The genomes of two newly emerged Newcastle disease virus strains, chicken/Indonesia/Mega/001WJ/2013 and chicken/Indonesia/Cimanglid/002WJ/2015, from disease outbreaks in chickens in Indonesia are reported. Phylogenetic analysis of different genotypes of Newcastle disease virus using the F gene coding sequences suggests that these two strains belong to genotype VII.2, in class II of avian paramyxoviruses. The genomes of two newly emerged Newcastle disease virus strains, chicken/Indonesia/Mega/001WJ/2013 and chicken/Indonesia/Cimanglid/002WJ/2015, from disease outbreaks in chickens in Indonesia are reported. Phylogenetic analysis of different genotypes of Newcastle disease virus using the F gene coding sequences suggests that these two strains belong to genotype VII.2, in class II of avian paramyxoviruses. Orthoavulavirus  (–Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most severe infectious diseases of chickens. The causative agent, ND virus (NDV), is a member of the avian genus viridae) . NDV is viridae) , 3. NDV viridae) –6. Receniridae) –.de novo assembled using Unicycler v0.4.4 with default parameters (HQ697255), respectively. A gap in the sequence of Mega/001WJ was closed using reverse transcriptase PCR (Qiagen) and Sanger sequencing  under BioProject number PRJNA613298.The genome sequences for Mega/001WJ and Cimanglid/002WJ were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers


Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-019-55068-z, published online 10 December 2019Correction to: This Article contains a typographical error in the Acknowledgements section.http://ncn.gov.pl), grant DEC 2016/21/B/ST7/02241. The results published here are in part based upon data generated by TCGA managed by the NCI and NHGRI. Information about TCGA can be found at http://cancergenome.nih.gov.”“This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 66740, the Academy of Finland, the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finnish Cancer Associations and by National Science Centre, Poland (should read:https://ncn.gov.pl), grant DEC 2016/21/B/ST7/02241. The results published here are in part based upon data generated by TCGA managed by the NCI and NHGRI. Information about TCGA can be found at https://cancergenome.nih.gov.”“This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 667403 for HERCULES, the Academy of Finland, the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finnish Cancer Associations and by National Science Centre, Poland (


Cell Death & DiseaseCorrection to: 10.1038/cddis.2017.193 published online 18 May 2017Since online publication of this article, the authors noticed that there was an error in Figs.


This article has been corrected: During the assembly of images for Figure 5, the image for Day 1 in the control (PBS) group, seen in panel A, was erroneously copied to Day 2 as well. The corrected Figure 5, obtained using the original data, is shown below. The authors declare that these corrections do not change the results or conclusions of this paper.109894-109914. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.22493Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:109894–109914.


Drosophila melanogaster (DGRP) allowed us to rediscover three known cases of adaptation at the loci Ace, Cyp6g1, and CHKov1 known to be driven by soft sweeps, and detected additional candidate loci for recent and strong sweeps. Surprisingly, all of the top 50 candidates showed patterns much more consistent with soft rather than hard sweeps. Recently, Harris et al. 2018 criticized this work, suggesting that all the candidate loci detected by our haplotype statistics, including the positive controls, are unlikely to be sweeps at all and that instead these haplotype patterns can be more easily explained by complex neutral demographic models. They also claim that these neutral non-sweeps are likely to be hard instead of soft sweeps. Here, we reanalyze the DGRP data using a range of complex admixture demographic models and reconfirm our original published results suggesting that the majority of recent and strong sweeps in D. melanogaster are first likely to be true sweeps, and second, that they do appear to be soft. Furthermore, we discuss ways to take this work forward given that most demographic models employed in such analyses are necessarily too simple to capture the full demographic complexity, while more realistic models are unlikely to be inferred correctly because they require a large number of free parameters.Whether hard sweeps or soft sweeps dominate adaptation has been a matter of much debate. Recently, we developed haplotype homozygosity statistics that (i) can detect both hard and soft sweeps with similar power and (ii) can classify the detected sweeps as hard or soft. The application of our method to population genomic data from a natural population of  Cyp6g1, Ace, and CHKov1. Recently, Harris et al. 2018 have claimed that the selective sweeps we identified are false positives and are more likely to be explained by an admixture demographic history. Moreover, they claim that these neutral non-sweeps are more likely to be hard sweeps rather soft sweeps. Here we re-assess our and Harris et al’s work and find that given a reasonably well-fitting demographic model, soft sweeps are a dominant mode of adaptation in North American Drosophila melanogaster.Whether hard versus soft sweeps dominate adaptation has long been a matter of great debate. Recently, we proposed novel statistics that can identify and differentiate hard and soft sweeps and found that soft sweeps are surprisingly common in North American Drosophila melanogaster. Among our top ranking candidates are three well-known soft sweeps at the loci  Drosophila melanogaster. Recent studies suggest that (i) ~50% of amino acid changing and non-coding substitutions in D. melanogaster evolution were adaptive, and (ii) there are abundant signatures of adaptation in the population genomic data detectable as reductions of neutral diversity in the regions of higher functional divergence and as elevation in the frequencies of derived alleles above neutral expectations  base pairs, where Ne is the population size and rho is the recombination rate. As an example, sweeps with s = 0.05% are likely to generate sweeps spanning 10kb windows when rho = 5*10^-7. As rho increases, only those selective sweeps with s>0.05% should be observed in 10kb windows.To circumvent the issue of defining a window size, another approach is to use H-scan  or nSL  to identWindows defined in terms of SNPs versus base pairs. Windows defined in terms of SNPs are all guaranteed to have the same number of SNPs, which then can be used to define the number and frequencies of haplotypes in a window. These SNP-based windows are fully capable of detecting complete hard sweeps . The selection coefficient and partial frequency of the sweeps were drawn from uniform priors ranging from 0 to 1.S1 FigAce, Cyp6g1, and CHKov1.Each point represents the mean Pi/bp value in a 10Kb window. Red vertical lines indicate the positions of the positive controls, (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S2 FigAce, Cyp6g1, and CHKov1.Each point represents the mean S/bp value in a 10Kb window. Red vertical lines indicate the positions of the positive controls, (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S3 Fig2015 [Ne = 106 model, (B) a constant Ne = 2.7x106 model, (C) a severe short bottleneck model, (D) a shallow long bottleneck model, (E) the implemented admixture model in Garud et al. 2015 [et al. 2015 [2015 . The disal. 2015 , and (F)al. 2015 . Short i(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S4 Fig, Harris et al. [, and Arguello et al [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2018 [et al. 2019 [, Harris s et al. , and Arglo et al . The dislo et al , Harris lo et al , and Arglo et al . The modal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2018 , simulatal. 2019 . Short i(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S5 FigFig 3J and 3K) (A) A variant of the Duchen et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [The distribution of Pi/bp computed in short introns of length 10bps or longer in DGRP data is compared with Pi/bp values computed in two demographic models inferred in this paper to fit the DGRP  A val. 2013  admixtural. 2013 . Short i(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S6 Fig2015 [Ne = 106 model, (B) a constant Ne = 2.7x106 model, (C) a severe short bottleneck model, (D) a shallow long bottleneck model, (E) the implemented admixture model in Garud et al. 2015 [et al. 2015 [2015 . These p2015 . The modal. 2015 , and (F)al. 2015 . The roo(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S7 Fig, Harris et al. [, and Arguello et al [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2018 [et al. 2019 [, Harris s et al. , and Arglo et al . These plo et al , Harris lo et al , and Arglo et al . The modal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2018 , simulatal. 2019 . The roo(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S8 FigFig 3J and 3K) (A) A variant of the Duchen et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [These plots quantify the fit of the distributions plotted in al. 2013  admixtural. 2013 . (B) A val. 2013  admixtural. 2013 . The roo(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S9 Fig2015 [Ne = 106 model, (B) a constant Ne = 2.7x106 model, (C) a severe short bottleneck model, (D) a shallow long bottleneck model, (E) the implemented admixture model in Garud et al. 2015, and (F) the implemented admixture + bottleneck model in Garud et al. 2015. Short intron lengths matching those in data were used were used in simulations. Each simulation contains10x the number of short intron fragments as observed in the data. 2015 . The dis(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S10 Fig, Harris et al. [, and Arguello et al [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2018 [et al. 2019 [, Harris s et al. , and Arglo et al . The dislo et al , Harris lo et al , and Arglo et al . The modal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2018 , simulatal. 2019 . Short i(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S11 FigFig 3J and 3K) (A) A variant of the Duchen et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [The distribution of S/bp computed in short introns of length 10bps or longer in DGRP data is compared with S/bp values computed in two demographic models inferred in this paper to fit the DGRP  A val. 2013  admixtural. 2013 . Short i(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S12 Fig2015 [Ne = 106 model, (B) a constant Ne = 2.7x106 model, (C) a severe short bottleneck model, (D) a shallow long bottleneck model, (E) the implemented admixture model in Garud et al. 2015 [et al. 2015 [2015 . These p2015 . The modal. 2015 , and (F)al. 2015 . The roo(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S13 Fig, Harris et al. [, and Arguello et al [S10 Fig. The distribution of S/bp computed in short introns of length 10bps or longer in DGRP data is compared with S/bp values computed in a range of simulated neutral demographic models from Duchen et al. [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2018 [et al. 2019 [, Harris s et al. , and Arglo et al . These pn et al. , Harris n et al. , and Argn et al. . The modal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2018 , simulatal. 2019 . The roo(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S14 FigFig 3J and 3K) (A) A variant of the Duchen et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [These plots quantify the fit of the distributions plotted in al. 2013  admixtural. 2013 . (B) A val. 2013  admixtural. 2013 . The roo(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S15 Fig2015 [Ne = 106 model, (B) a constant Ne = 2.7x106 model, (C) a severe short bottleneck model, (D) a shallow long bottleneck model, (E) the implemented admixture model in Garud et al. 2015 [et al. 2015. The number of analysis windows generated for the simulated models  equals the number of analysis windows for the DGRP data, after excluding regions of low recombination rates. The red points indicate the H12 values for the top 50 peaks in the DGRP data.2015 . The DGRal. 2015 , and (F)(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S16 Fig, Harris et al. [, and Arguello et al [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2018 [et al. 2019 [, Harris s et al. , and Arglo et al . The DGRlo et al , Harris lo et al , and Arglo et al . The modal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2018 , simulatal. 2019 . The num(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S17 FigFig 3J and 3K and are (A) A variant of the Duchen et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [The two models are depicted in al. 2013  admixtural. 2013 . (B) A val. 2013  admixtural. 2013 . The num(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S18 Fig2015 [Ne = 106 model, (B) a constant Ne = 2.7x106 model, (C) a severe short bottleneck model, (D) a shallow long bottleneck model, (E) the implemented admixture model in Garud et al. 2015 [et al. 2015 [2015 . These pal. 2015 , and (F)al. 2015 . The roo(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S19 Fig, Harris et al. [, and Arguello et al [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [et al. 2018 [et al. 2019 [, Harris s et al. , and Arglo et al . These pal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2013 , simulatal. 2018 , simulatal. 2019 . The roo(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S20 FigFig 3J and 3K (A) A variant of the Duchen et al. 2013 [et al. 2013 [These plots quantify the fit of the distributions plotted in al. 2013  admixtural. 2013 . (B) A val. 2013  admixtural. 2013 . The roo(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S21 Fig(A) Quantile-quantile plot of H12 values within +/-1 SD of the median value in the DGRP data are compared with a random sample from the fitted Gaussian. The Gaussian was simulated with the mean equalling the median value of H12 in the DGRP data, and the standard deviation estimated from points within 1 standard deviation around the median (Methods). (B) Comparison of distribution of H12 values in DGRP data with that of a simulated Gaussian with a mean and standard deviation from (A). The vertical blue line indicates 11 standard deviations away from the mean of the simulated Gaussian distribution. The red points indicate the H12 values for the top 50 peaks in the DGRP data. (C) QQ-plot of H12 from the entire distribution of DGRP values compared with the same simulated Gaussian from (A). The distribution of H12 values in DGRP data has an extreme elevated tail compared to expectations under a Gaussian (D) QQ-plot comparing H12 values from a constant Ne = 2.7*10^6 model with a Gaussian fitted to its bulk (Methods). Neutral simulations lack the elevated tail present in the data.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S22 FigWe computed Pi, S, and H12 in variants of the admixture model proposed by Duchen et al. 2013 . The adm(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S23 FigsSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with constant population sizes in Europe and North America . In S6 t(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S24 FigsSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with constant population sizes in Europe and North America . In S6 t(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S25 FigsSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with constant population sizes in Europe and North America . In S6 t(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S26 FigsSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with constant population sizes in Europe and North America . In S6 t(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S27 FigsSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with constant population sizes in Europe and North America . In S6 t(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S28 FigsSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with varying growth rates in Europe and North America . In S11–(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S29 FigsSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with varying growth rates in Europe and North America . In S11–(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S30 FigsSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with varying growth rates in Europe and North America . In S11–(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S31 FigsSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with varying growth rates in Europe and North America . In S11–(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S32 FigsSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with varying growth rates in Europe and North America . In S11–(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S33 FigsSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with varying growth rates in Europe and North America . In S11–(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S34 FigSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with varying admixture proportions between Europe and North America . Admixtu(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S35 FigSummary statistics S, Pi, H12, and LD were measured in admixture models with varying amounts of migration between Europe and North America . Migrati(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S36 Figth-30th and the (B) 31st—50th peaks in the DGRP scan.Same as (TIFF)Click here for additional data file.


Bone Research 10.1038/boneres.2017.44, published online 26 September 2017Correction to: During a reread of our article previously published in Bone Research, we regrettably found that the second lane of originally published Fig.


Experimental & Molecular MedicineCorrection to: 10.1038/emm.2016.168 published online 17 March 2017After online publication of this article, the authors noticed an error in Fig. In the version of this article originally published, Fig.


Cell Discovery (2020) 6:31Correction to: 10.1038/s41421-020-0168-9 Published online 04 May 20201, an error was identified in the Data availability section. The accession number of the dataset was updated. The corrected Data availability appears below:Following publication of the original articlehttps://bigd.big.ac.cn/gsa.The raw sequence data reported in this paper has been deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive  in National Genomics Data Center (Nucleic Acids Res 2020), Beijing Institute of Genomics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, under Project Accession No. PRJCA002413 (GSA Accession No. CRA002497) that are publicly accessible at


Differential globalization of industry‐ and non‐industry‐sponsored clinical trials. PLoS One. 10(12), 1‐17. ,2https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008932.Viergever, R.F., Li, K. (2015). Trends in global clinical trial registration: An analysis of numbers of registered clinical trials in different parts of the world from 2004 to 2013. BMJ Open. 5(9).  Major reasons for this trend include the collective promotion of global health and the need to rapidly and effectively respond to threats to human health worldwide. The latest epidemic of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) showed us that the systems put in place for the development of international clinical research were not ready to face the challenge of controlling that deadly disease.3https://doi.org/10.17226/24739.Keusch, G., McAdam, K., Cuff, P., Mancher, M., Busta, E.R. (2017). Integrating Clinical Research into Epidemic Response. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. ,4https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31602-1.Keusch, G.T., McAdam, K.P.W.J. (2017). Clinical trials during epidemics. Lancet. 389(10088), 2455‐2457.  In addition to EVD, many diseases without new drugs and/or vaccines are listed in the reports published by the World Health Organization (WHO),5https://www.who.int/blueprint/en/.World Health Organization. (2018). A research and development Blueprint for action to prevent epidemics. Retrieved January 20, 2018, from  the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA),6https://www.ghsagenda.org/packages.Global Health Security Agenda. (2014). Action Packages. Retrieved April 26, 2019 from  and the World Bank‐sponsored International Vaccine Task Force.7https://doi.org/10.1126/science.301.5637.1182b.Academy of Medical Sciences. (2018). Money and Microbes : Strengthening Clinical Research Capacity to Prevent Epidemics (English). Washington, D.C.: Publisher. The early 218https://crigh.org/://crigh.org/Clinical Research Initiative for Global Health. (2019). Overview. Retrieved July 24, 2019 from  was launched in 2017 corresponding to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recommendations9OECD Global Science Forum. (2011). OECD Global Science Forum Facilitating International Cooperation in Non‐Commercial Clinical Trials Facilitating International Cooperation in Non‐Commercial Clinical Trials Organisation for Economic Co‐Operation and Development. Global Science Forum. for better global governance of international non‐commercial clinical research. CRIGH will encourage international cooperation to rapidly and efficiently respond to global health challenges which are mentioned above.The Clinical Research Initiative for Global Health (CRIGH)10https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0870.1000219.Forjuoh, S.N. (2015). Challenges Associated with Multi‐institutional Multi‐site Clinical Trial Collaborations: Lessons from a Diabetes Self‐Management Interventions Study in Primary Care. Journal of Clinical Trials. 05(03).  International clinical trials are even more complex than single‐country studies due to the diversity of legal and ethical frameworks. Researchers and sponsors who conduct an international and multi‐site trial face two problems with ethics reviews: the differences between the countries and duplicate reviews within one country.One of the major challenges is the need for multiple ethics reviews by institutional review boards (IRB) or research ethics committees (REC).11https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-009-1544-yDruml, C., Wolzt, M., Pleiner, J., Singer, E.A. (2009). Research ethics committees in Europe: Trials and tribulations. Intensive Care Medicine. 35(9), 1636‐1640. ,12https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2012-101282.Veerus, P., Lexchin, J., Hemminki, E. (2014). Legislative regulation and ethical governance of medical research in different European Union countries. Journal of Medical Ethics. 40(6), 409‐413.  and USA13https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.15-0706.Grady, C. (2015). Institutional review boards purpose and challenges. Chest. 148(5), 1148‐1155.  are widely available, however, there is limited information on ethics review systems for countries in other areas. Therefore, the CRIGH Research Bioethics project, co‐chaired by Council on Health Research for Development (COHRED), National Cancer Center Japan, and National Institutes of Health, conducted a cross‐sectional survey to understand the differences of ethics review systems and how these could present obstacles for promoting international collaborative trials by non‐profit, academic organizations, and to formulate recommendations to overcome these obstacles to facilitate ethical international collaborative health research and clinical trials.Information on the current ethics review system in the EU14https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/files/eudralex/vol-1/dir_2001_20/dir_2001_20_en.pdfEuropean Commission. (2019). Directive 2001/20/EC. Retrieved April 26, 2019 from  the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) –Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (GCP),15https://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/Guidelines/Efficacy/E6/E6_R1_Guideline.pdf.ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. (1996). Guideline For Good Clinical Practice. Retrieved April 26, 2019 from  Standards and operational guidance for ethics review of health‐related research with human participants published by WHO,16https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310666/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK310666.pdf.World Health Organization. (2011). Standards and Operational Guidance for Ethics Review of Health‐Related Research with Human Participants.; 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2019 from  and 45 CFR part 46.17https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2016-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2016-title45-vol1-part46.pdf.45 CFR 46. Retrieved April 26, 2019 from  In addition, the information from COHRED’s routine assessment of RECs using RHInnO Ethics18http://www.rhinno.net.RHInnO Ethics. Retrieved April 26, 2019 from  was used for the development of the questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 17 items regarding national ethics review system.We developed the survey items referring to four international standards: the EU Clinical Trial Directive (Directive 2001/20/EC),We recruited experts of ethics review system in each country by snowball sampling in Latin America, Oceania, and South East Asia. In African countries, COHRED used its network of research ethics committees to recruit national experts. The experts included chairs of IRBs/RECs, committee members, and a clinical researcher. The survey questionnaire was sent via e‐mail or Google Forms to the experts in 41 countries. Data collection periods were from November 2017 to June 2018.We had 31 responses (response rate = 75.7%): 17 in Africa, 9 in Asia, 4 in Latin America, and one from Australia.The legal basis of IRB/REC and the composition of committee members were similarly regulated; 81% (n=25/31) had a national requirement to establish IRB/RECs. Regarding the composition of committee members, 90% (n=28/31) required more than five members including at least one non‐scientific member in a committee, and 97% (n=30/31) required Conflict Of Interest management of committee members.There was substantial variation in the number of IRB/RECs Figure , in the Figure Our survey showed the differences in characteristics of ethics review systems, some being potential hurdles for conducting international and multi‐site trials: multiple ethics approvals for multi‐site trials within a country, lack of trained committee members to properly review the study, or different timeframes for the review. We can make four recommendations for accelerating and improving ethics review of international, multi‐site trials based on our survey results.19European Commission, op. cit. note 14. The USA has also planned to mandate single IRB review for multi‐site trial within the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) system.20https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12447.Gordon, V., Culp, M., Wolinetz, C. (2017). Final NIH Policy on the Use of a Single Institutional Review Board for Multisite Research. Clinical and Translational Science. 10(3), 130‐132.  However, only 13 countries mandate a “single opinion” for a multi‐site trial within their national borders. One challenge is that a single IRB cannot review the local context of each institution included as a research site. Another challenge could be “IRB shopping,” because researchers can choose IRBs for the review, and they can submit protocols to multiple IRBs until one is found that will approve the protocol. Despite these challenges, “single opinion” would be still beneficial for promoting international and multi‐site trials. Countries should at least provide an option for researchers to choose a “single opinion” approach for a multi‐site trial within one country.First, countries should strive to adopt “single opinion” for multi‐site clinical trials. A “single opinion” approach to multi‐site trial review within a country will reduce duplicate reviews and delays caused by the need to re‐review. Duplicate reviews within a country are a huge hurdle to promote an international and multi‐site trial. The EU has already mandated “single opinion” for multisite clinical trials carried out in more than one member state since 2001 based on its Clinical Trials Directive.Second, national requirements should include training and continuing education in research ethics for IRB/RECs members. The training of IRB/REC members could improve the protocol review, ensuring response in an adequate time and standardizing its quality. However, not all surveyed countries required training for IRB/REC members. A potential reason may be insufficient availability of educational tools and in multiple languages. Even if a country requires training for IRB/REC members, they cannot have effective education without resources. E‐learning approaches could be effective in countries with a large number of IRB/RECs and adequate internet infrastructure, and on‐site education could be implemented in countries with a small number of committees or low internet access. We need further discussion on the development of universal training tools in several languages and their availability through online platforms. Among its future activities, our group aims to assess the landscape of available tools.In addition to learning core competencies, IRB/REC members need to be up‐to‐date with changes in local regulation and their impact on ethics review . Moreover, we should consider streamlining the number of committees within a country to effectively and swiftly implement standardized education since countries with hundreds of IRB/REC represent a challenge to successful training.21https://www.who.int/ethics/review-committee/review_process/en/World Health Organization. (2018). Ethics Review Committee: review process. Retrieved December 25, 2018 from  the IRB/REC human resources and their experience, and the internal processes within each country, setting a 60‐day maximum provides an estimate for investigators, who could than plan and prepare accordingly before the international trial starts. We need to set minimal timeframe of ethics review to harmonize the starting point of international trials.Third, national requirements should include an adequate timeframe for the ethics review process. It is essential to establish a reasonable timeframe for the trial review, because ethics review in a country which has no timeframe requirement would cause a bottleneck for promoting an international multi‐site trial. Although the timeframe may depend on the type of review,Ethics22RHInnO Ethics, op. cit. note 18. also can provide solutions for the issues above, especially in the countries with under‐resourced IRBs/RECs and research systems. Many countries in Africa have implemented the RHInnO Ethics platform with support from the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trial Partnership (EDCTP), research funders, and international non‐profits. By providing real‐time access to a virtual REC Administrator qualified to manage complex clinical research at the level required by, for example, the US Department of Health and Human Services, the RHInnO Ethics platform can provide the ability to conduct high level efficient review in time to virtually any REC Administrator23Kasule, M., Wassenaar, D.R., IJsselmuiden, C., Mokgatla, B. (2016). Silent Voices: Current and Future Roles of African Research Ethics Committee Administrators. IRB Ethics and Human Research. 38(1), 13‐19. in Africa that has access to internet, and speed up clinical research substantially.24https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000658.Mokgatla, B., Bahati, P., IJsselmuiden, C.I. (2017). Enhancing the Efficiency and Quality of African Research Ethics Review Processes – Through an Automated Review Platform. Journal of AIDS Clinical Research. 8(2), 2. Fourth, technological innovations such as web‐based ethics review management and expert decision support platforms including RHInnO While we realize that working globally entails working with and respecting national autonomy, especially in the ethics of research, we also want to emphasize that it is time to harmonize ethics review processes for international multi‐site trials as an effective and low‐cost manner to achieve global health.


Open Biol.10, 190273. (Published Online 26 February 2020) (doi:10.1098/rsob.190273)This correction refers to an error in the affiliation of author ‘Tsung-Ming Chen’. It should be:3Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.This has now been corrected.


Correction to: BMC Infect Dis 20, 300 (2020).10.1186/s12879-020-05033-3Incorrect description: The data of the TB cases in Guangxi from January 2012 to June 2019 was obtained from the Guangxi center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (please see Data source section.http://wsjkw.gxzf.gov.cn/zfxxgk_49572/ggws/fdcrbyqgb/t5518731.shtml).Corrected sentence: The data of the TB cases in Guangxi from January 2012 to June 2019 was obtained from the website of Guangxi Health Management Committee .The research did not involve any direct participation by human subjects. The TB data were extracted from monthly reports maintained on public website (


The sixth author’s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006871The correct citation is: Borja LS, Coelho LB, Jesus MSd, de Queiroz ATL, Celedon PAF, Zanchin NIT, et al. (2018) High accuracy of an ELISA test based in a flagella antigen of Leishmania in serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis with potential to improve the control measures in Brazil—A Phase II study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12(10): e0006871. The authors apologize for the errors in the published article.


Correction to: Cell Commun Signal (2016) 14:32https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-016-0157-7Unfortunately, after publication of this article , it was AcknowledgementsWe are grateful for the technical support by Aruna Visavadiya, Ying Li, and Rhesa Dykes. Dr. Britta Engelhardt (Theodor Kocher institute) is thanked for providing the bEnd5 cells.FundingThis work was supported by NIH grant NS45734 and in part by NIH grant C06RR0306551 and the ETSU College of Medicine.Further to this, a duplicate image in Fig.


Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, an infection with high prevalence worldwide. Most of the infected individuals are either asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, but T. gondii can cause severe neurologic damage and even death of the fetus when acquired during pregnancy. It is also a serious condition in immunodeficient patients. The life-cycle of T. gondii is complex, with more than one infective form and several transmission pathways. In two animated videos, we describe the main aspects of this cycle, raising questions about poorly or unknown issues of T. gondii biology. Original plates, based on electron microscope observations, are also available for teachers, students and researchers. The main goal of this review is to provide a source of learning on the fundamental aspects of T. gondii biology to students and teachers contributing for better knowledge and control on this important parasite, and unique cell model. In addition, drawings and videos point to still unclear aspects of T. gondii lytic cycle that may stimulate further studies. Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis that is a zoonosis of significant medical and veterinary importance and is transmitted by several pathways. Marked advances regarding the control of several infectious diseases caused by parasitic protozoa have taken place in the last decades, especially those that spend part of their life-cycle inside host cells. Nevertheless, the epidemiological control and development of new chemotherapeutic agents with low toxicity and high specificity continue to constitute great challenges. Some of these diseases are restricted to specific areas of the world, as in the case of Chagas disease. Others, like toxoplasmosis, are widely distributed throughout the world .Additional file 6: Figure S6. Tachyzoite. Abbreviations: c, conoid; R, rhoptry; A, acidocalcisome; m, microneme; DG, dense granule.Additional file 7: Figure S7. Four Membranes of apicoplast (arrows). Inset, relative position of the apicoplast (A) to the nucleus (N) and Golgi complex (GC). (Image courtesy Dr. Erica Martins Duarte).Additional file 8: Figure S8. Scheme of sporozoite.Additional file 9: Figure S9. Scheme of bradyzoite.Additional file 10: Figure S10. Bradyzoite. Amylopectin granules (arrow).Additional file 11: Figure S11. Sporocyst suture of curved plates (arrowheads).Additional file 12: Figure S12. 3D scheme of a sporulated oocyst containing two sporocysts with 4 sporozoites each.Additional file 13: Figure S13. Section view of a sporulated oocyst.Additional file 14: Figure S14. Tachyzoite (purple) adhered to a lymphocyte (beige) [17].Additional file 15: Figure S15. Tachyzoite (purple) invading a macrophage (beige).Additional file 16: Figure S16. Parasitophorous vacuole: rosette of tachyzoites (purple), filamentous network (pink). Host cell (beige)Additional file 17: Figure S17. Sequence of intracellular cycle. a Adhesion, secretion of ropthries. b Moving junction: T. gondii assumes an hourglass shape. c Secretion of dense granules inside the parasitophorous vacuole. d Division, formation of the intravacuolar network, accumulation of acidocalcisomes (green) in the residual body. e Rosette of parasites. f Individualization and egress of parasites.Additional file 18: Figure S18. Cystogenesis. a Invasion. b establishment of parasitophorous vacuole. c Division. d Bradyzoite secretion. e, f Cyst wall thickens, bradyzoites continue to divide. g The cyst inside the host cell.Additional file 19: Figure S19. Tissue cyst in the brain of a mouse. Bradyzoites (purple) surrounded by a thick cyst wall (yellow). Blood vessel (red).Additional file 20: Figure S20. Tissue cyst. A cystwall (arrowhead). Amylopectin granules (asterisk), granular matrix (black star).Additional file: Video S1. Part 1- Life cycle of T. gondii in the feline host.Additional file: Video S2. Part 2- Life cycle of T. gondii in the human intermediate host.Additional file 23. Slide show of T. gondii biological cycle, developmental stages and main organelles.


Bioinformatics (2019) doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz828Correction text: The first version of this article placed the index of summation after, rather than below, the sum symbol in Equations 2, 3, and 4. This has now been corrected online. The publisher apologises for the error.


British Journal of Cancer (2014) 111, 1293–1304; 10.1038/bjc.2014.410, published online 22 July 2014Correction to: Since the publication of this paper, the authors have been alerted by a reader to a duplication of the NTS non-treated and treated bands appearing in Fig.


In the manuscript “In time: The value and global implications of newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency”, DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2018;36;4;00020, published in the Rev Paul Pediatr. 2018;36(4):388-397:Page 388:Where it reads:Cristina MeehanaJolan WalterIt should read:Cristina A. MeehanJolan E. WalterPage 389:Page 389: Where it reads:It should read:Page 390, first column:Where it reads:It should read:Page 390, second column:Where it reads:11,29,30However, since the implementation of SCID NBS depends on state legislatures, the implementation time is variable across the United States. Since the first pilot program began in Wisconsin in 2009, 47 of the 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have sequentially implemented or have committed to implement SCID NBS .It should read:11,29,30Since the first pilot program began in Wisconsin in 2008, all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have sequentially implemented SCID NBS Where it reads:It should read:Page 394,Where it reads:[...] Analysis of screening of three million newborns for SCID after the initiation of SCID NBS confirmed a higher-than-expected prevalence of 1:58,000, increasing from 1:100,000 in 2009 prior to NBS. [...]It should read:25 [...][...] Analysis of screening of three million newborns for SCID after the initiation of SCID NBS confirmed a higher-than-expected prevalence of 1:58,000, increasing from 1:100,000 in 2008 prior to NBS.Where it reads:We thank and acknowledge Dr. Jane Carver from the University of South Florida, for their assistance in the editing of this document.It should read:We thank and acknowledge Dr. Jane Carver from theUniversity of South Florida for assistance in editing this document.Page 395,Where it reads:30. Jeffrey Modell Foundation. Newborn screening for SCID. Update on the implementation of newborn screening for SCID in the United States [Internet]. August 2018 . Available at: http://www.info4pi.org/ town-hall/newborn-screeningIt should read:30. Adapted from Jeffrey Modell Foundation. Newborn screening for SCID. Update on the implementation of newborn screening for SCID in the United States [Internet]. December 2018 . Available at: http://www.info4pi.org/ town-hall/newborn-screening.


Cyanoacrylate alone or in combination with other interventions, can be used to achieve variable rates of success in preventing rebleeding. Our study aims to assess the pooled risk of gastric and esophageal varices rebleeding after an initial treatment with cyanoacrylate alone and/or in combination with other treatments, by a systematic review of the literature and pooled analysis.STATA Version 15 which was also used to generate forest plots for pooled analysis. The random or fixed effect model was applied depending on the heterogeneity (I2).PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane library were searched for studies that reported the risk of rebleeding during the follow-up period after treatment of gastric or esophageal varices with either cyanoacrylate alone or in combination with other treatments. Standard error, upper and lower confidence intervals at 95% confidence interval for the risk were obtained using A total of 39 studies were found to report treatment of either gastric or esophageal varices with either cyanoacrylate alone or in combination with other treatments. When gastric varices are treated with cyanoacrylate alone, the risk of rebleeding during the follow-up period is 0.15. When combined with lipiodol; polidocanol or sclerotherapy the rebleeding risks are 0.13 (CI:0.03–0.22), 0.10(CI:0.02–0.19), and 0.10(CI:0.05–0.18), respectively. When combined with percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization; percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization; endoscopic ultrasound guided coils; or with ethanolamine, the rebleeding risk are 0.10(CI:0.03–0.17), 0.10(CI:0.03–0.17), 0.07(CI:0.03–0.11) and 0.08(CI:0.02–0.14), respectively.When esophageal varices are treated with cyanoacrylate alone, the risk of rebleeding is 0.29(CI:0.11–0.47). When combined with percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization; sclerotherapy; or band ligation, the risks of rebleeding are 0.16(CI:0.10–0.22), 0.12(CI:0.04–0.20) and 0.10(CI:0.04–0.24), respectively. When combined with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; or ethanolamine, the risks of rebleeding are 0.06(CI: − 0.01-0.12) and 0.02 (CI: − 0.02-0.05), respectively.In treating both gastric and esophageal varices, cyanoacrylate produces better results in terms of lower risk of rebleeding when combined with other treatments than when used alone. The combination of cyanoacrylate with ethanolamine or with endoscopic ultrasound guided coils produces the lowest risk of rebleeding in esophageal and gastric varices, respectively. We call upon randomized trials to test these hypotheses. Liver cirrhosis is the leading cause of portal hypertension which in turn, leads to portal hypertension and gastrointestinal varices. Up to 17% of liver cirrhosis patients will develop esophageal varices, while 15% will develop gastric varices. Up to 30%, gastroesophageal varices will bleed within 2 years .From older literature, half of the variceal hemorrhages would stop spontaneously however, the risk of rebleeding and mortality increases significantly . CurrentAlso known as “tissue glue”, tissue adhesives were approved by the United States of America’s Food and Drug Authority in 1998, however, there have been previous studies reporting their use as back as the year 1981 , cyanoacCyanoacrylate can be used alone or in combination with other interventions, to achieve variable rates of successes in hemostasis, reducing mortality and prevention of rebleeding. Our study was aimed at assessing the overall risk of gastroesophageal rebleeding after an initial treatment with cyanoacrylate alone and/or in combination with other treatments, by a systematic review of literature and pooled analysis.The current study involved participants with bleeding gastroesophageal varices who underwent hemostasis by cyanoacrylate injection alone or in combination with other treatments. Observational and interventional studies reporting the risk of rebleeding after hemostasis treatment were included. Extending the external validity, eligible English published literature from across the world were included.Four online databases, namely PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched with no time range specified. Secondary referencing of eligible studies extended the search scope. The last search was conducted on 4th March 2020.EndNote X9  which kept track of references.Advanced search tools employing MeSH and keywords, were utilized in all three online databases. Using PubMed, advanced search was done as; (cyanoacrylate [MeSH Terms]) AND endoscopic hemostasis [MeSH Terms]) AND esophageal varices [MeSH Terms]) OR gastric varices [MeSH Terms]) AND reble*. The search was repeated as; (adhes*) AND endosc*) AND varic*) AND reble*. The searches were independently performed by two authors; ZH and JS. Results were exported to Two authors screened titles and abstracts of all articles from online database searches to identify the most relevant articles in line with our study question. The relevant articles were sought for full texts and finally included studies were identified after thorough reading full text articles to assess inclusion and exclusion criteria. This process was done by two authors; ZH and JS with the third author, TL assisting to resolve discrepancies. The search, screening, and study identification process are summarized in Fig. Before the data extraction process from full-text articles meeting eligibility criteria for inclusion, assessment for methodological biases was done by using the Joanna Briggs institute meta-analysis of statistics assessment and review instrument. PRISMA  of the studies when analyzing the outcomes. The fixed effect model was used when I2 was less than 50% and the random effect model was used when I2 was more than 50% indicating significant heterogeneity.The risk of rebleeding was calculated dividing the number of patients rebleeding during the follow-up period after endoscopic hemostasis by the total number of patients that initially underwent the endoscopic hemostasis procedure. The denominator did not include patients lost during the follow up. Standard error, upper and lower confidence intervals  for the risk, were obtained from the “generate command” in computer software Participants were considered to have been correctly diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric or esophageal varices, and not due to other causes such as Mallory-Weiss tear or gastritis. Despite the country under which treatment was given, all patients were considered to have received standard care.Webb et al. (1981)  did. (2003)  and Smitet al. 20 [14] uti. (2004)  and Zhan. (2007)  used KorTable A total of 39 studies reported 3630 who had either gastric or esophageal variceal and underwent hemostasis with cyanoacrylate alone or in combination with other treatments. A total of 497 had gastric or esophageal recurrent bleeding episodes during the follow-up period.Figure 2 of 99.7%, p-Value< 0.05. This led us to conduct sensitivity analysis, eliminating peculiar studies from the analysis. Figure Ramond et al. (1989) [Soga et al. (2010) [D’Imperio et al. (1996) [Omar et al. (1998) [Noophun et al. (2005) [Rivet et al. (2009) [Cheng et al. (2010) [Binmoellar et al. (2011) [Tantau et al. (2013) [Kind et al. (2000) [Tan et al. (2006) [Procaccini et al. (2009) [Choudhuri et al. (2010) [Mishra et al. (2010) [Liao et al. (2013) [Singh et al. (2016) [Cheng et al. (2007) [Kuo et al. (2007) [Huo et al. (2009) [Kang et al. (2011) [Al-Baward et al. (2016) [Xiaoqing et al. (2019) [Evrad et al. (2003) [Hong et al. (2009) [Soga et al. (2010) [Liu et al. (2019) [Sigh et al. (2016), Procaccini et al. (2009), and Kind et al. (2000) were excluded for distinct follow-up times. Each of the 4 remaining studies had an estimate of 2 years of follow-up. The resulting overall pooled risk was 0.15  with no significant heterogeneity .There was a significant heterogeneity observed with I. 1989)  and Soga. 2010)  were cas89  and S10  were . (2005) , Rivet e. (2009) , Cheng e. (2010) , Binmoel. (2011)  and Tant. (2013)  had less. (2000) , Tan et . (2006) , Procacc. (2009) , Choudhu. (2010) , Mishra . (2010) , Liao et. (2013) , Singh e. (2007) , Kuo et . (2007) , Huo et . (2009) , Kang et. (2011) , Al-Bawa. (2016)  and Xiao. (2003) , Hong et. (2009) , Soga et. (2010)  and Liu . (2019)  were exc2 of 0.0%, p-Value = 0.53.7).Figure Thakeeb et al. (1995) [Maruyama et al. (2010) [Thakeeb reported 3 (i.e. risk = 0.052) rebleeding events among gastric variceal patients; and one (risk = 0.017) rebleeding events among esophageal varices patients. Maruayama reported 10 (i.e. risk =0.5) rebleeding events among gastric varices patients. Figure Two studies illustrated treatment with a combination of cyanoacrylate and ethanolamine; . 1995)  and Maru. (2010) . Thakeeb  and MarBhat et al. (2016) [Robles-Medranda et al. (2019) [Bhat et al. (2016) reported 10 rebleeding events out of 125 gastric varices patients who were followed-up. This corresponds to the risk of 0.08 . Robles-Medranda et al. (2019) reported 1 rebleeding event out of 27 gastric varices patients, which corresponds to the risk of 0.04 . Figure Two studies illustrated treatment with a combination of cyanoacrylate and coils guided by endoscopic ultrasound; . 2016)  and Robl. (2019) . Bhat et  and RobZhang et al. (2007) [Zhang et al. (2008) [Tian et al. (2011) [Three studies illustrated treatment with a combination of cyanoacrylate and percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization in gastroesophageal varices; . 2007)  and Zhan. (2008)  involved. (2011)  involved  and ZhaFeretis et al. (1995) [Dhiman et al.(2002) [Two studies assessed the efficacy of a combination of cyanoacrylate and sclerotherapy in the treatment of gastroesophageal varices. In one study, . (1995)  comparedl.(2002)  assessedShi et al. (2014) [p-Value of 0.04. In another study, Ma et al. (2018) [In their study, . (2014)  compared. (2018)  combinedDai et al. (2017) [Zeng et al. (2017) [. (2017)  compared. (2017)  comparedTable Through decades-long progressive improvements in the treatment of gastroesophageal varices, cyanoacrylate has evolved to be one of the favored first lines of treatment. The current study was aimed at utilizing a systematic review of literature and pooled analysis to assess the overall risk of gastroesophageal rebleeding after an initial treatment with cyanoacrylate alone and/or in combination with other treatments.Hou et al. (2009) [Following the treatment of gastric varices with cyanoacrylate alone, 25 studies demonstrated different risks of rebleeding from the minimum of 0.04 to a maximum of 0.99 in another study, with the overall pooled risk of 0.30 . However, after getting rid of peculiar studies that increased heterogeneity, the resulting overall pooled risk was 0.15 . This risk of rebleeding coincides with that previously reported by . (2009)  but diffRivet et al. (2009) [Evrad et al. (2003) [Esophageal varices treated with cyanoacrylate alone showed the risk of rebleeding ranging from 0.25 to 0.38 in different studies with the pooled overall risk of 0.29 . Following a fewer number of studies, a meta regression could not be conducted. However, authors believe that the reason for the differences between studies to be due to different methodological approaches between the studies as . (2009)  followed. (2003) . The autThakeb et al. (1995) but differs from Maruyama who reported a higher risk of 0.5. The difference is accounted for by fewer sample size by Maruyama. On the other hand, when the combination is used to treat esophageal varices the risk of rebleeding is 0.017. From an otherwise weak basis, we hypothesis that esophageal varices in contrast to gastric varices, respond better to the combination of cyanoacrylate and ethanolamine, in terms of lower risk of rebleeding. We call upon clinical randomized clinical trials to test this hypothesis.When cyanoacrylate is combined with ethanolamine in the treatment of gastric varices the pooled risk of rebleeding after treatment is 0.08 . The result aligns with that reported by Bhat et al. (2016) [Robles-Medranda et al. (2019) [From our findings, when cyanoacrylate is combined with endoscopic ultrasound guided coils to treat gastric varices the pooled risk of rebleeding is 0.07. This finding is more or less similar to that reported by . (2016)  but is h. (2019) . The reaZhang et al. (2007) [Tian et al. (2011) [When esophageal varices are treated with a combination of cyanoacrylate and percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization the pooled risk of rebleeding is 0.16. This is coinciding with findings previously reported by . (2011)  when theThe risk of rebleeding in gastric varices treated with cyanoacrylate with sclerotherapy was lower by 0.02 from that of esophageal varices treated with the same combination. The difference could partly be due to more or less the same number of sample sizes among the two studies descriptively analyzed. In combination with other treatments such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration, it is evident that cyanoacrylate improves the efficacy of the treatment of gastroesophageal varices in terms of lowering rebleeding risk.Our study search was limited to English published literature; involved pooling of studies with different sample sizes, different study designs, and different follow-up durations. As demonstrated by Child-Pugh or the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) classifications, different studies involved participants with different extents of liver damage/cirrhosis. Despite a few studies involving either emergent  or electThese were thought to introduce heterogeneity in the pooled analysis. However, authors appraised eligible studies; performed sensitivity analyses, meta-regression, study exclusion, and used random effect models to deal with high heterogeneity among pooled studies. We also utilized PRISMA tools to minimize reporting biases.We call upon robust randomized studies taking into account biases encountered in our study and adequately matching participants by the extent of liver damage/cirrhosis; treatment urgency whether elective or emergency; lesion location and follow-up duration.In treating both gastric and esophageal varices, cyanoacrylate produces better results in terms of lower risk of rebleeding when combined with other treatments than when used alone. The combination of cyanoacrylate with ethanolamine or with endoscopic ultrasound guided coils produces the lowest risk of rebleeding in esophageal and gastric varices, respectively. We call upon randomized trials to test these hypotheses.


Nature Communications 10.1038/ncomms8769, published online 17 July 2015.Correction to: In this Article, there is an error in Fig.


Regenerative Biomaterials 2020doi: 10.1093/rb/rbaa022, Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2017; 5:1-7.”. This error has now been corrected, and the authors apologize for this oversight.In the originally published version of this article, the caption for Figure 8. did not credit the original source of the image: “Grosso A, Burger MG, Lunger A et al. It takes two to tango: coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis for bone regeneration.


Chen should be included in the author byline. Joe W. Chen should be listed as the second author, and his affiliation is 1: UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America. The contributions of this author are as follows: Methodology. The correct citation is: Lu B, Chen JW, Maharbiz MM (2019) Ion concentration polarization (ICP) of proteins at silicon micropillar nanogaps. PLoS ONE 14(11): e0223732. https://osf.io/za9xc.The Data Availability statement is incorrect. The raw data underlying Figs 3 and 6 are not provided in the published paper and its Supporting Information files. The authors have provided the raw data via OSF:


Correction to: Virol J 9, 163 (2012)http://www.virologyj.com/content/9/1/163Following publication of the original article , the autIn Fig. In Fig. In addition, we also repeated the experiments associated with Fig. We declare that the correction does not change the results or conclusions of this paper.


This article has been corrected: The authors requested to replace Figures 1, 2 and 5. The authors uploaded the wrong images by mistake during the preparation of the article. These corrections do not change any of the conclusions of the publication in any means. The corrected Figures 1, 2 and 5 are provided below. . https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102552Original article: Aging. 2019; 11:11520–11540.


National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day (NBHAAD) is observed each year on February 7 to highlight the continuing disproportionate impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on the U.S. black or African American (black) population. During 2018, blacks represented 13% of the U.S. population but accounted for 43% of all newly diagnosed HIV infections , was proposed. The plan calls for intensified efforts to diagnose, treat, prevent, and respond to HIV infections in the United States, with an overall goal of reducing new HIV infections by ≥90% by 2030 (MMWR issue presents data on CDC-funded HIV testing and outcomes among blacks who were tested in jurisdictions that are the initial focus of EHE. In these jurisdictions during 2017, blacks accounted for 43.2% of CDC-funded tests and 49.1% of newly diagnosed HIV infections (https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/racialethnic/africanamericans. Information about NBHAAD is available at https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/awareness/nbhaad.html. A study reported in this


Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:348–55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw098First published online: 8 June 2016, The originally published version of this article contained an algebraic definition of theregression model for interrupted time series (ITS) that could lead to erroneousinterpretations of the estimated parameters. This model was presented in the equation atpage 351, right column, and the following text. We provide here a more accuratedefinition.The correct equation should have been: The following text below the equation at page 351 (right column) and page 352 (leftcolumn), should read:“where The R code in Finally, the dyaa118_Supplementary_DataClick here for additional data file.


The correct names are: Asghari Bano and M.D. Ali Babar. The correct citation is: Khan N, Bano A, Babar MDA (2020) Impacts of plant growth promoters and plant growth regulators on rainfed agriculture. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231426. The word “Biosciences” is misspelled in the second affiliation. The correct affiliation is: Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan.The publisher apologizes for the errors.


A third of Medicare beneficiaries are enrolled in Medicare Advantage (MA); however, little is known about MA beneficiaries diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD). MA plans have incentives that may influence the type of beneficiaries who enroll/disenroll from plans and the documentation of diagnoses. We calculated the prevalence of diagnosed AD/ADRD in 2014 and 2016 in three MA plans representing ~30% of the MA market. We identified beneficiaries ≥65 years of age enrolled in the MA plans in 2014 and 2016. Among eligible beneficiaries, we identified individuals with AD/ADRD using ICD-9 (2014) and ICD-10 (2016) codes included in the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse algorithms for AD/ADRD. We determined the age and sex of beneficiaries diagnosed with AD/ADRD, and whether they disenrolled from the MA plan for any reason  within 364 days from the date they were first identified has having AD/ADRD . In 2014 and 2016 the prevalence of AD/ADRD diagnoses was 5.7% and 6.5%, respectively. In 2016, AD/ADRD beneficiaries were on average 82.4 (SD=7.3) years of age, 61.8% female, and had multiple comorbidities. By 364 days post-index, 32% of beneficiaries with diagnosed AD/ADRD had disenrolled from their plan. The characteristics of 2014 beneficiaries with diagnosed AD/ADRD were similar to their 2016 counterparts. In conclusion, MA beneficiaries with AD/ADRD are predominately female, have multimorbidity, and the age-stratified prevalence of AD/ADRD diagnoses is lower than rates reported in traditional Medicare.


Figure 1 was our self-made drawing modified and adapted from:In the original article, there was a mistake in Figure 1 as published. Netter's Surgical Anatomy and Approaches. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders (2014).Delaney CP. Glob Surg. (2018) 4:3. doi: 10.15761/GOS.1000196Radjindrin A, Shanmugam V. Does lateral pelvic lymph node matters in rectal cancer. The mistake made was not to mention in the legend of Figure 1 and references that our self-made drawing was adapted from the sources mentioned previously. The authors apologize for any inconvenience, and under no circumstance was it the authors' intention to neglect to declare use of sources. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.The references to Figure 1 have been updated in the original article.Netter's Surgical Anatomy and Approaches. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders (2014).Delaney CP. Glob Surg. (2018) 4:3. doi: 10.15761/GOS.1000196Radjindrin A, Shanmugam V. Does lateral pelvic lymph node matters in rectal cancer.


The following information is missing from the Funding statement: Nicholas D. Juleff was funded by Wellcome Trust intermediate-level research fellowship 091726/Z/10/Z.In the Population structure section of the Materials and Methods, a reference is omitted from the first sentence of the first paragraph.The correct sentence is: SNV variants in the inoculum were called by SiNPle  using an approximation of the Bayesian calling algorithm in Snape-pooled [41] suitable for high coverage.The reference is: Ferretti L, Tennakoon C, Silesian A, Freimanis G, Ribeca P. SiNPle: Fast and Sensitive Variant Calling for Deep Sequencing Data. Genes 2019, 10, 561.


JACMP has issued awards to several manuscripts deemed by the Board of Editors to be worthy of the designation “Best Papers.” These awards are selected by a committee of the Board of Editors and are supported by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). I offer my sincere congratulations to the authors of these outstanding contributions to the body of knowledge that comprises clinical medical physics.For the past several years, the http://www.jacmp.org/index.php/jacmp/article/view/4014/2902Yamak D, Pavlicek W, Boltz T, Panse P, Akay M. Coronary calcium quantification using contrast‐enhanced dual‐energy computed tomography scans. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2013;14(3). http://www.jacmp.org/index.php/jacmp/article/view/4262/2885Shang Q, Sheplan Olsen L, Stephans K, Tendulkar R, Xia P. Prostate rotation detected from implanted markers can affect dose coverage and cannot be simply dismissed. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2013;14(3). http://www.jacmp.org/index.php/jacmp/article/view/4062/2838Zhang A, Wen N, Nurushev T, Burmeister J, Chetty I. Comprehensive evaluation and clinical implementation of commercially available Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2013;14(2). It is the intent to have one “Best Paper” award winner, the Editor‐in‐Chief Award, invited to the podium during the Awards and Honors Ceremony of the Annual Meeting of the AAPM to accept the award. http://www.jacmp.org/index.php/jacmp/article/view/4077/2780Beyer G. Commissioning measurements for photon beam data on three TrueBeam linear accelerators, and comparison with Trilogy and Clinac 2100 linear accelerators. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2013;14(1). By listing the Best Papers of 2013, I would like to honor the award winners for their contributions to the clinical practice of medical physics, and thank the AAPM for its financial support.Michael D. Mills, PhDEditor‐in‐Chief


Phys Ther. (2019) 83:237–52.”In the original article, the reference for Marsh et al.  [referenParkinsons Dis. (2019) 2019:2478980. doi: 10.1155/2019/2478980.It should be Marsh R, Cole MH, Dissanayaka NNW, Au TR, Clewett S, O'Sullivan JD, et al. The CuePed trial: how does environmental complexity impact cue effectiveness? A comparison of tonic and phasic visual cueing in simple and complex environments in a Parkinson's disease population with freezing of gait. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


The erratum adds funding information missing from the Acknowledgments section of the originally published version of the article. J. Med. Imag.7(4), 042804 (2020) doi: 10.1117/1.JMI.7.4.042804] was originally published in Vol. 7, Issue 4 of the Journal of Medical Imaging (JMI) on 22 April 2020 with information missing from the Acknowledgments section. Specifically, the authors mistakenly omitted acknowledgment of financial support from FFG-FWO, Grant No. 861552. The article was republished with the correct, complete funding information on 21 December 2020.This article [


The name should be indexed as Mbabazi PS. The correct citation is: Hotez PJ, Harrison W, Fenwick A, Bustinduy AL, Ducker C, Mbabazi PS, et al. (2019) Female genital schistosomiasis and HIV/AIDS: Reversing the neglect of girls and women. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13(4): e0007025. There is an error in the article XML causing the eighth author’s name to be indexed incorrectly. The name should be indexed as Kjetland EF.


Article title: The integration of sexual and reproductive health and rights into universal health coverage: a FIGO perspectiveAuthors: Faysal El KakJournal: Sexual and Reproductive Health MattersBibliometrics: Volume 28, Number 1, article 1829796DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2020.1829796This article was originally published in issue 28.1. The article belongs instead to issue 28.2, a themed issue on “Universal Health Coverage: Sexual and Reproductive Rights in Focus.”The article has now been republished in the correct issue, 28.2.


Correction to: Trials (2019) 20:725https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3770-0Originally published phraseAfter publication of our article  the auth2018, with 120 patients randomized. Treatment with TMP finished in October 2019. We disposal the data at present. The current protocol version is 2.0, dated 28 September 2018.Correct phraseRecruitment started in September 2018 and is planned to end in October 2019, with 120 patients randomized. Treatment with TMP will be finished in March 2020. We disposal the data at present. The current protocol version is 2.0, dated 28 September 2018.Recruitment started in September 2018 and is planned to end in October


Correction to: Experimental & Molecular Medicine10.3858/emm.2011.43.8.051, published online 16 June 2011After online publication of this article, the authors noticed an error in the Fig. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused.


Keynote at the 20th European Conference on Eye Movement Research (ECEM) in Alicante, 22.8.2019Video stream:https://vimeo.com/361729502


Keynote by Enkelejda Kasneci at the 20th European Conference on Eye Movement Research (ECEM) in Alicante, 18.8.2019,Video stream of presentation: https://vimeo.com/356314274


The correct name is: Salim Benkhedda. The correct citation is: Alhabib KF, Gamra H, Almahmeed W, Hammoudeh A, Benkhedda S, Al Jarallah M, et al. (2020) Acute myocardial infarction and acute heart failure in the Middle East and North Africa: Study design and pilot phase study results from the PEACE MENA registry. PLoS ONE 15(7): e0236292. There is also an error in affiliation 5 for author Salim Benkhedda. The correct affiliation 5 is: Cardiology Oncology Collaborative Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Benkhedda Benyoucef University, Algeria.A research assistant’s name is also spelled incorrectly in the Acknowledgements section. The correct name is: Dahlia Djermane.


Correction: Journal of Neuroinfammation (2022) 19:38 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-022-02397-yThe part of the Data availability statement and Funding information section are missing in the original publication. The missing information are given below.Funding was provided by University of Rochester University Research Award: Targeting AXL in Alzheimer’s disease, Grant Nos. F30AG061939, NIH R01 AG030149, NIH R56 AG066397 from the National Institutes of Health, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE171195.All data generated or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Viral vectors used in this work can be obtained from Addgene.org, plasmids 202,540 and 202,541. RNAseq datasets can be found at


MGT110 4L ORF observed in the MAD/01/1998, MAU/01/2007 and TAN/01/2011 isolates. Furthermore, MOZ/01/2005 and Georgia 2007/1 only differ by a single synonymous SNP in the EP402R ORF, confirming that the closest link to Georgia 2007/1 is a virus that was circulating in Mozambique in 2005.Since the initial report of African swine fever (ASF) in Kenya in 1921, the disease has predominantly been confined to Africa. However, in 2007, an ASF genotype II virus of unknown provenance was introduced to Georgia. This was followed by its rampant spread to 73 countries, and the disease is now a global threat to pig production, with limited effective treatment and vaccine options. Here, we investigate the origin of Georgia 2007/1 through genome sequencing of three viruses from outbreaks that predated the genotype II introduction to the Caucasus, namely Madagascar (MAD/01/1998), Mozambique (MOZ/01/2005), and Mauritius (MAU/01/2007). In addition, genome sequences were generated for viruses from East African countries historically affected by genotype II  and Tanzania (TAN/01/2011)) and newly invaded southern African countries (Zimbabwe (ZIM/2015) and South Africa (RSA/08/2019). Phylogenomic analyses revealed that MOZ/01/2005, MAL/04/2011, ZIM/2015 and RSA/08/2019 share a recent common ancestor with Georgia 2007/1 and that none contain the large (~550 bp) deletion in the  Asfivirus within the Asfarviridae family, and it is currently the only known double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) [African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a haemorrhagic fever of domestic pigs with mortality rates approaching 100% . This unbovirus) ,3. The Abovirus) ,5. The gbovirus) ,6.p72) gene encoding virus protein 72 (VP72) [p72 and central variable region (CVR)/B602L data from Mozambique and other East African countries, and for outbreak strains from Madagascar provided the first indication that the origin of Georgia 2007/1 was from the eastern seaboard of Africa [p72 and CVR, that are used for genotype assignment and intra-genotypic resolution, respectively [p72 region of genotype II viruses from diverse African countries confirmed that these ASFVs are homogeneous and share common ancestry [ASFVs group within 24 genotypes (I–XXIV) based on the partial sequences of the C-terminal region of the B646L p2 gene en2 (VP72) ,9,10,11.2 (VP72) ,13. The f Africa . A subseancestry ,15.K177R gene sequence [The first report of ASFV genotype II in Georgia in 2007 marked the start of a major incursion into Eastern Europe, Russia, and later Asia, Western Europe and the Dominican Republic ,18,19,20sequence ,23. Diffhttps://www.sadc.int/member-states (accessed on 31 July 2023)) affected by genotype II. This was achieved by generating complete ASFV genome sequences for three viruses from Mozambique, Madagascar and Mauritius, which predate the 2007 excursion from Africa to Georgia, and four additional viruses (2011–2019) from the two SADC countries historically affected by genotype II  and the two newly-affected countries .The aim of this study was to investigate the origin of Georgia 2007/1 and the evolutionary relationships of south-east African outbreak strains by sequencing ASFVs from seven southern African development community (SADC) countries  Reference Laboratory for ASF at the Transboundary Animal Diseases Laboratory of the Agricultural Research Council—Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR) in South Africa. These isolates were selected based on temporal and geographical distribution to ensure the representation of seven of the eight SADC countries in which genotype II outbreaks have been reported/recorded. The viruses span a 21-year period  using prescribed reaction conditions.The viruses were cultured in primary bone marrow cells (PBMCs), harvested, and purified using a sucrose gradient purification method, as previously described ,26. Virawww.clcbio.com (accessed on 31 July 2023)). Between 41,566,834 and 131,025,188 reads were obtained for each of the samples. Low quality reads and adaptor sequences were removed prior to mapping against the reference sequence Georgia 2007/1 (FR682468.2) and extracting the consensus sequence. De novo assembly was also performed with the reads, and the resulting consensus sequence was compared to the one generated from the mapping analysis. Deletions, insertions and unique point mutations were verified through PCR-Sanger sequencing, with the major deletion described in The viral DNA was used to construct a sequencing library using the Truseq Nano DNA library preparation kit  according to manufacturers’ instructions. The libraries were quality controlled using the Qubit fluorometer  and PerkinElmer LabChip  instruments. Sequencing was performed using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument  using the V4 SBS chemistry, generating 2× 125-bp paired-end reads for each of the samples. Data generated for all seven viruses were analysed using CLC Genomics workbench v9.5.2  and for newly advocated gene targets .Complete genome sequences from genotype II ASFs representing Africa, Georgia 2007/1 (FR682468.2) and representative genomes of the three geographical clades previously described in Europe, Russia and Asia were obtained from GenBank and used to create an alignment with the newly generated consensus sequences . The alihttps://inqababiotec.co.za/ accessed on 31 July 2023) for Sanger sequencing.An approximately 550 bp deletion was detected in MAD/01/1998, MAU/01/2007 and TAN/01/2011 in relation to Georgia 2007/1. In order to validate the deletion, primers were designed to bind to regions flanking the deletion. Primers ASFV6980-F: 5′-CAT ACA GTG TTC CAT GGG ATA-3′ and ASFV8820-R: 5′-GGA CAA CTT CAT CCA ACG G- 3′ were each used at 0.5 µM, with 2 µL DNA template in a 25 μL reaction containing 12.5 μL GoTaq green master mix . Amplification was performed using a T100 Thermal cycler  at an annealing temperature of 55 °C. The PCR amplicons were run against the O’GeneRuler DNA Ladder Mix  and visualised on a 1% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide prior to submission to Inqaba Biotech, Pretoria, South Africa . Amplification using primers flanking the deleted region, resulted in shorter amplicons for MAU/01/2007, MAD/01/1998, and TAN/01/2011, compared to the other four viruses, thus confirming the ~550 bp deletion .EP402R (I118I) was identified between MOZ/01/2005 and Georgia 2007/1  and the African isolates. A single synonymous SNP in the open reading frame (ORF) a 2007/1 . This SNa 2007/1 . Additioa 2007/1 , 40 synoa 2007/1  and 6 sia 2007/1 , were oba 2007/1 . In conta 2007/1 . Four sya 2007/1 .The polymorphisms were subsequently evaluated for their potential role as markers to delineate the isolates from Africa. Three of the SNPs (MGF360-13L: G177D), (A859L: A427E) and (O61R: I181I) were discriminated between a group consisting of Georgia 2007/1, MOZ/01/2005 and RSA/08/2019 compared to the remaining sequences from Africa . AdditioAn analysis of the intergenic regions (IGRs) indicated two SNPs and two indels in the sequence of TAN/01/2011, which cluster this isolate with previously determined sequences from Tanzania and Malawi  . InteresSince the first introduction of genotype II ASFV to Georgia in 2007, the disease has spread across the Caucasus, Europe, Russia, Asia and the Dominican Republic . The comThe complete genome analyses performed in our study indicate that isolates from Mozambique (2005) and South Africa 2019) are more closely related to the Georgia 2007 virus than the latter is to the viruses currently circulating in Europe and Asia . The ful are moreThe viruses from South Africa (RSA/08/2019), Zimbabwe (ZIM/2015) and Malawi (MAL/04/2011), shared a recent common ancestor with Georgia 2007/1 and Mozambique (MOZ/01/2005); the percentage sequence identity ranged from 99.68% to 99.99% amongst the five ASFVs. In contrast to these closely related ASFVs, the sequences of isolates MAD/01/1998, MAU/01/2007 and TAN/01/2011 shared a recent common ancestor with the previously published viruses from Tanzania and Malawi (Tanzania/Rukwa/17/1 LR813622), MAL/19/Karonga (MW856068), TAN/17/Mbagala (ON409982), TAN/17/Kibaha (ON409979) and TAN/20/Mogorogo (ON409983). The divergence observed amongst the genotype II ASFVs from Africa further indicates that the Madagascar/2007 outbreak might have been related to the previous 1998 outbreak on the island, rather than a new introduction related to MOZ/01/2005 and subsequently Georgia 2007/1 ASFVs. A deletion of ~550 bp was detected in the genotype II genome sequences for Madagascar (MAD/01/1998), Mauritius (MAU/01/2007) and Tanzania (TAN/01/2011), which corresponds to a previously described deletion in the 5′ region of Tanzania/Rukwa/17/1, MAL/19/Karonga, TAN/17/Mbagala, TAN/17/Kibaha and TAN/20/Mogorogo ,22,23., MAL/19/Additionally, a significant difference between MAL/04/2011 (this study) and MAL/19/Karonga  was obseA comparison of the newly sequenced ASFVs to Georgia 2007/1, indicated 18 SNPs in the IGRs , and 51 Complete genome sequence analysis remains the gold standard in identifying novel SNPs and determining the evolution and molecular epidemiology of a virus population. Unfortunately, this is time-consuming and expensive, resulting in the study of individual markers to ascertain the spread and epidemiology of ASFVs during outbreaks. Various markers have been described to delineate the genotype II ASFVs circulating in Europe and Asia ,30. ThesEP402R between MOZ/01/2005 and Georgia 2007/1, it is suggested that a possible link exists between the founder ASFV in Georgia 2007/1 and viruses circulating concurrently in Mozambique. The study proved that the Georgia 2007/1 virus shared common similarities with RSA/08/2019 (South Africa), ZIM/2015 (Zimbabwe), MAL/04/2011  and MOZ/01/2005 (Mozambique). With regard to the evolutionary relationship between Georgia 2007/1 and ASFVs from this region, the study found a major divergence in viruses before and after Georgia 2007/1, highlighting the presence of ASFV genotype II clusters in Africa. These results underscore the need for sequencing additional genotype II strains from Africa with particular focus on earlier isolates in order to determine how diverse this genotype is.In conclusion, this study provides novel epidemiological findings on the origin of the virus introduced into Georgia in 2007. Due to a single synonymous SNP in the ORF


J Clin Invest. 2022;132(18):e161400. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI161400Original citation: J Clin Invest. 2023;133(11):e172059. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI172059Citation for this corrigendum: After the publication of this paper, the authors became aware of errors in data analysis due to an issue with the barcoding of samples that caused some samples to be excluded. The authors have repeated all of the analysis and corrected Supplemental Figures 5, 6, and 9. The supplemental file has been updated online.The authors regret the errors.


Given two random variables X and Y, the IB finds the stochastic mapping M of X that encodes the most information about Y, subject to a constraint on the information that M is allowed to retain about X. Despite the popularity of the IB, an accessible implementation of the reference algorithm oriented towards ease of use on empirical data was missing. Embo is optimized for the common case of discrete, low-dimensional data. Embo is fast, provides a standard data-processing pipeline, offers a parallel implementation of key computational steps, and includes reasonable defaults for the method parameters. Embo is broadly applicable to different problem domains, as it can be employed with any dataset consisting in joint observations of two discrete variables. It is available from the Python Package Index (PyPI), Zenodo and GitLab.We present  To solve this problem, we seek a third random variable M that solves the following optimization problem:I(· : ·) is Shannon’s mutual information . MatpEugenio Piasini, University of Pennsylvania (developer)Alexandre Filipowicz, University of Pennsylvania (developer)Jonathan Levine, University of Pennsylvania (developer)Joshua Gold, University of Pennsylvania (consultant)Archive (1)Name: ZenodoPersistent identifier: 10.5281/zenodo.3625785Licence: GNU General Public License v3.0 or laterPublisher: Eugenio Piasini, Alexandre L. Filipowicz, Jonathan LevineVersion published: 1.1.0Date published: 22/02/2021Archive (2)Name: Python Package Index (PyPI)Persistent identifier:https://pypi.org/project/embo/Licence: GNU General Public License v3.0 or laterPublisher: Eugenio Piasini, Alexandre L. Filipowicz, Jonathan LevineVersion published: 1.1.0Date published: 22/02/2021Code repositoryName: GitlabPersistent identifier:https://gitlab.com/epiasini/emboLicence: GNU General Public License v3.0 or laterDate published: 22/02/2021LanguageEnglish(3)In , Embo haEmbo may be extended in several ways. Possible technical upgrades include improving the software’s performance, for instance by rewriting the Blahut-Arimoto algorithm implementation  in C, or by using performance-oriented Python libraries such as Numba or Cython. Features that may be added include the estimation of finite sample bounds for the IB . FinallyThe recommended support channel for Embo is via its GitLab projects, where issues can be reported, and patches and merge requests are welcome. Additionally, the maintainers can be contacted directly at their institutional email addresses.


Article title: Association of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 4a/b polymorphism with the risk of incident diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and updated meta-analysisAuthors: Shi Y., Fan, X., Zhang, K., & Ma, Y.Journal:Annals of MedicineBibliometrics: Volume 55, Number 01, 2226908DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2023.2226908When the above article was first published, some of the overall case/control numbers in Table 3 and Table 4 were incorrect due to mistakes made when summing the case/control numbers from the original studies. This error only affected the case/control summary information presented in Table 3 and Table 4.The correct tables can be found below:


South African Journal of Communication Disorders, 68(1), a832. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v68i1.832, there was a mistake in In the published article, Pillay, T., & Pillay, M. (2021). Contextualising clinical reasoning within the clinical swallow evaluation: A scoping review and expert consultation. The original incorrect:The revised and updated:The authors apologise for this error. The correction does not change the significance of study’s findings or overall interpretation of the its results or the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.


This is a peer-review report submitted for the paper “Influence of Mass Media on Italian Web Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemiological Analysis.”Thank you for providing me the opportunity of serving as a reviewer for this interesting manuscript . The stu1. The text presents some English errors. I recommend a grammar revision.2. Introduction: Present a broader view on the subject to justify the study objectives. Moreover, avoid introducing methodological issues in this section.3. Introduction: Why do people search for health-related information on the internet? How does the pandemic influence this behavior?4. Introduction: What is the impact of infodemiology studies on public health? Also, what is the importance of infodemiological studies to combat the infodemic?5. Introduction: What is Google Trends and what are its utility/advantages for infodemiological studies? The following studies may be helpful:JMIR Public Health Surveill 2020;6(2):e19702. doi: 10.2196/19702. PMID: 32401211Higgins TS, Wu AW, Sharma D, Illing EA, Rubel K, Ting JY, Snot Force Alliance. Correlations of online search engine trends with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) incidence: infodemiology study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2020;6(2):e19374. doi: 10.2196/19374. PMID: 32338613Rovetta A, Bhagavathula AS. COVID-19-Related Web Search Behaviors and Infodemic Attitudes in Italy: Infodemiological Study. PLoS One 2017;12(10):e0186059. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186059. PMID: 29049315Lotto M, Aguirre PEA, Rios D, Machado MAAM, Cruvinel AFP, Cruvinel T. Analysis of the interests of Google users on toothache information. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2019;5(2):e13439. doi:10.2196/13439. PMID:31144671Mavragani A, Ochoa G. Google Trends in infodemiology and infoveillance: methodology framework. PLoS One 2014;9(10):e109583. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109583. PMID: 25337815Nuti SV, Wayda B, Ranasinghe I, Wang S, Dreyer RP, Chen SI, Murugiah K. The use of Google Trends in health care research: a systematic review. 6. Introduction: The third aspect proposed for investigation is not adequate. The authors go beyond the main scope by introducing a “fake news” analysis. The authors did not define what “fake news” is, and the analysis made is too superficial for the proposed outcome. I recommend that this step be better planned and analyzed, being described in a future manuscript.Discussion section.7. Introduction: Question R4 has already been widely discussed in the literature and can be removed. If necessary, this aspect can be presented in the 8. Methods: The data collection is confusing and needs to be better described. Why were these platforms chosen? What are the main media in Italy and which ones have been selected? Describe in detail how data were collected on each platform.9. Methods: Does analyzing search results on platforms really show the influence of the media? Why was a qualitative study not proposed?10. Methods: What is the infodemic scale? Present it in detail.11. Methods: Is the normalization of media data on the same scale as Google Trends correct? Since the absolute Google Trends data is blind, it doesn’t seem like a valid comparison to me.12. Methods: What test was done to assess seasonality?13. Results: Avoid discussing the results in advance, as in “Evidence supporting causation.”14. Discussion: Only media influence is discussed about Google Trends data. What other factors might influence the findings? Why do people search for information related to COVID-19 during the pandemic?15. Discussion: Compare the findings with previous literature. Several studies have investigated users’ COVID-19–related interests on Google Trends, including in Italy.16. Discussion: Why are technical terms little used? Where does the Italian population learn about the pandemic? How do eHealth literacy and media literacy influence this process?Practical Implications subsection.17. Discussion: Include a Thank you for reviewing the manuscript based on my comments. In general, the suggestions were satisfactorily answered, and the quality of the paper has improved considerably.


The alaIn vitro and in vivo evaluation [the new therapeutic strategy is tested in vitro/in the laboratory and in vivo  to assess its efficacy and safety]   Cliunteers) ; (e) Regunteers) ; (f) Cliunteers) ; (g) Monunteers) . It is punteers) , 15. Thiunteers) . By the unteers) , 16. Theunteers) .To date, research on the use of stem cells for ASD is at the clinical trials stage –29 and tIn agreement with Price  we belieAN: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing. AH: Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing. GM: Supervision, Writing—review and editing. GN: Supervision, Writing—review and editing. CL: Supervision, Writing—review and editing.


Biol. Open (2019) 8, bio036244 (doi:10.1242/bio.036244).There was an error published in In The authors apologise to readers for this error, which does not impact the results or conclusions of this paper.


Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37637-5, published online 25 July 2023Correction to: The Acknowledgements section in the original version of this Article was incomplete. It now reads:The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through a large group Research Project under grant number (R.G.P.2/163/44). Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R192), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.The original Article has been corrected.