Research data suggest that patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may increase the risk of cancer. However, existing research is inconsistent with this view. Therefore, to investigate the effect of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis on the risk of developing cancer, we conducted this study.We searched the PubMed and Embase databases from database establishment until March 2022. After rigorous literature screening by two authors, 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified, and the required data were independently extracted.We retrieved 3591 records, and after the screening, 11 case-control studies and 12 cohort studies were included in the analysis. Data analysis suggested that patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis had an increased risk of developing breast cancer, urogenital cancer, digestive organs cancer, hematologic cancer, and a low risk of respiratory cancers.This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that patients with HT may have a significantly increased risk of thyroid cancer, breast cancers, lung cancer, digestive system cancer, urogenital cancers, blood cancers, and prolactinoma people without HT.https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD 42022320741. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most frequent autoimmune disease, also known as chronic lymphocytic or autoimmune thyroiditis, which often manifests clinically as enlarged thyroid, lymphocytic infiltration, and increased autoimmune antibodies , 2. It iThis review was carried out following PRISMA and registered with PROSPERO (CRD 42022320741).The literature search was conducted according to the principles recommended in the Preferred Reporting Project for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Two authors (Wenting Fei and Yuxin Yang) independently searched PubMed and Embase databases by combining search terms with free words: “Hashimoto Disease”, OR “Disease, Hashimoto”, OR “Autoimmune thyroiditis”, OR “Hashimoto Struma”, OR “Hashimoto Thyroiditis”, OR “Hashimoto Thyroiditides”, OR “Thyroiditides, Hashimoto”, OR “Thyroiditis, Hashimoto”, OR “Hashimoto’s Syndrome”, OR “Hashimoto Syndrome”, OR “Hashimoto’s Syndromes”, OR “Hashimotos Syndrome”, OR “Syndrome, Hashimoto’s”, OR “Syndromes, Hashimoto’s”, OR “Hashimoto’s Struma”, OR “Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis”, OR “Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditides”, OR “Lymphocytic Thyroiditides, Chronic”, OR”Lymphocytic Thyroiditis, Chronic”, OR “Thyroiditides, Chronic Lymphocytic”, OR “Thyroiditis, Chronic Lymphocytic”, OR “Hashimoto’s Disease”, OR “Disease, Hashimoto’s”, OR “Hashimotos Disease”; “Neoplasms”, OR “Tumor”, OR “Neoplasm”, OR “Tumors”, OR “Neoplasia”, “Neoplasias”, OR “Cancer”, OR “Cancers”, OR “Malignant Neoplasm”, OR “Malignancy”, “Malignancies”, OR “Malignant Neoplasms”, OR “Neoplasm, Malignant”, OR “Neoplasms, Malignant”, OR “Benign Neoplasms”, OR “Benign Neoplasm”, OR “Neoplasms, Benign”, OR “Neoplasm, Benign”. All articles were published in English from the establishment of the museum to March 2022.The inclusion criteria for this study are as follows: (i) the study type must be observational; (ii) the subject of the study is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and cancer; (iii) the study participants must be adults (≥18 years old) regardless of gender or race. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (i) the type of study design was not observational; (ii) reviews, case reports, and animal studies; (iii) the study information was incomplete and the authors could not be contacted to extract the information needed for this study data information. According to these criteria, two authors (Xin Chen and Siyuan Zhou) provided the titles and abstracts of the readings for screening, followed by full-text reading, excluded studies that did not meet the inclusion requirements, and finally screened out eligible articles. Inconsistencies arising from the review process were resolved with the help of a third author (Huafa Que).A total of 3591 documents were retrieved, 280 duplicate documents were excluded, and 3620 documents were carried out for further research. 3535 articles were excluded through title and abstract due they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The full-text articles 85 were evaluated for eligibility. Finally, 23 papers were included Figure 1The methodological quality of all included articles was assessed by two authors (Xiaojie Hu and Xuanyu Wang) independently using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) . The NOSFor the included literature, we extracted the following information: first author, year of publication, country, study design, the sample of the case, the sample of controls, duration of the study, odds ratios (OR) or relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (Cl), and outcomes. We categorized cancer types in literature studies by the site of disease, including thyroid cancer, digestive organs cancer, genitourinary cancer , breast cancer, respiratory cancer (lung cancer), prolactinoma, and leukemia. Data were extracted independently by three authors  and reviewed by one of them (Xiaojie Hu) to ensure the accuracy of the data extraction.For dichotomous data, we used OR or RR with 95% confidence intervals (Cl). For continuous data, we use the weighted mean difference with 95% CI. ORs are used to describe case-control studies, while RRs are used to describe cohort studies. Heterogeneity between included studies was assessed using the Q-test and the squared value of I , 16. In This study does not involve the examination of the participants and therefore does not require ethical approval.The 3591 articles on the association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and thyroid cancer were screened, and 3620 were retrieved after the removal of repeated documents. Browsing full-text articles assessed for initial screening literature, 3535 literature were excluded due to they failed to meet inclusion criteria. Therefore, 23 articles –39 were The risk of bias assessments was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale tool. The average NOS score is 7.66. All incorporated literature was included in the quality assessment, and all articles received a score of 5 or more, of which 1 received 9 points, 13 received 8 points Table 2 This study incorporates 11 case-controls and 12 cohorts, so we evaluate all included studies according to different experimental design types. For instance, we reported case-control results as OR and cohorts as RR. The research on HT patients referred to 13 human cancer types: thyroid cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, hepatoma cancer, colorectal cancer, uterus cancer, cervical cancer, ovary cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and hematologic cancer. The relative risks/odds ratio of types of cancer among HT patients are listed in HT patients were reported to have a high cancer risk in referred cancers. The result of our meta-analysis displayed that the thyroid cancer rate of cancers in HT patients was the highest although some reported studies have shown that the association between thyroid cancer and HT is controversial –42. The The literature describing thyroid cancer includes both case-control studies and cohort studies. To better analyze these data, therefore, we divided the literature into a more detailed division: OR values were used to describe case-control studies, while RR values were used to describe cohort studies.2 = 88.8%%, p < 0.0001). The 9 literature in this study were tested for heterogeneity, I squared >50%, p<0.1, suggesting that the heterogeneity among the literature selected in this study was statistically significant, consequently, sensitivity analysis was performed to find the reason. The results indicated that after removing studies , indicating that there was positive correlation between HT and thyroid cancer 2 = 88.8%d cancer Figure 22 = 90.0%, p < 0.001), showing that there was large heterogeneity among these studies, so we performed a sensitivity analysis. After removing the three articles   Figure 32 = 39.9%, p = 0.19) under the fixed effects model , and the results showed that patients with HT have an increased risk of developing lung cancer relative to patients without HT .The results of the study indicate that patients with HT have an increased risk of developing cancers of the digestive system, compared with patients without HT     can attack DNA, proteins, and lipids , and iodine . StudiesThis study included many large observational studies. We performed subgroup analyses by cancer type and by country region for each study to reduce variability. The results suggest that there are differences in the risk of thyroid cancer, breast cancers, lung cancer, digestive system cancer, urogenital cancers, blood cancers, and prolactinoma between HT and non-HT patients. Most of the studies we included were related to thyroid cancer, and the number of non-thyroid cancer studies was small, which may be related to the current lack of large, high-quality studies investigating the incidence of cancer in patients with HT. Therefore, more high-quality studies are needed to document the health management of HT patients in the future for better cancer diagnosis. In addition, the relationship between HT patients and cancer occurrence found in our study can be helpful for early disease screening of HT patients.Our research has the following strengths. We report the risk of developing multiple cancers among patients with HT and those without HT, not limited to the risk of developing thyroid cancer. We performed analyses according to different cancer types to more accurately assess the correlation between HT and cancer. However, our study also has some limitations. Firstly, despite our careful search of the database, there are still some studies that may be missed. Secondly, the meta-analysis of lung cancer risk in HT patients exist heterogeneous. This may be related to statistical differences in the study population, such as differences in region, ethnicity, lifestyle, and diagnostic methods. Lastly, most of the articles we finally included described the risk of developing cancer in HT patients, and only a few articles were observational studies grouped by TSH levels in HT patients. Unfortunately, due to the lack of these details in the included studies, we could not perform additional subgroup analyses to detect these associations. Therefore, it is hoped that there will be more high-quality studies exploring the relationship between HT patients and cancer in the future.In conclusion, our meta-outcome study showed that patients with HT may have a significantly increased risk of thyroid cancer, breast cancers, lung cancer, digestive system cancer, urogenital cancers, blood cancers, and prolactinoma people without HT. Our findings suggest that patients with HT may be at increased risk of developing these cancers, but a more definitive answer needs to be based on extensive high-quality research. Regular screening of HT patients for cancer risk has clinical implications. Future studies should build more detailed models of risk factors between HT patients and cancer, such as serum TSH levels, region, ethnicity, and lifestyle. This will help us to explore the link between HT patients and carcinogenesis.The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.XH and HQ co-designed this study. XH and XW drafted the research design. WF and YY. Search the database, delete duplicates and filter according to the search subject. XC and SZ extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Data analysis was done by XH, XW, and YL discussed with all members. Finally, the first draft is revised by XH. All authors contributed to the article and agreed to the submitted version.Construction project for National Regional Chinese medicine surgery diagnosis and treatment center(2018); Construction project for Shanghai Municipal Health Commission East China Area of TCM special disease alliance(2021); Construction project for Shanghai Municipal Health Commission key clinical speciality (shslczdzk03801); Construction project for Shanghai Municipal Health Commission inheritance and innovation team of the Shanghai-style Traditional Chinese Medicine (2021LPTD-001).The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.


Objective: A growing number of studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of natural products against multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to apply scientometric method to explore the current status and future trends in this field.Methods: All relevant original articles and reviews for the period 1997–2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer, a scientometric software, and an online bibliometric analysis platform were used to conduct visualization study.Results: A total of 1,267 papers were included, including 1,005 original articles and 262 reviews. The United States and India made the largest contribution in this field. The University of Dschang from Cameroon produced the most publications. Coutinho HDM, Kuete V, and Gibbons S were key researchers, as they published a great many articles and were co-cited in numerous publications. Frontiers in Microbiology and Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy were the most influential journals with the highest number of publications and co-citations, respectively. “Medicinal plants”, “methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus”, “biofilm”, “minimum inhibitory concentration”, and “efflux pumps” were the most frequently used keywords, so these terms are presumed to be the current hot topics. All the included keywords could be roughly divided into four major themes, of which the theme of “natural product development approach” had attracted much attention in recent years. Furthermore, “Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, “nanoparticles”, “green synthesis”, “antimicrobial peptides”, “antibiofilm”, “biosynthetic gene clusters”, and “molecular dynamics simulation” had the latest average appearance year, indicating that these topics may become the research hot spots in the coming years.Conclusion: This study performed a scientometric analysis of the antibacterial activity of natural products against multidrug-resistant bacteria from a holistic perspective. It is hoped to provide novel and useful data for scientific research, and help researchers to explore this field more intuitively and effectively. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains are extremely resistant to almost all classes of antimicrobials  on 22 June 2022. The retrieval terms and search strategies were used as follows: # 1, topic: ; # 2, topic: ; # 3, topic: ; # 4, topic: ; # 5, (“# 1” AND “# 2” AND “# 3”) NOT # 4. WOS ignores the hyphen in the search query, for instance, “multiple drug resistan*” would return records that contain the string “multiple-drug resistan*”, “multiple drug-resistan*”, or “multiple-drug-resistan*”. The asterisk (*) is used as a wildcard in the retrieval strategy to represent any group of characters or no character, for example, “multi-drug resistan*” would return “multi-drug resistant” or “multi-drug resistance” . Additiohttps://bibliometric.com/). The rest of the scientometric visualization was performed using VOSviewer 1.6.17. In the network and overlay graph, each node indicates a different parameter, such as countries/regions, journals, authors, and keywords. The different colors of the nodes represent different categories or publication times. The size of the node depends on the number of publications, citations, or occurrences. The link lines between nodes represent the correlation between parameters, the thickness of the lines indicates the strength of the link, and the strength of the link is quantitatively evaluated by total link strength (TLS). In the VOSviewer density graph, the color of the nodes represents the density of the parameter. The darker the color, the more frequently the parameter appears  and category partition  of each journal were collected from the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2021. Data process and cleaning was conducted manually in Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2013 was used to create figures on annual research output. Research collaborations between countries are conducted using an online bibliometric analysis platform , Portuguese , Chinese , Japanese , and Spanish . The trend of annual publications and citations over the past 25 years is displayed in The literature search resulted in 1,267 related publications including 1,005 original articles and 262 reviews in a period from 1997 to 2021. A total of 5 languages were used in the collected articles, including English , followed by the United States , China , Brazil , and England  . ArticleIn terms of institution analysis, a total of 1,881 institutions contributed to the publications in this filed. The top 10 most prolific institutions are presented in A total of 6,438 authors were involved in the antimicrobial effect of natural products against MDR bacteria. The top 10 authors according to the number of papers contributed 131 papers (10.34%) in this field . CoutinhFrontiers in Microbiology published the most articles , followed by Molecules , BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine , Antibiotics-Basel , and Marine Drugs . Among the top 10 prolific journals, Marine Drugs had the highest IF of 6.085, followed by Frontiers in Microbiology (6.064) and Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (5.560). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology had the highest citation/publication ratio (40.07). According to the 2021 edition of the JCR, five, four, and one journals were classified in Q1, Q2 and Q3, respectively.In total, 505 journals emerged in this field. The 10 journals with the most publications are listed in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy had the largest number of co-citations , followed by Journal of Natural Products , Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , Journal of Bacteriology , Journal of Ethnopharmacology , and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . The co-citation relationship among journals was visualized in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , Journal of Natural Products , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , and Journal of Bacteriology .In addition, According to the document citation analysis, a total of 75 papers were cited more than 100 times . The basStaphylococcus aureus”, “Staphylococcus aureus”, “biofilm”, “minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)”, “efflux pumps”, and so on.Keywords are the concentration and refinement of the content of a paper, and keyword co-occurrence analysis is a commonly used scientometric method to track scientific development and identify research hotspots and emerging trends . There aStaphylococcus aureus”, “Staphylococcus aureus”, “tuberculosis”, “Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, “Mycobacterium tuberculosis”, and “Escherichia coli”. In “mechanism for inhibiting MDR” theme, the prominent keywords were “efflux pumps” and “efflux pump inhibitors”. As for “natural product sources and components” theme, the primary keywords were “medicinal plants”, “flavonoids”, “antioxidant”, “alkaloids”, and “phenolics”. In the last theme, the major keywords were “MIC”, “molecular docking”, “silver nanoparticles”, and “synergism”.As shown in Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, “nanoparticles”, “green synthesis”, “antimicrobial peptides”, “antibiofilm”, “antibiofilm activity”, “biosynthetic gene clusters”, and “molecular dynamics simulation” (the labels of the last three nodes are not shown in the map due to their location) were found in relatively recent years, implying that these topics have become popular and may become research hotspots of this field in coming years. Meanwhile, keywords in “natural product development approach” related clusters had the latest average publication year compared with other themes, indicating that research in this direction has received considerable attention recently.In the overlay visualization map, the nodes for each keyword were colored based on their average publication year . AccordiAccording to the data of the WOS Core Collection database from 1997 to 2021, a total of 1,267 publications in 5 languages were retrieved, and the cumulative number of citations was 34,719. With the prevalence of bacterial resistance issues, studies on the antimicrobial activity of natural products against MDR bacteria has generated considerable exploratory interest, whether in terms of annual published documents or citation counts. Among the 95 countries/Regions involved in the publication of studies in this field, India was the most productive country. The United States ranked second in the total number of publications; however, it was the leading country in the total number of citations. Furthermore, the United States was the most active country in international cooperation and had close collaborations with India, China, Germany and Canada. In addition, China, India, Saudi Arabia, and Germany demonstrated active international cooperation as well. Therefore, combined with the quality and quantity of publications and international cooperation, the United States and India were dominant in this research field. In terms of institutional contribution, the University of Dschang had the largest output. As for the institution co-authorship analysis, the Regional University of Cariri, Federal University of Paraiba, Universidade Federal do Piaui, University of Dschang, and University of Porto showed active cooperation.Frontiers in Microbiology , Molecules , BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine , Antibiotics-Basel , and Marine Drugs  published the most paper in this research field. In addition to the number of publications, citation frequency is often considered as an important indicator to evaluate the influence of a journal (Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy had the highest co-citations, followed by Journal of Natural Products, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Journal of Bacteriology, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. In general, there is a high probability that future achievements in the field will be published in the listed journals.To some extent, the number of scientific papers published by an author in a certain field represents his contribution and activity in that field . Most re journal . In the Science, with 1,227 citations. It noted out that methods of new scaffold discovery, such as mining under-explored microbial niche for natural products, were promising approaches against MDR pathogens. The second most cited article was published in Current Opinion in Biotechnology by Nature with 402 citations. The top 10 highly cited papers were published between 1997 and 2017, with six published before 2010. In terms of research content, most of the top 10 most cited papers focused on the discovery of new antibiotics, especially natural product antibiotics of plants and natural products of plants were the primary source. The paper with the highest cited times, written by Staphylococcus aureus”, “Staphylococcus aureus”, “biofilm”, “MIC”, and “efflux pumps” were the most commonly used keywords in order, so these terms are presumed to be the hot spots in this field. Combining the formed clusters and all co-occurring keywords, among the related clusters of “MDR bacteria”, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Escherichia coli (Acinetobacter baumannii (Klebsiella pneumoniae (Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, “nanoparticles”, “green synthesis”, “antimicrobial peptides”, “antibiofilm”, “antibiofilm activity”, “biosynthetic gene clusters”, and “molecular dynamics simulation” had the latest average appearance year, indicating that these topics may become the research direction in the next few years.Keyword co-occurrence analysis is commonly used to highlight the frequently occurring keywords that can reveal the subject content and provide a reasonable description of the knowledge structure . Meanwhiruginosa , Mycobacrculosis , and Eschia coli  were theaumannii  and Klebeumoniae  could beeumoniae . Moreoveeumoniae . As for eumoniae . Besideseumoniae . The noteumoniae , alkaloieumoniae . Essentieumoniae , polypheeumoniae , and bereumoniae  were alseumoniae . Additioeumoniae . From thIn addition, the main limitations of our analysis are as follows: First, we only searched in the WOS database, and not in other databases such as PubMed, Embase, or Scopus. Therefore, the comprehensiveness of the data will be deficient to some extent. Second, we did not include relevant papers in 2022 because the data of this year are not yet complete enough to complete certain annual data comparison. As a result, some of the latest research progress may be missed. Third, all data in this study were extracted by software, unlike systematic reviews that are manually extracted by two or more independent authors. In consequence, the data used to derive the results in this paper may be biased.Frontiers in Microbiology and Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy were major journals with the highest number of publications and co-citations, respectively. Fischbach and Walsh published the most cited paper in Science with 1,227 citations. The content of most of the top 10 most cited papers focused on the discovery of new antibiotics, especially plant-derived natural product antibiotics. Based on keywords co-occurrence analysis, “medicinal plants”, “methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus”, “Staphylococcus aureus”, “biofilm”, “MIC”, and “efflux pumps” were the most frequently used keywords, so these terms are presumed to be the current hot topics. All selected keywords could be roughly divided into four main themes: “MDR bacteria”, “mechanism for inhibiting MDR”, “natural product sources and components”, and “natural product development approach”, of which the last theme had attracted much attention in recent years. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Escherichia coli were the most commonly studied MDR strains, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Inhibition of the efflux pump and anti-biofilm action were the primary mechanism for suppressing MDR. Medicinal plant-derived compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics were important sources of novel antimicrobial agents against MDR bacteria, followed by actinomycetes and marine natural products. Besides, biosynthesis of nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles, was a new strategy to develop highly effective antibacterial agents. Molecular docking was also an important method in this field. Moreover, keywords such as “Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, “nanoparticles”, “green synthesis”, “antimicrobial peptides”, “antibiofilm”, “antibiofilm activity”, “biosynthetic gene clusters”, and “molecular dynamics simulation” had the latest average appearance year, indicating that these topics may become the research hot spots in the coming years. Overall, this study performed a scientometric analysis of the antibacterial activity of natural products against MDR bacteria from a holistic perspective. We hope it can provide an effective reference for the research points and future trends, not only for researchers already working in this field, but also for new researchers interested in this field.With the prevalence of bacterial resistance problems, interest in the antimicrobial activity of natural products against MDR bacteria has exploded during the past decades. In this study, the current research status and emerging global trends in this field were visualized using a scientometric method. A total of 1,267 related documents including 1,005 original articles and 262 reviews in a period from 1997 to 2021 were retrieved. India is the country with the most output, and the United States is the country with the highest total citations and the most active in international cooperation. The University of Dschang from Cameroon produced the most publications. Coutinho HDM, Kuete V, and Gibbons S had significant influence in this field, as they published a large number of articles and were co-cited in several more publications.


GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020. Lancet 400: 185–2352022; —Appendices 1 and 2 of this Article have been corrected as of July 19, 2022.


Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-022-33955-w, published online 10 November 2022Correction to: In this article the affiliation details for Jordan A. Hachtel, Wonhee Ko and An-Ping Li were incorrectly given as “Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA” but should have been “Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN”.The original article and Supplementary file have been corrected.


Due to a publishing error the first two affiliations were listed incorrectly. Instead of “UCL Cancer Institute, Hampstead, United Kingdom”; and “University College London, London, United Kingdom,” they should be as follows:“1 Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom2 UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom”The publisher apologizes for this error and states that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliations 5 and 6. Instead of “Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China,” affiliation 5 should be “The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.” Instead of “The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,” affiliation 6 should be “Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.”The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the recent article by Wu et al. , the fol“Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China.”And for clarity, the duplicate in‐text citations for “Liu, Feng, et al., 2019”, “Li, Zhang, & Griffith, 2021”, “Li, Zhang, Zhu, et al., 2021”, “Liu, Wang, et al., 2019” have been removed to avoid confusion.These errors have been corrected in the online version.We apologize for these errors.


H while the panel corresponding to GCTR was copied twice.In the original publication, there was a mistake in Figure 6 as published . Upon thThe authors do apologize for this mistake. The revised version corroborates the conclusions stated in the first version of the article; the wound size was reduced considerably over the 14 days of the postoperative period, compared to the uncoated injuries. The corrected Affiliation CorrectionClassius Ferreira da Silva and Elena Sanchez-Lopez. The original affiliations 4,7,8 should be updated as follows.In the published publication, there was an error regarding the affiliations for Affiliation 4: “Department of Exact Sciences and Earth, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, Diadema CEP 09972-270, Brazil” updated to “Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil”.Affiliations 7 and 8: “7 Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Nanoscience and nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain”, “8 CIBERNED Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain” should be update to “7 Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain”, “8 Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain”, “9 Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain”.Author Name CorrectionThe author’s name “Lucas Rannier Andrade” should be changed to “Lucas Rannier M. de Andrade”.The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and confirm that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.


Gonçalves BP, Procter SR, Paul P, et al. Group B streptococcus infection during pregnancy and infancy: estimates of regional and global burden. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10: e807–19—An administrative error led to incomplete listing of the collaborative group on PubMed; this has been corrected as of May 12, 2022.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation(s).1, Xiaobo Hu2, Hui Xue1, Ruiling Li1, Huilan Liu1, Tianfeng Han1, Yonggang Tu3 and Yan Zhao3*Instead of “Binghong Gao1Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China2State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China3Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,” it should be1,2, Xiaobo Hu3, Hui Xue2, Ruiling Li2, Huilan Liu2, Tianfeng Han2, Yonggang Tu1 and Yan Zhao1*“Binghong Gao1Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China2Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China3State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.


Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-022-30928-x, published online 09 June 2022.Correction to: In this article the affiliation details for Yan-Chu Li, Yong Zhou and Qian-Qian Sha were incorrectly given as “MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China” but should have been “Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 510317 Guangzhou, China”. The affiliation details for Lu Chen, Zuo-Qi Deng and Heng-Yu Fan were incorrectly given as “Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 510317 Guangzhou, China” but should have been “MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China”. The original article has been corrected.


Affiliation for “Xiaoxing Xiong2,3.” As well as having affiliations 2,3, he should also have “1 Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.”In the published article, there was an error regarding the The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Due to a production error, there was an error regarding the affiliation for Weiwei Pei. Their second affiliation was listed as “School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou University Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China”. The corrected affiliation is “School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China”. The publisher apologizes for this mistake.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 5.Instead of “Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – DIMITRA, Lycovrissi, Attica, Greece,” it should be “Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.”The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the original publication of the article, affiliation 1 was published incorrectly and the correct affiliation 1 should read as below,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandIn addition, under funding section, the university name should read as “Helsinki University Hospital” instead “Helsinki University Central Hospital”.The original article was updated.


In the published article, there was an error regarding the affiliations for author “Xuehan Su.” As well as having the affiliation “Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,” they should also have “The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.”The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-021-22491-8, published online 07 June 2021Correction to: The original version of this Article omitted from the author list the 212th author Patrizia Mecocci, who is from the Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. Consequently, the “Sample Contribution” section of Author Contributions was updated to add “P.M” between “P.D.” and “R.C.”. Additionally, the original version of this Article contained the incorrect affiliation for author Patrick Gavin Kehoe, which incorrectly read “German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany”. The correct version replaces this affiliation with “Bristol Medical School (THS), University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK”. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


In addition, the abbreviation “RCF = relative contribution to fatality” should have been included. The Table has been updated accordingly.On page 727, the On page 727, in


The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of methylprednisolone compared to other drugs to control postoperative complications following third molar surgery. PubMed and Google Scholar were used for article searching. Thereafter, the trials meeting the selection criteria and with high methodological quality, according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool, were included in this study. The inverse variance test and mean difference using the Review Manager Software 5.3 for Windows were used to carry out data analysis. Qualitative analysis shows that methylprednisolone is more effective than NSAIDs, but inferior to dexamethasone, for controlling postoperative complications after third molar removal. The quantitative analysis showed no statistical difference for pain control, while trismus evaluation showed a statistical difference after 7 postoperative days in favor of methylprednisolone, when compared to other drugs. In conclusion, methylprednisolone was more effective for trismus control compared to other drugs after lower third molar surgery. Several drugs have been used for postoperative complications control following third molar removal ,2,3,4. TCorticosteroids have several mechanisms of action. For instance, they inhibit the inflammatory process through the inhibition of vasoactive substances (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) and cytokines. These drugs also increase the secretion of lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes ,15. DexaIt is important to note that clinical trials have shown inconsistent or conflicting results of methylprednisolone when compared with NSAIDs and corticosteroids in third molar removal ,29,30,31This study was carried out in the Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas at the Centro Universitario de los Altos of the University of Guadalajara. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (Record No. CRD42022314205). In addition, this study followed the PRISMA recommendations for abstracts and declarations for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses assessing health care interventions ,34,35.Inclusion criteria:Population : ParalleInterventions : MethylpControl : AdminisOutcomes : Post-opExclusion criteria:Clinical studies reporting a loss of follow-up of more than 20%.The U.S. National Institutes of Health’s National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Google Scholar were utilized for the identification of clinical trials. The used keywords were “methylprednisolone”, “acetaminophen”, “tenoxicam”, “ketoprofen”, “flurbiprofen”, “diclofenac”, “ibuprofen”, “non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs”, “prednisolone”, “dexamethasone”, “corticosteroids”, “third molar surgery”, “post-operative pain”, “facial swelling”, “inflammation”, “trismus”, “mouth opening”, “adverse effects”, and “safety profile”. All investigations evaluating analgesia, swelling, trismus, and/or adverse reactions of methylprednisolone in comparison with an active control published up to 31 December 2021 were eligible. The Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool was used to determine the risk of bias in all studies that met the inclusion criteria ,37,38,39The next data were extracted from each clinical investigation: first author and publishing year, design study, treatment groups, sample size (n), dose, pain intensity —VAS 100 mm were transformed to 10 mm scale—swelling, trismus , and adverse effects.Data were analyzed with the inverse variance statistical method, mean difference, and fixed effects using the Review Manager Software 5.3 for Windows. A global test with a p-value lower than 0.05 of the mean difference and an OR ) were considered statistically significant ,37,40,41A total of 72 clinical trials were identified in PubMed. No investigations were found in Google Scholar. After eligibility , nine clinical studies were included in the qualitative synthesis ,29,30,31According to the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool, nine clinical trials met the selection criteria ,29,30,31Seven clinical trials carried out a pre-emptive analgesia approach ,29,30,31Six clinical trials compared methylprednisolone and NSAIDs following third molar removal ,26,29,31Three clinical trials compared the effectiveness of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone after third molar surgery ,24,30. T2 = 12%; p = 0.004; The evaluation of postoperative pain after third molar removal was carried out using data from two clinical trials ,30 n = . On the Nine clinical trials were used to carry out, for the first time, a meta-analytical evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of methylprednisolone alone in comparison to NSAIDs and corticosteroids for postoperative pain, facial inflammation, and trismus control after third molar surgery ,29,30,31The quantitative evaluation showed no statistical difference between methylprednisolone and other drugs for pain control after third molar surgery ,30. MorePreviously, the clinical efficacy of corticosteroids in oral surgery has been reported. The pooled assessment of a meta-analysis included several clinical trials using methylprednisolone (4/12) to treat postoperative complications following third molar extraction. Such evaluation showed that corticosteroids decrease edema and postoperative pain after oral surgery . AnotherThere is evidence of high quality indicating that methylprednisolone is more effective for trismus control after lower third molar surgery than other drugs.


In the published article, there were errors in the following affiliations:Instead of “[1] Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China”, it should be “[4] Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China”.Instead of “[2] Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China”, it should be “[1] Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, China”.Instead of “[3] Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China”, it should be “[2] Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, China”.Instead of “[4] The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China”, it should be “[3] The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, China”.Also author affiliations have been reordered and affiliation “Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China” was removed for author Fang Tong.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


After publication of this article , the autMoreover, in the heading ‘Substantive changes have occurred in a number of health outcomes, harmful practices, health outcomes, health behaviours, health service use, and social determinants in the first two decades of the twenty-first century’, remove “health outcomes”, since it appears twice.The original article  has been


Dr Munteanu should have been listed as the second author on the paper; therefore, the revised author list and the affiliations for the authors should have appeared as follows:1*, MIHNEA MUNTEANU1*, DANIEL MALITA2*, SIMONA STANCA3*, STELLA IOANA PATONI (POPESCU)1, OVIDIU MUSAT4, SERBAN NEGRU5, HOREA FEIER6, OLIMPIU LADISLAU KARANCSI7 and COSMIN ROSCA8CORINA CRISTINA COMAN (CERNAT)1Ophthalmology, and 2Radiology and Medical Imaging, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara; 3Department of Pediatrics, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest; 4Department of Ophthalmology, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest; 5Department of Oncology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300239 Timisoara; Departments of 6Cardiovascular Surgery, and 7Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Restorations on Implants, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara; 8Department of Ophthalmology, Oculens Clinic, 400501 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartments of *Contributed equallyThe authors regret that Dr Munteanu’s name was not originally included on the paper, although all the authors agree to this change in the authorship. Furthermore, the authors apologize to the readership for any inconvenience caused.


Background and Objectives: Interpersonal violence is a social and public health problem globally, and though it is related to poor health outcomes across all genders, most research has been directed towards violence against women. As a result, the health consequences of men’s victimization may be underreported and unaddressed. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between interpersonal violence and the psychological health outcomes of self-reported stress, anxiety, and depression among men. Materials and Methods: The study used data from the male sample (n = 2597) of the 2018 Health on Equal Terms Survey conducted in Gävleborg County in East-Central Sweden. Regression analysis was carried out to study the relationship between interpersonal violence and self-reported stress, anxiety, and depression. Results: The bivariate analysis showed that there was a statistically significant association between interpersonal violence and self-reported stress , anxiety , and depression . Controlling for other variables in the multivariate analysis removed the statistically significant relationship and reduced the odds ratios for stress , anxiety , and depression  respectively. Conclusions: The study found that interpersonal violence among men was associated with stress, anxiety and depression which was largely explained by demographic, socioeconomic, and health/behavior-related factors. The findings suggest the need for longitudinal studies to assess causal links between male victimization and psychological health outcomes at the county level. Interpersonal violence (IPV) is a social and public health problem globally ,2,3,4 anThe prevalence of violence against men varies across countries and samples. For instance, in the US, Hines and Douglas report that 12% of intimate partner violence is committed against men . In anotIn Sweden, surveys have found presence of interpersonal violence against men. A study by Lövestad and Krantz found that eleven per cent of men (compared with eight percent of women) had been exposed to physical assault in the past 12 months, while women were more exposed to sexual coercion . In the Globally, including in Sweden, the consequences of IPV  include increased incidence of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicide, cardiovascular disease, premature mortality, and health behavior change  ,20,21,22n = 2597). Questions were asked about the individual’s background, health, self-reported diseases or symptoms of diseases, housing, leisure, long-standing illness, social relations, political activity, finances, employment, the work environment, safety, security, and violence. The questions for the HET surveys in general have been validated and refined since its inception in 2004.This study is based on secondary data from the Gävleborg Health on Equal Terms Survey (HET) 2018 . The HETThe 2018 HET survey was carried out by Statistics Sweden for the Public Health Agency of Sweden and Gävleborg Region. More details about the survey can be found elsewhere .The outcome variables in the study are self-reported stress, self-reported anxiety, and self-reported depression. Self-reported psychological health outcomes were measured using the variables stress, anxiety, and depression. In the survey, participants were assessed using the questions: (a) “Do you currently feel stressed ?” Answers were “Not at all”, “To some extent”, “Quite a lot” and “Very much”; (b) “Do you have any worry or anxiety?” Possible answers were “No”, “Yes, mild symptoms” and “Yes, severe symptoms”; and (c) “Have you ever been diagnosed with depression by a doctor?” Answers were “No, never”, “Yes, more than 12 months ago”, and “Yes, in the past months”. For each of the variables, a dichotomous variable was created to distinguish those with stress, anxiety, and depression from those without.(a)Main independent variable (main exposure)Interpersonal violence is the main exposure in the study. In the survey, violence was measured using the following two questions, “Have you in the past 12 months been exposed to physical violence?” and “Have you in the past 12 months been exposed to threat of violence that was so severe that you got afraid?”. Individuals who answered “yes” to either one or both questions about violence were classified as victims of violence. Because of small numbers all types of violence were combined into a new variable called “any type of interpersonal violence (any IPV)”.(b)Other independent variables (covariates)Age was categorized into age groups: 18–29, 30–44, 45–64, and 65–84 years.Marital status: In the survey, marital status was defined as married, unmarried, divorced, or widowed.Self-reported health: Respondents were asked, “How do you evaluate your general health status?” with the options poor and very poor, fair, good, and very good. For this study, the answers were dichotomized. Respondents who answered fair, bad, or very bad were classified as having poor health and those who answered very good or good were classified as having good health. Education level: Information about the respondents’ education level was assessed from Statistics Sweden’s LISA database from 2010 and grouped using the Swedish standard classification of education SUN 2000 . The oriSocioeconomic status: Based on the European Socioeconomic Group (ESeG) classification, a variable with three levels was constructed: high socioeconomic status (higher and lower white-collar workers); middle socioeconomic status (medium-skilled and low-skilled workers); and low socioeconomic status (blue-collar and unskilled workers). Individual annual income after taxation  was divided into quartiles, with Q1 being the lowest and Q4 the highest income group: Q1 = ≤144,000 SEK; Q2 = 145,000–214,000 SEK; Q3 = 215,000–294,000 SEK; and Q4 ≥295,000 SEK.Social support: In the survey the following question was asked: “Do you have one or more persons who can give you support when you have personal problems or a crisis in your life?” Possible answers were “yes, always”, “yes, most of the time”, “no, not most of the time”, and “no, never”. A dichotomous variable was created classifying those with social support  from those without.Practical support: Practical support was derived from the question, “Can you get help from someone or some people if you have practical problems or are ill ”? Possible answers were “yes, always”, “yes, most of the time”, “no, not most of the time” and “no, never”. A new variable was created dividing those with practical support from those without.Economic strain: In the survey, respondents were asked, “In the last 12 months, have you ever had difficulty in managing the regular expenses for food, rent, bills, etc?” Possible answers were “no”, “yes, once”, and “yes, more than once”. A dichotomous variable was created dividing those with economic strain  from those without.Risk consumption of alcohol: This was assessed by the following three questions: (a) “How often have you drunk alcohol in the past 12 months?”; (b) “How many ‘glasses’ [an example was given] do you drink on a typical day when you drink alcohol?”; and (c) “How often do you drink six ‘glasses’ or more on the same occasion?” A new dichotomic variable was created for this study and respondents were categorized as having risky alcohol consumption or as having no risky alcohol consumption.Long-standing illnesses: In the survey, respondents were asked “Do you have any long-term illness, any problems following an accident, any reduced physical function, or any other long-term health problem?” Answers were “yes” and “no”.The statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0  and inclModel I analyzed only the association between any IPV and stress, anxiety, and depression. In Model II, age and marital status were added to the analysis. Model III included, besides the variables already listed for Model I and II, socioeconomic variables such as education, socioeconomic status, income, economic strain, social support, and practical support. Lastly, in Model IV, health, and lifestyle variables such as self-reported health, long-standing illness, and risk consumption of alcohol were included. Missing values were excluded from the analysis. Furthermore, there was no collinearity among the variables included in the regression analysis. All results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). n = 230), 28% (n = 726), and 11.8% (n = 306) reported having stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively  in the county experienced IPV. In addition, 8.9%  showed a statistically significant association with exposure to any IPV see . For SRSIn the multivariate analysis of the association between IPV and stress  . LövestaFindings of this study also showed that male victims reported more psychological than physical abuse, which has been suggested to be the most common IPV type by other authors ,28,29. IRegarding the statistical association between IPV and the three psychological outcomes stress, anxiety, and depression, our results are in line with those reported elsewhere in studies using various samples of abused men ,35,36. AIn the regression analyses, the statistically significant relationship between IPV and stress, anxiety and depression disappeared after controlling for covariates, meaning that the covariates may mediate the observed association. In the association between IPV and anxiety, men who were single or divorced  as well as those associated with health care providers  ,81,82. MA major strength of this study is that the sample derives from a large dataset, collected across the entire county. In addition, the entire HET survey series (and the 2018 survey) uses validated instruments that are constantly reviewed and validated by Statistics Sweden and the Public Health Agency of Sweden ,84. AddiHowever, the study has important limitations. Although it is cross-sectional in nature and the analyses only offer support for associations among the studied variables (the main exposure and the three outcomes), these associations may not be causal. Moreover, the study response rate was around forty-three percent, which is in line with the progressive decline of response rates in population-based surveys in Sweden  and inteNonetheless, Statistics Sweden used weightings to estimate prevalence at the population level. The weightings were performed using information from registers of the total population of Gävleborg County. Furthermore, register data were used for calibration of non-response bias for various groups of individuals in the county sample . In the The present study found a statistically significant association between interpersonal violence and stress, anxiety, and depression. This association was largely explained by demographic, socioeconomic, and health/behavior-related factors. There is a need for longitudinal studies to assess causal links between male victimization and psychological health outcomes at the county level. Furthermore, qualitative research is warranted to obtain a deeper insight into the experiences and perceptions of victimized men to have a better preventive strategy that may differ from that for female victims.


Due to a production error, there was an error in the affiliation of Fangqin Fei. Instead of “Department of Nursing, Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China,” it should be “Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.”The publisher apologizes for this mistake. The original version of this article has been updated.


Communications Biology 10.1038/s42003-023-04534-6, published online 09 February 2023.Correction to: In this article, the affiliation details for Matthias Dewenter were incorrectly given as ‘Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland’.In this article, the affiliation ‘Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland’ for Çagla Özsoy and Daniel Razansky was missing.The original article has been corrected.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 4. Instead of “Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt,” it should be “Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.”In addition, an author's name was incorrectly displayed. Instead of Noheir A. I. F. Hassan it should be Noheir Ashraf Ibrahem Fathy Hassan.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 3. Instead of “Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Pakistan”, it should be “Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan”.An author name was incorrectly written as “Rana Rashid Iqbal”. The correct spelling is “Rashid Iqbal”.The authors apologize for these errors and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


The authors requested correction of two errors in the affiliations of Basem Salama in the article published 2020.1) Instead of “Community Medicine Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Damietta Governorate, 34511, Egypt”, the correct affiliation was “Department of Community Medicine, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt”.2) In addition to affiliation 1, Baseem Salama was also affiliated with “Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.”The author apologizes for these errors and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease characterized by plaque formation and neuroinflammation. The plaques can present in various locations, causing a variety of clinical symptoms in patients with MS. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is also associated with systemic inflammation and a cytokine storm which can cause plaque formation in several areas of the brain. These concurring events could exacerbate the disease burden of MS. We review the neuro-invasive properties of SARS-CoV-2 and the possible pathways for the entry of the virus into the central nervous system (CNS). Complications due to this viral infection are similar to those occurring in patients with MS. Conditions related to MS which make patients more susceptible to viral infection include inflammatory status, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, function of CNS cells, and plaque formation. There are also psychoneurological and mood disorders associated with both MS and COVID-19 infections. Finally, we discuss the effects of exercise on peripheral and central inflammation, BBB integrity, glia and neural cells, and remyelination. We conclude that moderate exercise training prior or after infection with SARS-CoV-2 can produce health benefits in patients with MS patients, including reduced mortality and improved physical and mental health of patients with MS. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that started in 2020 has caused death and disease throughout the world , leadingMany features of MS and COVID-19 disease share similarities, including immune and BBB dysfunction, increased reactivity of brain residence cells , demyelination and plaque formation, and finally neuronal loss . InflammThe high transmissibility and dissemination of the coronavirus has led to a race to develop treatments for COVID-19 using inactivated/killed whole virus and convalescent plasma to improve immune responses . These vThere is no molecular-based evidence regarding the effects of COVID-19 in individuals with MS. The goal of this review is to describe the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on patients with MS and the neuroprotective roles of exercise.A comprehensive revision was performed using electronic databases including Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus on studies related to human and experimental subjects, from inception until February 2022. We included studies involved MS, COVID-19, and exercise and investigations on mechanisms, using the following key terms: “coronavirus or COVID-19”, “MS disease or patients”, “coronavirus and nervous system”, “coronavirus pathways infecting central nervous system”, “coronavirus and cytokine storm”, “coronavirus and BBB disruption”, “coronavirus and microglia activation”, “coronavirus and astrocyte activation”, “microglia and astrocytes in health and pathology”, “coronavirus/MS and demyelination”, “coronavirus and plaque/lesion formation”, “coronavirus and neural loss”, “MS and cytokine storm”, “MS and inflammation”, “MS and BBB permeability”, “MS and plaque/lesion formation”, “COVID-19/MS and mental or psychological or mood or anxiety or depression problems”, “COVID-19 and loneliness”, “COVID-19 and stress”, “loneliness and stress”, “COVID-19 and socio-psychological stress”, “COVID-19/MS physical inactivity”, “physical inactivity and mental/psychological/mood problems”, “physical inactivity and inflammation”, “inflammation and depression”, “exercise adaptions in mental/mood/psychological/metabolic/central nervous system”, “exercise and the changes in myokines”, “exercise and immune system or inflammation”, “exercise and monoamines and neurotransmitters”, “exercise and BBB”, “exercise and microglial/astrocytes changes”, “exercise and neurotrophic/growth factors”, “neurotrophic/growth factors and depression”, “exercise and endocrine adaptations”, “exercise and neurological/mental/mood disorders”, “exercise and stress reduction”, “exercise and endocannabinoids”, “endocannabinoids and mood”, “monoamines and psychological problems”, “exercise and oxidative stress”, “exercise and MS”, “exercise during COVID-19”, “exercise and opioids”, “opioids and mood”, “exercise and stress”.The worldwide pandemic caused by COVID-19 led to a novel disease related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2) . SARS-CoSARS-CoV-2 infects neuronal cells of the CNS and peripheral nervous system . Animal SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors that are primarily expressed on airway epithelial cells, lung parenchyma, vascular endothelial cells, renal cells, and cells in the small intestine , althougA second pathway for the entry of the virus is the hematogenous pathway which allows for viral entry of most HCoV strains by infecting peripheral monocytes, T lymphocytes, and macrophages . The infPeripheral T lymphocytes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and monocyte/macrophages secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to increase BBB permeability by downregulating tight junction proteins such as occludin and cluadin-5 . Hyper-iCollectively, SARS-CoV-2 is a neuroinvasive virus that enters the CNS and leads to inflammation, changes in glial cells BBB permeability, plaque formation and demyelination .Disruption of the BBB leads to inflammation in both patients with MS and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS . SeveralPlaque/lesion progression is a hallmark of MS pathology. Oligodendrocytes, as glial cells forming myelin sheaths around axons involved in conducting neuronal impulses, are targeted by the immune system in acute lesions in patients with MS . AlthougThe formation of lesions or plaques is a hallmark in the pathology of MS, with imaging of lesions confirmed by MRI technology used to diagnose the severity of MS . With reCommon strategies to combat viral infections include quarantine and social isolation, which can cause mental and psychological disorders including acute and chronic stress, anxiety and depression . These cAs many as 60% of patients with MS suffer with depression and anxiety . There aBdnf gene by blocking CREB function , which are rich in Toll-like receptors (TLR4) on their surfaces  were used to monitor changes in BBB permeability ) and in supporting astroglial cells . There ieability . Exerciseability . Increaseability  and disreability . Thus, eAstrocytes interact with tight-junction proteins to maintain BBB integrity . AstrocyIn summary, regular exercise improves BBB integrity in some neurological conditions by mitigating inflammatory states, increasing tight-junction proteins, promoting angiogenesis, and favouring astrogliocytosis (astrocyte proliferation) over astrogliosis.Myelin is required for the conduction of neural impulses, and demyelination of neurons and white matter atrophy is a characteristic of MS . OligodeExercise increases silent mating type information training (SIRT1) levels , which uCX3CL1/CX3CR1; mediators of chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells) to polarize microglia to a neuroprotective phenotype (IGF1/Iba1 positive microglia), and increase their phagocytic activity to expedite the clearance of myelin debris   to M2 (neuroprotective) . M1 micrn debris . M2 micrn debris . Additioiameter) .Survivors of acute viral respiratory diseases such as COVID-19 endure neuropsychological deficits and a poor quality of life (QOL) that can last for 1 year or more . PatientViral infection in MS patients is often associated with an increased risk of relapsing . PatientInclusion of the resistance training in daily activities for at least two sessions per week expedites recovery from infection . The resExercise also improves immunological responses in MS and COVID-19 . ModeratRegular physical exercise mitigates mental and psychological disorders associated with COVID-19 infections in patients with MS by causing changes in neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, opioids, and neurotrophic and growth factors. Regular exercise leads to positive changes in central and peripheral immune systems and induces an anti-inflammatory milieu to limit the effects of the cytokine storm associated with MS and COVID-19. Thus, regular exercise training has pronounced central and peripheral effects that can be used as prophylactic and reparative interventions to improve brain health.


Depression with catatonic features is a relatively common condition that can pose difficulties in nosological assessment and lead to life-threatening complications.To determine the structure of catatonia associated with depression, and its subtypes.The exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood (MLE) data extraction and varimax rotation was used in a sample of 96 patients with depressive, bipolar or schizophrenia spectrum disorders, who were depressed and who met the criteria for catatonia according to the Bush-Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI).The factor analysis revealed four factors of catatonia in depression, accounting for 57.3% of the variance. “Agitated” factor  includes agitation, impulsivity, emotional lability, verbigeration, sudden muscular tone alterations, ambitendency, perseveration and stereotypy. “Hypokinetic” factor  includes mutism, withdrawal, stupor, staring, negativism, rigidity, posturing and gegenhalten. “Proskinetic” factor  includes automatic obedience, mitgehen, echophenomena, catalepsy and waxy flexibility. “Parakinetic” factor  includes grimacing, flat affect, compulsive emotions, mannerisms and compulsive behavior. “Agitated catatonia” is a more specific subtype and is usually associated with bipolar disorder. “Hypokinetic catatonia” is the most common but less specific subtype. “Proskinetic catatonia” in depression does not occur apart from other subtypes of catatonia. “Parakinetic catatonia” is most commonly associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Our study shows the heterogeneity of catatonic features in depression and facilitates the nosological diagnosis of catatonic depression.No significant relationships.


The correct affiliation is 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China. The affiliation has been corrected as above.In the article titled “Thyroid Hormone Changes in the Northern Area of Tianjin during the COVID-19 Pandemic” [


Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-022-32190-7, published online 02 August 2022Correction to: end” column were missing the “-” sign, and the terms “Na(1)” and “Na(2)” were swapped. In Supplementary Table end was incorrectly reported as “|ΔEend|”. The correct affiliations, axis labels, numerical values of tables and labelling of equation components are now provided in the main text and In the original version of this article, one of the affiliation details for Anthony K. Cheetham were incorrectly given as ‘Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Bengaluru 93106 California, USA’ but should have been ‘Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106 California, USA’. Also, in the original version of the Supplementary Information associated with this Article, the affiliations of Anthony K. Cheetham, Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam and Pieremanuele Canepa were incorrectly reported and numbered. Also, this article contained mistyping errors in Figure 2, Figure 4, Supplementary Table Updated Supplementary Information


In the published article, there were errors in the affiliations of Zhaohui Su and Dean McDonnell.Instead of “Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States,” the affiliation of Zhaohui Su should be “School of Public Health, Institute for Human Rights, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.”There was an error in affiliation 2. Instead of “Institute of Technology Carlow” it should read “South East Technological University.” The full corrected affiliation of Dean McDonnell is “Department of Humanities, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland.”The authors apologize for these errors and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Vaccine-induced and naturally-acquired protection against Omicron and Delta symptomatic infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes, France, December 2021 to January 2022’ by Suarez Castillo et al., published on 21 April 2022, the number ‘2,701,992’ was mistyped as ‘2,701,922’ in one sentence. This was corrected on 22 April 2022 at the request of the authors.In the article ‘


Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23409-0, published online 04 November 2022Correction to: In the original version of this Article author Hongguang Cui was incorrectly assigned affiliation 4: “School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA”, and affiliation 10: “The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China”, instead of affiliation 5. The correct affiliation 5 is listed below.“Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China.”Additionally, affiliation 10 was removed from this Article as it was a duplicate of affiliation 5.The original Article has been corrected.


In the published article, there was an error in the affiliations listed for author Giada Rapelli. Instead of affiliations 1, “Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Milan, Italy” and 2, “Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Lombardy, Italy” this author should just be affiliated to “Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.” The corrected affiliations are listed in this article.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Due to a production error, there was an error regarding the affiliations for author Bernard de Bono. Instead of affiliation 1, he should only be associated with affiliation 2 “Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand”.The publisher apologizes for this mistake. The original version of this article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 5. Instead of “Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China”, it should be “Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Due to a production error, there was an error in the Affiliation of Author Yang Li.Instead of “Affiliation 2: Cultural Creativity and Management School, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China,” it should be “Affiliation 1: Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.“ This has been corrected and all the remaining affiliations have been reordered.1†, Yang Li1†, Yang Zhao1†, Mingyu Yang1, Xiaoming Zhang1, Yuhan Teng1, Linjie Jing1, Danxun Kong1, Tongxin Liu1, Shuanglin Li1, Fanli Meng1*, Qi Wang2* and Ling Zhang3* 1Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China, 2Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China, 3Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.”“Zhipeng HongAlso, there was a typo in one of the Keywords. “sybean” has been corrected to “soybean.”The publisher apologizes for this mistake. The original version of this article has been updated.


In the first paragraph, the number of Flint residents who may have had depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and comorbid depression and PTSD should have read 13 600, 15 000, and 8600, respectively. This article has been corrected.1In the Original Investigation titled “Prevalence of Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Flint, Michigan, 5 Years After the Onset of the Water Crisis,”


In the article titled “Reproductive Health Right Practice among Preparatory School Female Students of Assela Town, Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia” , the ord


Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Malignant Hypertensive Retinopathy” published on pages 432–436, Volume 17, Issue3of Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research, the affiliation of the third author “Ramak Roohipour" is the second affiliation “Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States". The online version of the article has therefore been updated on October ___, 2022 and can be accessed from ___________.In the article titled “


Instead ofIn the published article, there was an error in affiliations 1Department of General Surgery, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh“2Department of Endcrinology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, it should be1Department of General Surgery, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China“2Department of Endcrinology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China”Delin Liu. As well as having affiliation “1”, they should also have “Department of Endcrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China”.In the published article, there was an error regarding the affiliation(s) for Results, The endothelial cells of keloid are divided into four subgroups, [176–180]. This sentence previously stated:A correction has been made to “genes upregulated in Endo1 were mainly involved in Osteoclast differentiation, TNF signaling Endo1 upregulated genes were mainly involved in Osteoclast differentiation, TNF signaling pathway, Apoptosis; Endo2 upregulated genes were mainly involved in IL-17 signaling pathway, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, Rheumatoid arthritis; Endo3 upregulated genes were mainly involved in Endo3 upregulated genes are mainly involved in Endocrine resistance, Estrogen signaling pathway, Proteoglycans in cancer and other signaling pathways”The corrected sentence appears below:“genes upregulated in Endo1 were mainly involved in Osteoclast differentiation, TNF signaling pathway, Apoptosis; Endo2 upregulated genes were mainly involved in IL-17 signaling pathway, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, Rheumatoid arthritis; Endo3 upregulated genes were mainly involved in Endocrine resistance, Estrogen signaling pathway, Proteoglycans in cancer and other signaling pathways”The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Scientific Data 10.1038/s41597-022-01697-5, Article published online 1 October 2022Correction to: In this article affiliation details for Cristina Santos were incorrectly given as ‘Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain’; ‘Biomedical Research Centre Network for Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain’ & ‘Pathology Service, Bellvitge University Hospital (HUB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain’ but should have been ‘Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL). Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain’; ‘Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain’; ‘Medical Oncology Department. Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain’ & ‘Biomedical Research Centre Network for Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain’.In addition, the affiliation ‘Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL). Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain’ for Ramon Salazar was missing.The original article has been corrected.


Scientific Data 10.1038/s41597-022-01459-3, published online 22 June 2022Correction to: In this article the affiliation details for Claire Trenham were incorrectly given as ‘US Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California, US’ but should have been ‘Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia ‘. The original article has been corrected.


The outbreak and spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019 was a public health emergency of global concern. As an important health behavior, physical activity (PA) and its impact on mental health have been increasingly explored during the epidemic period. The keywords and references were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and CNKI since the inception of an electronic bibliographic database until October 2021. A total of 2979 articles were identified, of which 23 were eligible for inclusion to examine the relationship between PA and mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Residents with regular PA, high-intensity PA, and PA duration of 30–60 min or more per day were associated with a lower risk of anxiety, depression, and negative emotions. In contrast, residents with no exercise and physical inactivity were more likely to have anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and lower subjective well-being. In addition, the dose–response curve between PA and negative emotions indicated a U-shaped relationship, and there were urban–rural differences in the relationship between emotional status and the levels of PA in adolescents. The findings have significant implications for addressing mental health issues during the current pandemic and future pandemics. Future studies adopting an experimental study design, conducting objective PA measures, and focusing on the vulnerable subpopulations are warranted to further explore the association of PA on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic began in December 2019 and, as a result of its extremely high rate of infection, spread rapidly in a short period of time, resulting in a pandemic that has severely affected most countries. With the international spread of epidemics posing a major public health risk to the world, the global outbreak of COVID-19 of international concern was officially declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 30 January 2020 and upgraded to a pandemic on 11 March. In response to the sudden outbreak, the Chinese government has adopted a series of effective measures, including community closure, home isolation, and social distancing, to halt the spread of the pandemic and to minimize the possibility of transmission and infection of COVID-19.These measures, as well as the outbreak itself, brought inevitable mental health consequences, such as stress, fear, or anxiety. Xiong reported elevated rates of mental health outcomes  in the global general population during the outbreak . Since bIn fact, prior to the pandemic, physical activity (PA) had been identified as a protective factor against anxiety . MoreoveIt is reported that there is a certain correlation between the decline in PA and the occurrence of mental health problems ,10. The Studies that met all of the following criteria were included in the review: (1) study design: cross-sectional studies, or longitudinal studies; (2) study subjects: healthy people of all ages; (3) study time frame: during the COVID-19 pandemic; (4) exposure: PA-related behaviors; (5) outcome: mental health ; (6) article type: peer-reviewed publications; (7) time window of search: from the inception of an electronic bibliographic database to October 12, 2021; (8) language: articles written in English or Chinese; (9) country: China.Studies that met any of the following criteria were excluded from the review: (1) studies which had no outcomes related to mental health status; (2) studies which had no PA measures; (3) studies which did not examine the relationship between PA and mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic; (4) studies which were not conducted in China; (5) studies that included participants who were pregnant women, people with disabilities, or patients; and (6) editorials, study/review protocols or review articles.A keyword search was performed in five electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and CNKI . The search algorithm included all possible combinations of keywords from the following three groups: (1) “coronavirus”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “COVID-19”, “COVID19”, “COVID 19”, “COVID-2019”, “2019nCoV”, “2019-nCoV”, “2019 nCoV”, “SARSCoV-2”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “SARS-COV2”, “SARS CoV2”, “coronavirus”, “nCoV-19”, “corona virus”, “lockdown”, “social isolation”, “quarantine”, “stay-at-home”, “stay at home”, “staying home”, “stay home”, “staying at home”, “home confinement”; (2) “motor activity”, “motor activities”, “sport”, “sports”, “physical fitness”, “physical exertion”, “physical activity”, “physical activities”, “physical inactivity”, “sedentary behavior”, “sedentary behaviour”, “sedentary behaviors”, “sedentary behaviours”, “sedentary lifestyle”, “sedentary lifestyles”, “inactive lifestyle”, “inactive lifestyles”, “exercise”, “exercises”, “active living”, “active lifestyle”, “active lifestyles”, “outdoor activity”, “outdoor activities”, “walk”, “walking”, “running”, “bike”, “biking”, “bicycle”, “bicycling”, “cycling”, “stroll”, “strolling”,, “active transport”, “active transportation”, “active transit”, “active commuting”, “travel mode”, “physically active”, “physically inactive”; and (3) “mental health”, “mental disorders”, “psychology”, “emotions”, “mental health”, “mental illness”, “mental disorder”, “mental disorders”, “well-being”, “wellbeing”, “mood”, “anxiety”, “depression”, “depressive”, “distress”, “stress”, “resilience”, “sleep”, “insomnia”, “affective”, “fear”, “phobia”, “emotion”, “emotions”, “emotional”, “psychological”, “psychology”, “psychiatry”, “psychiatric”. The MeSH terms “coronavirus”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “exercise”, “mental health”, “mental disorders”, “psychology”, “emotions”, “humans”, or “China” were used in the PubMed search. Title and abstract screening were conducted on the articles identified from the keyword search. Potentially eligible articles were retrieved, and their full texts were evaluated. Two coauthors of this review independently performed title and abstract screening. Cohen’s kappa (κ = 0.80) was used to assess inter-rater agreement. Discrepancies between the two authors were resolved through discussion.A standardized data extraction form was used to collect the following methodologic and outcome variables from each article, including authors, publication year, city or region or country, study design, sample size, age range, proportion of female participants, sample characteristics, statistical model, non-response rate, setting, type of PA measure, detailed measure of PA, types of mental health measure, effects of PA on mental health, and main findings of the relationship between PA and mental health.We used the National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies to assess the quality of each included study . This asn = 17) had a sample size between 1000 and 9999; it is worth mentioning that there was a study with a sample size of more than 10,000. The mean and median sample sizes were 3157 and 1608, respectively, with a standard deviation of 3196 and a range from 66 to 12,107. A total of nine studies recruited children and adolescents, nine studies recruited college students (two of these were studies on returning college students) and the remaining five recruited adult residents. All included studies recruited both males and females. Among the 22 articles that reported gender distribution, 12 studies indicated that women accounted for over half (51–100%) of the analytic sample and 10 studies indicated that women accounted for less than half (35–50%) of the analytic sample.n = 12), depression (n = 14), and other variables of psychological health  (n = 13). Anxiety measures adopted GAD-7 (n = 5), SAS (n = 4), DASS-21 (n = 2), and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (n = 1). Depression measures adopted PHQ-9 (n = 4), SDS (n = 2), CES-D (n = 3), DASS-21 (n = 2) and Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (n = 1). Other variables of mental health measures mainly adopted DASS-21 (n = 2), POMS (n = 4), YSIS (n = 2), FCV-19S (n = 2), and GWS (n = 1).Eleven studies examined the associations of PA and anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic. Among them, seven studies reported statistically significant associations between PA frequency and anxiety ,19,29,32Two studies reported a statistically significant association between PA duration and anxiety ,21. Lu eTwo studies reported statistically significant associations between PA intensity and anxiety ,30. Chi Fourteen studies focused on associations between PA and depression.Six studies reported statistically significant associations between PA frequency and depression ,19,26,32By contrast, Lin et al. reported those exercising regularly but lasted less than 2 months were more likely to have mild depression . No exerThree studies reported statistically significant associations between PA duration and depression ,21,28. LFive studies reported statistically significant associations between PA intensity and depression ,25,27,30Thirteen studies reported the association of PA and other variables of mental health .First, PA participation was negatively associated with perceived stress levels . RegularSecond, highly active physically , and botThird, physical exercise was positively correlated with subjective well-being and was significantly higher in women than in males . InadequFourth, PA was associated with the mood states. Kang et al. reported that higher PA was significantly associated with lower levels of negative mood states . Xiao etIn addition, Zhang et al. reported that the dose–response curve between PA and negative emotions indicated a U-shaped relationship .In terms of gender subgroup, boys’ exercise participation behaviors  are higher than girls’ . FemalesIn terms of age subgroup, five studies, focusing on children and adolescents, indicated that the epidemic had a negative impact on PA. Teenagers with the pressure about study are more likely to have symptoms of anxiety and depression ,31. ChilFor the older population, it was reported that there was a high awareness of health management behavior among the Chinese elderly population, with a relatively low proportion of people aged 55–59 and older with less physical activity and less screening time during family isolation .n = 18) and examined different levels of the exposure in relation to the outcome (n = 16); 12 studies implemented valid and reliable exposure measures. Nine studies measured and statistically adjusted key potential confounding variables for their impact on the relationship between exposures and outcomes. In contrast, none of the studies had the outcome assessors blinded to the exposure status of the participants. Only one study had an attrition rate of 20% or less, measured exposures of interest before the outcomes, assessed the exposures more than once during the study period, and had a reasonably long follow-up period that was sufficient for changes in outcomes to be observed. Two studies provided a sample size justification using power analysis.This study systematically reviewed the literature on the association between PA and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. A total of 23 studies, including 21 cross-sectional, and 2 longitudinal, were included in this review. The findings from this review demonstrate that residents with regular PA, high-intensity PA, and PA duration of 30–60 min or more per day were associated with a lower risk of anxiety, depression, and negative emotions. In contrast, residents with no exercise and physical inactivity were more likely to have anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and lower subjective well-being. In addition, the relationship between PA intensity and emotional efficacy presents an inverted U-shaped curve, that is, both low-intensity and high-intensity physical activity are not conducive to the generation of motor emotional benefit, while the emotional benefit of moderate-intensity activity is the best .Physical isolation during the pandemic has affected normal physical activities, such as the suspension of all sports and fitness facilities, the possibility of participating in group sports activities blocked by home isolation, and the wearing of masks has affected individual outdoor activities. Therefore, barriers to PA exacerbated the negative impact on mental health during the pandemic. It is worth noting that the impacts had gender differences and group differences. Compared to men, women’s PA levels are more susceptible to the influence of the outbreak. The reasons for the difference were that women are more susceptible to external influential factors, and more fearful in the face of the COVID-19 crisis . In addiThere is growing scientific evidence that PA is a self-selected lifestyle behavior, an effective means of promoting mental health and resisting the risk of the COVID-19 pandemic . AlthougIn terms of policy implications, it is necessary to formulate public health policies related to PA promotion during the pandemic to improve mental health, such as guiding and encouraging workouts at home, exercises in outdoor natural environments which help to maintain the social distance, and online PA instruction and interaction. Moreover, special attention should be given to vulnerable groups in terms of mental health . By planning and designing PA measures that can be actively implemented in any context, unnecessary negative effects on mental health can be avoided during any pandemic in future.To our knowledge, this study is the first that systematically reviews the existing literature regarding the association of PA and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The review not only considered several domains of mental health , but also considered PA frequency, duration, and intensity. Understanding the potential impact of PA on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic has important implications for the current pandemic and future pandemics.Several limitations pertaining to this review and the included studies should be noted. First, the majority of studies adopted a cross-sectional study design, which excludes a causal interpretation regarding the impact of PA on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic; therefore, it was only clarified the correlation between PA and mental health. Second, all studies adopted subjective PA measures, and thus were subjected to social desirability bias or recall bias. In addition, this review included articles written in Chinese and English only; articles written in other languages may be omitted. Finally, this study focused on healthy residents, while vulnerable groups  remain limited. Future studies are warranted to adopt intervention studies where PA baseline and changes are recorded and the mental health status is defined before and after the epidemic period, conduct objective PA measures, classify leisure and work-related PA, and focus on the vulnerable subpopulations to further explore the association of PA on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.This review examines the relationship between PA and mental health during the pandemic. The study found that PA is related to mental health during the epidemic, and maintaining a certain amount of PA has a positive influence on mental health. However, physical inactivity or no exercise leads to a higher probability of mental health problems. Our findings have significant implications for addressing mental health issues during the current pandemic and future pandemics. Future studies adopting intervention studies where PA baseline and changes are recorded and the mental health status is defined before and after the epidemic period, conducting objective PA measures, classifying leisure and work-related PA, and focusing on the vulnerable subpopulations are warranted to further explore the association of PA on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.