This report documents the additions and revisions to the nomenclature of HLA specificities following the principles established in previous reports  methodology, where both alleles of a heterozygous individual are sequenced together, is insufficient evidence for assignment of an official designation.Sequence derived solely from the primers used to amplify an allele must not be included in the submitted sequence.Where possible, a novel sequence should be confirmed by typing of genomic DNA using a method such as PCR-SSOP or PCR-SSP. Where a new sequence contains either a novel mutation or a previously unseen combination of nucleotides (sequence motif), this must be confirmed by a DNA typing technique. This may require the use of newly designed probes or primers to cover the new mutation; these reagents should also be described.An accession number in a databank should have been obtained. Sequences may be submitted to the databases online at the following addresses:www.ebi.ac.uk/Submissions/index.htmlEMBL: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/submit.htmlGenBank: www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/sub-e.htmlDDBJ: Full-length sequences are preferable though not essential; the minimum requirements are complete exons 2 and 3 for an HLA class I sequence and complete exon 2 for an HLA class II sequence.Where a novel sequence differs only within an intron or other non-coding part of the gene, a full-length sequence must be obtained, which covers all coding and non-coding regions. In the absence of a full-length genomic sequence from the most closely related allele that is identical in its exon sequence, it may be required that this also be sequenced and submitted before a name can be assigned to the novel sequence.Where possible, a paper in which the new sequence is described should be submitted for publication. Copies of draft publications can be submitted to the database by email or FAX.Sequences derived solely from tumour material will not be considered for nomenclature.HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 genes should be submitted for the material in which a novel allele has been defined. In addition the sample should have been characterised for the second allele at the locus of interest in a heterozygous individual.The complete HLA type for the DNA or other material, preferably cell lines, should, wherever possible, be made available in a publicly accessible repository or alternatively, at least in the originating laboratory. The WHO Nomenclature Committee will maintain documentation on this material.www.ebi.ac.uk/imgt/hla/subs/submit.html. Researchers are expected to complete a questionnaire relating to the sequence and provide a comparison of their new sequence with known related alleles. If the sequence cannot be submitted using the online web tools, researchers should contact hla@alleles.org directly for details of alternative submission methods.Submission of a sequence to the WHO Nomenclature Committee should be performed using the online submission tool available at Although at present it is only a recommendation that full-length sequences of the coding region of novel alleles be submitted it was widely felt that in the future this should become a requirement for submission. Such requirement would remove many of the currently encountered ambiguities in the assignment of names to alleles for which partial sequences have been submitted and should not be burdensome as sequencing techniques have improved substantially since the submission conditions were first devised. In cases where novel mutations or polymorphisms are detected in non-coding regions of the gene, it will be a requirement that full-length sequences be submitted of both the novel allele and its most closely related allele.It should be noted with some caution that cells from which only partial sequences have been obtained may later be shown to have different or novel alleles when further sequencing is performed. This is of particular importance in cases where partial sequences of what appears to be the same allele have been obtained from several different cells. In such cases, all cells studied have been listed in this report.Current practice is that official designations will be promptly assigned to newly described alleles in periods between Nomenclature Committee meetings, provided that the submitted data and its accompanying description meet the criteria outlined above. A list of the newly reported alleles is published each month in nomenclature updates in the journals Tissue Antigens, Human Immunology and the International Journal of Immunogenetics. The listing of references to new sequences does not imply priority of publication. The use of numbers or names for alleles, genes or specificities which pre-empt assignment of official designations by the Nomenclature Committee is strongly discouraged.The list of those genes in the HLA region considered by the WHO Nomenclature Committee is given in b. New Allele SequencesHLA-A, 913 HLA-B, 446 HLA-C, four HLA-E, 19 HLA-F, 31 HLA-G, 12 HLA-H, nine HLA-J, six HLA-K, five HLA-L, four HLA-P and three HLA-V alleles were named, making a total of 3249 class I alleles with official names. For HLA class II, 368 HLA-DRB1, 12 HLA-DRB3, one HLA-DRB4, one HLA-DRB5, seven HLA-DQA1, 45 HLA-DQB1, six HLA-DPA1, 22 HLA-DPB1, one HLA-DMB and four HLA-DOA alleles were named, making a total of 1198 class II alleles with official names. Eleven MICA alleles were named bringing their total to 68 and 12 MICB alleles bringing their total to 30 alleles, see st December 2009 is given in A total of 2558 HLA alleles have been named since the last report A*30:14L was named. The allele has a mutation in codon 164 encoding a cysteine residue contributing to a structurally critical disulphide bond in the α2 domain of the HLA molecule. Expression studies performed on cells with this allele showed its protein to have a much-reduced expression compared to normal, and the allele name was thus given the suffix ‘L’ to indicate this low expression. Since then several other alleles have been reported that have also lost one of the two cysteine residues (position 101 and 164) that form the α2 domain disulphide bond. It has not, however, been possible to ascertain the expression status of these alleles, due to a lack of viable material. The Nomenclature Committee considered the naming of these alleles during the 14th HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop. As a result of these discussions, it was decided to introduce an additional suffix, Q, to indicate a ‘Questionable’ expression level. The first seven alleles to receive this suffix have been named and are included in this report, A*23:19Q, A*32:11Q, B*13:08Q, B*35:65Q, B*39:38Q, C*02:25Q and C*03:22Q. It is anticipated that when further examples of these alleles are described, their expression status will be determined and the suffix changed accordingly.In February 2005 the allele HLA-DRB1*03, *11, *13, *14 and *08 family of alleles, for which the description of new alleles has revealed a continuum of allelic diversity rather than five discrete sub-families. It should be stressed that, although a goal is to indicate the serological grouping into which an allele will fall, this is not always possible. Most importantly the allele name should be seen as no more than a unique designation.As the database of HLA allele sequences has expanded, it has become increasingly difficult to maintain consistent linkage between allele names assigned on the basis of nucleotide sequences and the serological profiles of the encoded proteins. These difficulties are in part technological and in part due to the inherent biological properties of the HLA system. In the first category there is the increasing emphasis on DNA technology and consequent lack of a serological description for many newly discovered HLA alleles. In the second category is the finding that a newly defined antigen does not comfortably fit within any known serological grouping. This is especially true of the th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop in 2005 having been clearly identified as a novel antigen in a number of UCLA cell exchanges.Where this information is known, lists of the serological specificities or antigens associated with the alleles, is given in The convention of using a four-digit code to distinguish HLA alleles that differ in the proteins they encode was introduced in the 1987 Nomenclature Report The first two digits describe the allele family, which often corresponds to the serological antigen carried by the allotype. The third and fourth digits are assigned in the order in which the sequences have been determined. Alleles whose numbers differ in the first four digits must differ by one or more nucleotide substitutions that change the amino-acid sequence of the encoded protein. Alleles that differ only by synonymous nucleotide substitutions within the coding sequence are distinguished by the use of the fifth and sixth digits. Alleles that only differ by sequence polymorphisms in introns or in the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions that flank the exons and introns are distinguished by the use of the seventh and eight digits.A*02 and B*15 allele families having more than 100 alleles A*92 and B*95 respectively. For HLA-DPB1 alleles, it was decided to assign new alleles within the existing system, hence once DPB1*9901 had been assigned, the next allele would be assigned DPB1*0102, followed by DPB1*0203, DPB1*0302 etc.In 2002 we faced the issue of the When these conventions were adopted it was anticipated that the nomenclature system would accommodate all the HLA alleles likely to be sequenced. Unfortunately this is not the case, as the number of alleles for certain genes is fast approaching the maximum possible with the current naming convention.With the ever increasing number of HLA alleles described it has been decided to introduce colons (:) into the allele names to act as delimiters of the separate fields. To facilitate the transition from the old to the new nomenclature, a single leading zero must be added to all fields containing the values 1 to 9 but beyond that no leading zeros are allowed. This will help to lessen any confusion in the conversion to the new style of nomenclature.HenceA*01010101 becomes A*01:01:01:01A*02010102L becomes A*02:01:01:02LA*260101 becomes A*26:01:01A*3301 becomes A*33:01B*0808N becomes B*08:08NDRB1*01010101 becomes DRB1*01:01:01:01A*02 and B*15 groups it will be possible to encode these in a single series. Thus the A*92 and B*95 alleles have now been renamed in to the A*02 and B*15 allele series. For example:For allele families that have more than 100 alleles such as the A*9201 becomes A*02:101A*9202 becomes A*02:102A*9203 becomes A*02:103 etcB*9501 becomes B*15:101B*9502 becomes B*15:102B*9503 becomes B*15:103 etcA*02:100 and B*15:100 will not be assigned. In cases of other allele families where the number of alleles reaches 100 these will be numbered sequentially, for example A*24:99 will be followed by A*24:100.The names DPB1 allele names that have been previously assigned names within the existing system have also be renamed, for example:The DPB1*0102 becomes DPB1*100:01DPB1*0203 becomes DPB1*101:01DPB1*0302 becomes DPB1*102:01DPB1*0403 becomes DPB1*103:01DPB1*0502 becomes DPB1*104:01 etcHLA-C allele names, but will be retained in the HLA-C antigen names, to avoid confusion with the factors of the complement system and epitopes on the HLA-C molecule often termed C1 and C2 that act as ligands for the Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors.The ‘w’ will be removed from the Cw*0103 becomes C*01:03Cw*020201 becomes C*02:02:01Cw*07020101 becomes C*07:02:01:01 etcwww.ebi.ac.uk/imgt/hla)  , 28 and The level of resolution achieved by many of the HLA typing technologies employed today does not always allow for a single HLA allele to be unambiguously assigned. Often it is only possible to resolve the presence of a number of closely related alleles. This is referred to as an ambiguous ‘string’ of alleles. In addition, typing strategies are frequently aimed at resolving alleles that encode differences within the peptide binding domains, but fail to exclude those that differ elsewhere. For some purposes it is helpful to provide codes that aid the reporting of certain ambiguous alleles ‘strings’. The decision was taken to introduce codes to allow for the easy reporting of:a. HLA alleles that encode for identical peptide binding domainsHLA alleles having nucleotide sequences that encode the same protein sequence for the peptide binding domains  will be designated by an upper case ‘P’ which follows the allele designation of the lowest numbered allele in the group.For example the string of allele names below share the same α1 and α2 domain protein sequence encoded by exons 2 and 3.A*02:01:01:01/A*02:01:01:02L/A*02:01:01:03/A*02:01:02/A*02:01:03/A*02:01:04/A*02:01:05/A*02:01:06/A*02:01:07/A*02:01:08/A*02:01:09/A*02:01:10/A*02:01:11/ A*02:01:12/A*02:01:13/A*02:01:14/A*02:01:15/A*02:01:17/A*02:01:18/A*02:01:19/A*02:01:21/A*02:01:22/A*02:01:23/A*02:01:24/A*02:01:25/A*02:01:26/A*02:01:27/ A*02:01:28/A*02:01:29/A*02:01:30/A*02:01:31/A*02:01:32/A*02:01:33/A*02:01:34/A*02:01:35/A*02:01:36/A*02:01:37/A*02:01:38/A*02:01:39/A*02:01:40/A*02:01:41/ A*02:01:42/A*02:09/A*02:66/A*02:75/A*02:89/A*02:97:01/ A*02:97:02/A*02:132/A*02:134/A*02:140A*02:01PThis string can be reduced to b. HLA alleles that share identical nucleotide sequences for the exons encoding the peptide binding domainsHLA alleles that have identical nucleotide sequences for the exons encoding the peptide binding domains  will be designated by an upper case ‘G’ which follows the allele designation of the lowest numbered allele in the group.For example the string shown below consists of alleles that have identical nucleotide sequences in exons 2 and 3.A*02:01:01:01/A*02:01:01:02L/A*02:01:01:03/A*02:01:08/A*02:01:11/A*02:01:14/A*02:01:15/A*02:01:21/A*02:09/A*02:43N/A*02:66/A*02:75/A*02:83N/A*02:89/A*02:97:01/A*02:97:02/A*02:132/A*02:134/A*02:140A*02:01:01GThis string can be reduced to www.ebi.ac.uk/imgt/hla) (These reporting codes will be implemented in April 2010 and will be made available through the IMGT/HLA Database (mgt/hla) , 28 and HLA-A gene, for example A*03:01 and the expressed protein product of the same gene A*03:01.Discussions took place on the use of nomenclature for defining HLA allele sequences at the gene and protein level. The committee recommended the use of standard genetic nomenclature where gene symbols are in uppercase and italicised and protein symbols are the same as the gene symbols but are not italicised. Using this approach it is possible to discriminate between an allele of the Additionally it was recommended that when reporting an ambiguous string of HLA alleles, a forward slash (/) should be used as the separator to indicate ‘or’. When reporting genotypes it was recommended to use a comma  to indicate ‘and’. Hence an HLA type may be reported as:A*02:01/02:09, 03:01; B*07:02, 15:02/15:73; C*03:03, 07:02www.ebi.ac.uk/imgt/hla.The IMGT/HLA Sequence Database continues to act as the official repository for HLA sequences named by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System , 28. TheThe IMGT/HLA Database is currently supported by the following organisations: Histogenetics, Abbott, Biotest, Invitrogen, One Lambda, Olerup SSP, Gen-Probe, The Anthony Nolan Trust (ANT), The American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (ASHI), The European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI), Innogenetics, BAG Healthcare, Be the Match Foundation and the National Marrow Donor Program.


The first author's name appears incorrectly. It should read: Boris V. Schmid. The correct citation should read: Schmid BV, Keşmir C, de Boer RJ (2008) The Specificity and Polymorphism of the MHC Class I Prevents the Global Adaptation of HIV-1 to the Monomorphic Proteasome and TAP. PLoS ONE 3(10): e3525. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003525


British Journal of Cancer (2002) 87, 689–689. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600504www.bjcancer.comCancer Research UK© 2002 Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2002) 86, 1270. doi:10.1038/sj/bjc/6600232 The authors would like to thank InSight Ltd., Rehovot, Israel for providing them with the anti-heparanase antibody and heparanase cDNA used in the study.The mentioned reagents are proprietary of InSight.


There was an error in the title of the article. The correct title should read: Functional and Molecular Effects of Arginine Butyrate and Prednisone on Muscle and Heart in the Dystrophin Deficient mdx mice. The correct citation is: Guerron AD, Rawat R, Sali A, Spurney CF, Pistilli E, et al. (2010) Functional and Molecular Effects of Arginine Butyrate and Prednisone on Muscle and Heart in the Dystrophin Deficient mdx mice. PLoS ONE 5(6): e11220. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011220


Ma'i Suka: Individual, Familial, Cultural, and Environmental Stress Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Caregivers in American Samoa," which appeared in the July 2008 issue, was amended to include a footnote that was missing in the original publication. The footnote indicates that the column headed "Total Participants" includes 3 caregivers with diabetes. The changes were made June 25, 2008, and appear online at www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0101.htm.Table 2 in the article "Living With


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2004) 91, 1000. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602070Due to an error, the ISBN number of the book reviewed above was given incorrectly. The correct number is shown below:ISBN – 1588292282.


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2010) 103, 209-216; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605747Owing to an error during final correction of this paper, Figure 3 was incorrectly reproduced. The correct


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2003) 88, 502–509. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600797Unfortunately because of a typesetting error, Tables 1The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience this may have caused.


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2007) 96, 1293–1301. doi:10.1038/6603696In the abstract of the above paper, a peptide with correct sequence (TLMKKDKYTL) is mentioned. This sequence should also appear in The corrected


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2008) 98, 1586–1592. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604303During the correction process for this article, incorrect versions of the graphs contained in The corrected


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2009) 101, 441–451; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605186Owing to an error during the final correction of this paper, panels E and F in The correct panels 4E and 4F are reproduced below:


Acta Cryst. (2009), E65, o2008.Corrigendum to  Acta Cryst. (2009), E65, o2008] is corrected and the acknowledgements are updated.The list of authors in the paper by Zhi, Long, Chen & Ren [


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2006) 95, 363–365. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603250Owing to an author error, there was a mistake in the presentation of results in


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2003) 88, 613–623; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.66000681 The enzyme was prepared by the overexpression of biosynthetic arginine decarboxylase , who kindly provided the enzyme for CDN Wheatley


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2010) 102, 232–233. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605446Upon publication of this Letter to the Editor, it was noted that the affiliation for Dr Mark Nuijten had been presented incorrectly. The correct affiliation for Dr Nuijten is ‘Ars Accessus Medica in Amsterdam, Dorpsstraat 75 1546 LG, The Netherlands’.


El Mouzan et al. Prevalence of malnutrition in Saudi children: a community-based study. Ann Saudi Med 2010;30(5):381-385. PMID: 20697172. Some data in some of the tables (and the corresponding data in the text) are corrected as indicated. Changes are highlighted.


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2008) 99,, 1185–1190, doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604657The surname of Driss Ait Ouakrim was published incorrectly when this paper appeared in volume 99, issue 7. The author's name is given correctly, above.


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer 2003; 89 (S1), S9–S11 doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601078 Unfortunately, due to an error, the tables were omitted from the above article.All the three tables (The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience this error may have caused.


Correction for:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060265Welch DW, Rechisky EL, Melnychuk MC, Porter AD, Walters CJ, et al. (2008) Survival of migrating salmon smolts in large rivers with and without dams. PLoS Biol 6(10): e265 doi:In the legend below Table 1, the reference given at the end of the second sentence is incorrect. The sentence should read:“Annual survival (S) to the lowest listening line in the Fraser River, whole-river survival in the Columbia River (2006), and associated detection efficiencies (p) were calculated using the CJS model and program MARK [28]”


PLoS Pathog 3(4): e43. doi: PLoS Pathogens, volume 3, issue 4:In The funding statement for the above paper was incomplete. The full funding statement follows.Funding. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health . JDB is supported by K01 AI 066917 .


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2006) 95, 87–90. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603175P-values. The final sentence of the Results section should read:Owing to an author error, the final paragraph within the results section of this paper quoted erroneous P-values for trend: 0.199 and 0.043, for males and females, respectively).’‘Rates were somewhat higher in deprived areas, but this trend is only significant for females (


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2006) 96, 336–340. doi:10.1038/6603492British Journal of Cancer website (http://www.nature.com/bjc).Owing to a publishing error, part of the intended


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2009) 101, 1909–1918; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605405Upon publication of this paper in the last issue, an error was spotted in the clinical data in


Correction to Lindsay H, Yap VB, Ying H, Huttley GA: Pitfalls of the most commonly used models of context dependent substitution. Biology Direct 2008, 3:52 The published version of this article  includesScripts used in the study. Archive of stand-alone web site presenting the central scripts used in this study.Click here for file


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2003) 89, 1285–1289. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601208A couple of errors have been noted in Table 2The Publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience this may have caused.


Environ Health Perspect 118:20–32 (2010)], Orton et al. (2006) was cited on page 26 but was not included in the reference list. The reference is as follows:In the review by Rohr and McCoy [Rana pipiens. Environ Toxicol Chem 25:65–71.Orton F, Carr JA, Handy RD. 2006. Effects of nitrate and atrazine on larval development and sexual differentiation in the northern leopard frog


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2008) 97, 857–861, doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603942The authors of the above paper, first published in October 2007, would like to add the following acknowledgement to their paper:We thank Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC).


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2006) 94, 1853–1863. doi:10.1038/6603190Owing to a publishing error,


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2010) 103: 668–675; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605736Upon publication of the above paper in Volume 103, Issue 5, the authors noticed an error in The correct


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2004) 90, 1756–1759. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601763Due to an error, On page 1756 of this article, the second sentence in the Results section should read as follows:The incidence of hysterectomies with cervix removed increased from 2500 in 1991 to 2017 per million women in 1999.


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2007) 97, 73–84. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603835The authors of the above paper would like to add two author names to the list originally published in Volume 97, Number 1; the full author list is given above, including E Taoufik and E Probert.


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2006) 95, 1314–1320. doi: 10.1038/6603457Owing to an error on the author's part, the last named author (JY Shin) was omitted from the author listing when the paper was originally published. The full, correct author listing is now shown above.


Environ Health Perspect 118:A422–A423 (2010)], one reference cited in the text was inadvertently omitted from the reference list. The reference for Grulich et al. (2007) is as follows:In the editorial by Fontham and Trapido [Grulich AE, van Leeuwen MT, Falster MO, Vajdic CM. 2007. Incidence of cancers in people with HIV/AIDS compared with immunosuppressed transplant recipients: a meta-analysis. Lancet 370(9581):59–67.EHP apologizes for the error.


Acta Cryst. (2010), E66, o217.Corrigendum to  Acta Cryst. (2010), E66, o217] is corrected.The absolute configuration in the title of the paper by Wang, Zhang, Xu & Zhang [ The absolute configuration was established by anomalous-dispersion effects in diffraction measurements on the crystal. The revised scheme is shown below.         In the paper by Wang


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2006) 94, 1326–1332. doi:10.1038/6603101Owing to an author error, the incorrect


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2009) 101, 395–402; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605155Upon publication of this paper in Volume 101, the authors noticed an error in the legend of


There are errors in the Funding section. The correct funding information is as follows: This research was supported by the World Health Organization through a grant received from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The World Health Organization was actively involved in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. JICA had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.http://www.who.int/gho/en/.]There is an error in reference 1. The correct reference is: World Health Organization. Global health observatory data repository 2015: WHO; 2015 There is an error in reference 7. The correct reference is: World Health Organization. Maternal mortality 2014; Fact sheet No. 348: WHO; 2014 There is an error in reference 12. The correct reference is: World Health Organization. Practical guide for the design, use and promotion of home-based records in immunization programmes: WHO; 2015 There is an error in reference 17. The correct reference is: Magwood O, Kpade V, Thavorn K, Oliver S, Mayhew AD, Pottie K. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of home-based records on maternal, newborn and child health outcomes: a protocol for a WHO systematic review and meta-analysis. Ottawa: Cochrane Equity Methods; 2017 [Available from: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/anc-positive-pregnancy-experience/en/.]There is an error in reference 18. The correct reference is: World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience: WHO; 2016 [Available from: http://www.who.int/topics/infant_newborn/en/.]There is an error in reference 19. The correct reference is: World Health Organization. Infant, Newborn: WHO; 2017 [Available from: There is an error in reference 21. The correct reference is: Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC). What study designs should be included in an EPOC review? EPOC resources for review authors 2017 [Available from: epoc.cochrane.org/epoc-resources-review-authors.]There is an error in reference 24. The correct reference is: The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.3. 5.3 ed: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2014.There is an error in reference 35. The correct reference is: John Snow Inc. (JSI). Home-Based Record Redesigns That Worked: Lessons from Madagascar & Ethiopia. USA: JSI; 2016.There is an error in reference 36. The correct reference is: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Study on the use of the Maternal and Child Health Handbook in the Maternal and Child Health Project–Knowledge, Lessons and Challenges. Japan: JICA; 2012.


Randomised controlled pilot feasibility trial of an early intervention programme for young infants with neurodevelopmental impairment in Uganda: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2019;9:e032705. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032705.Nampijja M, Webb E, Nanyunja C, This article was previously published with an error.The first author of reference 2 was omitted. The correct reference is:et al. Global Research on Developmental Disabilities Collaborators. Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet Glob Health 2018;6:e1100–21.Olusanya BO, Davis AC, Wertlieb D,


International Journal of Oral Science (2015) 7, 205–212; 10.1038/ijos.2015.29; published 18 September 2015Correction to: In the original version of this Article, Fig.


Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2016) 94, 1765-1769; 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603170; published online 23 May 2006.Since the publication of this paper, the authors have reported that there is an error in the chemical structure for imatinib presented in Fig.


Correction to: BMC Systems Biology 2018, 12(Suppl 8):128https://10.1186/s12918-018-0651-1It was highlighted that the original article  containeFig. 6 legendP-value < 0.05 and supporting reads number > =2) contains two domains: Biological Process and Cellular Component.GO enrichment analysis of the mRNA in the co-expression network. The GO analysis . Z.Z was partially supported by National Institutes of Health grants (R21CA196508 and R01LM012806). The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Fig. 6 legendcircRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Red box represents mRNA; blue triangle represents miRNA, and green circle represents circRNA.FundingPublication of this article was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81270700 and No. 61571223). Z.Z was partially supported by National Institutes of Health grants (R21CA196508 and R01LM012806). The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


Wind coming from the West, compared to wind coming from other directions, was the most favourable for performance of all groups of finishers. Increasing precipitations worsened performances of top 100  and top 10 finishers . Wind speed, when increasing by 1 km/h, was related to worsened performance for all finishers , but not for top 100 group, where performances were 00:00:09 h:min:sec faster, p < 0.001. Pressure and WBGT were examined in uni-variable models: overall, performances worsened as pressure and WBGT increased. Our findings contributed to the knowledge about the effect of weather conditions on performance level in male marathon runners.This study investigated the effects of weather conditions on male performance during the Boston Marathon from 1897 to 2018. A total of 383,982 observations from 244,642 different finishers were analysed using Generalized Additive Mixed Models. All runners, annual top 100 finishers and annual top ten finishers were considered. Weather conditions, on race day, were: average air temperature (°C), precipitations (mm), wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) (°C), wind speed (km/h), wind direction  and pressure (hPa). These effects were examined in multi-variable models with spline smooth terms in function of calendar year. Temperature, when increasing by 1 °C, was related to worsened performance for all groups (i.e., by 00:01:53 h:min:sec for all finishers,  Environmental conditions seem to have an important effect on marathon running performance. Temperature, humidity and wind could influence the thermoregulatory anticipation to the increased heat gained during a marathon race . An ambiThe Boston Marathon has the longest tradition in marathon running since its start in 1897 and several studies have investigated the influence of environmental conditions on race performance ,13,14,15Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of weather conditions  on race time of male runners in the Boston Marathon from 1897 to 2018. This marathon race provided a unique model to conduct research on the effect of weather conditions considering their variability among calendar years. We hypothesized to find difference regarding existing literature when investigating the whole period of time  and including all male annual finishers as well as the annual top 10 and the annual top 100 male finishers.All procedures used in the study were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland, with a waiver of the requirement for informed consent of the participants given the fact that the study involved the analysis of publicly available data (01/06/2010).www.baa.org/races/boston-marathon/boston-marathon-history.aspx). To compete in this race, athletes must meet time standards which correspond to age and sex . Data, collected annually from 1897 to 2018 for men were obtained from the official race website (www.baa.org/races/boston-marathon.aspx). Available information from the race records were name and surname of the runners, sex and runners’ nationality, year of competition, and race times.The Boston Marathon is the world’s oldest annual marathon, where the course is a point-to-point race with its start in Hopkinton  and finishing on Boylston Street in Boston, MA. (We cleaned the dataset removing runners with missing or questionable (unreliable) information on race time. Unfortunately, we did not have the complete list of all runners belonging to push rim wheelchair division, started on 1975 for men. We excluded this category eliminating runners with race time shorter than the annual top record. To identify observations from a single runner, we defined an id variable with name, surname, nationality and period of competition, supposing that a single runner could participate at most for 25 years.Temperature, and speed and direction of wind, seemed to have an influence on race time in the Boston Marathon ,13,14,22www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KBOS/2013/1/15/MonthlyHistory.html for 1930 to 2018 and from https://w2.weather.gov/climate/local_data.php?wfo=box for 1897 to 1929. WBGT was calculated with https://www.kwangu.com/work/psychrometric.htm using the dry bulb temperature and relative humidity obtained from www.wunderground.com and an altitude of 43 m above sea level.Weather data were obtained from two different websites for this period from 1897 to 2018 from Descriptive statistics were presented as means ± standard deviations for continuous variables and as number N (%) for categorical variables. Performance, or race time, was recorded in the format “hours:minutes:seconds”. Different analyses were performed for the following groups of finishers: all runners, annual top 100 and annual ten finishers. Average performances, by sex and weather conditions, were reported for the following groups: temperature of 0–7, 8–15, 16–23, 24–30 °C, precipitations equal 0 or >0 mm, WBGT of 0–6, 7–10, 11–15, 16–20 °C, wind speed of 0–15, 16–17, 18–38 km/h, and pressure < 1015 or ≥1015 hPa. Wind direction was defined as: East , West , North , South . T-tests or ANOVA tests, with post-hoc Dunn’s test for pairwise multi-comparison of means, where appropriate, were performed, but p-values were not shown in tables.p < 0.05.Data visualization was used to identify the uni-variable relationship between performance and each weather variable. Moreover, association between weather conditions was preliminary investigated through the correlation matrix, which showed the pairwise correlation among all the variables. As a result, the effects of calendar year on race time, together with the effects of weather conditions, were examined through multi-variable statistical models. Results were presented as estimates (standard errors). The acceptable type I error was set at Race Time (Y) ~ [Fixed effects (X) = Weather Conditions + S+ [Random effects of intercept = Runners]where S denoted a spline, changing with calendar year and with k basis dimension. K was set equal to nine. Observations before 1944 were discarded because of incomplete information about weather conditions. As a first analysis, all weather variables: temperature, WBGT, precipitations, wind direction, wind speed, and pressure were included into the multi-variable model. Subsequently, WBGT and pressure were discarded, in all groups of finishers, due to multi-collinearity, assessed by computing the variance inflation factor (or VIF) score. All predictors with VIF not greater than 10 were retained in the model. According to this criterion, in all finishers group, precipitations variable was also dropped. Instead, in top ten finishers the wind speed variable was discarded. Partial effects, which are the isolated effects of one particular predictor or interaction, were shown graphically. Moreover, the effects of pressure and WBGT on performance, discarded in the multi-variable model, where also assessed, more rigorously, through uni-variable linear mixed models, which corrected for repeated measurements.Different models were performed, one for each group of finishers. Calendar year was considered as a discrete value of a continuous variable. Temperature, precipitation, WBGT, wind speed and pressure were considered as continuous variables. Spline regression models were used, with a spline smooth term in function of calendar year and a linear term in function of the other effects. Preliminary data visualization and previous research ,23 justihttps://www.R-project.org/). In particular, we used the following R packages: PMCMR for Pairwise post-hoc Test for Multiple Comparisons of Means; ggplot2 for preliminary data visualization; GGally for plotting the correlation matrix and the association between explanatory variables; gamm4 for multi-variable mixed models with random effects on intercept; mgcv for statistical models visualization; lmer for linear mixed models.All statistical analyses were carried out using statistical package R, R Core Team (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. . In Between 1897 and 2018, a total of 383,982 observations from 244,642 different finishers were recorded in the race results. In Before carrying out multi-variable analysis, association between weather variables was examined and reported in After that, the effects of each weather variable, on performance of all groups of finishers, were shown in p < 0.001 in all finishers; 00:00:37 (00:00:02) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 in top 100 finishers and 00:00:38 (00:00:03) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 in top 10 finishers. When wind speed increased by 1 km/h, performances of all finishers worsened but performances of top 100 group improved. In fact, the wind speed estimates was positive in all finishers: 00:00:19 (00:00:01) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 and negative in top 100 group: −00:00:09 (00:00:01) h:min:sec, p < 0.001. When precipitations increased by 1 mm, performances significantly worsened: by 00:00:04 (00:00:01) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 in top 100 group and by 00:00:05 (00:00:01) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 in top 10 group. Performances with wind coming from the West, were significantly better compared to the other wind directions (p < 0.001). In fact, estimates were positive, which meant worse performance compared to the West, the reference wind direction category. The wind direction had the greatest effects, in terms of estimates, in all finishers, compared to the other groups of finishers, when the wind came from the East and from the South. In fact, when the wind direction was the East, performances, compared to performances when wind direction was the West, were slower by: 00:11:18 (00:00:11) h:min:sec, p < 0.001, in all finishers, against 00:03:09 (00:00:27) h:min:sec, p < 0.001, in top 100 group and 00:03:54 (00:00:38) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 in top 10 group. Analogously, when the wind direction was the South, performances, compared to performances when wind direction was the West, were slower by 00:09:41 (00:00:10) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 in all finishers, against 00:01:13 (00:00:33) h:min:sec, p < 0.05 in top 10 group. In top 100 group, the difference between performances, when wind direction was the South and performances when wind direction was the West, was not significant. When the wind direction was the North compared to the West, the greatest difference was observed in all finishers: 00:05:30 (00:00:11) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 against 00:01:51 (00:00:38) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 in top 10 group and 00:01:30 (00:00:25) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 in top 100 group.In p < 0.001 in all finishers, 00:00:09 (00:00:01) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 in top 100 groups and 00:00:04 (00:00:02) h:min:sec, p < 0.05 in top ten group. Instead, when WBGT increased by 1 °C, performances of all groups of finishers were significantly slower: by 00:01:55 (00:00:01), p < 0.001 in all finishers, by 00:00:22 (00:00:03) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 in top 100 group and by 00:00:26 (00:00:06) h:min:sec, p < 0.001 in top 10 group.Since the uni-variable relationships, plotted in p < 0.001 in all groups. The greatest smoothing terms, in absolute value, were observed in all finishers where the trend was overall increasing, even if in some years  was decreasing. This meant that performances had overall worsened over time. In top 100 and top 10 groups, instead, the temporal trend of performance was overall decreasing, even if not monotonically, meaning that performance had overall improved over time.Performances changed significantly over calendar year. In fact, in To visualize the most important results of p < 0.001) worsened performance by 00:01:53 h:min:sec for all finishers, 00:00:37 h:min:sec for annual top 100 finishers and 00:00:38 h:min:sec for annual top 10 finishers; (ii) wind coming from the West, compared to wind from other directions, was the most favourable for performance of all groups of finishers. In particular, for all finishers, performances when wind came from the West were: 00:09:41 h:min:sec faster (p < 0.001), compared to performances when wind came from the South, 00:11:18 h:min:sec faster (p < 0.001), compared to performances when wind came from the East and 00:05:30 h:min:sec faster (p < 0.001), compared to performances when wind came from the North; (iii) precipitations, when increasing by 1 mm, worsened performances of top 100 and of top 10 groups by 00:00:04 h:min:sec and 00:00:05 h:min:sec (p < 0.001), respectively; (iv) wind speed, when increasing, also worsened performances for all finishers , but not for top 100 group, where performances were 00:00:09 h:min:sec faster, p < 0.001; (v) pressure, when increasing, had a negative effect on performance in all group of finishers; (vi) WBGT when increasing, had a negative effect on performance of all groups of finishers.The main findings of the present study were that: (i) average temperature, when increasing by 1 °C, significantly (The direct relationship of race times with temperature, i.e., the hotter the temperature, the slower the race time, was in agreement with previous observations in marathon races ,12. For The findings of the present study were limited by the specific characteristics of the race in terms of participation  and weatIn summary, race times in the Boston Marathon are influenced by temperature, pressure, precipitations, WBGT, wind coming from the West and wind speed. The magnitude and the direction of the influence of the abovementioned weather conditions on race time varied by performance level. Our findings improved the knowledge about the association between weather conditions and their relationship with performance level in male marathon runners. Considering the popularity of the particular marathon and of marathon races in general , the res


Elizabethkingia Acquisition and Clinical Characteristics of Patients, South Korea . The corrected figure is shown, and the article has been corrected online (https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/25/1/17-1985_article).Two locations in Figure 1 were shown incorrectly in Risk Factors for


Bioinformatics (2019) doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty873, 35, 1783–1785.In the original article, there was an error in the formatting of Table 1.This has been corrected and the corrected table appears below.


Correction to:Cell Death and Disease (2016) 7, e2419; 10.1038/cddis.2016.268, Published online 13 October 2016.Since the publication of the article, the authors became aware that Fig. The authors apologise for any inconvenience caused.


There is an error in the reference for the source of the mathematical model used in this manuscript. The authors cited Chow&Hall 2008 instead of Hall et al. 2011. Both articles have Hall in their authorship. While Chow&Hall (2008) explains the model conceptualization and the model behavior with non-real simulations, Hall et al. (2011) explains the model implementation to the adult population with real data. The correct citation for reference #27 should read:27. Hall KD, Sacks G, Chandramohan D, Chow CC, Wang YC, Gortmaker SL, et al. Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight. Lancet. 2011;378: 826–837. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60812-XThe reference is made several times throughout the paper, and therefore the following should be corrected:http://ensanut.insp.mx/). The final dataset after running the Hall and colleagues’ model is available at the open science framework, available at https://osf.io/vfcm8/ (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/VFCM8). The mathematical model used to estimate the impact on body weight is freely available within an R package version 1.0.0 named ‘bw’ in https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bw/index.html.The Data Availability Statement should read: Baseline added sugar consumption from SSBs and weight were obtained from the 2012 Mexico National Health and Nutrition Survey .”The first three sentences of the third paragraph in the Discussion section should read: Body weight modeling is a complex task, as many components and interrelationships need to be considered. In this paper, we used the model proposed by Hall and colleagues, which has been widely used to estimate the impact of nutritional policies, including the potential impact of sugar reformulation in SSBs [41]. Hall and colleagues’ model is a physiological model that has been validated against experimental data and can be implemented using individual-level or aggregated data; however, other models to estimate weight change are available.”


This article has been corrected: The authors requested to replace Figure 3 and Figure 6. The mistakes of these figures are described below:Figure 3: the Westernblot of SDHB in Figure3B of MCF-7 flipped horizontally.Figure 6: the Westernblot of Cytc in Figure6B of MDA-231 was identical to Uqcrfs1 due to the layout mistakes.These corrections do not change any of the conclusions of the publication. The corrected Figure 3 and Figure 6 are provided below.https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102442.Original article: Aging. 2019; 11:10203–10219.


Increasing wind speed was also related to worsened performances in all finishers and near elite groups. Kenyans and Ethiopians were the fastest nationalities. The sex differences  were the largest in near elite groups. Our findings contributed to the knowledge of the performance in Boston Marathon across calendar years, considering as main effects weather conditions, country of origin and sex.This study examined the relationship of weather conditions, together with sex and country of origin, with running performance in the Boston Marathon from 1972 to 2018. A total of 580,990 observations from 382,209 different finishers were analyzed using Generalized Additive Mixed Models. Different groups and subgroups were considered such as all runners, near elite 101:200 finishers, near elite 21:100, annual top ten finishers and annual winners. Weather conditions, over the hours of the event, were average air temperature (°C), total precipitations (mm), wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) (°C), wind speed (km/h), wind direction  and barometric pressure (hPa). These effects were examined in a multi-variable model, together with: sex, country of origin, calendar year, an interaction term country:sex and a spline smooth term in function of calendar year and sex. The average temperature, when increasing by 1°C, was related to worsened performance . Also, the pressure and wet-bulb globe temperature, when increasing, were related to worsened performances. Tail wind improved performances of all groups. Increasing precipitation was significantly ( To date, the influence of different environmental conditions such as ambient air temperature wind, precipitations, barometric pressure, humidity, dew point, cloud cover, solar irradiation and atmospheric pollutants have been investigated in marathon running performance –7. It isThe Boston Marathon has the longest tradition in marathon running (it started in 1897 and the first woman participated in 1972) and several studies investigated the influence of environmental conditions on race performance ,11. Howei.e. head wind, side wind, tail wind) and barometric pressure (hPa). These effects were analyzed together with sex, country of origin and calendar year. Based upon previous research, we hypothesized that increasing air temperature impaired running performance in both elite and sub-elite runners.The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of weather conditions, together with sex and country, on female and male performance in the Boston Marathon from 1972 to 2018 since in 1972 the first women officially participated in a marathon. We considered the effects, over the hours of the event, of average air temperature (°C), total precipitations (mm), wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) (°C), wind speed (km/h), wind direction . To compete in this race, athletes must meet time standards which correspond to age and sex . Data are freely available from the Boston Athletic Association website (www.baa.org) and Marathon Guide website (www.marathonguide.com). Data involved in this study are race results from 1972 to 2018 for women and men. Available information from the race records were name and surname of the runners, sex and runners’ nationality, year of competition, and race times. We cleaned the dataset correcting for double coding of the same level of categories  as reported earlier [www.wunderground.com/history/daily/us/ma/boston/KBOS and all units were converted to the metric system. All weather data was stored in www.kwangu.com/work/psychrometric.htm using the dry bulb temperature and relative humidity obtained from www.wunderground.com/ and an altitude of 43 m above sea level. The total precipitation (mm) was the sum over the duration of the race of the hourly amount of precipitations. The wind direction was the most frequent determination over the hourly observations which were classified as: head wind , side wind  and tail wind  [www.baa.org/races/boston-marathon/course-map).The Boston Marathon is the world’s oldest annual marathon   due to ti.e. or race time) was recorded in the format “hours:minutes:seconds”. Average performances, by sex and weather conditions, were reported for the following groups: temperature of 0–7 °C, 8–15 °C and 16–24 °C; wind direction head, side or tail; total precipitations equal 0 and >0 mm; WBGT of 0–6 °C, 7–10 °C, 11–15 °C and 16–20 °C; wind speed of 9–17 km/h, 18–24 km/h and 25–39 km/h; pressure <1015 hPa and ≥1015 hPa. The effects of calendar year on race time, together with the effects of sex, country of origin and weather conditions, were examined through multi-variable statistical models. Results were presented as estimates (standard errors). Different analyses and regression models were performed for the following subgroups: all runners, annual top 101:200, annual top 21:100, annual top ten finishers and annual winners. The calendar year of the race was considered as a discrete value of a continuous variable. The country groups included the 8 most prevalent geographical areas in terms of participation . For annual top finishers (winners) country groups were only 4: Kenya-Ethiopia, Europe, USA and other countries. Weather characteristics such as: temperature, precipitations, WBGT, wind speed and pressure were considered as continuous variables. Wind direction as a categorical variable. The acceptable type I error was set at p<0.05. Preliminary data visualization and previous research [https://www.R-project.org/. In particular, we used the following R packages: ggplot2 for preliminary data visualization; gamm4 for multivariable mixed models with random effects on intercept; mgcv for statistical models visualization. The R script, used to manage data and to run the analyses, was provided in Descriptive statistics were presented as means ± standard deviations for continuous variables and as number N (%) for categorical variables. Performance . Instead, women performed better when there was head wind in most cases. Performances were also better, most frequently, with absence of precipitations for women and for men, on the contrary, with presence of precipitations. When considering wet-bulb globe temperature, when the level was 0–6 °C, both men and women performed better in all cases except all male finishers. In most cases, when wind speed was 18–24 km/h, men and women performed better. Both sexes performed better, in most cases for women and in all cases for men, when pressure <1015 hPa. In In In p<0.001 and a smaller effect for annual winners 00:00:20 (00:00:05) h:min:sec, p<0.001. For the annual top ten, a temperature variation effect on performance was not significant. As pressure increased by one hPa, performances significantly worsened with a greater effect for all finishers: 00:00:06 (00:00:00) h:min:sec, p<0.001 and a smaller effect for the annual top 101:200 finishers: 00:00:03 (00:00:00) h:min:sec, p<0.001. For the annual winners, an effect of pressure variation on performance was not significant. As wind speed increased by 1 km/h, performances significantly worsened with a greater effect for all finishers: 00:00:13 (00:00:00) h:min:sec, p<0.001 and a smaller effect for the annual top 21:100: 00:00:06 (00:00:01) h:min:sec, p<0.001. For the elite groups  the effect of wind speed variation on performance was not significant. As precipitations increased by 1 mm, performances significantly worsened, with a greater effect for all finishers: 00:00:44 (00:00:01) h:min:sec, p<0.001 and equal effect for the other groups: estimate 00:00:10 h:min:sec. For the annual winners, a precipitations effect was not significant. A wet-bulb globe temperature effect was significant in all groups except winners. Analogously to the other weather effects, as wet-bulb globe temperature increased by 1 °C, performances worsened with a greater effect for near elite groups: 00:00:31 (00:00:03) h:min:sec, p<0.001 in top 21:100 group and a smaller effect for all finishers: 00:00:10 (00:00:02) h:min:sec, p<0.001. Performances of all groups were significantly  slower with head and side wind compared to tail wind. The effects were greater for all finishers: compared to tail wind, head wind slowed down performance by 00:11:51 (00:00:10) h:min:sec, p<0.001 and side wind by 00:08:04 (00:00:09) h:min:sec, p<0.001. For the near elite finishers, in particular the top 101:200, the effects of wind direction were smaller: head wind slowed down performance by 00:03:06 (00:00:09) h:min:sec, p<0.001 and side wind by 00:01:37 (00:00:08) h:min:sec, p<0.001.As temperature, WBGT, pressure, precipitations or wind speed increased, performances significantly worsened in most cases. In fact, when average temperature increased by 1 °C, performances were slower with a greater effect for all finishers: 00:01:47 (00:00:01) h:min:sec, p<0.001, which was the comparison between Kenya—Ethiopia and Central-South America, to a maximum of 01:45:14 (00:04:44) h:min:sec, p<0.001, which was the comparison between Kenya-Ethiopia and Asia. In the top ten group, the significant differences ranged from a minimum of 00:02:20 (00:01:04) h:min:sec, p<0.01, which was the comparison between Kenya—Ethiopia and Asia, to a maximum of 00:03:00 (00:00:45) h:min:sec, p<0.001, which was the comparison between Kenya-Ethiopia and USA. The interaction terms country:sex represented the sex differences for each country group. For instance, the term Africa:M estimated how much greater the effect of being men on race time was for a runner from Africa, compared to a runner from Kenya-Ethiopia. From p<0.001. Men were significantly faster than women in all groups, with a greater effect in the near elite groups, in particular the top 101:200 finishers: 00:41:51 (00:00:11) h:min:sec, p<0.001 and a smaller effect in annual winners: 00:17:25 (00:01:24) h:min:sec, p<0.001. In all finishers group, being men was a significant factor when interacted with country. Moreover, performances changed significantly over calendar year for both sexes  in all groups except men winners, where variations were small. The greater smoothing terms were observed in top 101:200 group. In all finishers the trend was overall increasing, after decreasing in the first ten years. In Athletes from Kenya and Ethiopia were significantly the fastest compared to every country group. The differences varied between sexes and between groups of finishers. The greater effects were observed for all finishers and the smaller effects for annual top 10 finishers. For women in all finishers group, the differences ranged from a minimum of 01:22:04 (00:04:45) h:min:sec, i) an increase of average temperature by 1 °C was related to worsened performance with greater effect for all finishers, (ii) increasing barometric pressure was related to worsened performances, (iii) wet-bulb globe temperature, analogously, when increasing was related to worsened performances, (iv) tail wind was related to improved performances of all groups, (v) precipitations, when increasing, were related to worsened performances, (vi) increasing wind speed was also related to worsened performances for all finishers and near elite groups.The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of weather conditions, together with sex and country, on performance in the Boston Marathon from 1972 to 2018. Different groups and subgroups of performance level were considered such as all runners, near elite 101:200 finishers, near elite 21:100, annual top ten finishers and annual winners. The main findings were . It was well-known that there was a progressive slowing of marathon performance as the ambient temperature increased from 5 °C to 25 °C [A first important finding was that increasing temperature was related to impaired performance in almost all groups of runners (to 25 °C . For thito 25 °C . In conthttps://sciencing.com/temperature-affect-barometric-pressure-5013070.html).A second important finding was that increasing barometric pressure worsened running performance. Most likely the increased barometric pressure is linked to an increased ambient temperature which is known to impair marathon running performance. Warm air causes air pressure to rise  and American  marathon races from 2001 to 2010 through with 1,791,972 participants’ performances  were analyzed, atmospheric pressure at sea level showed no effect on running performance [However, when the results of six European (www.weather.gov/tsa/wbgt). Little is known for the effect of wet-bulb globe temperature on marathon running performance. Ely et al. [i.e. Boston, New York, Twin Cities, Grandma’s, Richmond, Hartford, and Vancouver Marathons) for a different range of years (i.e. 6 to 36 years) and different quartiles based on wet-bulb globe temperature and female and male finishers of different performance levels were analysed. The most likely explanation for the different findings is the fact that we analyzed a point-to-point race where wind might have a different effect on wet-bulb globe temperature compared to race held in one or several laps. Based on these disparate findings, future studies need to investigate more deeply the relationships between wet-bulb globe temperature and marathon running performance in other marathon races held in one or more laps.A third important finding was that an increase in wet-bulb globe temperature was related to a worsened performance in all groups except annual winners.Wet-bulb globe temperature is nowadays the most widely used index of heat stress  in direcy et al.  reportedi.e. wind from W, WNW, and WSW) improved race performance of all groups and increasing wind speed was also related to worsened performances for all finishers and near elite groups. Boston is a ‘point-to-point’ marathon from west to east (www.baa.org/races/boston-marathon/course-map). When the runners have a tailwind, they get a ‘push’ for 42 km. It is well-known for this race that headwinds on the day of the race slow winning times [A further important finding was that tail wind  to 00:41:51 h:min:sec (top 101:200 finishers). Differences between countries and sexes in all finishers, compared to the other selection groups, were relatively smaller. For instance, the interaction term USA:M reduced the comparison Kenya-Ethiopia and USA, for men, by 00:11:59 h:min:sec. This term was almost twice the respective term in annual winners group (00:06:07 h:min:sec). But in all finishers, the performance difference Kenya-Ethiopia and USA was of 01:36:43 h:min:sec, compared to 00:06:30 h:min:sec in the winners group. Therefore, the effect in the winners was greater.e.g. topography, temperature) and participation . Thus, they should be generalized with caution to other marathon races. Future studies would be needed to confirm these findings in other large city marathons. Moreover, no information about age was available and repeated measurements within runners could not be exactly identified, although it could be reasonably supposed that two observations belonged to the same runner if they had in common both name, surname, sex, country and participation, once a year, in the same period of time.The findings of the present study were limited by the specific characteristics of this race in terms of environmental conditions  and the qualifying standards could favour one sex and/or age group over the other. It was generally regarded that it was easier for women to qualify for Boston Marathon than men, which might influence the results. Although qualification criteria exist, about 10,000 runners participated annually on sponsor loyalties. Most likely, the number of this latter group of runners has increased most over the year, whilst qualifiers were stable over the years. It could be expected that the qualified age-groupers would perform better than their free-entry counterparts; however, with this information not available this speculative hypothesis could not be tested critically.It should be also mentioned that Boston Marathon was the only large city marathon in the World with ‘qualifying times’ Click here for additional data file.S1 File(R)Click here for additional data file.S1 Table(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S1 FigPoints were observed average of time race. Lines were fitted curves.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.


Correction to: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019) 7:15https://doi.org/10.1186/s40425-018-0472-1Following publication of the original article , the autThe correct files Additional file 2:Code and data for the validation dataset analyses. The R code and data used in the colorectal and endometrial/neuroendocrine validation analyses are included in this zip file. Code executes in the directory in which it is placed. (ZIP 456 kb)


AbstractRuehssiawoodburyana (Apocynaceae) was recently discovered at a single location on Norman Island in the British Virgin Islands. Despite an increase in the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy, this species meta-population is very limited with a total of 37 individuals known in the wild. The largest subpopulation, on Mona Island, has only 26 individuals. The species suitable habitat is experiencing a continuing decline due to urban development, grazing by feral ungulates and human-induced forest fires. Conservation action is urgently needed and should be directed towards establishing genetically representative ex situ collections, such as seed for long term storage and live material for propagation. This species is evaluated as Critically Endangered (CR), based on Criteria C2a(i)+D, according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (version 3.1) and guidelines (Thought to be endemic to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, idelines .Ruehssiawoodburyana on Norman Island, in the British Virgin Islands and discuss the species conservation status. Marsdeniawoodburyana is transferred to the genus Ruehssia to reflect the resurrection of that genus for species of Marsdenia native to the New World.Extensive and regular surveys to the region enable the discovery of new plant records for different countries and islands. In this paper, we record a new island record for  In this paper, we present a species conservation profile for an endemic species to the British Virgin Islands and to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.RuehssiawoodburyanaScientific name: Species authority: (Acev.-Rodr) GoyderMarsdeniawoodburyana Acev.-Rodr., 1999 – Synonyms: PlantaeKingdom: TracheophytaPhylum: MagnoliopsidaClass: GentianalesOrder: ApocynaceaeFamily: Marsdenia R.Br. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) occur in a single clade, according to a recent study using two plastid and two nuclear gene regions  and it is planned to transfer species from other parts of the Americas in subsequent papers.In order to expedite the range extension of M.woodburyana Acev.-Rodr. to the British Virgin Islands and to permit timely publication of its conservation status, we here propose the formal transfer of this species from Marsdenia to Ruehssia.Ruehssiawoodburyana (Acev.-Rodr.) Goyder, comb. nov.BASIONYM: Marsdeniawoodburyana Acev.-Rodr., 1999 – Taxonomic notes: All the native New World species of the broadly delimited pan-tropical genus  regions . The genRegion for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Clubbe, C.; Urbaniak, J.Editor: Barrios, S.; Hamilton, M.A.Reviewers: Clubbe, C.; Urbaniak, J.Editor: Barrios, S.; Hamilton, M.A.Biogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: Virgin Islands, BritishPuerto RicoMap of records (image): Map of records (Google Earth): Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Observed occurrences.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 10Max Elevation/Depth (m): 150Ruehssiawoodburyana is a rare plant species restricted to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the British Virgin Islands (BVI). This species was originally described occurring exclusively at Caña Gorda within the Guánica State Forest in Guánica municipality on the island of Puerto Rico (R.woodburyana (O. Monsegur pers. comm. 2017). This species extent of occurrence (EOO) was estimated to be 5,649 km2 and the area of occupancy to be 32 km2 based on a 2×2 km cell size : 5649Trend: IncreaseCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: IncreaseCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 32Number of locations: 7-8Justification for number of locations: The number of locations was calculated to be seven to eight, considering threats posed by human disturbance and human-induced fires at the different sites where the species has been recorded.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: 37Trend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): Originally described from Guánica State Forest as extremely rare, Abundance largest subpopulation: 26Number of subpopulations: 4Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): A woody vine which can grow to eight metres long in tropical dry forest Figs . This spTrend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (observed)Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical DryHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical DryGeneration length (yr): 0Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): The generation length of this vine is unknown. More field observations are required.Justification for threats: This species is subjected to a variety of threats. Most locations are threatened by human disturbance which is causing habitat degradation and fragmentation, particularly through urban development and fire. In Puerto Rico, human-induced fires are frequent in Guánica State Forest along road PR 333 near Caña Gorda, the type locality. These seriously affect the quality of this species suitable habitat and may preclude the species natural recruitment. The habitat on Norman Island in the BVI was degraded by feral animals in the past, but these have now been removed, promoting the recovery of native vegetation. Despite the presence of feral goats and pigs on Mona Island, these animals are not thought to be impacting the species as feral mammal populations are managed through sports hunting. However, it is noted that no recruitment has been observed at this location in the recent years (J. Sustache pers. comm. 2018). At Laguna Cartagena and Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuges, there is no direct evidence of impact due to human-induced fires or feral animals, despite the presence of these threats. Within the municipality of Peñuelas, this species suitable habitat is threatened by the expansion of industrial landfills, service roads and utility lines (O. Monsegur pers. comm. 2018). Climate change might already be impacting this species through more severe droughts and stronger tropical storms.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas4.1. Transportation & service corridors - Roads & railroads4.2. Transportation & service corridors - Utility & service lines7.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression11.2. Climate change & severe weather - DroughtsThreat type: OngoingThreats: 1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas4.1. Transportation & service corridors - Roads & railroads4.2. Transportation & service corridors - Utility & service lines7.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression11.2. Climate change & severe weather - Droughtsex situ collections for this species despite attempts in recent years to collect seed from southern municipalities on the island of Puerto Rico (J. Sustache pers. comm. 2018).Justification for conservation actions: This species is found within protected areas across its natural range. In the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the species is recorded as occurring within the Guánica State Forest, Laguna Cartagena National Wildlife Refuge, Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge and Mona Island Nature Reserve. It is also thought to occur within the Culebra National Wildlife Reserve, but further surveys are needed. Norman Island in the BVI is not a protected area, as it is privately owned. This species is listed as a Critical Element by the Department of Natural and Environmental Resources . MonseguConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection3.4. Species management - Ex-situ conservation4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communicationsConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection3.4. Species management - Ex-situ conservation4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communicationsJustification for use and trade: There are no known uses for this species.Justification for ecosystem services : Insufficient Information availableUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Less importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsex situ conservation collections. Further surveys are needed to look for potential undetected individuals and subpopulations within the species range, particularly in the US and British Virgin Islands. The areas and habitats, where this species occurs, should be closely managed and monitored.Justification for research needed: Conservation action and research should be directed to develop a better understanding of this species' ecology and population trends and develop Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Less importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsex situ conservation collections. Further surveys are needed to look for potential undetected individuals and subpopulations within the species range, particularly in the US and British Virgin Islands. The areas and habitats, where this species occurs, should be closely managed and monitored.Justification for research needed: Conservation action and research should be directed to develop a better understanding of this species' ecology and population trends and develop 6355BA10-D648-52AF-8F97-9E52B988512B10.3897/BDJ.7.e47110.suppl1Supplementary material 1Ruehssiawoodburyana known recordsGoogle Earth map showing Data type: occurencesFile: oo_307399.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/307399Barrios, S.; Hamilton, H.; Monsegur, O.; Sustache, J.


Medical Law Review, 2019, doi:10.1093/medlaw/fwz009In the original version of this article, the following funding acknowledgement was mistakenly omitted:http://www.i-sense.org.uk>).James Wilson's research was supported by the i‐sense EPSRC IRC in Early Warning Sensing Systems for Infectious Diseases (Grant reference number EP/K031953/1, <The above acknowledgement has now been added to the paper; the authors would like to apologise for its initial omission.


Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48: 678–79j. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz073First published online: 7 May 2019, An author of this cohort profile, Ioanna Ntalla, was unintentionally omitted from the author list. Dr Ntalla made a substantial contribution to the design and implementation of the study and meets the criteria for authorship.The author list has been corrected.


Biostatistics (2018) 19, 4, pp. 407–42510.1093/biostatistics/kxx045doi:The publisher regrets that the information in the second last row of the final three columns of table 3 was incomplete in the originally published version. The table has now been corrected.


OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The Clinical Research Operations Program is a free educational program designed to educate clinical research personnel on the conduct of clinical research (CR). The participant completes 16 required core sessions (24 h), 4 elective sessions (4 h), and passes the final exam to receive a certification in CR operations at Stanford. Sessions focus on the 9 domains of CR , such as Ethical & Participant Safety Considerations, Clinical Study Operations, & Data Management/Informatics. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Sessions are taught by volunteer lecturers. Participants may also attend the sessions without pursuing the certification. The program objective is to provide easy-access education in CR in order to increase regulatory compliance, staff retention, and improve CR at Stanford. The program targets CR coordinators, however, staff, postdocs, fellows, and faculty also participate. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Since the program’s launch in January 2017, 119 individuals have enrolled in the certification program. The most represented group is the Department of Medicine. Sessions consistently reach their maximum with a waiting list. Each core session requires that the participant complete an evaluation  of the registration process (4.5/5), the class environment (4.6/5), the presented content (4.5/5), and the instructor (4.6/5). Data from these evaluations are positive to date and is used to continually refine the program. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: N/A.


This article has been corrected: In the Introduction section, the second sentence of the second paragraph was worded incorrectly. The proper sentence is as follows:A significant reduction in lung cancer mortality was reported among the subjects enrolled in the LDCT arm of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) when compared to the chest X-ray arm, along with a false discovery rate of 96.4% and an overdiagnosis global rate of 18.5%, reaching 78.9% for indolent cancers in the LDCT arm.32868-32877. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.5210Original article: Oncotarget. 2015; 6:32868–32877.


In the Funding section, the grant number from the funder National Science Centre, Poland is listed incorrectly. The correct grant number is: 2017/01/X/NZ7/00055.


As Editor in Chief of Molecules and Academic Editor of the article , respecthttp://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/1/136.Addendum (10 January 2018): An Editorial has been published to update this Expression of Concern. No changes have been made to the original published paper. See


Correction to:British Journal of Cancer110, 1645–1654 (2014); 10.1038/bjc.2014.48; published online 6 February 2014The authors report that there is a mistake in the representative picture of Fig.


This article has been corrected: Due to errors in the final figure composition, the AKT expression from Figure 2A was accidentally duplicated in Figure 4A. The proper Figure 4A and its updated legend are shown below. The authors declare that these corrections do not change the results or conclusions of this paper.185-195. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.2688Original article: Oncotarget. 2015; 6:185–195.


Zika virus (ZIKV) became a global human health concern owing to its rapid spread worldwide and its association with congenital and neurological disorders. The current epidemiological profile of arboviruses in Brazil is characterized by widespread co-circulation of Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, and ZIKV throughout the country. These viruses cause acute diseases frequently with overlapping symptoms, which could result in an inaccurate diagnosis based solely on clinical and epidemiological grounds. Here we conducted a screening for ZIKV RNA in serum samples from patients across Brazil with suspected ZIKV infection.Using RT-qPCR, we investigated ZIKV RNA in 3001 serum samples. Samples were passively acquired through a private laboratory network, between December 2015 and August 2016, from 27 Brazilian Federative Units. We performed descriptive statistics on demographic variables including sex, age, and geographic location.ZIKV was detected in 11.4% (95%CI = 10.3–12.6%) of the sera. ZIKV RNA was detected in sera collected throughout the country, but during the analyzed period, RNA was more frequently detected in samples from the Southeast, Midwest, and North regions (3.9 to 5.8 times higher) when compared to the Northeast and South regions.These data reinforce the importance of laboratory diagnosis, surveillance systems, and further epidemiological studies to understand the dynamics of outbreaks and diseases associated with ZIKV and other arboviruses.The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1070-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae contains several well-known mosquito-borne viruses of medical importance, including Zika virus (ZIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Yellow fever virus  (Table p ≥ 0.07)  cut-off = 36), representing a positivity rate of 11.4% . All samples were positive for the internal control (Ct cutoff = 32). The detection of ZIKV RNA in the screening was 1.59 times higher for women than for men  or between the South and Northeast regions (p = 0.83) , 87.8% and 21.7% of the suspected cases of CHIKV and DENV infections, respectively, were reported in the Northeast region . The co-The preponderance of young adults, especially women, sampled in this study could stem from a greater likelihood for women to seek health care, even with mild symptoms, and especially due to the concerns regarding sexual transmission of ZIKV and the association of ZIKV infection during pregnancy with microcephaly and other neurological disorders , 3, 7. AAlthough some studies highlight the role of urine and whole blood as a source of sample for ZIKV diagnostics since the virus has been detected in higher titers than in serum for prolonged times , we wereIt is also important to note that the overlapping ZIKV infection in clinical presentation with other arboviruses may artificially conflate diagnoses made solely on clinical/epidemiological criteria. In 2016, widespread dengue and chikungunya outbreaks took place in Brazil with more than 1.6 million suspected cases . AlthougGiven the epidemiological context, laboratory differential diagnosis, distinguishing ZIKV from other arboviruses is imperative, given the widespread co-circulation of these viruses in Brazil and the fact that syndromic surveillance is not enough to accurately define the etiology of many acute exanthematous illnesses. ZIKV constitutes a public health burden, and future studies are crucial to the understanding of outbreak dynamics and disease associated with ZIKV infection, as well to the establishment of control and prevention measures, including any future vaccination programs.Additional file 1:Figure S1. Geopolitical map of Brazil. The Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia states, where Zika virus was first reported, is highlighted. Brazilian Federative Units are indicated as follows: DF: Distrito Federal; GO: Goiás; MS: Mato Grosso do Sul; MT: Mato Grosso; AC: Acre; AM: Amazonas; AP: Amapá; PA: Pará; RO: Rondônia; RR: Roraima; TO: Tocantins; AL: Alagoas; BA: Bahia; CE: Ceará; MA: Maranhão; PB: Paraíba; PE: Pernambuco; PI: Piauí; RN: Rio Grande do Norte; SE: Sergipe; PR: Paraná; RS: Rio Grande do Sul; SC: Santa Catarina; ES: Espírito Santo; MG: Minas Gerais; RJ: Rio de Janeiro; SP: São Paulo. Brazilian states in each region are as follows: South: RS, PR, and SC; North: AC, AP, AM, PA, RO, RR, and TO; Southeast: MG, SP, RJ and ES; Midwest: MT, MS, GO and DF; Northeast: AL, BA, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN and SE. (TIFF 261 kb)Additional file 2:Table S1. Reported cases and incidence of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, in Brazil, in 2016. Incidence rates are indicated per 100,000 inhabitants. Data regarding the total reported cases (absolute numbers) and the incidence rates of Zika, chikungunya and dengue in different regions of Brazil were retrieved from official bulletins and tabulated. The bulletin published by Brazilian Ministry of Health, containing the data above is available at: http://combateaedes.saude.gov.br/images/boletins-epidemiologicos/2016-Dengue_Zika_Chikungunya-SE52.pdf (Accessed 26 Jan 2018). The percentages of reported cases of Zika, chikungunya and dengue were estimated per region , and are shown within brackets. The data presented here refer to the epidemiological weeks 1 to 52 of 2016. An epidemiological week (EW) is a standardized method of counting weeks to allow for the comparison of data year after year. By international convention EWs are counted from Sunday to Saturday. The first EW of the year ends, by definition, on the first Saturday of January. The epidemiological calendar of 2016, used by Brazilian Ministry of Health, is available at http://portalsinan.saude.gov.br/calendario-epidemiologico-2016. According to guides of Brazilian Ministry of Health, in areas with previous history of dengue virus, chikungunya virus or Zika virus transmission, during the epidemics periods, the confirmation of the majority of the cases should be performed by the clinical-epidemiological criteria, after the confirmation of viral circulation and epidemiological investigation of first cases in a given area. In general, blood collection and testing has been recommended for one to every 10 patients with suspected dengue fever, applying the same proportion to Zika and chikungunya (http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/guia_vigilancia_saude_volume_2.pdf). (DOC 39 kb)Additional file 3:Table S2. Decrease in the incidence of Zika virus infection in Brazil, from 2016 to 2017. Incidence values are indicated per 100,000 inhabitants. *Data from epidemiological week 1 to 52/2016. **Data from epidemiological week 1 to 52/2017. Data regarding Zika virus infection incidence in different regions of Brazil were retrieved from official bulletins and tabulated. The ratio incidence of Zika virus infection cases 2016/ incidence of Zika virus infection 2017 was estimated and presented. The incidence rates presented here refer to epidemiological weeks 1 to 52 of each year: 2016 and 2017. The bulletins, published by Brazilian Ministry of Health, containing the incidence rates are available at http://combateaedes.saude.gov.br/images/boletins-epidemiologicos/2016-Dengue_Zika_Chikungunya-SE52.pdf (Accessed 26 Jan 2018), and at http://portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2018/janeiro/23 /Boletim-2018-001-Dengue.pdf (Accessed 26 Jan 2018). An epidemiological week (EW) is a standardized method of counting weeks to allow for the comparison of data year after year. By international convention EWs are counted from Sunday to Saturday. The first EW of the year ends, by definition, on the first Saturday of January. The epidemiological calendar of 2016 and 2017, used by Brazilian Ministry of Health, are available at http://portalsinan.saude.gov.br/calendario-epidemiologico-2016 and at http://portalsinan.saude.gov.br/calendario-epidemiologico?layout=edit&id=161, respectively. (DOC 33 kb)Additional file 4:Table S3. Information of each participant were taken from patient’s file. * Geographic regions and state initials as follows: NORTH REGION: AC: Acre; AP: Amapá; AM: Amazonas; PA: Pará; RR: Roraima; RO: Rondônia; and TO: Tocantins. MIDWEST REGION: DF: Distrito Federal; GO: Goiás; MT: Mato Grosso; and MS: Mato Grosso do Sul. SOUTHEAST REGION: ES: Espírito Santo; MG: Minas Gerais; RJ: Rio de Janeiro; and SP: São Paulo. SOUTH REGION: PR: Paraná; RS: Rio Grande do Sul; and SC: Santa Catarina. NORTHEAST REGION: AL: Alagoas; BA: Bahia; CE: Ceará; MA: Maranhão; PB: Paraíba; PE: Pernambuco; PI: Piauí; RN: Rio Grande do Norte; and SE: Sergipe. (XLSX 154 kb)Additional file 5:Table S4. Analysis of the difference of Zika virus detection in all Brazilian regions during 2015–2016. The difference of Zika virus detection is shown by comparing all regions each other . Southeast, Midwest, and North were more likely for the detection of Zika virus than Northeast and South regions. No differences were observed in Zika virus detection between Southeast, Midwest, and North regions, or between the South and Northeast regions. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Chi-squared test. . (DOC 33 kb)


An increase in intracellular p62/NBR1 and persistence of Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei in infected mice linked to autophagy deficiency by Kamal U. Saikh et al., DOI: 10.1002/iid3.239.The cover image is based on the Original Research


Article title: Improving access to Indigenous medicine for patients in hospital-based settings: a challenge for health systems in northern CanadaAuthors: Nicole Redversa, Justina Marianayagamb and Be’sha BlondinaJournal: International Journal of Circumpolar HealthBibliometrics: Volume 78, Number 1DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22423982.2019.1577093The above article was incorrectly published into the regular issue 1 of 2019. The article has been republished into the correct Special Issue: Collaborative approaches to wellness and health equity in the Circumpolar North: Proceedings of the 2017 Northern, Rural, and Remote Health conference with the DOI 10.1080/22423982.2019.1589208, Volume 78, Number 02.


Correction to: Experimental & Molecular Medicine (2011) 43(3), 138-145; 10.3858/emm.2011.43.3.016; Published Online: 7 February 2011After publication of this article, the authors noticed an error in the figure section.The correct figures of this article should have read as below.The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused.


Steel N, Ford JA, Newton JN, et al. Changes in health in the countries of the UK and 150 English Local Authority areas 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2018; published online Oct 24.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32207-4—In this Article, an incorrect version of figure 1 was published. This has been corrected online as of Oct 26, 2018, and is correct in the print Article.


Age at first birth and cardiovascular risk factors in the 1958 British birth cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017;71:691–8. doi: 10.1136/jech-2016-208196.Lacey RE, Kumari M, Sacker A, There is an error in table 1– part of the age at first birth information is missing for men.The categories for men should be:


Correction to: Cell Death and Disease10.1038/cddis.2017.75, published online 9 March 2017Following the publication of this article, the authors noticed an error in Fig.


The first two authors, Adna Suelen Dorigo and Annelise de Souza Rosa-Fontana, should be noted as contributing equally to this work.50 appears incorrectly throughout the text. The correct LC50 value is 27.48 dimethoate / larvae. The lower and upper limits of the LC50 value appears incorrectly in the Results. They should be 19.8 and 35.16 ng dimethoate / larvae, respectively.The value of LC50 variable measurement. The correct variable measurement is: LC50: mean lethal concentration in ng /larvae. Please see the correct In


GBD Diarrhoeal Diseases Collaborators. Estimates of global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoeal diseases: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Infect Dis 2017; published online June 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30276-1—In this Article, the equation to correct the proportion estimates for exposure misclassification due to diagnostic error has been corrected in the fourth paragraph of the Aetiology section and on appendix p 14. These corrections have been made to the online version as of June 14, 2017.


Cell Death and Disease7, e2440 (2016); 10.1038/cddis.2016.266; published online 27Oct 2016.Correction to: https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2016266) and in the previous erratum version (https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2016446). This is not correct.The authors wish to point out that the name of the first author is appearing incorrectly on Pubmed: it should be El Ghouzzi V (and not Ghouzzi VE). In addition, the words “and p53” appear at the end of the title in the original publication (


Cell Death & Disease8, e3146; 10.1038/cddis.2017.560; published online: 26 Oct 2017.Correction to: The PDF and HTML versions of the article have been updated to include the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License information.


Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 68, No. 13 pp. 3529–3539, 2017; doi:10.1093/jxb/erx200The original manuscript contained errors in some of the figures used.In These figures have now been updated with corrected versions.