Among gynecological cancers, cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer‐related death in developing countries. This study analyzes the incidence, mortality, and burden of cervical cancer using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study.The GBD (2019) data on cervical cancer was extracted from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) query tool. Age‐standardized rate (ASR) incidence, deaths, lost years of life (YLLs), years of life with disabilities (YLDs), and adjusted years of life with disabilities (DALYs) of cervical cancer in women were extracted. Data were extracted globally for 204 countries and groups based on a socio‐demographic index (SDI), World Health Organization (WHO) regions, continents, World Bank regions, and 22 GBD regions.The higher standardized age incidence of cervical cancer is in lower SDI countries, Africa, the African region (According to the WHO), and Sub‐Saharan Africa (According to GBD regions). The highest deaths of ASR is in countries with low SDI, low‐income group, Africa, the African region , and Sub‐Saharan Africa (According to GBD regions). According to SDI classification, the highest DALYs ASR is in low SDI countries, World Bank Low‐income countries, African and then American continents, African region, Sub‐Saharan Africa, and then Latin America & Caribbean‐WB (Based on GBD regions).In 2019, incidence, mortality, and DALYs of cervical cancer mostly affected countries with lower socioeconomic status. Given that cervical cancer is highly preventable, access to screening services and the presence of trained and knowledgeable health care staff can reduce illness, suffering, and death caused by this malignancy. It is recommended to use the national and international potentials to reduce the incidence of this malignancy. Also, early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions have prevented a significant proportion of morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer.At present, the development of effective prevention programs requires accurate statistics. Statistics, in addition to showing the current situation, make it necessary to take action to improve the situation, allocate the necessary budget and facilities, make purposeful planning, and finally select the best possible approach.2http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2019/data-input-sources).In summary, the GBD (2019) data on cervical cancer was extracted from the GHDx query tool. GBD (2019) has systematically and comprehensively estimated 286 causes of death, 369 causes of diseases and injuries, and 87 risk factors for 204 countries and regions. Geographically, the GBD divides the world into 7 main regions and 21 subregions. Detailed information on the data sources used in the present study can be found at GBD 2019 , years lived with disability (YLDs), disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), age‐standardized incidence, and mortality rates per 100 000 people in 2019 based on socio‐demographic Index (SDI) indicators. These variables also included World Bank income levels, continents, WHO regions, and GBD regions. The Socio‐demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator of a country's lag‐distributed income per capita, average years of schooling, and the fertility rate in females under the age of 25 years.In this study, a description of the mentioned indicators was done separately for each group by crude and age‐standardized rates. Age‐standardized mortality rates can be used to compare national mortality rates without being affected by differences in age distribution across countries. Without such standardization, it would be difficult to determine if the different mortality rates are due to age or other factors.33.1In 2019, a total of 565 541 new cases of cervical cancer with a confidence level (636435–481 524) were reported in women worldwide, with an incidence of ASR of 13.35 cases per 100 000 people. Statistics show that the lower the SDI index is, the higher age‐standardized incidence rates of cervical cancer will be so that the highest standardized age incidence can be found in countries with low SDI and the lowest in countries with high SDI. This rate is equal to 8.91 in high SDI countries and 23.21 in low SDI countries. According to the World Bank classification, the incidence of ASR has the lowest value (9.21) in the high‐income countries and the highest value (30.29) in the low‐income countries. Among the continents, the highest incidence of ASR is in Africa (24.02) and the lowest is in Europe (10.79). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the highest standard incidence is in the African region and the lowest is in the Eastern Mediterranean region.Also, in general and based on GBD regions, the highest incidence of ASR is in Sub‐Saharan African countries (WB) and then Latin America & Caribbean countries.The highest standardized incidence of cervical cancer has been reported to be in Kiribati (108.8), Palau (66.58), Solomon Islands (57), Guinea (53.61), Lesotho (52.77), Zimbabwe (48.95), Botswana (47.63), Eritrea (44.96), Guinea‐Bissau (44.77) and Haiti (44.12).However, the lowest standardized incidence of cervical cancer has been reported to be in Egypt (2.84), Syrian Arab Republic (3.25), Kuwait (3.62), Iran (3.99), Jordan (4.03), Iraq 4.61), Palestine (4.66), Turkey (4.67), Malta (4.94) and Saudi Arabia (4.95)  and the highest value in the low‐income group (19.59). Among the continents, the highest ASR death is in Africa (15.49) and the lowest in Europe (4.02). According to the World Health Organization, the highest standard incidence is in the African region and the lowest in the European region.In 2019, a total of 280 479 new deaths due to cervical cancer with the conference level (238864_313930) were reported among women in the world, with deaths ASR per 10Also in general and based on GBD regions, the highest death ASR is related to Sub‐Saharan Africa.The highest standardized deaths rate from cervical cancer has been reported in Kiribati (69.52), Guinea (36.16), Lesotho (35.96), Zimbabwe (31.39), Somalia (30.99), Eritrea (30.26), Palau (29.79), Solomon Islands (29.44), Central African Republic (29.31), and Guinea‐Bissau (29.28).Meanwhile, the lowest standardized death rate from cervical cancer has been reported in Kuwait (1.76), Egypt (1.77), Syrian Arab Republic (1.78), Finland (1.78), Malta (1.78), Iceland (1.9), Luxembourg (1.94), Jordan 2.04), Iran (2.06) and Australia (2.14) , from which 8 712 962 were related to YLLs cases and 242 051 to YLDs cases. Also, the worldwide DALYs ASR was reported at 210.64 and this number for YLLs ASR and YLDs ASR was 204.89 and 5.75 respectively. According to SDI classification, the highest DALYs ASR is in low SDI countries and the lowest is in high SDI countries. The YLLs and YLDs ASR are also the highest in low SDI countries.According to the World Bank classification, the highest value of DALYs ASR is related to World Bank Low‐income countries and the lowest value is related to high‐income countries. Also in the case of YLLs ASR and YLDs ASR, the highest value is related to low‐income countries and the lowest value is related to high‐income countries.In different continents, the highest DALYs ASR belongs to the African and then American continents. For the YLLs ASR, the highest value belongs to the African continent and the lowest value belongs to the European continent, but for the YLDs ASR the highest value belongs to the African continent and the lowest value belongs to the Asian continent.According to the World Health Organization regions, the highest DALYs ASR is in the African region, followed by the American region, and the lowest is in the Eastern Mediterranean and European regions. But regarding YLDs ASR, the highest value is in Africa and the lowest is in the Eastern Mediterranean regions.Based on GBD regions, the highest standardized age of DALYs, YLLs ASR, and YLDs ASR are in Sub‐Saharan Africa and then Latin America & Caribbean‐WB.The highest DALYs ASR has been reported in Kiribati (2143.06), Guinea (1143.8), Lesotho (1087.77), Solomon Islands (1018.69), Somalia (1013.76), Eritrea (973.58), Zimbabwe (957.22), Central African Republic (955.25), Guinea‐Bissau (937.63) and Mozambique (915.04).And the lowest DALYs ASR has also been reported in Kuwait (44.34), Egypt (45.13), Syrian Arab Republic (46.56), Finland (47.49), Malta (50.94), Iran (54.11), Iceland (54.93), Jordan (55.25), Luxembourg (55.34) and Switzerland (58.09).The highest YLDs ASR has also been reported in Kiribati (39.28), Palau (29.01), Solomon Islands (23.15), Guinea (18.66), Botswana (18.44), Lesotho (17.93), Zimbabwe (17.11), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (16.95), Sao Tome and Principe (16.65), and Nauru (16.64).Meanwhile, the lowest YLDs ASR has been observed in Egypt (1.14), Syrian Arab Republic (1.39), Kuwait (1.64), Iran (1.74), Jordan (1.78), Palestine (1.83), Turkey (1.97), Iraq (1.99), Sudan (2.21) and Saudi Arabia (2.23).The highest YLLs ASR has been reported in Kiribati (2103.78), Guinea (1125.13), Lesotho (1069.85), Somalia (999.57), Solomon Islands (995.55), Eritrea (957.88), Central African Republic (941.77), Guinea‐Bissau (921.96) and Mozambique (899.74).Meanwhile, the lowest YLLs ASR has been reported in Kuwait 42.7), Egypt (43.99), Finland (44.91), Syrian Arab Republic (45.18), Malta (48.55), Iceland (52.06), Iran (52.38), Jordan (53.47) and Switzerland (55.31)  has collected data from various sources, data from some areas is limited, which can affect the results of this study. Second, GBD statistics were based on a set of data sources such as cancer registry data and cytological results, while access to these resources is limited in some low‐income countries, and estimating statistics may be erroneous. Third, due to several years delay in presentation of cancer data, up to date data not available.zohreh momenimovahed: Data curation ; investigation ; methodology ; project administration ; supervision ; validation ; writing – original draft ; writing – review and editing . Afrooz mazidi moradi: Conceptualization ; data curation ; formal analysis ; methodology ; writing – original draft ; writing – review and editing . Parang Maroofi: Data curation ; formal analysis ; methodology ; writing – original draft ; writing – review and editing . Leila Allahqoli: Conceptualization ; data curation ; methodology ; project administration ; supervision ; writing – original draft ; writing – review and editing . Ibrahim Alkatout: Conceptualization ; funding acquisition ; investigation ; project administration ; resources ; supervision ; validation ; writing – original draft ; writing – review and editing . Hamid Salehiniya: Conceptualization ; data curation ; formal analysis ; methodology ; project administration ; validation ; visualization ; writing – original draft ; writing – review and editing .The authors declare no conflict of interest.The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Birjand University of Medical Sciences . As we used routinely collected anonymized electronic data, patient consent was not required.


Food Science & Nutrition, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3158. The above article, published online on December 8, 2022 in Wiley Online Library (https://wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief Y. Martin Lo, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed upon due to an error in which the incorrect version of the article was published.Preparation and optimization of soy (Katul cultivar) protein isolate cold‐set gels induced by CaCl


BMC Vet Res 19, 143 (2023)Correction: 10.1186/s12917-023-03700-6.Following publication of the original article , the autThe texts currently read:Publication costs financed by the Minister of Science and Higher Education in the rangę of the program entitled “Regional lnitiative of Excellence” for the years 2019–2023, Project No. 010/RID/2018/19, amount of funding 12.000.000 PLN.The texts should read:Publication costs financed by the Minister of Education and Science under the program entitled “Regional Initiative of Excellence” for the years 2019–2023, Project No. 010/RID/2018/19, amount of funding 12.000.000 PLN.


Study to compare the effect of casirivimab and imdevimab, remdesivir, and favipiravir on progression and multi-organ function of hospitalized COVID-19 patients Open Medicine 2023;18(1):20230768, DOI: Journal of Clinical Virology Plus: doi.org/10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100151.Editorial Office decided to retract this article due to significant overlap with the other papers published by the same authors in


Atypical parkinsonism and self‐mutilation: A new lens on the old concept. Clin Case Rep. 2021; 9:e04432. ( The retraction has been agreed upon due to an error at the publisher, which caused a duplicate of the article to be published. The correct version of the article is Salari, M, Etemadifar, M, Ghanbari, K. Atypical parkinsonism and self‐mutilation: A new lens on the old concept. Clin Case Rep. 2021; 11:e04958. (https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.4958).The above article, published online on 09 July 2021 in Wiley Online Library (


Article title: Improving clinical outcomes of Barrett’s esophagus with high dose proton pump inhibitors and cryoablationAuthors: Snady, H.Journal:Annals of MedicineBibliometrics: Volume 55, Number 01, pages 1256–1264DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2023.2191002The article was processed and published with references 24 to 35 incorrectly ordered. The references have now been renumbered as per intended making sure that the numerical order of citations in the text is retained as such. The article also has one minor layout correction each in Tables 1, 2 and 4.


The majority of literature on cavitary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is from four decades ago which was prior to the advent of triazoles and focused on surgical treatment. This observational study is a comprehensive retrospective study of pulmonary cavitary coccidioidomycosis from patients at Valley Fever Institute at Kern Medical over the last 12 years. This observational study aims to explore the spectrum of coccidioidal cavities and the evaluation and management of those cavities.IRB approved, retrospective review of electronic medical records of the Valley Fever Institute database was conducted. Demographics, comorbidities, types, and the number of cavities, complications, and medical and surgical treatment were gathered and compared to the literature. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for cavitary pulmonary coccidioidomycosisOf the initially 276 identified patients, 137 met the inclusion criteria. This study found 52 (37.2%) patients with hemoptysis. One case (0.7%) required radiologic intervention to occlude the bleeding vessel, and one (0.7%) case of hemorrhage required right upper lobe lobectomy. Nine (6.6%) cases exhibited a ruptured cavity. Eight of those cases had initial chest tube placement, of which three  did not require surgical intervention. Seven of 137 (5.1%) cases presented with a pleural effusion not associated with a cavity rupture. Five (3.7%) were due to primary coccidioidomycosis. Three of the coccidioidal effusions required therapeutic thoracentesis, and none required a chest tube or surgery. The mean duration of the initial antifungal treatment was found to be 563 days (n=80). In 35% (28/ 80) of them, a triazole was switched to another triazole for variable reasons, including treatment failure or side effects.Coccidioidal pulmonary cavitation remains a complex disease to evaluate and treat. This study's ethnic demographic differed from other cohorts. It also contradicts the notion that pulmonary coccidioidal cavitary disease and dissemination infrequently manifest in the same patient. In the present age of triazole therapy, indications and the need for surgery continue to decline. Further investigation needs to be conducted to evaluate medical therapy’s efficacy and long-term outcomes.Rupam Sharma, PGY-1/MD, Astellas: Grant/Research Support George R. Thompson, III, MD, Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Mayne: Advisor/Consultant|Mayne: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Mundipharma: Advisor/Consultant|Mundipharma: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support


This erratum corrects the following:et al. A consensus statement from the Japan Diabetes Society: A proposed algorithm for pharmacotherapy in people with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig. 2023; 14: 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13960Ryotaro Bouchi, Tatsuya Kondo, Yasuharu Ohta The below statement should have been included in the original version of this article:https://doi.org/10.11213/tonyobyo.65.419) released in Japanese on Volume 65 Issue 8, 2022, on the official website of the Japan Diabetes Society, and has been jointly published in Diabetology International  and Journal of Diabetes Investigation .This article is the English version of the “A consensus statement from the Japan Diabetes Society: A proposed algorithm for pharmacotherapy in people with type 2 diabetes” (The online article has been corrected.The publisher apologizes for the error.


Article title: Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase inhibition: A new potential target for the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndromeAuthors: Shah, K. N. & Patel, S. S.Journal: Pharmaceutical BiologyBibliometrics: Volume 54, Number 6, pages 975–983DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2015.1091482In the version of this article initially published, there was a mistake in the images of normal control groups of Figures 2 and 3.Figures 2 and 3 are now corrected and the article has been republished online.


There was an error in the original publication . In the A correction has been made to the Results Section, Paragraph 1:In 2021, COVID-19 incidence in northwest Russia varied in waves, ranging from 258.8 (per 100 K/month) in April to 1185.8 in November. At the same time, increases in incidence with the achievement of local maxima were recorded in January (1113.5 per 100 K/month), June (822.3 per 100 K/month), and November (1185.8 per 100 K/month) .The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.


Assessment of stress and anxiety in mice with colorectal cancer submitted to physical exercise, which DOI is: https://doi.org/10.1590/acb370508, published in the journal Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira, 2022;37(05)e370508, page 5, in the axis X of Figure 5:In the manuscript Instead of:Open ArmOpen ArmOpen ArmShould be:Open ArmClosed ArmCenter


Page 7, Fig. 4: We found errors in the significance indicator lines of this figure. In particular, there is no significant difference of the percentage of BLV-infected cells between the *016:01/*009:02 group and *009:02/other allele group. Instead, there is a significant difference between the *016:01/*009:02 group and the other alleles group. We note that this does not affect the overall discussion and conclusions. The corrected Volume 8, No. 1, e00493-22, 2023,


Correction: Journal of Neuroinflammation 2012, 9:251 http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/9/1/251Following publication of the original article , the co-Hence, her name has been updated in this correction article.


BMC Infectious Diseases (2023) 23:25310.1186/s12879-023-08197-wThe original publication of this article contained an incorrect funding number, the incorrect and correct information are available in this correction article. The original article has been updated.IncorrectThis work is a part of the research project financed by the National Science Center of Poland, grant number 2019/34/E/NZ6/00221.CorrectThis work is a part of the research project financed by the National Science Center of Poland, grant number 2019/35/B/NZ7/00942.


There are errors in the Funding section. The correct Funding statement is: The authors would like to acknowledge the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) from the Ministry of Higher Education, Grant no: FRGS/1/2018/TK04/UM/02/1 (FP091-2018A).


In June 2021, IDSA updated its guideline to have fidaxomicin (FDX) as the preferred treatment over vancomycin (VAN) for patients with initial and recurrent CDI. The objective of this study was to examine changes in treatment pattern for CDI and variation in implementation of the guideline recommendation across hospitals.This was a retrospective, observational study using data from the PINC AI Healthcare Database, an electronic laboratory, pharmacy and billing data repository from about 25% of US hospitals. This study included patients aged 18 and older who received CDI treatment during the study period from 1/2020 to 6/2021 (pre-period) and from 10/2021 to 6/2022 (post-period). We first examined the treatment pattern in the pre- and post-periods by calculating the proportion of patients who received FDX on day one of treatment, only FDX, only VAN, only metronidazole (MTZ), switched from VAN or MTZ to FDX, and other treatment patterns. Then we examined proportion of patients receiving FDX on day one at the hospital level. We used a multilevel logistic regression model with hospital random effects to examine the association between hospital characteristics and FDX use. Patient and hospital characteristics were controlled.67,311 CDI patients from 798 hospitals met the inclusion criteria. Figure 1 shows the analysis of CDI treatment pattern at the patient level. The proportion of patients treated with FDX on day one increased from 2.4% in the pre-period to 6.9% in the post-period. Patients who received only FDX increased from 1.3% to 4.1%, and those with a switch from VAN/MTZ to FDX from 3.2% to 6.4%. At the hospital level, the mean use of FDX on day one increased from 2.6% (SD = 4.8%) to 7.9% (SD = 10.1%), and the median increased from 1.1%  to 4.2% . We found that FDX use increased proportionately by all hospital characteristics except census region where greater increases were found in the South and Midwest. Hospitals had a statistically significant association with FDX use (p< 0.001) and 29.7% of the variance of FDX use on day one was explained by between-hospital variability.Adjusted Proportion of Treatment Starting with FidaxomicinUse of FDX for CDI treatment has increased since the publication of IDSA guideline in 2021, but it remains low with significant regional variation.Erik R. Dubberke, MD, MSPH, Abbott: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Merck and Co.: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Seres Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Summit: Advisor/Consultant|Theriva Biologics: Grant/Research Support Qinghua Li, PhD, Merck & Co Inc: Employee Engels N. Obi, PhD, Merck & Co Inc: Employee Vladimir Turzhitsky, PhD, Merck & Co.: Full time employee of Merck & Co.|Merck & Co.: Stocks/Bonds Fakhar Siddiqui, MD, MBA, Merck & Co Inc.: Employee Brian H. Nathanson, Ph.D., Merck & Co., Inc: Advisor/Consultant


The second author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Jaap A. Wagenaar.The correct citation is: Bosman AB, Wagenaar JA, Stegeman A, Vernooij H, Mevius D (2012) Quantifying Antimicrobial Resistance at Veal Calf Farms. PLoS ONE 7(9): e44831. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044831There is also an error in the Materials and Methods section. In Statistical Analysis, the first sentence of the third paragraph of "Logistic regression analysis" should read: The estimated variance values of the random effects in the best fitting model were used to examine the variation  in antimicrobial resistance on farm-level, pen-level and sample-level, with the variance of a standard logistic density fixed at π2/3 [26].


AbstractArachnida: Opiliones). Harvestmen accessible datasets in Iberian Peninsula are unknown, an only two other datasets available in GBIF are composed exclusively of harvestmen records. Moreover, only a few harvestmen data from Iberian Peninsula are available in GBIF network . This paper describes the data associated with the Opiliones kept in the BOS Arthropod Collection of the University of Oviedo, Spain (hosted in the Department of Biología de Organismos y Sistemas), filling some of those gaps. The specimens were mainly collected from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula. The earliest specimen deposited in the collection, dating back to the early 20th century, belongs to the P. Franganillo Collection. The dataset documents the collection of 16,455 specimens, preserved in 3,772 vials. Approximately 38% of the specimens belong to the family Sclerosomatidae, and 26% to Phalangidae; six other families with fewer specimens are also included. Data quality control was incorporated at several steps of digitisation process to facilitate reuse and improve accuracy. The complete dataset is also provided in Darwin Core Archive format, allowing public retrieval, use and combination with other biological, biodiversity of geographical variables datasets.There are significant gaps in accessible knowledge about the distribution and phenology of Iberian harvestmen (PageBreak Purpose: Existing knowledge on the distribution of harvestmen in the Iberian Peninsula is still very fragmented  of Ireland dataset of the National Biodiversity Data Centre (http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/10810), with 2,109 records  (agmented . There aagmented . However groups) .Opiliones specimens deposited in the BOS Arthropod Collection (subcollection of Opiliones: BOS-Opi) of the University of Oviedo, Spain, comprising 16,455 specimens in 3,772 vials . As a result of this, the BOS-Opi dataset makes a significant contribution of primary data about Iberian harvestmen for ecological, faunistic and conservation studies. With the publication of this dataset, we aim to (1) providing a dataset with phenological and distribution data on harvestmen from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula, and (2) describing the Opiliones subcollection of the BOS Arthropod Collection.The purpose of this paper is to document a dataset corresponding to Additional information: A list of publications citing harvestmen contained in this dataset (BOS-Opi) is provided in point 2 of the reference section.Project title: Informatización de la Colección de Artrópodos BOS de la Universidad de Oviedo / Digitisation of the BOS Arthropod Collection of University of OviedoPersonnel digitisation: Torralba-Burrial APageBreakAdministrative contact: Anadón ABOS-Opi determination specialist: Merino Sáinz IBOS-Opi collectors: Collectors who have deposited more than 50 specimens include Merino Sáinz I, Anadón A, Fernández-Álvarez F.A., Torralba-Burrial A, Ocharan Larrondo FJ, Melero Cimas VX, Monteserín Real S, Ocharan Ibarra R, Rosa García R, and Vázquez Felechosa MTP. Franganillo Collection:Curator of  Lastra CFunding: Digitisation of this biological collection was supported by the Spanish National R+D+i Plan  and PCTI Asturias  through a contract for ATB.PageBreakBiodiversity of Muniellos Biosphere Reserve” was supported by the Asturias Regional Government .Almost 73% of the specimens were collected as part of the PhD Thesis by Study area description: Harvestmen specimens deposited in BOS Arthropod Collection are from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula (eninsula . Most ofeninsula . The clieninsula . Oak andeninsula . Harvesteninsula .Design description: The digitisation process of this dataset (BOS-Opi) was carried out according to the workflow put in place for the Odonata subcollection (BOS-Odo) (http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt). DarwinCore elements included in the dataset structure are listed in the dataset description section. Data quality controls of geographic, taxonomic and additional data associated with the harvestmen specimens were performed at several steps of digitisation process as an essential part of this Information Management Chain (BOS-Odo) . Prior tnt Chain , 2005b, PageBreakArthropod Collection, allowing free access of citizens, researches, environmental companies and government managements to biodiversity data kept in this Collection.Currently, dataset is being used to study phenological and life history differences of harvestmen species between areas in north Iberian Peninsula with different geographical/habitat features, species distribution and importance of opportunistic data in fill knowledge gaps when standardised sampling data are not available or are incomplete. Moreover, this dataset is considered as a dynamic catalogue of the harvestmen of BOS General taxonomic coverage description: All specimens were identified to species when preservation status, sex and life cycle phase permitted it. Sixty-two species were recorded from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula  and Phalangodidae (suborder Laniatores) are missing. As depicted in Sclerosomatidae , followed by Phalangiidae , Trogulidae , Nemastomatidae (14.0%: Nemastomella and Nemastoma). Other families represent less of 5% of the records  descriptions and without figures. In four publications nomina dubia both in Araneae , current identifications more accurate  and other specimens show a correct identification by Franganillo .No types are hosted among the ae e.g.,  and in Oes e.g., , are synes e.g., , or his es e.g., . In 1972es e.g., . The prees e.g., . A studyes e.g., . In Opilna dubia , and mosna dubia . IdentifAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: OpilionesOrder: Ischyropsalididae, Nemastomatidae, Phalangiidae, Sabaconidae, Sclerosomatidae, Sironidae, Travuniidae, Trogulidae.Family: Common names: Animals, Arthropods, Arachnids, Harvestmen.All specimens are from the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula . Most ofPageBreak40°18'N and 43°42'N Latitude; 8°54'W and 0°30'W Longitude.1900–20121977-presentParent collection identifier: Colección de Artrópodos BOSCollection name: Colección de Artrópodos BOS de la Universidad de Oviedo: Opiliones (BOS-Opi)Collection identifier:http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/15038Specimen preservation method: Ethanol 70°Curatorial unit: 3772 with an uncertainty of 0 )Curatorial unit: 16455 with an uncertainty of 0 (Specimens)Method description: The digitisation process of the Opiliones subcollection (BOS-Opi) was realised in accordance with the published workflow of the Odonata subcollection (BOS-Odo) (see Odo) see .Pre-digitisation phase: The preservation status of harvestmen specimens was reviewed prior to digitisation. Vials were changed when necessary and refilled with preservation liquid (ethanol 70°). Specimens were identified or identifications were reviewed when they were already noted. Identification labels were added when labels were lacking or otherwise incomplete. Specimens’ vials were sorted alphabetically by family/genus/species names in trays, and hosted in metallic cabinets in a cold chamber.Digitisation phase: A database with DarwinCore v1.2 standard fields and other fields specific to different research projects was developed using MS EXCEL software. All biodiversity data available on the specimens’ labels  were included in the database.PageBreakhttp://www.ign.es/iberpix2/visor). Localities were sorted geographically for batch retrospective georeferencing, starting with larger batches  from specimen labels or from associated publications were added to the database when available. If coordinates were not present on the specimen labels or in primary publications, retrospective georeferencing see  was carr batches . CoordinThe database was converted and imported to, and managed with, ZOORBAR v2.1.1 software .Creation of the dataset: The dataset was exported as a file in DarwinCore v1.2 format and geographic coordinates were carried out with ZOORBAR v2.1.1 software. DarwinCore elements included in dataset structure are listed in the dataset description section. Data format, georeferenced coordinates and absence of ASCII anomalous characters were checked with DARWIN_TEST v.3.2 software (http://www.gbif.es/darwin_test/Darwin_test.php). Erroneous data were corrected and data cleaning was repeated to enhance the data quality .http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt). Links to these data were also provided on the BOS Arthropod Collection website (http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos). The offline version of the dataset includes the identification history of each specimen (4149 items), collection method, research project, and notes on materials derived from the specimens . This information is available on request.The dataset was transformed to a DarwinCore Archive format with metadata to ensure rapid discovery of this biodiversity resource and future publishing as a citable academic paper see . The datStudy extent description: Specimens are mainly from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula (see geographic coverage section). The earliest specimens are from the 20th century (belonging to the P. Franganillo collection), but the general collection starts in 1977. However, only 9.73% of the items were collected prior to the year 2000, while 75.93% were collected between 2009 and 2012. The BOS-Opi dataset includes the record distributions by month  specimens from the PhD dissertation by PageBreak2) specimens from the project “Cataloguing of the Biodiversity from the Biosphere Reserve of Muniellos” (SW of Asturias province)  (13.10%)3) specimens from other sources: collections from students in Biology and Forestry Engineering programs at the University of Oviedo, other research projects, practical courses, etc. (13.92%).PageBreakmuch lower number of specimens (1.2%) . Ethylene glycol was used as a fixation and preservation liquid in the pitfalls : OpilionesCharacter encoding: UTF-8Format name: Darwin Core Archive formatFormat version: 1.0Distribution:http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt/archive.do?r=bos-opiPublication date of data: 2013-07-04Update police: Annually when necessary to transmit data of new specimens kept at BOS Collection.Language: SpanishLicenses of use: This dataset [BOS Arthropod Collection of University of Oviedo (Spain): Opiliones (BOS-Opi)] is made available under the Open Data Commons Attribution License: http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/.DarwinCore elements: The DarwinCore elements (http://purl.org/dc/terms/) included in the dataset published through the GBIF network describe the specimens’ data to several levels. These elements are: Record data: type (basisofrecord), DateLastModified, InstitutionCode, CollectionCode, CatalogNumber, Collector, IndividualCount, Sex, YearCollected, MonthCollected, DayCollected, Notes (with info about habitat in most of cases); Geographic data: Country, StateProvince, Locality , MinimumElevation (meters), MaximunElevatium (meters), Latitude , Longitude , CoordinatePrecision (meters); Taxonomic data: Kingdom , Phylum , Class , Order , Family, Genus, Species (specificEpithet), ScientificNameAuthor (auPageBreakthorship of taxa name), ScientificName, Identified by, Yearidentified, Type status. Moreover, some DarwinCore elements were mapped to fixed values in the IPT as described in this data-paper: language, rights, rightsHolder, bibliographicCitation, references, datasetID, datasetName, ownerInstitutionCode.Object name: BOS Arthropod Collection of University of Oviedo (Spain): OpilionesCharacter encoding: iso-8859-1Format name: Darwin Core ArchiveFormat version: 1.0Distribution:http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/15038Metadata language: EnglishDate of metadata creation: 2013-06-12Hierarchy level: Dataset


The name of the gene (BCMO1) was spelled incorrectly in the title.The title should be: Detection of a Cis eQTL Controlling BCMO1 GeneExpression Leads to the Identification of a QTG for Chicken Breast Meat ColorThe corrected citation is: Le Bihan-Duval E, Nadaf J, Berri C, Pitel F, Graulet B, et al. (2011) Detection of a Cis eQTL Controlling BCMO1 Gene Expression Leads to the Identification of a QTG for Chicken Breast Meat Color. PLoS ONE 6(7): e14825. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014825


The name of the first author of the article is incorrect. The first author's correct name is: Chong Leong Gan. The correct Citation is: Chong Leong G, Uda H (2013) Comparative Reliability Studies and Analysis of Au, Pd-Coated Cu and Pd-Doped Cu Wire in Microelectronics Packaging. PLoS ONE 8(11): e78705. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078705. The correct abbreviation of the first author's name in the Author Contributions statement is: CLG.


Shigella Pathogenicity Puzzle: Spermidine Accumulation by Silencing of the speG Gene. The correct citation is: Barbagallo M, Di Martino ML, Marcocci L, Pietrangeli P, De Carolis E, et al. (2011) A New Piece of the Shigella Pathogenicity Puzzle: Spermidine Accumulation by Silencing of the speG Gene. PLoS ONE 6(11): e27226. There was a typographical error in the title. The correct title is: A New Piece of the


The name of the first author is incorrectly represented in the Citation and Copyright. The correct Citation is: Abu Awad D, Gallina S, Bonamy C, Billiard S (2014) The Interaction between Selection, Demography and Selfing and How It Affects Population Viability. PLoS ONE 9(1):e86125. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086125.The Copyright statement should read: "© 2014 Abu Awad et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited."


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2011) 104, 1410–1417; doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.94When published originally, earlier in Volume 104, the authors noticed that they had omitted to include TRDRP grant (19XT-0051) in the acknowledgements, which funded a large portion of the work for this paper. The authors are now happy to correct this omission.


Acta Cryst. (2010), E66, o2633.Corrigendum to  Acta Cryst. (2010), E66, o2633] is corrected.The author list in the paper by Ding [ In the paper by Ding (2010)


The name of the third author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Markus von Nickisch-Rosenegk. The correct citation is: Hoppe S, Bier FF, von Nickisch-Rosenegk M (2013) Rapid Identification of Novel Immunodominant Proteins and Characterization of a Specific Linear Epitope of Campylobacter jejuni. PLoS ONE 8(5): e65837. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065837. The abbreviation in Contributions correctly reflects the name as it is.


The word "Systematic" is misspelled in the title.The correct title is: The Scale of Faith Based Organization Participation in Health Service Delivery in Developing Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The correct citation is: Kagawa RC, Anglemyer A, Montagu D (2012) The Scale of Faith Based Organization Participation in Health Service Delivery in Developing Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 7(11): e48457. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048457


Porcine reproductive and respitatory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a recently emerged pathogen and severely affects swine populations worldwide. The replication of PRRSV is tightly controlled by viral gene expression and the codon usage of translation initiation region within each gene could potentially regulate the translation rate. Therefore, a better understanding of the codon usage pattern of the initiation translation region would shed light on the regulation of PRRSV gene expression.In this study, the codon usage in the translation initiation region and in the whole coding sequence was compared in PRRSV ORF1a and ORFs2-7. To investigate the potential role of codon usage in affecting the translation initiation rate, we established a codon usage model for PRRSV translation initiation region. We observed that some non-preferential codons are preferentially used in the translation initiation region in particular ORFs. Although some positions vary with codons, they intend to use codons with negative CUB. Furthermore, our model of codon usage showed that the conserved pattern of CUB is not directly consensus with the conserved sequence, but shaped under the translation selection.The non-variation pattern with negative CUB in the PRRSV translation initiation region scanned by ribosomes is considered the rate-limiting step in the translation process. Nidovirales of family Arteriviridae [Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection causes serious disease in swine populations with a series of clinical consequences, such as high mortality, reproductive failure, post-weaning pneumonia and growth reduction ,2. Basediviridae ,9. The Piviridae -13. Despiviridae ,14. Theriviridae -19. Moreiviridae .It is generally considered that the alternative synonymous codons are not used with equal frequencies among organisms, and the codon usage pattern plays a role in genes expressed at higher levels -30. Jacqhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/ and the synonymous codon usage values (SCUV) for this virus were reported previously [st to the 50th residue) of ORF1a, ORF2, ORF3, ORF4, ORF5, ORF6 and ORF7 were used as targets for alignment analysis respectively.The 13 complete RNA sequences of PRRSV were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) eviously . Multipl0 = 1.00) for the development of serotype-specific codon usage [To calculate CUB, it is supposed that statistically equal and random usage of all available synonymous codons was the "neutral point" /(n/N), represents the relative abundance for a particular codon in the translation initiation region. ni represents the total number of a particular codon within the 1st to ith amino acids, Ni represents the total number of corresponding amino acid in the 1st to ith amino acid ones, n is the total number of a certain codon within the whole coding sequence, and N is the total number of corresponding amino acids within the whole coding sequence. When R value is equal to 1.00, it means that the frequency of this codon in the target region is equal to the frequency of this codon in the whole coding sequence; when R value is lower than zero, it implies that the frequency of this codon in the target region is lower than that of the whole coding sequence; when R value is higher than zero, it suggests that the frequency of this codon is higher than that of the whole coding sequence.We analyzed the codon usage characteristics of the translation initiation region depending on R values for codons of the target positions.To substantiate the characteristics of codon usage for positions with negative CUB in the target regions, we analyzed the target positions depending on the data, (i) the variations of codons and amino acids, (ii) The consensus amino acid sequence is based on the comparison of the strains in previous study . The posThe bars of all positions in the translation initiation region represented the CUB degree Figure . AlthougThe various extents of the conserved pattern of codon usage for their positions in PRRSV ORFs suggest that CUB associated with these positions might modulate the corresponding gene expression.R value for each codon was calculated and listed in Table R value indicated more preferential usage in the translation initiation site than that of the whole coding sequence. ij CUBvalue for each codon was listed in Table The R value for the codons with negative CUB vary compared with R = 1.00. However, some target positions contain the codons with negative CUB and R values > 1.00, suggesting that some new characteristics might influence the translation efficiency of the corresponding coding sequence. In translation initiation region of ORF1a, the non-preferential codons  are preferentially used in the 4th (US and EU serotypes), 9th (US), 12th (EU), 19th (US), the 22nd (US and EU), 27th (US), 31st (US and EU) and 40th (US), while some non-preferential codons, which have R value < 1.00 or R value > 1.00, exist in the 16th (EU) and 30th (US and EU) positions. For ORF2, the non-preferential codons are more preferentially used in the 7th (EU), 8th (EU), 9th (EU), 11th (US), 20th (EU), 27th (EU), 30th (US), 33rd (US), 40th (EU), 43rd (EU), 44th (US) and 48th (EU) positions, while some non-preferential codons with R value > 1.00 or R value < 1.00 exist in the 12th (US) position. For ORF3, non-preferential codons  exist in the 4th (US), 13th (US and EU), 17th (EU), 26th (US and EU), 31st (US and EU), 32nd (EU) and 37th (US) positions, while the non-preferential codons with R value > 1.00 or R value < 1.00 are used in the 5th (EU), 6th (US and EU), 7th (US), 11th (US and EU),16th (US) and 43rd (EU) positions. For ORF4, the non-preferential codons with R value > 1.00 are used in the 3rd (US and EU), 7th (US and EU), 20th (US and EU), 27th (US and EU), 28th (US and EU), 29th (US and EU), 38th (EU),40th (US and EU), 41st (US), 44th (EU) and 49th (US and EU), while some non-preferential nodons with R value > 1.00 or R value < 1.00 are used in the 31st (EU) position. For ORF5, the non-preferential nodons with R value > 1.00 are used in the 9th (EU), 12th (US), 14th (EU), 22nd (US) 23rd (US), 32nd (US), 36th (US), 39th (EU), 40th (EU), 44th (EU), 48th (EU) and 49th (EU), while non-preferential codon with R value > 1.00 or R value > 1.00 are used in the 8th (US), 24th (US), 46th (US) and 47th (US) positions. For ORF6, the non-preferential codons  are used in the 3rd (US), 4th (EU), 7th (US), 13th (US), 14th (EU), 15th (EU), 19th (EU), 21st (US), 22nd (EU), 24th (EU), 26th (EU), 27th (US), 30th (EU), 31st (EU), 32nd (US), 37th (US), 40th (US), 45th (EU) and 48th (EU) positions, while some non-preferential codon  are used in the 2nd (EU), 5th (US and EU), 46th (US) and 50th (US) positions. For ORF7, the non-preferential codons  are chosen in the 11th (US), 32nd (US), 40th (US and EU), 41st (US), 43rd (EU), 44th (EU), 48th (US) and 50th (US) positions, while some non-preferential codon  are used in the 3rd (US), 24th (EU), 25th (EU) and 35th (US) positions. The rest positions with negative CUB do not arise from the existence of non-preferential codons but contain some preferential codons (CUB > 0), implying that these positions do not affect the efficiency of gene translation. The degeneracy of the genetic code enables the same amino acid sequences to be encoded and translated in different ways. However, the synonymous codon usage is not purely random.The positions with negative CUB do not always use the codons with negative CUB, and the Drosophila species, suggesting that translation selection favors the conserved pattern of synonymous codon usage to enhance the accuracy of gene expression [CAT product [RNA virus possesses high mutation rates and therefore virus populations exist as dynamic and complex mutant distributions -41. Howepression . A lot opression . Non-unipression -52. Frompression . Howeverpression . Once a pression ,54-58. Kpression . Lavner pression . A relatpression ,61-65. Tpression ,67. Our pression ,63,64,68 product , the vie product . When th product ,71.In summary, the conserved non-preferential codons in the translation initiation region have a high relationship with the regulation of gene expression. And the conserved codons with negative CUB are preferentially used in the initial region, which may be explained by the minor codon modulator hypothesis and the translation selection. These codons within this critical region might play a negative role in regulation of gene expression.PRRSV: Porcine reproductive and respitatory syndrome virus; SCUV: synonymous codon usage values; CUB: codon usage bias; US: Northern American isolate; EU: European isolate.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.JHS and XXM carried out the molecular genetic studies, participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript. YLH, JDL and XSM participated in the sequence alignment. YXD and XNL participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis. XPC conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2012) 106, 1453–1459; doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.98In revision of the above paper during the proofing and correction process, an earlier version of Figure 3 was resupplied for publication and, subsequently, published in error. The authors and publishers apologise for this mistake.The correct


DNA RESEARCH 21, 53–68, (2014); doi:10.1093/dnares/dst040B. oleracea Repeat number: the 3 should be 12. The corrected part of the table is given below.There was an error in the first three rows of Table


A reference was omitted from the reference list during the production process. There reference is: 53. Middleton FA, Strick PL (1994) Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function. Science 266: 458-461.In place of reference 53, some erroneous formatting text was published in the PDF.


A funding organization for the second author, Claudio Eglueta, was incorrectly omitted from the Funding Statement. The Funding Statement should read: "This work was supported by a DFG grant to NK  and the VW-Foundation to CE. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."In addition, affiliation number 2 for the second author is incorrect. The correct affiliation number 2 is: Institut für Physiologie I, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany.In addition, all Supplementary Figure files are missing in both hyperlink and thumbnail format. The Supplementary Figures can be viewed at the following links, as indicated:Figure S1: Click here for additional data file.Figure S2: Click here for additional data file.Figure S3: Click here for additional data file.Figure S4: Click here for additional data file.Figure S5: Click here for additional data file.Figure S6: Click here for additional data file.Figure S7: Click here for additional data file.Figure S8: Click here for additional data file.


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2012) 104, 1482–1486; doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.114After publication, it was noted that the dose category labels contained in The full, correct


The classical symptoms of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) are acute diarrhea and dehydration. The isolated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) CH/GDGZ/2012 strain was obtained from the feces of diseased pigs in 2012 in southern China. We report the complete genome sequence of strain CH/GDGZ/2012, which might be useful for better understanding the molecular characteristics of this virus. Alphacoronavirus, the family Coronaviridae, and the order Nidovirales (Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, is classified as a member of the genus ovirales , 2.The whole genome of the PEDV strain CH/GDGZ/2012 was amplified by 21 sets of primers  and clonThe complete genome sequence of CH/GDGZ/2012 exhibits 96.6%, 97.4%, 97.9%, and 97.0% nucleotide homologies with the genomes of PEDV strains CV777, DR13, CH/FJND-3/2011, and CH/S, respectively . SimilarThese data may be useful for analyses of the epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics of PEDVs in southern China.KF384500.The complete genome sequence of PEDV CH/GDGZ/2012 strain has been deposited in GenBank under the accession no.


In Human Prion Disease and Relative Risk Associated with Chronic Wasting Disease by Samantha MaWhinney et al., an error occurred in the list of references. Missing from the list is reference no. 36: Belay ED, Maddox RA, Gambetti P, Schonberger LB. Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States. Neurology. 2003;60:176–81.http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/10/06-0019_article.htmThe corrected list of references appears in the online article at We regret any confusion this error may have caused.


There was an error in the citation in the online version of the article. The correct citation is "Bouillard K, Nordez A, Hug F (2011) Estimation of Individual Muscle Force Using Elastography. PLoS ONE 6(12): e29261. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029261"


There was an error in the name of the fourth author.The correct author name is: Nickolay V. BukoreshtlievThe correct citation is: Modulevsky DJ, Tremblay D, Gullekson C, Bukoreshtliev NV, Pelling AE (2012) The Physical Interaction of Myoblasts with the Microenvironment during Remodeling of the Cytoarchitecture. PLoS ONE 7(9): e45329. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045329


The correct name of the second author is: Bashir AhmadThe correct citation is: Noreen S, Ahmad B, Hayat T (2013) Mixed Convection Flow of Nanofluid in Presence of an Inclined Magnetic Field. PLoS ONE 8(9): e73248. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073248The correct version of the grant number in the first sentence of the Funding statement should be: 25-130/1433 HiCi


The name of the first author was listed incorrectly. The correct name is: Adzemovic MV. The correct citation is: Adzemovic MZ, Zeitelhofer M, Eriksson U, Olsson T, Nilsson I (2013) Imatinib Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis by Enhancing Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and by Modulating the Peripheral Immune Response. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56586. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056586. The correct abbreviation in Contributions is: MZA.


The name of the third author is incorrect. The correct name is: Bradley S. Peterson. The correct citation is: Hu S, Xu D, Peterson BS, Wang Q, He X, et al. (2013) Association of Cerebral Networks in Resting State with Sexual Preference of Homosexual Men: A Study of Regional Homogeneity and Functional Connectivity. PLoS ONE 8(3): e59426. The correct abbreviation in Contributions is: BSP.


The name of the first author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Gesham Magombedze.In addition, the word "Evaluation" was spelled incorrectly in the article title. The correct title is: Evaluation of the "Iceberg Phenomenon" in Johne's Disease through Mathematical Modelling.The correct citation is: Magombedze G, Ngonghala CN, Lanzas C (2013) Evaluation of the “Iceberg Phenomenon” in Johne's Disease through Mathematical Modelling. PLoS ONE 8(10): e76636. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076636.In addition, the number of the grant from the National Science Foundation is incorrect. The correct grant number is: NSF Award # EF-0832858.


Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Both these genera, with 20 and 14 species, respectively, are widely distributed in African TRFs, with a few species occurring in slightly less humid regions such as in East Africa.The tropical rain forests (TRF) of Africa are the second largest block of this biome after the Amazon and exhibit high levels of plant endemism and diversity. Two main hypotheses have been advanced to explain speciation processes that have led to this high level of biodiversity: allopatric speciation linked to geographic isolation and ecological speciation linked to ecological gradients. Both these hypotheses rely on ecology: in the former conservation of ecological niches through time is implied, while in the latter adaptation via selection to alternative ecological niches would be a prerequisite. Here, we investigate the role of ecology in explaining present day species diversity in African TRF using a species level phylogeny and ecological niche modeling of two predominantly restricted TRF tree genera, A total of 11 sister species pairs were identified most of them occurring in allopatry or with little geographical overlap. Our results provide a mixed answer on the role of ecology in speciation. Although no sister species have identical niches, just under half of the tests suggest that sister species do have more similar niches than expected by chance. PCA analyses also support little ecological differences between sister species. Most speciation events within both genera predate the Pleistocene, occurring during the Late Miocene and Pliocene periods.Isolona and Monodora at the scale analyzed here. This is consistent with the geographical speciation model for TRF diversification. These results contrast to other studies for non-TRF plant species where ecological speciation was found to be an important factor of diversification. The Pliocene period appears to be a vital time in the generation of African TRF diversity, whereas Pleistocene climatic fluctuations have had a smaller role on speciation than previously thought.Ecology is almost always involved in speciation, however, it would seem to have had a little role in species generation within Isolona, Monodora, AnnonaceaeEcological niche modeling, species level phylogeny, ecological speciation, African tropics,  The tropical rain forest (TRF) biome covers just ~7% of land but harbors over half of the planet's terrestrial biodiversity. The TRF of Africa represents the second largest extent of this biome after the Amazon basin, and contains high levels of species diversity and especially endemicity . Two maiUnderstanding the evolutionary processes responsible for high species richness of TRF has been a major focus of evolutionary biology , althougNew developments in ecological niche modeling (ENM) or species distribution modeling have provided important advances in the understanding of species distribution , as wellIsolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Both genera contain small to large trees largely distributed across the African rain forests from West/Central Africa to East Africa. A recent monograph of both genera provides information about species delimitation as well as their distribution . In oner et al. ,29 proviMean divergence ages Table  for all Isolona capuronii (1), I. pleurocarpa (7), Monodora carolinae (7), M. globiflora (6), M. hastipetala (4) and M. stenopetala (6), all being rare or localized species. Analysis of the variation of each bioclim variable between species underlines important ecological characteristics within and between species of each genus. For Isolona, differences between East and West/Central species were few , higher temperature seasonality (BC4) and lower annual precipitation (BC12) as well as other related variables such as BC13, BC14, BC16, BC17 and BC19  on all 19 bioclim variables and significance between principal components were tested under Mann-Whitney U test. Together, the first and second components explained between 59% and 87% of the variation among the 19 bioclim variables. The directionality of the loadings for components 1 and 2 were quite variable, Figures  and 5 buMonodora laurentii within M. myristica; M. hastipetala within M. junodii; Isolona cooperi within I. campanulata; 2) species that overlapped for part of their variation ; 3) species with clearly separated ecological space, which was found in just one species pair: Monodora carolinae /M. stenopetala. For most comparisons one to two PC axes were not significantly different between species pairs  Species with narrower distributions were included within the environmental variation of a more widely distributed species (for example Monodora species) no standard deviation (SD) was calculated, even though the respective AUCs were high, because the number of total samples was too low (for species with occurrence points less than 8 only one training point can be used from which the SD cannot be estimated). Although several species in this study exhibited low sample sizes, the resulting AUCs indicate that meaningful models have been produced  is reported in Table S1. Response curves and variable importance were examined; however no general trends or consistent suite of variables were identified as the important factors for species' distributions.Monodora hastipetala /M. junodii, and all four tests for Isolona heinsenii /I. linearis.Potential distribution generated under ENM using Maxent between selected sister species are presented in Figures K of Blomberg et al. . Also,  than 10 .Afromomum . A secondary calibration point was used, with the crown node of Isolona and Monodora set to 14.9 Ma (95% highest posterior density (HPD) 9.4-21). A similar age (14.4 (95% HPD 10.2-18.7) for this node was also found with a larger sampling of Annonaceae genera and with an updated fossil calibration hypothesis [For this analysis we used the chronogram of Couvreur et al.  which inpothesis .Isolona and 737 for Monodora (Table S1).Locality data were compiled from Couvreur  and reprAn estimate of the known geographic range for each species was produced in ArcGIS v 9.3 using a "buffer" approach. This method creates a buffer radius around each collection point for each species. Overlapping buffers for each species pair are then fused and the range overlap is calculated. Several other approaches can be used such as the "quadrat" [e.g. ]: the dihttp://www.worldclim.org at 30 arc seconds resolution [Using the 19 bioclim variables Table  from httsolution , a set oEnvironmental niches were compared between sister species using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on all 19 bioclim variables. Statistical tests between groups have generally relied on AMOVA or MANOVA methods either between the principal components of the PCA ,48 or onM. hastipetala (see below). Ecological niche models were generated using the maximum entropy method, Maxent version 3.3 [Ecological niche modeling was used in order to summarize the climatic tolerances of the sampled species, except for sion 3.3 . This ission 3.3 ,70,71. Msion 3.3 .Isolona and Monodora (below 12°51'N and above 28°7'S); latitudinal boundaries which roughly coincide with limits of the suitable land cover types for these species. The 19 bioclim layers and an elevation layer , niche models we unable to be generated in Maxent due to the low number of unique occurrence localities (4). Therefore, the known geographic range was used for niche similarity tests, rather than the Maxent output. The software quantifies niche similarity using two metrics: D [I, a measure derived from Hellinger distance. These metrics are calculated by comparing the estimated niche suitability values from individual pixels in Maxent model outputs, where those outputs have first been normalized such that all predicted suitability values in the geographic space sum to 1 [For all sister species pairs, we compared the Maxent outputs using the software ENMtools  followintrics: D , and I, sum to 1 . Althougsum to 1 .D and I values were calculated for each of the pseudoreplicate models. The distribution of these similarity values was then compared to the D and I values calculated from the actual niche models for that species pair in the niche overlap test. This method tests the null hypothesis that the two species have equivalent ecological niches and is expected to be met only if both species tolerate exactly the same environmental conditions and have an equivalent set of environmental condition available to them [The niche identity test compares niche models generated with actual occurrence localities to pseudoreplicate models generated with points randomly selected from a pool of actual occurrence localities to determine if species pairs have equivalent niches. For the identity tests, 100 pseudoreplicates were created from the pooled localities for each pair of sister species and  to them .D and I values were calculated for each pseudoreplicate model and the distribution of these values was compared to the niche overlap values calculated for the actual data. This method tests the null hypothesis that calculated niche overlap between two species is explained by differences in their environmental background. The null hypothesis is rejected if the calculated niche overlap falls outside the 95% confidence interval for the distribution of pseudoreplicate model values.The background similarity test compares differences in the environmental background of species pairs  to determine if the two species are more or less similar than expected by chance. For each species pair, the niche model for the focal species is compared to a series of pseudoreplicate models generated by randomly sampling the 'background' (geographic range) of its sister species . In the K of Blomberg et al. [The phylogenetic signal  for eacg et al. . The QVIg et al. . This apK is used to quantify the "amount of phylogenetic signal relative to the amount expected for a character undergoing Brownian motion evolution along the specified topology and branch lengths" [[K < 1 indicating low phylogenetic dependence of the variable and K > 1 indicating high phylogenetic signal of the variable. When K = 1, the variable exhibits the phylogenetic signal expected under the Brownian motion model (e.g. the null model). K was estimated for each of the 19 bioclim variables using the multiPhylosignal command in the picante (ver. 1.3) [engths" [, page 73engths" [. The staer. 1.3)  R packagphyloclim ver. 0.8.1 [phyloclim. For each genus, a total of 1000 simulations were undertaken.We also tested for phylogenetic signal of niche differentiation by using an adaptation of the age-range correlation method of  in whichr. 0.8.1  to generr. 0.8.1  as impleTLPC conceived and coordinated the study, participated in its design, undertook part of the statistical analyses and drafted the manuscript. HPM participated in the design of the study, performed part of the statistical and all GIS analyses and helped draft the manuscript. JJW participated significantly in the production of the data. LWC participated in the conception of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.IsolonaVariation of bioclim variables BC1-6 for . Indicates the variation of bioclim variables BC1 to 6 for all sampled species in Isolona. West/Central African species: 1: Isolona congolana; 2: I. hexaloba; 3: I. pleurocarpa; 4: I. zenkeri; 5: I. campanulata; 6: I. cooperi; 7: I. dewevrei; 8: I. thonneri; 9: I. cauliflora. East African species: 10: I. heinsenii; 11: I. linearis. Malagasy species: 12: I. capuroni; 13: I. ghesquierei; 14: I. perrierii.Click here for fileIsolonaVariation of bioclim variables BC7-12 for . Indicates the variation of bioclim variables BC7 to 12 for all sampled species in Isolona. West/Central African species: 1: Isolona congolana; 2: I. hexaloba; 3: I. pleurocarpa; 4: I. zenkeri; 5: I. campanulata; 6: I. cooperi; 7: I. dewevrei; 8: I. thonneri; 9: I. cauliflora. East African species: 10: I. heinsenii; 11: I. linearis. Malagasy species: 12: I. capuroni; 13: I. ghesquierei; 14: I. perrierii.Click here for fileIsolonaVariation of bioclim variables BC13-18 for . Indicates the variation of bioclim variables BC7 to 12 for all sampled species in Isolona. West/Central African species: 1: Isolona congolana; 2: I. hexaloba; 3: I. pleurocarpa; 4: I. zenkeri; 5: I. campanulata; 6: I. cooperi; 7: I. dewevrei; 8: I. thonneri; 9: I. cauliflora. East African species: 10: I. heinsenii; 11: I. linearis. Malagasy species: 12: I. capuroni; 13: I. ghesquierei; 14: I. perrierii.Click here for fileIsolonaVariation of bioclim variable BC19 for . Indicates the variation of bioclim variable BC19 for all sampled species in Isolona. West/Central African species: 1: Isolona congolana; 2: I. hexaloba; 3: I. pleurocarpa; 4: I. zenkeri; 5: I. campanulata; 6: I. cooperi; 7: I. dewevrei; 8: I. thonneri; 9: I. cauliflora. East African species: 10: I. heinsenii; 11: I. linearis. Malagasy species: 12: I. capuroni; 13: I. ghesquierei; 14: I. perrierii.Click here for fileMonodoraVariation of bioclim variables BC1-6 for . Indicates the variation of bioclim variables BC1 to 6 for all sampled species in Monodora. West/Central African species 1: Monodora angolensis 2: M. crispata, 3: M. laurentii, 4: M. myristica, 5: M. tenuifolia, 6: M. undulata. East African species: 7: M. carolinae, 8: M. globiflora, 9: M. grandidieri, 10: M. hastipetala, 11: M. junodii, 12: M. minor, 13: M. stenopetala.Click here for fileMonodoraVariation of bioclim variables BC7-12 for . Indicates the variation of bioclim variables BC7 to 12 for all sampled species in Monodora. West/Central African species 1: Monodora angolensis 2: M. crispata, 3: M. laurentii, 4: M. myristica, 5: M. tenuifolia, 6: M. undulata. East African species: 7: M. carolinae, 8: M. globiflora, 9: M. grandidieri, 10: M. hastipetala, 11: M. junodii, 12: M. minor, 13: M. stenopetala.Click here for fileMonodoraVariation of bioclim variables BC13-18 for . Indicates the variation of bioclim variables BC7 to 12 for all sampled species in Monodora. West/Central African species 1: Monodora angolensis 2: M. crispata, 3: M. laurentii, 4: M. myristica, 5: M. tenuifolia, 6: M. undulata. East African species: 7: M. carolinae, 8: M. globiflora, 9: M. grandidieri, 10: M. hastipetala, 11: M. junodii, 12: M. minor, 13: M. stenopetala.Click here for fileMonodoraVariation of bioclim variable BC19 for . Indicates the variation of bioclim variable BC19 for all sampled species in Monodora. West/Central African species 1: Monodora angolensis 2: M. crispata, 3: M. laurentii, 4: M. myristica, 5: M. tenuifolia, 6: M. undulata. East African species: 7: M. carolinae, 8: M. globiflora, 9: M. grandidieri, 10: M. hastipetala, 11: M. junodii, 12: M. minor, 13: M. stenopetala.Click here for fileSpecies values. Indicates the number of unique data points as well as several ENM parameters for each species sampled in the molecular phylogeny used to generate the ENM. Bold values indicate species for which there were fewer than 8 unique data points.Click here for fileIsolona speciesPotential distribution of . Shows the rest of the models generated for Isolona species.Click here for fileMonodora speciesPotential distribution of . Shows the rest of the models generated for Monodora species.Click here for fileMonodora and Isolona speciesPotential distribution of the two last . Shows the rest of the models generated for Monodora and Isolona species.Click here for fileIsolonaDistribution of species in . Shows the geographical location of all data points for each species used in this study.Click here for fileIsolonaDistribution of species in . Shows the geographical location of all data points for each species used in this study.Click here for fileIsolona (continue from sup file 1) and MonodoraDistribution of species in . Shows the geographical location of all data points for each species used in this study.Click here for fileMonodora (continue from sup file 2)Distribution of species in . Shows the geographical location of all data points for each species used in this study.Click here for fileMonodora (continue from sup file 3)Distribution of species in . Shows the geographical location of all data points for each species used in this study.Click here for fileMonodora (continue from sup file 4)Distribution of species in . Shows the geographical location of all data points for each species used in this study.Click here for file


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2011) 106, 133–140; doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.504Upon publication of this paper earlier in Volume 106, the authors noticed an error in The authors would like to apologise for this error.


There was an error in the title of the article. The correct version of the title in the article is: Topographical Body Fat Distribution Links to Amino Acid and Lipid Metabolism in Healthy Obese WomenThe correct citation is: Martin F-PJ, Montoliu I, Collino S, Scherer M, Guy P, et al. (2013) Topographical Body Fat Distribution Links to Amino Acid and Lipid Metabolism in Healthy Obese Women. PLoS ONE 8(9): e73445. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073445


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2010) 103, 1128–1135; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605838During the final correction of the above paper prior to its publication in late 2010, an error was introduced in The publishers apologise for this mistake.


The middle initial is missing from the second author's name in the byline and citation. The correct spelling is: John S. DaviesThe correct citation is: Cleveland SB, Davies JS, McClure MA (2011) A Bioinformatics Approach to the Structure, Function, and Evolution of the Nucleoprotein of the Order Mononegavirales. PLoS ONE 6(5): e19275. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019275


To the Editor:Sapovirus is the distinct genus within the family Caliciviridae; these viruses cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide . By using multiplex reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 2 groups of diarrheal viruses were identified. The first group included astrovirus, norovirus, and sapovirus; the second group included rotavirus and adenovirus (http://sray.med.som.jhmi.edu/SCRoftware/simplot), the recombination site was identified at the polymerase-capsid junction. Before this junction, sequences of HU/5862/Osaka/JP and Sapporo/82 were highly homologous. However, homology between them was notably different after the junction, with a sudden drop in the identity for HU/5862/Osaka/JP. By using ClustalX, HU/5862/Osaka/JP shared a 96% identity in polymerase sequence and an 85% identity in capsid sequence with Sapporo/82. In contrast, homology was 99% in the capsid region between HU/5862/Osaka/JP and 8/DCC/Tokyo/JP/44. Since a polymerase sequence of 8/DCC/Tokyo/JP/44 was not available in GenBank because of the unsuccessful amplification, homology in the polymerase region between HU/5862/Osaka/JP and 8/DCC/Tokyo/JP/44 was unknown.The fecal specimen was positive for sapovirus. HU/5862/Osaka/JP clustered into the genogroup I genotype 8 (GI/8 the 8/DCC/Tokyo/JP/44 cluster)  by usingAltogether, the findings underscored that HU/5862/Osaka/JP represented a novel, naturally occurring, recombinant sapovirus with GI/8 capsid and GI/1 polymerase. To determine whether the child was infected with this novel recombinant sapovirus or whether the novel recombinant sapovirus resulted from co-infection with 2 different viruses, Svppo (Sapporo/82-specific primer), Svdcc (8/DCC/Tokyo/JP/44-specific primer), and SLV5749 were used to amplify the capsid region (,Even though many molecular epidemiologic studies on sapovirus infection have been performed worldwide, reports documenting recombination in sapovirus are still limited. The first recombinant sapovirus identified was the Thai isolate Mc10 or the Japanese isolate C12 (In recent studies of sapovirus recombination, evidence for the location of the recombination event is lacking because of the distant geographic relationship of parent and progeny strains. HU/5862/Osaka/JP shared the closest sequences of polymerase and capsid with Sapporo/82 and 8/DCC/Tokyo/JP/44, respectively. Sapporo/82 was first isolated in 1982, and 8/DCC/Tokyo/JP/44 was isolated in 2000, both in Japan. Possibly, Sapporo/82 and 8/DCC/Tokyo/JP/44 were parental strains of HU/5862/Osaka/JP, and the event leading to the novel recombination might have occurred in Japan.The capsid region was used for genotype classification of sapovirus (


The name of the second author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Jean Michel Brunel. The correct citation is: Khelaifia S, Brunel JM, Drancourt M (2013) In-Vitro Archaeacidal Activity of Biocides against Human-Associated Archaea. PLoS ONE 8(5): e62738. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062738. The name is correctly reflected in the abbreviation in Contributions as it is.


The word "Leishmaniasis" is misspelled in the title. The correct title is: Monitoring Toxicity Associated with Parenteral Sodium Stibogluconate in the Day-Case Management of Returned Travellers with New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. The correct citation is: Wise ES, Armstrong MS, Watson J, Lockwood DN (2012) Monitoring Toxicity Associated with Parenteral Sodium Stibogluconate in the Day-Case Management of Returned Travellers with New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6(6): e1688. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001688


The correct title and legend of Figure 2 presently appears with Figure 3. The correct, complete Figure 2 legend and title are:Time to resolution of viraemia.Kaplan – Meier survival analysis of time to resolution of plasma viraemia by treatment group (CQ or placebo) and population; A) Intention to treat population and B) Per Protocol population.doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000785.g003


Acta Cryst. (2012), E68, m1025.Corrigendum to  Acta Cryst. (2012), E68, m1025] is corrected.The author list in the paper by Mafud [ In the paper by Mafud (2012)


Cryptococcus gattii, British Columbia, Canada, 1999–2007 . The article has been corrected online (www.cdc.gov/eid/content/16/2/251.htm).Some data were listed incorrectly in Table 1 and the text in the article Epidemiology of


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2011) 104, 229–234; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6606009Upon publication in early 2011, the authors noted the omission of an Acknowledgments section that they had intended to include. This is now included in full, below. The authors apologise for the original omission.


As a result of issues in the production process, there was an error in the name of the first author.The correct name of this author is: Leonardo Vieira NetoZAC1 and SSTR2 Are Downregulated in Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas but Not in somatotropinomas. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77406. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077406 The correct citation is: Vieira Neto L, Wildemberg LE, Colli LM, Kasuki L, Marques NV, et al. (2013)


The word "Protozoans" is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: On the Evolution of Hexose Transporters in Kinetoplastid Protozoans. The correct citation is: Pereira CA, Silber AM (2012) On the Evolution of Hexose Transporters in Kinetoplastid Protozoans. PLoS ONE 7(5): e36303. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036303


There was a typographical error in the title and citation. The correct title is: Phenology of Scramble Polygyny in a Wild Population of Chrysomelid Beetles: The Opportunity for and the Strength of Sexual Selection. The correct citation is:Baena ML, Macías-Ordóñez R (2012) Phenology of Scramble Polygyny in a Wild Population of Chrysomelid Beetles: The Opportunity for and the Strength of Sexual Selection. PLoS ONE 7(6): e38315. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038315


There was an error in the funding statement. The correct funding information is:http://www.cancerforskningsfond-umea.lions.se/), Umeå University, Sweden (LP 09-1799). Funding for the Me-Can project was obtained from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF UK) (http://www.wcrf-uk.org/) for grant 2007/09 and from Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WCRF NL) (http://www.wcrf.nl/) for grant R2010/247, as part of the WCRF International grant programme, and the Swedish Cancer Foundation (http://www.cancerfonden.se/sv/Information-in-English/)(2010/628). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.This study was supported by grants from Lion's Cancer Research Foundation (


The word "Level" is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Associations between Perceived HIV Stigma and Quality of Life at the Dyadic Level: The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. The correct citation is: Liu H, Xu Y, Lin X, Shi J, Chen S (2013) Associations between Perceived HIV Stigma and Quality of Life at the Dyadic Level: The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. PLoS ONE 8(2): e55680. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055680


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2011) 105, 682–686; doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.276During the final editing of the above paper before its publication, errors were, unfortunately, introduced in equations 5 and 7. In both the equations, a minus sign had been deleted. The correct equations are now shown below.The authors and publishers apologise for any inconvenience this may have caused.


The name of the fourth author is incorrect. The correct name is: Masashi Kantake.The correct citation is: Jujo T, Sakao S, Tsukahara M, Kantake M, Maruoka M, et al. (2014) The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase in the Intimal Sarcoma-Like Cells Derived from Endarterectomized Tissues from a Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Patient. PLoS ONE 9(1): e87489. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087489.The correct abbreviation of the fourth author's name in the Author Contributions statement is: MK.


There was an error in the article title. The correct title is: "Testosterone Levels Are Negatively Associated with Fatherhood in Males, but Positively Related to Offspring Count in Fathers." The correct citation is: Pollet TV, Cobey KD, van der Meij L (2013) Testosterone Levels Are Negatively Associated with Fatherhood in Males, but Positively Related to Offspring Count in Fathers. PLoS ONE 8(4): e60018. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060018.


The name of the third author was incorrect. The correct name is: Thorhallur I Halldorsson.The correct citation is: Danielsen I, Granström C, Halldorsson TI, Rytter D, Hammer Bech B, et al. (2013) Dietary Glycemic Index during Pregnancy Is Associated with Biomarkers of the Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring at Age 20 Years. PLoS ONE 8(5): e64887. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064887.The correct abbreviation in Contributions is: TIH.


Correction #1: Error in figure order. The images for Figures 7 and 8 were incorrectly switched. The image that appears as Figure 7 should be Figure 8, and the image that appears as Figure 8 should be Figure 7. The figure legends appear in the correct order.Correction #2: Error in Figure 1 legend.There is an error in the Figure 1 legend. The correct legend for Figure 1 is:1A and 1B: overlaid time courses of summarized microarray fluorescence for each yeast gene, as the of the mean-ratio , for the 0.7 h [11] and 5 h [10] period datasets, respectively. The bottom two panels show cluster averages for consensus and background clusters. The top panel shows the time courses of the dissolved O2 trace (DOT) in the culture medium in percent of the saturated concentration. Cluster colors and sizes (number of genes in each cluster) are given in the legend in Figure 1C. For clarity of visualization the time course data was normalized to a reference set that was selected for significant lack of oscillation . Individual time courses for each cluster are plotted in Figure S2. 1D: phase-phase plot comparing the phase-angles of all transcripts in the two experiments. The phase angles were shifted such that cluster A phase angles are just above 0° in both datasets. Mapping back from frequency- to time-domain, we can locate the shifted phase angles of one cycle (0° and 360°) in the time series plot , and use the same mapping in the top and right axes (in gray) of the phase-phase plot. The x- and y-extensions of each point scale with the transcript’s scaled amplitude in the respective dataset, where the non-consensus clusters (lower case letters) have a smaller initial size. Dataset S1 provides raw summarized microarray intensities, and the clustering of all analyzed yeast genes.Correction #3: Errors in multiple URLs.There are several links in this article that are incorrect. The correct versions of these links are:The correct link found in the Genome Data Sources of the Discussion section is:http://www.tbi.univie.ac.at/~raim/data/2011/yeast/clusters/geneData.tar.gz [^] [^]The correct link found in the last paragraph of the Statistical DNA Profiles (SDP) section is:http://www.tbi.univie.ac.at/~raim/data/2011/yeast/clusters/geneData.tar.gz [^] [^]The correct links found in the Table S8 Supporting Information section are:http://www.tbi.univie.ac.at/~raim/data/2011/yeast/clusters/geneData.tar.gz [^] [^]andhttp://www.tbi.univie.ac.at/~raim/data/2011/yeast/clusters/ [^] [^]


The third author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Zainularifeen Abduljaleel. The correct citation is:Alanazi M, Pathan AAK, Abduljaleel Z, Shaik JP, Alabdulkarim HA, et al. (2013) Association between PARP-1 V762A Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Susceptibility in Saudi Population. PLoS ONE 8(12): e85541. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085541There is also an error in the second sentence of the Materials and Methods section. Patients included in the study had breast cancer, not cardiovascular disease. The correct sentence reads: These encompassed 99 patients with breast cancer and 96 healthy controls.


There was an error in the title of the article.Apostichopus japonicusThe correct title is: RNA-Seq Reveals Dynamic Changes of Gene Expression in Key Stages of Intestine Regeneration in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. PLoS ONE 8(8): e69441. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069441 The correct citation is: Sun L, Yang H, Chen M, Ma D, Lin C (2013) RNA-Seq Reveals Dynamic Changes of Gene Expression in Key Stages of Intestine Regeneration in the Sea Cucumber


Corrigenda for five articles. Acta Cryst. (2011a), E67, m1496; Acta Cryst. (2011b), E67, m1497; Acta Cryst. (2011c), E67, m1498] and Chiririwa & Muller .The affiliation of one of the authors and a source of funding are both added in the following papers: Chiririwa & Meijboom [


BN82451 is patented (Pätent portfolio made up of different family of patents: Novel of 2-(iminomethyl)amino-phenyl derivatives intermidiates; e.g. US6586454; 5-membered heterocycle derivatives: e.g. WO01/26656, WO2005/035510; Use of thiazole derivatives for preparing a medicament for protecting the mitochondria: e.g. WO 03/009843; Thiazoles derivatives for the treatment of dyskinesia: e.g. WO2007/006942 and Thiazoles derivatives for the treatment of restless legs syndrome: WO2007/006941) and is being developed by Ipsen. This does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.There is an error in the Competing Interests statement. The correct statement is: Co-authors Auguet M, Chabrier PE, Spinnewyn B are employed by IPSEN Innovation. The research reported in this manuscript has been funded in part by IPSEN Innovation (


There was an error in the funding statement. The correct funding information is:This research is supported by UM High Impact Research Grant UM-MOHE UM.C/HIR/MOHE/08 from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia and High Impact Research Grant UM.C/625/1/HIR/003/1 from the University of Malaya. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


MSM authors meant to be a check-list to adhere to in their submissions.This is a brief write-up for While writing, do look into the following:Abstract at the beginning [100-150 words].Add an Key Words after Abstract [4-6 key words from the text], separated by semi-colons.Add Author Affiliations, Correspondence address, and email id below Key Words.Add Introduction. Break the write-up into suitable paragraphs, with headings and subheadings as required.Start article with Flowchart of the paper, at the end of the write up but before Concluding Remarks, as a figure that includes salient features of the paper and its important findings, so readers can get a pictorial overview of the paper and the thought as it flows through the text. This helps both the reader understand the author and helps the author clarify his thoughts, both for the reader, and most importantly, for himself. For flowchart, see any MSM paper 2010 onwards.Add Concluding Remarks [100-150 words in 1-2 paragraphs which conclude the arguments and put things in a nutshell for the reader].Add Take Home message [3-4 lines] after concluding remarks. Take home should be the absolute gist of the paper and less than concluding remarks.Add Conflict of Interest [COI] statement, if any, after Take Home message .Add Declaration that it is your original unpublished work, not submitted for publication elsewhere.Add acknowledgements, if any, after DeclarationAdd Points 1-10 are mandatory requirements for any paper, including my own.Why Concluding remarks and Take Home?The reason why we insist on Concluding remarks and Take Home is to present the final summary and absolute gist of the paper toEncourage the reader to give the paper a second read.Re-understand the paper in a clearer manner after reading it the first time: often so many ideas are presented in the text of the paper that the reader may be drowned in attempting to make sense; Concluding remarks and Take home message help a reader get a clearer grasp.Start the first reading of the paper with some grounding in what the paper is trying to essentially say.Help clarify the author’s thoughts to himself.All these methods make the author intelligible, the paper readable, and the thoughts digestible.Questions that the Paper Raises , after Acknowledgement/ Declaration.Add About the author with a recent high-resolution jpg photo to go along with your write-up, after Questions that the Paper RaisesAdd 100-150 words References in Modified Harvard style  after About the author.Add Full length article: A paper may ordinarily not be more than 4500 words, complete with an abstract (150 words maximum), introduction and concluding remarks (150 words maximum). Each Article may contain not more than 30 references, 50% of which are 2000 AD or after. [This is so that recent work does not go unnoticed.]Editorial: An editorial may ordinarily not be more than 2500 words with max 30 references [50% of which are 2000 or later].Feature and Communications: Musings max 1500 words. Reflections, The Looking Mirror max 2500 words, with 20 references [50% 2000 or later]. Letters to editor word limit is 1000 words. MSM Book review word limit is 2000 words.Microsoft WORD, Times New Roman 12pt font size.All submissions in Review: Submissions are subject to editorial and peer review.Deadlines: Authors are advised to stick to deadlines of submissions strictly. As also carry out editorial corrections and peer review modifications as per time schedule given by the editorial office as follows: [The deadline for this submission is: …]ReferencesAuthors must check authenticity of references and other facts quoted before submission. They must specially check that all references in text are included in reference list, and vice versa. No reference not in text should occur in the reference list. Do not prepare a separate Bibliography or Internet Citation list. They should be incorporated in the reference list itself, and only if quoted in the text.et al., 2011).In the text, references should occur with only surnames, and in the following form e.g. for one name ; for two names ; for more than 2 names  and (b) maybe used after the year of publication. For example:Woodruff T., (2004a), Letters: The medical profession and the pharmaceutical industry: when will we open our eyes? eMJA, 181(8), p458-459.Woodruff T.G., (2004b), Pharmaceutical marketing, the PBS, and patient care, New Doctor, 81, p21-22.For Editorials:Angell M., (2000), Is Academic Medicine for Sale? , N Engl J Med, 342(20), p1516-1518.For Papers:iii.a. For a single authorSchafer A., (2004), Biomedical conflicts of interest: a defence of the sequestration thesis-learning from the cases of Nancy Olivieri and David Healy, J Med Ethics, 30, p8-24.et al may be used only after naming 6 authors]iii.b. For more than one author , The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Vol 5 & 6, p343. New York: Macmillan.iv.e. Where a book in translatedHeidegger M., (1927/1962), Being and Time (Sein und Zeit). Translated by J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson. New York: Harper and Row.iv.f. Where an older book is republishedHeidegger M., (1927/1962), Being and Time (Sein und Zeit). Translated by J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson. New York: Harper and Row.iv.g. Where a book has been editedFlew A., (Ed.) (1983), A Dictionary of Philosophy. London: Pan Books in association with The Macmillan Press.iv.h Where a book has been edited by someone other than the authorHume D., (1739/1888), A Treatise of Human Nature. (Ed.) L Selby-Bigge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.iv.i. Where a book has been published by 2 publishersFlew A., , A Dictionary of Philosophy. London: Pan Books in association with The Macmillan Press.iv.j. Where a book is published by one but reprinted by anotherJames W., (1890/1999), The Principles of Psychology. Ch 9. (2 vols.). New York: Henry Holt .For Web References:National Institute of Mental Health, (2011), Schizophrenia. Available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml [Accessed 20 Dec 2010.].For News Paper/Magazine Articles:Harris G., (2004), As doctor writes prescription, drug company writes a check, New York Timesc, June 27, A1.Personal communicationsPersonal communication may not ordinarily be quoted as a reference. If at all done, it should be with the written permission of the communicator.Copyright21. Mens Sana Monographs. However, authors are permitted to disseminate their published work for non-commercial purposes freely by post or electronic means, and to put it up on their personal/institutional web sites for the information and knowledge of their viewers and fellow researchers, with due acknowledgement of the original source of publication (MSM). Authors should contact and obtain permission from MSM if they intend publication of their work in any other form later. Such requests are ordinarily granted on due acknowledgement of publication in MSM.Copyright of material published rests with the Typical Paper, Editorial, and other submissions22. For a typical paper, seehttp://www.msmonographs.org/article.asp?issn=0973-1229;year=2009;volume=7;issue=1;spage=10;epage=19;aulast=ChadwickAnd/orhttp://www.msmonographs.org/article.asp?issn=0973-1229;year=2010;volume=8;issue=1;spage=30;epage=51;aulast=VarmaFor a typical editorial, seehttp://www.msmonographs.org/article.asp?issn=0973-1229;year=2010;volume=8;issue=1;spage=6;epage=16;aulast=SchwartzFor a typical Book review, seehttp://www.msmonographs.org/article.asp?issn=0973-1229;year=2010;volume=8;issue=1;spage=146;epage=150;aulast=AndradeMSM Poem, seeFor typical http://www.msmonographs.org/article.asp?issn=0973-1229;year=2008;volume=6;issue=1;spage=277;epage=278;aulast=BrennerFor a typical Journalology article, seehttp://www.msmonographs.org/article.asp?issn=0973-1229;year=2008;volume=6;issue=1;spage=226;epage=236;aulast=HoeyFor a typical article in the Looking Glass, seehttp://www.msmonographs.org/article.asp?issn=0973-1229;year=2008;volume=6;issue=1;spage=41;epage=47;aulast=GilmanFor a typical article in Reflections, seehttp://www.msmonographs.org/article.asp?issn=0973-1229;year=2008;volume=6;issue=1;spage=135;epage=145;aulast=NarlikarFor a typical article in Musings, seehttp://www.msmonographs.org/article.asp?issn=0973-1229;year=2008;volume=6;issue=1;spage=131;epage=134;aulast=ArnoldFor typical obituary, seehttp://www.msmonographs.org/article.asp?issn=0973-1229;year=2008;volume=6;issue=1;spage=281;epage=284;aulast=RavehBest wishes.


The name of the third author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Duolao Wang. The correct citation is: Gao W, Yan H, Wang D, Dang S, Pei L (2013) Severity of Anemia among Children under 36 Months Old in Rural Western China. PLoS ONE 8(4): e62883. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062883.In addition, the first sentence in Contributions was incorrectly separated into two sentences. The correct sentence is: "Conceived and designed the experiments: WG SD LP."


LCH is the rare disease involving clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, abnormal cells deriving from bone marrow and capable of migrating from skin to lymph nodes. The clinical presentation of LCH may occur in multiple organs: bone, skin, lymph nodes or pituitary gland, but clinical presentation of LCH rarely occurs in multiple endocrine systems.We presented a special case who was diagnosed with LCH and presentation of LCH occurred in multiple systems: pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal gland.A 11 years old girl was hospitalized for lump on the neck. Past history: one year ago, she was diagnosed with autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes and treated with hormone replacement . Physical examination showed: she had a swollen lump on her neck, she had a temperature of 38° C. She had no polyuria, no polydipsia. Her height was 141cm (-0.29 SD); her weight was 37 kg; her BMI was 18.5 (50th – 70th) .She had normal growth velocity and normal pubertal development. Laboratory evaluation revealed : WBC : 10.3 × 109 /l  ; CRP : 105.78 mg/l ; serum cortisol at 8 a.m : 16.3 nmol/l ; T3 : 1.8 nmol/l , T4 : 135.9 nmol/l , TSH : 0.002 mUI/ml ; blood osmotic pressure : 279 moms/kg, urinary osmotic pressure : 127 mosm/kg; plasma glucose level and electrolyte were normal. An MRI of brain showed: thickened pituitary stalk. A biopsy of the lump on her neck showed: features of Langerhans Cell; skeletal and long bone radiograph showed no osteolytic lesion.She was treated with hormone replacement and chemotherapy.Written informed consent was obtained from the patient's parent or guardian for publication of this Case report (and any accompanying images). A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.


The correct citation is: Llibre JM, Raffi F, Moyle G, Behrens G, Bouee S, Reilly G, et al. (2016) An Indirect Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Abacavir/Lamivudine + Dolutegravir in Initial Therapy. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0155406. doi:The Abstract is missing a sentence at the end of the “Results” subheading. The additional sentence is: In an indirect comparison, we found no statistically significant differences in efficacy, serious adverse events, drug related adverse events, drug related serious adverse events, death or selection of viral resistance between E/C/F/TDF and ABC/3TC + DTG in initial therapy.There are numerical errors in the second sentence of the first paragraph in the Results section under the subheading “Virological failure and resistance.” The correct sentence is: In GS-US-236-0102, 7% of patients on E/C/F/TDF and 10% of subjects on EFV/FTC/TDF were considered virological failures at week 144, while in SINGLE, rates were 9% and 8% for ABC/3TC + DTG and EFV/FTC/TDF, respectively.There are errors in the first two sentences of the Conclusion. The correct sentences are: With the limitation that we did not perform a systematic review we can conclude that: The indirect efficacy comparisons do not show significant differences between E/C/F/TDF and ABC/3TC + DTG. For efficacy, the difference between both regimens at week 48, 96 and 144 were small and not statistically significant; Resistance and all safety results (except for discontinuation due adverse events) also do not show significant differences between the 2 regimens.The captions for Figs 3, 4 and 5 appear incorrectly in the published article. Please see Figs


Nature Communications6: Article number: 10106 10.1038/ncomms10106 (2015); Published: 12032015; Updated: 03032016The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Jennifer S. Stevens, which was incorrectly given as Jennifer J. Stevens. Furthermore, in Fig. 5, the titles for panels a and b were inadvertently switched. Both of these errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Correction to:Cell Discovery (2015) 1, 15005; doi:10.1038/celldisc.2015.5; published online 19 May 2015During web production, there was an error in Supplementary information: Supplementary Tables S1 and S2 were omitted. The files are now installed in the online version of the paper.We apologize for any inconvenience that may have been caused by this error.