
(1) All postponed or redacted records shall be reviewed
periodically by the originating agency and the Archivist
consistent with the recommendations of the Review
Board under section 9(c)(3)(B).—
(2)(A) A periodic review shall address the public disclo -
sure of additional assassination records in the Collection
under the standards of this Act.
(B) All postponed assassination records determined to
require continued postponement shall require an unclas -
sified written description of the reason for such continued
postponement. Such description shall be provided to the
Archivist and published in the Federal Register upon de -
termination.
(C) The periodic review of postponed assassination
records shall serve to downgrade and declassify securi -
ty-classified information.
(D) Each assassination record shall be publicly disclosed
in full, and available in the Collection no later than the
date that is 25 years after the date of enactment of this Act


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[Oct. 26, 1992], unless the President certifies, as required
by this Act, that—
(i) continued postponement is made necessary by an
identifiable harm to the military defense, intelligence
operations, law enforcement, or conduct of foreign re -
lations; and
(ii) the identifiable harm is of such gravity that it out -
weighs the public interest in disclosure.
(h) Fees for copying.—Executive branch agencies shall—
(1) charge fees for copying assassination records; and
(2) grant waivers of such fees pursuant to the standards
established by section 552(a)(4) of title 5, United States
Code.
[Page 34]
BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 25	Sec. 6. Grounds for postponement of public disclosure
of records
Disclosure of assassination records or particular informa -
tion in assassination records to the public may be post -
poned subject to the limitations of this Act if there is clear
and convincing evidence that—
(1) the threat to the military defense, intelligence opera -


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tions, or conduct of foreign relations of the United States
posed by the public disclosure of the assassination record
is of such gravity that it outweighs the public interest, and
such public disclosure would reveal—
(A) an intelligence agent whose identity currently re -
quires protection;
(B) an intelligence source or method which is current -
ly utilized, or reasonably expected to be utilized, by the
United States Government and which has not been offi -
cially disclosed, the disclosure of which would interfere
with the conduct of intelligence activities; or
(C) any other matter currently relating to the military de -
fense, intelligence operations or conduct of foreign relations
of the United States, the disclosure of which would demon -
strably impair the national security of the United States;
(2) the public disclosure of the assassination record would
reveal the name or identity of a living person who pro -
vided confidential information to the United States and


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would pose a substantial risk of harm to that person;
(3) the public disclosure of the assassination record could
reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted in -
vasion of personal privacy, and that invasion of privacy is
so substantial that it outweighs the public interest;
(4) the public disclosure of the assassination record would
compromise the existence of an understanding of confi -
dentiality currently requiring protection between a Gov -
ernment agent and a cooperating individual or a foreign
government, and public disclosure would be so harmful
that it outweighs the public interest; or
(5) the public disclosure of the assassination record would
reveal a security or protective procedure currently utilized,
or reasonably expected to be utilized, by the Secret Service
or another Government agency responsible for protecting
Government officials, and public disclosure would be so
harmful that it outweighs the public interest.
Sec. 7. Establishment and powers of the Assassination Re -


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cords Review Board(a) Establishment.—There is established as an indepen -
dent agency a board to be known as the Assassinations
[sic] Records Review Board.
(b) Appointment.—(1) The President, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint, without
regard to political affiliation, 5 citizens to serve as mem -
bers of the Review Board to ensure and facilitate the re -
view, transmission to the Archivist, and public disclosure
of Government records related to the assassination of
President John F . Kennedy.
(2) The President shall make nominations to the Review
Board not later than 90 calendar days after the date of
enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1992].
(3) If the Senate votes not to confirm a nomination to
the Review Board, the President shall make an additional
nomination not later than 30 days thereafter.
(4)(A) The President shall make nominations to the Re -
view Board after considering persons recommended by
the American Historical Association, the Organization of


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American Historians, the Society of American Archivists,
and the American Bar Association.
(B) If an organization described in subparagraph (A)
does not recommend at least 2 nominees meeting the
qualifications stated in paragraph (5) by the date that is
45 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26,
1992], the President shall consider for nomination the
persons recommended by the other organizations de -
scribed in subparagraph (A).
(C) The President may request an organization described
in subparagraph (A) to submit additional nominations.
(5) Persons nominated to the Review Board—
(A) shall be impartial private citizens, none of whom
is presently employed by any branch of the Government,
and none of whom shall have had any previous involve -
ment with any official investigation or inquiry conducted
by a Federal, State, or local government, relating to the
assassination of President John F . Kennedy;
(B) shall be distinguished persons of high national


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professional reputation in their respective fields who are
capable of exercising the independent and objective judg -
ment necessary to the fulfillment of their role in ensuring
and facilitating the review, transmission to the public, and
public disclosure of records related to the assassination of
President John F . Kennedy and who possess an apprecia -
tion of the value of such material to the public, scholars,
and government; and
[Page 35]
26 | BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES   BASIC LAWS and AUTHORITIES  | 27	(C) shall include at least 1 professional historian and 1
attorney.
(c) Security clearances.—(1) All Review Board nominees
shall be granted the necessary security clearances in an ac -
celerated manner subject to the standard procedures for
granting such clearances.
(2) All nominees shall qualify for the necessary security
clearance prior to being considered for confirmation by
the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate.
(d) Confirmation hearings.—(1) The Committee on


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Governmental Affairs of the Senate shall hold confirma -
tion hearings within 30 days in which the Senate is in
session after the nomination of 3 Review Board members.
(2) The Committee on Governmental Affairs shall vote on
the nominations within 14 days in which the Senate is in
session after the confirmation hearings, and shall report
its results to the full Senate immediately.
(3) The Senate shall vote on each nominee to confirm or
reject within 14 days in which the Senate is in session after
reported by the Committee on Governmental Affairs.
(e) Vacancy.—A vacancy on the Review Board shall be
filled in the same manner as specified for original appoint -
ment within 30 days of the occurrence of the vacancy.
(f) Chairperson.—The Members of the Review Board
shall elect one of its members as chairperson at its initial
meeting.
(g) Removal of Review Board member.—(1) No member
of the Review Board shall be removed from office, other
than—
(A) by impeachment and conviction; or


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(B) by the action of the President for inefficiency, ne -
glect of duty, malfeasance in office, physical disability,
mental incapacity, or any other condition that substan -
tially impairs the performance of the member’s duties.
(2)(A) If a member of the Review Board is removed from
office, and that removal is by the President, not later than
10 days after the removal the President shall submit to
the Committee on Government Operations of the House
of Representatives and the Committee on Governmental
Affairs of the Senate a report specifying the facts found
and the grounds for the removal.
(B) The President shall publish in the Federal Register a
report submitted under paragraph (2)(A), except that the
President may, if necessary to protect the rights of a per -
son named in the report or to prevent undue interference
with any pending prosecution, postpone or refrain from publishing any or all of the report until the completion
of such pending cases or pursuant to privacy protection


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Employment Law - Wrongful Dismissal | Sample Type: legal_dialogue
Difficulty: intermediate | Document Type: educational

requirements in law.
(3)(A) A member of the Review Board removed from of -
fice may obtain judicial review of the removal in a civil
action commenced in the United States District Court for
the District of Columbia.
(B) The member may be reinstated or granted other ap -
propriate relief by order of the court.
(h) Compensation of members.—(1) A member of the
Review Board shall be compensated at a rate equal to the
daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed
for level IV of the
Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United
States Code, for each day (including travel time) during
which the member is engaged in the performance of the
duties of the Review Board.
(2) A member of the Review Board shall be allowed rea -
sonable travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of sub -
sistence, at rates for employees of agencies under subchap -
ter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while
away from the member’s home or regular place of business


# basic laws book 2016 (1)
Jurisdiction: UK | Practice Area: employment law
Topic: Property Law - Intellectual Property | Sample Type: pure_conceptual
Difficulty: advanced | Document Type: educational

in the performance of services for the Review Board.
(i) Duties of the Review Board.—(1) The Review Board
shall consider and render decisions on a determination by
a Government office to seek to postpone the disclosure of
assassination records.
(2) In carrying out paragraph (1), the Review Board shall
consider and render decisions—
(A) whether a record constitutes an assassination re -
cord; and
(B) whether an assassination record or particular infor -
mation in a record qualifies for postponement of disclo -
sure under this Act.
(j) Powers.—(1) The Review Board shall have the author -
ity to act in a manner prescribed under this Act including
authority to—
(A) direct Government offices to complete identifica -
tion aids and organize assassination records;
(B) direct Government offices to transmit to the Archi -
vist assassination records as required under this Act, in -
cluding segregable portions of assassination records, and
substitutes and summaries of assassination records that