Floral scent (FS) plays a pivotal role in maintaining ecological equilibrium within plant populations and ecosystems while also bearing significance for human well-being. Despite the growing interest in FS research, there exists a dearth of comprehensive analyses on research trends, contemporary topics, and their broader implications. In this study, we employ bibliometric techniques using data from the Web of Science Core Collection spanning 1987–2022 to offer a quantitative overview of the scientific literature surrounding FS by examining the annual publication outputs, popular research areas, temporal trends in keywords, geographic distribution of relevant studies, institutions, co-organizations, as well as relevant authors. Our findings reveal a marked upsurge in FS publications, notably within the domains of Food Science Technology, Plant Sciences, Chemistry, Agriculture, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology. The research landscape in FS primarily encompasses evolutionary dynamics, volatile compound analyses, biosynthesis mechanisms, and essential oil properties. These research trends signify a transition from micro-level exploration, focusing on individual pollination ecological functions of FS, to a macro-perspective that emphasizes FS’s overarching impact on species diversity and ecosystem stability. This shift extends from the investigation of singular sensory attributes of FS to a holistic evaluation of their role in food production, quality, and yield enhancement. It encompasses a move away from mere FS extraction towards the examination of antioxidant potential within phenolic compounds and other industrial applications. Thus, improving research methodologies, strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration on an international scale, and delving deeper into the multifaceted ecological functions of floral diversity and their societal implications will be paramount. Floral scents (FSs), composed of a spectrum of low molecular weight 30–300 amu) volatile compounds ,2, have 0–300 amuHow have the interdisciplinary interests and the advancement in technology influenced the study of FS?How do high-frequency keywords, extracted from bibliometric data, reflect the areas of emphasis in FS research, and what can these keywords reveal about the dominant themes and connections within this scientific domain?What are the key trends and thematic shifts identified through bibliometric analysis in the FS field, and how can these patterns inform interdisciplinary collaboration and future research directions?In our study, we employ social network analysis to quantitatively assess these patterns and shifts in FS research ,29 with Our aim is to unearth research gaps, accentuate focal areas, and foster interdisciplinary cooperation, ultimately enriching our appreciation of the ecological, biological, cultural, and industrial significance of FS, thereby shedding light on the intricacies of plant–environment interactions and their far-reaching implications.Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) 1900–present;Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) 1956–present;Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) 1975–present;Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) 2018–present;Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S) 1990–present;Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Sciences and Humanities (CPCI-SSH) 1990–present.To fulfill this objective, we selected the Web of Science database due to its exceptional bibliometric analysis capabilities, offering an extensive coverage period and a user-friendly interface when compared to Scopus . This bihttps://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/65b2c9b4-a66d-40cf-b290-e6981a2d9d30-7213ff82/relevance/1, accessed on 5 April 2023). Our study period began with the earliest publication in 1965 and given that only two studies were published annually before 1987, we focused on the period from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 2022. This selection process yielded a total of 5049 distinct articles.We employed the following keywords  to search document titles, abstracts, and keywords on Web of Science (We used HistCite (Pro 2.1 version) and VOSviewer (1.6.19 version) for data visualization, figure generation, and various data-mining tasks, including the extraction of annual output counts, documentation of article types, journal sources, contributing institutions, and author profiles. HistCite (Pro2.1), a software tool developed by Garfield and colleagues ,32, servVOSviewer (1.6.19), a robust and freely available software tool for bibliometric analysis and visualization , played VOSviewer’s overlay visualization feature allowed us to observe network items on a temporal gradient, providing insight into the chronological co-occurrence of these items. This visualization was constructed by assessing the average publication year in which keywords made their appearance . In an eThe temporal evolution of research outputs is illustrated in The classification of papers into research areas within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) by Clarivate Analytics serves the purpose of simplifying the understanding of research topics. Each paper is assigned to at least one research field, and it is evident that the domains encapsulating primary themes in the study of floral scents have expanded over time. According to Web of Science data, the number of research fields within FS research has burgeoned from 5 in 1987 to an impressive 45 in 2022. Among these research areas, the top 10 in terms of productivity were identified as follows: Food Science Technology, Plant Sciences, Chemistry, Agriculture, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Environmental Sciences, Ecology, Science Technology, Other Topics, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Entomology, and Nutrition Dietetics. These 10 research fields collectively accounted for 4589 out of the total 5049 publications, constituting an impressive 91% of the overall research output.The exploration of FS topic areas and trends through the utilization of VOSviewer resulted in the categorization of the 66 extracted topic keywords into four distinct clusters. These clusters are sized proportionally to the frequency of keyword occurrences, as visually represented in Cluster 1 spans a diverse spectrum of topics, primarily centered on volatile compounds and their identification. Within this cluster, keywords encompass chemical attributes recognized through identification technologies such as “gas-chromatography”, “solid-phase microextraction”, “mass spectrometry”, and “chromatography-mass spectrometry”. Additionally, the cluster delves into qualities associated with identification, including “flavor”, “impact odorants”, and “olfactometry”, among others.Cluster 2, anchored by the central keyword “FS”, gravitates towards subjects emphasizing the integral role of pollinators in reproduction and evolutionary processes. This thematic cluster includes keywords like “Hymenoptera”, “populations”, “bees”, “pollination”, “attraction”, “selection”, “ecology”, and “discrimination”, among others, underscoring the ecological and evolutionary dimensions of FS research.Cluster 3 is dedicated to keywords associated with the synthetic mechanisms of FS, encompassing terms like “biosynthesis”, “expression”, “metabolism”, “synthase”, “accumulation”, and “functional-characterization”, among others. This cluster delves into the intricate processes underpinning the creation and regulation of floral scents.Cluster 4 encompasses keywords such as “essential oil”, “antioxidant activity”, and “antimicrobial activity”. These keywords are closely interconnected and signify the relevance of floral scents in applications related to essential oils and their various biological activities.A discernible overlap between Cluster 1 (in red) and Cluster 2 (in green) is noticeable in FS. Node colors correspond to the average publication year of each keyword, facilitating the identification of the most recent topics and research directions in FS. Over the course of 36 years, there has been a notable shift in keywords. Initially, the landscape was dominated by terms such as “pollination”, “biology”, “flavor”, “constituents”, and “emission”, among others. However, as time progressed, these keywords gave way to newer themes, including “diversity”, “color”, “temperature”, “cultivars”, “quality”, “fermentation”, “profiles”, “yield”, “olfactometry”, “functional-characterization”, “chemical-composition”, “phenolic-compounds”, and “antioxidant activity”. This transition reflects the dynamic nature of FS research and the evolving areas of focus within the scientific community.An overlay visualization map that incorporates the publication year of documents, introducing a temporal dimension to the interpretation of the co-occurrence network map of keywords, is presented in The analysis of country network cooperation focused on the top 20 countries with the highest total link strength, as depicted in This study has revealed that a staggering 4297 institutions worldwide have researched FS. The top 10 institutions made a collective contribution of 676 papers (including collaborative publications involving each institution). However, only four institutions surpassed the group average (67.6) outputs . This inTechnological advancements have played a pivotal role in driving the development of Fragrance Science (FS) research. As the production of FS research outputs soared, the trend in article citations followed an inverse trajectory . This phManduca sexta relies on olfactory cues provided by Petunia axillaris, while nocturnal bees use olfactory cues to locate Campomanesia phaea [In the realm of FS research, keywords were categorized into four distinct groups, i.e., volatile components, floral scent, synthesis, and essential oils , indicatia phaea ,56. Ceropegia sandersonii flowers mimic the release of bee alarm substances to lure food-stealing fly pollinators [morphophallus species, Araceae and Orchidaceae, attract pollinators by releasing sexually deceptive signals [Philodendron fragrantissimum (Hook.) G. Don attract Cyclocephala simulatrix Höhne for specialized pollination by releasing methyl benzoate, (Z)-jasmonone, and dehydrojasmonone [Gloxinia perennis adapts to Eulaema bees through floral chemistry and daily fluctuations [Keywords such as “behavior”, “chemistry”, “patterns”, and “reproductive isolation” linked with “floral scent” hint at researchers’ growing interest in understanding the connections between pollinator behavior, floral scent chemistry, and their roles in reproductive isolation mechanisms. Floral chemistry helps plants improve their chances of pollination success by influencing pollinator perception and behavior. The spatial chemical signatures of Silene latifolia floral scents guide pollinators to the location and distance of flowers, helping them to locate flowers more effectively . Ceropeglinators . Most mo signals . Over lo signals . For exa signals . Beta-st signals . Philodeasmonone . Plants asmonone ,64,65 anasmonone ,67 offerasmonone . Bats, basmonone ,70,71,72asmonone . Gloxinituations  et al. Ttuations . Differetuations , leadingtuations ,78,79. Ftuations .The convergence of “volatile compounds”, “biosynthesis”, and “essential oil” with “floral scent” underscores researchers’ dedication to unraveling the formation, composition, and functions of FSs ,82. ThroOver a span of 36 years, the landscape of FS research has evolved significantly, as evident from the shift in prominent keywords. Initially, terms like “pollination”, “biology”, “flavor”, “constituents”, and “emission”, among others, dominated the field. However, more recently, the focus has shifted towards keywords such as “diversity”, “color”, “temperature”, “cultivars”, “quality”, “fermentation”, “profiles”, “yield”, “olfactometry”, “functional-characterization”, “chemical composition”, “phenolic compounds”, and “antioxidant activity”. These newer keywords, highlighted in yellow, represent the current hot areas in evolutionary adaptation, chemical identification, biosynthetic processes, and essential oils fields .The transition from keywords such as “pollination”, “pattern”, and “attraction” to “diversity” signifies a broadening of researchers’ perspectives within the realm of FS research. The focus has expanded beyond the pollination process to encompass a broader spectrum of ecosystem interactions. Researchers now investigate the evolutionary adaptations of plants, species diversity, and ecosystem stability. Floral biology has emerged as a multidisciplinary field, drawing expertise from various domains . CollaboSaccharomyces cerevisiae using Torulaspora delbrueckii and Hanseniaspora vineae to improve the aromatic profile and safety quality [In addition to shifts in FS research trends, related topics have also seen significant changes in research focus. Terms like “profiles”, “yield”, “quality”, and “fermentation” have become hot keywords in the context of “volatile compounds” related to “floral scent”. This shift reflects an expanded interest from purely sensory properties of floral scent components to broader aspects, especially in production and processing. Researchers are increasingly concerned with optimizing the overall quality and efficiency of food fermentation processes . This in quality . The hig quality ,98.C. morifolium act as chemical signals primarily responsible for indirect defense, attracting predatory and parasitic natural enemies of herbivores [http://bioinfo.cimap.res.in/aromadb/) [Within the realm of floral volatiles, there are three main groups, including terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and aliphatic derivatives . Terpenorbivores . Terpenorbivores . The prorbivores ,104,105.rbivores . One of rbivores ,108. Theromadb/) , which cromadb/) , such asromadb/) .Rhododendron by using PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technology to functionally characterize the R. ovatum genome [Petunia spp. (Solanaceae) is mainly related to cinnamate-CoA ligase (CNL) [In recent years, the development of biotechnology has revealed more functional features of odor genes in biological evolution, compound synthesis, etc. For example, Wang et al. revealed the major force played by tandem duplication in the evolutionary and adaptive mechanisms of m genome . Amrad ese (CNL) . Using vse (CNL) . The intse (CNL) ,115. These (CNL) ,117. These (CNL) ,119. IntThe rapid evolution of FS research is undeniably indebted to technological advancements driving the field to unprecedented heights. However, while the surge in published articles is impressive, it is equally vital to maintain a steadfast commitment to the quality of these contributions. By the year 2022, FS research firmly gravitated towards four pivotal domains: the evolutionary facets, chemical compositions, biosynthetic processes, and essential oils. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/65b2c9b4-a66d-40cf-b290-e6981a2d9d30-7213ff82/relevance/1, accessed on 5 April 2023) and provides a referable network of countries and author collaborations. As the first bibliometric study of FS research, this analysis is exploratory, but sets the stage for the future research landscape. Despite limitations (bibliometric mapping constraints), map analysis represents a valid tool that can support experts in various countries as they strive to improve their knowledge and pursue novel projects in the field of FS research.The article creates a holistic overview database for those who are new to the subject of floral scent (


Fall is a Southerner's reward for having survived the summer.James Farmer–Ochsner Journal contains four original research articles, one innovative program report, a quality improvement article, and five case reports and clinical observations which serve as the principal elements for this edition. This issue also contains the third quarterly Health, Medicine, and Society column, this time authored by Deborah F. Grimes, the Ochsner Health Chief Diversity Officer.The Fall 2023 issue of the The original research includes an article by Pettus, Gavlinski, Beermann, et al on “Implementation of and Barriers to Optimizing Postpartum Care by Resident and Attending Physicians” followed by “Prognostic Factors of Morbimortality in Patients Treated for Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis” authored by Garcia-Chairez, Robles-Torres, Rios-Palacios, et al. Next, please find work by Price-Haywood and Burton detailing “Racial Differences in Strength of Associations Between Colorectal Cancer Screening, Area Deprivation, Demographics, and Clinical Characteristics” followed by “Is It All About the Form? Norm- vs Criterion-Referenced Ratings and Faculty Inter-Rater Reliability” authored by Scielzo, Abdelfattah, and Ryder.An innovative program description is offered by a group of Ochsner physicians and trainees including Fixler, Oliaro, Frieden, et al who report on a very timely experience with “Alert to Action: Implementing Artificial Intelligence–Driven Clinical Decision Support Tools for Sepsis.” Our quality improvement article this edition comes from Riopelle, Kozmenko, Wyche, et al looking at “Lower Double-Wall Puncture Rate During Ultrasound-Guided Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation Using Sharper, Narrower-Gauge, and/or Length-Optimized Needles: A 6-Year Quality Improvement Clinical Series in Adult Patients.”Case reports and clinical observations include “Carcinosarcoma of the Esophagus–A Diagnostic Challenge” authored by Jain, Varshney, Aggarwal, et al, followed by “Syncope and Cardiac Arrhythmias Caused by a Paratracheal Mass” authored by Clayton, Eckholdt, Samra, et al. Jain, Selvakumar, Varshney, et al contributed “Gangliocytic Paraganglioma of the Duodenum: A Masquerader,” and Kajy, Rechenberg, Kerndt, and Wolschleger discuss “Cardiac Tamponade Secondary to Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusion: A Complication of STEMI.” Rounding out this section is “Massive Renal Cyst Displacing Intra-Abdominal Structures” by Mohammed, Zarm, Velez, and Mohamed.the, hottest summers temperature-wise since weather records were first kept. The promise of cooler temperatures is not far away, and Southerners will certainly welcome them as a reward for surviving this summer.Summer 2023 in the Deep South will certainly go down in the record books as one of the, if not Ochsner Journal accomplished a major milestone this summer: for the first time ever, the Journal has been assigned a journal impact factor (JIF) in Clarivate Analytics Journal Citation Reports. For 2022, the Ochsner Journal JIF is 1.2. In addition to a solid JIF, the Ochsner Journal offers several publication benefits: full-text availability at PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other databases; open-access publication with absolutely no article processing charges or other publication fees ; and CC BY copyright that vests copyright with the authors, not with the Journal.Ochsner Journal has been a pioneer in nonpredatory, open-access publishing. Congratulations to Managing Editor Kathleen McFadden, the editorial board, our reviewers, and all who have trusted their work to our review and publication for making this distinction possible.Since its inception in 1999, the


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation(s) 1 and 3. For affiliation 1, instead of “Faculty of Foreign Language Study, Guangzhou Commerce College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China”, it should be “School of Foreign Languages, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China”. For affiliation 3, instead of “International College, Guangzhou Commerce College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China” it should be “International College, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China”.The authors apologize for these errors and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 8. Instead of “Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile”, it should be “Centro Traslacional de Endocrinologia UC CETREN, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Residents of Puerto Rico bear a significant burden of mental health disorders, which the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated. However, age-specific data on these disorders during the pandemic in Puerto Rico are scarce. This study evaluated age-related differences in the self-reported diagnosis of depression and anxiety among adults ≥18 years residing in Puerto Rico during the pandemic. An anonymous online survey was administered from December 2020 to February 2021 via Google Forms to measure self-reported sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and physician-diagnosed mental health disorders. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted for each self-reported mental health diagnosis after adjusting for sex, education, income, marital status, chronic diseases, and smoking. Out of 1945 adults, 50% were aged 40 years and over. Nearly 24% of responders self-reported an anxiety diagnosis, whereas 15.9% reported depression. Compared to individuals 50 years and over, those 18–29 y, 30–39 y, and 40–49 y had significantly higher odds of an anxiety diagnosis . However, no association between age and depression diagnosis was found. Despite anxiety and depression being frequent disorders during the pandemic in this sample, younger adults bear a higher burden of anxiety. Further research is needed to allocate appropriate mental health resources during emergencies according to population subgroups. Two years after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, its aftermath has created a parallel mental health crisis on a global scale . Other sResidents of Puerto Rico, a US territory primarily comprised of Latinx persons (99.8% identifying as Latinx), already experienced a high burden of mental health disorders prior to the COVID-19 pandemic ,13,14,15Studies outside of Puerto Rico have reported that, during the pandemic, younger adults were disproportionally affected by stress, depression, anxiety, and loneliness compared to the older adult population . For insIn this secondary analysis, we used data from a previous cross-sectional study . BrieflyThe online survey was developed from a literature review. The scales selected were translated into Spanish (the dominant language used by residents of Puerto Rico) and revised by experts. For comprehensive purposes, the survey was piloted on a group of men and women  of various age groups from 20 to 58 y. The first page of the survey included an information sheet providing details about the study. People who were interested in participating proceeded to answer questions regarding their age and place of residency to determine their eligibility. If someone was found to be ineligible, the platform informed them and terminated the process. Eligible individuals then continued to complete the study survey. The inclusion criteria were being 18 years or older, presently residing in Puerto Rico, having access to an electronic device to complete the web-based survey, and being able to answer the survey in Spanish. Thus, individuals younger than 18 years, residing outside of Puerto Rico, without access to an electronic device, and unable to answer the survey questions in Spanish were ineligible. Eligible participants who completed the online survey were encouraged to share the study’s information with their contacts. No compensation was given to participants for completing the survey. As previously reported, a total of 2233 surveys were submitted; of which, 21 responders declined to participate, and 32 were ineligible. A total of 235 surveys were further eliminated due to duplicates . Thus, a total of 1945 responders completed the online survey and were included in the present analysis. Overall, the study had a response rate of 87% for those who successfully completed the online survey. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus. The online survey measured self-reported sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and mental health disorders of depression and anxiety. Survey respondents self-reported their age into one of the following categories: 18–29 y, 30–39 y, 40–49 y, 50–69 y, 70–79 y, and 80 y or older. The age groups were further collapsed due to small cell sizes in the older age categories into 18–29 y, 30–39 y, 40–49 y, and 50 y or older. Diagnoses of depression and anxiety were self-reported through a question that asked about existing diagnoses of chronic diseases: “Has a doctor ever told you that you had or have any of the following health conditions?” A checklist of over 30 health conditions followed, which included anxiety and depression , among oThe covariates assessed for the study included sex, education, marital status, income, diagnoses of chronic diseases, and smoking status, which were all self-reported as part of the online survey. Sex response options were “male”, “female”, and “prefer not to answer”. Participants self-reported whether they were “married”, “living with a partner”, “divorced”, “single”, “separated”, or “widowed”, and the response options were further collapsed into “married/living with a partner” vs. “divorced/single/separated/widowed”. Participants also reported their highest level of education and current annual household income. Education categories were collapsed into “high school graduate or less”, “associate degree”, “some college”, “undergraduate degree”, “master’s degree”, and “doctoral degree”. Income categories were further collapsed into “≤20,000 USD”, “20,001–40,000 USD”, “40,001–75,000 USD”, and “>75,000 USD”. For chronic diseases, participants were asked to report if they had been diagnosed with any chronic disease listed, which included cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, respiratory, autoimmune, endocrine, autoimmune, rheumatic, cancer, kidney, and liver diseases. These were further collapsed into a binary variable (none vs. any disease). Lastly, current smoking was assessed with the self-reported question “Do you currently smoke?”, with the response options being “yes” or “no”. p < 0.05. Descriptive statistics for the participant characteristics were expressed using frequencies and percentages for the total samples. Differences in participant characteristics by age group were tested using chi-square tests. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Models were adjusted for sex, education, income, marital status, chronic diseases, and smoking, all entered simultaneously into the models as categorical variables. STATA version 14  was used for all analyses. The significance level was set at Overall, 25% of the samples were between 18 and 29 y, 19% between 30 and 39 y, 22% between 40 and 49 y, and 34% ≥50 y . Of the p < 0.001). A self-reported depression diagnosis was only marginally significantly higher in the 18–29 y (18.1%) and ≥50 y (17.2%) groups than in the remaining age groups (30–39 y: 14.9% and 40–49 y: 14.9%). Similar results were observed in the adjusted logistic regression models  experienced a disproportionate burden of anxiety compared to older adults (≥50 y).The estimates of anxiety and depression symptoms during the pandemic (May 2020–August 2021) in the US were 20–30% and 28–37%, respectively . Our estOur findings of a self-reported anxiety diagnosis being higher among younger adults during the pandemic are in agreement with previous studies conducted worldwide ,5,6. ResThe literature suggests plausible explanations as to why older adults may have presented lower levels of anxiety and depression than younger adults during the COVID-19 pandemic ,33,34,35These findings have important public health implications. Firstly, public health campaigns, policies, and interventions need to focus on increasing accessibility to mental health services during emergencies, specifically for young adults. Secondly, research that evaluates the implementation of timely financial incentives and interventions that capitalize on important cultural values of the population in Puerto Rico  is needed. These may help build and improve social capital and decrease the burden of young adults’ experiences with anxiety as the population recovers from the pandemic . Lastly,The present findings need to be interpreted with caution and within the limitations of the study. First, the results are based on data that were collected through online recruitment, which may introduce selection bias, as reflected in the greater proportion of females and individuals of higher socioeconomic status in our sample ,38,39,40In conclusion, this study documented the burden of self-reported diagnoses of depression and anxiety disorders in a sample of adults residing in Puerto Rico during the pandemic and its variations across age groups. Our results evidenced differences in a self-reported anxiety diagnosis by age, with younger adults having a higher burden. Tailored public health campaigns and interventions by age groups are needed for future public health emergencies.


Instead of “Wenlong SuThere was an error in affiliation 1. Instead of “Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China”, it should be “Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 1. Instead of “Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China”, it should be “Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China”.In the published article, there was an error in the Funding statement. “Jiangsu Natural Science Funds” should be written as “Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province”. The correct Funding statement appears below.The authors apologize for these errors and state that they do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Zhou, PhD, has been corrected in the byline, and her affiliations have been updated to reflect her employment at the US Food and Drug Administration during the conduct of the study. They are now given as “Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland” and “Now with Clinical Safety and Risk Management, Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts.” This article has been corrected.1In the Original Investigation “Use of Immunization Information Systems in Ascertainment of COVID-19 Vaccinations for Claims-Based Vaccine Safety and Effectiveness Studies,”


The affiliations were listed as “Abdelhamid JebbouriIn addition, there was an error in affiliation 1 as published. Instead of “School of Tourism, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China” it should be “Department of Tourism, School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.”The authors apologize for these errors and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Dula D, Morton B, Chikaonda T, et al. Effect of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on experimental carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B in Blantyre, Malawi: a randomised controlled trial and controlled human infection study. Lancet Microbe 4: e683–912023; —In this article in the Research in context, Methods, and Results sections, the unit of volume is incorrect, it should be “100 μL”. Likewise, in the Procedures section, the final sentence in the second paragraph should read “800 μL skim milk, tryptone, glucose, and glycerol was added to the remaining nasal wash pellet and divided into three vials (300 μL into…” These corrections have been made as of Oct 4, 2023.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 1. Instead of “National Institute of Research “Saverio De Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, Italy”, it should be “Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis Research Hospital (IRCCS), Castellana Grotte, Italy”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Instead of “6Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.”Further, there was an error in the affiliations for author “Yangxin Chen.” Instead of having affiliations 2 and 5, the author should have affiliation 5 and “The publisher apologizes for this mistake. The original article has been updated.


Affiliation 4. Instead of “Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering Division, Cairo, Egypt,” it should be “Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.”In the published article, there was an error in author The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Scientific Data 10.1038/s41597-023-02638-6, published online 21 October 2023Correction to: In this article the funding from ‘the University of Miami Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas and Tecnologico de Monterrey ’ was omitted. The original article has been corrected.Additionally, the affiliation ‘Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico’ was incorrectly assigned for Felicia Marie Knaul. The original article has been corrected.


Avocado oil is excellent functional oil. Effects of three extraction methods  on the species, composition, and contents of lipids in avocado oil were analyzed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography–time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS/MS), and the differential components of lipids were revealed by OrthogonalPartialLeast Squares-DiscriminantAnalysis (OPLS-DA), S-plot combined with variable importance in the projection (VIP). The results showed that the fatty acid composition of avocado oil mainly consisted of oleic acid (36–42%), palmitic acid (25–26%), linoleic acid (14–18%), and palmitoleic acid (10–12%). A total of 134 lipids were identified first from avocado oil, including 122 glycerides and 12 phospholipids, and the total number of carbon atoms contained in the fatty acid side chains of the lipids was 32–68, and the number of double bonds was 0–9. Forty-eight differential lipid compounds with significant effects of the three extraction methods on the lipid composition of avocado oil were excavated, among which the differences in triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylethanol (PEtOH), and phosphatidylmethanol (PMeOH) contents were highly significant, which provided basic data to support the subsequent guidance of avocado oil processing, quality evaluation, and functional studies. Avocado is typical subtropical fruit, and “Hass”, “Choquette”, “Gwen”, “Lula” and “Maluma” are the main cultivated varieties, among which “Hass” has the largest planting area. Avocado is rich in nutrients, containing a variety of vitamins, tocopherols, and trace metal elements such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc, and the oil in the avocado pulp mainly consists of various monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, of which oleic acid accounts for 34% to 81%, 7.2–38.9% for palmitic acid, 6–26.6% for linoleic acid, 2.1–5.8% for linolenic acid, etc. − parent ion of PEtOH 34:1, m/z 125.0009 was phosphoethanol, and m/z 255.2327 and m/z 281.2475 represented the mass spectrum information of [FA 16:0–H]− and [FA 18:1–H]−, respectively.After the precursor ions of selected lipid molecules enter the mass spectrometry QThere were few studies on the lipid composition in avocado oil, but there were more studies on pitaya seed oil, coffee bean oil, canola oil, and soybean oil. The present study showed that avocado oil was mainly composed of oleic acid (36–42%), palmitic acid (25–26%), linoleic acid (14–18%), and palmitoleic acid (10–12%), similar to the fatty acid composition in avocado reported by Fernandes et al. , but theIn this study, a total of 134 lipid molecules were identified from different extraction methods, which was less than that of pitaya seed oil (152)  and cycaThe fatty acid content and composition of avocado oil varied depending on the variety, origin , and extIn this study, the UPLC–TOF–MS/MS was used to profile the lipid profile of avocado oil first, and 134 lipid components were identified, including 122 glycerides and 12 phospholipids. The total number of carbon atoms contained in the fatty acid side chains of the lipids ranged from 32 to 68, and the number of double bonds ranged from 0 to 9. The differences between the three extraction methods were highly significant for the contents of TG, PEtOH, and PMeOH, and not significant for the contents of EtherDG and PG. The analysis by OPLS–DA, S–plot, and VIP identified 44 differential metabolic components, which provided theoretical data for guiding the avocado oil’s processing, quality evaluation, and in–depth functional research.


Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-023-44075-w, published online 09 October 2023Correction to: In the original version of this Article Georgian Badicu was incorrectly affiliated with ‘Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil’. Their correct affiliation is listed below.Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania.The original Article has been corrected.


Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-023-32864-2 published online 11 April 2023Correction to: In the original version of this Article, Jan Peřina Jr. was incorrectly affiliated with ‘Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61‑614 Poznań, Poland.’The correct affiliation is as follows:RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech RepublicThe original Article has been corrected.


Poor child feeding practice is a public health problem in Africa. Mobile health  is a supportive intervention to improve this problem; however, the evidence available in the current literature is inconsistent and inconclusive in Africa. Some studies state that exclusive breastfeeding is not different between controls and mHealth interventions in the first month. Other studies state that health providers need additional training for the success of mHealth interventions.This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide the summarized effect of mHealth on child-feeding practices in Africa to improve future planning and decisions.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the published and unpublished evidence gathered from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases between January 1, 2000, and March 1, 2022. Studies included were randomized control trials and experimental studies that compared mHealth to standards of care among postpartum women. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines followed for the reporting.After screening 1188 studies, we identified six studies that fulfilled the study criteria. These studies had 2913 participants with the number of total intervention groups 1627 [1627/2913 = 56%]. Five studies were completed within 24 weeks while one required 12 weeks. We included two RCTs, two cluster RCTs, and two quasi-experimental studies all used mHealth as the major intervention and usual care as controls. We found significant improvement in child-feeding practices among intervention groups.This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the application of mHealth improved child-feeding practices in Africa. Although the finding is compelling, the authors recommend high-quality studies and mHealth interventions that consider sample size, design, regional differences, and environmental constraints to enhance policy decisions. The place of residence, access, low socioeconomic development, poor socio-demographic characteristics, low women empowerment, and low women’s education might cause high heterogeneity in the included regions and need consideration during interventions.Registration number: PROSPERO: CRD42022346950.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41043-023-00487-y. Over the last few decades, child-feeding practice has been a prominent public health problem in Africa . EvidencSome studies showed that mHealth-based counseling is substantially supported in communities of various cultural beliefs and socioeconomic status , 15 and There are many modes of mHealth message delivery systems such as cell phone-based messaging, group counseling using common songs and dramas , and visMany challenges identified through various studies were related to ownership of devices, internet access , types oOverall, the challenges cause inconclusive evidence throughout the continent. For instance, some studies showed EBF is not different between controls and mHealth intervention groups in the first month , 36, 37 To summarize evidence on the effects of mHealth on child-feeding practices in African countries.The study protocol was approved by the AMU-IRB research review committee [AMU-IRB/1316/2022] on the 18th of July, 2022.We described the research question based on the population, intervention, comparator, and outcome [PICO] criteria as follows.Is mHealth an effective alternative to standard care to improve child-feeding practices in Africa?A systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized trials, interventional, longitudinal, and population cohort studies that used mobile phones in child-feeding practices in comparison to usual care.Studies conducted between January 1, 2000, to March 1, 2022, to include more mHealth studies from the time intervention started to the recent.Conducted on a population of pregnant or postpartum mothers.Randomized trials or interventional and longitudinal population cohort studies reported in the English language.Conducted using an intervention that involves mHealth .Conducted with a primary endpoint of the timing of breastfeeding practice at different months.Conducted with controls referred to Standards or usual Care.Studies with poor methodological quality or difficulty fitting into the local context.Studies with clear initial differences between interventions and controls (if studies have a dis-similar population in each group).Studies for which results cannot be obtained.Studies reporting in non-English languages [cannot obtain translation].We applied different search strategies to find available resources. Since our study includes both published and unpublished literature, we used PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Sciencedirect, African Journals Online (AJOL), and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) .Key Search terms: “Cell Phone*”, “Handheld Computer*”, “Multimedia*”, “Smartphone*”, “Technology Addiction”, “Cell Phone Use*”, “Telephone*”, “Text Messag*”, “Mobile App*”, “Patient Portal*”, “Internet-Based Intervention*”, “Hotline*”, “Telemedicine*”, “MP3-Player*”, “Webcasts as Topic*”, “Webcast*”, “Biomedical Assessment Technolog*”, “Biomedical Technolog*”, “Medical Informatics”, “Public Health Informatics”, “Marketing of Health Service*”, “Multimedia*”, “Wireless Technolog*”, “Electronic Mail*”, “Internet*” “Prenatal Care”, “Postnatal Care”, “Child Health Services”, “Maternal-Child Health Services” “Immunization Programs”,  to obtain quality outcomes. Further studies on the mHealth effect on child feeding practice may need to consider regional variabilities, which might include socioeconomic development and socio-demographic characteristics differences. Studies might need to find common additional interventions with mHealth. The current finding provides policy direction for mHealth application and further studies to include additional interventions along with mHealth.Additional file 1. The search strategies containing eight accessed databases.


Journal of Economic Geography, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, and Urban Studies ranked first, second, and third, respectively, according to average citations. The United States, United Kingdom, and China were the countries that yielded the most published studies in the field. The number of international collaborative studies published in non-native English-speaking countries  were higher than native English-speaking countries. Wuhan University, the University of Oxford, and Harvard University were the universities that published the most in the field. “Twitter”, “big data”, “networks”, “spatial analysis”, and “social capital” have been the major keywords over the past 20 years. At the same time, the keywords such as “social media”, “Twitter”, “big data”, “geography”, “China”, “human mobility”, “machine learning”, “GIS”, “location-based social networks”, “clustering”, “data mining”, and “location-based services” have attracted increasing attention in that same time frame, indicating the future research trends.A restless and dynamic intellectual landscape has taken hold in the field of spatial social network studies, given the increasingly attention towards fine-scale human dynamics in this urbanizing and mobile world. The measuring parameters of such dramatic growth of the literature include scientific outputs, domain categories, major journals, countries, institutions, and frequently used keywords. The research in the field has been characterized by fast development of relevant scholarly articles and growing collaboration among and across institutions. The  Social science data typically consist of meanings, motives, definitions, and typification Scott, . In addiAs the use of spatial social network analysis has proliferated in the social sciences, its potential for explicating social phenomena has become increasingly realized, with implications for corresponding action strategies and policy solutions. For example, methodologies that integrate spatial and social network data have been applied in infectious disease and chronic disease epidemiology  evaluate the research performance by country, institute, journal, subject category, and keyword; and (2) identify state-of-the art techniques and future research directions in spatial social network analysis.The dataset was derived from the databases of the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-expanded) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) publications by the Web of Science covering the time period of 2000 to 2019. The following keywords, including TS (Topic) =  AND , were employed to search all the archived documents for relevant publications. The selected publications include those keywords or close variants of those keywords (with *) in their titles, abstracts, or keywords. Information regarding titles, abstract, keywords, authors, institutions, and cited references was downloaded. The bibliographic search resulted in 2,721 publications. After deleting the records without complete authorship and publication year, 2,676 publications remain.Bibliometric analysis was conducted to assess the trends of spatial social network analysis research in the scientific literature. In this study, we used the R package “Bibliometrix” and the VOSviewer , “Environmental Studies” , “Computer Science Information Systems” , and “Economics” . When subject categories are examined, 456 combinations of unique categories were identified. The top 20 combinations of subject categories are illustrated in Table PLOS ONE was the most prolific journal, followed by the International Journal of Geo-Information, and Sustainability. All these three journals are open access journals. Regarding the average citation number per article, the Journal of Economic Geography, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, and Urban Studies were the three most highly cited journals, with magnitudes of 101.800, 40.389, and 39.923, respectively.The top 20 active journals are summarized in Table The spatial and institutional distributions of publications were analyzed in terms of authors’ affiliation information. The ten most productive countries are shown in Fig. The most productive country was the United States with 1,015 total articles. The United Kingdom ranked second with 442 articles, followed by China with 433. Figure Co-authorship analysis was used to examine the network of the countries that produced the most research outcomes in the field, as plotted in Fig. The collaboration network of the 80 most productive institutions is visualized based on the VOSviewer Fig. . The mosKeywords of publications can depict a general profile of the article contents. The co-occurrence relationships among the top 70 high-frequency keywords were explored, and the co-word networks were visualized by the VOSviewer software Fig. . The nodThe keywords with the highest frequencies were “social networks”, “social media”, “social network analysis”, and “social networks” because they matched the topics we used to collect publications. “Twitter”, “big data”, “networks”, “spatial analysis”, and “social capital” were used more than 50 times by authors, which indicate five research hotspots in the spatial social network field. The most highly cited publications with each of these five keywords were as follows: for “Twitter” research, Takhteyev et al.  investigExamining temporal evolution of these keywords would provide insights about the trends of research hotspots. We divided the 20-year period into three consecutive periods . For the 30 most frequently used keywords mentioned earlier, we listed their frequencies and ranks during the corresponding period in Column (2), (3), and (4) of Table If the rank of a keyword keeps moving upward across the three consecutive periods, we consider the keyword to be a rising trend. In contrast, a keyword is in a declining trend if its rank across the three consecutive periods keeps moving downward. It was found that 12 keywords  became increasingly popular in publications during the past 20 years. The keywords “social media,” “Twitter,” and “big data” referred to the data sources of spatial social network analysis. These keywords did not exist in articles in the 2000–2009 period, but they became the first, fourth, and sixth most popular keywords in the period of 2015–2019. This dramatic increase coincided with the popularity of social media and accessibility of social media data. Due to the growing availability of high-speed Internet access and the development of Web 2.0 technology, many social media applications, such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, were created between 2000–2010  Monitoring human dynamics. The geotagged user-generated information obtained from social media platforms  greatly facilitate human mobility and migration monitoring  Advanced modeling in spatial social networks. With the rapid advances of Artificial Intelligence (AI), many studies utilize deep learning approaches to solve graph-related problems, such as GraphSage  Applications in public health. SSNA has been widely applied in subjects of geography (Wang et al,


Affiliation 1. Instead of “School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China”, it should be “Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China”.In the published article, there was an error in The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


See, e.g., Ling [k and partial results for the mode(s) of the Poisson distribution of order k and the negative binomial distribution of the same order derived by Luo [Following the papers of Philippou and Muwafi , Philippg., Ling , Mohantyg., Ling , Chang [g., Ling , Johnsong., Ling , Shmuelig., Ling , Balakrig., Ling , Fu and g., Ling , Eryilmag., Ling , Rakitzig., Ling , Dafnis g., Ling , Sengar g., Ling , Kwon [1g., Ling , and refd by Luo , Georghid by Luo , Philippd by Luo , Shao and by Luo , and Geod by Luo .k-tuples of non-negative integers The Poisson distribution of order k, and it was named so, since, for k , also kr et al. , Patel [r et al. ). The lax for which Let hilippou  derived o et al.  presente and Luo  derived k to improve the lower bound of Luo [Georghiou et al.  employedd of Luo  and alsouo [mk,λ12k(k+1)((a)k has a unique mode For any integer (b)The Poisson distribution of order 2 has a unique mode Using the upper bound uk,λ of  and the hilippou  found thRemark 1.Since the modes of the Poisson distribution of order k with parameter λ are defined as the values of In the present short note, we derive some additional properties of The mode(s) of a discrete probability mass function is (are) its most probable value(s). In this section, we derive the modes of the Poisson distributions of order 3 and 4, respectively, when k-tuples of non-negative integers Because of ,(4)hk. From , it is eλ. Using , for 2≤x−j) From , since . From , we have h(0)=1,kh(k)−h. By k, and using them, along with a result of Georghiou et al. [k = 2, 3, and 4, the first two modes are 0 for k for k is the mode of the Poisson distribution of order k. Further research may include several interesting problems: Is it generally true that k increases? If it does, how fast is k?In the present article, in addition to the above paragraph regarding u et al. , we foun


The publisher apologizes for the error. There is an error in affiliation 11 for author Jan Trnka. The correct affiliation 11 is: Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Rusk´a 87, 10000 Praha 10, Czech Republic.


Falls are not always considered direct adverse drug reactions (ADRs). However, due to their mechanism of action, certain drugs increase the risk of falls. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the association between drugs and the risk of falls. An analysis of ADR reports submitted to a national pharmacovigilance database from 1992 to 2021 was performed using terms from the MedDRA dictionary. This included the word “fall” and terms related to conditions potentially predisposing patients to falls. The analysis involved examining the sex and age distribution of the population. Reports were assessed for seriousness, the class of the suspected drug, and the characterisation of fall events when they occurred. Over this period, 2217 cases were reported, with the majority occurring among females (60.71%) and the age group of 18–64 years old (38.43%). Most reports were classified as serious across all age groups, and immunomodulators (16.78%) were the most frequently reported pharmacotherapeutic class of suspected drugs. Falls were reported as ADRs in 343 cases, with fractures being the most commonly reported injuries (24.45%). In conclusion, falls can pose a significant health problem. Therefore, continuously monitoring drugs is crucial to minimise fall-associated risk factors. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can significantly impact health and must be reported for continuous vigilance by the authorities to ensure drug safety . HoweverA fall is the result of a complex interaction of risk factors, with drug use being one of the most modifiable. Due to their mechanism of action, some drugs may increase the risk of falls independently of other factors . Some auPsychotropics and tricyclic antidepressants can cause sedation, hypotension, and confusion, which elevate the risk of falls ,6. The rHence, the careful follow-up of patients taking FRIDs, particularly those causing dizziness, sedation, and hypotension, is essential to prevent falls . In thisThe study’s data emanate from reports acquired by the PPS, accessible within INFARMED, I.P.’s centralised database, known as the “Portal RAM”. This observational and descriptive study encompassed reports spanning from 1992 to 2021, encompassing all instances of ADR with the potential to precipitate a fall.Initially, 2884 reports were identified within the PPS database. After removing duplicates and reports featuring anaphylactic reactions omitted due to their non-correlation with the chronic use of a drug, as falls resulting from such reactions are independent of the pharmacological effects and inherently unpredictable, 2217 reports were selected for comprehensive analysis.® Office® Excel® 365 software .Data were evaluated through descriptive statistical methods, including relative frequency, absolute frequency, and percentages, facilitated by MicrosoftThe study population comprised cases of suspected falls associated with ADR that were spontaneously reported to PPS.The identification of these reports relied on the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). Specifically, it targeted the following high-level terms (HLTs): “Fall”, “Falling”, “Falling down”, “Disequilibrium”, “Gait abnormal”, “Gait abnormal NOS”, “Gait disorder”, “Gait disturbance”, “Gait instability”, “Vertigo”, “Vertigo (excl. dizziness)”, “Vertigo aggravated”, “Visual acuity decreased”, “Visual acuity lost”, “Visual acuity reduced”, “Visual disturbance”, “Visual disturbances”, “Visual disturbance NOS”, “Visual impairment”, “Balance disorder”, “Vestibular abnormalities”, “Vestibular disorder”, “Vestibular vertigo”, “Disequilibrium syndrome”, “Hypotension”, “Hypotension aggravated”, “Hypotension orthostatic”, “Hypotension postural”, “Orthostatic hypotension”, “Postural hypotension”, “Hypotension postural aggravated”, “Hypotension orthostatic asymptomatic”, and “Hypotension orthostatic symptomatic”.The search terms used in the portal were derived from current studies and from scientific evidence identifying drug-related adverse reactions associated with an elevated risk of falls. These terms are related reactions linked to ADRs, acknowledging that while some may not directly cause falls, they can create conditions that lead to a fall ,9,10.Demographic analysis of patients encompassed distinct age groups: 2 months to 2 years old; 3–11 years old; 12–17 years old; 18–64 years old; >65 years. Sex was classified as male, female, and unknown.The data were stratified based on the reporting rate spanning from 1992 to 2021 and the source of ADR reports: physicians, pharmacists, nurses, other healthcare professionals, consumers, or other non-healthcare professionals or marketing authorisation holders.The data were categorised according to the patient’s clinical status  and based on the seriousness (serious and non-serious). Serious ADRs were further stratified at clinically important, hospitalisation, incapacity, congenital anomaly, risk to life, and death.Correlations were established among the data, considering age group and sex in relation to seriousness. Additionally, serious ADR reports were correlated with the route of administration .The drugs reported were evaluated according to pharmacotherapeutic classes . An analAn analysis was made based on the reports that included only the terms “Fall”, “Falling”, and “Falling down”. These data were stratified according to seriousness (serious or non-serious). Serious ADRs associated with these terms were characterised by the type of injury  and the body region affected . Drugs that caused a fall were evaluated according to pharmacotherapeutic classes .Reporting generally increased over the years, especially during the last year analysed, as shown in n = 852; 38.43%) fell within the age range of 18 to 64 years old. Females accounted for the highest number of reports .Analysis of patient demographics, including age range and sex, is presented in n = 435; 39.58%) were the primary contributors to ADR reports, followed by pharmacists .Marketing authorisation holders submitted 1118 out of 2217 (50.43%) reports. The remaining 1099 out of 2217 (49.57%) originated from physicians, pharmacists, nurses, other healthcare professionals, consumers, or other non-healthcare professionals. Among these, physicians (n = 1001) of the reports.The outcomes of the patients’ clinical status were reported in 1447 out of 2217 reports (65.27%), while in 770 out of 2217 cases (34.73%), the outcomes remained unknown. Notably, in the suspected ADR progressed to cure in 45.15% (n = 1641) of all analysed reports. Additionally, 44.42% (n = 729) of the reported ADRs were classified as clinically important.Most ADRs reported were classified as serious, totalling 74.02% . In addition, the highest incidence of serious ADR reports, comprising 623 cases (28.10%), was observed within the age range of 18 to 64 years old , among the serious reports with a known route of administration, the parenteral route emerged as the most prevalent , While the route of administration was not specified in a significant percentage of ADR reports (n = 266) pointed to the involvement of multiple medications as potential contributors to ADR, particularly associations involving psychoactive drugs. The remaining classes, with less than 1% of incidences, were collectively categorised as “Others”, constituting 15.47% (n = 307).Specific medications were identified more frequently as potential triggers for ADR-related falls. n = 43) implicated multiple drugs as potential contributors to falls. The remaining classes, each with incidences of less than 1%, were grouped as “Others”, constituting 9.62% (n = 33)  .n = 243; 70.85%). Our analysis focused on scrutinising the serious reports to ascertain both the type and location of injuries. Multiple injuries were delineated in 274 clinical events, as illustrated in n = 86) lacked any elucidation regarding the type of injury or the affected region after a fall.In the context of these 343 out of 2217 reports, the majority comprised serious ADRs . Head injuries include intracranial, subdural, and subarachnoid haemorrhages, as well as head trauma and haematomas.n = 977; 28.57%) among the factors associated with falls, as shown in We examined reports to identify potential factors contributing to falls, even when not explicitly stated. The analysis encompassed terms suggesting conditions that increase the risk of falls. A single report could involve multiple reactions and terms. Hypotension was relatively common (Our study evidences an increasing trend in notification rates, particularly evident in 2021, in accordance with INFARMED data. This increase is probably due to the enhanced accessibility of “Portal RAM” since 2017. The creation of “Portal RAM” aimed to facilitate the process of reporting side effects by digitising all relevant information, thus facilitating the input of ADRs in a straightforward, accessible, and prompt manner, eliminating the need for third-party intermediation. The implementation of the portal has led to an increase in reports ,13.The rise observed in 2021 can be attributed to the impact of the COVID-19 vaccine, which has highlighted both public and professional awareness, consequently leading to a substantially increased number of ADR reports ,13. In fFalls pose a significant health problem. Most ADR reports associated with falls were classified as serious, with immunomodulators being the most frequently implicated pharmacotherapeutic class. ADR manifestations, such as dizziness, vertigo, vision disturbances, hypotension, bradycardia, and altered states of consciousness, may mask the recognition of a falling episode. Therefore, implementing preventive programs is crucial to reduce the incidence of fall-related injuries as a consequence of ADRs. The importance of pharmacovigilance in understanding the safety of drugs, particularly regarding the risk of falls, emphasises the need for vigilant reporting by all healthcare professionals to ensure accurate information.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 1. Instead of “Advanced Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China”, it should be “Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China”.In the published article, there was an error in the author list, and author Jianping Ye was erroneously excluded. The corrected author list appears below.1, Tingting Li2, Jing Xie3, Yanping Huo3*, Jianping Ye1,4,5*Lina TangThe authors apologize for these errors and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 9. Instead of “Anatomic Pathology Unit, Humanitas University Research Hospital, Milan, Italy”, it should be “IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy”.In the published article, there was also an error regarding the affiliations for Luigi M. Terracciano. As well as having affiliation 9, they should also have “Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy”.The authors apologize for these errors and state that they do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 4. Instead of “School of Foreign Languages, Hangzhou City College, Hangzhou, China”, it should be “School of Foreign Languages, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Retrospective analysis of longitudinal melanonychia: a Chinese experience By Lyu A, Hou Y and Wang Q. (2023) Front. Pediatr. 10:1065758. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.1065758A Corrigendum on Incorrect AffiliationIn the published article, there was an error in affiliation 1. Instead of “Department of Dermatology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China”, it should be “Department of Dermatology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error regarding the affiliations for Michael J. Pitman. As well as having affiliation(s) 1 Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center / New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, United States., they should also have “The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center / New York Presbyterian. New York, NY, United States.”In the published article, there was an error in the Funding statement. The Funding Statement was absent. The correct Funding statement appears below.This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health: 1R01DC018060.In the published article, there was an error. In Table 2 some species names in the second column are in capital letters.column, second row. This field previously stated:A correction has been made to Table 2, second “Human”, the correct name is “human”.column, sixth row. This field previously stated:In Table 2, second “Guinea Pig”, the correct name is “guinea pig”.column, seventh row. This field previously stated:In Table 2, second “Marmoset”, the correct name is “marmoset”.column, eleventh row. This field previously stated:In Table 2, second “Human”, the correct name is “human”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Effect of spraying l‐menthol on peristalsis resumption during endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric tumors.JGH Open. 2021; 5: 653–657.Akiyoshi Ishiyama, Ken Namikawa, Yoshitaka Tokai, Shoichi Yoshimizu, Yusuke Horiuchi, Toshiyuki Yoshio, Toshiaki Hirasawa, Tomohiro Tsuchida, Fumio Itoh, Junko Fujisaki. †Department of Gastroenterology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan” was incorrect. The order of the authors' affiliations should have been: “*Department of Gastroenterology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan and †Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Institute Hospital Gastroenterology Center, Tokyo.”The order of the authors' affiliations “*Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Institute Hospital Gastroenterology Center, Tokyo and The symbols representing the authors' affiliations were incorrect:† and Junko Fujisaki*Akiyoshi Ishiyama*, Ken Namikawa*, Yoshitaka Tokai*, Shoichi Yoshimizu*, Yusuke Horiuchi*, Toshiyuki Yoshio*, Toshiaki Hirasawa*, Tomohiro Tsuchida*, Fumio ItohThe symbols should have appeared as follows:*,†, Ken Namikawa†, Yoshitaka Tokai†, Shoichi Yoshimizu†, Yusuke Horiuchi†, Toshiyuki Yoshio†, Toshiaki Hirasawa†, Tomohiro Tsuchida†, Fumio Itoh* and Junko Fujisaki†Akiyoshi Ishiyama9 patients (127 lesions) in whom peristaltic movement resumed during ESD and l‐menthol was applied;….” was incorrect. This should have read: We included 116 patients (127 lesions) in whom peristaltic movement resumed during ESD and l‐menthol was applied;….” (bolded text indicates the error).In the ‘Methods’ section of the Abstract, the text, “We included 11l‐menthol 127 lesions, 119 cases” was incorrect. The text should have read: “Added l‐menthol 127 lesions, 116 cases” (bolded text indicates the error). The corrected Table In the third column heading of Table The authors apologize for these errors.


Integrative and Comparative Biology, volume 59, number 6, pp. 1609–1618In the original manuscript the authors inadvertently included 24 data points of unpublished anuran data in Figure 2. We have now enclosed a Figure 2 that removes all of the unpublished data, and thus now includes a total of 116 species (anuran and non anuran). The published anuran data remaining in Figure 2 is from Moen et al., 2013 (cited in the bibliography). We would like to apologize for this oversight.Secondly, the bibliography entry for Mendoza E., 2018, should be updated to be a thesis from Oklahoma State University, not UC Irvine, as stated.Lastly, M. Ilton’s association should be listed as ‘Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA’, not ‘Harvey Mudd University, Claremont, CA’.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 5. Instead of “Center for the Study of Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota´, Colombia”, it should be “Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 3. Instead of “Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy”, it should be “Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


The amended affiliation now reads, “Indian Council of Medical Research–Centre for Ageing and Mental Health, Kolkata, India.” This also affected the address of co–corresponding author Amit Chakrabarti, MD, which has been updated. This article has been corrected.1In the Original Investigation “Neurocognitive Analysis of Low-level Arsenic Exposure and Executive Function Mediated by Brain Anomalies Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in India,”


Due to a production error, there was an error in affiliation 1. Instead of “Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China”, it should be “Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China”. The publisher apologizes for this mistake.The original version of this article has been updated.


This article has been corrected.1In the Original Investigation titled “Misinformation, Trust, and Use of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19,”


Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-023-36503-2, published online 16 February 2023Correction to: Kcat” in Table 2 of the original version of this Article. The correct symbol should be given as “kcat”. These have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. Affiliation 11 was incorrectly given as “Department of Biological Engineering, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Cambridge, MA 02142-1479, USA” but should be “Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA”. Similarly, affiliation 12 was incorrectly given as “Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Cambridge, MA 02142-1479, USA” but should be “Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA”. In addition, the original version of this Article omitted the acknowledgement text: “We thank Prof. Stephen Bornemann for his insight and advice on the enzymology and chemistry of β-L-ODAP formation”. Furthermore, symbols of enzyme turnover number were incorrectly given as “


Due to a production error, there was an error in the affiliations for authors Ved Prakash Yadav and Chalapati Rao. Instead of author Ved Prakash Yadav having affiliation with “College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia”, they should have “World Health Organization, New Delhi, India”. Likewise for author Chalapati Rao, instead of having affiliation with “World Health Organization, New Delhi, India”, they should have “College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia”. The publisher apologizes for this mistake. The original article has been updated.


Author Xu J was erroneously excluded. The corrected author list appears below.In the published article, there was an error in the 1†, Xu J2†, Zhang L3, Li Y3, Chen M3*“Yang JThese authors contributed equally to this work”Author Contribution statement has also been updated to reflect Xu J’s contribution to the study, and appears below:The “JY, JX, and MC designed the study. LZ and YL performed the experiment. JY and LZ analyzed the data. JY, JX, and MC wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final article.”affiliation 3, they should also have “Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China”.In the published article, Xu J’s affiliations were erroneously omitted. As well as having Funding statement. The funder “Yunnan Province Science and Technology Program (No. 202101AY070001-121)” was erroneously omitted. The correct Funding statement appears below:In the published article, there was an error in the “This study was supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (No. 202102010129), Yunnan Province Science and Technology Program (No. 202101AY070001-121) and the Hangzhou Science and Technology Program (No. 20211231Y121)”.The authors apologize for these errors and state that they do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Text Correction - metadataIn the published article, there was an error in affiliation 4. This sentence previously stated “Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea”it should be “Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Affiliation 1. Instead of “School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.” it should be “Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China”.In the published article, there was an error in The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Ablation is a common treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to assess research trends in the ablation treatment of HCC using bibliometric analysis.Publications between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. The bibliometrix package from R software, CiteSpace, VOSviewer and an online analytical platform were used for data analysis and plotting.Hepatology, Journal of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Radiology. High-frequency keywords mainly focused on “therapy,” “resection,” “radiofrequency ablation” and “survival”.A total of 4,029 publications were retrieved from the Web of Science database between 1993 and 2022. The annual growth rate of publication numbers was 10.14%. China had the largest number of publications in the field of HCC ablation. China and the United States of America have the most notable cooperation. Sun Yat-sen University had the largest number of publications in the field of HCC ablation. The most relevant journals were With the increase in related publications, the research direction of ablation treatment of HCC is mainly focused on “therapy,” “resection,” “radiofrequency ablation” and “survival”, and the ablation treatment method has gradually changed from percutaneous ethanol injection to radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation. Irreversible electroporation may become the main method of ablation therapy in the future. OrthotoAblation treatment can destroy tumors through different mechanisms: chemical method [percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI)], thermal method , and short pulses of high voltage (irreversible electroporation) and so on . CurrentBibliometric analysis is the process of analyzing the citation history of published papers, and it uses mathematical and statistical methods to quantitatively analyze a large number of studies in a specific research field, thereby revealing the aspects of and research trends in this field , 11. At In recent decades, an increasing number of studies on ablation treatment of HCC have been published. However, to our knowledge, no bibliometric study on ablation treatment of HCC has been conducted. We did a bibliometric study to evaluate the literature on ablation treatment of HCC from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2022 to describe the current state of the field and to identify new research directions.22.1On January 3, 2023, we searched for relevant literature in the field of ablation treatment of HCC from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2022 from the Core Collection database Web of Science (WOS) (data source: Science Citation Index Expanded). The main search terms were: (“Hepatocellular Carcinoma” OR “HCC” OR “Hepatoma” OR “Liver Cancer”) (Title) and (“ablation” OR “ablative” OR “RFA” OR “MWA” OR “Cryoablation” OR “Percutaneous ethanol injection” OR “PEI” OR “IRE” OR “irreversible electroporation” OR “HIFU” OR ‘high intensity focused ultrasound’) (Title). The search was restricted to English-language studies. The document types mainly included articles, reviews, editorial materials, proceedings, meeting abstracts, and letters. The articles which were early access or retracted were excluded. The main information regarding the publications is presented in 2.2https://bibliometric.com/ ). The biblimetrix package can convert and output simplified bibliographic information and complete data analysis and visualization , CiteSpace (version 6.1.6), VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) and an online analytical platform , 51 proceedings (1.27%), 208 reviews (5.16%), 997 meeting abstracts (24.75%), 103 editorial materials (2.56%), and 183 letters (4.54%). Since 1993, the annual publishing volume has gradually increased, with an annual growth rate of 10.14% Figure 13.2From January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2022, 57 countries have contributed to HCC ablation research. The top 10 countries were China, Japan, Italy, the United States, Korea, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada and Egypt Table 2.The articles involved 2,216 institutions, and the top 10 institutions are Sun Yat-sen University, Sungkyunkwan University, Capital Medical University, University of Tokyo, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Fudan University, Seoul National University, University of Hong Kong, National Yang-Ming University, and Taipei Veterans General Hospital Table 3.3.3Hepatology, Journal of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Radiology with publication numbers of 269, 196, 177, and 139, respectively  and large (5.1-9.5 cm) HCCs  HCCs , 20. Livesection . Lencion in 2003 . Researc in 2003 . Irrever in 2003 . Burst kAt present, most HCC management guidelines regard ablation as one of the main methods for treating HCC. In the current American Association of the Study of Liver Disease guideline, locoregional treatment can be considered for patients with cirrhosis and HCC , if they are not candidates for transplantation or resection ; the AsiIn recent years, several bibliometric studies have been conducted. The specific steps of bibliometric research can be divided into four parts: 1. define the purpose and scope of bibliometric research, 2. select the techniques that can be used for bibliometric analysis, 3. collect data for bibliometric analysis, and 4. run bibliometric analysis and report the research results. By analyzing the internal links between scientific knowledge, bibliometric research can help researchers understand knowledge trends in specific fields and become an important reference for researchers to carry out studies. However, this study had the following limitations. 1. The data retrieved in this study were all from the WOS database. Owing to the limitation of retrieval conditions, we could not include all publications in the research field. 2. Owing to language restrictions, Chinese publications were not included, which may have led to an underestimation of the contribution of Chinese researchers. 3. Owing to the continuous development of ablation technology, some new items have not been retrieved, which may have led to the omission of new research directions.5Hepatology is the journal with the most publications while Radiology is the most influential journal. The research direction of ablation treatment of HCC mainly focuses on “therapy,” “resection,” “radiofrequency ablation” and “survival”. The ablation treatment method has gradually changed from PEI to RFA and MWA and IRE may become the main method of ablation therapy in the future. The research focus changed from “complications” and “local recurrence” to “survival”, “efficacy” and “combination”. This analysis provides an accessible list for surgeons, oncologists, and hepatobiliary practitioners, reveals the development process of HCC ablation, and determines potential future research directions.To our knowledge, this is the first bibliometric analysis of HCC ablation. From 1993 to 2022, the number of publications on HCC ablation has gradually increased. China is the country with the most contributions to this field, and Sun Yat-sen University is the institution with the most contributions. The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication.


The US National Institutes of Health defines scientific rigor as “the strict application of the scientific method to ensure robust and unbiased experimental design, methodology, analysis, interpretation and reporting of results” . Scientithe use of formal language, axioms and strict rules of inference in mathematics leads to unquestionable mathematical knowledge”  under an educational institution license provided by FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria.FW: Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing. NS: Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing. FW and NS designed


Incorrect AffiliationIn the published article, there was an error in affiliation 2 and 3. For Affiliation 2, instead of “Food and Nutrition Department, College of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia” it should be “Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia”. For affiliation 3, instead of 3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia” it should be “Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 3. Instead of “[Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China”, it should be “Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-023-38684-2, published online 24 May 2023Correction to: In this article the affiliation details for Xue Li were incorrectly given as ‘Dept of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China’, but should have been ‘Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China’.The original article has been corrected.


Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-023-42251-0, published online 31 October 2023Correction to: Yanliaomyzon occicor. In the Results, the Horizon and locality for Yanliaomyzon occisor incorrectly read “Tiaojishan Formation, Oxfordian, earliest Late Jurassic, ca. 158.58–160 million years ago (Ma)19; Daxishan, Linglongta Town, Jianchang County, Liaoning Province (Holotype), and Nanshimen Village, Gangou Town, Qinglong County, Hebei Province (Paratype), China.” The correct version states ‘Toudaoyingzi Town’ in place of ‘Linglongta Town’. The Methods subsection Fossil Specimens incorrectly read “The specimens of Yanliaomyzon occisor gen. et sp. nov., IVPP V 15830 comes from the Tiaojishan Formation, earliest Late Jurassic, ca. 158.58–160 Ma19 of Daxishan, Linglongta Town, Jianchang County, Liaoning Province, and IVPP V 18956A, B from the corresponding layers of Nanshimen Village, Gangou Town, Qinglong County, Hebei Province, China.” The correct version states ‘Toudaoyingzi Town’ in place of ‘Linglongta Town’. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.The original version of this Article contained errors in the name of the locality of the holotype of Yanliaomyzon occicor. The correct version states ‘Toudaoyingzi Town’ in place of ‘Linglongta Town’. The HTML has been updated to include a corrected version of the Reporting Summary.The original version of the Reporting Summary associated with this Article also incorrectly read ‘Linglongta Town’ for the locality of the holotype of Further information on research design is available in the Nature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article.Updated Reporting Summary


Correction to: European Journal of Nutrition (2023) 62:1217–1229 10.1007/s00394-022-03066-9The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Affiliations 1 and 3 were incorrectly given as1Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy3Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italybut should have been1Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy3Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.


In the original article, there was an error in affiliation 3 as published. Instead of “Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy”, it should be “IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Clinical Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error regarding the affiliations. Instead of “1 The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 2 The China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, China”, it should be “1 The China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, China, 2 The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China”.There was also an error regarding the affiliations for Xiao-sheng Hao. As well as having the affiliation “The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China”, they should also have the affiliation, “The China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, China”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Instead of “Bioethics Department, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia”, it should be “Bioethics Department, Bioethics, Life Sciences Research Group, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia”.In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 2. Instead of “School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Del Rosario University, Bogotá, Colombia”, it should be “School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Medical and Health Sciences Education Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia”.In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 5. Instead of “Department of Bioethics, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia”, it should be “Bioethics Department, Bioethics, Life Sciences Research Group, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia”.In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 7. Instead of “Medical, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia”, it should be “Medical, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia”.In the published article, there was an error in In the published article, there was an error. error in the translation of a sentence: “In this sense, algorithms can be a part of groups of incontrovertible decision-making rules ”.2 AI and the RCT: the conversion of values into data, paragraph 12. This sentence previously stated:A correction has been made to “In this sense, algorithms can be a part of groups of incontrovertible decision-making rules .”The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Affiliation 1. Instead of “Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China”, it should be “Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China”.In the published article, there was an error in The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 1. Instead of “Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China”, it should be “Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliations 4, 5 and 6.5Akasaka Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan, 6Rheumatology Department, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.”Instead of “5Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, 6Akasaka Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.”It should be “4,5, Masuko5,6,” it should be “Szekanecz5, Masuko6.”And, Instead of “SzekaneczIn the published article, there was an error in the Conflict of Interest statement. “YH and ZS were employed by the Osteoarthritis Foundation.” The correct Conflict of Interest statement appears below.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-023-28249-0, published online 26 January 2023Correction to: In the original version of this Article Jolanta Perek‑Białas was incorrectly affiliated with ‘Institute of Religious Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland’. The correct affiliation is listed below.Center for Evaluation and Public Policies Analysis, Institute of Sociology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków Poland and Warsaw School of Economics, Kraków, Poland.The original Article has been corrected.


They now appear as “Higgins Joyce, MD, MSE.” The academic degrees of coauthor Waheeda Samady, MD, MSci, were also incorrectly styled. These errors caused the coauthors’ affiliation with the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, not to appear. This article has been corrected.1In the Original Investigation by Samady et al titled “Recommendations on Complementary Food Introduction Among Pediatric Practitioners,”