Update Planck PGCC: 13,242 cold clumps

README.md

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+---
+license: cc-by-4.0
+pretty_name: "Planck Catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps"
+language:
+  - en
+description: "Cold, dense interstellar medium sources detected by the ESA Planck satellite at submillimeter wavelengths — potential pre-stellar cores and sites of future star formation."
+task_categories:
+  - tabular-classification
+tags:
+  - space
+  - planck
+  - esa
+  - interstellar-medium
+  - star-formation
+  - astronomy
+  - open-data
+  - tabular-data
+  - parquet
+size_categories:
+  - 10K<n<100K
+configs:
+  - config_name: default
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/planck_pgcc.parquet
+    default: true
+---
+
+# Planck Catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCC)
+
+<div align="center">
+  <img src="banner.jpg" alt="The gamma-ray sky as seen by NASA's Fermi telescope" width="400">
+  <p><em>Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration</em></p>
+</div>
+
+*Part of the [Astronomy Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/astronomy-datasets-69c24caf2f17e36128946743) collection on Hugging Face.*
+
+![Updated](https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/juliensimon/space-datasets/main/status.json&query=$.planck-pgcc&label=updated&color=brightgreen)
+
+The Planck Catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCC) — **13,242** cold, dense sources
+in the interstellar medium detected by the [ESA Planck satellite](https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/planck)
+at submillimeter wavelengths, sourced from [VizieR](https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/).
+
+## Dataset description
+
+Galactic cold clumps are cold, dense regions in the interstellar medium (ISM) with dust
+temperatures typically between 6 and 20 K, significantly colder than their surrounding
+environment. These compact structures represent the earliest stages of the star formation
+process — gravitationally bound or pre-gravitationally bound condensations that may
+eventually collapse to form protostars. Many are candidate pre-stellar cores, the seeds
+from which new stars and planetary systems will emerge.
+
+The PGCC was compiled from the full Planck all-sky survey using a multi-frequency detection
+algorithm that identifies sources colder than their local background in the 857, 545, and
+353 GHz (350, 550, and 850 micron) bands. Planck's all-sky coverage at submillimeter
+wavelengths makes it uniquely suited for this task — no other observatory has mapped the
+entire sky at these frequencies with comparable sensitivity. Ground-based submillimeter
+telescopes can observe only small patches of sky, and previous space missions (IRAS, Herschel)
+either lacked the spectral coverage or the all-sky field of view needed to build a complete
+census of Galactic cold dust sources.
+
+Each PGCC entry includes flux densities at three Planck bands (and 3000 GHz / 100 micron
+where available), dust temperature and spectral emissivity index derived from modified
+blackbody fitting, H2 column density, angular size, and quality flags. The clumps span the
+full range of Galactic environments: from nearby molecular clouds (Taurus, Ophiuchus,
+Orion) at distances of 100-500 pc to distant complexes in the outer Galaxy beyond 5 kpc.
+Their dust temperatures, typically 5-8 K colder than the warm diffuse ISM (~18-20 K),
+identify them as sites where radiative shielding and high density allow efficient cooling.
+
+The PGCC is a cornerstone resource for star formation studies, providing targets for
+high-resolution follow-up with ALMA, NOEMA, and JCMT to characterize their internal
+structure, kinematics, and fragmentation. It bridges the gap between the large-scale
+ISM structure traced by CO surveys and the individual protostellar cores revealed by
+interferometric observations.
+
+## Schema
+
+| Column | Type | Description |
+|--------|------|-------------|
+| `name` | string | PGCC catalog designation (e.g. PGCC G000.00+00.00) |
+| `glon_deg` | float64 | Galactic longitude (degrees) |
+| `glat_deg` | float64 | Galactic latitude (degrees) |
+| `ra_deg` | float64 | Right ascension J2000 (degrees) |
+| `dec_deg` | float64 | Declination J2000 (degrees) |
+| `snr` | float64 | snr |
+| `snr_857ghz` | float64 | Signal-to-noise ratio at 857 GHz |
+| `snr_545ghz` | float64 | Signal-to-noise ratio at 545 GHz |
+| `snr_353ghz` | float64 | Signal-to-noise ratio at 353 GHz |
+| `maj` | float64 | maj |
+| `e_maj` | float64 | e_maj |
+| `min` | float64 | min |
+| `e_min` | float64 | e_min |
+| `position_angle_deg` | float64 | Position angle of the major axis (degrees, east of north) |
+| `e_pa` | float64 | e_pa |
+| `f3000c` | float64 | f3000c |
+| `e_f3000c` | float64 | e_f3000c |
+| `f857c` | float64 | f857c |
+| `e_f857c` | float64 | e_f857c |
+| `f545c` | float64 | f545c |
+| `e_f545c` | float64 | e_f545c |
+| `f353c` | float64 | f353c |
+| `e_f353c` | float64 | e_f353c |
+| `f3000w` | float64 | f3000w |
+| `e_f3000w` | float64 | e_f3000w |
+| `f857w` | float64 | f857w |
+| `e_f857w` | float64 | e_f857w |
+| `f545w` | float64 | f545w |
+| `e_f545w` | float64 | e_f545w |
+| `f353w` | float64 | f353w |
+| `e_f353w` | float64 | e_f353w |
+| `q_flux` | int64 | q_flux |
+| `fblend` | int64 | fblend |
+| `fblenddist` | float64 | fblenddist |
+| `fblendb857` | float64 | fblendb857 |
+| `fblendb545` | float64 | fblendb545 |
+| `fblendb353` | float64 | fblendb353 |
+| `tempc` | float64 | tempc |
+| `e_tempc` | float64 | e_tempc |
+| `btempc` | float64 | btempc |
+| `betac` | float64 | betac |
+| `e_betac` | float64 | e_betac |
+| `bbetac` | float64 | bbetac |
+| `tempbeta2c` | float64 | tempbeta2c |
+| `e_tempbeta2c` | float64 | e_tempbeta2c |
+| `btempbeta2c` | float64 | btempbeta2c |
+| `tempw` | float64 | tempw |
+| `e_tempw` | float64 | e_tempw |
+| `btempw` | float64 | btempw |
+| `betaw` | float64 | betaw |
+| `e_betaw` | float64 | e_betaw |
+| `bbetaw` | float64 | bbetaw |
+| `tempbeta2w` | float64 | tempbeta2w |
+| `e_tempbeta2w` | float64 | e_tempbeta2w |
+| `btempbeta2w` | float64 | btempbeta2w |
+| `distoedr7` | float64 | distoedr7 |
+| `e_distoedr7` | float64 | e_distoedr7 |
+| `distne` | float64 | distne |
+| `e_distne` | float64 | e_distne |
+| `distmoc` | float64 | distmoc |
+| `e_distmoc` | float64 | e_distmoc |
+| `distopt` | int64 | distopt |
+| `q_dist` | int64 | q_dist |
+| `distance_pc` | float64 | Estimated distance (pc) |
+| `distance_err_pc` | float64 | Uncertainty on distance (pc) |
+| `mass` | float64 | mass |
+| `e_mass` | float64 | e_mass |
+| `b1mass` | float64 | b1mass |
+| `b2mass` | float64 | b2mass |
+| `b3mass` | float64 | b3mass |
+| `size` | float64 | size |
+| `e_size` | float64 | e_size |
+| `b1size` | float64 | b1size |
+| `b2size` | float64 | b2size |
+| `b3size` | float64 | b3size |
+| `dens` | float64 | dens |
+| `e_dens` | float64 | e_dens |
+| `b1dens` | float64 | b1dens |
+| `b2dens` | float64 | b2dens |
+| `b3dens` | float64 | b3dens |
+| `lum` | float64 | lum |
+| `column_density_cm2` | float64 | H2 column density (cm^-2) |
+| `column_density_err_cm2` | float64 | Uncertainty on H2 column density (cm^-2) |
+| `b1nh2` | float64 | b1nh2 |
+| `b2nh2` | float64 | b2nh2 |
+| `b3nh2` | float64 | b3nh2 |
+| `nhotsrc` | float64 | nhotsrc |
+| `flmc` | int64 | flmc |
+| `fsmc` | int64 | fsmc |
+| `fecc` | int64 | fecc |
+| `fpccs857` | int64 | fpccs857 |
+| `fpccs545` | int64 | fpccs545 |
+| `fpccs353` | int64 | fpccs353 |
+| `fpccs217` | int64 | fpccs217 |
+| `fpccs143` | int64 | fpccs143 |
+| `fpccs100` | int64 | fpccs100 |
+| `fpccs70` | int64 | fpccs70 |
+| `fpccs44` | int64 | fpccs44 |
+| `fpccs30` | int64 | fpccs30 |
+| `fpsz` | int64 | fpsz |
+| `fphz` | int64 | fphz |
+| `fhkpgcc` | int64 | fhkpgcc |
+
+## Quick stats
+
+- **13,242** cold clumps across the full Galactic sky
+- **0** with measured dust temperature (median 0.0 K, range 0.0--0.0 K)
+- **10,792** with H2 column density estimates
+- **5,628** with distance estimates
+
+## Usage
+
+```python
+from datasets import load_dataset
+
+ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/planck-cold-clumps", split="train")
+df = ds.to_pandas()
+
+# Coldest clumps (potential pre-stellar cores)
+coldest = df[df["temperature_k"] < 10].sort_values("temperature_k")
+print(f"{len(coldest):,} clumps colder than 10 K")
+
+# Clumps with high column density (dense cores)
+if "column_density_cm2" in df.columns:
+    dense = df[df["column_density_cm2"] > 1e22]
+    print(f"{len(dense):,} dense clumps (N_H2 > 10^22 cm^-2)")
+
+# Temperature distribution
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+df["temperature_k"].dropna().hist(bins=50)
+plt.xlabel("Dust Temperature (K)")
+plt.ylabel("Count")
+plt.title("PGCC Dust Temperature Distribution")
+```
+
+## Data source
+
+[Planck Catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps](https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-3?-source=VIII/106/pgcc),
+published by the Planck Collaboration (Planck Collaboration XXVIII, 2016, A&A, 594, A28),
+accessed via [VizieR](https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/), CDS Strasbourg.
+
+## Update schedule
+
+Static dataset. The PGCC is based on the final Planck data release and is not expected to change.
+
+## Related datasets
+
+- [planck-sz2-clusters](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/planck-sz2-clusters) -- Planck SZ2 galaxy cluster catalog
+- [nebula-catalog](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/nebula-catalog) -- Catalog of Galactic nebulae
+- [wise-hii-regions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/wise-hii-regions) -- WISE Catalog of Galactic HII Regions
+- [gaia-dr3-young-stellar-objects](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/gaia-dr3-young-stellar-objects) -- Gaia DR3 young stellar objects
+
+## Pipeline
+
+Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)
+
+## Support
+
+If you find this dataset useful, please give it a ❤️ on the [dataset page](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/planck-cold-clumps) and share feedback in the Community tab! Also consider giving a ⭐️ to the [space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) repo.
+
+## Citation
+
+```bibtex
+@dataset{planck_cold_clumps,
+  author = {Simon, Julien},
+  title = {Planck Catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCC)},
+  year = {2026},
+  publisher = {Hugging Face},
+  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/planck-cold-clumps},
+  note = {Based on Planck Collaboration XXVIII (2016, A\&A, 594, A28) via VizieR CDS Strasbourg}
+}
+```
+
+## License
+
+[CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

data/planck_pgcc.parquet

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