Micronecta (Micronecta) griseola Horvath, 1899 is a representative of water bugs of the family Corixidae. It is expanding its range eastwards according to our observations in Russia. In the last decade, the species has become more common in Western Siberia.M.griseola from the territory of the Middle Urals (Russia). The distribution of the species and the features of its biology are considered.The article presents the first records of  Corixidae family and two species of the Gerridae family in the Polar Urals is given by A.N. Corixidae are mentioned. In a later work by A.N. Corixidae family for the Orenburg Region and adjacent areas of the middle reaches of the Ural River. In the generalising work of A.N. Corixidae are given for the Urals. However, information on the species of the subfamily Micronectinae Jaczewski, 1924 in all these works is absent. This article presents the first records of Micronecta (Micronecta) griseola Horvath, 1899 from the Middle Urals (Sverdlovsk region).Water bugs of the Urals and Cis-Urals have not been sufficiently studied to date. Information on the finding of two species of the Sirotinina, who worked at the Volga biostation near Saratov. All specimens of Micronecta were determined by her as M.minutissima , according to the European literature existing at that time. These data were repeated in our country by many faunists before the publication of the key to the European part of the USSR , despite the fact that the real M.minutissima was reliably recorded from Russia only in Karelia and the Leningrad Region.In connection with the development of the national economy of the country in the 1920s , the employees of biological stations carried out an intensive study of water bodies and their inhabitants - the fodder base of fish. Extensive material on water bugs from the Volga, Oka, Kama and other water bodies, collected by A.L. Benning  and othethe USSR . The keyountries . A subseountries  showed tM.minutissima from the Southern Urals from the Orenburg Region , with the preparation of male parameres and comparison with the collection.The collection of material in the Middle Urals was done in the eastern part of the Sverdlovsk Region in the spring-summer period of 2020. Small rivers of the Pyshma and Tura River Basins (Ob-Irtysh Basin) were investigated. The material was collected with a hydrobiological net, by catching water near the coast and mowing aquatic vegetation. The determination was made at the Horvath, 189984D76BB6-21E2-56C9-B86F-153896819731Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Vitaly Stolbov; lifeStage: 1 larva of the last instar; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family: Corixidae; genus: Micronecta; subgenus: Micronecta; specificEpithet: griseola; scientificNameAuthorship: Horvath, 1899; Location: country: Russia; stateProvince: Sverdlovsk region; county: Slobodo-Turinsky district; locality: vicinity of the village Bobrovskoe; verbatimLocality: Bobrovka River, backwater, slow current, silty ground, depth 1 meter; verbatimElevation: 60 m a.s.l.; decimalLatitude: 57.498944; decimalLongitude: 64.148056; Identification: identifiedBy: Elena Kanyukova; Event: eventDate: 28.05.2020; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Vitaly Stolbov; lifeStage: 2 males, 9 larvae of the last instar; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family: Corixidae; genus: Micronecta; subgenus: Micronecta; specificEpithet: griseola; scientificNameAuthorship: Horvath, 1899; Location: country: Russia; stateProvince: Sverdlovsk region; county: Irbitsky district; locality: vicinity of the village Chernovskoe; verbatimLocality: Kirga River, depth more than a meter, fast current, sandy-silty soil, stones; verbatimElevation: 60 m a.s.l.; decimalLatitude: 57.609778; decimalLongitude: 63.382833; Identification: identifiedBy: Elena Kanyukova; Event: eventDate: 28.05.2020; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Vitaly Stolbov; lifeStage: 1 larva of the last instar; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family: Corixidae; genus: Micronecta; subgenus: Micronecta; specificEpithet: griseola; scientificNameAuthorship: Horvath, 1899; Location: country: Russia; stateProvince: Sverdlovsk region; county: Artyomovsky district; locality: vicinity of the village Antonovo; verbatimLocality: Sparganium sp.Borovaya River, depth 50 cm, fast current, muddy soil with separate stones, thread algae, ; verbatimElevation: 95 m a.s.l.; decimalLatitude: 57.544000; decimalLongitude: 62.361556; Identification: identifiedBy: Elena Kanyukova; Event: eventDate: 28.05.2020; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Vitaly Stolbov; lifeStage: 1 male, 252 1-2 instar larvae, 2 last instar larvae; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hemiptera; family: Corixidae; genus: Micronecta; subgenus: Micronecta; specificEpithet: griseola; scientificNameAuthorship: Horvath, 1899; Location: country: Russia; stateProvince: Sverdlovsk region; county: Talitsky district; locality: Pripyshminskie Bory National Park; verbatimLocality: bypass channel of the Urga River, depth 30 cm, clay-sandy soil, fast current; verbatimElevation: 86 m a.s.l.; decimalLatitude: 56.976389; decimalLongitude: 63.681250; Identification: identifiedBy: Elena Kanyukova; Event: eventDate: 30.07.2020; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenM.griseola for the first time in the Sverdlovsk Region. Species of the genus Micronecta are the smallest representatives of the Corixidae family, the body length of the species ranges from 1.5 to 2.4 mm . In cold countries, one generation was recorded each summer (According to Wroblewski (1958), h summer . The larh summer .In a previous work , we discM.griseola. The date of collection of imagos and young larvae in the rivers of the Middle Urals on 30 July 2020, makes it possible to think that these adults belong to the second (summer) generation, which, after laying eggs, gives rise to wintering larvae. Although, like many insect species, Micronecta's breeding times are extended during the summer and may overlap.Finds of older larvae and some imagos in the last ten days of May in the Middle Urals make it possible to attribute them to overwintered individuals and to consider this time as the date of the appearance of the first generation of adults of ConclusionM.griseola was recorded in the Novosibirsk Region in 2010. All records from the southwest of Western Siberia in the Tyumen Region were made by authors within several years after 2017. Findings of M.griseola in large numbers in four rivers of the Sverdlovsk Region in 2020 suggest that this species has been actively spreading in recent years over the territory of the West Siberian Plain (Ob-Irtysh Basin).For the first time beyond the Urals, in Western Siberia, M.griseola in different countries have also been published (In Europe, in recent decades, data on new finds of ublished , which iM.griseola is also evidence of the ecological plasticity of the species. Often, the expansion of the ranges of aquatic organisms is associated with human economic activities - unintentional introduction and transformation of water bodies (M.griseola range requires additional research.The expansion of the ranges of a number of species in recent years has been noted in many regions, including Siberia. Often, in the case of terrestrial animal and plant species, this phenomenon is associated with global climate change . The sitr bodies . Identif


We regret the unprofessional behavior of the authors involved.hongruiyan001@163.com> (new email)Correspondence: Ruihong Yan: <


Museums and other institutions curating natural history collections (NHCs) are fundamental entities to many scientific disciplines, as they house data and reference material for varied research projects. As such, biological specimens preserved in NHCs represent accessible physical records of the living world's history. They provide useful information regarding the presence and distribution of different taxonomic groups through space and time. Despite the importance of biological museum specimens, their potential to answer scientific questions, pertinent to the necessities of our current historical context, is often under-explored.The currently-known wild bee fauna of Luxembourg comprises 341 registered species distributed amongst 38 different genera. However, specimens stored in the archives of local NHCs represent an untapped resource to update taxonomic lists, including potentially overlooked findings relevant to the development of national conservation strategies.Andrenalagopus , Nomadafurva , Hoplitispapaveris  and Sphecodesmajalis . Additionally, the presence of Nomadasexfasciata , which inexplicably had been omitted by the most current species list, can be re-confirmed. Altogether, our findings increase the number of recorded wild bee species in Luxembourg to 346. Moreover, the results highlight the crucial role of NHCs as repositories of our knowledge of the natural world.We re-investigated the wild bee collection of the Zoology Department of the National Museum of Natural History Luxembourg by using morphotaxonomy and DNA barcoding. The collection revision led to the discovery of four species so far not described for the country:  Natural history museums are important research and educational institutions, with a crucial role in the production and communication of scientific knowledge. Their associated natural history collections (NHCs) document what is known about the world’s bio- and geodiversity, provide resources and reference material for scientific research and outreach and contribute to the very basis of formal educational programmes . ArchiveIn this study, we followed this approach and performed a revision of the wild bee collection material curated at the Zoology Department of the National Museum of Natural History Luxembourg  to produce an updated species checklist of the wild bee fauna of Luxembourg. Additionally, specimens collected in 2019 during the pilot phase of the ongoing "Atlas of the wild bee fauna of Luxembourg” project were integrated in the analysis to evaluate the presence of potential new findings.Relevant entries of 5,908 wild bee voucher specimens stored in the database of the MNHNL  were downloaded as spreadsheets to evaluate the presence and distribution of Luxembourgish and non-Luxembourgish species in the collection . SpecimeSpreadsheets were manipulated using R version 3.6.2  to identFrom the pilot phase of the wild bee atlas project, 16 specimens were selected for molecular identification via DNA barcoding. The BF2/BR2 primer pair  was usedPotential new species discoveries originating from either the revised museum collection entries or the fieldwork material were inspected with a Keyence VHX-S660E digital microscope, using various morphological keys to evaluate diagnostic traits Table .11409551-665C-5A11-98D1-1B559156557BNomadafurva Common names: Nomade funeste (French), Schwärzliche Wespenbiene (German)Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: MNHNL39915; recordedBy: Fernand Feitz; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Nomadafurva ; order: Hymenoptera; family: Apidae; genus: Nomada; specificEpithet: furva; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: ; vernacularName: Nomade funeste (French), Schwärzliche Wespenbiene (German); Location: country: Luxembourg; locality: Remerschen; decimalLatitude: 49.4837; decimalLongitude: 6.3475; Identification: identifiedBy: Andrea Jakubzik; Event: samplingProtocol: Net; eventDate: 16-07-2004; Record Level: institutionCode: MNHNL; basisOfRecord: Preserved SpecimenNomada presenting yellow maculations in the margin of labrum, malar area, apex of clypeus and in front of the eyes  dark coloured yes Fig. a and b. yes Fig. c. The dayes Fig. d. The layes Fig. e and theyes Fig. f.Voucher specimen (MNHNL39915): Adult male. Body length of 4.7 mm.Lasioglossum, with a flight season that extends from the end of April until mid-September ”, meaning that there is a lack of scientific information to assess extinction risk 67382451-6A9B-5F81-8BA9-F874E30E9C0FHoplitispapaveris Common names: Osmie du Coquelicot (French), Mohn-Mauerbiene (German).Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: MNHNL21866; recordedBy: Svenja Christian; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Hoplitispapaveris ; order: Hymenoptera; family: Megachilidae; genus: Hoplitis; specificEpithet: papaveris; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: ; vernacularName: Osmie du Coquelicot (French), Mohn-Mauerbiene (German); Location: country: Luxembourg; locality: Mertert; decimalLatitude: 49.70359; decimalLongitude: 6.48171; Event: samplingProtocol: Caught by hand; eventDate: 04-06-2015; Record Level: institutionCode: MNHNL; basisOfRecord: Preserved SpecimenMale: A medium sized (9-11 mm) mason bee with a black body covered in yellow-brown hair and short antennae Fig. a. TergitVoucher specimen (MNHNL21866): Adult male. Body length of 8.8 mm.Papaverrhoeas) to line the brood cells ” (rn (LC)” , but it rn (LC)” .61DAE441-E835-587B-8939-D61C404ED6DCNomadasexfasciata Common names: Nomade six-bandes (French), Langkopf-Wespenbiene (German), Six-banded Nomad Bee (English).Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: MNHNL25076; recordedBy: Fernand Feitz; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Nomadasexfasciata ; order: Hymenoptera; family: Apidae; genus: Nomada; specificEpithet: sexfasciata; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: ; vernacularName: Nomade six-bandes (French), Langkopf-Wespenbiene (German), Six-banded Nomad Bee (English); Location: country: Luxembourg; locality: Remich; decimalLatitude: 49.5479; decimalLongitude: 6.36037; Identification: identifiedBy: Andrea Jakubzik; Event: samplingProtocol: Net; eventDate: 05-05-2000; Record Level: institutionCode: MNHNL; basisOfRecord: Preserved SpecimenNomada species. Yellow maculations are present in the pronotal lobes, tegula, as two small spots on the scutellum and as large yellow spots on the sides of tergites 1-3, that become bands in tergites 4-5  black and yellow  mm blackVoucher specimen (MNHNL25076): Adult female. Body length of 12 mm.Eucera nests, with a flight season spanning from late April until late July on the European continent (An univoltine species that parasites ontinent .Nomadasexfasciata is classified under the IUCN category “Least Concern (LC)” (rn (LC)” , but it rn (LC)” .F86547C4-1DF0-5E0D-BFBD-11E2FF45A4DBAndrenalagopus Common names: Andrène deux-cellules (French), Zweizellige Sandbiene (German).Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: MNHNL100056; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; associatedSequences: BOLD: MNHNL162-21; Taxon: scientificName: Andrenalagopus ; order: Hymenoptera; family: Andrenidae; genus: Andrena; specificEpithet: lagopus; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: ; vernacularName: Andrène deux-cellules (French), Zweizellige Sandbiene (German); Location: country: Luxembourg; locality: Kehlen; decimalLatitude: 49.671931; decimalLongitude: 6.046718; Identification: identifiedBy: Fernanda Herrera-Mesías; Event: samplingProtocol: pan trap (passive sampling); eventDate: 20-05-2019; Record Level: institutionCode: MNHNL; basisOfRecord: Preserved SpecimenAndrena : Adult female. Body length of 9.23 mm.Andrenalagopus from France , collected in Alsace and Indre et Loire.The taxonomic annotation is supported by DNA barcoding data. The best percentages of sequence identity were achieved with two specimens of Brassicaceae) for pollen collection ” (rn (LC)”  as it isrn (LC)” .A68A4ADA-245F-5A6A-8572-B7C6269E7294Sphecodesmajalis Common names: Sphécode de mai (French), Kortsnuitbloedbij (Dutch), Mai-Blutbiene (German).Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: MNHNL100057; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; associatedSequences: BOLD: MNHNL163-21; Taxon: scientificName: Sphecodesmajalis ; order: Hymenoptera; family: Halictidae; genus: Sphecodes; specificEpithet: majalis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: ; vernacularName: Sphécode de mai (French), Kortsnuitbloedbij (Dutch), Mai-Blutbiene (German); Location: country: Luxembourg; locality: Manternach; decimalLatitude: 49.710039; decimalLongitude: 6.430916; Identification: identifiedBy: Fernanda Herrera-Mesías; Event: samplingProtocol: pan trap (passive sampling); eventDate: 28-04-2019; Record Level: institutionCode: MNHNL; basisOfRecord: Preserved SpecimenSphecodes species (6-8 mm)  Fig. a and b. mm) Fig. c. The himm) Fig. d. The pumm) Fig. e. The gomm) Fig. f.Voucher specimen : Adult male. Body length of 7.19 mm.Sphecodesmajalis from France , collected in Loir et Cher.The taxonomic annotation is supported by DNA barcoding data. A perfect match of genetic sequence similarity was achieved with a specimen of Lasioglossumpallens , its only known host in Europe ” (ed (NT)” . Recordsed (NT)” .Andrenidae, Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae and Melittidae). Exact sampling sites and detailed information for each museum specimen are available at the Species Observation Database Service of the museum. From the 218 wild bee species listed in the database, 194 were present in previous species checklists, confirming that at least some individuals have been found in Luxembourgish territory. The remaining 24 species did not figure as present in the country in the literature sources consulted. These species were represented in the collection exclusively by individuals collected in other countries, except for five species, whose annotations linked them to at least one voucher specimen from a gathering site placed in modern Luxembourgish territory: Colletesfodiens , Hylaeusstyriacus , Nomadafurva , Nomadasexfasciata  and Hoplitispapaveris . In three of these cases, previous taxonomic annotations of the analysed voucher specimens and our morphological re-examinations were in agreement .The 5,908 wild bee specimens registered in the MNHNL collection were distributed amongst 33 genera from six families  in the collection. The results of the morphological re-evaluation of both specimens were inconclusive. The female specimen (MNHNL41840), which was collected in 1999, lacked the conspicuous white-haired face and those hairs across the dorsal surface of the first tergite that characterise C.fodiens , which was collected in 2013, had the hairs of the sternites glued together and partially covered by sand grains. The genitalia were contracted inside the abdomen, obscuring visualisation of the crucial characters described in the taxonomic keys. As a more conservative approach, we thus do not recognise C.fodiens as a potential new finding for Luxembourg.However, in the remaining two cases, the taxonomic annotations showed conflicting results. In the case of ns sensu . Some au females . HoweverH.styriacus, there were eleven female specimens in the collection. In all cases, the shape of the facial fovea matched the one of Hylaeus from the subgenusParaprosopis  presented the tridentate mandible and pronotum with pointed edges that characterise Hylaeusclypearis . In the rest of the cases evaluated, the characteristics of the specimens matched the description of Hylaeuspictipes : facial lateral yellow spots, punctures on tergites/mesopleura and the overall shape of the head. For the aforementioned reasons, the original annotation and the presence of H.styriacus in Luxembourg remains to be confirmed.In the case of is sensu  to whichAndrenalagopus  and Sphecodesmajalis , respectively. Both species have no previous records in the country, rendering those two entries the first documented findings.Finally, the DNA barcodes of two of the specimens from the pilot phase of the wild bee atlas project had a 100% genetic similarity in BOLD with sequences annotated as Therefore, the morphological and molecular evidence indicates the presence of five wild bee species that are missing in the most current checklists . The fifth species, Nomadasexfasciata, is missing in N.sexfasciata for Luxembourg as well. Moreover, two specimens  were collected in the country in 1997 . It is worth mentioning that the most important morphological traits used to separate species within the subgenusParaprosopis, according to the key of Hylaeus bees (~ 4 mm), distinguishing similar species without such a level of magnification and optical performance might not be straightforward, as it may be hard to observe the most subtle details in the head and face. The importance of this factor as a potential error source in the morphological identification of Hylaeus bees and other wild bees of similar size remains to be determined.In the case of the potential of 2.17% , DNA barAndrenalagopus and Sphecodesmajalis require a special ecological discussion. Both were collected in 2019 during the pilot phase of a wild bee atlas project. In particular, the discovery of the ground nesting bee, A.lagopus, is locally relevant. This species is described as an oligolectic, warm-habitat-loving bee with an Atlanto-Mediterranean distribution , Sinapsisarvensis, Barbareavulgaris and Cardaminepratensis  in Turkey  might be a consequence of the particular relationship this cuckoo bee has with its host. Unlike most other blood bees, which visit different nests and kill or expel their occupants, it has been observed that S.majalis females do not drive away its host, showing no aggressive or defensive behaviour towards L.pallens females  were added to the national checklist of Luxembourg. Additionally, we found evidence that supports the current presence in the country of a fifth species (N.sexfasciata), which was omitted during past inventories. With the addition of these findings, the number of wild bee species registered in Luxembourg has increased to 346. The wild bee collection curated at the National Museum of Natural History Luxembourg is preserved under suitable conditions, which will allow future generations of researchers to use, re-examine and debate it in order to answer scientific questions pertinent to their own historical time. As such, our results represent just a small fraction of the exceptional value that NHCs have as repositories for the documentation of the bio- and geodiversity of the world. Despite this great potential, the current decrease in the available funds to keep and curate NCHs threatens the future of several collections, especially the smaller ones, affecting our possibilities to continue profiting from them in the years to come. Therefore, support from the scientific community and funding bodies is imperative, so biological collections can keep growing, documenting and ultimately, fulfilling their role in society.Our results highlight the importance of NHCs as sources for discoveries and critical re-interpretations of scientific knowledge. In combination with recent fieldwork material, four new wild bee species Data typeSpecies listFile: oo_530987.xlsxhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/530987Fernanda Herrera-Mesías, Alexander Weigand71958FD8-B10A-5BD2-A63F-E05C3E4550B210.3897/BDJ.9.e64027.suppl2Supplementary material 2Additional species suggested by the westpalbees database for Luxembourg.Data typetaxonomicFile: oo_532963.xlsxhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/532963Alexander Weigand, Fernanda Herrera-Mesías


We regret the unprofessional behavior of the authors involved.fuyan0059@sina.com>Correspondence: Yan Fu: <


Arctiini is a species-rich tribe of the subfamily Arctiinae of the family Erebidae. The genus Olepa Watson, 1980 is distributed in the Oriental and Palearctic Regions and the diversity reaches its peak in south Asia.The tribe Olepa from China and re-describe Oleparicini , together with illustrations of its adult and male genitalia. Furthermore, based on an analysis of 658-bp COI barcoding sequences, together with morphological studies, we consider that Olepaschleini Witt et al., 2005 syn. n. is a new synonym of O.ricini.We herein describe the first record of the genus  Olepa was originally established by Alope Walker, 1855  with Alopeocellifera Walker, 1855 as the type species. Oleparicini Fabricius, 1775 species group, restored the specific status of O.ocellifera Walker and O.clavatus Swinhoe and described four new species from southern India and Sri Lanka. Subsequently, Olepa into two species groups, based on differences in male genitalia. Subsequent studies revealed three additional species from western Asia, India and Indochina . Two species, namely O.neumuthi and O.toulgoeti, were treated as the synonyms of O.ricini and O.clavatus, respectively. Recently, Kalawate et al.  solution for examination of male genitalia, photographs of which were taken under a Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope. Terminology of adult and genitalia follows Olepa as the ingroup and, for the outgroup, we used Trischalisaureoplagiata and Cyclosiellaspiralis (two species of the tribe Lithosiini of the subfamily Arctiinae). We sequenced four specimens from China and the remaining sequences were obtained from GenBank and Bold Systems. DNA was extracted from two or three legs of dried adult specimens using a TIANamp Genomic DNA Kit  following the manufacturer’s instructions. We amplified a single mitochondrial gene (a 658-bp fragment of COI) using the general primers 1490-2198 7F131776-AEE6-57B1-A7C1-524B2EEEE8C9BombyxriciniAlopericini Moore, 1882: 70Pericalliaricini Hampson, 1901, 350Oleparicini Watson, 1980:133Olepa (Ricinia) ricini ; Singh & Singh, 2013:276Olepaneumuthi Orhant, 2012:61, synonymised by Singh & Singh, 2013Olepaschleinisyn. nov. Witt et al., 2005:102 , Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: S.Y. Huang; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: SCAU:Ole02; Taxon: scientificName: Oleparicini ; order: Lepidoptera; family: Erebidae; genus: Olepa; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangdong; county: Guangzhou; locality: campus of South China Agricultural University; Event: eventDate: 14-Sep-2021Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: S.Y. Huang; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: SCAU:Ole01; Taxon: scientificName: Oleparicini ; order: Lepidoptera; family: Erebidae; genus: Olepa; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangdong; county: Guangzhou; locality: campus of South China Agricultural University; Event: eventDate: 24-Sep-2020Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y.X Hou; sex: 1 males; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: SCAU:Ole03; Taxon: scientificName: Oleparicini ; order: Lepidoptera; family: Erebidae; genus: Olepa; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangdong; county: Guangzhou; locality: campus of South China Agricultural University; Event: eventDate: 1-Oct-2021Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: L.P. Zhou; sex: 1 males; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: SCAU:Ole04; Taxon: scientificName: Oleparicini ; order: Lepidoptera; family: Erebidae; genus: Olepa; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hainan; locality: Yinggeling Natural Reserve; Event: eventDate: 13-Jul-2020Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Qin; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: SCAU:Ole05; Taxon: scientificName: Oleparicini ; order: Lepidoptera; family: Erebidae; genus: Olepa; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangdong; county: Guangzhou; locality: campus of South China Agricultural University; Event: eventDate: 14-Oct-20212; marginal line serrate, extending from apex to vein CuA1. Venation , Thailand, India, Israel.Olepa is morphologically similar to O.schleini and O.ricini. These two species were supposed to be distinguished from each other mainly by the differences in the tip of the valva, i.e. tip rounded in the former and more acute in the latter, together with a great genetic difference in COI sequences (O.ricini (GenBank accession numbers AM050280-AM050284) used by Witt et al. (2005) in GenBank, we found that these sequences are actually closer to those of certain species in the family Geometridae rather than other members of Arctiinae of the family Erebidae. It is very likely that these COI sequences of O.ricini are wrong and are not the true ones of this species. This result can also explain why the genetic difference between O.ricini and O.toulgoeti was also as large as 18.2% to 18.5%, but the difference between O.schleini and O.toulgoeti was only 1.6% to 1.8%, despite the fact that O.schleini and O.ricini are morphologically closer. Based on our analysis, the genetic difference between Chinese Olepa sp. and Israeli O.schleini is 0%, the difference between two true Indian O.ricini (GenBank accession numbers KX371816 and KY559102) and Israeli O.schleini varies from 0.3% to 0.9% and the difference between Chinese Olepa sp. and Indian O.ricini also varies from 0.3% to 0.9%. Considering the fact that the genetic difference between the morphologically dissimilar O.ricini and O.toulgoeti is only 1.6% to 1.8% and the difference found between Indian O.ricini and Israeli O.schleini is smaller than 1%, we believe that all the three populations of O.ricini and O.schleini mentioned above should be regarded as conspecific. As for the difference in wing pattern, according to Orhant (1986), the lectotype of O.ricini housed in the Natural History Museum of Denmark is a female without abdomen  and the holotype of O.schleini is a male deposited in Museum Witt Munich, but the adult of this specimen was not specified in the plates in Witt et al. (2005). By comparing the female lectotype of O.ricini and illustrations of males of this species from various publications with males and females of O.schleini figured in Witt et al. (2005), we found no significant difference between these individuals and, interestingly, the pale rings are mostly reduced in the lectotype of O.ricini, similar to the situation in O.schleini. Hence, we concluded that this character is most probably due to individual variation. Thus, we herein present the following synonym: Olepaschleini Witt et al., 2005 syn. n. = Oleparicini  and the Chinese Olepa sp. should be also identified as O.ricini.The Chinese population of equences . In addi


In “A Patient Journey Map to Improve the Home Isolation Experience of Persons With Mild COVID-19: Design Research for Service Touchpoints of Artificial Intelligence in eHealth” :e23238) the authors noted one error.In the originally published manuscript, Multimedia Appendix captions incorrectly appeared as follows:Multimedia Appendix 1: Patient journey map of persons with mild COVID-19 during home isolation.Multimedia Appendix 2: Visual summary.Multimedia Appendix 3: Video purpose and comments coding trees.Multimedia Appendix 4: Personal video story coverage and experienced symptoms during home isolation.In the corrected version of the manuscript, Multimedia Appendix captions have been corrected to:Multimedia Appendix 1: Personal video story coverage and experienced symptoms during home isolation.Multimedia Appendix 2: Patient journey map of persons with mild COVID-19 during home isolation.Multimedia Appendix 3: Video purpose and comments coding trees.Multimedia Appendix 4: Visual summary of design research.The correction will appear in the online version of the paper on the JMIR Publications website on May 4, 2021, together with the publication of this correction notice. Because this was made after submission to PubMed, PubMed Central, and other full-text repositories, the corrected article has also been resubmitted to those repositories.


Lycaenidae is the second-largest group of butterflies which contains about one third of the known species of Papilionoidea. The genera Tajuria Moore, [1881] and Drupadia Moore, 1884 are both mainly found in the Oriental and Australian realms. In a very recent expedition to south-west China in Xishuangbanna (Yunnan Province), specimens of T.sekii Saito, 2005 and D.scaeva  were collected for the first time, a new subspecies of the former: T.sekiisisyphus ssp. nov., is described and illustrated and the latter species comprises the first record of the genus Drupadia in China.The family T.sekii Saito, 2005, T.sekiisisyphus ssp. nov., is described and illustrated. The species T.sekii Saito, 2005 and D.scaeva  are first recorded in China and the latter comprises the first record of the genus Drupadia in China. Relevant details are presented for the species.A new subspecies of  Lycaenidae is the second largest family of butterflies, which includes over 6,000 species  were first collected in Yunnan Province and a new subspecies, T.sekiisisyphus ssp. nov., is described and illustrated.In this contribution, specimens of Photographs of the adults were taken by an Olympus E-M1 digital camera with a M. ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60 mm F2.8 Macro lens. To examine the male genitalia, the abdomen was removed and soaked in 10% potassium hydroxide solution at room temperature for about 24 hours and was dissected under a Nikon SMZ18 stereoscope, following D9D8C9F4-C372-5584-9389-C7C2C4618AC3Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Si-Xun Ge; Zhuo-Heng Jiang; individualCount: 3; sex: 3 males; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Drupadiascaeva ; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Lepidoptera; family: Lycaenidae; genus: Drupadia; specificEpithet: scaeva; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan Province; county: Mengla Country; locality: Menglun township; maximumElevationInMeters: 800 m a.s.l.; verbatimCoordinates: 21°9629′ N, 101°2073′ E; Identification: identifiedBy: Shao-Ji Hu; dateIdentified: 2021; Event: samplingProtocol: sweep net; year: 2021; month: 4; day: 24; habitat: Rain Forest; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenMale cooperi, with the bluish scales in the centre of fore-wings absent and a relatively limited violet area on hind-wings.We tentatively identified specimens collected in this study as ssp. Ge & Jiangn.566CA7A0-CD39-5557-A79A-2406410BBD0669624BFA-969D-44FC-9ED6-CFC6BEB9E2B5Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Si-Xun Ge; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; disposition: in collection; Location: country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla Country; locality: Menglun township; verbatimElevation: 800 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21°9629′ N, 101°2073′ E; Identification: identifiedBy: Si-Xun Ge; dateIdentified: 2021; Event: samplingProtocol: sweep net; year: 2021; month: 4; day: 24; habitat: Rain Forest; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Si-Xun Ge; Zhuo-Heng Jiang; individualCount: 4; sex: 4 females; lifeStage: adult; disposition: in collection; Location: country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla Country; locality: Menglun township; verbatimElevation: 800 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21°9629′ N, 101°2073′ E; Identification: identifiedBy: Si-Xun Ge; dateIdentified: 2021; Event: samplingProtocol: sweep net; year: 2021; month: 4; day: 24; habitat: Rain Forest; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenMale Fig. : Fore-wiMale genitalia Fig. : Highly Female Fig. : Fore-wiTajuriasekiisisyphus ssp. nov. can be distinguished from the nominotypical subspecies by the combination of the following characteristics: 1) Blue areas of both sexes are more reduced, especially in female, 2) Hindwing with tornal black spot in space 2 on the upperside of females, while absent in nominotypical subspecies and 3) Compared to the nominotypical subspecies, females of the new subspecies with both wings broader and more rounded.The Myth of Sisyphus. The process of scientific research is just like the act of rolling the boulder up the hill. However, the description of each new taxon is exciting enough. "Each atom of that stone, each mineral flake of that night-filled mountain, in itself forms a world. The struggle itself toward the heights is enough to fill a man's heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy." The subspecies name is treated as a noun in apposition.The subspecies name is derived from the name of a man in Greek mythology, who also appears in sisyphus is only known from China.The nominotypical subspecies can be found in Thailand, Vietnam and Laos, while ssp. China is a country with mega-biodiversity of butterflies, especially the southwest mountainous part . Yunnan D.scaeva had already been taken by nature lovers in Xishuangbanna Prefecture, while there has been no official publication of this species in China. In this expedition, specimens of D.scaeva were collected and it was confirmed that the species is, indeed, present in China.Before this contribution, photos of Tajuria has a high diversity in Oriental and Australian Realms. However, systematic studies on this genus are still very limited, even in recent years; therefore, the definition of some species is still unresolved. We speculate that there should be more species of Tajuria to be found in China.The genus


We regret the unprofessional behavior of the authors involved.joethomas5725@gmail.com>Correspondence: Wenhao Zhang: <


Quasipaa is a genus of frogs that belongs to a relatively poorly known group. Most of the species distribution has been recorded in China; however, a few incidences of identification have occurred in the eastern part of Indochina. To date, only one species (Quasipaafasciculispina) of Quasipaa has been recorded from Chanthaburi and Trat Provinces in south-eastern Thailand.Spiny Frog Quasipaaverrucospinosa from Doi Phu Kha National Park, Nan Province at an altitude of 900–1000 m a.s.l. Our study has demonstrated that populations of this species are paraphyletic and has revealed deep genetic differences. Therefore, it is recommended that a comprehensive study be undertaken to clarify the taxonomic and geographic distribution of this species for its suitable protection and conservation.Based on recent fieldwork conducted in northern Thailand, we report a new record of  Dicroglossidae is a diverse group of amphibians in Thailand. As a direct result of the increasing amounts of attention and effort being devoted to herpetological research studies, the species diversity of this family in Thailand has remarkably increased from 31 species in the year 2011, to 38 species at present . To date, official records are comprised of 12 recognised species of this genus, of which only one species, namely Q.fasciculispina, was reported from south-eastern Thailand (Frost 2021). The Granular Spiny Frog Quasipaaverrucospinosa (considered to be at the ‘Near Threatened’ level on the IUCN Red List) was first described by René Bourret in 1937 and was collected from Chapa and Fansipan (now Sa Pa) in Lao Cai Province and Tam Dao National Park in Vinh Phuc Province, northern Vietnam. Currently, the distribution of this species ranges from northern and central Vietnam; southern China; and northwest Laos  and Fejervaryalimnocharis (Gravenhorst) which were used as the outgroup  and Maximum Likelihood (ML). JMODELTEST v.2.1.7  was used65BF7EC1-909C-58BE-AE2D-9A7B3157EDF3Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: AUP-00392; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Quasipaaverrucospinosa; class: Amphibia; order: Anura; family: Dicroglossidae; genus: Quasipaa; specificEpithet: verrucospinosa; Location: country: Thailand; countryCode: TL; stateProvince: Nan; locality: Doi Phu Kha; verbatimElevation: 900–1000; verbatimLatitude: 21°19.66'N; verbatimLongitude: 103°36.26'E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; Event: eventRemarks: collected by C. Suwannapoom, P. Pawangkhanant; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimeType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: AUP-00393; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Quasipaaverrucospinosa; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimen; dynamicProperties: collection date, collector and location as the AUP-00392Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: AUP-00530; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Quasipaaverrucospinosa; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimen; dynamicProperties: collection date, collector and location as the AUP-00392Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: AUP-00531; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Quasipaaverrucospinosa; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimen; dynamicProperties: collection date, collector and location as the AUP-00392Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: AUP-00532; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Quasipaaverrucospinosa; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimen; dynamicProperties: collection date, collector and location as the AUP-00392Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: AUP-00533; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Quasipaaverrucospinosa; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimen; dynamicProperties: collection date, collector and location as the AUP-00392Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: AUP-00534; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Quasipaaverrucospinosa; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimen; dynamicProperties: collection date, collector and location as the AUP-00392Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: AUP-01609; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Quasipaaverrucospinosa; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimen; dynamicProperties: collection date, collector and location as the AUP-00392Morphological characteristics of the specimens (n = 10) obtained from Nan Province agreed with the descriptions of Skin. Dorsal surface with very rough back covered by short, thick, ridges and round tubercles. Sides covered by oval tubercles with dark spines; ventral surface smooth. During the breeding season (May to October), males have black spikes on finger I, chin, chest and underarms. Colouration of dorsum is grey-brown with dark brown spots; ventral surface cream-coloured, except for the chin with dark markings; iris dark green Figs , 3.This species is known to be from northern and central Vietnam, southern China and northwest Laos . This isLimnonectestaylori Matsui, Panha, Khonsue & Kuraishi and L.bannaensis Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang. Advertisement calls of the males can be heard within or beside rocky streams from May to October  to 7.1% (with Q.shini) , was 0.2%. Furthermore, both ML and BI analyses placed the Nan population in one clade along with topotypic Q.verrucospinosa in conjunction with strong node support  of 16S rRNA data for Quasipaa are distinguished from each other mainly by the pattern and number of genital spikes in the areas of the first finger, chest, chin and underarms of males during their breeding season. Therefore, it can be considerably difficult for herpetologists to identify this species. Consequently, the taxonomic status of the species in this group is both controversial and unclear. Additionally, there has been a notable lack of interest in and integrated research  conducted on this species. However, this species has been determined to be especially widespread ; Paaboulengeri ; Paaspinosa  and Paa spp.  and Tam Dao NP. (Vinh Phuc Province). These two locations are situated on opposite sides of the Red River. Q.verrucospinosa sensu stricto. Specimens previously placed in other groups should be assigned to groups Q.cf.verrucospinosa in order to more accurately correspond with specimens in groups B, C and D .Sequences and voucher specimens of Data typeTable of sequences and voucher specimens of Quasipaa and outgroup taxa used in molecular analysesFile: oo_592305.docxhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/592305Suwannapoom et al.FECF5CBD-031A-5187-912F-4A426C20EA2210.3897/BDJ.9.e70473.suppl2Supplementary material 2Quasipaa.The pairwise uncorrected p-distance (%) of 16S rRNA gene between species of Data typep-distanceFile: oo_554712.docxhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/554712Suwannapoom et al.4B07CD53-2032-5B61-904D-4E72DA05A73C10.3897/BDJ.9.e70473.suppl3Supplementary material 3Quasipaaverrucospinosa in Thailand. .Measurement (in mm) and proportions of the series of Data typeMeasurement of Quasipaa verrucospinosa in ThailandFile: oo_554755.docxhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/554755Suwannapoom et al.


Facilitators include: tension for change for low-cost, accessible IDs; relative advantage over existing tools; development of partnerships; and identification of implementation champions. Barriers include: need for educational strategies to encourage clinical provider acceptability; lack of evidence of the optimal beneficiary. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Tools for therapeutic OF self-management could be integrated into comprehensive OF programming. Employing the CFIR as an overarching typology allows for comparison across contexts and settings where OF care occurs and may be useful for clinicians, researchers, and policy-makers interested in implementing IDs for OF self-management in LMICs. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: I am working with colleagues at the non-profit Restore Health on developing an insertable cup for therapeutic self-management of obstetric fistula in LMICsOBJECTIVES/GOALS: Insertable devices (IDs) for obstetric fistula (OF) management are feasible, acceptable, but not accessible; implementation determinants in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand pre-adoption facilitators and barriers among global stakeholders for a therapeutic ID for OF in LMICs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Stakeholders, including researchers (n = 11), clinicians (n = 4), government officials (n = 2), and administrators (n = 4), were purposefully identified from various sectors involved in understanding and addressing the needs of women with OF: clinical care, academia, international health, civil society, and government. Twenty-one individuals were interviewed about their perceptions of IDs for OF self-management and their implementation. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided data collection and analysis. Thematic analyses were carried out within Nvivo v.12. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Determinants of implementation of an ID for OF self-management (by CFIR domain) include: (1) intervention characteristics—


Anoplura), some of their common, Eurasian or even cosmopolitan species still lack complete taxonomic descriptions, especially those for their nymphal stages. This applies especially to the most common rodent parasites: the lice of the genus Hoplopleura. In Europe, only two of the five most common Hoplopleura species have full taxonomic characteristics with a description of the nymphal stages. This study enriches the current state of knowledge for another species, Hoplopleuralongula and presents the first description of its nymphal stages.Despite the widespread belief that an extensive body of knowledge exists for the sucking lice  of H.acanthopus, H.affinis, H.captiosa, H.edentula and H.longula) have been given full taxonomic descriptions, including immature stages. This paper presents a description of the nymphal stages of H.longula (described for the first time).Only two of the five species found in Eurasia ( Psocodea: Anoplura) are obligatory, permanent ectoparasites of mammals. Lice complete their entire lifecycle on their host and it includes: egg, three nymphal stages  and an adult stage (imago). Some past research on this group has focused on their relationship with humans (e.g. Sucking lice (ans e.g.  or livesans e.g.  and theians e.g. . In compAnoplura are associated with rodents (Rodentia), the most abundant group of mammals in terms of species (Hoplopleuridae (Psocodea: Anoplura) is the most speciose group parasitising the Rodentia. Amongst the family, most representatives are in the genus Hoplopleura, which contains 154 species distributed around the world. The following five are most widespread in Europe - four of them being common in Eurasia: H.acanthopus , H.affinis , H.edentula and H.longula Neumann, 1909 and one is probably cosmopolitan: H.captiosa Johnson, 1960 , obtained from the Scientific Collection of the Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences in Bialowieza . These were isolated from four  Eurasian harvest mice  Pallas, 771, obtaza Table .Lice were collected from dead rodent specimens by combing the fur with tweezers and the specimens were fixed and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. The specimens, intended for analysis of morphological traits, were immersed in polyvinyl-lactophenol to develop total preparations for light microscope examination .Topographic preferences were observed. The entire body surface area of the test hosts was analysed and all locations were marked; this allowed for a complete (intensive) analysis of the topography.The names and abbreviations of individual setae or body parts are provided following Abbreviations of head and thorax:ADHS accessory dorsal head setae;AHS apical head setae;AS antennal setae;CS clypeal setae;DAHS dorsal anterior head setae;DMsS dorsal mesothoracic setae;DMtS dorsal metathoracic setae;DPTS dorsal principal thoracic setae;DPtS dorsal prothoracic setae;ISHS inner sutural head setae;MHS marginal head setae;AMHS anterior marginal head setae;MMHS middle marginal head setae;PMHS posterior marginal head setae;OS oral setae;OSHS outer sutural head setae;PAS preantennal setae;PCHS posterior central head setae;PDHS posterior dorsal head setae;VMHS ventral marginal head setae;VPHS ventral principal head setae.Abbreviations of abdomen:AnS anal setae;MAS major abdominal setae.Neumann, 1909D8E3045B-4432-5473-9A0D-8B006A12B951Type host: Micromysminutus Other hosts: Micromysglareolus Schreber, 1780 in MicrotusarvalisSorexaraneus Linnaeus, 1758 in Wegner (1966b) Pallas, 1778 and Type status:Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 1 nymph first instar; Taxon: scientificName: Hoplopleuralongula Neumann, 1909; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Psocodea; family: Hoplopleuridae; genus: Hoplopleura; Location: continent: Europe; country: Poland; locality: area of the Bialowieza National Park; verbatimCoordinates: 52°45'23.3"N 23°52'23.6"E; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Kozina P.; Event: samplingProtocol: Micromysminutushost ; eventDate: 20-09-1949; Record Level: institutionCode: UGDIZPMMmHHl1N1Type status:Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 1 nymph first instar and 1 nymph second instar; Taxon: scientificName: Hoplopleuralongula Neumann, 1909; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Psocodea; family: Hoplopleuridae; genus: Hoplopleura; Location: continent: Europe; country: Poland; locality: area of the Bialowieza National Park; verbatimCoordinates: 52°45'23.3"N 23°52'23.6"E; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Kozina P.; Event: samplingProtocol: Micromysminutushost ; eventDate: 08-12-1949; Record Level: institutionCode: UGDIZPMMmHHl2N1, UGDIZPMMmHHl1N2Type status:Other material. Occurrence: lifeStage: 2 nymph third instar; Taxon: scientificName: Hoplopleuralongula Neumann, 1909; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Psocodea; family: Hoplopleuridae; genus: Hoplopleura; Location: continent: Europe; country: Poland; locality: area of the Bialowieza National Park; verbatimCoordinates: 52°45'23.3"N 23°52'23.6"E; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Kozina P.; Event: samplingProtocol: Micromysminutushost ; eventDate: 07-10-1949; Record Level: institutionCode: UGDIZPMMmHHl1N3, UGDIZPMMmHHl2N3Nymph I . MAS four in number; AnS present, two in number.h I Figs , 3 . Legh I Figs . Head. ANymph II . Ventral side: large, concave scales around the mouth; head margins covered imbricately with scales (U-shaped); VMHS, OS and AHS present; VPHS constituting 50% of the head length. Dorsal side: AHS, DAHS and PAS present; ISHS and OSHS closely arranged; PCHS visible; ADHS and PDHS (reaching second segment of the abdomen) present; MHS minute. Thorax. Dorsal side: DPTS reaching beginning of the abdomen; pronounced border between the thorax, head and abdomen. Abdomen. Disproportionately large relative to the rest of the body, barrel-shaped, densely covered with U-shaped scales; traces of segmentation visible; MAS eight in number. After x-ray, structure of nymph III visible. II Figs , 5 . Bod II Figs . Head. WNymph III .III Figs , 7 . BodIII Figs . Head. WThe lice demonstrated topographic preferences - a tendency for congregating along the sides of the host’s body and on both sides of the head (between the ears and on the neck) Fig. Table 1)1).H.longula was found amongst the lice. Despite the fact that there are also other species parasitising M.minutus, for example, of the genus Polyplax given in literature (In the present study, only terature , they weM.minutus is considered to be the main host of H.longula; it has not been recorded in any other hosts to date (The harvest mouse  to date .H.longula are easily identifiable. Nymph I possessed four major abdominal setae and an elongated, ovoid abdomen. Nymph II possessed eight MAS and a barrel-shaped abdomen. Like nymph II, nymph III possessed eight MAS; however, its abdomen is elongated and ovoid. In addition, like nymph I, the body of the adult individual can be seen inside the nymph.Individual nymphs of H.longula-M.minutus relationship. Despite this, similarities can be found with the distribution of H.acanthopus on Microtusarvalis (H.longula appeared to have a wider distribution on the sides and the dorsum on its rodent hosts. Similarly to H.affinis in Apodemusagrarius (H.longula was also found on the dorsal portion of the head and on the nape of the animal. In both of the previous studies, Dubinin did not observe lice on the ventral portion of the head; this was also confirmed in the present study.Regarding the location of the lice on the host, no comparative data are available in previous studies regarding the arvalis : in bothagrarius , H.longH.longula is a rare species associated with only one, also rare host, M.minutus. This is the first description of all three nymphal stages of H.longula. This characteristic will support other researchers working on lice to make positive identifications which will benefit future research examining host-parasite associations.Current research indicates that


The prognosis of breast cancer has radically changed in recent years and continues to improve due to the broad application of effective therapies. New targeting strategies including targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs via receptor-targeting agents have been developed. We summarize recent publications and developments of novel antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) used to control breast cancer. Cancer is the second main cause of mortality worldwide . Breast ADCs are a new class of protein-based therapeutic agents which bring together the targeting capabilities, high selectivity, and stability of mAbs with the cancer-killing potential of highly potent payloads to increase precise drug delivery in cancer cells, while sparing healthy tissues and/or cells from chemotherapeutic damage. This ability of discrimination between normal and cancerous cells would not have been achieved without decades of development of mAbs , 14–18.In order to achieve the desired results, each ADC must contain three parts  19]::19]:Monoclonal antibody: it binds the ADC to a specific tumor cell surface protein . The antLinker: it is a chemical spacer between the cytotoxic drug and the monoclonal body. It is usually stable in the circulation, but most of the linkers are easily displaced inside the cells. However, if the linker stays stable inside the cell, it requires degradation to release the drug. The linker must allow the release of the drug in its active form within or close enough to the target cells, because early release of drugs in the circulation can result in systemic toxicity and a lower therapeutic index , 25. TheCytotoxic drug: cytotoxic compounds are divided into two main categories: microtubule inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents. There are also other small molecules under investigation , 28. AllThere are three generations of ADCs: first, second, and third. The monoclonal anti-HER2 binds to the HER2 expressed on the cells of the tumor and gets internalized by endocytosis. The proteases in the lysosomes cleavage the linker, releasing the payload and starting the cytotoxic effects.This effect happens when the ADC is designed that the antibody releases the payload before internalization so that the surrounding cells get affected by its cytotoxic effects even if they do not express the receptor.Monoclonal antibody: a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2  targeting monoclonal antibody.Payload: an undisclosed cytotoxic agent with potential antineoplastic activity.Development status: first in human phase I/II.Monoclonal antibody: an engineered version of the humanized monoclonal antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) trastuzumab.Linker: cathepsin B-cleavable valine-alanine linker.Payload: DNA cross-linking pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer-based drug tesirine.Development status : phase IMonoclonal antibody: trastuzumab biobetter HM2.Payload: monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE).Development status : phase IMonoclonal antibody: a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) site-specifically targeting monoclonal antibody.Linker: cleavable valine-citrulline- linker.Payload: an analog of dolastatin 10, auristatin-0101.Monoclonal antibody: a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2  site-specifically targeting monoclonal antibody.Linker: para-acetyl-phenylalanine .Development status : preclinMonoclonal antibody: a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2  targeting monoclonal antibody.Payload: undisclosed maytansine derivative.Development status : BAT8001Monoclonal antibody: a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 .Payload: a DNA minor groove cross-linking agent pyrrolobenzodiazepine monoamide (PBD-MA).Development status : first-iMonoclonal antibody: a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 .Linker: a cleavable maleimidocaproyl-valyl-citrullinyl-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl  type linker.Payload: monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE).Development status: phase I and phase II .Monoclonal antibody: a monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) site-specifically.Payload: monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF).Development status: LegoChemistry™ and ADC platform technology ConjuAll™.Monoclonal antibody: hertuzumab.Payload: monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE).Development status: phase I and phase II.Monoclonal antibody: a bispecific antibody against the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2  comprised of the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, fused to the heavy chains of the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody 39S.Payload: tubulysinDevelopment status : phase IMonoclonal antibody: trastuzumab.Linker : it has Payload: PM050489.Development status : preclinMonoclonal antibody: a monoclonal antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).Payload: the antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin encapsulated within liposomes.Development status : phase IMonoclonal antibody: a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 .Linker: a tetrapeptide linker, Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly (GFLG).Payload: deruxtecan, a derivative of the camptothecin analog exatecan ; a DNA topoisomerase 1  inhibitor, with antineoplastic activity.Development status : FDA appMonoclonal antibody: trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).Linker : a cleavPayload: the duocarmycin prodrug.Development status : phase IMonoclonal antibody: trastuzumab.Linker : noncleaPayload: the microtubule-inhibitory agent DM1.Development status : approveMonoclonal antibody: HT-19, a monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2  that binds to domain IV of HER2 to an epitope that is distinct from the trastuzumab-binding sitePayload: proprietary auristatin-derived payload molecules.Development status : in JanuMonoclonal antibody: sactizumab, an anti-Trop-2 humanized antibody.Payload: the topoisomerase-I inhibitor SN-38.Development status : phase IMonoclonal antibody: the zinc transporter LIV-1 targeting humanized antibody.Payload: monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE).Development status: phase I.Monoclonal antibody: anti-EGFR antibody.Payload: DM1 (derivative of maytansine).Development status: phase I.Monoclonal antibody: an anti-HER3 antibody.Payload: a topoisomerase I inhibitor exatecan derivative (DXd).Development Status: phase I/II.Monoclonal antibody: receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) targeting antibody.Payload: an undisclosed payload.Development status: phase I/II.Monoclonal antibody: a humanized DS6 antibody directed against tumor-associated sialoglycotope CA6.Payload: the maytansinoid DM4.Development status: phase I.Breast cancer has become the most common cancer in the world; a lot of treatment methods and technologies were used in order to control it, but all of them did not achieve the required goal, until the invention of the antibody-drug conjugates. The concept of targeted delivery of anticancer drugs helped the oncologists to improve the tumor selectivity of anticancer drugs and to lower their systemic toxicity. Meaning that these drugs could be administered at higher doses, providing better therapeutic benefit to their patients. The tumor selectivity of antibodies offered a chance to achieve this goal by using them as guide for the drug towards the tumor. This seemingly simple concept had great attention from researchers at academic institutions and in the pharmaceutical industry. The current breed of ADCs uses antibodies that are humanized, not immunogenic, and linkers that are designed to be stable in circulation, but are cleaved upon delivery into a cell. The recent FDA approvals of new ADCs have generated tremendous excitement. There are a lot of ADCs currently in clinical evaluation and almost every major pharmaceutical company has embraced this technology. There is active research by medicinal chemists to develop new linkers and discover new potent effector molecules suitable for use in ADCs, while biologists have focused on identifying cell-surface targets suitable for antibody development.


We regret the unprofessional behavior of the authors involved.li06yh@126.com>Correspondence: Yinghao Li: <


Moderate or severe burns are potentially devastating injuries that can even cause death, and many of them occur every year. Infection prevention, anti-inflammation, pain management and administration of growth factors play key roles in the treatment of burn wounds. Novel therapeutic strategies under development, such as nanotherapeutics, are promising prospects for burn wound treatment. Nanotherapeutics, including metallic and polymeric nanoformulations, have been extensively developed to manage various types of burns. Both human and animal studies have demonstrated that nanotherapeutics are biocompatible and effective in this application. Herein, we provide comprehensive knowledge of and an update on the progress of various nanoformulations for the treatment of burn wounds. HighlightsThe recent progress of various nanotherapeutics for the management of burn wounds and their therapeutic mechanisms are systematically reviewed.Assessment of burn wounds treated with nanotherapeutics is briefly summarized.Skin is the most active immune system organ and the largest organ of the body, as well as the main barrier between the environment and the internal organs . Acute sToday, we have a deep understanding of the pathogenesis of burn wounds. The main factors determining burn wound progression include bacterial infection, excessive inflammatory reaction and low expression levels of various growth factors (GFs). Of these, bacterial infection is the most serious complicating factor . In acco to treat burn wounds . I. IOther feration . By conteceptors . The res lesions . Importae models ,119.in vitro and in vivo models have been extensively employed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies of nanotherapeutics. Anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation experiments have been mainly used to assess in vitro therapeutic efficacies of nanotherapeutics. However, many studies have focused on the animal models to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacies of nanotherapeutics. Animals such as mice [et al. have synthetically reviewed the establishment of various types of burn wounds  in animals [Both  as mice , rats [1 as mice , rabbits as mice ,112, dog as mice , and pig as mice  bearing  animals . The cli animals . AntibacA wide range of NPs have been explored for management of burn wounds. Using nanotherapeutics to treat these wounds has some advantages, such as increasing antibacterial effect, overcoming bacterial drug resistance, facilitating cell proliferation and decreasing drug administration frequency. The therapeutic efficacy of nanotherapeutics has been evaluated in various animal models on different types and degrees of burns. Some nanotherapeutics exhibit satisfactory therapeutic effects in patients with burn injuries, making them promising candidates for further studies of their role in the management of these wounds. Although gratifying therapeutic effects have been achieved, the toxicity of nanotherapeutics due to their particular physicochemical properties cannot be ignored. How to prepare multifunctional nanotherapeutics with good biocompatibility and efficacy for the treatment of burns needs further investigation. In particular, the systemic toxicity of nanotherapeutics should be investigated in various animal models before proceeding to patient applications. How to prepare nanotherapeutics for clinical practice on a large scale must also be considered. Although some problems must be overcome before this can happen, we believe that more burn patients can profit from nanotherapeutics in the future.sn-glycero-phosphatidylcholine; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; DOTAP: 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylamonium propane chloride; EC: Endothelial cell; ECM: Extracellular matrix; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; EGF CDLs: EGF cationic deformable liposomes; FBS: Fetal bovine serun; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; FN: Fibronectin; GFs: Growth factors; GM-CSF: Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; HA: Hyaluronic acid; HaCaT: Human immortal keratinocyte cell line; HB-EGF: Heparin binding epidermal growth factor; hFBs: Normal human fibroblast; HM-PA: Heparin-mimetic peptide; HUVECs: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; IGF-BP: Insulin like growth factor binding protein; IL: Interleukin; KGF: Keratinocyte formation growth factor; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; MRSA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; NGF: Nerve growth factor; NPs: Nanoparticles; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; PC: Phosphatidyl choline; PCL: Poly(caprolactone); PDA: Polydopamine; PEG: Polyethylene glycol; PEO: Polyethylene oxide; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; PSIS: Porcine-derived small intestinal submucosa; PLA: Poly(lactic acid); PLGA: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PVA: Poly; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SG: Silver nanoparticle gel; SF: Nanosilver foam; siRNA: Short interfering ribonucleic acid; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta; TIMP-1: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; TRA: All-trans retinoic acid; TRA DLs: All-trans retinoic acid loaded deformable liposomes; TSP: Thrombin-sensitive protein; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor.AgSD: Silver sulfadiazine; α-SMA: Alpha-smooth muscle actin; BAC: Benzalkonium chloride; bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor; C: Collagen; CINC: Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant; Col1a1: Collagen type 1 alpha 1; CPC: Cetylpyridinium chloride; CXCL-1: Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 protein; CRP: C-reactive protein; CTAB: Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide; CTGF: Connective-tissue growth factor; DMPC: Dimyristoyl-This work supported by the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University .R.H. drafted the manuscript. J. H. and D. Z. designed this project and revised the manuscript. W. Q. prepared the revised manuscript. L. C. prepared some figures and tables. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.


Correction to:Mol Syst Biol (2021) 17: e10179. DOI: 10.15252/msb.202010179 | Published online 30 March 2021et al  LacI variants include the following: a study of temperature‐sensitive variants (Sadler & Novick, Besides the sentence quoted above, this mistake does not impact the findings of the study. The authors apologize for this error.


Following publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect author name is: Brandon P. Luke-WoldThe correct author name is: Brandon P. Lucke-WoldThe author group has been updated above and the original article  has been


Nature Communications8: Article number: 15732; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15732 (2017); Published: 06092017; Updated: 03122018In the original version of this Article, the affiliation details for Yan Fang were incorrectly given as “ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China”. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications8: Article number: 14969; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14969 (2017); Published: 04252017; Updated: 06202017In the original version of this Article, which was received on 04 November 2016, the received date was incorrectly given as 04 November 2017. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications6: Article number: 7143; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8143 (2015); Published: 05152015; Updated: 03262018The original HTML version of this Article had an incorrect article number of 8143; it should have been 7143. This has now been corrected in the HTML; the PDF version of the Article was correct from the time of publication.


Nature Communications8: Article number: 14715; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14715 (2017); Published: 03092017; Updated: 04242017In Fig. 2 of this Article, the inset image in the bottom panel was inadvertently omitted during the production process. The correct version of the Fig. 2 is shown below as


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3960910.1038/srep39609; published online: 12202016; updated: 01232017This Article contains a typographical error in the Affiliation of the author Tingyong Feng. The correct affiliation is listed below:School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 991810.1038/srep09918; published online: 04212015; updated: 03192018Correction to: The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the volume number ‘5’ was incorrectly given as ‘4’. This error has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2552310.1038/srep25523; published online: 05102016; updated: 05172018The original version of this Article contained an error in the indexing of the author Anang A. Shelat. This error has now been corrected.


Nature Communications8: Article number: 13708 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13708 (2016); Published: December162016; Updated: march042017The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The acknowledgements should have included the following:The European Community FP7 grant no. 602239 (ATECT).


Nature Communications7: Article number: 13903; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13903 (2016); Published 12132016; Updated 01202017The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Stephen F. Price, which was incorrectly given as Stephen A. Price. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3316810.1038/srep33168; published online: 09092016; updated: 01232017The original version of this Article contained an error in the order of author names, which were incorrectly given as ‘Naeime Karamipour, Mohammad Mehrabadi & Yaghoub Fathipour’.These errors have now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article.


Nature Communications8: Article number: 13804; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13804 (2017); Published: 01052017; Updated: 05032017In Fig. 7b of this Article, traces depicting the average MUA response evoked by the target (red) and distractor (blue) were inadvertently omitted during the production process. The correct version of Fig. 7 appears below as


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 35429; 10.1038/srep35429 published online: 10202016 updated: 01112017.The Supplementary Information file originally published with this Article contained incorrect Figures for the ‘NMR spectra of all new compounds’. This error has now been corrected in the Supplementary Information file that accompanies the Article.


Nature Communications8: Article number:15137 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15317 (2017); Published: 06052017; Updated 06302017In the original HTML version of this Article, which was published on 5 June 2017, the publication date was incorrectly given as 5 July 2017. This has now been corrected in the HTML; the PDF version of the paper was correct from the time of publication.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2842210.1038/srep28422; published online: 06222016; updated: 01122017A supplementary dataset containing 3411 genes and their expression profiles from 303 microarrays available in the public domain, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was omitted from the original version of this Article. This has been corrected in the HTML version of the Article; the PDF version was correct at time of publication.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 37810; 10.1038/srep37810 published online: 11252016; updated: 04062018.The original version of this Article contained an error in the indexing of the author Shaymaa Mohamed Mohamed Badawy. This error has now been corrected.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 37908; 10.1038/srep37908 published online: 11292016; updated: 02102017.The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Pankaj Ror which was incorrectly given as Pankaj Kumar. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications7: Article number: 13611; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13611 (2016); Published 12052016; Updated 12172017The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author S.A. Cannas, which was incorrectly given as S. Cannas. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 44794; 10.1038/srep44794 published online: 03202017; updated: 12222017.The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Jack van Horssen, which was incorrectly given as Jack Van Horsen. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, and in the accompanying Supplementary Dataset File.


Nature Communications7: Article number: 12951; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12951 (2016); Published 11252015; Updated 12172017The authors inadvertently omitted Richard Bianco, who provided consultation for the experimental surgical services, from the author list. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3616810.1038/srep36168; published online: 11032016; updated: 11302016The original version of this Article contained errors in the name of the author Deepika, which was incorrectly given as Deepika Goyal.These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 45919; 10.1038/srep45919 published online: 04042017; updated: 05162017.The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Cagla Ozgit-Akgun, which was incorrectly given as Çagla Ozgit-Akgun. This error has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3713710.1038/srep37137; published online: 11162016; updated: 03132017This Article contains errors in Figure 6c. The Pearson correlation values for the automated and manually prepared samples were inadvertently switched. The correct Figure 6c appears below as


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3578810.1038/srep35788; published online: 10202016; updated: 02242017The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Wenguang Xu, which was incorrectly given as Wengguang Xu. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications8: Article number: 14944; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14944 (2017); Published: 04212017; Updated: 06062017The HTML version of this Article previously published had an incorrect publication date of 20 April 2017; it should have been 21 April 2017. This has now been corrected in the HTML; the PDF version of the paper was correct from the time of publication.


After the publication of this article  it was nAquatic Biosystems 2012, 12:33, which should be: Hayman et al. BMC Geriatrics, 2012, 12:33.An incorrect heading at the top of each page: Hayman et al. 2.The citation at the end of the article which was:This affected:Hayman et al.: Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand -Te Puāwaitanga o Nga Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu, LiLACS NZ: Study protocol. Aquatic Biosystems 2012 12:33.This was incorrect and should be:Hayman et al.: Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand -Te Puāwaitanga o Nga Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu, LiLACS NZ: Study protocol. BMC Geriatrics 2012 12:33.


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 44894; 10.1038/srep44894 published online: 03202017; updated: 08292017.This article was published twice in error during a change in production systems. The publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for the error. When citing this work, please refer to the original version.1


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 25462; 10.1038/srep25462 published online: 05052016; updated: 10102016.In this Article, the values given in the column labeled ‘compound’ of Table 1 are incorrect. The correct


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4300010.1038/srep43000; published online: 02232017; updated: 05122017This Article contains an error in Figure 8: the oxygen percentage for the black columns is incorrectly labeled as 21% instead of the correct value of 5%. The correct Figure 8 appears below as


Nature Communications8: Article number: 15845 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15845 (2017); Published: 06202017; Updated: 07112017An incorrect version of the Supplementary Information was inadvertently published with this Article which included incorrect figure references in Supplementary Table 4. The Article has now been updated to include the correct version of the Supplementary Information.


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 40259; 10.1038/srep40259 published online: 01112017; updated: 08242017.In the Supplementary Information file originally published with this Article, References 1–5 were omitted. This error has been corrected in the Supplementary Information that now accompanies the Article.


Nature Communications7: Article number:13707 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13707 (2016); Published: 12192016; Updated: 06302017The original version of this Article contained an error in the gene ID for TimRhom I, cited in the Methods, which specified an unrelated gene. The correct gene ID for TimRhom I is Tb927.9.8260. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nature Communications7 Article number: 10144 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10144 (2016) Published: 01112016; Updated: 08042017The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Giorgos Gouridis which was incorrectly given as Giorgos Guoridis. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1026310.1038/srep10263; published online: 06232016; updated: 09072016In the Supplementary Information file originally published with this Article, Figures S1 and S2 were omitted. These errors have been corrected in the Supplementary Information that now accompanies the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3580510.1038/srep35805; published online: 10262016; updated: 03132017A glitch in the authors’ reference-management software led to extensive errors in the reference list and in-text citations. These errors have been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4100910.1038/srep41009; published online: 01202017; updated: 04062017In the original version of this Article, the link to the Supplementary Information file was omitted. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the paper.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 39511; 10.1038/srep39511 published online: 12222016; updated: 10202017.A Supplementary Information data file and Supplementary Mathematica notebook file were omitted from the original version of this Article. This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML version of the Article.


Nature Communications7: Article number: 10427 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10427 (2016); Published: 01292016; Updated: 03092016The original version of this article contained an error in the spelling of the author C. Martijn de Sterke, which was incorrectly given as de Sterke C. Martijn. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article.


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 44888; 10.1038/srep44888 published online: 03202017; updated: 08292017.This article was published twice in error during a change in production systems. The publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for the error. When citing this work, please refer to the original version.1


Nature Communications8: Article number: 14112; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14112 (2017); Published: 07152015; Updated: 02162017The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the Author Preetam Janakirama, which was incorrectly given as Preetam Jankirama. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are: Conceptualization: MG EB. Data curation: MG ET EB. Formal analysis: MG ET EB. Methodology: MG EB. Supervision: MG CM EB. Writing-original draft: MG CM ET EB.There are errors in the Funding section. The correct funding information is as follows: This study was conducted when Massimo Grassi was supported by the grant CPDA123458 ("Progetto di ricerca di Ateneo"), and Chiara Meneghetti by the grant CPDA140302 ("Progetto di ricerca di Ateneo") awarded by the University of Padova. The Department of General Psychology financially supported Erika Borella for this study.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1651110.1038/srep16511; published online: 11102015; updated: 01082018The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Maisoon Al-Jawad, which was incorrectly given as Maisoon AI-Jawad. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3817110.1038/srep38171; published online: 11022016; updated: 03162017The original version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of the authors Chung-Yuh Tzeng and Hsueh-Yao Chu, which were incorrectly given as Chung-Yuh Tseng and Shueh-Yao Chu respectively. These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Nucleic Acids Res (2017). doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx695The name of Hediye Erdjument-Bromage was misspelled in the original version of this paper. This has now been corrected online and in print.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3811310.1038/srep38113; published online: 11292016; updated: 05262017The original version of this Article incorrectly included Haibing Chen as a corresponding author. This error has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of this Article.


Nature Communications8: Article number:15745 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15745 (2017) Published: 06072017; Updated: 06302017The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following:The publication charges for this article have been funded by a grant from the publication fund of UiT The Arctic University of Norway.


There are errors in Table 4. The correct version of Table 4 can be seen here:Part 1: Part 2: In the supplemental PDF download of this article, the Table 4 is correct, but missing the footnotes. The missing footnote information is: RSA values for proteins marked with * were determined from homology models (SWISS MODEL repository) and the PDB code given is that of the template (T) used for the model. Buried residues (RSA < 20 %) are in bold. Secondary structure information for residue determined by DSSP: Alpha helix (H), extended strand participating in beta ladder (E), 310-helix (G), hydrogen bonded turn (T), bend (S), loop/irregular (-).


Scientific name: Pimoa delphinicaSpecies authority: Mammola, Hormiga & Isaia, 2016Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: ArachnidaOrder: AraneaeFamily: PimoidaeTaxonomic notes: Pimoa delphinica is a medium-sized spider , with slender legs and a brown-reddish coloration . The species—previously misidentified with P. rupicola —was described in 2016. It is readily distinguishable from the other species of European pimoids by morphological characters in male and female genitalia .Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (image): Fig. 2Map of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 1Basis of EOO and AOO: Known habitat extentBasis (narrative): During relatively intense speleological research studies in the Western Alps, we collected Pimoa delphinica in a few caves and military bunkers in the municipalities of Casteldelfino, Sampeyre and Sant'Anna di Bellino . Specifically, the species occurred in four small wild caves and a few subterranean military bunkers in Casteldelfino and Sant'Anna di Bellino and an abandoned house in the hamlet of Becetto (Sampeyre). Two additional localities reported in Isaia et al. (2011) and Mammola et al. (2016b)—Buco del Nebin 1 [Speleological Cadastre: Pi 1158] and Buco del Nebin 2 [Pi 1159] caves—are in need of verification, since only juvenile specimens were collected. However, even if confirmed, these additional localitites would fall within the known extent of occurrence of the species . Despite our extensive study of Pimoa specimens from Italy and France—including material stored in Museums or private collections and original records—we have not been able to find additional records of Pimoa delphinica outside this small area .We used the verified occurrence records of the species to calculate the extent of occurrence (EOO) as the minimum convex hull and the area of occupancy (AOO) through a 2x2 km2 grid, as implemented in the red R package (Cardoso 2016).Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1230Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2242Range description: Pimoa delphinica is a stenoendemic species with a restricted Western Alpine distribution. The species is recorded in seven nearby localities, in the high Varaita valley. Its distribution range represents a small enclave (ca. 20 km2) within the range of distribution of the sister species P. graphitica Mammola, Hormiga & Isaia, 2016.Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Stefano Mammola, Alessandro Girodo; individualCount: 2; sex: female; lifeStage: adult, juvenile; Taxon: scientificName: Pimoadelphinica; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Pimoidae; genus: Pimoa; specificEpithet: delphinica; scientificNameAuthorship: Mammola, Hormiga, Isaia, 2016; Location: country: Italy; stateProvince: Piedmont; county: CN; municipality: Casteldelfino; locality: Military bunker 1 near the road to Casteldelfino; verbatimElevation: 1280 m; minimumElevationInMeters: 1280; maximumElevationInMeters: 1280; locationRemarks: Abandoned military bunker (II World War); verbatimCoordinates: 44°35'07.21"N, 7°04'40.02"E; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Stefano Mammola, Marco Isaia; dateIdentified: 2016; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected; eventDate: 12 Dec 2016; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Stefano Mammola, Alessandro Girodo; individualCount: 3; sex: female; lifeStage: adult, juvenile; Taxon: scientificName: Pimoadelphinica; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Pimoidae; genus: Pimoa; specificEpithet: delphinica; scientificNameAuthorship: Mammola, Hormiga, Isaia, 2016; Location: country: Italy; stateProvince: Piedmont; county: CN; municipality: Casteldelfino; locality: Military bunker 2 near the road to Casteldelfino; verbatimElevation: 1288 m; minimumElevationInMeters: 1288; maximumElevationInMeters: 1288; locationRemarks: Abandoned military bunker (II World War); verbatimCoordinates: 44°35'07.70"N, 7°04'40.15"E; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Stefano Mammola, Marco Isaia; dateIdentified: 2016; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected; eventDate: 12 Dec 2016; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Alessandro Girodo, Paolo Bertacco; individualCount: 2; sex: females; lifeStage: adults; Taxon: scientificName: Pimoadelphinica; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Pimoidae; genus: Pimoa; specificEpithet: delphinica; scientificNameAuthorship: Mammola, Hormiga, Isaia, 2016; Location: country: Italy; stateProvince: Piedmont; county: CN; municipality: Casteldelfino; locality: Miniera di Casteldelfino, galleria Auriol (Borgata Ciampanesio); verbatimElevation: ca. 970 m; locationRemarks: Mineshaft; verbatimCoordinates: 44°35'10.3"N, 7°07'06.6"E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; decimalLatitude: 44.5862; decimalLongitude: 7.1185; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Stefano Mammola, Marco Isaia; dateIdentified: 2016; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected; eventDate: 16 Dec 2016; habitat: Subterranean; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenEOO (km2): 26Trend: UnknownJustification for trend: The species is troglophile (sensu Sket 2008), showing a preference for dark and moisty habitats. Yet, the species exhibits a moderate plasticity in its ecological requirements, being able to colonize both cave and extra-cave environments, such as forests in high altitude habitats. The distribution range of Pimoa delphinica is enclosed within the range of the more widespread P. graphitica, which is apparently competing with the former thus limiting its expansion . The subterranean habitats colonized by P. delphinica are as yet not threatened by direct human activities. However, biogeographic studies and genetic data suggested that past climate change determined strong contraction in the distribution ranges of the species of alpine Pimoa . It is thus plausible that anthropogenic climate change may determine reduction or habitat shift for this species. In order to confirm this hypothesis statistically, a deeper study of the detailed occurrence of this species in its distribution range is required.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: See paragraph "Extent of Occurrence".Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 12Number of locations: Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: Unknown.Trend: UnknownJustification for trend: No information about population size are currently available.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): A census of the population has never been attempted. According to our observations, populations are locally abundant. In two caves in which Pimoa delphinica was found in syntopy with the congeneric P. graphitica, mixed nuclear alleles between the two species have been found, indicating the existence of unidirectional introgression of males of P. graphitica into females of P. delphinica .Number of subpopulations: 2Trend: StableJustification for trend: Examining the known range of distribution and taking into account habitat connectivity, it is possible to identify two subpopulations within the range. The first subpopulation includes the localitites from Casteldelfino and the Bellino valley, which are more connected through alpine scree and larch woods, acting as potential route of dispersal. The other subpopulation is found on the other slope of the Varaita valley, in the nearby of the hamlet of Becetto . The subpopulation are as yet not threatened.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoJustification for fragmentation: System: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): The species primarily lives in the twilight zone of wild caves and other similar sheltered habitats, in high alpine environments . Healthy populations were also observed in artificial subterranean habitat (military bunkers and mines), offering suitable cool climatic conditions . Further individuals of P. delphinica were collected in pitfall traps placed within the rocky debris on the floor of the cellar of an abandoned cottage . During summertime, we observed juveniles—tentatively classified as P. delphinica—in an epigean environment, near the locus typicus , in a larch (Larix decidua) wood. Accordingly, it is possible that juveniles of P. delphinica may be able to disperse trough epigean habitats under suitable climatic condition. Extra-cave dispersal was also documented for the congeneric alpine species P. graphitica and P. rupicola, as justified by occasional catches of juveniles and males in pitfall traps placed in the leaf litter of broad-leaved woods at mid-altitudes .Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Habitat importance: MarginalHabitats: 1. ForestSize: Total length (leg excluded) = Male: 7 mm, Female: 10.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Little is known about the ecology of Pimoa delphinica. We report the result of our sporadic observations, which are not supported by specific studies or statistical inference. Like other Pimoa species , P. delphinica exhibits a moderate ecological plasticity. In caves, it is found preferentially in the twilight zone. We observed adult males and females during the summertime. Adults display thanatotic behaviour when disturbed, possibly as a protection against predators . Depositions of cocoons occurs in July and cocoons are guarded by females. Females affix substrate particles to their cocoons .Justification for threats: See "Extent of occurrence".Threat type: FutureThreats: 11.1. Climate change & severe weather - Habitat shifting & alterationJustification for conservation actions: A portion of the distribution range of Pimoa delphinica falls within the border of the Natural Park "Parco del Monviso".The installation of information panels educating the visitors about this peculiar endemic species would positively increase the awareness of the caves as a natural heritage deserving protection.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 4. Education & awarenessResearch needed: 1. ResearchJustification for research needed: Supplementary material 1PimoadelphinicaExtent of Occurrence of Data type: Geographic rangeFile: oo_102120.kmlMammola S., Hormiga G., Isaia M.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3578910.1038/srep35789; published online: 10212016; updated: 12232016The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the name of the author Dan Zheng, which was incorrectly given as Zheng Dan. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


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Scientific Reports7: Article number: 3997810.1038/srep39978; published online: 01052017; updated: 03092017This Article contains an error in the order of the Figures.


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