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standard internal control federal government comptroller general united state september
united state government accountability office content overview foreword green book
section fundamental concept internal control definition internal control definition internal
control system section establishing effective internal control system presentation standard
attribute internal control entity role internal control system objective entity
section evaluation effective internal control system factor effective internal control
evaluation internal control section additional consideration service organization large versus
small entity benefit cost internal control documentation requirement entity control
environment principle demonstrate commitment integrity ethical value tone standard conduct
adherence standard conduct principle exercise oversight responsibility oversight structure oversight
internal control system input remediation deficiency principle establish authority organizational
structure assignment responsibility delegation authority documentation internal control system principle
demonstrate commitment competence expectation competence retention individual succession contingency plan
preparation principle enforce accountability enforcement accountability consideration excessive pressure risk
assessment principle define objective risk tolerance definition objective definition risk
tolerance principle respond risk identification risk analysis risk response risk
principle assess fraud risk type fraud fraud risk factor response
fraud risk principle respond change identification change analysis response change
control activity principle design control activity response objective risk design
appropriate type control activity design control activity various level segregation
duty principle design activity information system design information system design
appropriate type control activity design information technology infrastructure design security
management design information technology maintenance principle implement control activity documentation
responsibility policy periodic review control activity information communication principle quality
information identification information requirement relevant data reliable source data processed
quality information principle communicate internally communication throughout entity appropriate method
communication principle communicate externally communication external party appropriate method communication
monitoring principle perform monitoring activity establishment baseline internal control system
monitoring evaluation result principle evaluate issue remediate deficiency reporting issue
evaluation issue corrective action appendix requirement appendix acknowledgment comptroller advisory
council standard internal control federal government project team staff acknowledgment
glossary figure figure green book sample page figure achieving objective
internal control figure five component principle internal control figure organizational
structure internal control figure principle supporting five component internal control
figure example common category control activity work government number subject
copyright protection united published product reproduced distributed entirety without permission
work contain copyrighted image permission copyright holder necessary wish reproduce
material overview foreword policymakers program manager continually seeking way improve
accountability achieving factor improving accountability achieving mission implement effective internal
control effective internal control system help entity adapt shifting evolving
changing program change entity strive improve operational process implement management
continually evaluates internal control system effective updated section title united
state code commonly known federal financial integrity fmfia requires comptroller
general issue standard internal control federal standard internal control federal
government known green provide overall framework establishing maintaining effective internal
control office management budget circular number provides specific requirement assessing
reporting control federal term internal control document cover aspect objective
green book also adopted quasigovernmental well number profit framework internal
control management entity based applicable law appropriately adapt standard presented
green book framework committee sponsoring organization treadway commission coso updated
internal control guidance issuance revised internal control integrated coso introduced
concept principle related five component internal green book adapts principle
government committee sponsoring organization treadway internal control integrated framework american
institute certified public standard effective beginning fiscal year fmfia report
covering elect early adoption green revision standard gone extensive deliberative
including public comment input comptroller advisory council standard internal control
federal advisory council consists expert financial performance management drawn local
private view party thoroughly considered finalizing appreciate effort government public
accounting member audit academic community provided valuable assistance developing extend
special thanks member advisory council standard internal control federal government
extensive input feedback throughout entire process developing finalizing gene dodaro
comptroller general united state september green book green book provides
manager criterion operating effective internal control green book defines standard
component principle explains integral internal control green book clarifies process
management considers part internal mature highly effective internal control internal
control indistinguishable activity personnel green book structured includes following section
overview fundamental concept internal control section discussion internal control relate
three category objective section discussion evaluation internal control operation section
additional consideration apply component internal control system discussion requirement five
component principle well discussion related including documentation green book clearly
indicates component principle requirement discussion requirement included section documentation requirement
summarized section figure depicts sample page green illustration identifies attribute
green discussed section figure green book sample page section fundamental
concept internal control definition internal control internal control process effected
oversight personnel provides reasonable assurance objective entity achieved objective related
risk broadly classified following three operation effectiveness efficiency operation reporting
reliability reporting internal external compliance compliance applicable law regulation figure
achieving objective internal control distinct overlapping particular objective fall address
different direct responsibility different internal control comprises procedure used fulfill
strategic objective internal control serf first line defense safeguarding internal
control help manager achieve desired result effective stewardship public definition
internal control system internal control system continuous built component effected
provides reasonable number absolute objective internal control number series action
occur throughout internal control recognized integral part operational process management
us guide operation rather separate system within internal control built
entity part organizational structure help manager achieve objective ongoing people
make internal control management responsible effective internal control part management
set implement evaluates internal control personnel throughout entity play important
role implementing operating effective internal control effective internal control system
increase likelihood entity achieve matter well internal control system provide
absolute assurance objective factor outside control influence management affect ability
achieve natural disaster affect ability achieve effective internal control provides
number assurance organization achieve section establishing effective internal control system
presentation standard green book defines standard internal control federal fmfia
requires federal executive branch entity establish internal control accordance standard
provide criterion assessing operating effectiveness internal control federal government entity
determine internal control system nonfederal entity overview green book framework
operate internal control green book applies standard number intended limit
interfere duly granted authority related discretionary policy making implementing green
management responsible designing policy procedure circumstance building integral part attribute
entity determines set strategic establishes entity formulates plan achieve oversight
oversight objective entity whole target activity within management us internal
control help organization achieve different way present internal green book
approach internal control hierarchical structure five component hierarchy includes requirement
establishing effective internal control including specific documentation five component represent
highest level hierarchy standard internal control federal five component internal
control must effectively operating together integrated internal control system five
component internal control control environment foundation internal control provides discipline
structure help entity achieve risk assessment assesses risk facing entity
seek achieve assessment provides basis developing appropriate risk discussion page
federal internal control standard control activity action management establishes policy
procedure achieve objective respond risk internal control includes information information
communication quality information management personnel communicate support internal control monitoring
activity management establishes operates assess quality performance time promptly resolve
finding audit principle support effective operation associated component represent requirement
necessary establish effective internal control component principle relevant establishing effective
internal control rare operating regulatory situation management determined principle number
relevant entity achieve objective address related management determines principle number
management support determination documentation includes rationale absence associated component could
operated addition principle green book contains documentation green book contains
additional information form attribute intended help organize application material management
consider operating associated attribute provide explanation principle documentation requirement explain
precisely requirement mean intended include example procedure appropriate attribute also
provide background information matter addressed green attribute relevant proper implementation
green management responsibility understand attribute exercise judgment fulfilling requirement green
doe number prescribe management operates internal control figure list five
component internal control related figure five component principle internal control
internal control entity direct relationship exists among five component internal
organizational structure objective entity want five component internal control required
entity achieve organizational structure encompasses operating operational structure management overview
us achieve relationship depicted form cube developed coso figure organizational
structure internal control three category objective classified represented column labeled
five component internal control represented organizational structure represented third dimension
component internal control applies three category objective organizational principle support
component internal control discussion organizational page federal internal control standard
figure principle supporting five component internal control internal control integrated
process component impact operating effectiveness entity identical internal control system
difference factor regulatory strategic entity risk information judgment needed responding
differing role internal control system internal control part overall five
component discussed context management everyone entity responsibility internal role internal
control system categorized oversight body oversight body responsible overseeing strategic
direction entity obligation related accountability includes overseeing operation internal control
oversight body might member senior multiple party member oversight purpose
green oversight oversight body implicit component management management directly responsible
activity including operating effectiveness internal control responsibility vary depending function
organizational personnel personnel help management operate internal control system responsible
reporting issue noted compliance discussion identifying external auditor office inspector
general number considered part internal control management evaluate incorporate recommendation
external auditor responsibility internal control system resides objective entity oversight
oversight set objective meet strategic goal requirement applicable law management
set objective designing internal control management include setting objective part
strategic planning part designing internal control defines objective specific measurable
term enable management respond risk related achieving category objective management
group objective three category operation effectiveness efficiency operation reporting reliability
reporting internal external compliance compliance applicable law regulation operation objective
operation objective relate program operation achieve mission defined strategic plan
goal objective entity along effective efficient operation necessary fulfill effective
operation produce intended result operational efficient operation manner minimizes waste
management related subobjectives unit within organizational linking objective throughout entity
management improves effectiveness efficiency program operation achieving reporting objective reporting
objective relate preparation report external reporting objective grouped following external
financial reporting objective objective related release financial performance accordance professional
applicable law well expectation external nonfinancial reporting objective objective related
release nonfinancial information accordance appropriate applicable law well expectation internal
financial reporting objective nonfinancial reporting objective objective related gathering communicating
information needed management support decision making evaluation compliance objective government
objective related compliance applicable law regulation law regulation often prescribe
government method achieve reporting performance relative achieving management considers objective
category compliance comprehensively entity determines control necessary operate entity achieve
objective management conduct activity accordance applicable law part specifying compliance
entity determines law regulation apply management expected objective incorporate entity
objective higher level performance established law setting management able exercise
discretion relative performance safeguarding asset subset three category objective safeguarding
management design internal control system provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention
prompt detection correction unauthorized disposition setting subobjectives management develop objective
specific subobjectives throughout organizational management defines subobjectives specific measurable term
communicated personnel assigned responsibility achieve management personnel require understanding defined
level performance accountability internal control section evaluation effective internal control
system purpose section provide management factor consider evaluating effectiveness internal
control federal circular number provides specific requirement perform evaluation report
internal control federal nonfederal entity refer applicable law regulation well
input external stakeholder determining appropriately evaluate report internal factor effective
internal control effective internal control system provides reasonable assurance organization
achieve stated section effective internal control system five component internal
control effectively operating five component operating together integrated determine internal
control system management assesses operating effectiveness five component principle component
number component number operating together integrated internal control system evaluation
internal control federal fmfia mandate head executive branch agency annually
prepare statement whether system internal accounting administrative control comply requirement
system number head agency prepare report material weakness system internal
accounting administrative control identified plan schedule correcting weakness issue guidance
evaluating requirement circular number nonfederal entity refer applicable law regulation
guidance preparing statement regarding internal design implementation evaluating design internal
management determines control individually combination control capable achieving objective addressing
related evaluating management determines control exists entity placed control control
effectively implemented number effectively deficiency design exists control necessary meet
control objective missing existing control number properly designed even control
operates control objective would number deficiency implementation exists properly designed
control number implemented correctly internal control operating effectiveness evaluating operating
management determines control applied relevant time period consistency mean substantially
different control used different time period management evaluates operating effectiveness
separately unique control control effectively operating number effectively designed deficiency
operation exists properly designed control doe number operate person performing
control doe number possess necessary authority competence perform control effect
deficiency internal control system management evaluates control deficiency identified ongoing
monitoring internal control system well separate evaluation performed internal external
deficiency internal control exists operation control doe number allow management
normal course performing assigned achieve control objective address related management
evaluates significance identified significance refers relative importance deficiency achieving defined
evaluate significance management assesses effect achieving defined objective entity transaction
management evaluates significance deficiency considering magnitude likelihood nature magnitude impact
refers likely effect deficiency could entity achieving objective affected factor
duration deficiency significant objective likelihood occurrence refers possibility deficiency impacting
ability achieve nature deficiency involves factor degree subjectivity involved deficiency
whether deficiency arises fraud oversight body oversees evaluation significance deficiency
deficiency properly deficiency evaluated individual basis management considers correlation among
different deficiency group deficiency evaluating deficiency evaluation varies entity difference
management make summary determination whether principle operating management considers impact
deficiency identified achieving documentation requirement part summary management consider related
attribute part summary principle number operating respective component discussion documentation
based result summary determination management concludes operating effectiveness five component
internal management also considers five component operate together five component
number effectively operating effectively number operating together integrated internal control
system judgment used making includes exercising reasonable section additional consideration
service organization management engage external party perform certain operational process
accounting payroll security health care claim purpose green external party
referred service retains responsibility performance process assigned service management need
understand control service organization operates assigned operational process service internal
control system impact internal control control performed service organization necessary
entity achieve objective address risk related assigned operational internal control
include complementary user entity control identified service organization auditor necessary
achieve service control management consider following determining extent oversight operational
process assigned service nature service outsourced service standard conduct quality
frequency service enforcement adherence standard conduct personnel magnitude level complexity
operation organizational structure extent internal control sufficient entity achieves objective
address risk related assigned operational process large versus small entity
principle apply large small smaller entity different implementation approach larger
smaller entity typically unique contribute effective internal control include higher
level involvement management operational process direct interaction smaller entity find
informal staff meeting effective communicating quality whereas larger entity need
formal written intranet periodic formal communicate smaller face greater challenge
segregating duty concentration responsibility overview authority organizational respond increased risk
design internal control adding additional level review operational reviewing randomly
selected transaction supporting taking periodic asset checking supervisor benefit cost
internal control internal control provides many benefit provides management added
confidence regarding achievement provides feedback effectively entity help reduce risk
affecting achievement management considers variety cost factor relation expected benefit
designing implementing internal complexity cost benefit determination compounded interrelationship control
operational control integrated operational difficult isolate either cost management decide
entity evaluates cost versus benefit various approach implementing effective internal
control cost alone number acceptable reason avoid implementing internal management
responsible meeting internal control cost versus benefit consideration support ability
effectively operate internal control system balance allocation resource relation area
greatest factor relevant achieving documentation requirement documentation necessary part effective
internal control level nature documentation vary based size entity complexity
operational process entity management us judgment determining extent documentation documentation
required effective operating effectiveness internal control green book includes minimum
documentation requirement discussion segregation page federal internal control standard management
determines principle number management support determination documentation includes rationale absence
associated component could operated paragraph management develops maintains documentation internal
control paragraph management document policy internal control responsibility paragraph management
evaluates document result ongoing monitoring separate evaluation identify internal control
paragraph management evaluates document internal control issue determines appropriate corrective
action internal control deficiency timely paragraph management completes document corrective
action remediate internal control deficiency timely paragraph requirement represent minimum
level documentation internal control management exercise judgment determining additional documentation
necessary effective internal control management identifies deficiency achieving documentation effect
identified deficiency considered part summary determination whether related principle operating
entity green book applied framework internal control system quasi governmental
well number profit management elect adopt green book management follows
relevant requirement presented control environment overview control environment foundation internal
control provides discipline affect overall quality internal influence objective defined
control activity oversight body management establish maintain environment throughout entity
set positive attitude toward internal principle oversight body management demonstrate
commitment integrity ethical oversight body oversee internal control management establish
organizational assign delegate authority achieve management demonstrate commitment retain competent
management evaluate performance hold individual accountable internal control principle demonstrate
commitment integrity ethical value oversight body management demonstrate commitment integrity
ethical attribute following attribute contribute operating effectiveness tone standard conduct
adherence standard conduct tone oversight body management demonstrate importance integrity
ethical value oversight body management lead example demonstrates operating oversight
body management tone throughout organization fundamental effective internal control larger
various layer management organizational structure also oversight behavior reflect integrity
ethical value expected throughout oversight body management reinforce commitment number
maintaining minimum level performance necessary comply applicable law priority understood
general tone either shown preceding barrier internal without strong tone
support internal control risk identification risk response control activity number
appropriately designed information communication result monitoring number understood acted upon
remediate standard conduct management establishes standard conduct communicate expectation concerning
integrity ethical entity us ethical value balance need concern different
general standard conduct guide behavior organization achieving oversight oversight defines
expectation ethical value standard management consider using operating guideline communicate
standard conduct adherence standard conduct management establishes process evaluate performance
expected standard conduct address deviation timely management us established standard
conduct basis evaluating adherence integrity ethical value across management evaluates
adherence standard conduct across level gain assurance standard conduct implemented
management evaluates behavior individual evaluation consist ongoing monitoring separate individual
personnel also report issue reporting regular staff upward feedback whistle
blowing ethic oversight body evaluates adherence standard conduct well overall
adherence discussion ongoing monitoring separate discussion upward separate reporting management
determines tolerance level management determine entity zero tolerance deviation certain
expected standard deviation others addressed warning management establishes process evaluation
individual team adherence standard conduct escalates remediates management address deviation
expected standard conduct timely depending severity deviation determined evaluation oversight
oversight take appropriate action also need consider applicable law standard
conduct management hold remain principle exercise oversight responsibility oversight body
oversee internal control attribute following attribute contribute operating effectiveness oversight
structure oversight internal control system input remediation deficiency oversight structure
entity determines oversight structure fulfill responsibility forth applicable law relevant
government feedback entity mandated selected oversight oversight body composed entity
activity referenced green book performed exclude member management role oversight
responsibility oversight body oversight structure entity senior senior management distinguish
divisional functional management establishment oversight oversight body oversees provides constructive
criticism make oversight decision entity achieves objective alignment integrity ethical
qualification oversight body selecting member oversight entity applicable body defines
entity relevant number possible independence needed fulfill oversight responsibility member
oversight body understand related expectation addition oversight organization within federal
government several body stakeholder white office management department oversight body
work stakeholder understand expectation help entity fulfill expectation entity applicable
body also considers expertise needed member evaluate capability expected member
oversight body include integrity ethical critical problem solving determining number
member oversight entity applicable body considers need member oversight body
specialized skill enable offer constructive criticism make appropriate oversight specialized
skill include internal control mindset professional skepticism perspective approach identifying
responding risk assessing effectiveness system internal control programmatic including knowledge
operational process human functional management expertise financial including financial reporting
accounting standard financial reporting requirement budgetary expertise relevant system technology
understanding critical system technology risk opportunity legal regulatory expertise understanding
applicable law regulation authorized applicable law entity also consider including
independent member part oversight government auditing december discussion member oversight
body scrutinize question present alternative faced obvious suspected independent member
relevant expertise provide value impartial evaluation entity operation achieving oversight
internal control system oversight body oversees operation internal control oversight
responsibility internal control system include control environment establish integrity ethical
establish oversight develop expectation maintain accountability member oversight body risk
assessment oversee assessment risk achievement including potential impact significant management
override internal control activity provide oversight management development performance control
information communication analyze discus information relating achievement monitoring scrutinize nature
scope monitoring activity well evaluation remediation identified responsibility supported organizational
structure management oversight body oversees operation organizational structure process necessary
enable oversight body fulfill responsibility exist operating discussion organizational input
remediation deficiency oversight body provides input plan remediation deficiency internal
control system management report deficiency identified internal control system oversight
oversight body oversees provides direction management remediation oversight body also
provides direction deficiency cross organizational boundary interest management conflict remediation
appropriate oversight body direct creation team address oversee specific matter
critical achieving oversight body responsible overseeing remediation deficiency appropriate providing
direction management appropriate time frame correcting discussion timely remediation principle
establish authority management establish organizational assign delegate authority achieve attribute
following attribute contribute operating effectiveness organizational structure assignment responsibility delegation
authority documentation internal control system organizational structure management establishes organizational
structure necessary enable entity assess organization achieving management develops overall
responsibility objective enable entity achieve objective address related management develops
organizational structure understanding overall assigns responsibility discrete unit enable organization
operate control environment efficient effective comply applicable law reliably report
quality based nature assigned management chooses type number discrete related
part establishing organizational management considers unit interact order fulfill overall
management establishes reporting line within organizational structure unit communicate quality
information necessary unit fulfill overall reporting line defined level organization
provide method communication flow around management also considers overall responsibility
external stakeholder establishes reporting line allow entity communicate receive information
external management periodically evaluates organizational structure meet objective adapted objective
assignment responsibility delegation authority achieve management assigns responsibility delegate authority
role throughout role position organizational structure assigned overall responsibility role
relate senior management position within management considers overall responsibility assigned
determines role needed fulfill assigned establishes role assign responsibility internal
control role organizational retain ownership fulfilling overall responsibility assigned discussion
quality discussion quality discussion internal reporting discussion external reporting page
federal internal control standard control environment management determines level authority
role need fulfill management delegate authority extent required achieve part
delegating management evaluates delegation proper segregation duty within unit organizational
segregation duty help prevent abuse entity considering need separate accounting
organizational assigning role delegate authority internal control role organizational documentation
internal control system management develops maintains documentation internal control effective
documentation assist design internal control establishing communicating internal control execution
documentation also provides mean retain organizational knowledge mitigate risk knowledge
limited well mean communicate knowledge needed external external management document
internal control meet operational documentation including change evidence control capable
communicated responsible capable monitored evaluated extent documentation needed support operating
effectiveness five component internal control matter judgment management considers cost
benefit documentation requirement entity well complexity entity level necessary component
internal control operating discussion segregation page federal internal control standard
principle demonstrate commitment competence management demonstrate commitment retain competent attribute
following attribute contribute operating effectiveness expectation competence retention individual succession
contingency plan preparation expectation competence management establishes expectation competence role
help entity achieve competence qualification carry assigned requires relevant gained
largely professional demonstrated behavior individual carry management considers standard assigned
delegated authority establishing management establishes expectation competence management also establish
expectation competence personnel policy within internal control discussion personnel need
possess maintain level competence allows accomplish assigned well understand importance
effective internal holding individual accountable established policy evaluating competence integral
retaining management evaluates competence personnel across entity relation established management
act necessary address deviation established oversight body evaluates competence management
well competence overall entity retention individual management retains competent personnel
achieve management considers recruit conduct procedure determine whether particular candidate
fit organizational need competence proposed train enable individual develop competency
appropriate reinforce standard tailor training based need mentor provide guidance
performance based standard conduct expectation align skill expertise help personnel
adapt evolving retain provide incentive motivate reinforce expected level performance
desired including training credentialing succession contingency plan preparation management defines
succession contingency plan role help entity continue achieving succession plan
address need replace competent personnel long whereas contingency plan address
need respond sudden personnel change could compromise internal control management
defines succession plan chooses succession train succession candidate assume management
relies service organization fulfill assigned responsibility role management assesses whether
service organization continue identifies candidate organization implement process enable knowledge
sharing succession candidate management defines contingency plan assigning responsibility role
entity vacated without advance importance role internal control system impact
entity vacancy dictate formality depth contingency principle enforce accountability management
evaluate performance hold individual accountable internal control attribute following attribute
contribute operating effectiveness enforcement accountability consideration excessive pressure enforcement accountability
management enforces accountability individual performing internal control accountability driven tone
supported commitment integrity ethical organizational expectation influence control culture accountability
performance internal control responsibility support decision management hold personnel accountable
mechanism performance appraisal disciplinary management hold entity personnel accountable performing
assigned internal control oversight hold management accountable well organization whole
internal control management establishes management recognizes action yield unintended consequence
evaluates incentive align standard management hold service organization accountable assigned
internal control management contract service organization perform role organizational management
communicates service organization objective entity related standard role service organization
organizational assigned responsibility authority expectation competence role enable service organization
perform internal control oversight oversight take corrective action necessary enforce
accountability internal control environment control action range informal feedback provided
direct supervisor disciplinary action taken oversight depending significance deficiency internal
control consideration excessive pressure management adjusts excessive pressure personnel pressure
appear entity goal established management meet objective cyclical demand various
process performed year financial statement excessive pressure result personnel meet
established management responsible evaluating pressure personnel help personnel fulfill assigned
responsibility accordance standard management adjust excessive pressure using many different
rebalancing workload increasing resource discussion significance page federal internal control
standard risk assessment overview established effective control management assesses risk
facing entity seek achieve assessment provides basis developing appropriate risk
management assesses risk entity face external internal principle management define
objective clearly enable identification risk define risk management respond risk
related achieving defined management consider potential fraud responding management respond
significant change could impact internal control principle define objective risk
tolerance management define objective clearly enable identification risk define risk
attribute following attribute contribute operating effectiveness definition objective definition risk
tolerance definition objective management defines objective specific measurable term enable
design internal control related specific term fully clearly forth easily
measurable term allow assessment performance toward achieving objective initially part
objective setting process refined incorporated internal control system management us
establish control management defines objective specific term understood level involves
clearly defining achieve time frame objective broadly classified three reporting
objective categorized either internal external financial management defines objective alignment
strategic performance management defines objective measurable term performance toward achieving
objective measurable objective generally free bias number require subjective judgment
dominate measurable objective also stated quantitative qualitative form permit reasonably
consistent management considers external requirement internal expectation defining objective enable
design internal standard setting body external requirement establishing standard entity
required management risk assessment incorporates requirement management set internal expectation
requirement established standard oversight organizational expectation part control management evaluates
revise defined objective consistent requirement consistency enables management identify analyze
risk associated achieving defined management determines whether performance measure defined
objective appropriate evaluating performance achieving quantitative performance measure targeted percentage
numerical qualitative management need design performance measure indicate level degree
definition risk tolerance management defines risk tolerance defined risk tolerance
acceptable level variation performance relative achievement risk tolerance initially part
objective setting management defines risk tolerance defined objective ensuring level
variation performance measure appropriate design internal control management defines risk
tolerance specific measurable term clearly stated risk tolerance often measured
term performance measure defined depending category risk tolerance expressed discussion
standard discussion oversight discussion organizational discussion expectation page federal internal
control standard operation objective level variation performance relation nonfinancial reporting
objective level precision accuracy suitable user involving qualitative quantitative consideration
meet need nonfinancial report financial reporting objective judgment materiality made
light surrounding involve qualitative quantitative affected need financial report user
size nature compliance objective concept risk tolerance doe number entity
either compliant number management also evaluates whether risk tolerance enable
appropriate design internal control considering whether consistent requirement expectation defined
defining management considers risk tolerance context applicable standard well standard
oversight organizational expectation risk tolerance defined objective number consistent requirement
management revise risk tolerance achieve principle respond risk management respond
risk related achieving defined attribute following attribute contribute operating effectiveness
identification risk analysis risk response risk identification risk management identifies
risk throughout entity provide basis analyzing risk assessment identification analysis
risk related achieving defined objective form basis designing risk identify
management considers type risk impact includes inherent residual inherent risk
risk entity absence response residual risk risk remains response inherent
lack response either risk could cause deficiency internal control management
considers significant interaction within entity external change within internal external
internal external factor identify risk throughout internal risk factor include
complex nature organizational technology operational external risk factor include amended
professional economic potential natural management considers factor entity transaction level
comprehensively identify risk affect defined risk identification method include qualitative
quantitative ranking forecasting strategic consideration deficiency identified audit discussion change
internal control discussion level analysis risk management analyzes identified risk
estimate provides basis responding significance refers effect achieving defined management
estimate significance identified risk assess effect achieving defined objective entity
transaction management estimate significance risk considering magnitude likelihood nature magnitude
impact refers likely magnitude deficiency could result risk affected factor
duration likelihood occurrence refers level possibility risk nature risk involves
factor degree subjectivity involved risk whether risk arises fraud complex
unusual oversight body oversee estimate significance risk tolerance properly risk
analyzed individual basis grouped category related risk analyzed regardless whether
risk analyzed individually management considers correlation among different risk group
risk estimating specific risk analysis methodology used vary entity difference
mission difficulty qualitatively quantitatively defining risk response risk management design
response analyzed risk risk within defined risk tolerance defined management
design overall risk response analyzed risk based significance risk defined
risk risk response include acceptance action taken respond risk based
insignificance avoidance action taken stop operational process part operational process
causing reduction action taken reduce likelihood magnitude sharing action taken
transfer share risk across entity external insuring based selected risk
management design specific action respond analyzed nature extent risk response
action depend defined risk operating within defined risk tolerance provides
greater assurance entity achieve performance measure used assess whether risk
response action enable entity operate within defined risk risk response
action number enable entity operate within defined risk management need
revise risk response reconsider defined risk management need conduct periodic
risk assessment evaluate effectiveness risk response principle assess fraud risk
management consider potential fraud responding attribute following attribute contribute operating
effectiveness type fraud fraud risk factor response fraud risk type
fraud management considers type fraud occur within entity provide basis
identifying fraud type fraud involves obtaining something value willful whether
fact fraud determination made judicial adjudicative system beyond professional responsibility
assessing fraudulent financial reporting intentional misstatement omission amount disclosure financial
statement deceive financial statement could include intentional alteration accounting misrepresentation
intentional misapplication accounting misappropriation asset theft could include theft embezzlement
fraudulent corruption bribery illegal addition management considers form misconduct waste
waste using expending resource abuse involves behavior deficient improper compared
behavior prudent person would consider reasonable necessary operational practice given
fact includes misuse authority position personal gain benefit waste abuse
number necessarily involve fraud illegal indication potential fraud illegal act
still impact achievement defined fraud risk factor management considers fraud
risk fraud risk factor number necessarily indicate fraud exists often
present fraud fraud risk factor include incentive pressure management personnel
incentive provides motive commit opportunity circumstance absence ineffective ability management
override provide opportunity commit attitude rationalization individual involved able rationalize
committing individual possess ethical value allow knowingly intentionally commit dishonest
discussion discussion analyzing discussion management management us fraud risk factor
identify fraud fraud risk greatest three risk factor factor indicate
fraud information provided internal external party also used identify fraud
include allegation fraud suspected fraud reported office inspector general internal
external party interact response fraud risk management analyzes responds identified
fraud risk effectively fraud risk analyzed risk analysis process performed
identified management analyzes identified fraud risk estimating individually assess effect
achieving defined part analyzing fraud management also assesses risk management
override oversight body oversees assessment fraud risk risk management override
control management responds fraud risk risk response process performed analyzed
management design overall risk response specific action responding fraud possible
reduce eliminate certain fraud risk making change activity change include
stopping reorganizing certain operation reallocating role among personnel enhance segregation
addition responding fraud management need develop response address risk management
override fraud risk assessment process need discussion responding principle respond
change management respond significant change could impact internal control attribute
following attribute contribute operating effectiveness identification change analysis response change
identification change part risk assessment similar management identifies change could
significantly impact internal control responding change similar number part regular
risk assessment change discussed separately critical effective internal control system
often overlooked inadequately addressed normal course condition affecting entity environment
continually management anticipate plan significant change using forward looking process
identifying management risk assessment timely significant change internal external condition
already occurred expected change internal condition include change program oversight
organizational change external condition include change physical identified significant change
communicated across entity established reporting line appropriate analysis response change
part risk assessment similar management analyzes responds identified change related
risk order maintain effective internal control change condition affecting entity
environment often require change internal control existing control number effective
meeting objective addressing risk changed management analyzes effect identified change
internal control system responds revising internal control system timely maintain
changing condition often prompt risk change existing risk need part
analyzing responding management performs risk assessment respond risk prompted existing
risk require assessment determine whether defined risk tolerance risk response
need discussion internal reporting page federal internal control standard control
activity overview control activity action management establishes policy procedure achieve
objective respond risk internal control includes information principle management design
control activity achieve objective respond management design information system related
control activity achieve objective respond management implement control activity principle
design control activity management design control activity achieve objective respond
attribute following attribute contribute operating effectiveness response objective risk design
appropriate type control activity design control activity various level segregation
duty response objective risk management design control activity response objective
risk achieve effective internal control control activity mechanism enforce directive
achieve objective address related part control environment management defines assigns
delegate authority achieve part risk assessment management identifies risk related
entity including service risk risk management design control activity fulfill
defined responsibility address identified risk design appropriate type control activity
management design appropriate type control activity internal control control activity
help management fulfill responsibility address identified risk response internal control
common control activity category listed figure meant illustrate range variety
control activity useful list number inclusive number include particular control
activity entity figure example common category control activity level review
actual performance management track major entity achievement compare objective review
management functional activity level management compare actual performance planned expected
result throughout organization analyzes significant management human capital effective management
human essential achieving result important part internal right personnel board
provided right responsibility operational success management continually assesses ability need
entity entity able obtain workforce required ability achieve organizational training
aimed developing retaining employee ability meet changing organizational management provides
qualified continuous supervision internal control objective management design performance evaluation
feedback supplemented effective reward help employee understand connection performance part
human capital management also considers best retain valuable plan eventual
maintain continuity needed skill control information processing variety control activity
used information example include edit check data accounting transaction numerical
comparing file total control controlling access discussion control information physical
control vulnerable asset management establishes physical control secure safeguard vulnerable
example include security limited access asset equipment might vulnerable risk
loss unauthorized management periodically count compare asset control establishment review
performance measure indicator management establishes activity monitor performance measure include
comparison assessment relating different set data another analysis relationship made
appropriate action management design control aimed validating propriety integrity entity
individual performance measure segregation duty management divide segregate duty responsibility
among different people reduce risk includes separating responsibility authorizing processing
recording reviewing handling related asset individual control aspect transaction proper
execution transaction transaction authorized executed person acting within scope principal
mean assuring valid transaction commit resource initiated entered management clearly
communicates authorization accurate timely recording transaction transaction promptly recorded maintain
relevance value management controlling operation making applies entire process life
cycle transaction event initiation authorization final classification summary management design
control activity transaction completely accurately access restriction accountability resource record
management limit access resource record authorized assigns maintains accountability custody
management periodically compare resource recorded accountability help reduce risk unauthorized
appropriate documentation transaction internal control management clearly document internal control
transaction significant event manner allows documentation readily available documentation appear
management administrative operating either paper electronic documentation record properly managed
internal control flexible allow management tailor control activity meet special
specific control activity used given entity different used others based
number factor could include specific threat entity face risk difference
managerial size complexity operational sensitivity value requirement system control activity
either preventive main difference preventive detective control activity timing control
activity within preventive control activity prevents entity failing achieve objective
address detective control activity discovers entity number achieving objective addressing
risk operation concluded corrects action entity achieves objective address management
evaluates purpose control activity well effect deficiency would entity achieving
control activity significant purpose impact deficiency would significant achieving management
design preventive detective control control activity implemented either automated manual
automated control activity either wholly partially automated information manual control
activity performed individual minor information automated control activity tend reliable
less susceptible human error typically entity relies information technology management
design control activity information technology continues operate discussion information system
control design control activity various level management design control activity
appropriate level organizational management design control activity appropriate coverage objective
risk operational process transform input output achieve management design entity
level control transaction control depending level precision needed entity meet
objective address related entity level control control pervasive effect internal
control system pertain multiple entity level control include control related
risk assessment control service management transaction control activity action built
directly operational process support entity achieving objective addressing related tends
associated financial process payable generally applied operational compliance purpose cover
management design variety transaction control activity operational include authorization physical
control supervisory control choosing entity level transaction control management evaluates
level precision needed operational process meet objective address related determining
necessary level precision control management evaluates purpose control activity control
activity function prevent detect generally precise control activity merely identifies
explains level aggregation control activity performed granular level generally precise
performed higher analysis obligation budget object class normally precise analysis
total obligation consistency performance control activity performed routinely consistently generally
precise performed correlation relevant operational process control activity directly related
operational process generally likely prevent detect control activity indirectly segregation
duty management considers segregation duty designing control activity responsibility incompatible
duty segregated segregation number design alternative control activity address control
activity segregation duty help prevent abuse internal control management considers
need separate control activity related accounting operation achieve adequate segregation
segregation duty address risk management management override circumvents existing control
activity increase fraud management address risk segregation absolutely prevent risk
employee together commit segregation duty number practical within operational process
limited personnel management design alternative control activity address risk abuse
operational principle design activity information system management design information system
related control activity achieve objective respond attribute following attribute contribute
operating effectiveness design information system design appropriate type control activity
design information technology infrastructure design security management design information technology
maintenance design information system management design information system respond objective
management design information system obtain process information meet operational information
requirement respond objective information system technology discussion page federal internal
control standard control activity management organizes dispose information system represents
life cycle information used operational process enables entity process quality
information system includes manual technology enabled information technology enabled information
process commonly referred information part control environment management defines assigns
delegate authority achieve part risk assessment management identifies risk related
entity including service risk risk management design control activity fulfill
defined responsibility address identified risk response information management design information
system information technology considering defined information requirement operational information technology
enables information related operational process become available entity timelier information
technology enhance internal control security confidentiality information appropriately restricting although
information technology implies specific type control information technology number control
integral part control management also evaluates information processing objective meet
defined information information processing objective include completeness transaction occur recorded
number accuracy transaction recorded correct amount right account timely basis
stage discussion quality discussion defined information page federal internal control
standard validity recorded transaction represent economic event actually occurred executed
according prescribed design appropriate type control activity management design appropriate
type control activity information system coverage information processing objective operational
information main type control general application control information system general
control entity application level policy procedure apply large segment information
general control facilitate proper operation information system creating environment proper
operation application general control include security logical physical configuration segregation
contingency application sometimes referred business process control incorporated directly computer
application achieve confidentiality transaction data application application control include control
master data management system design information technology infrastructure management design
control activity information technology infrastructure support validity information processing information
information technology requires infrastructure including communication network linking information computing
resource application electricity power information information technology infrastructure shared different
unit within entity outsourced either service organization location independent technology
management evaluates objective entity related risk designing control activity information
technology management continues evaluate change information technology design control activity
change incorporated information technology management also design control activity needed
maintain information technology maintaining technology often includes backup recovery well
continuity operation depending risk consequence full partial power system design
security management management design control activity security management information system
appropriate access internal external source protect information objective security management
include confidentiality mean output safeguarded unauthorized integrity mean information safeguarded
improper modification includes ensuring nonrepudiation availability mean relevant information readily
available user security management includes information process control activity related
access right information including ability execute security management includes access
right across various level operating system system physical management design
control activity access protect entity inappropriate access unauthorized control activity
support appropriate segregation preventing unauthorized change data program integrity protected
malicious intent someone breaking technology commit terrorism management evaluates security
threat information internal external external threat particularly important entity depend
telecommunication network external threat become prevalent highly interconnected business continual
effort required address internal threat come former disgruntled pose unique
risk motivated work entity better equipped succeed carrying malicious greater
access knowledge security management system management design control activity limit
user access information technology authorization control activity providing unique user
identification token authorized control activity restrict authorized user application function
commensurate assigned supporting appropriate segregation management design control activity promptly
update access right employee change function leave management also design
control activity access right different information technology element connected design
information technology maintenance management design control activity maintenance information management
system development life cycle sdlc framework designing control sdlc provides
structure information technology design outlining specific phase documenting checkpoint within
control activity maintenance management design control activity change involve requiring
authorization change reviewing testing designing protocol determine whether change made
depending size complexity development information technology change information technology included
sdlc separate management evaluates objective risk technology designing control activity
management acquire information technology packaged software management incorporates methodology acquisition
vendor package information technology development design control activity ongoing control
activity change application software prevent unauthorized program modification existing another
alternative outsourcing development information technology service sdlc developed management design
control activity meet objective address related management also evaluates unique
risk using service organization present validity information submitted received service
principle implement control activity management implement control activity attribute following
attribute contribute operating effectiveness documentation responsibility policy periodic review control
activity documentation responsibility policy management document policy internal control responsibility
management document policy unit responsibility operational objective related control activity
operating guidance determines policy necessary operate process based objective related
risk operational unit also document policy appropriate level detail allow
management effectively monitor control discussion discussion corrective role unit define
policy depending rate change operating environment complexity operational procedure include
timing control activity occurs follow corrective action performed competent personnel
deficiency management communicates personnel policy procedure personnel implement control activity
assigned periodic review control activity management periodically review related control
activity continued relevance effectiveness achieving objective addressing related significant change
management review process timely manner change determine control activity designed
implemented change occur operational information federal office management budget department
treasury also change either objective entity achieve management considers change
periodic overview management us quality information support internal control effective
information communication vital entity achieve entity management need access relevant
reliable communication related internal well external principle management quality information
achieve management internally communicate necessary quality information achieve management externally
communicate necessary quality information achieve principle quality information management quality
information achieve attribute following attribute contribute operating effectiveness identification information
requirement relevant data reliable source data processed quality information identification
information requirement management design process us objective related risk identify
information requirement needed achieve objective address information requirement consider expectation
internal external management defines identified information requirement relevant level requisite
specificity appropriate management identifies information requirement iterative ongoing process occurs
throughout effective internal control change entity objective risk management change
information requirement needed meet modified objective address modified relevant data
reliable source management obtains relevant data reliable internal external source
timely manner based identified information relevant data logical connection bearing
identified information reliable internal external source provide data reasonably free
error bias faithfully represent purport management evaluates internal external source
data source data compliance management obtains data timely basis used
effective data processed quality information management process obtained data quality
information support internal control involves processing data information evaluating processed
information quality quality information meet identified information information communication requirement
relevant data reliable source quality information provided timely management considers
characteristic well information processing objective evaluating processed information make revision
necessary information quality management us quality information make informed decision
evaluate performance achieving objective addressing management process relevant data reliable
source quality information within information information system technology management organizes
dispose principle communicate internally management internally communicate necessary quality information
achieve attribute following attribute contribute operating effectiveness communication throughout entity
appropriate method communication communication throughout entity management communicates quality information
throughout entity using established reporting quality information communicated around reporting
line level management communicates quality information across reporting line enable
personnel perform role achieving addressing supporting internal control management assigns
internal control responsibility discussion information processing discussion information page federal
internal control standard management receives quality information operational process flow
reporting line personnel help management achieve oversight body receives quality
information flow reporting line management information relating internal control communicated
oversight body includes significant matter adherence change issue arising internal
control upward communication necessary effective oversight internal personnel separate reporting
line around upward reporting line line law regulation require entity
establish separate line whistleblower ethic communicating confidential management informs employee
separate reporting information remain appropriate method communication management selects appropriate
method communicate management considers variety factor selecting appropriate method factor
consider audience intended recipient communication nature information purpose type information
communicated availability information readily available audience needed cost resource used
communicate information legal regulatory requirement requirement law regulation impact communication
based consideration management selects appropriate method written hard copy electronic
face face management periodically evaluates method communication organization appropriate tool
communicate quality information throughout entity timely principle communicate externally management
externally communicate necessary quality information achieve attribute following attribute contribute
operating effectiveness communication external party appropriate method communication communication external
party management communicates obtains quality information external party using established
reporting open external reporting line allow external party include service
external government general management communicates quality information externally reporting line
external party help entity achieve objective address related management includes
communication information relating event activity impact internal control management receives
information reporting line external information communicated management includes significant matter
relating issue impact internal control communication necessary effective operation internal
management evaluates external information received characteristic quality information information processing
objective take necessary action information quality discussion information processing oversight
body receives information reporting line external information communicated oversight body
includes significant matter relating issue impact internal control communication necessary
effective oversight internal external party separate reporting line external reporting
line law regulation require entity establish separate line whistleblower ethic
communicating confidential management informs external party separate reporting information remain
appropriate method communication management selects appropriate method communicate management considers
variety factor selecting appropriate method factor consider audience intended recipient
communication nature information purpose type information communicated availability information readily
available audience needed cost resource used communicate information legal regulatory
requirement requirement law regulation impact communication based consideration management selects
appropriate method written hard copy electronic face face management periodically
evaluates method communication organization appropriate tool communicate quality information throughout
outside entity timely government entity number report head regulator general
public federal entity number report president congress also general entity
consider appropriate method communicating broad monitoring overview since internal control
dynamic process adapted continually risk change entity monitoring internal control
system essential helping internal control remain aligned changing internal control
monitoring assesses quality performance time promptly resolve finding audit corrective
action necessary complement control activity order achieve principle management establish
operate monitoring activity monitor internal control system evaluate management remediate
identified internal control deficiency timely principle perform monitoring activity management
establish operate monitoring activity monitor internal control system evaluate attribute
following attribute contribute operating effectiveness establishment baseline internal control system
monitoring evaluation result establishment baseline management establishes baseline monitor internal
control baseline current state internal control system compared design internal
control baseline represents difference criterion design internal control system condition
internal control system specific point baseline consists issue deficiency identified
internal control management baseline criterion evaluating internal control system make
change reduce difference criterion management reduces difference management either change
design internal control system better address objective risk entity improves
operating effectiveness internal control part management determines revise baseline reflect
change internal control internal control system monitoring management monitor internal
control system ongoing monitoring separate ongoing monitoring built performed responsive
separate evaluation used periodically provide feedback effectiveness ongoing management performs
ongoing monitoring design operating effectiveness internal control system part normal
course ongoing monitoring includes regular management supervisory routine ongoing monitoring
include automated increase objectivity efficiency electronically compiling evaluation control management
us separate evaluation monitor design operating effectiveness internal control system
specific time specific function scope frequency separate evaluation depend primarily
assessment effectiveness ongoing rate change within entity separate evaluation take
form include cross operating unit cross functional separate evaluation also
include audit evaluation involve review control design direct testing internal
audit evaluation mandated performed internal external inspector external separate evaluation
provide greater objectivity performed reviewer number responsibility activity management retains
responsibility monitoring effectiveness internal control assigned process performed service management
us ongoing separate combination obtain reasonable assurance operating effectiveness service
internal control assigned monitoring activity related service organization include work
performed external service reviewed discussion service evaluation result management evaluates
document result ongoing monitoring separate evaluation identify internal control management
us evaluation determine effectiveness internal control difference result monitoring activity
previously established baseline indicate internal control including undocumented change internal
control system potential internal control management identifies change internal control
system either occurred needed change entity external party also help
management identify issue internal control complaint general public regulator comment
indicate area internal control system need management considers whether current
control address identified issue modifies control principle evaluate issue remediate
deficiency management remediate identified internal control deficiency timely attribute following
attribute contribute operating effectiveness reporting issue evaluation issue corrective action
reporting issue personnel report internal control issue established reporting line
appropriate internal external party timely basis enable entity promptly evaluate
discussion internal reporting line discussion external reporting personnel identify internal
control issue performing assigned internal control personnel communicate issue internally
person role responsible internal control associated process least level management
depending nature personnel consider reporting certain issue oversight issue include
issue across organizational structure extend outside entity service supplier monitoring
issue number remediated interest sensitive information regarding fraud illegal depending
regulatory compliance entity also required report issue externally appropriate external
standard setting body establish standard entity evaluation issue management evaluates
document internal control issue determines appropriate corrective action internal control
deficiency timely management evaluates issue identified monitoring activity reported personnel
determine whether issue rise level internal control internal control deficiency
require evaluation remediation internal control deficiency operating effectiveness internal control
related management determines type internal control deficiency appropriate corrective action
remediate internal control deficiency timely management assigns responsibility delegate authority
remediate internal control corrective action management completes document corrective action
remediate internal control deficiency timely corrective action include resolution audit
depending nature either oversight body management oversees prompt remediation deficiency
communicating corrective action appropriate level organizational structure delegating authority completing
corrective action appropriate audit resolution process begin audit review result
reported completed action taken corrects identified discussion discussion evaluation internal
control page federal internal control standard produce demonstrates finding recommendation
number warrant management oversight oversight monitor status remediation effort completed
timely following list requirement included green five component internal control
must effectively operating together integrated internal control system paragraph principle
support effective operation associated component represent requirement necessary establish effective
internal control principle requirement green book oversight body management demonstrate
commitment integrity ethical oversight body oversee internal control management establish
organizational assign delegate authority achieve management demonstrate commitment retain competent
management evaluate performance hold individual accountable internal control management define
objective clearly enable identification risk define risk management respond risk
related achieving defined management consider potential fraud responding management respond
significant change could impact internal control management design control activity
achieve objective respond management design information system related control activity
achieve objective respond management implement control activity management quality information
achieve management internally communicate necessary quality information achieve management externally
communicate necessary quality information achieve management establish operate monitoring activity
monitor internal control system evaluate management remediate identified internal control
deficiency timely documentation necessary part effective internal control level nature
documentation vary based size entity complexity operational process entity management
us judgment determining extent documentation documentation required demonstrate operating effectiveness
internal control green book includes minimum documentation requirement management determines
principle number management support determination documentation includes rationale absence associated
component could operated paragraph management develops maintains documentation internal control
paragraph management document policy internal control responsibility paragraph management evaluates
document result ongoing monitoring separate evaluation identify internal control paragraph
management evaluates document internal control issue determines appropriate corrective action
internal control deficiency timely paragraph management completes document corrective action
remediate internal control deficiency timely paragraph comptroller advisory council standard
internal control federal government honorable chair department office inspector general
brett baker national science office inspector general lisa casias department
commerce carole clay department state melinda decorte crowe horwath stephen
eells jersey office legislative office state auditor carol eyermann national
science foundation bill hughes morganfranklin consulting scot janssen kpmg john
kaschak pennsylvania office bureau audit david landsittel committee sponsoring organization
treadway commission honorable samuel condor international kenneth mory city texas
murrin ernst young annette pridgen jackson state university sandra richtermeyer
xavier university neil ryder department justice peggy sherry department internal
revenue service michael taylor hanover county virginia david moll commonwealth
virginia office state comptroller david zavada kearney company project team
steven managing director james director robert chief accountant jacquelyn deputy
assistant general counsel kristen assistant director grant senior auditor christie
senior auditor staff acknowledgment addition project team named also contributing
francine marci peter brian debra heather jason judy william alan
mary arnold mary doris kimberly glossary following term provided assist
clarifying standard internal control federal relevant paragraph number provided application
control control incorporated directly computer application purpose confidentiality transaction data
application application control include control master data management system control
paragraph attribute additional information provides explanation principle documentation requirement effective
internal control paragraph baseline difference criterion design internal control system
condition internal control system specific point time paragraph competence qualification
carry assigned responsibility paragraph complementary user entity control control management
service organization design implemented user necessary achieve control objective stated
description service identified description paragraph component five required element internal
internal control component control risk control information monitoring paragraph contingency
plan process defined address need respond sudden personnel change could
compromise internal control system paragraph control activity mechanism enforce directive
achieve objective address related risk paragraph control objective purpose specified
control objective address risk related achieving objective paragraph deficiency operation
control doe number allow management normal course performing assigned achieve
control objective address related risk paragraph detective control activity designed
discover entity number achieving objective addressing risk operation concluded corrects
action entity achieves objective address risk paragraph entity level control
control pervasive effect internal control entity level control include control
related risk assessment control service management monitoring paragraph fraud involves
obtaining something value willful misrepresentation paragraph general control policy procedure
apply large segment information general control include security logical physical
configuration segregation contingency planning paragraph green book commonly used name
standard internal control federal government foreword information system technology management
organizes dispose information paragraph information technology technology enabled information process
paragraph inherent risk risk entity prior considering response risk paragraph
internal control process effected oversight personnel provides reasonable assurance objective
entity achieved paragraph internal control system continuous built component effected
provides reasonable absolute objective achieved paragraph role position organizational structure
assigned overall responsibility entity paragraph likelihood occurrence level possibility risk
occur paragraph magnitude impact severity deficiency could result risk affected
factor duration impact paragraph management personnel directly responsible activity including
operating effectiveness internal control system paragraph must denotes requirement management
must comply requirement component internal control paragraph organizational structure operating
operational structure management us achieve objective paragraph oversight body responsible
overseeing operation internal control system paragraph performance measure mean evaluating
performance achieving objective paragraph policy statement responsibility operational objective related
control activity operating effectiveness paragraph preventive control activity designed prevent
entity failing achieve objective addressing risk paragraph principle fundamental concept
integral operating effectiveness associated component paragraph qualitative objective objective management
need design performance measure indicate level degree milestone paragraph quality
information information relevant reliable data provided timely meet identified information
requirement paragraph quantitative objective objective performance measure targeted percentage numerical
value paragraph reasonable assurance high degree number absolute confidence paragraph
reporting line communication internal level organization provide method communication flow
around organizational structure paragraph residual risk risk remains response inherent
risk paragraph risk possibility event occur adversely affect achievement objective
paragraph risk tolerance acceptable level variation performance relative achievement objective
paragraph security management information process control activity related access right
information technology paragraph segregation duty separation accounting operation paragraph service
organization external party performs operational process entity paragraph denotes principle
requirement management must comply except rare circumstance requirement number relevant
entity paragraph succession plan process address need replace competent personnel
long term paragraph transaction event occur financial process paragraph transaction
control activity action built directly operational process support entity achieving
objective addressing related risk paragraph please print recycled government accountability
investigative exists support congress meeting constitutional responsibility help improve performance
accountability federal government american examines public evaluates federal program provides
assistance help congress make informed funding commitment good government reflected
core value fastest easiest obtain copy document number cost website
weekday post website newly released mail list newly posted select
mail printed version standard internal control federal government ordered government
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