AbstractNeossos Malloch contains three Nearctic and one western European species. Most known specimens have been collected from bird nests. Two specimens of an undescribed species of Neossos were collected by sweeping in subarctic tundra and a mesic meadow in the Yukon Territory, Canada. This represents a significant northward extension of the known Nearctic range of the genus.The rarely collected genus Neossostombstonensissp. n. is described from the Yukon Territory. This represents the fourth described Nearctic species of Neossos. Although the type specimens were collected by sweeping, the species is predicted to be associated with bird nests, based on habits of other members of the genus. A revised key to the Nearctic species of Neossos is provided. Neossos Malloch, 1927 is a rarely collected genus of acalyptrate Diptera primarily associated with bird nests, where the larvae are apparently saprophagous in nest material. Neossos and recognized three species in the region: Neossosmarylandicus Malloch, 1927 (associated with cavity-nesting passerine birds in eastern North America); N.californicus Melander, 1952 (associated with raptors in western United States and southern British Columbia); and N.atlanticus Gilbert & Wheeler, 2007 . In the course of a large-scale study of arthropod diversity and ecology in northern Canada, we collected two specimens of Neossos from the Yukon Territory, far north of the documented geographic range of Nearctic Neossos species. Those specimens are described here as Neossostombstonensissp. n.Field-collected specimens were preserved in 95% ethanol and subsequently chemically dried using Hexamethyldisilazane. Type specimens are deposited in the Lyman Entomological Museum, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada (LEMQ) and have been assigned unique specimen identifiers in the format LEM0000000. Genitalic dissection of the male holotype was made by detaching the posterior part of the abdomen, and heating it in 85% lactic acid on a heating plate for 10 minutes. Cleared genitalia were transferred to glycerin for examination and drawing, then stored in glycerin in a plastic microvial pinned with the specimen.Solecki & Wheeler, 2015sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A7C54472-8048-461F-8C58-5DE8413622E4Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: NBP Field Party; sex: male; Taxon: class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Heleomyzidae; genus: Neossos; specificEpithet: tombstonensis; scientificNameAuthorship: Solecki & Wheeler, 2015; Location: continent: North America; country: Canada; stateProvince: Yukon Territory; verbatimLocality: Dempster Hwy nr North Fork Pass; verbatimElevation: 1200 m; decimalLatitude: 64.57942; decimalLongitude: -138.28212; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; year: 2011; month: 6; day: 24; habitat: wet tundra; fieldNumber: wet replicate 3; Record Level: datasetID: LEM0110624; institutionCode: LEMQType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: TA Wheeler; sex: female; Taxon: class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Heleomyzidae; genus: Neossos; specificEpithet: tombstonensis; scientificNameAuthorship: Solecki & Wheeler, 2015; Location: continent: North America; country: Canada; stateProvince: Yukon Territory; verbatimLocality: S Klondike Hwy, 18.2 km S Alaska Hwy, Robinson Road House; decimalLatitude: 60.44839; decimalLongitude: -134.84961; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; year: 2012; month: 7; day: 9; habitat: mesic meadow; Record Level: datasetID: LEM0110625; institutionCode: LEMQGeneric characters as described by Epandrium brown, rounded, wider than high; hypandrium pale brown, ventral hypandrial process with 9 setae; surstylus with outer lobe roughly triangular, narrowing distinctly in basal half; postgonite large; distiphallus with fine setulae for most of length except distally; epiphallus clavate Figs , 3.The species is named for the Tombstone Mountains and Tombstone Territorial Park, where the holotype specimen was collected.Known only from the southern and central Yukon Territory, Canada.Neossos are rarely collected. Of approximately 130 specimens studied by Neossos, N.nidicola , known from Great Britain and Finland (N.tombstonensis by sweeping was surprising, the rarity of specimens was not. Multiple years of intensive sampling at the two localities from which types were collected, as well as other similar sites in the Yukon, have not produced another specimen.Because they are apparently obligate associates of bird nests, specimens of  Finland  is closeN.tombstonensis were collected in two distinct habitats. The North Fork Pass site is a wet tundra meadow north of treeline in the Ogilvie Mountain ranges. Dominant vegetation includes sphagnum mosses, grasses, sedges and ericaceous shrubs over a substrate with extensive permafrost. In contrast, the Robinson Road House site is a mesic meadow with a diverse assemblage of herbaceous plants dominated by Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae, on a sand substrate in a clearing surrounded by spruce-pine-aspen forest.The types of Neossos, it is likely that N.tombstonensis is also a nest associate. Each of the other three Nearctic species exploits a different microhabitat and host group: Neossosmarylandicus in association with cavity-nesting passerines; N.californicus in raptor nests; and N.atlanticus in nests of cliff-nesting seabirds (N.tombstonensis was collected, so it is impossible to speculate on the identity or nesting habits of the hosts.Based on the known habits of the other described species of seabirds . Several


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 21282;10.1038/srep21282 Published online: 02172016; Updated: 06022016The original version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of the authors Anis Allagui, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Hussain Alawadhi and Ahmed S. Elwakil which were incorrectly given as Allagui Anis, Ali Abdelkareem Mohammad, Alawadhi Hussain and S. Elwakil Ahmed respectively.These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 24628; 10.1038/srep24628 published online: 04192016; updated: 06272016.An incorrect Supplementary Information file was inadvertently published with this Article. In addition, Supplementary Movies 1–5 were omitted. The correct Supplementary Information and Supplementary Movies now accompany the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2009010.1038/srep20090; published online: 01292016; updated: 04132016The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Yan Huang, which was incorrectly given as Yanhuang. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1731910.1038/srep17319; published online: 11302015; updated: 03292016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Mikhail A. Livshits, which was incorrectly given as Mikhail A. Livshts. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


There are errors in the Funding section. The correct funding information is as follows: This work was supported by Chang Gung Medical Research Program CMRPG 3C1441: HSC; CMRPG 391201–3: HSC; CMRPD 1A0302: WJS; CMRPD 190173: WJS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 17094; 10.1038/srep17094 published online: 11252015; updated: 01192016.The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Ben Murrell which was incorrectly given as Ben Murrel. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 17568;10.1038/srep17568 published online: 12032015; updated: 04282016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Marc B. Bissonnette, which was incorrectly given as Marc B. Bissonette. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: GS SA AM LF. Analyzed the data: GS. Wrote the paper: GS. Revised paper: SA AKW FM AM LF


Nature Communications7 Article number:1147910.1038/ncomms11479 (2016); Published: 05102016; Updated: 06062016.The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of ‘refine' in the title of the paper. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML.


AbstractCoccidohystrixinsolita (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is recorded from the island of Guam in the Mariana Islands for the first time. Factors indicating that this introduced mealybug has the potential to become a pest of economic importance for agriculture and horticulture on Guam are discussed.The eggplant mealybug,  Coccidohystrixinsolita (Green) is broadly distributed in the tropics and subtropics and well known as a agricultural and horticultural pest  for diagnosis. A total of seven adult female specimens were selected and prepared on three microscope slides using the method given by Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: AM20131204.002; occurrenceRemarks: on eggplant leaves; recordedBy: Jesse Bamba; sex: 7 slide-mounted adult females were examined; Location: islandGroup: Mariana Islands; island: Guam; municipality: Dededo; locality: near Swamp Road; decimalLatitude: 13.539981; decimalLongitude: 144.83435; Identification: identifiedBy: Gillian W. Watson; dateIdentified: 2013-12-13; Event: samplingProtocol: eggplant leaf samples; eventDate: 2013-12-04; Record Level: collectionID: ESUG; institutionCode: UGUAM; basisOfRecord: LivingSpecimen; source: http://guaminsects.myspecies.info/node/26239-segmented; posterior ostioles present, anterior ostioles absent; cerarii on margins numbering 17 pairs, numerous dorsal cerarii present also, each cerarius consisting of 1–15 large conical setae situated on a sclerotized prominence, without any associated trilocular pores; legs well developed, each claw with a denticle present on plantar surface; circulus absent; anal lobes well developed, each with a sclerotized ventral bar; quinquelocular pores numerous on venter; multilocular disc pores numerous on venter of abdominal segments III-IX, a few also present on the venter of segments I and II and on the dorsum of segment VII; ventral oral collar ducts present on submargins of abdominal segments V-VIII; oral rim ducts absent entirely.Coccidohystrixinsolita.Diagnosis was based Coccidohystrixinsolita has been recorded in the literature from the following regions and countries:Afrotropical: Kenya, Madagascar, Rodriques Island (Mauritius), South Africa, Tanzania, Zanzibar; Australasian: Western Samoa; Oriental: Bangladesh, Burma (=Myanmar), India, Laos, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Palaearctic: China, Saudi Arabia (i Arabia .Coccidohystrixinsolita on Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) imported from Singapore ; Hyperaspismaindronia; Nephusregularis; Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae: Spalgisepeus . Experience has shown that invasive species which originate from outside of the U.S., such as this one, are harder to deal with than those accidentally imported from the U.S. mainland or Hawaii. For invasive insect species already present in the U.S., control resources are usually readily available. Often research has been done, control methods have been developed, biological control agents have been identified, an exploratory entomologist has been sent out to collect candidate species, and these have been imported, cultured and tested, and are available for use on Guam. However, resources are scant when it comes to responding to invasive species of non-U.S. origin.Rapid Response Capacity. There is currently a critical lack of capacity to deal with entomological problems on Guam and in the rest of Micronesia. The number of Ph.D. level entomologists practicing on Guam and in the rest of Micronesia has decreased from nine during the mid-1990s to only three at present.Biological Control Agent Import Permits. Guam is required to comply with U.S. Department of Agriculture regulations for importing biological control agents. These requirements are far more stringent for organisms originating outside of the U.S. than for those imported from within the U.S. Delays in the permitting process and a lack of capacity to comply with permit conditions sometimes impede rapid progress towards establishment of biological control in time to prevent major economic and environmental damage. Often, there is a pest population explosion prior to implementation of biological control. During this initial outbreak, risk of accidental export to trading partners is high.


There are currently no agreed recommendations on how to investigate children for gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis (JSSc). The aim of screening is to detect disease early to facilitate early aggressive therapy and improve outcomes. GI involvement at diagnosis incurs a worse outcome [1]. Most deaths occur early in the disease course .To develop recommendations for investigation of GI involvement in JSSc, based on paediatric evidence and where this was lacking, consensus expert agreement.Members of the PRES Scleroderma Working Group were invited to participate; additionally a paediatric gastroenterologist was invited. A nominal group technique was used. 75% consensus was defined as agreement.Table N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; GORD: gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.BP: blood pressure; ECG: electrocardiogram; ECHO: echocardiogram; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; HRCT: high resolution computerised tomography; PFT: DLCO pulmonary function tests with diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide; 6MWT: 6 minute walk test; NT BNP: JSSc has a significant mortality particularly early on in the disease course. The objective of an aggressive screening program is to identify GI involvement at a stage which may be amenable to treatment. The recommendations developed by this group aim to standardise care and improve outcomes in this rare disease.None declared.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1243910.1038/srep12439; published online: 07272015; updated: 09212015The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Paul R. Bessell, which was incorrectly given as Paul B. Bessell. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


AbstractTipula (Vestiplex) hugueniniana Alexander, 1971 is proposed as junior synonym of Tipula (V.) wahlgrenana Alexander, 1968. The new synonymy is based on similarity of male genitalia.Based on examination of type specimens a crane fly species  Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, are characterized by an ovipositor with the cerci powerfully constructed, heavily sclerotized with outer margins serrate, smooth in several Asiatic species; hypovalvae small to rudimentary  includes 170 valid species and subspecies level taxa, which are distributed throughout the Nearctic, Palaearctic and Oriental Regions .TMMP, program Immage-Pro Express 6.0. (Media Cybernetics).Specimens were studied with an Olympus SZ51 microscope. Pictures were taken with an Olympus SZX10, camera EvolutionTerminology of morphological features generally follows that of Alexander, 1968Tipula (Vestiplex) wahlgrenanaTipula (Vestiplex) wahlgrenanaTipula (Vestiplex) hugueninianasyn. n.Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Schmid; sex: male; preparations: antennae, leg, wing and genitalia on slide mounted; Taxon: genus: Tipula; subgenus: Vestiplex; specificEpithet: wahlgrenana; scientificNameAuthorship: Alexander, 1968; Location: country: India; stateProvince: Kumaon; verbatimLocality: Khumyara, Pauri Garhwal; verbatimElevation: 4300-5000 feet [1311-1524 m]; Event: eventDate: 28 May 1958; Record Level: institutionCode: USNMType status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Schmid; sex: male; preparations: antenna, legs, wing and genitalia on slide mounted; Taxon: genus: Tipula; subgenus: Vestiplex; specificEpithet: hugueniniana; scientificNameAuthorship: Alexander, 1971; Location: country: India; stateProvince: Sikkim; verbatimLocality: Nanga; verbatimElevation: 5000 feet [1524 m]; Event: eventDate: 11 May 1959; Record Level: institutionCode: USNMType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Schmid; sex: male; preparations: antenna, leg, wing and genitalia on slide mounted; Taxon: genus: Tipula; subgenus: Vestiplex; specificEpithet: hugueniniana; scientificNameAuthorship: Alexander, 1971; Location: country: India; stateProvince: Kumaon; verbatimLocality: Duldhar, Pauri Garhwal; verbatimElevation: 4500 feet [1372 m]; Event: eventDate: 2 June 1958; Record Level: institutionCode: USNMTipula (Vestiplex) recorded in India. Three species were described by Edwards  .Tipula (V.) wahlgrenana Alexander, 1968  hugueniniana Alexander, 1971  wahlgrenana, the other male was collected somewhat east of the previous locality, but two weeks earlier in the following year. These two males are also the only known specimens for the described species  hugueniniana, Tipula (V.) gandharva Alexander, 1951 and Tipula (V.) tuta Alexander, 1936, without mentioning its similarity to Tipula (V.) wahlgrenana. After detailed analysis of the two holotype and one paratype specimens of Tipula (V.) wahlgrenana and Tipula (V.) hugueniniana, we found that they cannot be distinguished from each other positively; differences concern only quantitative characters, without qualitative differences. The original description of the morphological details of Tipula (V.) hugueniniana in essence repeats the morphological characters of Tipula (V.) wahlgrenana. The only difference, according to Alexander’s descriptions, is the general coloration of the mesonotal prescutum, which is obscure yellow in Tipula (V.) hugueniniana and light grey in Tipula (V.) wahlgrenana. Based on our observation, the coloration of the prescutum varies depending on the angle at which light strikes its surface.The types of both species were examined. It was found that all the specimens are very similar. In the original description of The new synonymy is based on the structure of the male genitalia. All the three examined specimens have the hypopygium as in Fig. Female unknown.


Nature Communications 6: Article number: 7390 (2015); 10.1038/ncomms8390 Published: 06162015; Updated 08212015.The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Jae-Ho Cheong, which was incorrectly given as Jae-Ho Jeong. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 850210.1038/srep08502; published online: 02172015; updated: 09182015This Article contains an error in Fig. 5e, where the p-Akt immunoblots depicted for the Cerebellum are a duplication of the p-Akt immunoblots depicted for the Hippocampus. The correct Fig. 5e appears below as


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 21838;10.1038/srep21838 Published online: 02242016; updated: 05092016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Xianzhen Yin, which was incorrectly given as Xianzheng Yin. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications4: Article number: 186710.1038/ncomms2886 (2013); Published: 05212013; Updated: 04202016The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following:Huang-Ge Zhang is supported by a Research Career Scientist (RCS) Award.


The following information is missing from the Funding section: Grant name: Using Fossil Proteomics for Resolving Phylogenetics of Extinct Mammalian Orders in Ancient Biodiversity Hotspots Principal. Investigator: Dr M Buckley, The University of Manchester, Life Sciences. Grant held at: The University of Manchester, Life Sciences. NERC Reference: NE/K000799/1


Some of the author contributions for Melissa S. Anderson were omitted. The following are the correct author contributions for this paper:Conceived and designed the experiments: ENW DHK. Performed the experiments: ENW MSA MSL. Analyzed the data: ENW MSA DHK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MSA. Wrote the paper: ENW DHK


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: IG. Performed the experiments: IG. Analyzed the data: IG OS. Wrote the paper: IG OS.


It should be corrected as follows:incorrect: November 26, 2013correct: December 13, 2013This correction has been completed on the electronic file of the present paper available at J-STAGE.The editorial board expresses sincere apology for the misprinting.Microbes and Environments editorial board


The sixth author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Bidhan Chandra Chakraborty.The seventh author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Sukanta Ray.The second sentence of the “Cell culture and Transfection” section of the Materials and Methods incorrectly references Xtremegene. It should read X-tremeGENE HP.In the Acknowledgements, Bidhan Chandra Chakraborty should also be listed as having a registered PhD with the West Bengal University and health sciences.There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: KD GKD AC SB. Performed the experiments: Somenath Datta S. Roychoudhury Alip Ghosh DD Amit Ghosh BCC AKS. Analyzed the data: Somenath Datta SB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: S. Ray SG Simanti Datta. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: SB.


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: TFK MP. Performed the experiments: MP. Analyzed the data: KAM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KAM MP TFK. Wrote the paper: KAM TFK.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1514510.1038/srep15145; published online: 10192015; updated: 01212016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Jakob Goldmann which was incorrectly given as Jakob Goldman. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2660310.1038/srep26603; published online: 05252016; updated: 06202016The original version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of the author Hemanta K. Majumder which was incorrectly given as H. K. Mazumdar. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Prevention plays a fundamental role: if these disorders are diagnosed and treated precociously, the risk of infertility is considerably reduced.Andrological disorders in paediatric age are important: they may cause serious repercussions on normal fecundity  and someThe authors suggest a new prevention model based on an Andrological Form to be included in the periodical medical examination by the family paediatrician. If the paediatrician detects an andrological disorder during periodical checks, he/she should refer the patient to the paediatric andrologist or paediatric surgeon. The Andrological Form consists of 11 sections to be filled by the family paediatrician . The first section consists of the patient's records, weight and height included. Second: patient's pubertal development. Third: testicular volume according to Prader. Forth: testicular position. Fifth section: the presence of varicocele. Sixth: penis disorders . Seventh: gynecomastia . Eight: occurrence of other associated genito-urinary disorders. Ninth: previous andrological surgery interventions. Tenth: previous medical therapies. Eleventh: sport practicing. The Andrological form should be filled at the following ages: 1) 6 months ; 2) 1 year old ; 3) 5 years old ; 4) 10 years old ; 5) at 11, 12, 13 and 14 years old .The periodic compilation of the Andrological Form , therefo


AbstractEuphydryas (Hypodryas) maturna (L.) is included in the Habitats Directive's Annexes II and IV(a). Therefore, it is crucially important to be able to define the habitat and breeding places of E.maturna in a correct and unbiased way.The scarce fritillary Melampyrumsylvaticum L.), of Euphydryasmaturna in Finland is presented.Data on a previously unknown pre-diapause main host plant, the small cow-wheat ( Euphydryas (Hypodryas) maturna  is a high-profile species within the European Union, as it has been included in the Habitats Directive's  Annexes II and IV(a). Based on the Annex II, special conservation areas (i.e. Natura 2000 areas) need to be designated for E.maturna. The Annex IV lists species in need of strict protection, and those species and their breeding and resting places are protected by national legislation, which also applies to Finland. Therefore, the ability to define the habitat and breeding places of E.maturna in a correct and unbiased way is crucially important for both protecting the species effectively and not making uninformed administrative decisions which may be economically very costly. Euphydryasmaturna is a wide-spread species in SW Finland, and it has been assessed as Least Concern by the IUCN criteria in Finland  has been recorded as the main host plant (Melampyrumsylvaticum L.), of Euphydryasmaturna in Finland.The species of the tribe iridoids . Iridoidiridoids . Larval se Table  and/or psee e.g. . In Finlst plant . Here, IE.maturna were systematically searched from an area of ca. 3.5 km2 within the municipalities of Sipoo and Pornainen in southern Finland . All larval groups were georeferenced with GPS and photographed, and a sample of each host plant was collected for identification. Plant samples were identified by Henry Väre . Fieldwork was made by MN and Kari Nupponen between August 27 and September 11 in 2014.Larval groups of Type status:Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: number of larval groups counted (with unknown number of larvae per group); recordedBy: Marko Nieminen; individualCount: 120; lifeStage: larva; Taxon: scientificName: Euphydryas maturna; order: Lepidoptera; family: Nymphalidae; genus: Euphydryas; specificEpithet: maturna; taxonRank: species; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Uusimaa; municipality: Sipoo; locality: Brusas; verbatimElevation: 60 m; verbatimCoordinates: 60°26.73'N 25°17.95'E; verbatimLatitude: 60°26.73'N; verbatimLongitude: 25°17.95'E; decimalLatitude: 60.4455; decimalLongitude: 25.2992; Identification: identifiedBy: Marko Nieminen; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: visual search; eventDate: 2014-08-27/09-11; Record Level: language: en; basisOfRecord: Photographed; source: marko.nieminen@faunatica.fiType status:Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: number of larval groups counted (with unknown number of larvae per group); recordedBy: Marko Nieminen; individualCount: 23; lifeStage: larva; Taxon: scientificName: Euphydryas maturna; order: Lepidoptera; family: Nymphalidae; genus: Euphydryas; specificEpithet: maturna; taxonRank: species; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Uusimaa; municipality: Pornainen; locality: Mäkelä; verbatimElevation: 60 m; verbatimCoordinates: 60°27.32'N 25°17.94'E; verbatimLatitude: 60°27.32'N; verbatimLongitude: 25°17.94'E; decimalLatitude: 60.4554; decimalLongitude: 25.2991; Identification: identifiedBy: Marko Nieminen; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: visual search; eventDate: 2014-08-27/09-11; Record Level: language: en; basisOfRecord: Photographed; source: marko.nieminen@faunatica.fiType status:Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: number of larval groups counted (with unknown number of larvae per group); recordedBy: Kari Nupponen; individualCount: 24; lifeStage: larva; Taxon: scientificName: Euphydryas maturna; order: Lepidoptera; family: Nymphalidae; genus: Euphydryas; specificEpithet: maturna; taxonRank: species; Location: country: Finland; stateProvince: Uusimaa; municipality: Pornainen; locality: Honkasenkalliot; verbatimElevation: 60 m; verbatimCoordinates: 60°26.51'N 25°19.27'E; verbatimLatitude: 60°26.51'N; verbatimLongitude: 25°19.27'E; decimalLatitude: 60.4419; decimalLongitude: 25.3211; Identification: identifiedBy: Kari Nupponen; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: visual search; eventDate: 2014-09-10/11; Record Level: language: en; basisOfRecord: Photographed; source: marko.nieminen@faunatica.fiMelampyrum spp.  M.sylvaticum. In addition, three larval groups have been found in the same area in the autumn of 2013, all on M.sylvaticum .Due to the dry conditions in July and August, many or even all host plants had withered especially in open rocky areas. Therefore, reliable identifications based on plant morphology were possible for 121 samples. Of the identified samples, 30 plants (25%) were E.maturna is highly variable throughout its range (Table Fraxinus is the most regularly used oviposition-plant genus in the Central Europe (e.g. Veronicalongifolia are often used in the eastern areas (e.g. Plantagolanceolata is frequently used after diapause in Austria (M.sylvaticum in a study performed about 200 km to the northeast of this study area (M.pratense and M.sylvaticum still remain uncertain throughout Finland.The regional host plant use of ge Table , but is ope e.g. , whereaseas e.g. . Howevereas e.g. , for exa Austria . There mudy area . MoreoveM.sylvaticum as a host plant (Fig. E.maturna and the amount of resources available for it. In the study area, the increase in both of these variables must be manyfold, but remains to be quantified. Melampyrumpratense is much more vulnerable to desiccation and withering because it grows in drier sites than M.sylvaticum. The ability to use both of these Melampyrum species is extremely important in dry summers such as 2014, when more than 90% of host plants had withered in several sites. That high rate of dry host plants has likely increased mortality of groups of small larvae and may also decrease overwintering success due to starvation of larvae, which are common phenomena in another larval group-forming species Melitaeacinxia in Finland (e.g. The use of ant Fig.  considerand e.g. .Vacciniummyrtillus had been eaten within some larval webs. Even though I could not confirm that E.maturna larvae had eaten them, it is, however, likely because other herbivorous larvae were not observed and Melampyrum individuals were almost completely dry in and around these larval nests. Therefore, larvae may have used V.myrtillus to rescue themselves from starvation. The same explanation may apply to the odd observations of larvae feeding on e.g. Fagus, Populus and Salix regularly referred to in the literature (e.g. Some leaves of ure e.g. . A furth


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1043410.1038/srep10434; published online: 05222015; updated: 10052015The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Kaori Ishikawa, which was incorrectly given as Kaori Iashikawa. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1737810.1038/srep17378; published online: 11272015; updated: 02082016.This Article contains a typographical error in Affiliation 2. The correct affiliation is listed below:Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, People’s Republic of China


Nature Communications6: Article number: 8510 10.1038/ncomms9510 (2015); Published: 10142015; Updated: 03042016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Zhenyi Liu, which was incorrectly given as Zenhy Liu. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2402710.1038/srep24027; published online: 04132016; updated: 05312016The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Esaki Muthu Shankar, which was incorrectly given as Shankar Esaki Muthu. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


There is an error in the corresponding author designations. Christoph Buettner should be listed as a co-corresponding author. The correct corresponding authors are:mlamerrill@ucdavis.eduMichele La Merrill christoph.buettner@mssm.eduChristoph Buettner There are errors in the Author Contributions. Christoph Buettner should be listed as one of the persons who conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. The correct contributions are:Conceived and designed the experiments: MLM and CB. Performed the experiments: MLM EK CL MLF. Analyzed the data: MLM EK EM CL MLF JN and CB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MLM JN CB. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: MLM EK EM CL MLF JN CB.


Although molecular tools are increasingly employed to decipher invertebrate systematics, earthworm (Annelida: Clitellata: ‘Oligochaeta’) taxonomy is still largely based on conventional dissection, resulting in data that are mostly unsuitable for dissemination through online databases. In order to evaluate if micro-computed tomography (μCT) in combination with soft tissue staining techniques could be used to expand the existing set of tools available for studying internal and external structures of earthworms, μCT scans of freshly fixed and museum specimens were gathered.GigaDB and are publicly available for download.Scout images revealed full penetration of tissues by the staining agent. The attained isotropic voxel resolutions permit identification of internal and external structures conventionally used in earthworm taxonomy. The μCT projection and reconstruction images have been deposited in the online data repository The dataset presented here shows that earthworms constitute suitable candidates for μCT scanning in combination with soft tissue staining. Not only are the data comparable to results derived from traditional dissection techniques, but due to their digital nature the data also permit computer-based interactive exploration of earthworm morphology and anatomy. The approach pursued here can be applied to freshly fixed as well as museum specimens, which is of particular importance when considering the use of rare or valuable material. Finally, a number of aspects related to the deposition of digital morphological data are briefly discussed. The present dataset constitutes the first attempt at comparative micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning of earthworm (Annelida: Clitellata: ‘Oligochaeta’) specimens. When used in combination with staining techniques that permit enhancing soft tissue contrast , μCT couThe aim of the present report is to provide the earthworm research community with a reference dataset for future analyses of soft-bodied organisms based on non-destructive imaging techniques. In addition, uninhibited data access and enforced data deposition, as practiced here, are briefly discussed.i.e. Aporrectodea caliginosa  and Aporrectodea trapezoides . All four specimens were stained using an ethanol-based phosphotungstic acid (PTA) solution, which was adapted from protocols described previously . This would result in large morphological taxon sampling, one of the prerequisites for broad taxonomic and systematic studies. Furthermore, non-invasive imaging techniques such as μCT leave specimens intact and generate digital data suitable for online dissemination, an important condition for effective data mining.GigaDB and has a citable digital object identifier (DOI) [The dataset is available at er (DOI) . Each ofDataset name: MicroCT scans of freshly fixed and museum earthworm specimensOperating system: Platform-independentLicense: Creative Commons 0 (CC0) public domain dedication (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/). In addition, numerous other 2D and 3D visualization tools are available for free [Following download, the reconstructed images can, for example, be rapidly visualized using the ‘File:Import:Image Sequence’ command chain in the Java-based imaging software ImageJ (for free . Given tGigaDB[The dataset presented here permits full open access both to μCT-derived raw data (here: the projection images) as well as derivative data (here: the reconstructed image stacks). The availability of μCT raw data files has been deemed important, primarily due to the rapid increase in the performance of reconstruction algorithms, which in the future could lead to improved data reconstruction . FurtherGigaDB. DespiteGigaDB, and metGigaDB.GigaScience Database online repository [The dataset supporting the results of this article is available in the pository .2D: Two-dimensional; 3D: Three-dimensional; BMP: Bitmap image file; CC0: Creative Commons 0 1.0 public domain dedication; DOI: Digital object identifier; FTP: File Transfer Protocol; GigaDB: GigaScience Database; GNU: GNU’s not unix; gzip: GNU zip; MCZ IZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology Invertebrate Zoology; μCT: Micro-computed tomography; PTA: Phosphotungstic acid; RAM: Random access memory; ROI: region of interest; TIFF: Tagged image file format; VOI: Volume of interest.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Conceived and designed the experiments: JL SK RF AZ. Performed the experiments: JL SK RF. Analyzed the data: JL SK RF AZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JL SK RF GG AZ. Wrote the paper: JL SK RF GG AZ. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


There is an error in reference 71. The correct reference is: Abele, AE. The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003; 85: 768–776.


AbstractCamponotusparabarbatus sp. n. Presence of dense, short setae on gena and ventral surface of head resembles it most to Camponotusbarbatus Roger, 1863 distributed in Southeast Asia. A regional identification key of Camponotus species is provided from the Shivalik hills of Indian Himalaya.A new species of carpenter ant, collected in the Shivalik range of Himalaya is described and illustrated based on the worker and gyne castes under the name  Camponotus are known worldwide  software. These images were processed with Adobe Photoshop CS5. Holotype and paratypes have been deposited in PUPAC, Punjabi University Patiala Ant Collection, Patiala. One paratype will be deposited at BMNH, Natural History Museum, London, UK and one at California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. Morphological definitions for measurements (accurate to 0.01 mm) include:  – HL+ML+PL+GLTL; (Head Length) – length of head, excluding mandibles, measured in a straight line from anteriormost point of median clypeal margin to midpoint of occipital margin in full-face viewHL; (Head Width) – maximum width of head, measured in full-face viewHW; (Eye Length) – maximum length of eye as measured in oblique view of the head to show full surface of eyeEL; (Scape Length) – straight-line length of antennal scape excluding condylar bulbSL; (Mesosoma Length) – diagonal length of mesosoma in lateral view from the point at which pronotum meets cervical shield to posteroventral corner of mesosomaML; (Pronotum Width) – maximum width of pronotum in dorsal viewPW; (Petiole Length) – In profile, the maximum length of the petiole node, measured in a straight horizontal line from immediately above the dorsal base of the anterior petiolar tubercle to the posterior marginPL; (midtibia Length) – maximum length of midtibia in lateral view, with tibial base and apex in the same plane of focus, and with tibia at right angle to femurmTbL; (hindtibia Length) – maximum length of hindtibia in lateral view, with tibial base and apex in same plane of focus, and with tibia at right angle to femurhTbL; – length of the gaster in lateral view from the anteriormost point of first gastral segment to the posteriormost point of the last segmentGL.Bharti & Wachkoo, 2014sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2A5E348D-3C27-4194-B147-9CACF67854CFType status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aijaz A. Wachkoo; individualCount: 1; sex: worker; Location: country: India; stateProvince: Himachal Pradesh; locality: Rewalsar; verbatimElevation: 1360 m; verbatimLatitude: 31.6345°N; verbatimLongitude: 76.8343°EType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aijaz A. Wachkoo; individualCount: 5; sex: 2 workers, 3 gynes; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; stateProvince: Himachal Pradesh; locality: Rewalsar; verbatimElevation: 1360 m; verbatimLatitude: 31.6345°N; verbatimLongitude: 76.8343°EType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aijaz A. Wachkoo; individualCount: 6; sex: workers; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; stateProvince: Uttarakhand; verbatimElevation: 640 m; verbatimLatitude: 30.3416°N; verbatimLongitude: 77.9903°E; Record Level: institutionCode: Forest Research InstituteType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aijaz A. Wachkoo; individualCount: 8; sex: workers; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; stateProvince: Uttarakhand; locality: Rajaji Forest Area; verbatimElevation: 660 m; verbatimLatitude: 30.2483°N; verbatimLongitude: 77.9878°EDescription of worker .Head: Head subtriangular, longer than wide in major worker , with arched margins laterally, posterior margin shallowly concave .As in major worker, with modifications expected for caste and the following differences: head more elongate, sides relatively straight, occipital margin convex; mandible, clypeus and gena brownish. Head narrower than in conspecific major workers; mandible 7 toothed; scape barely reaches the posterior margin of head. Reticulate sculpture more pronounced on head; scutum with scattered wide, shallow punctures. Propodeum dorsum forms right angle with declivity.parabarbatus is a compound word meaning “similar to barbatus”.The species epithet This species seems to be rare in the Shivalik range of Northwest Himalaya although collected from both forested and non-forested areas of the region. Most workers were collected from vegetation while gynes and some workers were found under a large stone.Camponotusparabarbatus resembles to the Camponotusbarbatus distributed in Southeast Asia (Camponotusparabarbatus is subtriangular with a shallowly concave posterior margin, the eyes well within the lateral cephalic margins, and the scape barely touches the posterior margin of head, while in Camponotusbarbatus majors the head is subrectangular with gently convex posterior margin, eyes almost touching the lateral cephalic margins, scape surpasses the posterior margin of head by about 0.25 of its length. In Camponotusparabarbatus minor workers, the scape surpasses the posterior margin of head by about 0.33 of its length, whilst in Camponotusbarbatus the scape does so by half its length. Additionally, Camponotusparabarbatus is uniformly jet-black whereas Camponotusbarbatus is red brown in color.ast Asia  but can


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: ANJ. Performed the experiments: ANJ. Analyzed the data: ANJ CPU. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ESG. Wrote the manuscript: ANJ.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1601910.1038/srep16019; published online: 11022015; updated: 01072016.The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Mengtao Sun, which was incorrectly given as Mentao Sun. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications 6: Article number: 894810.1038/ncomms9948 (2015); Published: 11132015; Updated: 06062015.Imin using a simple parabolic κ(E) WKB approximation, one would extract a much smaller bandgap since Imin is severely underestimated.'This Article contains an error in the penultimate sentence of the penultimate paragraph. This sentence should read: ‘In other words, if one would analyse the minimum current level


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1121710.1038/srep11217; published online: 06162015; updated: 09212015The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Huanyang Chen, which was incorrectly given as Huangyang Chen. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications6: Article number: 8963 10.1038/ncomms9963 (2015); Published: 11252015; Updated: 02012016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Chang-Hsiao Chen, which was incorrectly given as Chiang-Hsiao Chen. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


AbstractLaonastesaenigmamus Jenkins, Kilpatrick, Robinson & Timmins, 2005 was originally discovered in Lao People's Democratic Republic in 2005. This species has been recognized as the sole surviving member of the otherwise extinct rodent family Diatomyidae. Laonastesaenigmamus was initially reported only in limestone forests of Khammouane Province, Central Lao. A second population was recently discovered in Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park (PNKB NP), Quang Binh Province, Central Vietnam in 2011. The confirmed distribution range of L.aenigmamus in Vietnam is very small, approximately 150 km2, covering low karst mountains in five communes of Minh Hoa District, Quang Binh Province, at elevations between 250 and 400 m asl. The Laotian Rock Rat inhabits the lower part of steep karst towers with many rock boulders and crevices under tall limestone evergreen forest. They use small rock crevices for their dens. The natural habitat of this species in PNKB NP has been affected by selected timber harvesting, however, a complex 3-4 layer forest structure is retained. The Laotian Rock Rat is omnivorous, feeding on parts  of 18 plant species and also some insects . The population of this species in PNKB NP is seriously threatened with extinction due to its very restricted distribution, high hunting pressure, and habitat disturbance. Laonastesaenigmamus is listed in the IUCN Red List as endangered and in the Wildlife and Aquatic Red List of Lao, however, this species has not been listed in the Red Data Book or any conservation legislative documents of Vietnam.The Laotian Rock Rat  Laonastesaenigmamus, was first discovered in 2005 in Lao People's Democratic Republic  of Minh Hoa District, Quang Binh Province. These communes were selected because only these communes contain primary or little affected limestone forest as preferable habitat of the Laotian Rock Rat and are situated close to locality where the first Vietnamese specimens of Laotian Rock Rat were collected in 2011. During the village interview survey, all previously trapped animals of Laotian Rock Rat or their remains were collected for further laboratory studies.Based on the results of our village interview survey, 12 areas where local villagers have previously trapped the Laotian Rock Rat were selected for targeted field surveys using cage traps and box traps. After taking morphological characters, all live-trapped animals were released back into the wild at the place where they were trapped. Study of Laotian Rock Rat habitat was carried out in the same 12 areas using transect survey and plot survey techniques. Plots of 10 x 10 m were used for inventory of all trees with height more than 3m, plots of 4 x 4 m for inventory of bush trees of height from 0.5 m to 3 m, and plots of 1 x 1 m for inventory of herbs and tree seedlings less than 0.5 m high.Food items of the Laotian Rock Rat were identified by examining the stomach contents of 10 preserved specimens, food remnants found in the species dens, and observation of live specimens in semi-wild conditions in natural habitat. Food identification was conducted by taxonomic experts based on morphological characters of food item remains. Threats to population and habitat of Laotian Rock Rat were evaluated based on interviews of local villagers and direct observation of threat signs  in the species distribution area.Jenkins, Kilpatrick, Robinson & Timmins, 2005Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude: 17°40’39’'N; verbatimLongitude: 105°57’22’’E; Event: samplingProtocol: trapping; eventDate: 6 Sept 2011; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN21; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: RodentiaDVZ-Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: unkown; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude: 17°40’05’'N; verbatimLongitude: 105°56’27’’E; Event: samplingProtocol: trapping; eventDate: 3 Sept 2011; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN232; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: RodentiaDVZ-Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: unkown; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude: 17°40’55’'N; verbatimLongitude: 105°54’40’’E; Event: samplingProtocol: trapping; eventDate: 7 April 2012; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN231; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: RodentiaDVZ-Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: unkown; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude: 17°40’32’'N; verbatimLongitude: 105°57’52’’E; Event: samplingProtocol: trapping; eventDate: 22 December 2013; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN181; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: RodentiaDVZ-Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: Male; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude: 17°40’07’'N; verbatimLongitude: 105°56’06’’E; Event: samplingProtocol: trapping; eventDate: 12 April 2014; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN219; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: RodentiaDVZ-Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: Female; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude: 17°40’27’'N; verbatimLongitude: 105°55’05’’E; Event: samplingProtocol: trapping; eventDate: 15 April 2014; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: Released to the wildType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: Female; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude: 17°40’03’'N; verbatimLongitude: 105°56’27’’E; Event: samplingProtocol: trapping; eventDate: 15 April 2014; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN223; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: RodentiaDVZ-Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: Female; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude: 17°40’03’'N; verbatimLongitude: 105°56’27’’E; Event: samplingProtocol: trapping; eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN224; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: RodentiaDVZ-Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: Female; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude: 17°40’39’'N; verbatimLongitude: 105°57’34’’E; Event: samplingProtocol: trapping; eventDate: 5 May 2014; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN225; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: RodentiaDVZ-Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: Male; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude: 17°41’13’'N; verbatimLongitude: 105°53’51’’E; Event: samplingProtocol: trapping; eventDate: 27 June 2014; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN230; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: RodentiaDVZ-Fig. 1Fig. 217°40'28”N; 105°55'05"E). This low trapping success can be explained by very low density of the Laotian Rock Rat in the survey area and because of dry season weather. As reported by local villagers, small mammal trapping success is always very low in dry season (from January to June). The live animal was released into the wild after taking its body measurements and monitoring it for a few days in semi-wild conditions. In total, during the period from the first reports of the Laotian Rock Rat in PNKB NP in September 2011 to October 2014, we collected 12 specimens of the species  and checked coordinates of all these localities for the species distribution mapping. The distribution map of the Laotian Rock Rat was established based on data from the village interview surveys comprising 35 localities reported by villagers and 12 localities confirmed by our field surveys. The map showed that the distributional range of the Laotian Rock Rat in PNKB NP area covered about 150 km2 of limestone evergreen forests belonging to five communes  of Minh Hoa District, Quang Binh Province , Hoa Son commune  and Dan Hoa commune  , Dracontomelonduperreanum (Anacardiaceae), Toonasurenii (Meliaceae), Paviesiaanamensis (Sapindaceae), Pterospermumgrewiaefolium (Sterculiaceae), Mahuca sp., Hopea sp., Streblusasper (Moraceae), Litsea sp. (Lauraceae), Sumbaviopsismacrophylla (Euphorbiaceae), Actinodaphne sp. (Lauraceae), Pometiachinensis (Sapindaceae), Choerospondiasaxillaris (Anacardiaceae), Alangiumridleyi (Alangiaceae), Knema sp. (Myristicaceae); etc.The canopy tree layer consists of trees 20-25 m high with stem diameter 0.5-0.8 m. The most common trees species are: Knemacorticosa (Myristicaceae); Streblustonkinensis, Streblusasper (Moraceae), Xylopiavielana (Annonaceae), Diospyros sp. (Ebenaceae), Caryotamitis (Arecaceae), Arengapinnata (Arecaceae), Camelia sp. (Theaceae), Actinodaphne sp. (Lauraceae), Pterospermum sp. (Sterculiaceae), Litsea sp.(Lauraceae), Ormosialaoensis (Fabaceae), Nepheliumlappaceum (Sapindaceae), Sumbaviopsismacrophylla (Euphorbiaceae), Paranepheliumspirei (Sapindaceae), Alangiumridleyi (Alangiaceae), Baccaurea sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Aglaia sp. (Meliaceae), etc.The middle tree layer consists of trees 10-15 m high with stem diameter of 0.3-0.5 m. The most common species are Euphorbiaceae, Theaceae, Myrtaceae and Verbenaceae. Some dominant species are Antidesma sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Trevesiapanmalta , Litseavaliabilis (Lauraceae), Arengapinnata (Arecaceae), Excoecariacochinchinensis (Euphorbiaceae), as well as seedlings of trees from higher layers.The scrub layer consists of trees 3-7 m high, mostly with twisted stems, many branches, and several stems rising from one base. The most common species are from the families Araceae, the genera Calamus and Caryota (family Arecaceae), and many herb species from various families . Some of the most common species are Homalomenaocculta (Araceae), Aglaonemasimplex (Araceae), Aglaonemasiamensis (Araceae), Taccachantrieri (Taccaceae), Aspidistratypica , Piper sp. (Piperaceae), Corymborkisveratrifolia (Orchidaeceae), etc.The herb and fern layer is about 0.5-3 m high, with trees of 0.2-3 m high from family Local villagers reported that the Laotian Rock Rat feeds exclusively on plant parts  of various plant species. Stomach content analysis, examination of food remains dropped in dens, and observation of a live Laotian Rock Rat in semi-wild conditions showed that the species feeds mostly on plant parts, but also some insects, as follows:Aglaonemasimplex (Araceae), Streblusasper (Moraceae), Dracontomelonduperreamum (Anacardiaceae), Pometiachinensis (Sapindaceae), Ficus sp. (Moraceae), Acanthopanaxtrifoliatus , Perillafrutescens (Lamiaceae), Psidiumguajava (Myrtaceae), Zeamays (Poaceae), Prunuspersica (Rosaceae)Young leaves and buds of Streblusasper (Moraceae), Ficus sp. (Moraceae), Dracontomelonduperreamum (Anacardiaceae), Alangiumridleyi (Alangiaceae), Lythocarpusfenestratus (Fagaceae), Musaparadisiaca, Musauranoscapos (Musaceae)Ripe fruits of Zeamays (Poaceae)Seeds of Manihotesculenta (Euphorbiaceae) and Aglaonemasimplex (Araceae)Roots of Cicadidae), Mantis (Mantidae), Grasshopper (Acrididae)Insects: Cicada (2) and located close to the villages of ethnic minorities . These minority groups are very poor and their livelihood depends on wildlife and forest products. Wildlife hunting is a long tradition of the local people, and a practice that remains extensive currently. Most men 15 to 60 years in age in these villages are engaged in wildlife hunting. Their hunting season lasts about eight months per year (from July to February). The most widely used means for trapping the Laotian Rock Rat and other small animals is a metal spring snare, which has a high trapping success and can trap animals of various body size, such as rats, civets, large birds, and snakes. Snap traps are also used because they are easily made in the forest from bamboo and small trees. Each hunter usually keeps 30-100 active snares in forests; some hunters keep up to 300-500 active snares. It is estimated that 30-35 specimens of the Laotian Rock Rat are trapped by local villagers each year in the survey area. Other threats to the natural habitat of the Laotian Rock Rat include forest clearance for agricultural fields, removal of timber trees, collecting firewood and other forest products that lead to degradation of forest quality, and habitat modification. At present, no specific conservation measures are being undertaken aside from awareness education for local villagers.The distribution range of the Laotian Rock Rat in PNKB NP is very small  of Lao. It is expected that this area harbors the Laotian Rock Rat, but no surveys on rodents in this area were carried out.The confirmed distribution of the Laotian Rock Rat population in PNKB NP comprises roughly 150 km2. The species was most abundant in Phou Hin Boun NBCA, while in two nearby limestone areas (Nam Kading NBCA to the north and Hin Namno NBCA to the east) there are no reports of the species. The distribution of the Laotian Rock Rat in PNKB NP, Vietnam is small and far away from Phou Hin Boun NBCA as well as the species distribution range in Khammuoane province. This implies that the population of the Laotian Rock Rat in PNKB NP may be genetically isolated from other populations in Lao and conservation measures for the Vietnamese population should be of high priority and urgency.In Lao, HabitatPNKB NP is located along the eastern slope of the Great Annamite Range which has a wetter climate. The forest habitat of PNKB NP is characterized by dense moist evergreen forest with different types such as evergreen forest on limestone above 700 m asl, montane evergreen forest on hills above 700 m asl, evergreen forest on limestone under 700 m asl, evergreen forest on hills under 700 m asl, degraded evergreen forest on hills, tree and scrub savanna on limestone, tree and scrub savanna on hills, agricultural land, and plantations and other land uses . HoweverThreats and conservationDiatomyidae that was formerly believed to have been extinct for more than 11 million years (Conservation of the Laotian Rock Rat is a high priority not only because the species is the only surviving member of the otherwise extinct family on years  but alsoon years  and in ton years  for cons


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 9847; 10.1038/srep09847 published online: 06032015; updated: 12182015.The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Yeon-Gil Kim which was incorrectly given as Yeun Gil Kim.This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5 Article number: 10179; 10.1038/srep10179 published online: 07102015; updated: 12182015.The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Wen-cai Ye, which was incorrectly given as Ye Wencai.This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 17487; 10.1038/srep17487 published online: 12032015; updated: 02172016.The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Corrado Corradi-Dell’Acqua which was incorrectly given as Corrado Corradi-Dell’ Acqua. This error has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the paper.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 25763; 10.1038/srep25763published online: 05102016; updated: 08252016In the original version of this Article, Affiliation 1 was incomplete. The correct affiliation is listed below:State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.This error has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports1: Article number: 18510.1038/srep00185; published online: 12072011; updated: 09182015The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Lesego Busang which was incorrectly given as Lesogo Busang. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1291410.1038/srep12914; published online: 09032015; updated: 09302015The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Xavier Rocquefelte, which was incorrectly given as Xavier Rocquelfelte. In addition, Affiliation 2 was omitted for this author. These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


The following information is missing from the Funding section: The study also used resources from the Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Science which were supported by NIH grant RR019963/OD010965 (PI: Jay R. Kaplan).


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 18970; 10.1038/srep18970published online: 01062016; updated: 03042016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Bharati Tudu, which was incorrectly given as Bahrati Tudu. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications7: Article number: 11521 10.1038/ncomms11521 (2016); Published: 0592016; Updated: 06072016The HTML version of this Correspondence was previously published with an incomplete title. This has now been corrected in the HTML; the PDF version of the paper was correct from the time of publication.


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the device: DMassai GC GI DG UM. Conceived and performed the computational multiphysics modeling: GI DMassai UM DG. Conceived and performed the biological tests: DMadeddu AF CF FQ DMassai GC. Analyzed the computational multiphysics modeling data: GI DMassai UM DG MAD. Analyzed the biological data: DMadeddu CF AF FQ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FQ AA GFDL UM. Conceived and wrote the manuscript: DMassai GI UM DMadeddu FQ. The publisher apologizes for the errors.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 21413;10.1038/srep21413 Published online 02252016; Updated: 05092016A marked-up version of the Supplementary Information was inadvertently published with the original version of this Article. In addition, Supplementary Software 1 was omitted. These errors have now been corrected.


In November 2013, CEGMR continued its leading role in genomics and organized its 2nd IGMC. The conference was well received and attended by 505 international and national participants. Among the international participants was Professor Erwin Neher, a Nobel laureate with Bert Sakmann in 1991 in Physiology or Medicine, who gave the keynote talk on the first day of the conference on his discovery of “The function of single ion channels in cells” with notes on their function and role in disease. His presence and talk was an excellent opportunity for junior and senior national researchers in Saudi Arabia to meet and learn from a scientific pioneer.Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research  , is a lend IGMC scientific committee led by Dr Muhammad Abu-Elmagd worked tirelessly hard and managed, for the first time ever for the conference, to publish 98 IGMC abstracts and more than 24 peer-reviewed full articles in two separate special supplements in a high impact factor (IF) journal in the field, the BMC Genomics (IF: 4.04) [The 2nd IGMC program, Table . Abstracts of all oral presentations are now published in BMC Genomics special supplement [Oral presentation sessions started with a talk given by Dr Abdulaziz Al-Swailem from KCAST who elaborated on Saudi national science, technology and innovation plans towards knowledge based economy. After Dr Al-Swailem’s presentation, the conference participants enjoyed attending a series of 17 two days excellent talks presented by Thomson Reuters’s ranked highly distinguished scientists who came from various institutions around the globe to deliver presentations in different topics. The latter mainly covered five genomics and genomic-related areas including oncogenomics, genomics and environment interactions, systems biology and computational genomics, immunogenomics, and omics of cell signalling and reproductive biology , where we not only enjoyed tasty and spicy Saudi food, but also had a chance to inspect his remarkable facility for keeping desert wildlife.''APC: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; BMC: BioMed Central; CEGMR: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research; ChIP-Seq: Chromatin Immuno-precipitation Sequencing; CIPM: Centre of Innovation in Personalized Medicine; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; CRC: Colorectal Cancer; ENCODE: Encyclopedia of DNA Elements; IF: Impact Factor; IGB: Integrated Gulf Biosystem; IGMC: International Genomic Medicine Conference; KAU: King Abdulaziz University; KACST: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology; KIFs: Kinesin superfamily proteins; Kras: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; KSA: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; MOH: Ministry Of Higher Education; MTNR1B: Melatonin Receptor 1B; STSs: Sequence-Tagged SitesThe authors disclose no competing interests.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1420010.1038/srep14200; published online: 09232015; updated: 02042016In this Article, an additional affiliation for Qian Liu and Xinyi Zhu was omitted. The correct affiliation is listed below:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China


The correct listing for corresponding author contact information in the PDF should be: *Email: licy_60@163.com (CYL); liuqiyong@icdc.cn (QYL).The email address for one of the corresponding authors, Cheng-Yi Li, is listed incorrectly. The correct email address should be


The correct name is: Bertrand Raynal. The correct citation is: Alexandre T, Raynal B, Munier-Lehmann H (2015) Two Classes of Bacterial IMPDHs according to Their Quaternary Structures and Catalytic Properties. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0116578. doi: There is an error in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: HML. Performed the experiments: TA BR HML. Analyzed the data: TA BR HML. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BR HML. Wrote the paper: BR HML.


Nature Communications7: Article number: 1146310.1038/ncomms11463 (2016); Published: 05102016; Updated: 08042016.The source of reagents for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following:https://www.cellhub.org) for patient fibroblasts.'‘We thank Professors Robin Goland and Dieter Egli (


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 984610.1038/srep09846; published online: 04202015; updated: 10052015This Article contains an error in the affiliation of Daesung Yoon. The correct affiliation is listed below:Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea


Nature Communications 7: Article numbber:1069910.1038/ncomms10699 (2015); Published: 03072016; Updated: 07192016.Technical support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following: We are also grateful to Dr Alexei Barinov for his kind help during our beamtime at the spectramicroscopy beamline of the Elettra synchrotron.


In a Belgian pilot study honey bee wax combs from ten hives were analyzed on the presence of almost 300 organochlorine and organophosphorous compounds by LC–MS/MS and GC–MS/MS. Traces of 18 pesticides were found and not a single sample was free of residues. The number of residues found per sample ranged from 3 to 13, and the pesticides found could be categorized as (1) pesticides for solely apicultural (veterinary) application, (2) pesticides for solely agricultural (crop protection) application, (3) pesticides for mixed agricultural and apicultural (veterinary) application. The frequencies and quantities of some environmental pollutants bear us high concerns. Most alarming was the detection of lindane (gamma-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (including its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene), two insecticides that are banned in Europe. The present comprehensive residue analysis, however, also reveals residues of pesticides never found in beeswax before, i.e. DEET, propargite and bromophos. Varroa destructor with synthetic chemicals, like pyrethroid and organophosphate acaricides, naturally occurring organic acids and essential oils  [Regulation (EC) No 396/2005]. Although the contamination of honey is widely documented in the scientific literature . It should allow us to narrow the scope of future nationwide surveys.During hive control in spring 2012, wax combs were sampled from ten honey bee hives at apiaries located in Flanders at Heist-op-den-Berg (six samples), Leuven (three samples) and Ghent (one sample). As at least 100 g beeswax was required for the multiresidue analysis, we took two empty wax combs from each hive. The sampled bee colonies seemed healthy, with no clinical signs of infectious diseases or acute intoxication.The beeswax was analyzed on the presence of 293 organochlorine and organophosphorous compounds at Intertek Food Services GmbH  according to the European EN 15662 method CEN . The pesThe LC–MS/MS procedure enables to determine the following agents: Abamectin; Acetamiprid; Aldicarb; Aldicarb sulfone; Aldicarb sulfoxide; Amitraz; Azoxystrobin; Benalaxyl; Bitertanol; Boscalid; Bromacil; Bromuconazole; Bupirimate; Buprofezin; Cadusafos; Carbaryl; Carbendazim; Carbofuran; Carbofuran (3-Hydroxy-); Chloroxuron; Clofentezine; Clomazone; Clothianidin; Cymiazole; Cyproconazole; Cyprodinil; Demeton-S-methyl; Demeton-S-methyl; Diethofencarb; Diethyltoluamid (DEET); Difenoconazole; Diflubenzuron; Dimethoate; Dimethomorph; Dimoxystrobin; Diniconazole; Diphenylamine; Disulfoton; Disulfoton-PS-sulfone; Disulfoton-PS-sulfoxide; Ditalimfos; Diuron; Dodine; EPN; Epoxiconazole; Ethiofencarb; Ethoprophos; Ethoxyquin; Famoxadone; Fenamiphos; Fenarimol; Fenazaquin; Fenbuconazole; Fenhexamid; Fenoxycarb; Fenpropimorph; Fenpyroximate; Fenthion; Fenthion-oxon; Fenthion-PO-sulfone; Fenthion-PS-sulfone; Fenthion-sulfoxide; Fluazifop-P-butyl; Fluazinam; Fludioxonil; Flufenoxuron; Fluquinconazole; Flusilazole; Fonofos; Hexaconazole; Hexythiazox; Imazalil; Imidacloprid; Indoxacarb; Iprovalicarb; Isofenphos; Isofenphos-methyl; Isoproturon; Kresoxim-methyl; Linuron; Lufenuron; Malaoxon; Malathion; Mecarbam; Mepanipyrim; Mepronil; Metalaxyl; Metamitron; Metazachlor; Methiocarb; Methiocarb; Methiocarb; Methomyl; Methoxyfenozide; Metobromuron; Metolcarb; Metribuzin; Monolinuron; Myclobutanil; Nitenpyram; Nuarimol; Omethoate; Oxadixyl; Oxamyl; Oxydemeton-methyl; Penconazole; Pencycuron; Pirimicarb; Pirimicarb (Desmethyl-); Prochloraz; Propamocarb; Propargite; Propiconazole; Propoxur; Propyzamide; Pymetrozine; Pyraclostrobin; Pyridaben; Pyridaphenthion; Pyrifenox; Pyrimethanil; Pyriproxyfen; Quinoxyfen; Rotenone; Spinosad; Spirodiclofen; Spiromesifen; Spiroxamine; Tebuconazole; Tebufenozide; Tebufenpyrad; Teflubenzuron; Terbutylazine; Tetraconazole; Thiabendazole; Thiacloprid; Thiametoxam; Thiodicarb; Thiophanate-methyl; Triadimefon; Triadimenol; Trichlorfon; Trifloxystrobin; Triflumizole; Triforine.The GC–MS/MS procedure enables to determine the following agents: Aclonifen; Acrinathin; Alachlor; Aldrin; Benfluralin; Bifenthrin; Binapacryl; Bromophos (-methyl); Bromophos-ethyl; Bromopropylate; Captan; Carbophenothion; Chlordane ; Chlordane (Oxy); Chlordane ; Chlorfenapyr; Chlorfenson; Chlormephos; Chlorobenzilate; Chloroneb; Chloropropylate; Chlorothalonil; Chlorpropham; Chlorpyrifos (-ethyl); Chlorpyrifos-methyl; Chlorthal-dimethyl; Chlorthion; Chlorthiophos; Chlozolinate; Coumaphos; Cyanofenphos; Cyanophos; Cyfluthrin; Cyhalothrin (lambda-); Cypermethrin; DDD ; DDD ; DDE ; DDE ; DDT ; DDT ; Deltamethrin; Diazinon; Dichlobenil; Dichlofenthion; Dichlofluanid; Dicloran; Dicofol; Dieldrin; Endosulfan ; Endosulfan (beta-); Endosulfan-sulfat; Endrin; Esfenvalerate; Ethion; Etofenprox; Etridiazole; Etrimfos; Famphur; Fenchlorphos; Fenitrothion; Fenpropathrin; Fenson; Fensulfothion; Fenvalerate; Fluchloralin; Flucythrinate; Fluvalinate,; Folpet; Formothion; Halfenprox; HCH ; HCH (beta-); HCH (delta-); Heptachlor; Heptachlor epoxide ; Heptachlor epoxide ; Heptenophos; Hexachlorobenzene (HCB); Hexaflumuron; Iodofenphos; Iprobenfos; Iprodione; Isazofos; Isocarbofos; Isodrin; Isoxathion; Leptophos; Lindane (gamma-HCH); Methacrifos; Methidathion; Methoxychlor; Mevinphos; Mirex; Monocrotophos; Nitrapyrin; Nitrofen; o-Phenylphenol; Paraoxon-ethyl; Paraoxon-methyl; Parathion-ethyl; Parathion-methyl; Pendimethalin; Pentachloroaniline; Pentachloroanisole; Permethrin; Phenthoate; Phorate; Phorate-sulfone; Phosalone; Phosmet; Phosphamidon; Piperonyl butoxide; Pirimiphos-ethyl; Pirimiphos-methyl; Procymidone; Profenofos; Profluralin; Propetamphos; Prothiophos; Pyrazophos; Quinalphos; Quintozene; S 421 (octachlorodipropyl ether); Sulfotep; Sulprofos; Tecnazene; Tefluthrin; Terbufos; Tetrachlorvinphos; Tetramethrin; Tetradifon; Tetrasul; Thionazin; Tolclofos-methyl; Tolylfluanid; Triallate; Triazophos; Trichloronat; Trifluralin; Vinclozolin.Both procedures enables to determine the following agents: Acephate; Azinphos-ethyl; Azinphos-methyl; Chlorfenvinphos; Dichlorvos; Fipronil; Methamidophos.Traces of 18 pesticide residues were found in the beeswax samples and not a single sample was free from pesticide residues   and Perizin . However, illegal sales of prescription drugs or the use of home-made preparations based on the agrochemical formulations cannot be excluded.Amitraz was found in two out of ten samples and could originate from both apicultural and agricultural applications in the past. Both applications are presently no longer allowed in Belgium. Since this acaricide was proven to be unstable in beeswax and honey  with no MRL required in food from these animals [Commission Regulation (EU) No 37/2010]. In theory piperonyl butoxide could be allowed to be used in beekeeping upon prescription of a veterinarian under ‘cascade’. The use of this pesticide in beekeeping cannot be excluded: it is sometimes used in insect and bee repellents which are on the market for use in beekeeping and some authors claim that piperonyl butoxide is enhancing the toxicity of fluvalinate to control All other found pesticides originate from a pollution of outside the beehive and their frequencies and quantities bear us high concerns. We have found several fungicides and crop protection agents that are highly toxic for honey bees Table . All of Just like two other Belgian studies we failed to find traces of neonicotinoids in beeswax (Nguyen et al. Worker bees of all ages are susceptible to the effects of pesticide exposure (Rortais et al. Given the contamination of beeswax one may consider to take actions in the field, aimed at lowering the pesticide contamination of beeswax in Belgian apiaries, as stated also before in other countries (Pettis et al.


Nature Communications7, Article number: 11290 10.1038/ncomms11290 (2016); Published: 04122016; Updated: 05062016The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Mark Hatherill, which was incorrectly given as Mark Hatheril. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 9813; 10.1038/srep09813 published online: 05112015; updated: 03042016.The Acknowledgements section was omitted from the Article. It should read:AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Center for Nanoscale Science, an NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, under the award DMR-1420620.


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are:Conceived and designed the experiments: RKF MAG LAD-M RK AMVCS. Performed the experiments: RKF TFB DRR HAB. Analyzed the data: RKF MAG RK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RK AMVCS. Wrote the paper: RKF AMVCS RK. Software used in analysis: MAG.


It should be corrected as follows:incorrect: November 26, 2013correct: December 13, 2013This correction has been completed on the electronic file of the present paper available at J-STAGE.The editorial board expresses sincere apology for the misprinting.Microbes and Environments editorial board


Nature Communications7: Article number: 11106 10.1038/ncomms11106 (2016); Published: 04262016; Updated: 06032016The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Milka Koupenova, which was incorrectly given as Milka Koupenova-Zamor. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


The authors would like to correct an error in the Author Contribution section. Jeffery L. Dangl (JLD) should be listed as one of the persons who wrote the paper.The correct author contributions are:Conceived and designed the experiments: GFW JJ JLD GJ PJBK. Performed the experiments: GFW JJ FEK. Analyzed the data: GFW JJ FEK GJ PJBK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GFW PJBK. Wrote the paper: GFW FEK JLD PJBK.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 14557; 10.1038/srep14557published online 09282015; updated: 10292015The original HTML version of this Article incorrectly listed Ameeta Kelekar as being affiliated with ‘College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455’. The correct affiliation is listed below:Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.This has now been corrected.


BMC Medicine 2015, 13:111 indicating the correct name for one of the authors.This is an Erratum to http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/13/111Please see related article:  Authors’ corrected note:Jan NM IJzermans last name was incorrectly spelled in the author list and was indicated as Jan NM IJermans in our published article . The errCorrected text:Jan NM IJzermans


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 22867 10.1038/srep22867; published online: 03112016; updated: 04222016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Yves De Repentigny, which was incorrectly given as Yves De Repentingy. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 22020; 10.1038/srep22020 Published online: 02252016; Updated: 04072016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Ariane Kaeppeli, which was incorrectly given as Ariane Kaeppli. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1346510.1038/srep13465; published online: 08272015; updated: 10162015In the Supplementary Information file originally published with this Article, Table S15 was truncated. This error has been corrected in the Supplementary Information that now accompanies the Article.


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: RT TCB. Performed the experiments: GPM TCB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JRD TCB. Wrote the manuscript: TCB GPM.The publisher apologizes for the error.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 937810.1038/srep09378; published online: 03232015; updated: 03312016This Article contains an error in Figure 3, where the numbers of genes are incorrectly indicated in the 24-hour and 48-hour sections. The correct Figure 3 appears below as


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 16953; 10.1038/srep16953 published online: 11202015; updated: 04152016.In this Article, an additional affiliation for Keith L. March was omitted. The correct affiliation is listed below:Krannert Institute of Cardiology and the Indianapolis VA Center for regenerative medicine


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2898710.1038/srep28987; published online: 07072016; updated: 08242016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Gerald Fontenay, which was incorrectly given as Gerald Fonteney. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications6: Article number: 866710.1038/ncomms9667 (2015); Published: 10202015; Updated: 11172015.The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of isomerism in the title of the paper. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


AbstractMacrotrachelianigronitens  (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is permanently present in the wild in Auckland (AK), New Zealand. It should therefore be added to the New Zealand Organisms Register (NZOR). It is a specialised predator of thrips inside leaf-roll galls. It has been present in New Zealand since at least the 1980s. Aspects of its biology, distribution, biosecurity status and history in New Zealand are discussed. The first detailed specimen records from New Zealand are provided, and a biological association is noted for the first time with Teuchothripsdisjunctus on Callistemon, probably its main association in New Zealand, where only two species of thrips cause leaf-roll galls. It has not been found associated with other thrips in New Zealand. Macrotrachelianigronitens is not known to be present in Australia, but the poorly known Anthocorisaustropiceus Gross, 1954 has been reported, in an easily overlooked publication, to be associated with Teuchothripsdisjunctus on Callistemon in Canberra. This led to an early tentative identification, by the author, of New Zealand material of Macrotrachelianigronitens as Anthocorisaustropiceus, in collections. This likely misidentification can now be discounted, but further research in Australia is required to determine the true identity of both Anthocorisaustropiceus, and whatever species of anthocorid was found in Canberra. Macrotrachelianigronitens   has recently been submitted by Bioforce Limited to the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) to have Macrotrachelianigronitens declared as "not new", so that it can be legally propagated and/or distributed for the purposes of biological control of pest thrips. In fact, it shall be argued herein that Macrotrachelianigronitens ought never to have been classified as a "new organism" (under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act = not present in New Zealand before 29 July 1998) in the first place, had its biosecurity status been properly assessed. An AMNZ record from 1997 is presented, and an even earlier record from the 1980s is indicated to be held in NZAC. Notes are provided on the biology, distribution and history in New Zealand of Macrotrachelianigronitens.ns Stål, 860 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Macrotrachelia_nigronitensAnthocorisnigronitens Stål, 1860: 43 [Original description]Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Keith A. J. Wise; individualCount: 1; sex: female; Taxon: scientificName: Macrotrachelianigronitens ; Location: country: New Zealand; stateProvince: Auckland (AK); verbatimLocality: 15 Kingdale Road, Henderson, New Zealand, AK; verbatimElevation: 10 m; decimalLatitude: -36.86036; decimalLongitude: 174.62549; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 32; Identification: identifiedBy: Stephen E. Thorpe; Event: samplingProtocol: Swept; eventDate: 1997-05-09; habitat: Garden; fieldNumber: L5751; Record Level: institutionCode: Auckland Museum; collectionCode: AMNZ 59842Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: G. Robertson; individualCount: 3; sex: females; Taxon: scientificName: Macrotrachelianigronitens ; Location: country: New Zealand; stateProvince: Auckland (AK); verbatimLocality: Auckland Regional Botanic Gardens, Manurewa, New Zealand, AK; verbatimElevation: 40m; decimalLatitude: -37.00879; decimalLongitude: 174.90646; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 570; Identification: identifiedBy: Stephen E. Thorpe; Event: eventDate: 2005-08; habitat: Callistemon sp. infested with Teuchothripsdisjunctus (Hood)In leaf-roll galls on ; fieldNumber: L14594; Record Level: institutionCode: Auckland Museum; collectionCode: AMNZ 73644, 73645, 73646Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: John W. Early; individualCount: 5; sex: 3 females, 2 immatures; Taxon: scientificName: Macrotrachelianigronitens ; Location: country: New Zealand; stateProvince: Auckland (AK); verbatimLocality: Auckland Airport, Mangere, New Zealand, AK; decimalLatitude: -37.00019; decimalLongitude: 174.79505; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 400; Identification: identifiedBy: Stephen E. Thorpe; Event: eventDate: 2011-04-17; habitat: Gynaikothripsficorum in rolled leaves of FicusmicrocarpaWith ; fieldNumber: L19131; Record Level: institutionCode: Auckland Museum; collectionCode: AMNZ 85334 (immature), 85335 (immature), 85336 , 85337 , 85338 Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Stephen E. Thorpe; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Taxon: scientificName: Macrotrachelianigronitens ; Location: country: New Zealand; stateProvince: Auckland (AK); verbatimLocality: 25 Felton Mathew Ave, suburb of Saint Johns, New Zealand, AK; verbatimLatitude: -36.87246; verbatimLongitude: 174.84731; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 5; Identification: identifiedBy: Stephen E. Thorpe; Event: eventDate: 2014-03-01; habitat: Callistemon sp. In leaf-roll galls of TeuchothripsdisjunctusOn ; fieldNumber: L17240; Record Level: institutionCode: Auckland Museum; collectionCode: AMNZ 87996Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Stephen E. Thorpe; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Taxon: scientificName: Macrotrachelianigronitens ; Location: country: New Zealand; stateProvince: Auckland (AK); verbatimLocality: 2 Farringdon Street, suburb of Glen Innes, New Zealand, AK; verbatimLatitude: -36.87164; verbatimLongitude: 174.85883; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 0; Identification: identifiedBy: Stephen E. Thorpe; Event: eventDate: 2014-03-02; habitat: Callistemon sp., growing over fence into Paddington Reserve. In leaf-roll gall of TeuchothripsdisjunctusOn ; fieldNumber: EN17241; Record Level: institutionCode: Auckland Museum; collectionCode: AMNZ 87997Macrotrachelianigronitens is present in at least the vicinity of Auckland City and suburbs (AK). The genus Macrotrachelia consists of 6 currently recognised Central American species, with only Macrotrachelianigronitens extending  into South America , and possibly also adventive in California  are responsible for such galls in New Zealand, both of them adventive. One is Gynaikothripsficorum on Ficusmicrocarpa (Moraceae). The other is Teuchothripsdisjunctus on Callistemon (Myrtaceae). Ficusmicrocarpa is rare in New Zealand, present only in cultivation as an ornamental. Callistemon is far more common, and probably represents the main habitat of Macrotrachelianigronitens in New Zealand. Note that Gynaikothripsficorum in New Zealand appears to occur only on Ficusmicrocarpa, and not any of the other, more common species of Ficus. Note also that Macrotrachelianigronitens has not been found feeding on any other thrips, at least not in New Zealand.Macrotrachelianigronitens is present in New Zealand as a permanent wild population in suburban gardens and parks. It should therefore be added to the New Zealand Organisms Register (NZOR), as exotic and present in the wild.The data presented herein strongly indicates that Macrotrachelianigronitens into New Zealand is unknown. It may have arrived here directly from the Americas, associated with Gynaikothripsficorum, and then shifted host to the much more locally abundant Teuchothripsdisjunctus on Callistemon. It is not known to be present in Australia, where both Teuchothripsdisjunctus and Callistemon are native.The pathway of entry of Teuchothripsdisjunctus) in leaf-roll galls on Callistemon sp. The species was subsequently found by the author in the same habitat in Auckland Domain. In the then absence of a clue to the identity of the species, the author noticed a published reference by Anthocorisaustropiceus Gross, 1954. It had been found in leaf-rolls of Teuchothripsdisjunctus on Callistemon, in Canberra, Australia (see p. 83.) The author tentatively identified the New Zealand species as Anthocorisaustropiceus, based purely on the biological association. The identity of Anthocorisaustropiceus remains somewhat unclear from the original description in Anthocorisaustropiceus (AMSA K.67861) is apparently mounted on a microscope slide , and has not been examined by the author. Macrotrachelianigronitens has not been reported from Australia. Therefore, Australian entomologists are encouraged to double check the true identities of both Anthocorisaustropiceus Gross, 1954, and whatever species of anthocorid was collected in Canberra , as it is not impossible that one or other of them could turn out to be Macrotrachelianigronitens. Note that Anthocorisaustropiceus is the only known native Australian member of the tribe Anthocorini (see http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/ANTHOCORINI/checklist), the tribe to which Macrotrachelia is also assigned , which was collected in the Auckland suburb of Henderson in 1997. Subsequently, Dr. Jocelyn Berry (then hymenopterist at NZAC) gave the author some material collected from Auckland Regional Botanic Gardens in August 2005, and given to her privately by the collector. This material was associated with thrips (assigned . It therhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthocoris_austropiceus.jpg), as Anthocorisaustropiceus, an image of a specimen from Teuchothripsdisjunctus leaf-rolls on a Callistemon tree in Auckland Domain. On 31 March 2011, an email was received from David Horton (USDA research entomologist) suggesting that the imaged specimen was in fact a species of Macrotrachelia, which he suggested was probably Macrotrachelianigronitens, but with some reservations as the genus has not been taxonomically revised in recent times. Meanwhile, the author noted a specimen in NZAC collected in the 1980s (1986?), by entomologist Dr. Beverley A. Holloway, on a clothes line in her garden at Lynfield, Auckland. The specimen had an identification label on it reading "near Maoricorisbenefactor", det. M.-C. Larivière. The specimen was with the other material of Maoricoris (an unrelated endemic monotypic genus). Full details are currently unavailable to the author, but it is important for this specimen to be tracked down and confirmed as the likely first New Zealand record of Macrotrachelianigronitens. The issue is therefore highlighted herein for others to follow up. Until September 2007, the author deposited several other specimens into NZAC, tentatively identified as Anthocorisaustropiceus. In 2008 the species was independently discovered in New Zealand , associated with Gynaikothripsficorum leaf-rolls on Ficusmicrocarpa . Macrotrachelianigronitens in California and elsewhere. The Ministry for Primary Industries  treated this as a new incursion, which resulted in the current biosecurity status of Macrotrachelianigronitens as a new organism in New Zealand. Regrettably, none of the people involved or officially consulted by MPI during the incursion investigation took into account the all of the relevant material in AMNZ and NZAC, material which clearly demonstrates that Macrotrachelianigronitens has been present in N.Z. since at least 1997 and almost certainly at least since the 1980s.On 27 March 2010, the author collected and uploaded to Wikimedia Commons  Note that the present author had already sent New Zealand material to Horton, who carefully examined it, including dissections of both male and female genitalia, and he determined it as Macrotrachelianigronitens, based on the published literature. Larivière and Larochelle 2014 formally published the identification after 'comparison between specimens from NZAC and MACN', but without giving details how the comparison was made, or upon what the identification of the MACN material is based. Nevertheless, the present author accepts the determination as being certain enough to run with, in lieu of future taxonomic and/or molecular studies.David Horton initially intended to publish the New Zealand record of


Nature Communications7: Article number: 11146 10.1038/ncomms11146 (2016); Published: 03312015; Updated: 04262015In Fig. 3 of this Article, data in panel ‘a' were inadvertently partially obscured during the production process. The correct version of Fig. 3 now appears in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 869710.1038/srep08697; published online: 03032015; updated: 12182015This Article contains a typographical error in the Introduction section.16,17.although the existence of a such a transition below the upper critical dimension is still under debateshould read:16,17.although the existence of such a transition below the upper critical dimension is still under debateIn addition, there are errors in the following equations.In Equation (14)should read:In Equation (15)should read:In Equation (16)should read:


It came to our attention after our manuscript was published that the caption of Table 1 was incomplete. We provide below the missing information, which is essential to the correct interpretation of the referred table.a Species names and authors are as specified in the original text.b Setation formulae of the first (P1), second (P2) and fourth (P4) swimming legs are summarized as follows: Re /Ri , where Re: exopod, Ri: endopod. F: adult female; M: adult male; TL: total length (mm); Ur1 to Ur5: urosome segments; Fu: furca; CR: caudal rami. nd: no data.PageBreak* Character not explicitly stated in the original but taken from accompanying drawings for comparison purposes.§ Most likely Crisafi (1959) described a late juvenile C5 as an adult male. In addition to the non-geniculated antennule, the urosome is 4-segmented with the last two segments fused .


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1589510.1038/srep15895; published online: 10282015; updated: 12142015In the original HTML version of this Article, Li Yue-Chun was incorrectly listed as being affiliated with ‘Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China’. The correct affiliation is listed below:Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, ChinaThis has now been corrected.


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: MR AO MW MJ. Performed the experiments: MR MJ CS MG MM. Analyzed the data: MR AO MJ MM. Wrote the paper: MR AO MW.


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: SW EC. Analyzed the data: SW EC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SW EC. Wrote the paper: SW EC.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1215610.1038/srep12156; published online: 07172015; updated: 09222015The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Seulki Roh, which was incorrectly given as Seulki Rho. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: SNF MZ. Performed the experiments: JB SC. Analyzed the data: SC MZ JB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SNF JB SC. Wrote the paper: SC MZ JB SNF. Designed the computational analysis: MZ SC.There is an error in the penultimate sentence of the second paragraph of the “The least-dependent components are statistically nearly independent” subsection of the Results. The correct sentence is: The distribution of this null estimate calculated from 100 flight segments (12000 pairs of LDCs) is shown in Fig. 7B (red dashed line).


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2421010.1038/srep24210; published online: 04132016; updated: 06202016In the original version of this Article, an additional affiliation for Taek Dong Chung was omitted. The correct affiliation is listed below:Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea.This error has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.