Agromyzidae is a dipteran family that has diversified as internal plant feeders. Although most agromyzid species feed on herbaceous angiosperms, only a limited number of species has been recorded as miners of bryophytes. Extensive searches and rearing of bryophytivores in the Japanese Archipelago were made, resulting in that thallus-mining agromyzids are overwhelmingly widespread and diverse on thalloid liverworts and hornworts. By examining the morphology of adult flies, it was revealed that the agromyzid fauna comprise 39 species, of which 37 species are newly described. All the species are assigned to the genus Phytoliriomyza Hendel based on some shared morphological character states as follows: costa reaching M1; orbital setulae minute and erect (rarely proclinate); male epandrium with combs of fused tubercle-like setae and/or hypertrophied arms bearing tubercle-like setae; male distiphallus comprising a pair of stout, extended tubules; female cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla. Of the 39 agromyzid species in Japan, 36 species are associated with liverworts: 5 spp. on Marchantia (Marchantiaceae), 2 spp. on Dumortiera (Dumortieraceae), 3 spp. on Plagiochasma, 1 sp. on Asterella, 6 spp. on Reboulia (Aytoniaceae), 1 sp. on Wiesnerella (Wiesnerellaceae), 15 spp. on Conocephalum , and 3 spp. on Riccia (Ricciaceae). Three species are associated with hornworts: 1 sp. on Folioceros (Anthocerotaceae), 1 sp. on Megaceros (Dendrocerotaceae), and 1 sp. on Notothylas,Phaeoceros (Notothyladaceae), and Anthoceros (Anthocerotaceae). The results suggest that 37 of the 39 species are host-specific at least to plant genus level, and that the inter-specific differences in male genitalia and color patterns of scutum, antenna, and maxillary palpus have contributed to reproductive isolation on the bryophytes that the flies share. Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, have become diverse in the Cenozoic. For some fossil leaf mines during the Late Cretaceous, the insect culprits have been assigned to families, such as the lepidopteran Nepticulidae  consist of three major clades: hornworts, liverworts, and mosses . The brygionidae , b and Aomyzidae .Agromyzidae is the largest clades of leaf mining flies. The larvae of agromyzid flies feed on a wide variety of mostly angiospermous plants, and particularly of herbaceous plants  and hornworts (Anthoceros L.) in the Neotropics  and 17 hornwort species   and kept in incubators with temperature and light conditions maintained similar to their natural habitats. The thalli were prevented from desiccation by modestly spraying with water during incubation. We checked the plastic cases frequently for emergence of adult flies. For each emerged fly specimen, the date of thallus collection (as larva or puparium) and the date of adult emergence are recorded. Additional searches for agromyzid flies walking on thalli were also performed. Emerged and collected flies were pinned with minute pins and freeze-dried in the ice boxes of the refrigerators, dried, or fixed in 99% ethanol.The morphology of adult agromyzid fly specimens was examined under a microscope ; it was photographed by synthesizing virtual images from a sequence of corresponding depth images. The morphological characters that were important to discriminate species were color of antenna, frons, and maxillary palpus; color and pattern of scutum and scutellum; and color of haltere.For observation of genitalia, the abdomens of fly specimens were dipped in 10% KOH for 1 day, then rinsed off with water, and dissected under a binocular microscope. Male and female genitalia of prepared specimens were photographed under a microscope  by synthesizing virtual images from a sequence of corresponding depth images. The genital morphological characters that were important to discriminate species were number and position of tubercle-like setae on male epandrium, along with the shape and sclerotization pattern of hypophallus, mesophallus, and distiphallus.ori) and the superior orbital setae (ors); antenna treated as scape, pedicel, 1st flagellomere, and arista toward tip; and male genitalia treated as epiphallus, phallophorus, basiphallus, hypophallus, paraphallus (if present), mesophallus, and distiphallus. Wing vein terminology follows Terminology follows that outlined in National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (NMNS) and theKyoto University Museum (KUM), respectively. All the specimens were collected in Japan by M. Kato unless otherwise noted.The type specimens (holotypes and paratypes) and other materials are deposited in thePhytoliriomyzadorsata  and Phytoliriomyzaalpicola , the remaining 37 species are new to science. Except for two species only associated, the other 37 species are host-genus specific; all species associated with liverworts are host-genus specific: five on Marchantia, two on Dumortiera, two on Plagiochasma, one on Asterella, six on Reboulia, one on Wiesnerella, 13 on Conocephalum, and three on Riccia ; distiphallus comprising a pair of unfused sclerotized tubules; female tergite 10 trifurcate or cruciform, cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla. These characteristics suggest that all the 39 species belong to the genus Phytoliriomyza.All these flies had the following common morphological characteristics: costa extending to vein MTaxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidaeHendel, 19314ED5243A-A8C6-5E0E-B190-495FA77138D7PhytoliriomyzaLiriomyza]. Type species: Agromyzaperpusilla Meigen 1830: 181, by monotypy.  Hendel, 1931: 203 [as subgenus of XyraeomyiaXyraeomyiaconjuctimontis Frick, 1952: 412. Type species: PteridomyzaAgromyzahilarella Zetterstedt 1848: 2776, by original designation. Agromyzidae 377. Nowakowski, 1962: 97. Type species: LemurimyzaLiriomyzaenormis Spencer, 1965: 26. Type species: NesomyzaNesomyzafusculoides Spencer in Spencer and Stegmaier 1973: 190, by original designation.  Spencer in Spencer and Stegmaier 1973: 190. Type species: Head: Head yellow, frons often with pruinosity. Orbital plates more or less emerge from the plane of frons. Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward and two ors directed up. 1–2(3) pairs of medio-clinate lower orbital setae, two pairs of reclinate upper orbital setae. Orbital setulae proclinate, upright or partly reclinate. Postocellar and ocellar setae well developed. First flagellomere round.Thorax: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals. Acrostichal setulae in two rows, but lacking in some species. Postpronotal, two propleural, presutural, and propleural setae normal or strong. Anepisternum with a long posterior seta and with two or three shorter posterior setae. Katepisternum with one or two long setae. Legs simple, only ventroapical seta on middle tibia present. Costal vein ends at apex of M1. The ratio of ultimate and penultimate sections of M4 various.Abdomen: Male abdomen lacks stridulatory organs.Male genitalia: Epandrium round apically, often with a comb of several fused tubercle-like setae and/or elongated tubercle-like setae on the inner surface; surstylus setigerous and sometimes with one or a few tubercle-like setae. Subepandrial sclerite short but very broad, connecting bases of surstyli through a special sclerite. Hypandrium very long but very thin. Hypophallus membranous often with a pair of parallel sclerites medially. Paraphallus present or absent. Mesophallus cylindrical and well sclerotized. Distiphallus with basal part formed by usually a paired sclerite and an apical part, which terminates in paired tubes or in extremely long less sclerotized tubules. Ejaculatory apodeme variable, but basal part usually broad and blade not too large.Female postabdomen: Tergite 10 trifurcate or cruciform posteriorly. Cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla.Phytoliriomyza. In addition to these characteristics of adult males, we found characteristics of adult females unique to the bryophyte-associated species, in which tergite 10 was trifurcate or cruciform and each cercus bears two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla.The morphological characteristics of the species associated with bryophytes coincided with the characteristics unique to the genus st flagellomere of antenna and maxillary palpus are dark or yellow, and unique to each species. Scutum was yellow or dark, and the yellow scutum often had three pairs of dark longitudinal stripes: medial stripes on anterior 2/3 , intra-alar stripes  and supra-alar stripes  on anterior 4/5. In some species, the intra-alar stripe and the supra-alar stripe are merged together to shape a wide band, and often merged with the medial stripe. The color pattern of scutum is unique to each species at least among the species sharing the same host bryophyte genus. Although some species are very similar in external morphology, they could be clearly distinguished by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb on the male epandrium and other male genital morphological characters.All the species associated with bryophytes are distinguished by color of antenna, color of maxillary palpus, color pattern of scutum and morphology of male genitalia. Colors of 1Phytoliriomyza species can be classified into four groups  based on presumed synapomorphy of the following characteristics: distribution of acrostichal setulae on scutum, morphology of epandrium and distiphallus of male genitalia, and color of legs. By assessing the morphological characteristics of the Phytoliriomyza species , 10-VI-2012 (as larva), emerged on 13–17-VI-2012, NMNS.Japan: 1♂1♀ , Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido  that has a pruinose yellow scutum with one medial and two pairs of gray lateral stripes, black 1Adult male .Fig.  Larvae cQuercuscrispula. The host plants from which this species emerged grow on wet cliffs along roads in a cool temperate forest of Thus far, recorded from Europe, North America, and Japan. The authors recorded only from southern Hokkaido Fig. .P.dorsata by Phytoliriomyza species (P.bornholmensis and P.islandica) were described by P.dorsata by Phytoliriomyza species are diverse, and that the synonymized species may be definite species circumscribed by external and genital morphology. The morphology of the Japanese specimens closely coincided with the description of P.brunofasciata in having two pairs of dark lateral stripes on the scutum, but it is distinguished from P.brunofasciata by the dark-sided scutellum (scutellum wholly yellow in P.brunofasciata) and the number of tubercle-like setae on the surstylus of the male epandrium .This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae2.Katosp. nov.F9AF04D8-2EF2-567E-88D9-828E1A0C131Bhttps://zoobank.org/482483ED-DBE9-4882-BF5A-BB033A32FA6BHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a323), Matsubara-ko, Koumi, Nagano Pref. , 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 17-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31890. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 17-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31891, 31892; 1♀ (MK-AG-a324), Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 28-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31893; 1♀ (MK-AG-a325), Odarumi, Makioka, Yamanashi Pref., 30-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 4-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31894; 1♀ (MK-AG-a326), Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shisuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 9-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31895; 1♀ (MK-AG-a28), Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 27-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2014, NSMT-I-Dip 31896.Japan: 35♂37♀, same data as holotype, emerged on 8–17-V-2021; 9♂5♀, Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26–28-V-2021; 3♂1♀, Horoman-kyo, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26–31-V-2021; 1♂2♀, Odarumi, Makioka, Yamanashi Pref., 27-VI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 15-VII-2021; 1♂1♀, Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 27-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 23–25-V-2021; 22♂20♀, Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shisuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 8–17-VI-2021.st flagellomeres, yellow maxillary palpi, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium with a comb comprising five or six fused long tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Marchantiapolymorpha. A large yellow species (wing length 2.0–2.1 mm) having a pruinose dark gray scutum with a trapezoid yellow patch medially on posterior 1/3, a yellow scutellum, black 1Adult male  refers to the yellow oblong patch on the scutum. The specific name (Kitsunebi-zenigoke-hamoguribae.Marchantiapolymorpha (Marchantiaceae).Larvae construct linear-botch mines in the thallus, particularly in the midrib, and pupate in the mines Fig. .Faguscrenata in Honshu and deciduous oak forests dominated by Quercuscrispula in Hokkaido) and on levees of paddy fields in a cool temperate forest ecosystem . This species resembles P.izayoi,P.chichibuensis and P.caliginosa in the yellow pattern of the scutum and scutellum; it is distinguished from them by the wholly yellow scutellum without dark lateral corners and by the number of tubercle-like setae of the comb on the male epandrium . This species also resembles P.cometiformis and P.luna in having a yellow scutellum; it is distinguished from them by the number of tubercle-like setae of the comb on the male epandrium . This species also resembles P.islandica in the yellow pattern of the scutellum; it is distinguished by the black first flagellomere (brown in P.islandica).This species is distinguished from all other species of Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae3.Katosp. nov.0F458DB6-BFF1-54D7-A1F7-79428A74D083https://zoobank.org/B0DF693B-ABD0-45C9-B129-AB3D75DB681EHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a397), Matsubara-ko, Koumi, Nagano Pref. , 12-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 18-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31897. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 17–22-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31898, 31899; 1♂1♀ , Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shisuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 31-V–2-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31900, 31901; 1♂ (MK-AG-a577), Tokuzo-ji, Yana, Kisarazu, Chiba Pref., 1-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 3-XII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31902.Japan: 1♂1♀, Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 31-V–2-VI-2021; 1♂, Tokuzo-ji, Yana, Kisarazu, Chiba Pref., I-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 3-XII-2021.st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and dark legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb of four unfused tubercle-like setae, and inner-laterally with a comb of three or four fused, long, tubercle-like setae; surstylus bilobed and hypertrophied dorsal arm with one tubercle-like seta. Larva mines the thallus of Marchantiapolymorpha. A medium-sized species (wing length 1.6–1.7 mm) having pruinose dark gray scutum, light yellow scutellum, black 1Adult male .Larvae mine the thallus of the host plant and pupate in the mines. The mines are not apparent from the outside.The host plants from which this species emerged, grow on mesic soils on levee of paddy fields and along roads in natural beech forests Fig. . Our reaJapan: Honshu Fig. .P.alpicola in color pattern of the scutum ; it is distinguished from the latter by the yellow pedicel and scape of the antenna , yellow maxillary palpus , and number and arrangement of tubercle-like setae in a comb on the male epandrium . This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae4.Katosp. nov.190EAA65-1A70-51A2-B2CE-ABEBB1717315https://zoobank.org/FD0892D0-011B-4A1A-A1FE-F1ECC92FF89EHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a320), Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido , 2-VI-2021 , emerged on 17-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31903. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 18-VI–3-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31904–31906; 1♂ (MK-AG-a322), Renge-onsen, Itoigawa, Niigata Pref., 11-VII-2021 , emerged on 5-VIII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31907; 1♂ (MK-AG-a321), Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref., 27-III-2021 , emerged on 27-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31908; 1♀ (MK-AG-302), Umegashima, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 5-I-2014 (as larva on M.p.diptera), emerged on ?-V-2014, NSMT-I-Dip 31909; 1♂ (MK-AG-a356), Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 20-III-2000 (as larva on M.p.diptera), emerged on 17-IV-2000, NSMT-I-Dip 31910; 1♂ (MK-AG-a355), Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 11-VI-2021 (as larva on M.polymorpha), emerged on 21-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31911; 1♂ (MK-AG-a358), Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva on M.papillatagrossibarba), emerged on 3-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31912.Marchantiapaleaceapaleacea: 22♂16♀, Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido, 2-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 9-VI–7-VII-2021; 38♂44♀, Renge-onsen, Itoigawa, Niigata Pref., I-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 29-VII–9-VIII-2021; 2♂1♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30–31-V-2021; 2♂4♀, Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV-2010; 2♂1♀, Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref., 27-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 27-IV–21-V-2021; 5♂5♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 25-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-V–1-VI-2021. Japan: On Marchantiapaleaceadiptera: 2♂3♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 17–27-VI-2021; 1♂5♀, Abe-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 30-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV–8-V-2014; 3♂5♀, Kuchisakamoto, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1–26-VI-2021; 6♂8♀, Tsudono, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 30-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV–6-V-2014; 2♂4♀, Tosayama, Kochi, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 23–28-IV-2011; 1♂3♀, Mt. Nabejiri, Taga, Shiga Pref., 4-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 27-V–15-VI-2021; 6♂3♀, Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2–10-VII-2021; 2♂3♀, Iya-kei, Ikeda, Miyoshi, Tokushima Pref., 1-II-2014 (as larva), emerged on 4–4-V-2014; 2♂5♀, Okujisso, Isa, Kagoshima Pref., 17-XII-2017 (as larva), emerged on 22–30-III-2012.On Marchantiapolymorpha: 1♀, Matsubara-ko, Koumi, Nagano Pref., 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 18-VI-2021; 7♂2♀, Odarumi, Makioka, Yamanashi Pref., 30-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 28-VII–4-VII-2021; 5♂15♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 31-XII-2013 (as larva), emerged on ?-V-2013.On Marchantiapapillatagrossibarba: 2♂1♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 18-VII-2021; 3♂5♀, Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2–10-VII-2021; 2♂1♀, Seikandoro, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref., 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 27-VII–4-VIII-2021; 1♀, Nagabuchi, Ume, Saeki, Oita Pref., 29-XI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-2011.On st flagellomere, black maxillary palpus, gray halteres, and brown legs. Male epandrium with a comb comprising seven or eight fused long tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Marchantia spp. A medium-sized species (wing length 1.6–1.8 mm) having dark gray scutum, dark-cornered yellow scutellum, black 1Adult male .Marchantia. The specific name refers to host plant genus, Uzumibi-zenigoke-hamoguribae.Marchantiapaleaceapaleacea and M.p.diptera (Marchantiaceae), with M.polymorpha and M.papillatagrossibarba also recorded as host in some localities. The main host plants are Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus, particularly in the midrib, and pupate in the mined thalli Fig. .Marchantiapaleaceapaleacea grows on rocky substrates of cliffs, slopes and riverbanks in cool temperate deciduous forests , from P.lanternaria and P.conocephali by the number of tubercle-like setae on the surstylus of the male epandrium . This species resembles Phytoliriomyzamiki  in color pattern of the scutum and morphology of the male genitalia; it is distinguished from the latter by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb on the male epandrium .This species also resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae5.Katosp. nov.2120AFBE-6347-50BE-B76E-25D25A4D841Bhttps://zoobank.org/B7A9AD45-5940-4EF5-AF24-D768250DC41AHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a413), Mt. Mihara, Hachijo Is. Tokyo Pref. , 17-II-2012 (as larva on Marchantiaemarginatacuneiloba), emerged on 23-IV-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 31913. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-323), same data as holotype, NSMT-I-Dip 31914; 1♀ (MK-AG-a379), Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva on M.papillatagrossibarba), emerged on 9-VI-2021, NMNS; 1♀ (MK-AG-a383), Tsudono, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva on M.papillatagrossibarba), emerged on 10-V-2014, NSMT-I-Dip 31916; 1♂1♀ , Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 11-IV-2021 (as larva on M.papillatagrossibarba), emerged on 21–22-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31917, 31918; 1♀ (MK-AG-344), Jizodo, Mariya, Kisarazu, Chiba Pref., 17-III-2016 (as larva on M.pinnata), emerged on 27-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31919.Marchantiapapillatagrossibarba: 9♂9♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11-VI–2-VII-2021; 3♂3♀, Tsudono, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 30-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 29-VII–9-VIII-2021; 6♂6♀, Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1–16-VI-2021; 2♂, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 27-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 9-XII-2017; 5♂1♀, Nagabuchi, Ume, Saeki, Oita Pref., 29-XI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 1–5-V-2011; 1♂9♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 11-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 16–25-V-2021. Japan: On Marchantiaemarginatacuneiloba: 2♀, Takae, Higashi-son, Kunigami, Okinawa Pref., 11-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22–28-XI-2021; 2♂2♀, Nagura, Ishigaki Is., Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 7-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 13-XI–16-XII-2021.On Marchantiapinnata: 1♀, Jizodo, Mariya, Kisarazu, Chiba Pref., 17-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 27-IV-2016.On st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and brownish legs. Male epandrium with a comb comprising seven fused tubercle-like setae, and surstylus with a comb comprising three fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Marchantiaemarginatacuneiloba,M.papillatagrossibarba and M.pinnata. A small black species (wing length 1.3–1.6 mm) having subshiny black scutum with an oval yellow pattern extending from mid-posterior margin to scutellum, black 1Adult male  Goldblatt & Mabb.), to which morphology of adult fly’s scutum of this species is likened. The specific name Nubatama-tosazenigoke-hamoguribae.Marchantiaemarginatacuneiloba,M.papillatagrossibarba and M.pinnata (Marchantiaceae).Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus, and pupate in the midrib of the mined thalli Fig. .Marchantiapapillatagrossibarba grew on rocky substrate . This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae6.Katosp. nov.214844B5-23DF-5237-817C-A2B70B855E77https://zoobank.org/68B05020-D8FD-46E0-87FB-2FEBBF2B9A68Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-246), Higashinakama, Sumiyo, Amami, Kagoshima Pref. , 21-II-2015 (as larva on Dumortierahirsuta), emerged on 1-IV-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 31920. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 30-III–7-IV-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 31921–31923; 1♀ (MK-AG-267), Abe-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 1-V-2015 (as larva), emerged on 18-V-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 31924; 1♀ (MK-AG-241), Narutaki, Ichiu, Tsurugi, Tokushima Pref., 12-VI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 21-VI-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31926; 1♀ (MK-AG-282), Isso, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 29-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31927; 1♀ (MK-AG-250), Nagakumo-toge, Tatsugo, Oshima, Kagoshima Pref., 23-II-2016 (as larva), emerged on 25-III-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 31928.Japan: 5♂4♀, Abe-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 5-I-2015 (as larva), emerged on 18-V-2016; 2♂3♀, Tango-kanzaki, Maizuru, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30-V–5-VI-2021; 1♂1♀, Tategasaki, Kumano, Mie Pref., 23-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11-V-2021; 3♀, Gakuen-ji, Bessho, Izumo, Shimane Pref., 31-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 9-V-2015; 3♂1♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11–20-V-2021; 3♂4♀, Narutaki, Ichiu, Tsurugi, Tokushima Pref., 12-VI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 17–21-VI-2017; 1♀, Tashiro, Kinko, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 22-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2015; 1♂1♀, Isso, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 11-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 617–19-IV-2016; 11♂14♀, Higashinakama, Sumiyo, Amami, Kagoshima Pref., 21-II-2015 (as larva), emerged on 30-III–8-IV-2015.st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and dark gray legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with an incomplete comb comprising three short, fused, tubercle-like setae medially. Larva mines the thallus of Dumortierahirsuta.A large dark species (wing length 1.9–2.2 mm) having subshiny dark brown scutum, brownish yellow scutellum, black 1Adult male .Fig.  Larvae cThe main habitats of this species are along streams in warm temperate evergreen forests Fig. . Our reaJapan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yaku Island and Amami-oshima Island Fig. .P.wiesnerellae in coloration of head, thorax, abdomen, and legs; it is distinguished from the latter by the pleuron with the lower half darkened . The great morphological difference in male genitalia suggests that these two species are not closely related. This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae7.Katosp. nov.FC660752-E10E-56E9-A013-4CA0D9B34DC2https://zoobank.org/421AB9E5-4908-450E-8960-79A097FA8EBAHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a29), Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref. , 17-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 17-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31929. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a457), type locality, 19-V-2021 (as larva), on 1-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31930; 1♂1 ♀ , Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 17-II-2002 (as larva), emerged on 17–23-IV-2002, NSMT-I-Dip 31931, 31932; 1♂ (MK-AG-a309), Mitake, Kamitsushima, Nagasaki Pref., 19-IV-2009 (as larva), emerged on 6-VI-2009, NSMT-I-Dip 31933.Japan: 1♀, Sanekawa-keikoku, Iide, Aga, Higashikanbara, Niigata Pref., 3-V-2015 (as larva), emerged on 12-VI -2015; 1♀, Mt. Kiyosumi, Kamogawa, Chiba Pref., 24-I-2012 (as larva), emerged on 25-V–5-VI-2012; 17♂32♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 17-II-2002 (as larva), emerged on 23-IV–5-VI-2021; 1♂, Shogawa-kyo, Tonami, Toyama Pref., 3-V-2016 (as larva), emerged on 9-VI -2016; 1♀, Takeda-gawa, Maruoka, Sakai, Fukui Pref., 6-IV-2002 (as larva), emerged on 13-VI-2019; 2♂2♀, Mt. Nabejiri, Taga, Shiga Pref., 23-V-2015 (as larva), emerged on 26–15-VI-2015; 1♂1♀, Boumura, Kazuragawa, Otsu, Shiga Pref., 7-IV-2002 (as larva), emerged on 24-V-2002; 1♂1♀, Mitake, Kamitsushima, Nagasaki Pref., 9-IV-2009 (as larva), emerged on 6-VI-2009.st flagellomere, brown maxillary palpus, brown halteres, and brownish yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a comb comprising five long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Dumortierahirsuta. A medium-sized species (wing length 1.4–1.8 mm) having subshiny brown scutum with brownish yellow pattern extending from mid-posterior margin to scutellum, black 1Adult male  refers to the brownish yellow patch on the scutum.The specific name (Yuuzuki-kezenigoke-hamoguribae.Dumortierahirsuta (Dumortieraceae).Fig.  Larvae mP.dumortierae in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. The main habitats of this species are along streams in warm temperate forests and cool temperate deciduous forests Fig. , and thiJapan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima Island Fig. .P.dumortierae, these two species were not sympatric in any localities. This species resembles P.arcus,P.plagiochasmatos and P.falcata in having a pair of brown lateral bands on the scutum; it is distinguished from them by the brownish yellow color of the medial mark on scutum (light yellow in the other species). Although this species used the same host plant as Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae8.Katosp. nov.4C17E118-26BD-51A0-A447-FB381DE23DF4https://zoobank.org/89D711DD-A5C8-4A52-8266-23A5C33BCD92Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a411), Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref. , 15-III-2016 (as larva on P.pterospermum), emerged on 28-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31934. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 4–5-V-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31935, 31937; 1♀ (MK-AG-191), Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 5-V-2012 (as larva on P.pterospermum), emerged on 13-V-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 31936; 1♀ (MK-AG-a316), Mt. Myogi, Tomioka, Gunma Pref., 10-V-2021 (as larva on P.pterospermum), emerged on 16-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31938; 1♀ (MK-AG-189), Todai-shiraiwa, Ina, Nagano Pref., 30-IV-2011 (as larva on P.pterospermum), emerged on 28-V-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31939.Plagiochasmapterospermum: 4♂4♀, Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 5-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 27–28-V-2012; 9♂9♀, Mt. Myogi, Tomioka, Gunma Pref., 10-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 14–21-V-2021; 10♂12♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15–25-V-2021; 2♂5♀, Mt. Kano, Kanna, Tano, Gunma Pref., 28-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 4-V-2015; 2♂1♀, Mt. Futago, Ogano, Chichibu-gun, Saitama Pref., 10-IX-2017 (as larva), emerged on 20-X–12-XI-2017; 1♂3♀, Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 16-X-2012 (as larva), emerged on 5-V-2012; 9♂11♀, Todai-shiraiwa, Ina, Nagano Pref., 12-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1–13-VI-2021. Japan: On Plagiochasmaappendiculatum: 5♂4♀, Mt. Myogi, Tomioka, Gunma Pref., 10-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15–29-V-2021.On st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-subdistally with hypertrophied, elongated, strongly curved arm bearing a dark tubercle-like seta. Larva mines the thallus of Plagiochasmapterospermum and P.appendiculatum. A small species (wing length 1.3–1.6 mm) having subshiny brown scutum with yellow pattern extending from mid-posterior margin to scutellum, yellow 1Adult male  refers to the bow-shaped tubercle-like seta on the male epandrium.The specific name (Yumihari-tsubozenigoke-hamoguribae.Plagiochasmapterospermum and P.appendiculatum (Aytoniaceae).Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus and pupate in the mines Fig. .The habitats of this species are limestone outcrops in temperate deciduous forests, where the host liverworts grow Fig. . Our reaJapan: Honshu Fig. . RecordeP.plagiochasmatos and P.falcata in having a pair of brown lateral bands and a light yellow mark on scutum; it is distinguished from them by the dark haltere (yellow in these species) and by the morphology of the tubercle-like seta on subdistal margin of the male epandrium . This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae9.Katosp. nov.8B297B08-1B72-5A07-A3AA-B87620677330https://zoobank.org/7802A55A-6207-4BEA-AC06-B6E83CE97698Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a526), Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref. , 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31940. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 19–25-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31941, 31942.Asterellacruciata), emerged on 24–27-IV-2015. Japan: 1♂3♀, same data as holotype, emerged on 19–25-V-2021; 3♀, Ozasu, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 28-XI-2014  having subshiny brown scutum with an oval yellow pattern extending from mid-posterior margin to scutellum, yellow 1Adult male  and Asterellacruciata (Asterellaceae).Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus and pupate in the mines Fig. .P.arcus in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. The habitats of this species are outcrops of lime stones in temperate deciduous forests, where the host liverworts grow Fig. , and thiJapan: Honshu Fig. . RecordeP.arcus,P.falcata and P.aratriformis in having a pair of brown lateral bands and a pale yellow mark on the scutum; it is distinguished from P.arcus by the yellow halteres (dark in P.arcus), and from the last three species by the absence of seta on the surstylus of the male epandrium . This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae10.Katosp. nov.F314FCA4-05C8-5746-9E14-44F23EF714F3https://zoobank.org/B8B5E03D-C972-451F-8AD4-ED1237A9ABD2Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a265), Todai-shiraiwa, Ina, Nagano Pref. , 30-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 24-V-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31943. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a459), same data as holotype emerged on 2-VI-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31944; 1♀ (MK-AG-a222), Ozasu, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 10-IX-2017 (as larva), emerged on 13-X-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31945.Japan: 1♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1-VI-2021; 1♀1♂, Ozasu, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 10-IX-2017 (as larva), emerged on 9–13-X-2017; 1♀, Irisawai, Oshika, Nagano Pref., 29-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2011.st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-subdistally with a hypertrophied arm which bears an enlarged tubercle-like seta; inner-basally with a hypertrophied arm which bears a comb comprising five or six fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Plagiochasmapterospermum. A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.6–1.7 mm) having subshiny yellow scutum with two pairs of lateral stripes, yellow 1Adult male  refers to the fact that this species is associated with the host liverwort growing only on limestone.The specific name (Kurosuji-tsubozenigoke-hamoguribae.Plagiochasmapterospermum (Aytoniaceae).Larvae construct radiate mines in the thallus and pupate in the mines Fig. .P.arcus or P.plagiochasmatos in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. The habitats of this species are limestone outcrops in temperate deciduous forests, where the host liverworts grow Fig. . This spJapan: Honshu Fig. . RecordeP.nigroflava and P.brunofasciata in having two pairs of dark stripes on dorsal scutum; it is distinguished from them by the dark haltere . This species has several unique characteristics in male genitalia: a flattened stout tubercle-like seta on distal margin of epandrium; a comb of tubercle-like setae borne on enlarged projection of inner surface of epandrium; thin, bare surstylus; short distiphallus unpigmented at basal half. The unique characteristics suggest distant relation of this species from other liverwort-associated species. This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae11.Katosp. nov.7C29E49E-CD8D-5E1E-8DF8-87380F61E994https://zoobank.org/FDCB8114-D244-48A4-A86F-D4A04D22AC21Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-161), Yutsun, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref. , 25-I-2011 (as larva), emerged on 23-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31949. Paratypes: Japan: 2♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 2–10-III-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31950, 31951; 1♂1♀ , type locality, 18-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 16–21-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31952, 31953.Japan: 1♀, Yutsun, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 8-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 17-XI-2021.st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and yellow legs. Scutum lacks acrostichal setulae. Male epandrium lacks tubercle-like seta; distiphallus of male genitalia tapering apically. Larva mines the thallus of Asterellaliukiuensis. A small species (wing length 1.4–1.7 mm) having pruinose gray scutum and scutellum, brown 1Adult male .Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupating there Fig. .The habitats of this species are rocky stream banks in subtropical evergreen forests Fig. .Japan (Honshu). Recorded only from Iriomote Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago Fig. .P.ugetsu,P.ricciae and P.phaeocerotis in having a wholly dark scutum and yellow maxillary palpus; it is distinguished from P.ugetsu by its small size , and from P.ricciae and P.phaeocerotis by the dark brown legs . This species resembles Asterella species are distributed in limited areas in central Honshu and Okinawa and Yaeyama Islands, and almost all of them are endangered , Ashizuri-misaki, Tosashimizu, Kochi Pref. , 26-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 1-IV-2011 NSMT-I-Dip 31954. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 30-III-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31955, 31955; 1♀ (MK-AG-a461), Hachijo Is., Tokyo Pref., 24-IV-2001 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-2001, NSMT-I-Dip 31957; 1♂ (MK-AG-411), Sagiura, Taisha, Izumo, Shimane Pref., 31-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 31958.Japan: 6♂7♀, Izu-oshima Is. Tokyo Pref., 22-III-2009 (as larva), emerged on 15–20-IV-2009; 2♀, Yugashima, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 12–14-IV-2012; 4♂8♀, Sinjo, Mihama, Mikata, Fukui Pref., 11-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 18–23-IV-2012; 3♂2♀, Shimaji-gawa, Ujitachi, Ise, Mie Pref., 3-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 22-IV–2-V-2010; 2♂1♀, Urashima-jinja, Honjo-hama, Ine, Kyoto Pref., 31-VII-2011 (as larva), emerged on 22-III-2011; 2♂5♀, Ukawa, Tango, Kyotango, Kyoto Pref., 5-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2–8-IV-2021; 1♀, Sannoko, Kawakami, Higashi-yoshino, Nara Pref., 26-II-2016 (as larva), emerged on 11-IV-2016; 1♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 11-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-2011.st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a hand-like comb comprising A large yellow species (wing length 2.0–2.2 mm) having a pruinose dark gray scutum with an oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a black 1Rebouliahemisphaericaorientalis.Four or five basally fused, long, tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Adult male  refers to the oblong trail-leaving yellow pattern against the black background on the scutum, which resembles a comet. The specific name .Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in the mines Fig. .The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests Fig. . Our reaJapan .P.igniculus and P.luna in having a pair of black lateral band on scutum and wholly yellow scutellum; it is distinguished from them by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of male epandrium . The morphology of male epandrium of this species closely resembles that of “P.dorsata” in  This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae13.Katosp. nov.D5DF54F5-8F4C-5FE9-8616-EA534725D28Dhttps://zoobank.org/2C7BEF3A-1E11-471A-9002-8DF42A7F0D91Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a347), Ukawa, Tango, Kyotango, Kyoto Pref. , 5-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 9-IV-2021 NSMT-I-Dip 31959. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a462), same data as holotype, NSMT-I-Dip 31960; 2♀ , Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 24-VI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 12-VII-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31961, 31961; 1♂ (MK-AG-478), Ryutosen, Higashi-sonogi, Nagasaki Pref., 30-IV-2017 (as larva), emerged on 31-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31963; 1♀ (MK-AG-473), Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 20-VI-2016 (as larva), emerged on 5-VII-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31964; 1♂1♀ , Han-yama, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 29-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31965, 31966; 1♀ (MK-AG-a204), Tachijami, Kume Is. Okinawa Pref., 20-III-2020 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 31967.Japan: 5♂3♀, Takasuka, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11–15-XII-2021; 1♀, Kuchisakamoto, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 20-IX-1998 (as larva), emerged on 18–23-IX-1998; 1♀, Mt. Gozaisho, Komono, Mie Pref., 1-V-2001 (as larva), emerged on 25-V-2001; 3♂6♀, Ukawa, Tango, Kyotango, Kyoto Pref., 5-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2–8-IV-2021; 16♂10♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 24-VI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 12-VII-2011; 16♂25♀, Wadagawa-kyo, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref., 7-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 17-VII–8-VIII-2021; 1♂1♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 23-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2–6-V-2021; 6♂8♀, Ryugakyo, Yamashiro, Miyoshi, Tokushima Pref., 1-II-2014 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV–3-V-2014; 1♂1♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26–29-IV-2021; 3♂4♀, Sui, Anan, Tokushima Pref., 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 14–17-IV-2021; 1♂2♀, Kurase-keikoku, Tanbara, Saijo, Ehime Pref., 2-II-2014 (as larva), emerged on 20–26-IV-2014; 1♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 17-IV-2011; 1♂, Kinsakubaru, Amami, Kagoshima Pref., 4-VII-1999 (as larva), emerged on 25-VII-1999; 5♂11♀, Tachijami, Kume Is. Okinawa Pref., 20-III-2020 (as larva), emerged on 15-IV–8-V-2020.st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a hand-like comb comprising four or five basally fused, long, tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Rebouliahemisphaericaorientalis. A medium-sized species (wing length 1.5–1.9 mm) having subshiny yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of lateral dark stripes; inner stripes with silvery reflection. Adults with yellow 1Adult male  refers to silver stripes on the scutum, which are obvious in sunlight. The specific name .Larvae construct digitate mines in the thallus, and pupate in the mine Fig. .The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests Fig. , and on Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Yaku Island, Amami-Oshima Island, Kume Island Fig. P.dorsata,P.calcicola, P.longifurcae,P.nigroflava, and P.brunofasciata in having two pair of dark lateral bands on the scutum; it is distinguished from them by the silverly reflecting inner stripes (inner stripes black or gray in the other species), and by the extended, distorted tubercle-like seta on the subdistal margin of the male epandrium. This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae14.Katosp. nov.37EBF15E-01AC-5AB8-A65F-13945BB01B43https://zoobank.org/14E86C9E-CAD6-494B-8E6A-21801A53D403Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a500), Sui, Anan, Tokushima Pref. , 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 14-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31968. Paratypes: Japan: 3♀ (MK-AG-a497–499), same data as holotype, emerged on 14–17-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31969–31971.Japan: 4♂3♀, Kamihirayama, Tatsuyama, Tenryu, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 18–28-IV-2011; 1♂1♀, Chiromo, Toyotama, Tsushima, Nagasaki Pref., 28-XI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2011; 2♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 20-VI-2016 (as larva), emerged on 14-VII-2021.st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb comprising six fused long tubercle-like setae, and inner-subdistally with an extremely elongated arm, which apically bears two dark, diverging, ventrally curved, tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Rebouliahemisphaericaorientalis. A medium-sized species (wing length 1.5–1.6 mm) having a subshiny yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of lateral black stripes, yellow 1Adult male  refers to extremely elongated, apically biforked tubercle-like seta on the male epandrium. The specific name .Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in the mines Fig. .P.argentifasciata, and sympatric with the latter in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring.The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests Fig. . This spJapan: Honshu, Shikoku Fig. .P.argentifasciata and P.nigroflava in having two pair of dark lateral bands on the scutum, and a yellow 1st flagellomere and yellow haltere; it is distinguished from P.argentifasciata by the black lateral stripes (inner bands reflecting silverly in sunlight in P.argentifasciata), from P.nigroflava by the absence of an extremely extended, forked tubercle-like seta on the subdistal margin of the male epandrium. This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae15.Katosp. nov.D32F57BD-A41F-5A6D-9691-5338F8693DCChttps://zoobank.org/C62852AE-213D-4143-AB0A-E8472CFFD2ACHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a19), Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref. , 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 23-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31972. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 28–23-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31973–31975; 1♀ (MK-AG-a376), Ukawa, Tango, Kyotango, Kyoto Pref., 5-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 12-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31976; 1♂ (MK-AG-a287), Seya-gawa, Miyazu, Kyoto Pref., 18-IV-2013 (as larva), emerged on 25-IV-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 31977; 1♂ (MK-AG-803), Ryugakyo, Yamashiro, Miyoshi, Tokushima Pref., 1-II-2014 (as larva), emerged on 25-IV-2014, NSMT-I-Dip 31978; 1♀ (MK-AG-444), Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31979; 1♀ (MK-AG-795), Chiromo, Toyotama, Tsushima, Nagasaki Pref., 11-XI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 31980.Japan: 17♂22♀, Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 14-IV-2011; 6♂11♀, Oochi-gawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 13-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 25–28-IV-2011; 1♂2♀, Ukawa, Tango, Kyotango, Kyoto Pref., 5-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 9–17-IV-2021; 1♀, Doro-kyo, Totsugawa-mura, Nara Pref., 29-III-2019 (as larva), emerged on 3-IV-2019; 1♂4♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 23–30-IV-2021; 2♂1♀, Kurase-keikoku, Tanbara, Saijo, Ehime Pref., 2-II-2014 (as larva), emerged on 20–26-IV-2014.st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long hypertrophied arm which apically bears a dark, long, apically flattened, obliquely truncated tubercle-like seta. Larva mines the thallus of Rebouliahemisphaericaorientalis. A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.6–2.0 mm) having subshiny brown scutum with an oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a yellow 1Adult male  refers to the sickle-shaped tubercle-like seta on the male epandrium. The specific name .Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in the mines Fig. .P.argentifasciata in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that it is bivoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests. This species is sympatric with Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Tsushima Island Fig. .P.arcus,P.plagiochasmatos and P.aratriformis in having a pair of brown lateral bands and pale yellow mark on the scutum; it is distinguished from them by the absence of an extremely extended, forked tubercle-like seta on the subdistal margin of the male epandrium. This species is sympatric with P.aratriformis on Reboulia, and can be distinguished from the latter by the yellow mark on the scutum; the mark is large and well defined by lateral stripes in P.falcata but small and obscure in P.aratriformis. This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae16.Katosp. nov.2D18C313-2414-512B-A143-FA846ACA70A6https://zoobank.org/1693ABD7-C052-499D-93FA-301179B2D102Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a311), Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref. , 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 23-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31981. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a463), type locality, 11-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on ?-IV-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31982; 1♀ (MK-AG-427), Nakatsugawa-keikoku, Chichibu, Kyoto Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 4-V-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31983; 1♀ (MK-AG-a17), Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 14-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31984; 1♂ (MK-AG-a346), Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2010 (as larva), emerged on 20-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31985.Japan: 1♂, Ryugakyo, Yamashiro, Miyoshi, Tokushima Pref., 21-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-2014.st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long hypertrophied, ventrally curved arm that apically bears a dark, apically bifid tubercle-like seta. Larva mines the thallus of Rebouliahemisphaericaorientalis. A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.9–2.3 mm) having a subshiny brown scutum with an obscure oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a yellow 1Adult male  refers to the plow-shaped tubercle-like seta on the male epandrium. The specific name .Larva constructs linear mine in the thallus, and pupate in the mine Fig. .P.argentifasciata and P.falcata in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that it is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests Fig. . This spJapan: Honshu, Shikoku, Tsushima Island Fig. .P.arcus,P.plagiochasmatos and P.falcata in having a pair of brown lateral bands and a pale yellow mark on the scutum, but is distinguished from all of these species by the small, ill-defined yellow mark on the scutum (the mark larger and well-defined in the other species), and by the presence of a stout, curved, plow-shaped tubercle-like seta on the subdistal margin of the male epandrium. This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae17.Katosp. nov.766D267E-5952-554F-97C3-B7CE1DFCF28Chttps://zoobank.org/F4792E8-9C4F-4423-87D2-F6BD92E9DB52Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a423), Wadagawa-kyo, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref. , 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-VIII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31986. Paratypes: Japan: 2♂1♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 24–30-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31987–31989; 1♂ (MK-AG-467), Uri-toge, Mikkabi, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 15-VI-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31990; 1♂ (MK-AG-a422), Sannoko, Kawakami, Higashi-yoshino, Nara Pref., 26-II-2016 (as larva), emerged on 23-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31991.Japan: 1♀, Izu-oshima Is. Tokyo Pref., 22-III-2009 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-2009; 2♀, Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref., 12-III-2018 (as larva), emerged on ?-IV-2018; 2♂6♀, Sannoko, Kawakami, Higashi-yoshino, Nara Pref., 26-II-2016 (as larva), emerged on 18–27-IV-2016; 19♂13♀, WD, 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 24-VII–6-VIII-2021; 2♂, Yajiemon-jinja, Sakurae, Gotsu, Shimane Pref., 24-VI-2012 (as larva), emerged on 19-VII–23-VIII-2012; 2♂2♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 11-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2016; 1♂3♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 18-IV-2011; 1♂3♀, YSI, 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 18-IV-2011; 1♀, Shiibaru, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-2015; 1♀, Okujisso, Isa, Kagoshima Pref., 17-XII-2012 (as larva), emerged on 12-IV-2013; 2♂1♀, Sumiyo, Amami, Kagoshima Pref., 17-II-1999 (as larva), emerged on 25–28-II-1999.st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, gray halteres, and brown legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb comprising seven long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Rebouliahemisphaericaorientalis. A small dark species (wing length 1.3–1.7 mm) having pruinose dark gray scutum with a small oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a black 1Adult male .Larvae at first construct linear mines in the thallus at first, then enter the midrib, and pupate in the mine Fig. .P.argentifasciata in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is bivoltine, with adults emerging in spring and summer. The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests Fig. . It is sJapan: Honshu, Shikoku, Tsushima Island Fig. P.marchantiae,P.lanternaria, and P.conocephali in having a narrow yellow posterior margin of the scutum and a medial yellow stripe on the scutellum; it is distinguished from P.marchantiae by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium  and by a tubercle-like seta at posterior end of inner margin (absent in P.marchantiae), and from P.lanternaria and P.conocephali by the number of tubercle-like setae on the surstylus of the male epandrium . This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae18.Katosp. nov.91A3EB1C-0EEA-520A-BF24-2E5D235EE9E8https://zoobank.org/0F0C5717-47CB-4BB4-8D7B-CB92FAA79F29Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a400), Sendan-todoro, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 10-IV-2021 (as larva on Wiesnerelladenudata), emerged on 8-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31992. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a342), same data as holotype, NSMT-I-Dip 31993; 2♂1♀ , Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 10-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2–13-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31994–31996.32.5215°N, 130.888517°E, 710 m asl), 10-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 8–10-V-2021; 1♂, Itsuki, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-2015; 2♂5♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 10-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2–14-V-2021.Japan: 1♂1♀, Sendan-todoro, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref.  having subshiny dark gray scutum, yellow scutellum, black 1Adult male .Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later expanding their mines, and pupate in the mines Fig. . It is dThe habitats of this species are mesic slopes in warm temperate evergreen forests. Our rearing records suggest that it is univoltine, with adults emerging from overwintered pupae in spring.Japan: Kyushu Fig. .P.dumortierae in coloration of the head, thorax, abdomen, and legs, but is distinguished from the latter by the largely yellowish pleuron . The anteroposteriorly flattened head and the absence of a comb of tubercle-like setae in the male epandrium of this species suggest that this is not closely related the other liverwort-associated species.This species is superficially very similar to Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae19.Katosp. nov.5C4DC810-1BD8-50B2-ACDA-588EEB5E8911https://zoobank.org/F82867E-1994-4F2E-B904-1A3F4852F4CFHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a401), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref. , 10-XII-2016 , emerged on 8-IV-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31997. Paratypes: Japan: 1 ♀ (MK-AG-512), same data as holotype; emerged on 8-IV-2017 NSMT-I-Dip 31998; 1♂ (MK-AG-a245), Horoka, Kamishihoro, Hokkaido, 7-VI-2010 (as larva on C.purpureorubrum), emerged on 21-VI-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 31999; 1♂ (MK-AG-493), Aizankei, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 4-X-2011 , emerged on 11-V-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32000; 1♀ (MK-AG-591), Yachi, Kawaba, Gunma Pref., 14-IV-2012 (as larva on C.purpureorubrum), emerged on 4-V-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32001; 1♀ (MK-AG-a362), Mt. Kiyosumi, Kamogawa, Chiba Pref.2, 31-III-2021 , emerged on 23-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32002.Conocephalumsalebrosum: 3♂3♀, Aizankei, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 10-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 6–11-VI-2011; 2♀, Mt. Upepesanke, Shihoro, Kamishihoro, Hokkaido, 7-VI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 15–18-VI-2010; 1♂1♀, Horoka, Kamishihoro, Hokkaido, 7-VI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 21–26-VI-2010; ; 1♂, Tanneso, Rubeshibetsu, Hiroo, Hokkaido, 2-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-2012; 4♂10♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva), emerged on 26-III–11-IV-2016; 1♀, Nakabusa-onsen, Azumino, Nagano Pref., 9-VI-2013 (as larva), emerged on 29-IV-2013; 1♂2♀, Shirahone-onsen, Matsumoto, Nagano Pref., 15-X-2013 (as larva), emerged on 18–25-IV-2013. Japan: On Conocephalumpurpureorubrum: 1♂1♀, Yachi, Kawaba, Gunma Pref., 15-X-2013 (as larva), emerged on 4–10-IV-2014; 1♂2♀, Haccho-toge, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 27-III–16-IV-2010.On st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-distally with a long tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb consisting of 7–9 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumsalebrosum and C.purpureorubrum. A large yellow species (wing length 2.7–2.9 mm) having pruinose yellow scutum with a medial and a pair of dark brown lateral stripes, entirely yellow scutellum, black 1Adult male  on anterior 7/8, which is confluent with the presutural patches .Fig.  Larvae cAbies spp., Picea spp., and Betula spp.  coincide with those of Lemurimyza described by Lemurimyza species , P.admirabilis , P.dorsata, and P.pectoralis ) by the following characteristics: halteres yellow; maxillary palpus yellow; 1st flagellomere black; scutum with one pair of dark lateral bands. The characteristics of this species and the following three related species ; scutellum entirely yellow ; male epandrium with a comb of 7–9 tubercle-like setae ; male epandrium with one tubercle-like seta on middle inner surface ; basal half of distiphallus curved outward and with weaker medial region .This species also resembles P.pacifica reported from North America but is distinguished by having a single pair of lateral bands on the scutum , the number of tubercle-like setae on the male epandrium , and position of the isolated tubercle-like seta on the inner surface of the male epandrium .This species resembles P.izayoi,P.chichibuensis, and P.caliginosa, in size and in having a pair of dark broad lateral bands on scutum; it is distinguished from them by the wholly yellow scutellum .Among Japanese species, this species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae20.Katosp. nov.4889FE47-0D59-5ABC-85AD-C98B34251F8Dhttps://zoobank.org/87323495-E2C3-44EF-A003-F6F9E4C24B6BHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a402), Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref. , 8-V-2007 collected on thallus of Conocephalumorientalis, NSMT-I-Dip 32003. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a262), Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref., 28-XI-1999 , emerged on 17-IV-2000, NSMT-I-Dip 32004; 1♀ (MK-AG-520), Renge-onsen, Itoigawa, Niigata Pref., 14-VII-2009 , emerged on 5-V-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32005; 1♂ (MK-AG-595), Mt. Hakusan, Hakusan, Ishikawa Pref., 3-V-2013 , emerged on 18-V-2013 NSMT-I-Dip 32006; 1♂1♀ , Nekata, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 2-IV-2011 , emerged on 18–20-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32007, 32007; 1♀ (MK-AG-574), Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 17-III-2013 , emerged on 5-IV-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 32009; 1♀ (MK-AG-624), Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 5-IV-2019 , emerged on 22-IV-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32010; 1♀ (MK-AG-a392), Mt. Daimanji, Oki Is. Shimane Pref., 22-XI-2010 , emerged on 7-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32011; 1♀ (MK-AG-587), Gakuen-ji, Bessho, Izumo, Shimane Pref., 11-I-2010 , emerged on 14-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32012; 1♂ (MK-AG-a225), Koyadaira, Tokushima Pref., 22-IV-2019  ; emerged on 5-V-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32013.Conocephalumsalebrosum: 1♂1♀, Renge-onsen, Itoigawa, Niigata Pref., 2-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 29-IV-2012; 1♀, Sarukura, Hakuba, Nagano Pref., 9-VI-2013 (as larva), emerged on 28-VI-2013. Japan: On Conocephalumorientalis: 5♀, Shokan-zawa, Mashike, Hokkaido, 4-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 29-IV–6-V-2012; 1♂, Mt. Nanakura, Noshiro, Akita Pref., 14-X-2012 (as larva), emerged on 11-IV-2012; 1♂, Mt. Kiyosumi, Kamogawa, Chiba Pref., 24-I-2012 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-2012; 5♂10♀, Nekata, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 8-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 27-III–26-IV-2012; 1♀, Takeda-gawa, Maruoka, Sakai, Fukui Pref., 18-III-2014 (as larva), emerged on 18-IV-2014; 3♂2♀, Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 20-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 24-III–4-IV-2011; 2♂2♀, Suizu, Tsuruga, Fukui Pref., 11-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 1–12-IV-2012; 3♂3♀, Seryo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 6-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV–12-V-2010; 2♂3♀, Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 17-III-2013 (as larva), emerged on 4–18-IV-2013; 3♂6♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 6-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-2010; 1♂2♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 28-IV-2015 (as larva), emerged on 10–18-IV-2015; 1♀, Mt. Kanpu, Ino, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 10-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on 30-II-2016.On Conocephalumpurpureorubrum: 1♀, Mt. Kiyosumi, Kamogawa, Chiba Pref., 14-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-2010; 1♀, Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 14-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-2011; 1♂, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 94-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 24-V-2012.On st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-distally with a long tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb consisting of 9–12 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumsalebrosum and C.orientalis. A large yellow species (wing length 2.4–2.5 mm) having a pruinose yellow scutum with a medial and a pair of dark brown lateral stripes, a yellow scutellum with dark lateral corners, black 1Adult male  on anterior 7/8, which is confluent with the presutural patches .Fig.  Larvae cFaguscrenata, Quercuscrispula and Cryptomeriajaponica ; male epandrium with a comb of 9–12 tubercle-like setae ; male epandrium with one tubercle-like seta on middle inner surface ; basal half of distiphallus curved outward and with weaker medial region . This species also resembles P.admirabilis recorded from Nepal; it is distinguished from the latter based on the following characters: halteres yellow (black in the latter); male genitalia lack paraphallus ; surstylus with one tubercle-like seta (without tubercle-like seta in the latter); ejaculatory apodeme with a short broad stalk . This species resembles P.izayoi resembles P.luna,P.chichibuensis, and P.caliginosa in size and in having a pair of dark broad lateral bands on the scutum; it is distinguished from P.luna by the dark-sided scutellum (scutellum only yellow in P.luna), from P.chichibuensis and P.caliginosa by the dark lateral bands not confluent with medial stripe  and by the tubercle-like setae borne on the distal margin of the male epandrium (tubercle-like setae borne on inner surface of epandrium in the others).Among the Japanese species, Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae21.Katosp. nov.FC6F3E2C-F587-56C7-995E-2ED5F310F63Fhttps://zoobank.org/7087598F-48A6-4158-B88E-CE998922EFD4Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a547), Mt. Futago, Ogano, Chichibu-gun, Saitama Pref. , 26-III-2021 , emerged on 21-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32014. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a387), Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 26-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32015; 1♂ (MK-AG-a393), Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 13-III-2017 , emerged on 21-IV-2021.st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb consisting of six long, fused, tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumpurpureorubrum. A large yellow species (wing length 2.2–2.9 mm) having a pruinose dark brown scutum with an obscure oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a black 1Adult male  on anterior 7/8, which is confluent with the presutural patches and the medial stripe  refers to the region where this species was found.The specific name .Fig.  Larvae cQuercuscrispula. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring.The habitats of this species are stream banks and cliffs in temperate deciduous forests dominated by Japan: Honshu, around Chichibu mountains in the Kanto Region Fig. .P.islandica and P.bornholmensis in yellow pattern of scutum; it is distinguished from P.islandica by the distiphallus with weaker medial region , from P.bornholmensis by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium . This species also resembles P.caliginosa in yellow pattern of scutum; it is distinguished from the latter by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium  and by the color of the first flagellomere .This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae22.Katosp. nov.4C8994C0-1E1F-5D90-B4CE-259490FFD52Bhttps://zoobank.org/8A5B5E5E-3A7D-416C-8CAE-2E0BC4108A1BHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a403), Kuki, Owase, Mie Pref. , 1-IV-2009 (as larva), emerged on 9-IV-2009, NSMT-I-Dip 32017. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a224), same data as holotype, emerged on 11-IV-2009, NSMT-I-Dip 32018; 1♀ (MK-AG-a250), Asahi-daki, Shuzenji, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 28-III-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32019; 1♂1♀ , Yunokuchi-onsen, Kiwa, Kumano, Mie Pref., 9–13-IV-2019 (as larva), emerged on 22-IV-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32020, 32021; 1♂1♀ , Mt. Kosho, Asakura, Fukuoka Pref., 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32022.Japan: 1♂1♀, Mt. Nokogiri, Kyonan, Awa, Chiba Pref., 24-I-2012 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV–8-V-2012 1♂1♀, Asahi-daki, Shuzenji, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 28-III–1-IV-2012; 3♂3♀, Tamaki-gawa, Totsugawa, Yoshino, Nara Pref., 9-III-2014 (as larva), emerged on 26-III–9-IV-2014; 2♂1♀, Wabuka, Kushimoto, Wakayama Pref., 4-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 26-III–12-IV-2012; 1♂2♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 1-III-2011 (as larva), emerged on 25-III–3-IV-2011; 2♂, Yasukawa-keikoku, Tanabe, Wakayama Pref., 9-VII-2012 (as larva), emerged on 16–21-IV-2002; 1♂1♀, Takinohai, Kozagawa, Wakayama Pref., 13-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 2–15-V-2014; 1♀, Yoshiwa, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima Pref., 30-V-2014 (as larva), emerged on ?-V-2014; 2♀, Mt. Ryuso, Aoi, Shizuoka Pref., 13-X-2015 (as larva), emerged on 14-IV-2015; 1♂, Shinkawa-keikoku, Kirishima, Kagoshima Pref., 31-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 16-IV-2017.st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long tubercle-like seta and inner-basally with a comb comprising eight or nine long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumorientalis. A large yellow species (wing length 2.1–2.3 mm) having pruinose dark brown scutum with an obscure oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a black 1Adult male  on anterior 7/8, which is confluent with the presutural patches and the medial stripe  refers to the obscure yellow mark on the scutum, which resembles a dim spring moon. The specific name .Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines Fig. .Castanopsiscuspidata and Quercussessilifolia. This species was sympatric with P.pallidofasciata and P.conocephali in some localities. Our rearing records suggested that this species was univoltine; it overwinters as a pupa and the adult emerged in spring. The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu Fig. .P.islandica and P.bornholmensis recorded respectively from Iceland and Denmark; it is distinguished from P.islandica by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium , and from P.bornholmensis by the form of the sclerite of the basal distiphallus . This species also resembles P.igniculus and P.chichibuensis in the yellow oblong obscure pattern of the scutum; it is distinguished from P.igniculus by the absence of a pair of lateral brown patches on the 2nd abdominal tergite (present in P.igniculus), and from P.chichibuensis by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium . This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae23.Katosp. nov.8DA6D0FD-C704-515D-B658-97C2EDA2E939https://zoobank.org/C786D7C2-26CE-42B4-B67F-7F74FD146759Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a404), Mt. Kora, Kurume, Fukuoka Pref. , 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32024. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 1–3-I-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32025–32027; 1♀ (MK-AG-532), Ashizuri-misaki, Tosashimizu, Kochi Pref., 26-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 31-III-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32028; 2♀ , Han-yama, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 29-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 8-IV-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32029, 32030.C.orientalis; 1♀, Mt. Inao, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 28-II-2000 (as larva), emerged on 4-IV-2000. Japan: 6♂6♀, Mikisato, Owase, Mie Pref., 30-XII-2020 (as larva), emerged on 20-II–15-III-2021; 3♂5♀, Tategasaki, Kumano, Mie Pref., 23-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV–18-V-2021; 1♀, Mt. Kosho, Asakura, Fukuoka Pref., 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 18-IV-2010; 12♂15♀, Mt. Kora, Kurume, Fukuoka Pref., 29-IV-2008 (as larva), emerged on 1–3-V-2008; 1♂2♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 15-XII-2020 (as larva), emerged on 23–28-II-2013; 1♂2♀, Shinkawa-keikoku, Kirishima, Kagoshima Pref., 31-III-2071 (as larva), emerged on 13–27-IV-2017; 1♀, Tashiro, Kinko, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 18-V-2013 collected on thallus of st flagellomere with yellow arista, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb comprising six long fused tubercle-like setae, but lacking an inner-lateral tubercle-like seta. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumorientalis. A large dark species (wing length 2.1–2.7 mm) having pruinose dark brown scutum, black 1Adult male  growing on mesic soils in warm-temperate broadleaf evergreen forests.Fig.  Larvae cCastanopsissieboldii and Quercusglauca , Yuni-ishikari-gawa, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido , 31-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 3-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32031. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ , Yuni-ishikari-gawa, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 1-VI-2020 (as larva), emerged on 8–12-VII-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32032, 32033; 2♂ , Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 17-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32034, 32035; 1♂1♀ , Sarukura, Hakuba, Nagano Pref., 11-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 21–24-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32036, 32037.Japan: 7♂12♀, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 31-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11–22-VII-2021; 2♂4♀, Aizankei, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 4-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 26-V–2-VI-2011; 2♂6♀, Yuni-ishikari-gawa, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 1-VI-2020 (as larva), emerged on 5–14-VII-2020; 10♂4♀, Nozuka-toge, Urakawa, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 5–18-VI-2021; 1♂2♀, Mt. Tengu, Jozan-kei, Minami-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 2-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7–10-VI-2021; 2♂1♀, Jozan-kei, Minami-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 2-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7–19-VI-2021; 1♂, Horoman-kyo, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 19-VI-2021.st flagellomere: male yellow, female black. The adult has a pruinose yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of black stripes, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising 6–8 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumsalebrosum. A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 2.2–2.3 mm) uniquely having sexual dimorphism in color of the 1Adult male  refers to heterosexually different colors of flagellomere: precisely, the male and female of this species have a yellow and a black flagellomere, respectively. The specific name .Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines Fig. .Abies spp., Picea spp. And Betula spp. . It also resembles P.bifasciata in having black stripes on scutum; it is distinguished from the latter by the morphology of surstylus of male genitalia  and the number of the black stripes .This species is unique in that male and female respectively has yellow and black 1Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae25.Katosp. nov.6A411C5F-5B58-5EF5-862C-67C2F1B4E11Chttps://zoobank.org/524B0462-AA14-4B7C-83A2-B048C7CFBCFAHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a380), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref. , 25-III-2021 , emerged on 6-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32038. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a429), same data as holotype, emerged on 5-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32039; 1♂ (MK-AG-a405), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 , emerged on 3-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32040; 1♀ (MK-AG-498), Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 8-V-2010 , emerged on 8-VI-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32041; 1♂1♀ , Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref., 27-III-2021 , emerged on 8-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32042, 32043; 1♂ (MK-AG-a298), Nishiyama-onsen, Hayakawa, Yamanashi Pref., 18-III-2017 , emerged on 4-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32044.Conocephalumsalebrosum: 3♂1♀, Hashigami, Yamane, Kuji, Iwate Pref., 5-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 5-29–5-VI-2012; 2♂6♀, Mt. Futago, Ogano, Chichibu-gun, Saitama Pref., 28-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV–10-VI-2015; 4♂12♀, Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref., 15-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 5–13-V-2016; 2♂1♀, Akiyama-go, Sakae-mura, Nagano Pref., 3-V-2015 (as larva), emerged on 26-V–14-VII-2020; 8♂18♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 15-V-2018 (as larva), emerged on 1–4-VI-2018; 2♂5♀, Sengataki, Uminokuchi, Minami-maki, Nagano Pref., 28-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 3-V–10-VI-2014; 4♂6♀, Azusayama, Kawakami-mura, Nagano Pref., 28-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 25–2-V-2014. Japan: On Conocephalumorientalis: 1♂, Tairadate, Sotogahama, Higashitsugaru, Aomori Pref., 26-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 1–15-VI-2012; 1♀, Yusen-kyo, Yamadera, Yamagata Pref., 15-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 3-V–3-VI-2014.On Conocephalumpurpureorubrum: 2♂1♀, Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 5-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 2–6-VI-2012; 20♂22♀, Mitsumine-jinja, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 26-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV–2-V-2021; 1♀, Sarukura, Hakuba, Nagano Pref., 9-VI-2013 (as larva), emerged on 22-VII-2013; 1♂, Mitsumine-jinja, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 13-V-2011 (as larva), emerged on 12-VI-2011.On st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising 5–7 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumsalebrosum,C.orientalis and C.purpureorubrum. A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.9–2.2 mm) having pruinose yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of gray stripes, a black 1Adult male  refers to the brown stripes on the scutum. The specific name  growing on mesic soils in cool-temperate broadleaf deciduous forests.Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines Fig. .Faguscrenata,Cercidiphyllumjaponicum, and Quercuscrispula . This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae26.Katosp. nov.D6B14157-6CCE-5DCB-81FD-78514B4D73F6https://zoobank.org/C8B683ED-E6C7-401F-ADF4-73F11F414EF8Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a519), Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref. , 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 27-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32045. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 27-IV–1-V-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 32046–32048; 1♀ (MK-AG-676), Asahi-daki, Shuzenji, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32049; 1♀ (MK-AG-a240) Mt. Ichifusa, Mizukami, Kuma, Kumamoto Pref., 14-XII-2012 (as larva), emerged on 22-III-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 32050.Japan: 3♂1♀, Momiki, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on ?-VI-2015; 2♂, Yoro-keikoku, Otaki, Isumi, Chiba Pref., 17-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 18–20-IV-2016; 1♂2♀, Amagi-toge, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 19-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 8-V–3-VI-2021; 2♂2♀, Kuki, Owase, Mie Pref., 29-III-2019 (as larva), emerged on 9–30-IV-2019; 1♀, Takinohai, Kozagawa, Wakayama Pref., 13-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-2014; 2♀, Wabuka, Kushimoto, Wakayama Pref., 4-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 9-IV-2012; 7♂8♀, Narutaki, Ichiu, Tsurugi, Tokushima Pref., 31-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV–20-V-2021; 1♂2♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 25-IV-2011; 3♀, Mt. Kosho, Asakura, Fukuoka Pref., 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 1–13-V-2016; 1♂, Amagi-toge, Izu, Kaeda-keikoku, Kagamisu, Miyazaki, Miyazaki Pref. Pref., 11-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-2021.st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with an extended, apically flattened tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising 3–5 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumorientalis. A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.9–2.0 mm) having pruinose yellow scutum with two pairs of pale brown stripes, a black 1Adult male  refers to the two pairs of pale brown stripes on the scutum. The specific name .Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines Fig. .Castanopsiscuspidata and Quercusglauca. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring.The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by Japan: Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu Fig. .P.nigroflava,P.brunofasciata, and P.bifasciata in having two pairs of dark lateral stripes on the scutum; it is distinguished from them by the color of the stripes , and by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium . The locality records of P.pallidofasciata are concentrated along southern sea coasts, while those of P.luteola are scattered in higher altitudes and in northern areas.This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae27.Katosp. nov.5B4B5EE7-E88D-522D-93BA-A57B159DDE3Dhttps://zoobank.org/CFF5A73E-5132-4E3D-80F6-7AD3BFB6FBDDHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a407), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref. , 25-III-2021 , emerged on 5-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32051. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a241), type locality, 15-V-2018 , emerged on 31-V-2018, NSMT-I-Dip 32052; 2♀ , type locality, 10-XII-2016 , emerged on 3-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32053, 32054; 1♀ (MK-AG-319), Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 , emerged on 11-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32055; 1♀ (MK-AG-a263), Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref., 28-IV-2010 , emerged on 30-V-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32056.Conocephalumsalebrosum: 3♂3♀, Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7–15-VI-2019; 1♂1♀, Horoka, Kamishihoro, Hokkaido, 31-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 24-VI–2-VII-2021; 3♂3♀, Horoman-kyo, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-V–8-VI-2021; 5♂7♀, Mt. Horoiwa, Saroma, Tokoro, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1–8-VI-2021; 5♂7♀, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 31-V–26-VI-2021; 4♂5♀, Samani-dam, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 5–13-VI-2021; 6♂10♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 15–22-V-2021; 3♂3♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV–1-V-2016; 13♂9♀, Sarukura, Hakuba, Nagano Pref., 11-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7–19-VI-2021; 4♂4♀, Shirahone-onsen, Matsumoto, Nagano Pref., 14-V-2011 (as larva), emerged on 9–17-VI-2011; 3♂2♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 29-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 25–30-V-2012; 1♂4♀, Mt. Toyoguchi, Ooshika, Shimo-ina, Nagano Pref., 29-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 30–31-V-2012; 2♂, Azusayama, Kawakami-mura, Nagano Pref., 28-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 27-V-2014; 1♂1♀, Abe-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 30-IX-2014 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV–1-V-2014;. Japan: On Conocephalumorientalis: 1♂1♀, Nakanomata, Hachimori, Yatsumine, Aomori Pref., 6-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV–6-V-2014; 6♂12♀, Yusen-kyo, Yamadera, Yamagata Pref., 15-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 7-V–4-VI-2012; 1♂1♀, Saruyama, Monzen, Wajima, Ishikawa Pref., 4-V-2013 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2013; 3♂7♀, Uchinami, Katsuhara, Oono, Fukui Pref., 13-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 13–18-V-2011; 3♂4♀, Suizu, Tsuruga, Fukui Pref., 11-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 15–20-IV-2012; 2♂3♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 5-IV-2017 (as larva), emerged on 8–12-V-2017; 41♂42♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 25–30-IV-2021; 7♂8♀, Narutaki, Ichiu, Tsurugi, Tokushima Pref.2, 31-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV–2-V-2021.On Conocephalumpurpureorubrum: 2♂3♀: Tanneso, Rubeshibetsu, Hiroo, Hokkaido, 2-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 19–21-V-2011; 1♂1♀, Toyoni-gawa, Erimo, Toyoizumi, Hokkaido, 1-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 24–26-VI-2021; 4♀, Eniwa-keikoku, Eniwa, Hokkaido, 2-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1–6-VI-2021; 1♂1♀, Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido, 2-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 18–27-VI-2021; 3♂6♀, Kamiyasse, Kesennuma, Miyagi Pref., 25-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV–5-V-2016; 6♂10♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15–21-V-2021; 2♀, Nakabusa-onsen, Azumino, Nagano Pref., 5-V-2016 (as larva), emerged on 8-VI-2016; 3♂2♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 29-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 25–30-V-2012; 2♂3♀, Irisawai, Oshika, Nagano Pref., 26-V–5-VI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2013; 1♂, Usuzuka, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 25-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2011; 2♂2♀, Yugashima, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 9–18-IV-2012; 3♂7♀, Uchinami, Katsuhara, Oono, Fukui Pref., 13-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 13–18-V-2011.On st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with an extended, apically flattened tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising 3–5 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumsalebrosum,C.orientalis, and C.purpureorubrum. A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.9–2.0 mm) having pruinose, entirely yellow scutum and scutellum, a black 1Adult male  refers to totally yellow body of the species. The specific name .Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines Fig. .Quercuscrispula,Aesculusturbinata, and Pterocaryarhoifolia . This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae28.Katosp. nov.C2B4E586-FB37-519D-A92E-05D8E21AC92Fhttps://zoobank.org/F54BEE66-8544-474C-B9DB-2DD1C37B7E65Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a540), Mitsumine, Chichibu, Saitama Pref. , 26-III-2021 (as larva on C.purpureorubrum), emerged on 17-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32057. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a541), same data as holotype, NSMT-I-Dip 32058. 2♂2♀ , Eniwa-keikoku, Eniwa, Hokkaido, 2-V-2021 , emerged on 10–15-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32059–32062.Conocephalumsalebrosum: 1♂, Mt. Horoiwa, Saroma, Tokoro, Hokkaido, 1-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on 4-V-2016; 1♂, Usuzuka, Fujinomiya, Funbe, Hiroo, Hokkaido Pref., 27-VIII-2014 (as larva), emerged on 16-V-2014. Japan: On Conocephalumpurpureorubrum: 1♂1♀, Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11–15-VI-2021; 1♀, Samani-dam, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15-VI-2021.On st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with an extended, apically flattened tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising three or four long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumsalebrosum and C.purpureorubrum. A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.8–2.1 mm) having a pruinose light yellow scutum and scutellum, a yellow 1Adult male  refers to pale yellow body and antennae of this species. The specific name .Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines Fig. .Quercuscrispula and Ulmusdavidiana .This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae29.Katosp. nov.6DCE2C37-2A7D-56CB-9E9B-3C41AFCC55B5https://zoobank.org/37D392D3-B139-456D-A40D-A341EEDF2341Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a349), Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref. , 26-V-2021 , emerged on 21-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32063. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 11–16-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32064, 32065; 1♀ (MK-AG-a382), Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido, 6-VI-2021 (as larva on C.purpureorubrum), emerged on 15-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32066; 1♂ (MK-AG-542), Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 17-XI-2014 , emerged on 26-IV-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 32067; 1♂ (MK-AG-a242), Haccho-toge, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva on C.purpureorubrum), emerged on 6-V-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32068; 1♀ (MK-AG-a272), Yoro-keikoku, Otaki, Isumi, Chiba Pref., 24-II-2012 , emerged on 9-V-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32069; 1♀ (MK-AG-a274), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 , emerged on 5-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32070.Conocephalumsalebrosum: 1♂2♀, Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 17-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV–3-V-2014; 2♀, Otaki, Akiu, Taihaku, Sendai, Miyagi Pref., 14-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 22-IV-2014; 1♂, Yusen-kyo, Yamadera, Yamagata Pref., 15-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2014; 2♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva), emerged on 3–5-V-2016; 1♂1♀, Mt. Hakusan, Hakusan, Ishikawa Pref., 3-V-2013 (as larva), emerged on 24–31-V-2013. Japan: On Conocephalumorientalis: 1♂1♀, Yachi, Kawaba, Gunma Pref., 14-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 20–24-V-2012; 1♀, Yoro-keikoku, Otaki, Isumi, Chiba Pref., 24-I-2012 (as larva), emerged on 9-V-2012; 1♂, Amagi-toge, Izu, Kaeda-keikoku, Kagamisu, Miyazaki, Miyazaki Pref. Pref., 17-II-2009 (as larva), emerged on 26-III-2009; 3♂, Ashikubo, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 13-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV–1-V-2012; 1♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 15-IV-2011; 1♀, Gokanosho, Itsuki, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 25-IV-2015; 1♂1♀, Shiibarui, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 5–20-V-2015; 1♀, Mt. Kosho, Asakura, Fukuoka Pref., 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 4-V-2010.On Conocephalumpurpureorubrum: 1♂1♀, Haccho-toge, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV–6-V-2010; 2♀, Mt. Toyoguchi, Ooshika, Shimo-ina, Nagano Pref., 30-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 1–5-VI-2012; 1♀, Mt. Ishizuchi, Kuma-kogen, Ehime Pref., 4-V-2014 (as larva), emerged on 16-V-2014.On st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a hypertrophied tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising three or four long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumsalebrosum,C.orientalis and C.purpureorubrum. A large yellow species (wing length 2.2–2.3 mm) having a shiny yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of black stripes, a black 1Adult male.Head:  refers to a pair of black stripes on the yellow scutum. The specific name .Larvae construct linear mines in the midrib of the thallus, and pupate in the mines Fig. .Quercuscrispula,Faguscrenata and Aesculusturbinata  and by the dissimilarity of color between the outer and inner pairs of the stripes (color is similar between outer and inner pairs in the other species). This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae30.Strobl9D688E02-82AE-5D24-A0A6-2FADBDDB1B2FAgromyzaalpicola Strobl, 1898: 272.Liriomyzaalpicola Hendel, 1931: 206.Phytoliriomyzaalpicola Spencer, 1971: 162.Lemurimyzaalpicola .Papp, 1984: 306.Phytoliriomyzaalpicola Sasakawa, 2008: 137; Conocephalumsalebrosum: 1♀, Yuni-ishikari-gawa, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 5-VI-2016 (as larva), emerged on 22-VI-2016; 1♂, Samani-dam, Samani, Hokkaido, 1-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 3-VII-2021; 1♀, Renge-onsen, Itoigawa, Niigata Pref., 15-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on ?-VI-2011; 27♂36♀, Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30-V–27-VI-2021. Japan: On Conocephalumorientalis: 5♀, Iwadate, Hachimori, Happo, Yamamoto, Akita Pref., 16-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 2–18-V-2014; 1♀, Futto, Toei, Kitashidara, Aichi Pref., 9-III-2013 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-2013; 1♀, Nekata, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 8-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 8-V-2012; 1♀, Saruyama, Monzen, Wajima, Ishikawa Pref., 4-V-2013 (as larva), emerged on 3-VI-2013; 1♀, Chiisago, Kaminokuni, Hiyama, Hokkaido, 11-VI-2012 (as larva), emerged on 16-VI-2012.On Conocephalumpurpureorubrum: 1♀, Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 3-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 26-V-2011; 1♀, Irisawai, Oshika, Nagano Pref., 29-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 2-VI-2011; 1♂, Horoman-kyo, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 25-V-2021; 1♀, Tanneso, Rubeshibetsu, Hiroo, Hokkaido, 2-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 19-V-2011; 1♂1♀, Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 19-VIII-2002 (as larva), emerged on 5-V-2002; 1♀, Irisawai, Oshika, Nagano Pref., 20-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 2-VI-2011.On st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and dark gray legs. Male epandrium inner-subdistally with a hypertrophied tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising six or seven long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalumsalebrosum,C.orientalis and C.purpureorubrum.A medium-sized dark species (wing length 1.7–1.8 mm) having pruinose dark gray scutum, yellow scutellum, a black 1Adult male.Head: .Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines Fig. .Quercuscrispula and Faguscrenata, riparian forests dominated by Cercidiphyllumjaponicum  and by the number and arrangement of tubercle-like setae in a comb on the male epandrium . P.alpicola also resembles P.marchantiae,P.lanternaria,P.rebouliae, and P.conocephali in having dark brown scutum and yellow scutellum; it is distinguished from them by the absence of a small medial yellow mark on the posterior margin of the scutum, and by the absence of dark bands at the lateral margins of the yellow scutellum. This species was reported from Scotland by Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae31.Katosp. nov.39222827-34A0-505D-9F06-6B46FD8A05CFhttps://zoobank.org/A8BEF529-86DC-4CBC-AA58-4ADFFAF30AADHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a290), Hachijo Is., Tokyo Pref. , 17-II-2012 , emerged on 23-IV-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 32071. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 8-IV–2-V-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 32072–32074; 1♀ (MK-AG-a473), Anbo, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 30-III-2017 , emerged on 15-VII-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32075.Conocephalumorientalis: 2♂, Mt. Horoiwa, Saroma, Tokoro, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7-VI-2021; 1♀, Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido, 2-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 16-VI-2016; 3♂9♀, Hachijo Is., Tokyo Pref., 17-II-2012 (as larva), emerged on 8-IV–2-V-2012; 1♀, Fuchigasawa, Kimitsu, Chiba Pref., 13-V-2008 (as larva), emerged on 31-V-2013. Japan: On st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and yellowish brown legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long ventrally directed tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a siku-shaped comb comprising seven fused tubercle-like setae. A medium-sized dark species (wing length 1.8–1.9 mm) having pruinose dark gray scutum with mid-posterior yellow margin, yellow scutellum with dark lateral corners, black 1Conocephalumorientalis.Larva mines the thallus of Adult male  refers to the faint yellow spot on the scutellum, which reminds us of a lantern light. The specific name  growing on mesic soils in various types of forests.Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines Fig. .Castanopsiscuspidata and cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by Quercuscrispula . It is also distinguished from P.marchantiae and P.rebouliae by the absence of a tubercle-like seta on the surstylus of the male epandrium, and from P.conocephali by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium . This species resembles P.alpicola in the color patterns of the scutum, but is distinguished from the latter by its gray scutum , dark-sided scutellum , and number and arrangement of tubercle-like setae on the male epandrium . This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae32.Katosp. nov.6A8ECAF1-C853-5FE0-87DE-E0C6F054A932https://zoobank.org/10851865-0EEE-4AE0-BB92-C5858AB04C1BHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a269), Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref. , 29-XI-1998 , emerged on 26-V-1999, NSMT-I-Dip 32076. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a408), type locality, 8-IV-2012 , emerged on 13-V-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32077; 2♂ , Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref., 13-XI-2001 (as larva on C.japonicum), emerged on ?-IV-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32078–32079; 1♂ (MK-AG-a9), Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 18-X-2018 (as larva on C.japonicum), emerged on 7-V-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32080; 1♂ (MK-AG-a8), Dainichi, Kakegawa, Shizuoka Pref., 3-I-2016 (as larva on C.japonicum), emerged on 24-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 32081; 1♀ (MK-AG-726), Saruyama, Monzen, Wajima, Ishikawa Pref., 4-V-2013 , emerged on 3-VI-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 32082; 1♀ (MK-AG-a7), Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 2-III-2019 , emerged on 16-IV-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32083; 1♀ (MK-AG-a6), Chikatsuyu, Nakaheji, Tanabe, Wakayama Pref., 3-III-2012 , emerged on 9-IV-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32084.C.orientalis: 3♂3♀, Yusen-kyo, Yamadera, Yamagata Pref., 15-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 19-V–2-VI-2012; Hosorogi, Awara, Ishikawa Pref., 1-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 5–24-V-2011; 4♂3♀, Suizu, Tsuruga, Fukui Pref., 11-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 12-IV–8-V-2012; 1♂♀, Seryo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 22-IX-2002 (as larva), emerged on 15–16-V-2002; 5♂15♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 5-IV-2017 (as larva), emerged on 12–22-IV-2017; 1♂2♀, Mt. Gyojagaeri, Kamikitayama, Nara Pref., 31-VII-1999 (as larva), emerged on 25-VIII–5-X-1999; 4♂5♀, Wadagawa-kyo, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref., 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-VII–5-VIII-2021; 6♀, Wabuka, Kushimoto, Wakayama Pref., 4-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 9-IV–23-V-2017; 2♂8♀, Taishaku-kyo, Shobara, Hiroshima Pref., 9-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 15–27-V-2011; 2♂4♀, Narutaki, Ichiu, Tsurugi, Tokushima Pref., 31-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11-V–2-VI-2021; 1♂1♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 24–26-IV-2011; 2♂14♀, Nanatsudake, Tamanoura, Fukue Is. Goto, Pref., 9-X-1998 (as larva), emerged on 20-XI-1998–4-IV-1999; 3♂4♀, Gokanosho, Itsuki, Kumamoto Pref., 10-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 10–221-IV-2021; 1♂4♀, Anbo, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 30-II-2017 (as larva), emerged on ?-V-2017. Japan: On Conocephalumpurpureorubrum: 2♀, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Teshio, Hokkaido Pref., 5-X-2013 (as larva), emerged on ?-V-2013; 1♀, Yoro-keikoku, Otaki, Isumi, Chiba Pref., 17-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 22-IV-2013; 1♀, Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 14-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 18-V-2012.On Conocephalumsalebrosum: 1♀, Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 14-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 18-V-2012; 1♂, Usuzuka, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 15-VI-2013 (as larva), emerged on 8-VII-2013.On Conocephalumjaponicum: 1♂1♀, Mt. Teine, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 24-VII-2011 (as larva), emerged on 15–17-VIII-2011; 1♂4♀, Nishikawa, Nishimurayama, Yamagata Pref., 15-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 19-V–8-VI-2012; 4♂8♀, Dainichi, Kakegawa, Shizuoka Pref., 3-I-2016 (as larva), emerged on 21-IV–1-V-2016; 4♂8♀, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 18-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV–7-V-2016; 4♂5♀, Wadagawa-kyo, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref., 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-VII–5-VIII-2021; 3♂4♀, Gokanosho, Itsuki, Kumamoto Pref., 10-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 10–221-IV-2021.On st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and yellowish brown legs. Male epandrium inner-subdistally with a long ventrally directed tubercle-like seta, inner-laterally with a tubercle like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising five fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of all Japanese Conocephalum spp. A small dark species (wing length 1.3–1.7 mm) having a pruinose dark gray scutum with a mid-posterior yellow margin, a yellow scutellum with dark lateral corners, a black 1Adult male .C.orientalis are inconspicuous , while those on thin thalli of annual C.japonicum  are blackish and conspicuous. Larvae construct linear mines in the midrib of the thallus, and pupate in the mines Fig. . The minCastanopsiscuspidata and cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by Quercuscrispula. It is sympatric with P.izayoi,P.luteola, and P.lanternaria at some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is bivoltine, with adults emerging twice in spring and summer. The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Yaku Island Fig. .P.suetsugui) among the Phytoliriomyza species associated with Conocephalum, and is the only species that mines the small thalli of C.japonicum. This species resembles P.marchantiae,P.rebouliae, and P.lanternaria in having a small yellow mark lying between the posterior scutum and the scutellum; it is distinguished from P.marchantiae and P.rebouliae by the presence of tubercle-like seta on the surstylus of the male epandrium, from P.lanternaria by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium . This species is the second smallest , from P.fumicosta by the number of fused tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium .This species also resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae33.Katosp. nov.96B78587-0248-5718-9A8F-EB676DE689CChttps://zoobank.org/C6207F26-047E-4F73-B42B-B92CB9291F39Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a221), Arakawa, Takae, Higashi-son, Okinawa Pref. , 22-II-2011 , emerged on 16-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32085. Paratypes: Japan: 2♂1♀ , same data as holotype emerged on 14–22-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32086–32088; 1♀ (MK-AG-766), Naon, Yamato, Oshima, Kagoshima Pref., 12-XII-2014 (as larva), emerged on 17-III-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 32089; 1♀ (MK-AG-761), Mt. Yonaha, Kunigami, Okinawa Pref., 18-VII-2016 , emerged on 14-X-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 32090.C.orientalis), emerged on 27-I–12-II-2022. Japan: 3♂3♀, Arakawa, higashi-son, Okinawa Pref., 10-XI-2021  having a pruinose dark gray scutum and scutellum, a black 1Adult male , Iwakura-muramatsu, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref. , 12-XI-2020 (as larva on Ricciahuebeneriana), emerged on 1-XII-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32091. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 2–16-XII-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32092–32093; 1♀ (MK-AG-201), type locality, 27-X-2017 (as larva on R.huebeneriana), emerged on 13-XI-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32094; 1♀ (MK-AG-205), Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 16-XI-2017 (as larva on R.nipponica), emerged on 8-XII-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32095; 1♀ (MK-AG-234), Niken-chaya, Shizuichi-ichihara, Sakyo, Kyoto Pref., 18-XII-2015 (as larva on R.nipponica), emerged on 15-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 32096;1♂ (MK-AG-a440), Nienami, Nango, Nichinan, Miyazaki Pref., 25-IX-2017 , emerged on 29-X-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32097.R.nipponica: 39♂40♀, Niken-chaya, Shizuichi-ichihara, Sakyo, Kyoto Pref., 31-X-2015 (as larva), emerged on 25-XI-2015–8-IV-2016; 1♀, Midai-gawa. Tatsuoka, Nirasaki, Yamanashi Prec., 10-XII-2016 (as larva), emerged on 14-V-2017. Japan: On R.miyakeana: 1♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 16-XI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 10-XII-2017.On R.lamellosa: 1♂, Joja, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 3-XII-2021.On R.oryzicola: 1♂, Somada, Wazuka, Soraku, Kyoto Pref., 15-X-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15-XI-2021; 1♀, Megami, Makinohara, Shizuoka Pref., 20-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 3-I-2018; 1♀, Aono-gawa, Sanda, Hyogo Pref., 30-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 26-XI-2017.On R.bifurca: 1♂, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 10-X-2021 (as larva), emerged on 21-X-2021.On R.huebeneriana: 2♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 16-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 8–18-XII-2017; 1♂1♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 24-IX-2017 (as larva), emerged on 15-X-2017; 1♂1♀, Urauchi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30-XI-2021; 1♂, Nametoko, Matsuno, Kita-uwa, Ehime Pref., 3-X-2021 (as larva), emerged on 20-X-2021; 3♀, Kayo, Nago, Okinawa Pref., 10-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22–28-XI-2021.On R.canaliculata: 3♂, Nienami, Nango, Nichinan, Miyazaki Pref., 25-IX-2017 (as larva), emerged on 17–29-IX-2017.On st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, yellowish gray halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium with dorso-ventrally bilobed surstylus; dorsal arm with two short tubercle-like setae. Male epandrium with bilobed, dorsoventrally elongated surstyli. Distiphalli tapering toward apex and bilaterally asymmetrical. Larva mines the thallus of Riccia spp. A small species (wing length 1.0–1.3 mm) having a pruinose grayish yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of lateral dark gray stripes, a gray scutellum, yellow pleuron, black 1Adult male , R.miyakeana . Although the European species, P.mesnili has been recorded from Riccia and Ricciocarpos, P.ricciae has been recorded only from Riccia spp., even though Ricciocarposnatans was abundant in the same rice fields.ana Fig. , R.oryziola Fig. , R.bifurana Fig.  and R.caata Fig.  , the obscure dark lateral bands on scutum (more distinct in P.mesnili), the vestigial acrostichal seta , the small hypophallus ; it is distinguished from the latter by the vestigial acrostichal setae on the scutum (present in P.venustula), weaker sclerotization of male genitalia (well sclerotized in P.venustula), number of apical long setae on the ventral lobe of the surstylus , and the small but distinct hypophallus .This species is also closely related to another European species, P.ricciae resembles P.suetsugui,P.sexfasciata, and P.megacerotis in having wholly dark scutum and dark maxillary palpus; it is distinguished from them by the absence of a comb of tubercle-like setae on the male epandrium. This species also resembles P.ugetsu,P.caerulescens, and P.phaeocerotis in having a wholly dark scutum; it is distinguished from them by the color of maxillary pulps .Among the Japanese species, Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae35.Katosp. nov.65D8B741-B29D-5499-93F1-55905D51DA07https://zoobank.org/23B90D2D-BB82-494F-94B2-EA5703FDC06BHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a574), Ookura, Arashiyama, Hiki, Saitama Pref. , 2-XI-2021 , emerged on 25-XI-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32098. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 17–25-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32099–32101; 1♀ (MK-AG-a568), Joja, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 2-XI-2021 , emerged on 19-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32102; 1♂ (MK-AG-a585), Joja, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 10-X-2021 (as larva on Ricciabifurca), emerged on 8-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32103.R.lamellosa:11♂14♀, Negishi, Arashiyama, Hiki, Saitama Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 17-XI–12-XII-2021; 3♂5♀, Joja, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 2-XI-2021 , emerged on 8–29-XI-2021.On R.sorocarpa: 3♂3♀, Joja, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-XI–26-XII-2021.On st flagellomere, brown maxillary palpus, yellowish gray halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-distally with a strong tubercle-like seta and inner-basally with a cluster of 29–35 dense tubercle-like setae. Distiphalli bilaterally asymmetrical, with left one tapering toward apex. Larva mines the thallus of Riccialamellosa,R.sorocarpa and R.bifurca.A small species (wing length 1.2–1.5 mm) having a pruinose grayish scutum with six longitudinal dark gray bands, a gray scutellum, brown 1Adult male.Head:  refers to the six dark gray stripes on the scutum. The specific name .This species is unique in that the scutum is six-banded , and in the male epandrium having a clump (not a comb) of 25–30 short tubercle-like setae on the basal margin. This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae36.Katosp. nov.C42A1498-7562-5367-A225-1AA98BE82238https://zoobank.org/7DA0D0D4-177C-474E-BFC2-7E0F1F180508Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a562), Ugan-zaki, Ishigaki-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref. , 7-XI-2021 (as larva on Ricciabillardieri), emerged on 19-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32104. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a558), same data as holotype, NSMT-I-Dip 32105; 1♂2♀ , Komi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI-2021 (as larva on Ricciabillardieri), emerged on 17-XI–8-XII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32106–32108; 1♂ (MK-AG-a576), Urauchi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 8-XI-2021 (as larva on Ricciahuebeneriana), emerged on 25-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32109.R.billardieri: 65♂70♀, same data as holotype, 7-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 19-XI–5-XII-2021; 85♂82♀, Komi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI -2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-XI–811-XII-2021; 18♂25♀, Urauchi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI -2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-XI–811-XII-2021. Japan: On R.huebeneriana: 2♂3♀, Ugan-zaki, Ishigaki-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref. 7-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22–24-XI-2021; 10♂4♀, Komi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 16–29-XI-2021; 13♂10♀, Urauchi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 27-XI–15-XII-2021.On st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, gray halteres, and yellowish brown legs. Male scutum uniquely with a pair of bluish bands. Male epandrium inner-laterally with two strong tubercle-like setae, and with ventrally elongated surstylus. Distiphalli bilaterally asymmetrical and tapering toward apex. Larva mines the thallus of Ricciabillardieri and R.huebeneriana. A small species (wing length 1.1–1.3 mm) having a pruinose gray scutum and scutellum, brown 1Adult male  refers to the bluish bands on the scutum, which are especially prominent in the female.The specific name .eri Fig.  and R.huana Fig.  .This species is unique in that the female has blue lateral bands on the scutum. It resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae37.Katosp. nov.65846D67-9717-5F3C-BBC6-1D8052652938https://zoobank.org//CFCA1020-3149-4BAB-98D8-32D80783407FHolotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a310), Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref. , 11-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32110. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ , type locality, 14-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1–6-VIII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32111–32113.Japan: 2♂1♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 14-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 31-VII–18-VIII-2021.st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with one strong tubercle-like seta. Distiphalli tapering toward apex, fused after meeting, elongated over the length of phallapodeme. Larva mines the thallus of a hornwort, Foliocerosfuciformis.A small species (wing length 1.1–1.3 mm) having a subshiny black scutum, black scutellum with small yellow spot centrally, yellow 1Adult male .Mines are extremely inapparent because the thalli are thick and often overlapping Fig. .Castanopsissieboldii and Quercushelva . These two species were found sympatrically at the type locality, where their host plants, Marchantiapapillatagrossibarba and Foliocerosfuciformis, grow in similar riparian habitats. Irrespective of their similar external morphology, these species are evidently distantly related, given their greatly differing genital morphology. This species resembles The three agromyzid species recorded from hornworts all had a dark scutum, but varied among species in color of antenna, color of maxillary palpus, and comb of tubercle-like setae on male epandrium. They also had common characteristics in the male genitalia; the distiphallus is little sclerotized, elongated, and tapering toward the apex. These characteristics of the male genitalia in hornwort-associated species suggest their monophyletic origin.Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae38.Katosp. nov.B329DE62-E344-544C-9E07-4C524418D728https://zoobank.org/658789E1-B6A7-464B-B701-5D17528CC4E3Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a417), Kotonotaki, Susami, Wakayama Pref. , 24-III-2020 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32114. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 30-IV–2-V-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32115–32117; 1♀ (MK-AG-146), Tashiro, Kinko, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 22-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 32118; 1♂1♀ , Yasukawa-keikoku, Tanabe, Wakayama Pref., 31-VII-2015 (as larva), emerged on 3-IX-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 32119–32120.Japan: 8♂9♀, Kotonotaki, Susami, Wakayama Pref., 24-III-2020 (as larva), emerged on 31-I–2-V-2020; 16♂28♀, Yasukawa-keikoku, Tanabe, Wakayama Pref., 31-VII-2015 (as larva), emerged on 25-VIII–2-IX-2020; 1♀, Wadagawa-kyo, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref., 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 18-VIII-2021; 9♂25♀, Tashiro, Kinko, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 22-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV–30-IV–10-V-2020; 1♀, Isso, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 29-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 12-V-2021.st flagellomere, black maxillary palpus, dark gray halteres, and dark gray legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb comprising five or six fused long tubercle-like setae; surstylus with a comb comprising five or six fused long tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of a riparian hornwort, Megacerosflagellaris. A small species (wing length 1.2–1.4 mm) having a pruinose gray scutum and scutellum, black 1Adult male .Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in and rarely out of the mines Fig. .Castanopsissieboldii . This species resembles Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraAgromyzidae39.Katosp. nov.D6949971-FB23-58D2-A867-C02605D5CA43https://zoobank.org/B6F924D3-86D3-4A6E-9C66-DE45C0188495Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-150), Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref. , 16-XI-2017 (as larva on Notothylastemperata), emerged on 2-I-2018, NSMT-I-Dip 32121. Paratypes: Japan: 2♂1♀ , same data as holotype, emerged on 24-XI-2017–5-I-2018, NSMT-I-Dip 32122–32124; 1♀ (MK-AG-135), type locality, 22-IV-2016 (as larva on Phaeoceroscarolinianus), emerged on 10-V-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 32125; 1♀ (MK-AG-a10), type locality, 15-XI-2019 (as larva on Ph.carolinianus), emerged on 18-XII-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32126; 1♂ (MK-AG-a415), Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 17-XII-2019 (as larva on Anthocerospunctatus), emerged on 24-I-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32127; 1♀ (MK-AG-a375), Mt. Gion, Takahashi, Okayama Pref., 9-X-2017 (as larva on Notothylastemperata), emerged on 3-XI-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32128; 1♀ (MK-AG-a11), Shodon, Kakeroma Is., Setouchi, Kagoshima Pref., 24-I-2019 (as larva on Ph.carolinianus), emerged on 24-II-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32129; 1♂ (MK-AG-a12), Minami-bokujo, Yonaguni Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 5-III-2019 (as larva on Ph.carolinianus), emerged on 2-IV-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32130.Phaeoceroscarolinianus: 27♂52♀, Yudenno-sato, Sugegaya, Makinohara, Shizuoka Pref., 9-I-2018 (as larva), emerged on 2–26-II-2018; 2♂5♀, Megami, Makinohara, Shizuoka Pref., 10-XII-2017 (as larva), emerged on 30-I–7-II-2018; 11♂14♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 3-I-2018 (as larva), emerged on 19-I–23-II-2018; 18♂26♀, Shiozuka-kogen, Yamashiro, Miyoshi, Tokushima Pref., 5-XI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 29-XI-2017–9-II-2018; 6♂15♀, Shodon, Kakeroma Is., Setouchi, Kagoshima Pref., 23-I-2019 (as larva), emerged on 2-II–11-III-2019; 2♂, Minami-bokujo, Yonaguni Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 5-III-2019 (as larva), emerged on 2-IV-2019. Japan: On Notothylastemperata: 1♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 17-XII-2019 (as larva), emerged on 19-I-2020; 8♂17♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 16-XI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 20-XI–21-II-2017; 1♂, Mita-ike, Toyokura, Kasai, Hyogo Pref., 30-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 17-XII-2017; 9♂10♀, Mt. Gion, Takahashi, Okayama Pref., 6-XI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 12-XI–5-XII-2017.On Notothylasorbicularis: 1♂, Izuruhara, Tamura, Tochigi Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 10-XII-2021.On Anthocerospunctatus: 1♂1♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 7-XII-2019 (as larva), emerged on 8–28-I-2020; 1♂1♀, Mita-ike, Toyokura, Kasai, Hyogo Pref., 30-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 28–29-XI-2017.On st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, brown halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a short tubercle-like seta. Distiphalli elongated, tapering toward apex, more than 2 × longer than the phallapodeme. the larvae mine thalli of hornworts belonging to the following genera: Notothylas,Phaeoceros and Anthoceros. A small species (wing length 1.2–1.5 mm) that has a pruinose gray scutum and scutellum, brown 1Adult male , and Anthocerospunctatus (Anthocerotaceae). Four hornwort species belonging to 3 families were recorded to be host plants: Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in the mines Fig. . The larP.ricciae . This species also resembles P.scotica in morphology of epandrium and in having an extremely elongated distiphallus (P.scotica Spencer) and the broad shoehorn-shaped sclerites on the basal distiphallus (sclerites narrow P.scoticain ). This species resembles iphallus ; it is dMegacerosvincentianus in Mexico by Phytoliriomyzaphaeocerotis sp. nov. . Given the low species diversity of liverworts, the number of Phytoliriomyza species using two common liverwort genera, Conocephalum and Reboulia, 15 and 6 species, respectively, is notably high.Riccia). The mines are generally linear (particularly in early instars) and many larvae, particularly those mining in complex thalloid liverworts, excavate the lower parenchymatous layers of thalli, which makes their mines often obscure or invisible. As such, the mines are inconspicuous and cryptic, and even the biology of a well-known species, Phytoliriomyzadorsata, had been unknown until we reported it herein.The larvae of all of these species are thallus-miners; they pupate within mines unless the thalli are particularly thin and minute   ; P.pacif in Peru ; this spPhytoliriomyza species, 33 were recorded in Honshu, 19 in Shikoku, 17 in Kyushu, and ten in Hokkaido  were local and rare, the distribution of which are mainly restricted by the narrow range of host bryophytes. The marked loss of bryophytes growing in rice fields, Riccia,Phaeoceros,Notothylas, and Anthoceros spp., due to farmland consolidation, overuse of herbicides and insecticides, and abandonment of rice cultivation, is now threatening the agromyzid species associated with these bryophytes.Some species  are associated with Conocephalum; they differed in the armaments of tubercle-like setae, especially the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb and the position of the long tubercle-like seta on the inner-lateral surface of the epandrium  and they had various armaments of uniquely elongated/curved arms on the inner surface of the epandrium (Figs The liverwort-associated Phytoliriomyza species on the same host bryophytes can often be discriminated by the combined color patterns of the following external body parts: antenna, maxillary pulp, haltere, scutum, scutellum, and legs (Table In addition to male genitalia, these gs Table . These r