AbstractHomotrysismacleayi  in New Zealand. Evaluation of this evidence clearly indicates that the species is fully established in the wild in New Zealand. It is therefore recommended that the species be added to the New Zealand Organisms Register (NZOR), as exotic and present in the wild. Some general comments are offered on the importance of data and evidence in faunistics.The first detailed specimen records are presented for the Australian beetle  Homotrysismacleayi . Although I immediately recognised it as a species of alleculine tenebrionid unknown in New Zealand, it was not identified until I found others in 2012. These were identified as Homotrysismacleayi by Australian tenebrionid expert Dr. Eric Matthews . The species was validated new to N.Z., based on this material identified by Matthews, by Homotrysismacleayi (tenebrionid beetle), Acacia sp. (wattle), Auckland, General Surveillance). Nothing more has been published regarding the presence of this beetle in New Zealand. There is currently no record of it on the New Zealand Organisms Register (NZOR). It is therefore somewhat unclear what the status is of the species in New Zealand. Is it a permanently established member of the New Zealand fauna? Faunistics is the study of the presence/absence of species in a given area, such as New Zealand. Since we are scientists, and not stamp collectors, the presence of a given species in a given area should be stated with specification of the associated evidence for its presence. Presence/absence can change over time. Presence could be based on a single, possibly mislabelled and/or misidentified specimen, or by many independent specimen records taken over a long period of time. It is important to specify, but it is not often done. Similarly, presence could be based on a specimen or specimens representing only post border interceptions, without a breeding resident population. Only the systematic accumulation of data can establish the facts.In 2004, I collected what is probably the first New Zealand specimen of the Australian beetle https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Homotrysis_macleayiAlleculamacleayi Borchmann, 1909 Alleculaflavicornis Macleay, 1887 (objective synonym)Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: S.E. Thorpe; individualCount: 1; Taxon: scientificName: Homotrysismacleayi ; Location: country: New Zealand; stateProvince: Auckland; verbatimLocality: Auckland Domain; verbatimLatitude: 36.86385S; verbatimLongitude: 174.77501E; Identification: identifiedBy: Stephen E. Thorpe; Event: samplingProtocol: On trunk of Eucalyptus tree at night; eventDate: 2004-04-28; Record Level: institutionCode: Auckland Museum; collectionCode: AMNZ57969Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: S.E. Thorpe; individualCount: 3; Taxon: scientificName: Homotrysismacleayi ; Location: country: New Zealand; stateProvince: Auckland; verbatimLocality: Tamaki Campus (East), suburb of Saint Johns, Auckland; verbatimLatitude: 36.88615S; verbatimLongitude: 174.85258E; Identification: identifiedBy: Eric G. Matthews; Event: samplingProtocol: Under loose bark of chopped up wattle tree (possibly Paraserianthes lophantha); eventDate: 2012-03-08; Record Level: institutionCode: Auckland Museum; collectionCode: AMNZ86134 (1 specimen)Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: S.E. Thorpe; individualCount: 1; Taxon: scientificName: Homotrysismacleayi ; Location: country: New Zealand; stateProvince: Auckland; verbatimLocality: Tamaki Campus (East), suburb of Saint Johns, Auckland; verbatimLatitude: 36.88216S; verbatimLongitude: 174.85331E; Identification: identifiedBy: Stephen E. Thorpe; Event: samplingProtocol: Under bark of Pittosporum eugenioides stump, at edge of carpark.; eventDate: 2013-05-05; Record Level: institutionCode: Auckland Museum; collectionCode: AMNZ87636Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: S.E. Thorpe; individualCount: 1; Taxon: scientificName: Homotrysismacleayi ; Location: country: New Zealand; stateProvince: Auckland; verbatimLocality: Tamaki Campus (East), suburb of Saint Johns, Auckland; verbatimLatitude: 36.88100S; verbatimLongitude: 174.85310E; Identification: identifiedBy: Stephen E. Thorpe; Event: samplingProtocol: On dead tree fern frond, on ground, by pond; eventDate: 2014-01-09; Record Level: institutionCode: Auckland Museum; collectionCode: AMNZ87720Homotrysismacleayi is easily recognised as an alleculine tenebrionid. Fig. Homotrysismacleayi on four separate occasions, spread over a number of years , at two sites in the vicinity of metropolitan Auckland . Figs I have now collected Homotrysismacleayi. I have collected it on a trunk of a Eucalyptus tree at night, under the bark of a chopped up wattle tree , under the bark of a stump of the native tree Pittosporumeugenioides at the edge of a carpark, and on the ground on a dead tree fern frond. I have only collected the species from anthropogenic habitats in metropolitan Auckland.Little or nothing is known of the ecology of Homotrysismacleayi was proposed as a new replacement name by Alleculamacleayi) for Alleculaflavicornis Macleay, 1887 , which is a junior homonym of Alleculaflavicornis Kolbe, 1883 (West Africa). It therefore makes no sense that Homotrysisflavicornis (Macleay 1887) and Homotrysismacleayi , with different associated data!There is some published confusion regarding this species in Australia. Homotrysismacleayi is present in the wild in metropolitan Auckland, and has been present there for some 10 years. The identification has been validated by Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI). I therefore recommend that Homotrysismacleayi  be added to the New Zealand Organisms Register (NZOR), as exotic and present in the wild.The available data clearly indicates that a breeding population of


Critical Care, Oshiro and colleagues describe the profile of acute coagulopathy of trauma-shock (ACOTS) using viscoelastic techniques [In an interesting and original article in a recent issue of chniques . The autchniques –4]. How. HowCritchniques . In thischniques . RegardlSatoshi GandoWe appreciate the interest of Egea-Guerrero and colleagues in our article regarding DIC in trauma . We agreACOTS: Acute coagulopathy of trauma-shock; APC: Activated protein C; DIC: Disseminated intravascular coagulation; PAI-1: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 1951710.1038/srep19517; published online: 01222016; updated: 02252016.in vivo: A Biomarker for LDH Activity” was incorrectly given as “Lactate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (LATEST) Imaging in vivo A Biomarker for LDH Activity”. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.The original version of this Article contained an error in the title of the paper, where “Lactate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (LATEST) Imaging


There is an error in the funding statement. Please refer to the correct funding statement below.The authors received funding for this study from the following sources.http://www.sdcz.gov.cn/; Funding institution: Shandong Province Finance Bureau; Authors that received the funding: HZ;Grant number:Lu Cai Jiao Zhi (2013) 171;URL: http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/; Funding institution: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Authors that received the funding: WG;Grant number:81400573; URL: http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/; Funding institution: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Authors that received the funding: WG.Grant number:61471384; URL:


Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD), which can automate the detection process for ocular diseases, has attracted extensive attention from clinicians and researchers alike. It not only alleviates the burden on the clinicians by providing objective opinion with valuable insights, but also offers early detection and easy access for patients.We review ocular CAD methodologies for various data types. For each data type, we investigate the databases and the algorithms to detect different ocular diseases. Their advantages and shortcomings are analyzed and discussed.We have studied three types of data  that have been commonly used in existing methods for CAD. The recent developments in methods used in CAD of ocular diseases  are investigated and summarized comprehensively.While CAD for ocular diseases has shown considerable progress over the past years, the clinical importance of fully automatic CAD systems which are able to embed clinical knowledge and integrate heterogeneous data sources still show great potential for future breakthrough. Patients with ocular diseases are often unaware of the asymptomatic progression of the said disease  until atOwing to the fast pace of technological advancements in both hardware and software, many CAD systems have been developed for the diagnosis of ocular diseases over the past years, though most of them are still undergoing evaluation or clinical validation. For example, Fujita et al.  discusseThough such fully automated systems are not yet on the market, semi-automated and manual computer systems incorporating these CAD systems are relatively widely used, with several clinical publications already reporting on their usage. Examples of the development of such systems include IVAN  from UniThis survey covers three types of data for CAD systems: clinical data, image based data and genetic data. Clinical data refers to a patient’s demographic information  and data acquired from clinical laboratory tests or exams, e.g. intra-ocular pressure (IOP), but excludes data acquired from digital imaging or genomic tests . Image based data refers to images captured using an imaging device for observing the pathology in the affected part of the eye . Genetic information refers to any data obtained from an individual’s DNA, genes or proteins (Section “Result: predicting ocular diseases based on genetic information”). These definitions are specific to this paper and may vary depending on context. Of the three data types, CAD systems using clinical data has already been widely studied in the clinical field -10. As fThere have been surveys on retinal imaging in the area of ocular research ,13. HoweIn this work, we review research and development on automatic ocular disease diagnosis in the light of three data types, viz. clinical, image and genetic. For each data type, we investigate the algorithms and available databases developed for different ocular diseases. The associated publications were retrieved from two literature databases, PubMed and IEEEXplore. Considering the works which use images as data, to understand the major image modalities used for CAD applications and the trends of research areas, we summarize the statistics of image-based studies conducted on various ocular diseases. We examine the biomedical databases to extract the known genetic information regarding ocular diseases.The results of the review are presented in three sections: Sections “Result: CAD of ocular diseases based on clinical data” and “Result: CAD of ocular diseases based on imaging” describe the CAD of ocular diseases based on clinical data and ocular imaging respectively. Section “Result: predicting ocular diseases based on genetic information” concerns studies relating genomic informatics to disease prediction. Furthermore, in Section “Discussion” we discuss the observed trends in the field and the possibility of CAD systems based on integrated data sources.One of the pioneer research works on Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS), CASNET   or through a cultural sample of bacteria from the eye tested in a laboratory 31], a meResearch on CAD of PM has mainly relied on DFP but recently there have been efforts to explore the use of SS-OCT for PM analysis.An observable sign for PM detection is PPA, an atrophy of pre-existing retina tissue. The APAMEA system proposed by Liu et al.  was the Different features have been extracted from DFP for PM detection. APAMEA extracted a texture feature obtained through entropy analysis. In  BIF was μm range, which has improved their ability to penetrate deeper into tissues than the conventional SD-OCT instruments [SS-OCT uses a frequency swept laser as a light source  and, in truments . Though truments  reportedA brief review of cataract grading and CAD for corneal opacity is given below.Cataract is characterized by a cloudiness (opacity) in the eye lens which obstructs vision and can even lead to blindness. Cataract can be categorized into three types based on the location of opacity within the lens structure: nuclear, cortical and Posterior Sub-Capsular (PSC) . NuclearFigure Typical features used for grading CC and PSC include enhanced texture features , intensiCorneal haze describes the condition when the cornea becomes cloudy or opaque. The cornea is normally clear, so corneal haze can greatly impair vision. Although the haze can occur in any part of the cornea, it is most often found within the thicker, middle layer of the cornea, called the stroma. Corneal haze is most often caused by inflammatory cells and other debris that are activated during trauma, infection or surgery. Corneal haze sometimes occurs during laser vision correction procedures.Slit lamp imaging has been used to clinically estimate corneal haze manually by physicians but not automatically. For example, it was used to observe the cornea haze after excimer laser ablation of cornea ,287. SliThe above imaging modalities have been used in clinic with manual detection but till now, as far as we know, there is no automatic method based on these modalities. Currently, the existing automatic method is based on the most straightforward way: examining frontal photograph of eye ,291. In AMD: Age-related macular degeneration; AM-FM: Amplitude modulation-frequency modulation; BM: Bruch’s membrane; BMO: Bruch’s membrane opening; CAD: Computer aided detection; CASNET: Causal association network; CC: Cortical cataract; CCT: Central corneal thickness; CDR: Cup-to-disc ratio; CDSS: Clinical decision support systems; CME: Cystoid macular edema; CNV: Choroidal neovascularization; CSLO: Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy; DH: Disc haemorrhage; DR: Diabetic retinopathy; FBIF: Focal biologically inspired feature; GRI: Glaucoma risk index; GWAS: Genome-wide association studies; HALT: Histogram based adaptive local thresholding; HE: Hard exudates; HRT: Heidelberg retina tomography; ICA: Independent component analysis; IOP: Intra-ocular pressure; LASSO: Least absolute shrinkage selector operation; LDA: Linear discriminant analysis; MGG: Mixture of generalized Gaussian; MLP: Multilayer perceptron; MOG: Mixture of Gaussian; MRA: Moorfields regression analysis; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; MTA: Major temporal arcade; NC: Nuclear cataract; NCO: Neural canal opening; NRR: Neuro-retinal rim; OCT: Optical coherence tomography; OMIM: Online Mendelian inheritance in man; PCA: Principal component analysis; PM: Pathological myopia; PPA: Parapapillary atrophy; PSC: Posterior sub-capsular; QDA: Quadratic discriminant analysis; RNFL: Retina nerve fibre layer; RNFLT: Retina nerve fibre layer thickness; ROI: Region of interest; RPE: Retinal pigment epithelium; SAP: Standard automated perimetry; SD-OCT: Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography; SEAD: Symptomatic exudate-associated derangements; SIFT: Scale-invariant feature transform; SLIC: Simple linear iterative clustering; SLP: Scanning laser polarimetry; SNP: Single-nucleotide polymorphism; SNR: Signal to noise ratio; SS-OCT: Swept source-optical coherence tomography; SVDD: Support vector data description; SVM: Support vector machines; TCA: Topographic change analysis; VCD: Vertical cup diameter; VDD: Vertical disc diameter.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.ZZ conceived topic of this survey, did the review for ocular genomic data, and image related PM research and wrote the concerned parts of the manuscript. RS surveyed and wrote on Cataract and DR and consolidated the final manuscript. HL surveyed and wrote on the topics of AMD detection and corneal opacity detection. XC surveyed and wrote about Glaucoma screening and also enriched the section on CAD of ocular diseases based on clinical data. LD clarified the motivation of this survey and wrote the conclusion. JL, CKK and DWKW conceived of the survey and participated in designing it. TYW provided clinical advice. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6947/14/80/prepub


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1042210.1038/srep10422; published online: 05282015; updated: 10282015.The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Martin Nors Pedersen, which was incorrectly given as Martin Nors Perdersen.This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 16577; 10.1038/srep16577published online 11122015; updated: 01272016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Chae-Myeong Ha which was incorrectly given as Chae-Myung Ha. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications 6: Article number: 784110.1038/ncomms8841 (2015); Published: 07312015; Updated: 10222015.The original version of the Supplementary Information attached to this Article did not contain Supplementary Tables 1–7. The HTML has now been updated to include a corrected version of the Supplementary Information.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 24396; 10.1038/srep24396published online: 04182016; updated: 08252016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Paola Bolognesi, which was incorrectly given as Paolo Bolognesi. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 17665; 10.1038/srep17665 published online: 12072015; updated: 01202016.The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Konstantinos Karakostis, which was incorrectly given as Kostantinos Karakostis. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 23213; 10.1038/srep23213 published online: 03182016; updated: 04292016.The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Ana C. Glembotsky, which was incorrectly given as Ana C. Glembostky. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications7: Article number: 10268 10.1038/ncomms10268 (2016); Published: 01082016; Updated: 03032016The financial support for this article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following:This work was supported by the intramural research program of the NIMH (ZIA-MH-002498-24).


Nature Communications6, Article number: 7131 10.1038/ncomms8131 (2015); Published 05192015; Updated: 08262015.The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of circulation in the title of the paper, and in


The seventh and eighth authors’ names are spelled incorrectly. The correct names are: Flavia de Lima Alves and Juri Rappsilber.The authors contributions with the corrected initials are provide here:Conceived and designed the experiments: JG FT SCL BH JR. Performed the experiments: SCL BH PP FdLA SMG JG SY HT EdL. Analyzed the data: FdLA KS GVJ JG FT. Wrote the paper: JG FT EJF BH SCLThe 7th author’s current address is missing. Flavia de Lima Alves’ current address is: Centre for Microbial Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Ontario, CanadaThe affiliation for the 8th author is incomplete. Juri Rappsilber is affiliated with: Department of Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany in addition to the listed affiliation: 3. Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomThe following information is missing from the Funding section: The Wellcome Trust generously funded this work through a Senior Research Fellowship to JR (103139), a Centre core grant (092076) and an instrument grant (108504).


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 22440;10.1038/srep22440 Published online: 03012016; Updated: 06022016The following statement has been omitted from the ‘Additional Information’ section of the HTML version of this Article:“Data Availability: The images and spectra on which this paper is based may be publicly accessed and are stored at 10.17639/nott.35”.The PDF version of this Article was correct at the time of publication.


Nature Communications6: Article number: 10063 10.1038/ncomms10063 (2015); Published: 12212015; Updated: 04202016Staphylococcus aureus accession codes is incorrect, as follows:In Supplementary Data 3 of this Article, one of the SRR2101499 should be ERR1197981.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2907310.1038/srep29073; published online: 07012016; updated: 08192016.The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Daniela Fernandois, which was incorrectly given as Daniela Fernadois. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications 6: Article number: 6756 (2015); 10.1038/ncomms7756 Published: 04092015; Updated: 08212015.The affiliation details for Lin Xu and Xintian Hu are incorrect in this article. The correct affiliation for these authors is given below. Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.


There are errors in the Author Contributions section. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: HM MK. Performed the experiments: HM. Analyzed the data: HM JT MK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MK. Wrote the paper: HM MK JT.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 11699;10.1038/srep11699 Published online: 07012015; Updated: 05092016This Article contains an error in Figure 2: the arrow depicting the electric field should point right to left. The correct Figure 2 appears below as


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 22027; 10.1038/srep22027 published online: 02232016; updated: 06102016In the original version of this Article, an additional affiliation for Lin Chen and YiMing Zhu was omitted. The correct affiliation is listed below:Cooperative Innovation Center of Terahertz Science, Chengdu 611731, China.This error has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Description: Due to errors introduced in the production process, the Supporting Informationfiles were excluded. They can be found here:Table S1:  [^]


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2186410.1038/srep21864; published online: 02232016; updated: 05042016In this Article, Figure 4 is incorrect. The Figure legend is correct. The correct Figure 4 appears below as


Nature Communications6: Article Number: 744610.1038/ncomms8446 (2015); Published 07012015; Updated 12142015The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following:ST acknowledges financial support from Grant-in-Aid Research S No. 26220710.


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: PLA JS JM. Collected data: ELV JLR KG JS. Interpreted images: ELV JLR. Analyzed the data: ALGB ELV OJA. Wrote the paper: ALGB ELV BM.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 950210.1038/srep09502; published online: 03302015; updated: 09212015et al. (reference 31), but in that paper the relevant data are not shown.The results presented in Fig. 1B were produced by Wei Wang, Kun-Liang Guan and Michael Karin. The authors neglected to indicate that the same results were also reported by Parmigiani


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1591510.1038/srep15915; published online: 11032015; updated: 02052016In the Supplementary Information file originally published with this Article, the details of the beta testers in Supplementary Table S11 were incorrect. These errors have been corrected in the Supplementary Information that now accompanies the Article.


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: GL LX TF YC GJ HZ JW XC CW. Performed the experiments: GL LX TF JW. Analyzed the data: GL LX TF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GL. Wrote the paper: GL.Additionally, there is an error in the legends for Further, there is an error in the footnotes for


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1741310.1038/srep17413; published online: 11272015; updated: 01292016The Acknowledgements section in this Article is incomplete.“This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China .”should read:“We thank Min Zhao , Zhu Ba , Zhaoxia Zhang , and Xinbo Song  for helpful sample collection.This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China .”


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2012710.1038/srep20127; published online: 02162016; updated: 04202016.The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Maha Al-Asmakh, which was incorrectly given as Al-Asmakh Maha. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


The affiliation for the seventh author is incorrect. Ajit Varki is not affiliated with #4 but with #3 University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.The following information is missing from the Funding section: This work was also supported by NIH grants R01GM32373 and U01 CA199792 (to AV).There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: GFG YS HS JQ. Performed the experiments: HS JQ SD. Analyzed the data: HS JQ YS ZK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HS JQ YS HY XC. Wrote the paper: HS AV YS GFG. Collected the X-ray data and solved the structures: JQ. Array analysis and interpretation: ZK SD AV. Synthesis of glycans for array: HY XC.


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: LFT EMF. Performed the experiments: LFT WAdG EAJC. Analyzed the data: NAW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CNW SG PD LJSH EMF. Wrote the paper: NAW LFT PMA WAdG EAJC CNW SG PD LJSH EMF


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2266110.1038/srep22661; published online: 03032016; updated: 05042016In the Supplementary Information file originally published with this Article, references 32, 33 and 37 were incorrectly given as references 25, 26 and 35 respectively. These errors have been corrected in the Supplementary Information that now accompanies the Article.


Following publication of the original article , the autSuperficial venous thrombosisas a possible consequence of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine: two case reports.The incorrect title is:Superficial venous thrombosis as a possible consequence of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine: two case reports.The correct title is:The title has been updated above and the original article  has been


Donacaulaniloticus  is known from south-eastern Europe, Middle East and Turkey to Central Asia, northern India and China and widely distributed in North Africa .Donacaulaniloticus (Zeller 1867) is recorded for the first time from the Iberian Peninsula and the first DNA barcode sequence is published and compared with other European and North American Donacaula species. Crambidae  currently includes 10,343 species in 15 subfamilies worldwide of which 239 species in 29 genera belong to the subfamily Schoenobiinae , S.xanthopygataSchoenobiusgigantellus  collected from the saltmarshes of Adventus in Trebujena . The specimens collected have some consistent morphological features which differ from the other Donacaula species. In addition, mtDNA sequence(COI) were used to assess genetic divergence between the Donacaula species from Europe and North America.In this article, we provide the first record and DNA barcoding of During the sampling, one female specimen with a white discocellular spot and unpointed apex traits was collected Fig. a. AdditiThe specimen was pinned, wings spread and dried. Their external characters were examined in order to evaluate possible differences in colouration and wing shape. Furthermore, it was dissected using standard procedures  with minMZ920225).For DNA extraction, two legs were removed from the specimen in order to sequence the 658 base-pair long barcode segment of the mitochondrial COI gene . The tissue samples were submitted to the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding  to obtain DNA barcodes using the high-throughput protocol described in Donacaulaniloticus and the Donacaulaother  species from Europe and from North America, we included all sites with the pairwise deletion option. The public sequences of Donacaulaforficella , D.mucronella  from Europe and D.longirostrallus , D.maximellus , D.melinellus , D.sordidellus  and D.unipunctellus  from North America were obtained from the public database in BOLD. We selected Scirpophagapraelata , which is systematically related into subfamily Schoenobiinae as outgroup to root the trees.Voucher data, images, sequences and trace files are publicly available on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) . Sequencstrallus  BA57C87D-617C-568C-BEB0-08E4550B3C75Schoenobiusniloticus Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: J.J. Guerrero; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; disposition: in collection; Taxon: scientificName: Donacaulaniloticus ; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Lepidoptera; family: Crambidae; genus: Donacaula; specificEpithet: niloticus; taxonRank: species; verbatimTaxonRank: sp.; scientificNameAuthorship: ; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: country: Spain; stateProvince: Andalusia; county: Cadiz; locality: Trebujena, Saltmarshes of Adventus, Seno de la Esparraguera; verbatimCoordinates: 36°53'31.20"N 6°15'36.00"W; verbatimLatitude: 36°53'31.20"N; verbatimLongitude: 6°15'36.00"W; Identification: identifiedBy: J.J. Guerrero; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: light trap; eventDate: 08/09/2020; year: 2020; month: 9; day: 8; Record Level: institutionCode: ZAF-UMU; collectionCode: RCBA; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenDonacaulaniloticus according to the diagnosis in Donacaula, are for the male: forewing with dark brownish line from the costal margin to approximately the centre of the wing, parallel to the outer margin; and for the female: forewing with white discocellular spot and apex non-pointed. Integrating the evidence from COI mitochondrial DNA sequences and adult morphology, we conclude that the D.niloticus specimen collected in the saltmarshes of Adventus (Cádiz) is genetically different to other species included in the genus Donacaula from Europe and North America.The Iberian specimen showed morphological traits Figs , 2 typicDonacaulaniloticus and seven Donacaula species from Europe and North America, including Scirpophagapraelata as additional Schoenobiinae species, are presented in Table The COI divergences between All trees presented the same topology and were practically identical; therefore, only the ML tree is presented here with the branch tips collapsed since each of the groups of sequences correspond to a single BIN Fig. . The comDonacaulaniloticus in the riparian vegetation near to the mouth of the Guadalquivir River into the saltmarshes of Adventus  is confirmed by integrating the evidence from COI mitochondrial DNA sequences and adult morphology and is genetically different to the other two European and six North American Donacaula species. Molecular data indicate significant divergence with large mean distances amongst Donacaula species (13.0%) with maximum distance between D.sordidellus and D.longirostrallus and minimum distance between D.melinellus and D.mucronella (7.6%). In the case of D.niloticus, the distance to the European Donacaula species was 13% to D.forficella and 11.8% to D.mucronella, while the genetic divergence amongst D.forficella and D.mucronella was 13%. .The presence of  species 3.0% with%. Table . AlthougDonacaula is associated with various semi-aquatic and marsh plants where their larval stages live in stems or roots or on exposed and non-submerged leaves of Phragmitesaustralis, Glyceria spp. and Carex spp. These lepidopterans have developed various strategies and adaptations that have allowed them to stay in close proximity to water  which forms estuaries, salt marshes and marshes with a mixture of salty and fresh waters which is represented by the communities Cistancho-Arthrocnemetum macrostachyi, Polygono-Limoniastretum monopetaliSpartinetum maritimae, Puccinellio-Sarcocornietum perennis, Halimiono-Sarcocornietum alpini,  and, on the edge of the estuaries, the halonitrophilic community, Cistancho-Suaedetumverae. Sometimes, a plantation of Polygono-Tamaricetumafricanae may appear. The land use bordering the habitat are mainly agricultural fields  of the Data typeMaximum Likelihood tree (ML)Brief descriptionDonacaula species rooted with Scirpophagapraelata. Branch supports are represented by SH-aLRT/aBayes/UFBoot.Maximum Likelihood tree (ML)  including 99 sequences of selected File: oo_607849.pdfhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/607849Antonio S. Ortiz


Many flies have specially evolved feeding mechanisms to imbibe liquids of specific viscosities. Observations of feeding on atypical liquids are notable because of their rarity.Philolicherondani.We report the first record of intrusive fluid feeding on vertebrate carrion by  Diptera constitute one of the five taxonomically megadiverse insect orders 19FAFF98-8D86-5F61-BD1E-029FBC8D2480Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; behavior: feeding; occurrenceStatus: present; preparations: photograph; Taxon: scientificName: Philolicherondani; acceptedNameUsage: Philolicherondani; parentNameUsage: Tabanidae; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tabanidae; genus: Philoliche; specificEpithet: rondani; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: ; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: higherGeographyID: 7017573; higherGeography: Africa: South Africa: Limpopo: Mookgophong: ASDIA Wild Game Farm; continent: Africa; country: South Africa; countryCode: ZA; stateProvince: Limpopo; locality: ASDIA Wild Game Farm; verbatimLocality: ASDIA Wild Game Farm, Mookgophong region; locationAccordingTo: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names; verbatimCoordinates: 24°26'S 28°25'E; verbatimLatitude: 24°26'S; verbatimLongitude: 28°25'E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: degrees minutes; decimalLatitude: -24.43333; decimalLongitude: 28.41666; Identification: identifiedBy: John Chainey; Event: eventDate: 2014-12; startDayOfYear: 334; endDayOfYear: 365; year: 2014; month: 12; verbatimEventDate: December 2014; habitat: savanna; eventRemarks: about 18 hours post mortem; Record Level: type: StillImage; modified: 2014-12; rights: Content licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International; rightsHolder: R Boon; basisOfRecord: HumanObservation24°26'S, 28°25'E) in the Mookgophong area of Limpopo, South Africa, a female of Philoliche (Philoliche) rondani  was photographed visiting the carcass of a blue wildebeest ) cow that had died during calving  rondani specimens was taken from the KwaZulu-Natal Museum entomology collection (n = 15) and the average ratio of proboscis length  to head height  was measured using vernier calipers.A random selection of Tabanidae.Measurements of preserved specimens found the ratio of proboscis to head height to be 1.59:1 (n = 15). The minimum observed ratio was 1.15:1. In Fig. P. (P.) rondani is needed to establish the ability of these secretions to reverse the coagulation of blood. The reversal of coagulation is a likely explanation for this feeding observation, given the morphological specialisation in Philoliche.The average night time temperature in Mookgopong in December is 17.4°C, which is not low enough to delay decomposition or blood coagulation. Given the depth that the proboscis has penetrated and the time since death, intrusive feeding on coagulated blood is the most likely explanation for this observation. Further investigation into the oral secretions of Tabanidae at carcasses, but these observations have largely been dismissed as incidental (Tabaninae (three), Pangoniinae (one) and Scepsidinae (one). The variety in distribution and diversity of these observations indicates that more attention needs to be given to potential carcass feeding in Tabanidae and the potential range of viscosity in their food.Several authors have noted cidental . This maTabanidae provide evidence for their presence on a corpse and could show that a corpse has been moved after death (This behaviour is relevant to the field of forensic entomology and further investigation into the frequency of this behaviour is warranted. In future, known post-mortem bite marks should be documented, as the physiological response is likely to be different from that in pre-mortem bites. Post-mortem bite marks indicating feeding by er death .


Following publication of the original article , the autIncorrect: Kullbeck.Correct: Kullback.The original article has been corrected.


RSC Advances article due to a significant amount of unattributed text overlap with The Royal Society of Chemistry hereby wholly retracts this Somayeh Sohrabi, Nour kassir and Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji have not agreed to the retraction.RSC Advances Executive Editor.Signed: Laura Fisher, th November 2022.Date: 25


Following publication of the original article , the autGivenName: MshunqaneFamilyName: NombekoThe incorrect author’s name is:GivenName: NombekoFamilyName: MshunqaneThe correct author’s name is:The author group has been updated above and the original article  has been


Consent was added to this article: The patient provided consent (by signing on a consent document) at the time of tumor tissue and blood sample collection stating willingness to: Provide the required sample for tumor molecular profiling.Research use of deidentified data including publication of (deidentified) findings.4358-4363. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27809Original article: Oncotarget. 2020; 11:4358–4363.


Due to a publishing error the article: “The effect of cooling procedures on monomer elution from heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate denture base materials”, published at Journal of Applied Oral Science 2022;30:e20220161 was printed with the following error:Where it reads:It should read:Where it reads:It should read:


The seventh author’s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Shira Gur-Arieh. There is also an error in affiliation 6 for author Shira Gur-Arieh. The correct affiliation 6 is: The Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.


The original version of the above article contains errors that need to be corrected. Incorrect ALP staining images for Fig. Additional file 1: Fig. S3. The original gel images of BSP and ALP results in fig.3c. a The original gel image of BSP. b The original gel image of BSP with labels and marks. c The original gel image of ALP. d The original gel image of ALP with labels and marks. PDLSCS: periodontal ligament stem cell sheet; JBMMSCS: jaw bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheet; CSCS: composite stem cell sheet; Yellow arrows: the blots displayed in fig.3c (BSP and ALP).


The correct name is: Simon Traub. The correct citation is: Traub S, Pianykh OS (2022) An alternative to the black box: Strategy learning. PLoS ONE 17(3): e0264485.


Following publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect heading is: Transmittance electron microscopyThe correct heading is: Transmission electron microscopyThe incorrect name of the electron microscope is: Zeiss EM900The correct name of the electron microscope is: EM-10, Zeiss, GermanyThe original article  has been


Analysis of broad-spectrum antibiotic use in pneumonia revealed that 60% of patients were overtreated, highlighting the need for effective antibiotic stewardship practices.Systems such as the Drug Resistance in Pneumonia (DRIP) score select patients who are more likely to need broad spectrum antibiotics but still leads to overtreatment as it does not target specific pathogens. Rapid diagnostics such as the Unyvero Lower Respiratory Tract Panel (LRTP) can identify specific pathogens to narrow antibiotic use even further when combined with the DRIP score.max and DRIPmin were calculated assuming all missing elements were positive or negative respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the DRIP score vs culture and LRTP were determined. An algorithm for antibiotic selection based on the results of the DRIP score combined with the LRTP was applied to each patient  .Using an existing patient pool from a clinical trial of the LRTP (NCT01922024) a DRIP score was determined for each patient. When data elements of the DRIP score were unavailable a DRIPStenotrophomonas maltophilia Applying the algorithm to each patient based on the DRIP score and the LRTP improved antibiotic choices by reducing broad spectrum antibiotic and by more selectively targeting the identified pathogens earlier and eliminating use of multiple empiric antibiotics.The sensitivity of the DRIP score vs culture in this population was 91.2% and the specificity was 65.1%. DRIP score vs culture + LRTP combined had a sensitivity of 86.6% and a specificity of 66.3%., the lower sensitivity was mainly due to Using an antibiotic stewardship algorithm combining DRIP score with LRTP rapid diagnostic data, which results in 5 hours, can lead to improved prediction of the presence of drug resistant pathogens and aid in narrowing antibiotics. The LRTP compensates for the DRIP score only predicting presence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, not specific pathogens. The DRIP score can compensate for the LRTP only having limited antibiotic resistance markers on panel and not supplying phenotypic antibiotic resistance testing. Further study using a prospectively collected cohort with antibiotic adjustment in real time is needed for validation of our results.Matthew Sims, MD PhD, Astra Zeneca: Grant/Research Support|ContraFect: Grant/Research Support|Crestone: Grant/Research Support|Diasorin Molecular LLC: Grant/Research Support|Epigenomics Inc: Grant/Research Support|EUROIMMUN US: Grant/Research Support|Finch Theraputics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech USA Inc: Grant/Research Support|Janssen Research and Development LLC: Grant/Research Support|Kinevant Sciences GmBH: Grant/Research Support|Leonard-Meron Biosciences: Grant/Research Support|Lysovant: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|OpGen: Grant/Research Support|Prenosis: Advisor/Consultant|Prenosis: Grant/Research Support|Qiagen: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Seres Therapeutics Inc: Grant/Research Support|Shire: Grant/Research Support|Summit Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support.


Following publication of the original article , the autsection.The corrected Author contributions should read:The idea and design of project: MA; designed the experiments: HST, FF, PM; performed the experiments: HST; Analyzed data: HST, FF, PM; Wrote the paper: HST; Comprehensive reading and editing of the manuscript: MA, FF, PM.The authors affiliation has been updated above and the original article  has been


This series lists a pictorial quiz pertaining to identification of normal and abnormal anatomical structures and landmarks at a given level on computed tomography (CT). Readers are expected to identify and appreciate the changes from normal anatomy and variations of a given pathology. It is anticipated that this series will enhance the understanding of sectional anatomy of the brain to aid in brain CT interpretation. AnswersA: Frontal (anterior) horn of left lateral ventricleB Septum pellucidumC: Right lentiform nucleusD: Head of left caudate nucleusE: Right thalamusF: Posterior limb of the left internal capsule G: Occipital (posterior) horn of the left lateral ventricleH: Splenium of corpus callosum  The image is at the level of level of the basal ganglia which is group of paired deep grey matter nuclei including caudate and lentiform nucleus. Thin linear high density seen in the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles is due to calcification of the choroid plexus. Acute subdural hematoma characteristically appears as a crescent shaped high density area.Sub-acute subdural hematoma can be isodense to the normal brain parenchyma makings its detection difficult on CT. Chronic subdural hematoma is lower in density compared to the brain parenchyma.rd Ed. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011.1. Ryan S, McNicholas M, Eustace SJ. Anatomy for diagnostic imaging e-book. 32. Currie S, Kennish S, Flood K. Essential Radiological Anatomy for the MRCS. Cambridge University Press. 2009.3. Moeller T, Reif E. Pocket atlas of sectional anatomy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Vol. 1 Head and neck. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2013.


Due to a publishing error the article: “Preemptive analgesia with ibuprofen increases anesthetic efficacy in children with severe molar: a triple blind randomized clinical trial”, published at Journal of Applied Oral Science 2022;30:e20210538 was printed with the following error:Where it reads:Title: Preemptive analgesia with ibuprofen increases anesthetic efficacy in children with severe molar: a triple blind randomized clinical trialThe sentence should read:Title: Preemptive analgesia with ibuprofen increases anesthetic efficacy in children with severe molar hypomineralization: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial


The Sharr Mountains are one of the most important hotspots of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity in the Balkan Peninsula, with many endemic and rare species. The caddisfly studies in this area increased during the past years, although insufficiently investigated areas still remain.Potamophylaxhumoinsapiens sp. n. from the Sharr Mountains in the Republic of Kosovo, which is morphologically closest to Potamophylaxidliri Ibrahimi, Bilalli & Kučinić, 2022 and Potamophylaxjuliani Kumanski, 1999. The males of the new species differ from all known species of the Potamophylaxwinneguthi Species Group by their uniquely-shaped parameres, which are long, bulbous in their basal half and thin in the remaining length, with a bunch of very thin and long, hair-like spines, grouped uniformly at the apex. The new species further differs from its most similar congeners by its very wide distance between the dorsal and ventral edges of the apical part of inferior appendages in lateral view. The new species was found at three localities from 1416 to 1505 m a.s.l.In this paper, we describe a new species, Potamophylaxwinneguthi Species Group, which have very narrow distribution areas, we posit that Potamophylaxhumoinsapiens sp. n. is a microendemic of the Sharr Mountains. The new species is the second known caddisfly species occurring only in the Kosovan part of the Sharr Mountains.Similar to the other species of the  The knowledge about the caddisflies of Kosovo has increased significantly over the past decade. Only few species were known before 2011 e.g.  and the The Sharr Mountains are one of the most important hotspots of freshwater and terrestrial biodiversity in the Balkan Peninsula, with many endemic and rare plant and animal species e.g. . This moPotamophylaxwinneguthi Species Group from the Sharr Mountains in Kosovo and also discuss morphological, molecular and ecological features of the Potamophylaxwinneguthi Species Cluster.In this paper, we describe a new species of the Fieldwork, identification and taxonomic work. We collected adults of the new species with ultraviolet light traps. Nocturnal light trapping followed Potamophylaxhumoinsapiens sp. n., we used specimens of Potamophylaxjuliani Kumanski, 1999, Potamophylaxwinneguthi Malicky, 1999  and Morphological characteristics of male terminalia of the new species were examined in specimens cleared in 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH). Nomenclature of male terminalia follows Potamophylaxhumoinsapiens sp. n. were analysed from 12 male specimens by using the Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope. Illustrations were prepared in Adobe Illustrator (version Creative Cloud 2018) by digitising pencil templates drawn in the pictures taken with Olympus SC50 camera.Morphological features of genitalia of Specimens of the new species were collected at three localities in the Sharr Mountains, belonging to the Shtërpce and Prizren Municipalities Fig. Ibrahimi & Bilallisp. n.721160E4-BE2A-5F10-A8A4-8B4BA1A0840895A49795-937A-419F-BA72-A85AD2C1C98EType status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Halil Ibrahimi, Astrit Bilalli; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 6E91A186-F8FF-5E67-A55C-F4BF514BD704; Taxon: class: Insecta; order: Trichoptera; family: Limnephilidae; genus: Potamophylax; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: continent: Europe; waterBody: Aegean Sea Basin; country: Kosovo; countryCode: XKS; municipality: Shtërpce; locality: main road towards Prevallë; verbatimLocality: sidestream of the Lepenc River; verbatimElevation: 1416; decimalLatitude: 42.172804; decimalLongitude: 20.969464; Event: samplingProtocol: UV light trap; year: 2021; month: 11; day: 12Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Halil Ibrahimi, Astrit Bilalli; individualCount: 12; sex: males; lifeStage: adults; occurrenceID: 89E22BF4-8039-5F0B-A92B-6620CF80DFB8; Taxon: class: Insecta; order: Trichoptera; family: Limnephilidae; genus: Potamophylax; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: continent: Europe; waterBody: Aegean Sea Basin; country: Kosovo; countryCode: XKS; municipality: Shtërpce; locality: main road towards Prevallë; verbatimLocality: sidestream of the Lepenc River; verbatimElevation: 1416; decimalLatitude: 42.172804; decimalLongitude: 20.969464; Event: samplingProtocol: UV light trap; year: 2021; month: 11; day: 12Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Halil Ibrahimi, Astrit Bilalli; individualCount: 20; sex: males; lifeStage: adults; occurrenceID: 97FDA7E5-5061-50AA-9C21-CE0ADE296551; Taxon: class: Insecta; order: Trichoptera; family: Limnephilidae; genus: Potamophylax; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: continent: Europe; waterBody: Aegean Sea Basin; country: Kosovo; countryCode: XKS; municipality: Shtërpce; locality: 2 km away from the main road Shtërpce - Prevallë; verbatimLocality: Lepenc River; verbatimElevation: 1505; decimalLatitude: 42.176299; decimalLongitude: 20.984170; Event: samplingProtocol: UV light trap; year: 2021; month: 11; day: 20Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Halil Ibrahimi, Astrit Bilalli; individualCount: 7; sex: males; lifeStage: adults; occurrenceID: 68CC6836-CFAE-5D3A-8226-FA10865B105E; Taxon: class: Insecta; order: Trichoptera; family: Limnephilidae; genus: Potamophylax; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: continent: Europe; waterBody: Aegean Sea Basin; country: Kosovo; countryCode: XKS; municipality: Shtërpce; locality: few kilometers before Brezovica ski center; verbatimLocality: tributary of the Lepenc River; verbatimElevation: 1457; decimalLatitude: 42.185053; decimalLongitude: 21.006089; Event: samplingProtocol: UV light trap; year: 2021; month: 11; day: 12Male. General appearance  in lateral view very long paramere shaft, bulbous in basal half, thin in the remaining length; (2) median ventral incision on paramere shaft in lateral view; (3) parallel set-up of the basal 2/3rd of parameres on ventral view, with distal thirds diverging greatly from each other; (4) 30-40 very thin and long apical hair-like spines on parameres, grouped uniformly, curved and directed mesad in lateral view, almost reaching apex of the aedeagus in ventral view; (5) very wide distance between the dorsal and ventral corners of the apical part of inferior appendages, 2.1 times wider than in P.coronavirus, 1.4 times wider than in P.idliri and 1.2 times wider than in P.juliani; and (6) longer ventral edge of inferior appendages. The P.idliri male has long shaft of parameres, very narrow mesally, wide apically on lateral view; ventral incision on paramere shaft is located right after the basal third on lateral view; parallel set-up of the basal 1/3rd of parameres, with the remaining length gradually diverging from each other on ventral view; 10-15 medium long and very thick apical spines of different sizes on parameres, grouped irregularly, directed mesad; longer ventral edge of inferior appendages on lateral view. The P.juliani male has a short shaft of parameres with wider basal half on lateral view without any incision; parallel set-up of parameres, only with apices diverging from each other on ventral view; medium long 5-10 medium thick apical spines on parameres; ventral and dorsal corners of inferior appendages parallel to each other, directed mesad on lateral view. The P.coronavirus male has a short shaft of parameres, slightly wider on basal half on lateral view; ventral margin of paramere shaft straight, without any incision on lateral view; parallel set-up of parameres, only with apices diverging from each other, on ventral view; short, thick 5-10 apical spines on parameres; ventral and dorsal corners of inferior appendages parallel to each other, directed mesad on lateral view.Males of the new species are most similar to those of ies Figs , 8. The The species epithet is a combination of two Latin words, ‘humo’, which in English means ‘to cover with soil, to bury’ and ‘insapiens’ meaning ‘unwise’ and refers to the unwise and careless treatment of habitats of the new species, degraded greatly during the past years by hydropower plants and other activities. In some segments, the whole parts of the Lepenc River are ‘buried’ in large pipes.Potamophylaxhumoinsapiens sp. n. was found at three localities during 2021 in the Sharr Mountains, in the tributaries of the Lepenc River. All sampling sites are located inside a forested area. The substrates of streams close to the sampling sites were dominated by meso- to macrolithal substrate, surrounded by dense riparian vegetation. The species was captured only by ultraviolet light traps. The species was collected during October and November, implying it has an autumn flying period. All sampling sites are located in upstream sections of streams and rivers.Potamophylaxhumoinsapiens sp. n. have been found during 2009 in tributaries of the Lepenc and Lumbardhi i Prizrenit Rivers. The genetic distinction, calculated based on sequencing of the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) between Potamophylaxhumoinsapiens sp. n. and other species of the Potamophylaxwinneguthi Species Group, was found to be on par with those of the other morphologically recognised species in the group and especially the other five species of the P.winneguthi Species Cluster (Potamophylaxhumoinsapiens sp. n. is Potamophylaxidliri from the Jastrebac Mountains in Serbia, with the p-distance of 4%. However, due to the low number of specimens, we refrained from describing it as a new species at that time. During 2021, we collected a large number of male specimens and, based on a large scale analysis of more than 40 male specimens, we realised that the differences in paramere shape, spine pattern, inferior appendages and other characters are stable and easily distinguishable from all other species of this Species Group.Two male specimens of  Cluster . These mPotamophylaxwinneguthi Species Cluster contains six species, all of them confined to certain mountains of the Balkan Peninsula. Species of this cluster have diversified in several characters of the male terminalia, the most visible being paramere shaft shape and size, paramere spine pattern and length and inferior appendages shape. Paramere shaft varies in length, width of basal and apical parts, as well as the curvature. Paramere spine pattern is especially diverse in this species complex. Spines vary from being very thick in P.winneguthi, medium thick in P.juliani, P.idliri and P.coronavirus and very thin and hair-like in P.humoinsapiens sp. n. Length of paramere spines varies from very short as 1/5th of the total paramere shaft lengh in P.juliani and P.coronavirus, as 1/3rd of paramere shaft in P.idliri, as half of paramere shaft in P.humoinsapiens sp. n. and as long as paramere shaft in P.winneguthi. In P.haidukorum Malicky, 1999 spines are lacking completely and paramere shaft is long and slender. The level of divergence in the female terminalia remains to be studied, as currently only females of P.juliani, P.winneguthi and P.haidukorum are described (Currently the escribed .Potamophylaxwinneguthi Species Group are all found at isolated habitats at different mountain ranges of the Balkan Peninsula, usually at upstream segments of streams and rivers. These habitats have deteriorated heavily during the past decades by illegal logging, pollution and water extraction. Considering the fact that all species of this cluster up to now are known to be microscale endemics of certain mountain ranges, we posit that other new species will be found in the Balkans in future.Species of the Potamophylaxhumoinsapiens sp. n. is the second known endemic caddisfly species occurring only in the Kosovan part of the Sharr Mountains, the first one being Drusussharrensis Ibrahimi, Kučinić & Vitecek, 2015. This part of the Sharr Mountains represents the spring and upstream area of two rivers, namely Lepenc and Lumbardhi i Prizrenit. During the past decade, both rivers have deteriorated heavily, primarily by construction of dams and hydropower plants, illegal logging and pollution. Some of these activities occur in the very vicinity of the freshwater ecosystems where the new species is found. During the sampling of 2021, the new species was not found at one of the localities where it was sampled during 2009. Although large areas of upstream segments of both rivers are within the borders of the protected area, more law enforcement activities in the field are needed in order to protect unique freshwater diversity of this part of the Sharr Mountains, including the newly-described species Potamophylaxhumoinsapiens sp. n.


Abstract: ; Results: 9678 participants .There were some errors in the original publication in the Abstract and Results sections . AbstracAbstract, line 6: ; Results, Paragraph 1, line 1: 9775 participants .A correction has been made to The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.


The Department of Acute Kidney Injury (IRA) of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology prepared this document for the purpose of standardizing AKI terminology and dialysis modalities in the Portuguese language for Brazil. Several terms with similar meanings have been used in AKI and its dialysis modalities, causing confusion and disparities among patients, nephrologists, health institutions, private care companies, insurance companies and government entities. These disparities can impact medical care, hospital organization and care, as well as the funding and reimbursement of AKI-related procedures. Thus, consensual nomenclature and definitions were developed, including the definitions of AKI, acute kidney disease (AKD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Additionally, we addressed all dialysis modalities and extracorporeal procedures related to AKI, currently approved and available in the country. The Brazilian Society of Nephrology hopes that this Consensus can standardize the terminology and provide technical support to all involved in AKI care in Brazil. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in hospitalized patients, especially in ICUs, still causing high rates of morbidity and mortality. AKI can also occur in outpatients and in the community, often related to socioeconomic and cultural conditions. Several terms with similar meanings have been used in AKI and its dialysis modalities, causing confusion and disparities among patients, nephrologists, healthcare institutions, private care companies, insurance companies and government entities. These disparities can impact medical care, hospital organization and care, as well as the funding and reimbursement of AKI-related procedures. Thus, we worked on the terminology and consensual definitions, including the definitions of AKI, acute kidney disease (AKD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Additionally, all dialysis modalities and extracorporeal procedures related to AKI, currently approved and available in the country, were addressed in this document by the AKI Department of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology.. An additional advantage of using the term “injury” is that it encompasses initial cases with cellular and tissue functional alterations to cases of established anatomical lesions. Therefore, it is suggested to avoid the term acute kidney lesion (AKL), which would be restricted to cases of anatomic kidney lesion.Preferably, use the term Acute Kidney Injury, in order to maintain the acronym AKI, which is well established and widespread in our country. In addition, the term was also approved in the Ibero-American Consensus on the Uniformity of Nomenclatures, observing the deliberations proposed by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) panelWe must also avoid the term “failure”, as it denotes a more advanced stage of renal failure.2 or when dialysis is required .- Single-pass albumin dialysis. Single-pass albumin dialysis (SPAD).- Hemoperfusion to remove bilirubin and bile salts (uses the same system as hemoperfusion to remove medium molecules).Note: Therapeutic plasma exchange may be considered as artificial liver support.2). Extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R).- Extracorporeal removal of carbon dioxide  and high partition (high cutoff).- Dialysis solution: polyelectrolytic concentrate for hemodialysis.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.- Duration: up to 6 hours.- Technique: hemofiltration.- Removal mechanism: convection.- Equipment: hemodialysis machine and machines capable of performing ultrafiltration alone.- Device: membrane filters with biocompatible polymer.- Filter type: low flow, high flow, medium partition (medium cutoff) and high partition (high cutoff).- Dialysis solution: not applicable.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.- Duration: up to 6 hours.- Technique: hemodialysis and hemofiltration.- Removal mechanism: diffusion and convection.- Equipment: hemodialysis machine with module for hemodiafiltration.- Device: membrane filters with biocompatible polymer.- Filter type: high flow.- Dialysis and replacement solution: polyelectrolytic concentrate for hemodialysis.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, hemodialysis rooms or in intensive and semi-intensive care units, with ultrapure water criteria.- Duration: 6 to 12 hours.- Technique: hemodialysis.- Removal mechanism: diffusion.- Equipment: hemodialysis machine.- Device: membrane filters with biocompatible polymer.- Filter type: low flow, high flow, medium partition (medium cutoff) and high partition (high cutoff).- Dialysis solution: polyelectrolytic concentrate for hemodialysis.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.- Duration: 6 to 12 hours.- Technique: hemofiltration.- Removal mechanism: convection.- Equipment: hemodialysis machine and machines capable of performing ultrafiltration alone.- Device: membrane filters with biocompatible polymer.- Filter type: low flow, high flow, medium partition (medium cutoff) and high partition (high cutoff).- Dialysis solution: not applicable.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.- Duration: 6 to 12 hours.- Technique: hemodialysis and hemofiltration.- Removal mechanism: diffusion and convection.- Equipment: hemodialysis machine with module for hemodiafiltration.- Device: membrane filters with biocompatible polymer.- Filter type: high flow.- Dialysis and replacement solution: polyelectrolytic concentrate for hemodialysis.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in an intensive and semi-intensive care unit, with ultrapure water.- Duration: > 12 hours.- Technique: hemodialysis, hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration.- Removal mechanism: diffusion, convection and adsorption.- Equipment: continuous hemodiafiltration machine with autonomy for uninterrupted operation for more than 24 hours.- Device: membrane filters with biocompatible polymer.- Filter type: high flow and high partition (high cutoff).- Dialysis and replacement solution: specific electrolyte solutions for continuous hemodiafiltration.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: intensive and semi-intensive care units and surgical center.- Duration: > 12 hours.- Technique: hemofiltration.- Removal mechanism: convection.- Equipment: continuous hemodialysis machines and specific equipment for isolated ultrafiltration, with autonomy for uninterrupted operation of more than 24 hours.- Device: membrane filters with biocompatible polymer.- Filter type: low or high flow.- Dialysis and replacement solution: not applicable.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: intensive and semi-intensive care units and surgical center.- Duration: up to 12 hours.- Volume: up to 12 L.- Technique: peritoneal dialysis.- Removal mechanism: diffusion.- Equipment: not applicable.- Solutions: hypertonic glucose or icodextrin.- Anticoagulation: not applicable.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.- Duration: > 12 hours.- Standard volume: up to 12 L.- Technique: peritoneal dialysis.- Removal mechanism: diffusion.- Equipment: not applicable.- Anticoagulation: not applicable.- Solutions: hypertonic glucose, icodextrin.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.- Duration: up to 12 hours.- Standard volume: up to 12 L.- Technique: peritoneal dialysis.- Removal mechanism: diffusion.- Equipment: cycling machine.- Solutions: hypertonic glucose or icodextrin.- Anticoagulation: not applicable.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.Note: the term “automated” implies the need for a specific machine for this therapy.- Duration: > 12 hours.- Standard volume: up to 12 L.- Technique: peritoneal dialysis.- Removal mechanism: diffusion.- Equipment: cycling machine.- Solutions: hypertonic glucose.- Anticoagulation: not applicable.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.- Duration: > 12 hours.- Standard volume: > 12 L up to 42 L.- Technique: peritoneal dialysis.- Removal mechanism: diffusion.- Equipment: cycling machine.- Solutions: hypertonic glucose.- Anticoagulation: not applicable.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.- Duration: 2-6 hours.- Technique: hemofiltration.- Removal mechanism: convection limited by the size of the molecule.- Equipment: hemodialysis or continuous hemodiafiltration machine with plasmapheresis module.- Device: membrane filters with biocompatible polymer.- Filter type: plasma filter.- Replacement solution: solution with human albumin, fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.- Duration: 2-6 hours.- Technique: centrifugation.- Removal mechanism: sedimentation by specific gravity.- Equipment: centrifuge machine.- Device: not applicable.- Filter type: not applicable.- Replacement solution: solution with human albumin, fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.- Duration: 2-24 hours.- Technique: hemoperfusion.- Removal mechanism: adsorption.- Equipment: hemodialysis machines, continuous procedure machines or specific machines for hemoperfusion, or cartridges connected to the extracorporeal circulation circuit or to the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit, in these situations without the need for specific equipment.- Device: cartridges with resins or microspheres.- Filter type: not applicable.- Dialysis and replacement solution:- In case of use of a specific machine for hemoperfusion: not applicable.- If using a hemodialysis or hemofiltration machine: specific electrolyte solutions.- In case of use of continuous hemodiafiltration machine: specific electrolyte solutions for continuous hemodiafiltration.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis, intensive care unit, semi-intensive care unit and surgical center.- Duration: 2-4 hours.- Technique: hemoperfusion.- Removal mechanism: adsorption.- Equipment: specific machine for hemoperfusion, hemodialysis machine or continuous hemodiafiltration connected in series with the pre- or post-filter extracorporeal circuit.- Device: cartridge with synthetic resins with specific adsorptive capacity.- Filter type: not applicable.- Dialysis and replacement solution:- In case of use of a specific machine for hemoperfusion: not applicable.- If using a hemodialysis or hemofiltration machine: specific electrolyte solutions.- In case of use of continuous hemodiafiltration machine: specific electrolyte solutions for continuous hemodiafiltration.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: intensive and semi-intensive care unit.- Duration: 6-8 hours.- Technique: hemodialysis and perfusion for regeneration of the albumin solution.- Removal mechanism: diffusion and adsorption by albumin.- Equipment: specific machine coupled to a continuous hemodiafiltration or hemodialysis machine.- Device: membrane filters with biocompatible polymer, with parallel circuit of activated carbon cartridge and ion exchanger cartridge, for recirculation of solution with albumin.- Type of filter: low flow  and high flow .- Dialysis and replacement solution: specific electrolyte solutions for continuous hemodiafiltration. Human albumin solution for the parallel circuit.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: intensive and semi-intensive care unit.- Duration: 6-8 hours.- Technique: hemodialysis.- Removal mechanism: diffusion.- Equipment: continuous hemodiafiltration machine with autonomy for uninterrupted operation for more than 24 hours.- Device: membrane filters with biocompatible polymer.- Filter type: high flow and high partition (high cutoff).- Dialysis solution: specific electrolyte solutions for continuous hemodiafiltration with the addition of human albumin.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis or in intensive and semi-intensive care units.- Duration: 2-24 hours.- Technique: hemoperfusion.- Removal mechanism: adsorption.- Equipment: hemodialysis machines, continuous procedure machines or specific machines for hemoperfusion, or cartridges connected to the extracorporeal circulation circuit or to the extracorporeal blood oxygenation (ECMO) circuit, in these situations without the need for specific equipment.- Device: cartridges with resins or microspheres.- Filter type: not applicable.- Dialysis and replacement solution:- In case of use of a specific machine for hemoperfusion: not applicable.- If using a hemodialysis or hemofiltration machine: specific electrolyte solutions.- In case of continuous hemodiafiltration machine use: specific electrolyte solutions for continuous hemodiafiltration.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight), citrate or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: preferably in individualized rooms, rooms for hemodialysis, intensive care unit, semi-intensive care unit and surgical center.- Duration: >48 h.- Technique: hemodialysis.- Removal mechanism: diffusion of gases.- Equipment: specific machine for hemoperfusion, continuous hemodiafiltration machine coupled to the oxygenating membrane.- Device: oxygenating membrane.- Filter type: not applicable.- Sweep gas: oxygen.- Dialysis and replacement solution:- In case of use of a specific machine for hemoperfusion: not applicable.- In case of use of continuous hemodiafiltration machine: specific electrolyte solutions for continuous hemodiafiltration.- Anticoagulation: heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight) or without anticoagulation.- Place of treatment: intensive care unit.The AKI Department of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology prepared this document in order to standardize the terminology and definitions related to AKI.Terminology and consensual definitions were addressed, including definitions of AKI, acute kidney disease (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). All dialysis modalities and extracorporeal procedures related to AKI, currently approved and available in the country, were described. The Brazilian Society of Nephrology hopes that this Consensus can standardize the terminology and provide technical support to all sectors involved in AKI assistance in Brazil.


Glycinemax) is a major source of edible oil and protein. A novel species of the genus Pythium, Pythiumhuanghuaiense, isolated from soybean seedlings in China, is described and illustrated on the basis of morphological characters and molecular evidence.Soybean (Pythiumhuanghuaiense sp. nov. is closely related to species of the genus Pythium in clade F, as evidenced by the presence of hyphal swellings and its relatively rapid morphological growth. However, it differs by having relatively small sporangia and plerotic or nearly plerotic and thin-walled oospores. A pathogenicity test confirmed the newly-identified species as a pathogen of soybean. Pythium Pringsheim are diverse, occupying a variety of habitats , wheat (Triticum spp.) and corn (Zeamays)  . Some Pyic fungi . To datein China .Pythium in the Huang-Huai Valley, a novel species of clade F was identified, based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (Cox1) sequence data. The novel species is described and illustrated in this work. Moreover, comparisons of the novel species with morphologically and phylogenetically related species are also provided.Huang-Huai Valley is one of the main areas of soybean farming in China, covering an enormous area in Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu and Henan Provinces between the Yellow River and the Haihe River. During the studies on the diversity of During April and August 2016, 60 plants of soybean cultivar 'Hefeng 47' exhibiting seedling blight, damping off and root rot were collected from three fields in the Huang-Huai region of China. 'Hefeng 47' is commonly grown in the Huang-Huai Valley. The fields were located in Jining of Shandong Province, Suzhou of Anhui Province and Nanjing of Jiangsu Province, which are representative geographic locations in the Huang-Huai region. Soybean plants were sampled from fields at approximately 10 m intervals along a 150 m transect laid out in a “W” pattern.Soybean plants were washed three times with sterile water and six sections of 0.5–1 cm length were cut from the roots of each plants using a sterile scalpel. One section was taken from the root tip, one from the interface between the hypocotyl and soil and the others at either the middle of the root or a symptomatic area along the length of the root. The sections were blotted dry and embedded in selective V8 juice agar (V8A) containing rifampicin (50 mg/l), ampicillin (50 mg/l) and pentachloronitrobenzene (50 mg/l) and incubated for 2–3 days in the dark at 25°C. When mycelial growth was observed, cultures were purified by transferring a small piece of medium with mycelium at the edge of a colony to fresh medium or by transferring a single hyphal tip on to water agar three times.The cultures studied were deposited in the Herbaria of the Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University (BJFC), Beijing, China; the College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University (NJAU), Nanjing, China; and the College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry (JAFLA), Zhenjiang, China. Purified isolates were examined after incubation for 2–3 days at 25°C on V8A in the dark. Colony patterns of the representative isolate of the novel species were examined after incubation for 3 days at 25°C on corn meal agar (CMA), potato carrot agar (PCA) and V8A media . IsolateDNA extraction, amplification, sequencing and sequence alignmentA cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) rapid plant genome extraction kit  was used to extract total genomic DNA from purified isolates and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions . PCR amphttp://purl.org/phylo/treebase; submission ID S24209).Sequences, generated in this study, were aligned with additional sequences downloaded from GenBank Table  using ClPhylogenetic analysesSaprolegniaparasitica Coker were used as outgroups ; language: enType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Jiajia Chen; Taxon: scientificName: Pythiumhuanghuaiense; class: Oomycetes; order: Pythiales; family: Pythiaceae; genus: Pythium; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Jiangsu; locality: Nanjing, Jiangning District, Pengfu Village; Identification: identifiedBy: Jiajia Chen & Xiaobo Zheng; Event: year: 2016; month: 4; day: 1; habitat: Glycinemaxon seedlings of ; Record Level: type: Chen 95  & Chen 96 ; language: enType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Jiajia Chen; Taxon: scientificName: Pythiumhuanghuaiense; class: Oomycetes; order: Pythiales; family: Pythiaceae; genus: Pythium; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Anhui; locality: Suzhou; Identification: identifiedBy: Jiajia Chen & Xiaobo Zheng; Event: year: 2016; month: 7; habitat: Glycinemaxon seedlings of ; Record Level: type: Chen 99 ; language: enType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Jiajia Chen; Taxon: scientificName: Pythiumhuanghuaiense; class: Oomycetes; order: Pythiales; family: Pythiaceae; genus: Pythium; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Shandong; locality: Jining; Identification: identifiedBy: Jiajia Chen & Xiaobo Zheng; Event: year: 2016; month: 8; habitat: Glycinemaxon seedlings of ; Record Level: type: Chen 100 ; language: enType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Jiajia Chen; Taxon: scientificName: Pythiumhuanghuaiense; class: Oomycetes; order: Pythiales; family: Pythiaceae; genus: Pythium; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Jiangsu; locality: Nanjing, Jiangning District, Pengfu Village; Identification: identifiedBy: Jiajia Chen & Xiaobo Zheng; Event: year: 2016; month: 4; day: 29; habitat: Glycinemaxon seedlings of ; Record Level: type: JAFLA 94, NJAU-JN11 ; language: enPathogenic on soybean. Colonies submerged, with a cottony pattern on CMA, a rosette pattern on PCA and a cottony pattern on 10% V8A Fig. . CardinaWith reference to the distribution of the species in the Huang-Huai area of China.Pythiumhuanghuaiense can be distinguished morphologically from its closest relatives, including P.mamillatum Meurs, P.paroecandrum Drechsler, P.spiculum B. Paul and P.wuhanense Y.Y. Long, J.G. Wei & L.D. Guo, by its narrower hyphae and relatively higher maximum growth rate. Additional differences between the novel species and other related species are listed in Table Pythium , representing an unknown species of Pythium, were obtained from soybean plant samples collected from three fields in three cities during April and August 2016.Five cultures of Pythiumhuanghuaiense, showed the best phylogenetic matches with species of clade F in Pythium , indicating that they are phylogenetically distinct from other species of clade F in Pythium  significantly stunted and reduced the growth of soybean seedlings compared with uninoculated controls ; mostly monoclinous, sometimes hypogynous antheridia; sub-globose, club-shaped or fist-shaped antheridial cells; and plerotic or nearly plerotic and thin-walled oospores (0.5–1.5 µm).Pythium can be split into 11 clades (A-K), of which clade F is composed of species with either globose, non-proliferating sporangia or globose hyphal swellings (only P.irregulare Buisman develops both) and a fast growth rate  was highly pathogenic on soybean and wheat (Pythium spp. associated with soybean in China, the novel species, P.huanghuaiense, was identified and described in this study on the basis of morphological characteristics and ITS and Cox1 sequence data. Additional pathogenicity tests and studies on the economic impact of P.huanghuaiense on soybean and other crop plants will be conducted in the future.Soybean is a major source of edible oil and protein and plays an important role in the human diet. Many species of  such as . Howevernd wheat . As part


Publisher Correction to: BMC Biol 9, 44 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-021-00980-yFollowing publication of the original article , the autThe correct tagging of the author name is:Given name: Hye InFamily name: KaThis results in the correct citation information for this author on Pubmed as: Ka HI.The metadata of the original article  has been


Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing leaf bud galls on MagnoliakobusDC.var.borealis Sarg. (Magnoliaceae) was found in Hokkaido and northern Honshu, Japan.A gall midge species . The species is herein described as Pseudasphondyliasaohimea Matsuda, Elsayed and Tokuda sp. n. The new species is easily distinguishable from its congeners by the number of adult palpal segments and the shape of the male terminalia and larval spatula.Based on its morphology, the species is regarded as an undescribed species of the genus  Pseudasphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Asphondyliini) includes 11 species associated with various plant families (P.elaeocarpi Tokuda and Yukawa on Elaeocarpuszollingeri K.Koch (= E.sylvestrisvar.ellipticus Hara) (Elaeocarpaceae), P.kiritanii Tokuda & Yukawa on Cornuscontroversa Hemsl. ex Prain (Cornaceae), P.matatabi (Yuasa & Kumazawa) on Actinidiapolygama (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Maxim. (Actinidiaceae), P.neolitseae Yukawa on Neolitseasericea (Blume) Koidz. (Lauraceae), P.rokuharensis Monzen on Viburnumdilatatum Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae) and P.tominagai Elsayed & Tokuda on Eleutherococcusspinosus (L.f.) S.Y.Hu   . They haliaceae) . In addiliaceae)  and otheliaceae) .MagnoliakobusDC.var.borealis Sarg. (Magnoliaceae) in Tomakomai, Hokkaido and Aomori Prefecture, Honshu, Japan. Based on morphological comparison, we concluded that the gall midge is a member of Pseudasphondylia. We describe the species as new to science and discuss the phylogenetic relationships amongst Japanese congeners on the basis of molecular analysis. We also compare its life history strategy with those of the Japanese congeners.In recent years, we found an undescribed species of asphondyliine gall midge that induces leaf bud galls on M.kobusvar.borealis . A 472 bp fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) of the species from leaf galls of M.kobusvar.borealis and P.tominagai was sequenced and aligned following P.elaeocarpi was sequenced using the primer set: COIS (5’–GGA TCA CCT GAT ATA GCA TTC CCA TAT TGG–3’) and COIA (5'–CCC GGT AAA ATT AAA ATA TAA ACT TC–3’)  . The seqT TC–3’)  and depoPseudasphondylia and four species of Asphondylia were downloaded from the GenBank and used as ingroup taxa: P.rokuharensis (LC538357), P.kiritanii (LC538356), P.matatabi (AB085873) (P.neolitseae (AB334237) (Asphondyliatojoi Elsayed and Tokuda (LC373200) (A.aucubae Yukawa & Ohsaki (AB238595) (A.yushimai Yukawa and Uechi (AB194473) (A.sphaera Monzen (AB197945) (Ampelomyiaconicocoricis Elsayed and Tokuda (LC422091) (Gephyrauluszewaili Elsayed and Tokuda (LC270942)  , P.neolB334237) , AsphondC373200) , A.aucuB238595) , A.yushB194473)  and A.sB197945) . GenBankC422091)  and GephC270942) . These sC270942) .Matsuda, Elsayed & Tokudasp. n.34B09DDF-9268-5078-8309-13576CB34083C7679EFB-7E8C-4157-A5AE-C618D2D82B28Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: order: Diptera; family: Cecidomyiidae; genus: Pseudasphondylia; specificEpithet: saohimea; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: country: Japan; stateProvince: Aomori; locality: Ashizaki, Mutsu City; Event: samplingProtocol: Magnoliakobusvar.borealis (Magnoliaceae) collected on 10.v.2015 by S. Yamauchireared from a leaf bud gall on Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 7; sex: males; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: order: Diptera; family: Cecidomyiidae; genus: Pseudasphondylia; specificEpithet: saohimea; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: country: Japan; stateProvince: Aomori; locality: Ashizaki, Mutsu City; Event: samplingProtocol: Magnoliakobusvar.borealis (Magnoliaceae) collected on 10.v.2015 by S. Yamauchireared from leaf bud galls on Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 8; sex: females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: order: Diptera; family: Cecidomyiidae; genus: Pseudasphondylia; specificEpithet: saohimea; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: country: Japan; stateProvince: Aomori; locality: Ashizaki, Mutsu City; Event: samplingProtocol: Magnoliakobusvar.borealis (Magnoliaceae) collected on 10.v.2015 by S. Yamauchireared from leaf bud galls on Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 3; lifeStage: mature larvae; Taxon: order: Diptera; family: Cecidomyiidae; genus: Pseudasphondylia; specificEpithet: saohimea; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: country: Japan; stateProvince: Aomori; locality: Ashizaki, Mutsu City; Event: samplingProtocol: collected on 19.v.2019 by S. Yamauchi at the type localityType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 4; lifeStage: pupal exuviae; Taxon: order: Diptera; family: Cecidomyiidae; genus: Pseudasphondylia; specificEpithet: saohimea; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: country: Japan; stateProvince: Aomori; locality: Ashizaki, Mutsu City; Event: samplingProtocol: Magnoliakobusvar.borealis (Magnoliaceae) collected on 10.v.2015 by S. Yamauchireared from a leaf gall on Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 3; sex: females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: order: Diptera; family: Cecidomyiidae; genus: Pseudasphondylia; specificEpithet: saohimea; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: country: Japan; stateProvince: Hokkaido; locality: Takaoka , Tomakomai City; Event: samplingProtocol: collected on 31.v.2015 by M. LibraType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: order: Diptera; family: Cecidomyiidae; genus: Pseudasphondylia; specificEpithet: saohimea; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: country: Japan; stateProvince: Hokkaido; locality: Takaoka , Tomakomai City; Event: samplingProtocol: collected on 31.v.2015 by M. LibraHead .Pseudasphondyliasaohimea is univoltine. Third instars and pupae were found in the galls in mid-May and adults emerged directly from the galls in mid- to late May. All mature galls collected in July were empty, indicating that no individuals had entered long-term diapause. In rearing conditions, adults emerged in the morning and mated around 11:00 h, suggesting that the gall midge is a diurnal species. The adults are supposed to oviposit into host buds. First instars were found in undeveloped bud galls in late September. They possibly overwinter in the undeveloped bud galls and develop to the second and third instars in the following spring.MagnoliakobusDC.var.borealis Sarg. (Magnoliaceae), “Kita-kobushi” in Japanese.Pseudasphondyliasaohimea induces hairy leaf bud galls on Magnoliakobusvar.borealis (Magnoliaceae). The galled buds remain closed and indistinguishable in appearance from ungalled buds until the following spring and rapidly grow with bud burst. Mature galls are 2.7–6.0 mm in diameter and 5.1–13.7 mm in length (n = 45). Galls are multi-chambered and each chamber contains a single gall midge larva.Pseudocatolaccus sp.  from Hokkaido and Aomori, Torymus sp. (Torymidae) from Hokkaido and Eurytoma sp. (Eurytomidae) from Aomori.The following three species of hymenopteran parasitoids were reared from the mature galls: P.neolitseae and four in P.rokuharensis, P.kiritanii and P.tominagai. Although P.matatabi and P.elaeocarpi have three-segmented palpi, they are easily distinguished from the new species by their cerci which are shorter than the hypoproct. The larval spatula of the new species has four lobes of which the outer two are longer than the inner two. However, the larval spatula of P.neolitseae has only two lobes anteriorly and the other species have four lobes of which the inner two are longer than the outer two. In the pupa, five pairs of long abdominal spiracles are present in the new species, while only three pairs are present in P.rokuharensis, P.kiritanii, P.elaeocarpi and P.tominagai and four pairs in P.matatabi. The pupa of P.neolitseae, which has five pairs of abdominal spiracles, is otherwise similar to the new species, but it can be distinguished by dorsal abdominal spines that are markedly shorter than in P.saohimea.The new species is distinguishable from most of its other congeners in Japan by the number of palpal segments: three in the new species, but two in Pseudasphondylia species in P.saohimea will run to couplet 5 that separates P.matatabi and P.elaeocarpi. In order to update the key and include P.saohimea, couplet 5 is amended and a sub-couplet is added as in Table In the key to the males of world Pseudasphondylia species constructed a monophyletic clade relatively supported by 65% bootstrap value. Although P.saohimea constructed a clade with P.rokuharensis, their bootstrap support was lower than 50%. Genetic divergence of P.saohimea and the other Japanese Pseudasphondylia species was high and ranging between 15% to 21% .In the ML tree Fig. , PseudasP.saohimea is distinct from its congeners in Japan, although phylogenetic relationships amongst Pseudasphondylia species were not revealed in the analyses, except for the sister group relationship of P.kiritanii and P.tominagai. Pseudasphondylia was hypothesised to be an ancient clade within the subtribe Asphondyliina  oviposit into axillary overwintering buds of Styraxjaponica Siebold and Zucc. (Styracaceae) and its larvae spend summer, autumn and winter as the first instar in the host buds; then, galls and larvae rapidly grow, coinciding with host bud burst , overwinters as the first instar in inconspicuous overwintering buds, although this species is multivoltine and repeatedly uses axillary buds throughout the year , Procontarinia on Mangifera (Anacardiaceae), Rabdophaga on Salix  and Semudobia on Betula (Betulaceae)  . Pseudases level .


Specifically, the order of the bar graphs was incorrect: Sigmoidal input; No input; Linear; Quadratic. Instead, the correct order is: No input; Sigmoidal input; Linear; Quadratic. The corrected version of this figure now appears in the paper.


N/A C.iwatai was collected from Yunnan: Baoshan, instead of Yunnan: Menglian Dai; C.kaihuanus was collected from Yunnan: Jinghong, instead of Yunnan: Guangnan county; and C.filippovi was collected from Sichuan: Mount Emei, instead of Sichuan: Emeishan city.It has come to our attention that in the work referenced above, Figure


Following the publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect author name is: Julia Klensney-Tait.The correct author names is: Julia Klesney-Tait.The original article  has been


After publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect authors’ names are:Danielle da Costa: given name.da Palacio: family name.Camila Monteiro: given name.Nascimento: family name.The correct authors’ names are:Danielle: given name.da Costa Palacio: family name.Camila: given name.Nascimento Monteiro: family name.The author group has been updated above and the original article  has been


Following publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect and correct Figure 9 are published in this Correction article. The original article has been updated.Figure 9 before correction: :Corrected Fig.


The correct name is: Agata Sielska. The correct citation is: Sielska A (2021) Determinants of hospital inefficiency. The case of Polish county hospitals. PLoS ONE 16(8): e0256267.


There is an error in the second author’s affiliation. The correct affiliation is: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy.


The online version has been amended.In this paper by Jasper Tromp and colleagues (BMJ 2021;372:n461, doi:


Corrigendum to: Drivers of stunting reduction in Peru: a country case study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020;112:816S–829S.In the originally published version of this article, there was an error in the author, Aviva I Rappaport's full name. This has now been corrected online.


The authors wish to correct the Funding statement of their article  to:Wellcome Trust; BBSRC. Funding for open access charge: Institutional award from Wellcome (103857/Z/14/Z) and RCUK (BB/R002851/1).This change does not affect the results, discussion and conclusions presented in the article. The published article has been updated.


In the original article, Mueller et al.  and Muel(A) zebrafish (B) mouse and (C) human brains. Am: amygdala; Ce: cerebellum; Ctx: cortex; Dp: dorsal pallium; Hip: hippocampus; Lp: lateral pallium; Mp: medial pallium; Th: thalmus; Vp: ventral pallium. Zebrafish image in (A) adapted from Mueller et al. (Figure 1. Comparison of homologous regions of the r et al.  and Muelr et al. .The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.