AbstractMelanopsidae. It includes nomenclaturally valid names, as well as junior homonyms, junior objective synonyms, nomina nuda, common incorrect subsequent spellings, and as far as possible discussion on the current status in taxonomy. The catalogue encompasses three family-group names, 79 genus-group names, and 1381 species-group names. All of them are given in their original combination and spelling (except mandatory corrections requested by the Code), along with their original source. For each family- and genus-group name, the original classification and the type genus and type species, respectively, are given. Data provided for species-group taxa are type locality, type horizon (for fossil taxa), and type specimens, as far as available.This nomenclator provides details on all published names in the family-, genus-, and species-group, as well as for a few infrasubspecific names introduced for, or attributed to, the family  Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) is one of the most diverse groups of non-marine gastropods in Earth history . To facilitate comparison, the general outline of the present work follows the excellent nomenclator of Valvatidae by A comprehensive annotated list of melanopsid names is, however, entirely missing. This catalogue presents information for all published names in the family-, genus- and species-group, as well as for a few infrasubspecific names. Discussed are nomenclaturally valid, invalid  and unavailable names , following the rules of the fourth edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , incorporating later added amendments , originally introduced as subfamily of the “Melaniidae” .Melanopsidae by Considered a junior synonym of the Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeStarobogatov in Starobogatov et al., 1992Melanopsidae.Subfamily of PageBreakFagotia Bourguignat, 1884.Melanopsidae by Considered a junior synonym of the Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeH. Adams & A. Adams, 1854Melaniidae.Subfamily of Melanopsis Férussac in Férussac & Férussac, 1807.In the following list, not all genus-group names are accompanied by a type species. Especially Bourguignat, who introduced the greatest number of melanopsid (sub)genera, rarely designated type species. Before 1931, a type species fixation was not a requirement for being available . Original classifications of genus-level taxa are omitted for genera that were introduced without clear family classification. Purely fossil genera are marked by a dagger.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Microcolpia.Subgenus of Melanopsisacicularis. If originally or subsequently designated as type species, Aciculariana would be an objective synonym of Microcolpia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Fagotia.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeP. Fischer, 1885[invalid]Melania.Subgenus of Melaniaholandrii Pfeiffer, 1828, by original designation.Melanella Swainson, 1840, non Bowdich, 1822. Junior objective synonym of Holandriana Bourguignat, 1884, with the same type species.Replacement name for PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGistel, 1848[invalid]Melanopsis Férussac in Férussac & Férussac, 1807.Unnecessary substitute name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1920[invalid]Melanopsidae.Genus of Buccinumfossile Gmelin, 1791, by typification of replaced name.† Pannonia Pallary, 1916, wrongly assumed by Pannona Lörenthey, 1902, and in fact a junior homonym of Pannonia Dollfus, 1912.Established as a replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cossmann, 1909Melanopsis.Section of Melanoptychiaparadoxa Brusina, 1892, by original designation.† Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGermain, 1934[unavailable]Melanopsidae.Genus of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Stefanescu, 1896Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsisbergeroni Stefanescu, 1896, by monotypy.† Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sandberger, 1870Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsisgalloprovincialis Mathéron, 1843, by monotypy.† Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Swainson, 1840Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823, by subsequent designation by † Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1877Melanopsis.Subgenus of Murexcariosus Linnaeus, 1767, by original designation.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGistel, 1848[invalid]Melanopsis Férussac in Férussac & Férussac, 1807.Unnecessary substitute name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePageBreakBourguignat, 1884 Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsiscoupha Bourguignat, 1884, by monotypy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]Melanella.Subgenus of Crassiana Servain, 1882 .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Starobogatov & Anistratenko in Anistratenko, 1993Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsiscylindrica Anistratenko, 1993, by original designation.† Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1877Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsisesperi Férussac, 1823, by original designation.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]Fagotia.Subgenus of Melanopsisesperi Férussac, 1823, by subsequent designation by Melanopsisesperi was the type species by monotypy, but 22 nominal species were originally included in Fagotia. Junior objective synonym of Esperiana.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanella.Subgenus of Melanellafagotiana Bourguignat, 1884, by tautonymy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cossmann, 1889[invalid]Melanopsispygmaea Hörnes, 1856, by original designation.† Homalia Handmann, 1887, which Homala Schumacher” .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanella.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]Fagotia.Subgenus of Letourneuxiana, one for Fagotia, one for Melanella and one for Melanopsis. All are junior homonyms of Letourneuxiana Silva e Castro, 1883 (Unionidae).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]Melanella.Subgenus of Letourneuxiana Silva e Castro, 1883 (Unionidae).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsisletourneuxi Bourguignat, 1884, by monotypy.Letourneuxiana Silva e Castro, 1883 (Unionidae).Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Fagotia.Subgenus of Fagotialocardiana Bourguignat, 1884, by tautonymy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsislortetiana Locard, 1883, by tautonymy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeH. Adams & A. Adams, 1854Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsisdufourii Férussac, 1822, by subsequent designation by Lyrcaea” as mentioned in “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sandberger, 1872[invalid]Melanopsis.Subgenus of Macrospira Guilding in Swainson, 1840. Stilospirula as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887[invalid]Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsismartiniana Férussac, 1823 [objective synonym of Melanopsisfossilis ], by subsequent designation by † Martinia M’Coy in M’Coy & Griffith, 1844 (Brachiopoda).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Kollmann, 1984Melanopsidae.Genus of Purpuroideareussi Hörnes, 1856, by original designation.† Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeSwainson, 1840Melanopsis.Subgenus of Briefly described but no species included.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeSwainson, 1840[invalid]Melania.Subgenus of Melanella Bowdich, 1822. Fischer (1885: 701) introduced Amphimelania as replacement name, which is invalid, too, because it is a junior objective synonym of Holandriana, with the same type species.No originally included species. Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeSwainson, 1840Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsis species but no type species was designated.Based on some of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeJ.B.L.d’A. de Férussac in J.B.L. d’A. de Férussac & A.E.J.P.J.F. d’A. de Férussac, 1807Melaniacostata Olivier, 1804, by subsequent designation by Correct authority is denoted on p. xii of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1880Melanopsidae.Genus of Melanoptychiabittneri Neumayr, 1880, by subsequent designation by † Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Andreae, 1893Melanopsidae.Genus of Melanopsisaetolica Neumayr, 1876, by subsequent designation by † The name is not available from Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cossmann, 1909[invalid]Melanosteira Andreae, 1893.Unjustified emendation and therefore junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[unavailable]Melanopsis.Subgenus of Unavailable because no type species was designated (Art. 13.3).PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melaniidae .Genus of Melanopsisacicularis Férussac, 1823, by subsequent designation by Microcalpia” as mentioned in Fischer (1886: 705) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.“Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsismingrelica Mousson, 1863, by subsequent designation by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsismyosotidaea Bourguignat, 1884, by monotypy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsisnodosa Férussac, 1822, by monotypy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeFinlay, 1926Zemelanopsis.Subgenus of PageBreakMelanopsiswaitaraensis Marwick, 1926, by original designation.Coptochetuszelandicus Marshall, 1918 , in this subgenus. That species is, however, not a Melanopsidae but belongs to the marine genus Exilia Conrad, 1860 after Pakaurangia with the marine deep-water genus Calliotectum (Volutidae).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916[invalid]Melanopsis.Subgenus of Buccinumfossile Gmelin, 1791, by original designation.† Martinia Handmann, 1887, non M’Coy in M’Coy & Griffith, 1844. Junior homonym of Pannonia Dollfus, 1912 (see Battistiana).Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsisparreyssi Philippi, 1847, by monotypy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Microcolpia.Subgenus of Melanopsispotamactebia Bourguignat, 1870, by subsequent designation by PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Microcolpia.Subgenus of Microcolpiapraeclara Bourguignat, 1884, by monotypy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1877Melanopsis.Subgenus of Buccinumpraemorsum Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeNevill, 1884[invalid]Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsisesperi Férussac, 1823, by original designation.Esperiana Bourguignat, 1876, with the same type species.Junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Anistratenko, 1993Fagotiinae.Genus of Pseudofagotialineata Anistratenko, 1993, by original designation.† Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Microcolpia.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007Fagotia.Subgenus of Fagotia (Sasykiana) plena Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007, by original designation.† PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Microcolpia.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanopsis.Subgenus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeIzzatullaev & Starobogatov, 1984Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsissistanica Izzatullaev & Starobogatov, 1984, by original designation.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeTournouër, 1882Melanopsinae.Genus of Melanopsisthomasi Tournouër, 1877, by original designation.† PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Melanella.Subgenus of Melanellaspeciosa Bourguignat, 1884, by monotypy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cossmann, 1909Melanopsis.Subgenus of Melanopsisaustriaca Handmann, 1882, by original designation.† Hyphantria Handmann, 1887, non Harris, 1841 (Lepidoptera).Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Rovereto, 1899Melaniidae”.Genus of “Melanopsisproboscidea Deshayes, 1862, by subsequent designation by Stylospirula”).† Macrospira Sandberger, 1872, non Guilding in Swainson, 1840.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cossmann, 1899[invalid]Stilospirula Rovereto, 1899.Unjustified emendation and therefore junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Anistratenko, 1993Fagotiinae.Genus of Turriponticaaciculina Anistratenko, 1993, by original designation.† PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Microcolpia.Subgenus of Microcolpiavilleserriana Bourguignat, 1884, by tautonymy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeFinlay, 1926Melanopsistrifasciata Gray, 1843, by original designation.Melanopsidae. The catalogue includes taxa initially described in this family and subsequently classified in other families and vice versa. It comprises a total of 1381 names, of which 71 are unavailable (mostly nomina nuda), 252 are available but invalid (junior homonyms and junior objective synonyms) and 15 are unresolved (requiring the action of a First Reviser).The number of living melanopsid species-group taxa accepted in taxonomy today ranges between 25 and 50 ; the IUCMelanopsidae but classified therein previously. In the 19th century, many species introduced in the group that nowadays is understood as the family Melanopsidae, especially regarding varieties of Holandrianaholandrii , have been classified within the genus Melania Lamarck, 1799 , only such Melania species-group taxa attributed to the Holandrianaholandrii species-complex, or those that have been claimed to be related to that group, are included herein. Further taxa that are not included are: species introduced within the genera Faunus Montfort, 1810, Hemisinus Swainson, 1840, Dicolpus Philippi, 1887 , Loxotrema Gabb, 1868, and Boggsia Olsson, 1929 that have been occasionally classified in the Melanopsidae  species described by Bulliopsisintegra Conrad, 1862, Bulliopsismarylandica Conrad, 1862, and Bulliopsisquadrata Conrad, 1830) that he later considered melanopsids  which was considered a subfamily of Melanopsidae by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) but probably does not belong there; species introduced in the genus Coptostylus Sandberger, 1872, which has occasionally been classified within the Melanopsidae, but is currently assigned to the Thiaridae , the Global Names Index  and the Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base (http://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/WMSDhome.htm). However, many names listed in those online repositories are obvious misspellings deriving from automatic digitization procedures that have not been critically reviewed , so we can assume the same for plate 1. However, the exact wording of the original captions of 1822 needs to be seen in the future, in order to finally ascertain the availability of the associated names. A different problem appears for plate 2. While the year of publication of the species illustrated there is undoubtedly 1823, the original publication itself is uncertain – either the livraison 21 of the “Histoire naturelle” [27 September 1823] or the “Monographie” [exact date unknown]. This matter could unfortunately not be solved.To increase confusion, there is a disagreement between the original captions provided by Férussac and the ones supplied by Deshayes with livraison 29 in 1839  Antiquua” [sic] (antiqua = old). If it had been introduced as a distinct taxon, the name would have been invalid as an objective junior synonym of Melanopsisfusiformis Sowerby, 1822, which Férussac listed in synonymy.The variety a” [sic] : 149 posinflata, elongata) in the captions of plate 1 of the “Mélanopsides fossiles”, ranked below var. γ [“Antiquua”]. In the monograph (1823) they are clearly marked with “nobis”. If “antiquua” [= fusiformis] was considered as a distinct taxon, these names would be of infrasubspecfic rank, which is not governed by the Code. Both names would have nonetheless become PageBreakPageBreakavailable as species-group names after Art. 45.6.4.1 at least from Férussac (1822) also introduced two additional names  and Latin descriptions and sometimes marked with “Nob.”. In his 1828-work he attributed the Latin terms minor and major to varieties of two different species. Apparently, most of these terms were meant as keywords rather than real names. This becomes obvious also from Melanopsisgibbosula for specimens treated as “var. b. minor” in A similar problem as for Férussac’s monograph appears in works by In order to bring stability to the problem, I propose to use only the Latin terms marked by Grateloup with “Nob.” as available names.The works by Bourguignat and Pallary between 1853 and 1939 extended the list of melanopsid names enormously Figure. Nonetheminor and major, often several times for different species within the very same work. Pallary apparently considered some of the variety names he introduced as self-explanatory  and left them undescribed  would all become included by the Code in the species group, with the Principle of Homonymy applying throughout. Both malacologists introduced many varieties, such as PageBreakvalid names but rather as descriptive terms to fit existing species into his morphological concept , type and height of the spire (“modus”) and coloration (“coloratus”). None of the names used by Starmühlner are available in nomenclature because they were introduced after 1961 and are of infrasubspecific rank (Art. 10.2). They are not included in this catalogus.PageBreakfrom that person (Art. 50.1.1). In such cases, the notation is given in accordance with Recommendation 51E. Information on type locality, type horizon (for fossils only) and type specimens are indicated as far as available. The exact spelling or phrase (given in quotes) provided for the type locality in the original source is denoted, along with an English translation if required. If the localities have been indicated indirectly , the phrase is given in square brackets. Old locality names have been matched with today’s geographic names as far as possible, mostly using the GeoNames geographical database (http://www.geonames.org/v3/). Places that could not be found on the map or where the matched name is uncertain are marked by a postposed question mark in the translation.The catalogue lists all names in alphabetical order in the original spelling and combination, with the necessary amendments required by the Code. The status of taxa that are invalid, unavailable or unresolved is denoted in square brackets after the taxon name; those without status declaration are available and nomenclaturally valid, irrespective of their taxonomic status. The first description, or alternatively the basis of record for unavailable names, is always indicated. Taxa solely found as fossils are marked by a dagger. Taxon authorities attributed to a person other than one of the authors in the original source are only accepted as such if there is clear evidence that the description derived Note that Information on type horizons follows the most recent age classifications found in the literature e.g., . MiloševThe following list of species-group names comprises several recurrent nomenclatural issues. In order to save space, to avoid multiple elaborate repetitions of the same rules, and to prevent that the reader needs to consult the Code constantly, I refer in text to two nomenclatural notes which are defined as follows:Note 1: Because of the Principle of Coordination (Art. 46), homonymy in the species-group does not depend on a taxon’s original rank in the species-group. This also PageBreakencompasses variety and forma names published before 1961 (Art. 10.2). Many authors have been unaware that species names can constitute junior homonyms of subspecies, variety or forma names. Only in the case of simultaneously published names the taxon of higher rank takes precedence (Art. 24.1).Note 2: Several names of Melanopsidae first occurred in synonymy lists of other names  [10 minutes north of the station Djisr et-Medjâmi ], Israel.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Cernikian, Pliocene.“Podvinje (Čaplja) [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod]; Novska; Farkašić”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 89) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 3717-1357/1.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916[invalid]Middle Lutetian, Eocene.“Au Nord d’Albas” : 204, FrMelanopsisbrevis Doncieux, 1908, non Sowerby, 1826. Junior homonym of Melanopsisabbreviata Brusina, 1874 .Replacement name for PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Calvert & Neumayr, 1880Late Sarmatian, Khersonian, late Miocene.“Renkiöi” [north of İntepe], Turkey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“‘Ain Arouss” , Syria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “Handmann” mentioned in Fischer [unavailable]Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Nomen nudum, based on an “in schedis” determination by Handmann .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeFérussac, 1823“La rivière de Laybach. [...] Les eaux thermales de Weslau, près de Vienne. [...] Le Danube, à Wissegrad et à Bude. [...] de l’île de Wight” , Slovenia.Melanopsissubulata Sowerby, 1822 (regarding the specimen of the Isle of Wight) and Melanopsisdaudebartii [Prevost], 1821 , which Férussac considered varieties of Melanopsisacicularis and listed in synonymy. Currently considered as a junior synonym or subspecies of Microcolpiadaudebartii [Prevost], 1821, respectively .PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Anistratenko, 1993Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Окр. с. Мокви, Очамчирский р-н” , Georgia.Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev; no number indicated.Turripontica Anistratenko, 1993.Type species of the genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fontannes, 1884Early Rupelian, Oligocene.“Barjac, Roméjac, Avéjan, Saint-Jean-de-Maruéjols, Célas, Issirac, Galès, près de Montclus (Gard)”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans la rivière au-dessous de Krapina-Toeplitz, en Croatie” [in the river below Krapinske toplice], Croatia.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gümbel, 1861Chattian, Oligocene.“In der oberen Leizach, an der Schlierach, im Sulzgraben, bei Pensberg, Rimselrain, im Höllbache, am hohen Peissenberge” , Germany.Gümbel attributed the authority to Sandberger, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882[invalid]Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.PageBreakMelanopsisacuminata Gümbel, 1861. Not included in the Fossilium Catalogus of Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Le Jourdain, à 4 kilomètres au-dessus de la Mer Morte” , Israel/Jordan.Melanopsisacuminata Gümbel, 1861.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1901[invalid]Plio-Pleistocene.“Du puits Karoubi” [from the well Karoubi], Algeria.Melanopsisacuminata Gümbel, 1861. Melanopsispallaryi as replacement name .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Seninski, 1905[invalid]Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Моквинскіе пласты, р. Дуабъ” [Mokvi layers at Duab river], Georgia.Melanopsisacuminata Gümbel, 1861. Melanopsisseninskii as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans l’aqueduc de la Palafanga, près Almazora (Espagne), aux environs de Mascara (Algérie)” .PageBreakMelanopsisdufourei [sic] graellsii sensu Rossmässler, 1854 and Melanopsismaroccana sensu Paladilhe, 1875 as well as a part of the material of the variety Melanopsismaroccanasubgraellsiana Bourguignat, 1864. He apparently overlooked that Melanopsismaroccana but had introduced the new variety Melanopsismaroccanazonatosubcostata. Since there was never a holotype or lectotype defined, the name acutespira comprises the syntypes of all three works; it remains nomenclaturally valid as name for the two specimens illustrated by Rossmässler (1854) and Bourguignat introduced this species for formerly misidentified Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1871“Bélep (île Art)” , New Caledonia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Dans un bassin entre le Mellah et le pont; vers Dar Mahrès; [...] Bahlil (28 kil. au sud de Fès)” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1912“Dans les seguias des oasis du Touat, spécialement dans celles de l’Adrar” , Algeria.adparensis” on p. 16, but “adrarensis” in plate captions. Since Pallary clearly denoted it from the locality Adrar, the name must be “adrarensis” (Art. 32.5.1).Given as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Tournouër, 1875Phoka to Elia Formation, Plio-Pleistocene.“[Prope vicum Antimaki et prope civitatem Cos], in loco Hagios-Foukas” , Greece.aegaea” as mentioned in The name “PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Blanckenhorn, 1901Pleistocene.“In der Fossilienbank an der Tewfik-Moschee bei Kairo. [...] Wadi Urag, Sanur, Moschasch, Raijade” , Egypt.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1876Gelasian, early Pleistocene.“Stamna, nordwestlich von Missolunghi” , Greece.The name became available from Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisaffinis Férussac” and introduced Melanopsissubaffinis as replacement name. “Melanopsisaffinis Férussac” is, however, not an available name (see below) and Melanopsissubaffinis is thus a junior objective synonym of Melanopsisaffinis Handmann, 1882. Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916[invalid]Late Villafranchian, early Pleistocene.PageBreak“D’Italie” , and made the name thereby available. The illustrated specimen is, however, the holotype (by monotypy) of Melanopsisnodosa Férussac, 1822  brook near Ljubljana], Slovenia.Melaniaholandrilaevigata. It was made available at least by Introduced in synonymy of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pantanelli, 1886Tortonian–early Messinian, late Miocene.“S. Valentino e S. Agata” [San Valentino and Sant’Agata Fossili], Italy.Melanopsisnarzolina d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePfeiffer, 1828PageBreak“In der Muhr” [in the river Mur], Austria or Slovenia.aequata” as mentioned in Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority incorrectly as “Bourguignat, 1877”. The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rivière près Zenica, en Bosnie” [river near Zenica], Bosnia and Herzegovina.Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Bourguignat (1884: 83)[unavailable]Not indicated.Melanopsislaevigata, perhaps referring to an unused manuscript name. Probably the name was intended as “agoraea”, but the ligature was mixed up during typesetting.Nomen nudum: Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeAhuir Galindo, 2014“Around Guefait, at the Northeastern of Morocco”, Morocco.Museo Malacologico di Cupra Marittima, Italy; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Tausch, 1886Late Santonian–early Campanian, late Cretaceous.“Csingerthal bei Ajka” [Csinger valley near Ajka], Hungary.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1919[invalid]Middle Lutetian, Eocene.“Au Nord d’Albas” : 204, FrMelanopsisnodosa Doncieux, 1908, non Férussac, 1822, for which PageBreakintroduced Melanopsisdoncieuxi as replacement name. Thus, Melanopsisalbasensis is a junior objective synonym of Melanopsisdoncieuxi Pallary, 1916.Introduced as replacement name for the junior homonym Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]Melanopsisalepi Bourguignat, 1884.Unjustified emendation and therefore junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Environs d’Alep” [surroundings of Aleppo], Syria.Melanopsiscostata .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1904“Oran; [...] Mostaghanem” , but Melania is feminine.Originally the gender was incorrectly given as neutrum ” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fontannes, 1887Early Cernikian, early Pliocene.“Caprenu, val. Amaradii (Jud. Gorjiu)” [Căpreni], Romania.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “Gaudry, 1862” mentioned in Neumayr (1869: 372)[unavailable]Pliocene?Not indicated.Melanopsisanceps Gaudry & P. Fischer in Gaudry, 1867.Status unclear: the name was mentioned in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“La Save à Sissek, en Slavonie” [in the Sava river near Sisak in Slavonia], Croatia.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†White, 1883Laramie Group, Cretaceous.“Valley of South Platte River, Northeastern Colorado”, United States.Melanopsidae.Probably not a Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]Melanopsisammonis Tristram, 1865.Unjustified emendation and therefore junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeTristram, 1865“Streams at Heshbon and Ammon, east of Jordan”, Jordan.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Azpeitia Moros [unavailable]“Pedroche (arroyo de), en el partido judicial de Pozoblanco (Córdoba)” , Spain.Melanopsisetrusca (see Art. 11.6).Based on a manuscript name from Hidalgo and introduced in synonymy of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Oppenheim, 1890Ronca Beds, Bartonian, Eocene.“Lovara di Tressino, Monte Pulli, Mussolon” , Italy.Melanopsisvicentina Oppenheim, 1890.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1920Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Sulzlacke bei Margarethen nächst Oedenburg [...]. Tinnye bei Ofen” : 20 .This name, published in November 1920, is a junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rivières près Ismidt (Anatolie)” [rivers near İzmit], Turkey.Fagotia [= Esperiana] gallandi Bourguignat, 1884.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1880”. PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gaudry & P. Fischer in Gaudry, 1867Pliocene.“Mégare” (p. 444), Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans la Save au-dessous d’Agram, dans la rivière de Krapina (Croatie); enfin, dans le lac Sabandja près d’Ismidt (Anatolie)” .Fagotia [= Esperiana] esperi .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deshayes, 1825Cuisian, late Ypresian, Eocene.“Les environs de Meaux” [surroundings of Meaux], France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1923“Dans l’Ain-Touagha, à Fatnassa dans le Nefzaoua” [Ain Touagha (?) at Fatnassa in Nefzaoua], Tunisia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1885Spaniodon Beds, Karaganian, middle Miocene.“Лопушны” : 4 , Bosnia and Herzegovina.PageBreakThe type material, with all specimens studied by Neumayr (1880), is lost. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a” : 561, AuMelanopsisfusiformis Handmann, 1882, non Sowerby, 1822. Melanopsishaueri Handmann, 1882.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Taner, 1997Early Romanian, Pliocene.“Südöstlich vom Hügel Başaltı, 2,2 km W Musaköy, 15 km NE Çanakkale, W-Anatolien” , Turkey.Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 1996/0053/0001.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Окр. с. Мокви, Очамчирский р-н” : 69 , France.antediluviana” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Late Villafranchian, Pleistocene.“D’Italie” ” , Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Schütt in Schütt & Ortal, 1993Pleistocene, Mindel glacial epoch.“Galilee, ‘Ubeidiya [El ‘Ubeidīya], 3 km SE of the Sea of Galilee”, Israel.Paleontology Collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans les Seguia des jardins de Miliana, premier ksar au nord de l’oasis d’Insalah, dans le Sahara” , Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Grateloup, 1838Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Dax; Mandillot, à Saint-Paul”, France.Melanopsismajor Férussac, 1823”, which is not an available name.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Burdigalian, early Miocene.PageBreak“Dax, St-Paul, Mandillot” .Melanopsissimulata as replacement name for the “junior homonym” Melanopsisarcuata Brusina, 1878, non Matheron, 1842, which is not available name but an incorrect subsequent spelling of Melanopsisarmata Matheron, 1842.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Matheron, 1842Calcaire de Rognac, Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.“Rognac et St. Victoret”, France.arcuata” as mentioned in Melanopsisarcuata Brusina, 1897 a junior homonym and introduced the replacement name Melanopsissimulata (junior objective synonym). Paludomus Swainson, 1840 . After Cosinia Stache, 1880 .The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“‘Ain Arouss” , Syria.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Early Langhian, middle Miocene.“Zvezdanski ključ” [village Zvezdan], Serbia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2503-149/1-3 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Lac Sabandja” [Lake Sapanca], Turkey.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1880”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Lac Sabandja, près d’Ismidt (Anatolie)” [Lake Sapanca near İzmit], Turkey.Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeIzzatullaev & Starobogatov, 1984“Ашхабад, горные быстро текущие ручьи - Ферюза, Гули и др.” , Turkmenistan.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jodot, 1965[unavailable]Quaternary.“Oued Assaka” [Oued Asaca], Morocco.Unavailable for two reasons: First, the original work lacks a verbal description of the taxon which is required for names published after 1930 (Art. 13.1.1). Second, the taxon was introduced after 1961 as “forma” which is deemed to be infrasubspecific after Art. 15.2.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1897Cernikian, Pliocene.“Malino”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 86) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 3000-646.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1876Early Langhian, middle Miocene.Originally given as “Sinj” and later specified as “Župića potok” in Milan et al. (1974: 86) stated that Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGambetta, 1929“Stampalia” [Astypalaia Island], Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1928Lutetian, Eocene.“Au Nord d’Albas” : 204, FrMelanopsisdoncieuxi Wenz, 1919, non Pallary, 1916, which in turn was introduced as replacement name for Melanopsisbrevis Doncieux, 1908, non Sowerby, 1826 .Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Șoverth, 1953Romanian, Pliocene–early Pleistocene.“Hurezanii-de-Sus - Hurezanii-de-jos”, Romania.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans deux ou trois sources de la plaine de Jéricho (Syrie)” [in two or three sources of the plain of Jericho], Palestine.Melanopsissaulcyi Bourguignat, 1853.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“D’Acharné, sur l’Oronte, entre Hama et Kalâat el Moudik” , Syria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† ?Sowerby in Fitton, 1836Weald Clay, early Cretaceous.“Punfield”, United Kingdom.Goniobasis Lea, 1862 (Pleuroceridae).After Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1912[invalid]“Des bords du Chott Djerid, à Tozeur” [banks of the Chott el Djérid at Tozeur], Tunisia.Melanopsisattenuata Sowerby in Fitton, 1836.Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920[invalid]“Tétouan”, Morocco.Melanopsisattenuata Sowerby in Fitton, 1836.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1874“Bourail et Nékété” [Bourail and Nakéty], New Caledonia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsishaueri Handmann, 1882.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sandberger, 1870Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.“Auzas”, France.Plate 5 of Sandberger’s monograph was issued in 1870, while the description on p. 110 appeared in 1871 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fuchs, 1873[invalid]Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Sulzlacke bei Margarethen nächst Oedenburg [...]. Tinnye bei Ofen” .Melanopsisavellana Sandberger, 1870. Melanopsisampla as replacement name.Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeAzpeitia Moros, 1929“Del río Mundo, cerca de Ayna (Albacete)” , Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Oppenheim, 1892Late Santonian–early Campanian, late Cretaceous.“Csingerthal”  [near Ajka], Hungary.Melanopsisajkaensis Tausch, 1886.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cossmann, 1909Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Vörös-Bereny im Hohlweg nächst des Füzfö-major und in Kenese [...] Fonyód; [...] Szt-György-hegy in Hegymagyos” : 49 , Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944[invalid]Early Pannonian, late Miocene.“Turislav-Tal bei Soceni” [Turislav valley near Soceni], Romania.Melanopsisbanatica Jekelius, 1944 (same work). Melanopsisbanatica (since Melanoptychia is considered as a synonym of Melanopsis).Junior secondary homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeSchütt, 1988Unclear: Schütt referred to two different localities: “Wasserfall 1 km oberhalb der Straßenbrücke Jerash - Amman über den Zarqa” (p. 216) [waterfall 1 km above the bridge over the Zarqā’ along the road Jerash to Amman] and “Fluß Zerqa bei der alten Brücke am King Talal-See” (p. 219) [Zarqā’ river at the old bridge at the King Talal Dam], Jordan.Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 85.544.Melanopsissaulcyi Bourguignat, 1853.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Kúp”, Hungary.Milan et al. (1974: 87) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2527-173.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1911“Tout près d’Oudjda, à 4 kilom. S.-E., sourdent les belles sources de Sidi-Yahia qui alimentent une véritable oasis, puis la ville d’Oudjda, et vont finalement se déverser dans l’oued Isly” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bandel, 2000Late Pannonian, late Miocene.“Sand pit near Papkesi [Papkeszi]”, Hungary.Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum University of Hamburg, coll. no. 4268.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Capellini, 1873Messinian, late Miocene.“Sterza di Laiatico”, Italy.bartolini” as mentioned in Ligios et al. (2012: 358) is an incorrect subsequent spelling.Illustration not on pl. 7 as indicated by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1933“L’Oued Bou Regreg, au pont des Seouls” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Villatte, 1952Campanian, Cretaceous.“Bélesta (Ariège)”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Ruisseau d’eau chaude à Ouargla (prov. de Constantine) et eaux thermales du Djérid, au nord du chott Tiraoun (sud de la Tunisie)” .belonidoea” on p. 110 but “belonidaea” on p. 75. Apparently, the spelling on p. 110 is based on a typesetting mistake regarding the ligature (“œ” instead of “æ”). Letourneux & Bourguignat (1887) acted as First Reviser sensu Art. 24.2.2, giving the name as “belonidaea”. The spellings “balonidaea” mentioned in belonidae” given in Multiple spellings occur in the original work: “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Du Bélus, près de Saint-Jean-d’Acre (Syrie)” , Israel.PageBreakMelanopsiscostata . Melanopsislampra Bourguignat, 1884.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGermain, 1921[invalid]Melanopsisbelusi Bourguignat, 1884.Unjustified emendation and therefore junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Stefanescu, 1896Sienisian to Pelendavian, Pliocene.“À Gura-Motrului et à Bocovatz, dans la vallée de Jiu” , Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1911“Près du village de Berkane, à la lisière Sud-Ouest de la plaine des Triffas, tout au Nord des Beni-Znassen, [...] source connue sous le nom berbère d’Aoûllout” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Le Danube à Ibraila; la Save entre Agram et Sissek” .Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1880”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Le Danube près Ibraila” [Danube river at Brăila], Romania.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]“De Béni Mellal; de l’oued Daï” , Morocco.Melanopsistextilisbicarinata Handmann, 1882 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Schréter, 1975[invalid]Riss/Würm end to early Würm Ice Age, Pleistocene.“Eger, az egri vár Zárkándy bástyájának átmetszése” , Hungary.Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet , Budapest; no number indicated.Melanopsistextilisbicarinata Handmann, 1882 (see Note 1). Melanopsisdoboi to the genus Microcolpia.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Blanckenhorn, 1897Plio-Pleistocene.“In der zweiten Thonbank des linken Orontesufers und der ersten und zweiten des rechten Ufers” [in the second clay bank at the left riverside of the Orontes and the first and second bank of the right riverside], Syria?Introduced as “n. mut.” but clearly as a binomen and hence not infrasubspecific in the sense of ICZN Art. 45.6.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.PageBreak“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePaetel, 1888“W. of Shiraz” : 209, IrOriginally introduced as infrasubspecific taxon (“subvariety”) by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1884Early Langhian, middle Miocene.“Stuparuša” (p. 47) [near Sinj], Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 87) stated that Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[unresolved]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai   : 125.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[unresolved]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai   : 125.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[unresolved]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai   : 125.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Brusina (1903: 114)[unavailable]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Nomen nudum (Brusina apparently considered the term self-explanatory). Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeClessin, 1890“In der warmen Quelle bei Robogany im Bihargebirge in Ungarn” [in the thermal spring near Răbăgani in the Bihar Mts], Romania.Based on an “in schedis” name from Hazay.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMoricand, 1841“Rio de Pedra Branca, procince de Bahia” , Brazil.Verena by Adams and Adams (1854) (Thiaridae), of which Melanopsiscrenocarinata is the type species  [Livanates], Greece.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1880[invalid]Langhian, middle Miocene.“Žepj” [Džepi], Bosnia and Herzegovina.Melanoptychia as a junior synonym of Melanopsis and this species as a junior secondary homonym of Melanopsisbittneri Fuchs, 1877. They introduced Melanopsismedinae as replacement name .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902[invalid]Langhian, middle Miocene.“Džepe” [Džepi], Bosnia and Herzegovina.Melanopsisbittneri Fuchs, 1877. Melanopsiscvijici Brusina, 1902.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1892Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 100) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen actually derives from the original type series and whether it was the only specimen Brusina had at hand. The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2539-185.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1929Pleistocene.“Dans le lac d’Antioche, dans l’oued Baradah près Aïn Fidji, et dans l’Aïn Plaça, fontaine de la plaine du Bahr-el-Houlé” : 82 Plio-Pleistocene.“Höhere Lage am westlichen Orontes-Ufer 12 km S Ǧisr aš-Šugur” , Syria.Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, coll. no. SMF 307206.Melanopsisblanckenhorni Wenz, 1929. Melanopsiscostata .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Schenk, 1969Late Santonian to early Campanian, late Cretaceous.“Zöttbachalm bei Brandenberg, Tirol” , Austria.Purpuroidea Lycett, 1848 (Purpuroideidae), but considered as a junior synonym of the melanopsid Megalonodaspiniger  by The species was originally attributed to the marine genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePaladilhe, 1874“Environs d’Oran” [surroundings of Oran], Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Porumbaru, 1881Early Romanian, Pliocene.“Bucovatzu” [Bucovăț], Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Tausch, 1886PageBreakLate Santonian–early Campanian, late Cretaceous.“Csingerthal bei Ajka” [Csinger valley near Ajka], Hungary.Melanopsisajkaensis Tausch, 1886.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Klika, 1891Oligocene.“Wärzen; [...] Tuchořic” , Czech Republic.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Oppenheim, 1891[invalid]Plio-Pleistocene.“Preveza in Epirus”, Greece.Melanopsisboettgeri Klika, 1891. Melanopsisconemenosianavar.turritella as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902[invalid]Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Radmanest” [Rădmănești], Romania.The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated .Melanopsisboettgeri Klika, 1891. Melanopsisdelicata as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Halaváts, 1903[invalid]Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Vörös-Bereny im Hohlweg nächst des Füzfö-major und in Kenese [...] Fonyód; [...] Szt-György-hegy in Hegymagyos” , Hungary.Melanopsisboettgeri Klika, 1891. Canthidomusbalatonensis as replacement name.Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Environs de Lorca, en Espagne” [surroundings of Lorca], Spain.bofolliana” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1892Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec”, Croatia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2538-184/1-3 .bogdanovi” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Gassies” mentioned in Paetel (1888: 399) and Pallary (1926a: 76)[unavailable]“Bondé”, New Caledonia.Bulimusbondeensis” from the same locality, which Melanopsis species.Nomen nudum, found only in species lists by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Manzoni, 1870Late Miocene to Pliocene.“Mte. Gibio nel Modanese ed a St. Agata nel Tortonese; [...] a Sogliano” , Italy.Melanopsisbonellii Sismonda”. The name is not available from Melanopsiscarinata non Sowerby) in the unpublished museum catalogue of Melanopsismartiniana], as well as more elongate, but they have the characteristic marginal bulge and the typical keel below the suture”). Following Art. 12.1, every PageBreakname [...] must be accompanied by a description or a definition of the taxon that it denotes [...], which is not the case for the mentioning of Melanopsisbonellii in In the old literature the name appears frequently as “bonelli” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeServain, 1884“Migliaska” [Miljacka river near Sarajevo], Bosnia and Herzegovina.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Férussac, 1823Pannonian, late Miocene.“Près de Bisentz, dans la vallée de la Marsch, en Moravie; [...] près de Scharditz” , Czech Republic.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans la rivière de Krapina et dans celle entre Plaski et Ostaria, en Croatie” [in the Krapina river and that between Plaški and Oštarije], Croatia.Fagotia [= Esperiana] esperi .Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Letourneux, 1884”, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rivière d’Ogulin (Croatie); la Save, à Sissek (Slavonie)” , Croatia.PageBreakBourguignat denoted the authority as “Letourneux, 1879”, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary in Germain, 1921“Le Nahr ez Zaïr (Liban)” [locality not found], Lebanon.Melanopsislampra Bourguignat, 1884.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1936“Aïn Akseri Ifesfassen à Imouzer d’Agadir” [Aïn Akseri Ifesfassen at Imouzzer near Agadir], Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1880Pannonian, late Miocene.“Posušje”, Bosnia and Herzegovina.brachyptychia” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMoricand, 1838“Près de Villa de Barra” , Brazil.Hemisinus Swainson, 1840 (Thiaridae) (Currently considered to belong in the genus iaridae) : 244.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875Cernikian, Pliocene.PageBreaktrench near Slavonski Brod; Čaplja; Gromačnik; roadside ditch between Gromačnik and Sibinj; Ciglenik], Croatia.“Graben hinter der Kirche von Podwin; [...] Graben zwischen der Čapla und Podwin; [...] Čapla; [...] Gromačnik; [...] Strassengraben zwischen Gromačnik und Sibin; [...] Cigelnik” , Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1918“Agouraï, Aïn Mahrouf” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sowerby, 1826Eocene.“Upon the Hampshire coast”, United Kingdom.Coptostylus Sandberger, 1872 (Thiaridae).After Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeParreyss in Mousson, 1854[invalid]“Dans les eaux de l’ancien Léonthes” [in the Litani river], Lebanon.Melanopsisbrevis Sowerby, 1826. Melanopsismaroccanamedia as replacement name . The authority is clear from the discussion provided in Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMorelet, 1857[invalid]“[Ad Sanctam-Mariam de Balade]” [Balade], New Caledonia.PageBreakMelanopsisbrevis Sowerby, 1826. Melanopsismoreleti as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Doncieux, 1908[invalid]Middle Lutetian, Eocene.“Au Nord d’Albas”, France.Melanopsisbrevis Sowerby, 1826. Melanopsisabbreviata as replacement name, which is itself a junior homonym of Melanopsisabbreviata Brusina, 1874 .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1924[invalid]“Navajas (Castellón), Alcudia, Alberrique, Jativa ” , Spain.Melanopsisbrevis Sowerby, 1826. Not available from Rossmässler (1854), to whom Pallary referred to, because he did not use the term “brevis” to denote a species-group taxon but only cited Melanopsisdufourii.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†[sic] Papp & Thenius, 1952Gelasian, early Pleistocene.Not stated in Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens; no number indicated .brevisesta” is probably a lapsus calami for “brevitesta” (Latin for “short shell”), as used in the re-description by brevisesta” is the correct name following Art. 32.5.1 and “brevitesta” is an incorrect subsequent spelling.Although probably unintentionally, Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Lac de Tibériade” [Sea of Galilee], Israel.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cossmann, 1888Late Danian, Paleocene.“Mons” : 71, BelMelaniabuccinoidea sensu Briart & Cornet, 1873, “non Férussac” .Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Munier-Chalmas, 1897[invalid]Late Danian, Paleocene.“Mons” : 71, BelMelaniabuccinoidea sensu Briart & Cornet, 1873, “non Férussac” . Junior homonym, as well as junior objective synonym of Melanopsisbriarti Cossmann, 1888. Obviously, Munier-Chalmas overlooked that the name had already been introduced for the very same misidentified taxon by Cossmann.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brocchii Michelotti, 1847Michelotti 1847: 189.Late Miocene.“Près de Tortone” [near Tortona], Italy.Ptychomelaniabuccinella Sacco, 1895 (Thiaridae).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Locard, 1883Mammal zone MN 15, Pliocene.“Montgardon”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1880Plio-Pleistocene.“Zwischen Pylle und Antimachia” , Greece.PageBreakMelanopsisbroti” Gassies, 1874, which was actually introduced as Melanopsisbrotiana. The replacement name Melanopsiscosiana Pallary, 1925 is thus invalid as it is a junior objective synonym  (browni” as given by Currently considered to belong in the genus iaridae) : 256. ThTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Lörenthey, 1902Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Tinnye”, Hungary.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944[invalid]Early Pannonian, late Miocene.“Turislav-Tal bei Soceni” [Turislav valley near Soceni], Romania.Melanopsisbrusinai Lörenthey, 1902 , from Syria].Melanopsisbuccinoidea, the species is one of the few stable taxa in melanopsid taxonomy .PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeDrensky, 1947“Познат за сега само от р. Дунав, северно от гр. Лом” , Bulgaria.Amphimelaniaholandri [sic] .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeKobelt, 1879Not indicated, probably in the Middle East.Melaniacostata by Introduced in synonymy of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Magrograssi, 1928Plio-Pleistocene.“Rodi: colline sulla sinistra del fiume Dimilia” [Rhodes island: hills on the left bank of the river Dimilia], Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans l’intérieur de la grotte du Nahr-el-Kelb, près de Beyrouth (Syrie)” [in the cave of Nahr el-Kalb near Beirut], Lebanon.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Sadjour-Sou entre Ain-Taïb et Alep” [at Sadjour-Sou between Gaziantep (Turkey) and Aleppo (Syria)].Melanopsiscostata .PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Voltz, 1852Mammal zone MN 1, early Miocene.“Weisenau”, Germany.Melanopsisfritzei Thomä, 1845.The name appeared first as nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1876Early Langhian, middle Miocene.Originally given as “Sinj” and later specified as “Župića potok” in Milan et al. (1974: 87) stated that Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Le Danube à Ibraïla” [Danube river at Brăila], Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1920Messinian, late Miocene.“Colognole e al casino Cubbe; [...] presso il casino Sant’Andrea sotto Colognole” : 397 , Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisfossilis .The species epithet is a noun in apposition and needs not to agree in gender with the generic name (Art. 31.2.1). Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Stefanescu, 1897Pliocene.“Au ravin de Tura, à Capatzineni; [...] aussi à Salatrucu-Mare” , Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944Early Pannonian, late Miocene.“Turislav-Tal bei Soceni” [Turislav valley near Soceni], Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1927Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.PageBreak“Из Рамаће” [from the village Ramača (near Ripanj)], Serbia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 796 (Milošević 1962: 23).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sowerby, 1826Eocene.“In a well near Newport, Isle of Wight; [...] from Hampstead Cliff to Cowes, and [...] on the opposite Cliffs of Hampshire”, United Kingdom.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1861[invalid]“Dans le Diahot, à Balade; à Jengen, à Kanala, dans les marais et les petits ruisseaux” , New Caledonia.Melanopsiscarinata Sowerby, 1826. Melanopsisducosi as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeIssel, 1865[invalid]“Nel lago di Paleaston presso Poti” [Paliastomi Lake near Poti], Georgia.Melanopsiscarinata Sowerby, 1826.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGentiluomo, 1868[invalid]“Lago dell’Accesa, Toscana”, Italy.Melanopsiscarinata Sowerby, 1826.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[invalid]PageBreakLate Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Melanopsiscarinata Sowerby, 1826. Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Kormos, 1903[invalid]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Püspökfürdő” , Romania.Melanopsismucronifera” as name for the taxon. Both names were simultaneously published and are junior objective synonyms. Since carinata sensu Kormos is a junior homonym of Melanopsiscarinata Sowerby, 1826, Melanopsismucronifera is the valid name of the taxon.Obviously unaware of the fact that variety names are available in nomenclature as species-group names, Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[invalid]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Melanopsisstaubi: Melanopsiscarinata Sowerby, 1826. Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBiggs, 1937[invalid]“From Jelalabad” [Jalalabad], Iran.Melanopsiscarinata Sowerby, 1826.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1889Tortonian–early Messinian, late Miocene.PageBreak“Delle colline tortonesi presso S. Agata” [from the Torino hills near Sant’Agata Fossili], Italy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Oppenheim, 1891Gelasian, early Pleistocene.“Stamna”, Greece.carinato-costata”.Not available from Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePaetel, 1888“Kerman” : 209, IrOriginally introduced as infrasubspecific taxon (“subvariety”) by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLinnaeus, 1767“In Aqaeductu ad Sevillam” [in an aqueduct near Sevilla], Spain.Melanopsiscariosa, the species is one of the few stable taxa in melanopsid taxonomy .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Férussac (1814: 54)[unavailable]Not indicated.Melaniabuccinoidea var. α [= Melaniabuccinoidea ].Nomen nudum. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rivière à Ostaria et à Ogulin (Croatie)” [river at Oštarije and at Ogulin], Croatia.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Noulet, 1854Noulet 1854: 50.Bartonian, Eocene.“À Labruguière; [...] à Augmontel (Tarn)”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“De la Savina” [from the Savinja river], Slovenia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928“Ouakda, à 4 kil. N.-E. de Colomb-Béchar” , Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Guppy, 1866PageBreakLate Miocene.“Cumana”, Venezuela.capula” on p. 580, but as “cepula” in the plate captions. cepula” . Crepitacella (Rissoinidae) with Melanopsiscepula as type species.Given as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Watelet, 1851Cuisian, late Ypresian, Eocene.“Mercin” [Mercin-et-Vaux], France.Faunus Montfort, 1810 (Pachychilidae). Semisinus [= Hemisinus] resectus .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Plaine du Bahr-el-Houlé (haut Jourdain) dans l’Aïn-el-Mellaha” , Israel.cerithiopis” in heading of description, but as “cerithiopsis” throughout the rest of the work. Melanopsissaulcyi Bourguignat, 1853.Given as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“M. Mario: Farnesina” : 186, ItMelanopsistransiens Cerulli-Irelli, 1914, non Blanckenhorn, 1897. Melanopsistransiens Cerulli-Irelli, 1914 a junior synonym of “Melanopsisaffinis Férussac”, which is not an available name.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Beni Abbès” [prov. Béchar], Algeria.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1897Cernikian, Pliocene.“Kozarica” [Kozarice], Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 88) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2991-637.Melanopsisclavigera Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLocard, 1883“Lac d’Antioche” [Lake Anuk ], Turkey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrot, 1879“Schiraz”, Iran.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Dans le source de Yeni Chehir, [...] entre Antioche et Alep, à l’intersection de la route d’Alexandrette” , Turkey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939Mesopotamia, beteween Ar Raqqah in the south and Tall Abyaḑ in the north, on the left bank of the Qarah Mūkh, tributary of the right side of the Nahr al Balīkh], Syria.“Cheragrag, en Mésopotamie, entre Rakka, au Sud et Tell Abiad au Nord, sur la rive gauche du Karamouk Sou, affluent de la rive droite du Nahr Bâhlik” , southern Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeNicolas, 1898“Aux environs de Biskra, à Ain-Oumach [...] dans une source d’eau chaude” , Algeria.Melanopsissaharica Bourguignat, 1864.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Aldrich, 1886Early Eocene.“Hatchetigbee, Butler, Choctaw County, Alabama”, United States.Bulliopsis Conrad, 1862 (Nassariidae) by Classified within the marine genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Early Cernikian, early Pliocene.“Čerević”, Serbia.Milan et al. (1974: 88) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2504-150.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreakNeumayr, 1880 Plio-Pleistocene.“Zwischen Pylle und Antimachia” , Greece.Melanopsisdelessei Tournouër, 1875.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Merian, 1849Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Nahe am Gipfel des Plateaus des Randens” [near the top of the plateau of Mt. Randen], Switzerland.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sandberger, 1872Badenian, middle Miocene.“Grund [...], Vöslau” : 597, AuMelanopsisaquensis sensu Hörnes, 1856, non Grateloup, 1838.Plate 25 of Sandberger’s monograph was issued in 1872, while the description on pp. 512, 521 appeared in 1875 . IntroduTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875Cernikian, Pliocene.“Cigelnik; [...] Graben zwischen Podwin und der Čapla; [...] Čapla; [...] An der Strasse von Sibin nach Gromačnik; [...] Gromačnik” , Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Michelin, 1833Cretaceous?“À Gérodot, département de l’Aube”, France.Melanopsidae.Probably not a PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.A lectotype was designated by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeServain, 1884“La Migliaska à Serajewo (Bosnie); Ostaria (Croatie)” .Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1878Late Portaferrian, late Miocene–early Pliocene.“Karlowitz [...] Görgetek in Syrmien” : 49 , Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fontannes, 1880[invalid]Mammal zone MN 11, late Miocene.Potamides Basteroti de Visan (Vaucluse)” , France.“Les marnes à PageBreakMelanopsisneumayri Tournouër, 1874.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920[invalid]“Aït Taleb sur le Sefrou près d’el Menzel, avant l’oued Sebou” , Morocco.Melanopsiscompacta Fontannes, 1880.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1895Tortonian–early Messinian, late Miocene.“S. Agata fossili” [Sant’Agata Fossili], Italy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Oppenheim, 1891Late Pliocene–early Pleistocene.“Preveza”, Greece.M. Conemenosi Bttg. in litt.”) in Appeared first as a nomen nudum  [Rădmănești], Romania.Melanopsisfuchsi Brusina, 1884, non Handmann, 1882 and Melanopsishungarica Pallary, 1916, non Kormos, 1904, which were in turn introduced for Melaniacostata sensu Fuchs, 1870, non Olivier, 1804 , which Junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Anistratenko, 1993Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Окр. с. Мокви, Очамчирский р-н” , Georgia.Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Anistratenko, 1993Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Окр. с. Мокви, Очамчирский р-н” , Georgia.Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1886Late Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Collina di Torino” [Torino hills], Italy.conjungens” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Lac de Tibériade” [Sea of Galilee], Israel.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pană, 2003Parscovian–Pelendavian, Pliocene.PageBreak“Forage Mihăița, profondeur 109 m” , Romania.Laboratory of Paleontology, Bucharest, coll. no. 651.conoideus”), but Melanopsis is feminine, which is why the name must be “conoidea”.Pană denoted the authorship as “Pană, 1989”. Originally the gender was indicated as masculine .Melanopsisboueimegacantha Handmann, 1887.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916[invalid]Chattian, Oligocene.“Dax. St-Geours, Abesse”  stated that Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887[invalid]Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisconstricta Brusina, 1878. Melanopsishandmanniana as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn”, Austria.Melanopsisvindobonensis Fuchs, 1870. Note that Wenz gave the name as “costata”, which is an incorrect subsequent spelling.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[invalid]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Melanopsishazayi: Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreakDoncieux, 1908 Lutetian, Eocene.“Au Nord d’Albas”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1916[invalid]“Prope Kanala [...]; insula Ouen” : 148 , Hungary.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeReeve, 1860Melania, pl. 34, fig. 233.“Dalmatia” [no locality indicated], Croatia.Based on a manuscript or “in schedis” name from Küster in the museum of Von dem Busch see .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeReeve, 1860[invalid]Melania, pl. 34, fig. 228.PageBreak“Römerbad in Steiermark” [Rimske Toplice], Slovenia after .Melaniahollandri [sic] Pfeiffer, 1828 .Based on a manuscript name by Küster and introduced in synonymy of see also . It was Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1878Cernikian, Pliocene.“Repusnica, Slobodnica”, Croatia.The syntype (?) illustrated in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeAhuir Galindo, 2015[invalid]“In brooks and ‘gorgos’ from Anna, Valencia”, Spain.Museo Malacologico di Cupra Marittima, Italy; no number indicated.Melanopsiscoronata Brusina, 1878.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePicard, 1934“Jarmukmündung” [Yarmouk river mouth], Jordan/Israel.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Stefanescu, 1896Pliocene.“À Mosculesti, dans la vallée de Gilortu, à Gura-Motrului et à Breasta, dans la vallée de Jiu” , Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreakSchütt in Schütt & Ortal, 1993 Pleistocene, Riss glacial epoch.“Galilee, southern Hula basin, about 500 m north of the new bridge over the river Jordan at Benot Ya’Aqov”, Israel.Paleontology Collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1925[invalid]Plio-Pleistocene.“Zwischen Pylle und Antimachia” : 295  Pallary, 1916[invalid]Cernikian, Pliocene.“De Slavonie” : 176, CrMelaniacostata sensu Cossmann, 1909, non Olivier, 1804. The name was corrected to “cossmanni” by Melaniacostata” from the Pliocene of Slavonia to represent the same species and synonymized them with Melanopsisabbreviatacosmanni. Obviously, he was unaware that Melanopsiscroatica Brusina, 1884 is the first available name for them .Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916cosmanni”).Cernikian, Pliocene.“De Slavonie” : 176, CrMelanopsiscosmanni Pallary, 1916 by Justified emendation of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePageBreakBourguignat, 1884 “Eaux thermales d’Ouargla et près du chott Tiraoun dans le sud de la province de Constantine et de la Tunisie” [in thermal waters at Ouargla (Algeria) and near chott Tiraoun (Tunisia)], Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeOlivier, 1804“De Orontes [Gesser-Chourl]” , Syria.Melanopsis Férussac in Férussac & Férussac, 1807.Type species of the genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Ludwig, 1865[invalid]Early Rupelian, Oligocene.“Grossalmerode”, Germany.Melaniacostata . Melanopsisludwigi as replacement name.Junior secondary homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Botez, 1914[invalid]Viviparusstricturatus Zone, Cernikian, Pliocene.“Moreni”, Romania.Melanopsiscostata .Junior secondary homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Olujić, 1999[invalid]Langhian, middle Miocene.It is unclear from the original work in which of the studied localities/sections along the valleys of the Sutina, Batarelov and Vojskava rivers (4 km W of Sinj) the taxon occurred and in which not, Croatia.Melanopsiscostata . Melanopsislanzaeana.Junior secondary homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreakOlujić, 1999 [invalid] Langhian, middle Miocene.It is unclear from the original work in which of the studied localities/sections along the valleys of the Sutina, Batarelov and Vojskava rivers (4 km W of Sinj) the taxon occurred and in which not, Croatia.Melanopsiscostata . Considered as a junior synonym of Melanopsislyrata Neumayr, 1869 by Junior secondary homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“[sic] Kucik” mentioned in Brusina (1867: 85)[unavailable]“U Savi i u potoku kod Susjeda, u Žirovcu, u Maksimiru kod Zagreba, u potoku Toplici kod Oroslavja i u Kutinji blizu Jastrebarskoga” , Croatia.costata”.Nomen nudum, based on an “in schedis” name from the collection of Kucik . The name was probably a typesetting mistake for “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1953Gelasian, early Pleistocene.“Aghios Georgios” , Greece.Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeFérussac, 1823[invalid]“Dans l’aqueduc de Séville [...] et dans les ruisseaux des environs. [...] Dans les lacs et les rivières du royaume de Maroc” .Melanopsiscariosa , which Férussac listed in synonymy.Junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreakDouvillé, 1904 [invalid] Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.“Du versant oriental du Kouh Mapeul” , Iran.Melanopsiscostellata Férussac, 1823. Melanopsisdouvillei as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Anistratenko, 1993Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Окр. с. Мокви, Очамчирский р-н” , Georgia.Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeSchmidt, 1847“Aus einem Mühlbache bei Klinze ob Schischka” [from a mill creek at Glinica near Šiška], Slovenia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874[invalid]Langhian, middle Miocene.“Miočić”, Croatia.The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated .Melanopsisinconstans Neumayr, 1869 into three varieties, none of which he termed “inconstans”. The first one, “var. costulata”, he referred to as the typical one, which makes it an objective synonym of the nominal subspecies and hence Melanopsisinconstans.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1897[invalid]Langhian, middle Miocene.“Miočić”, Croatia.PageBreakMilan et al. (1974: 99) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2981-627/2.Melanopsisinconstanscostulata Brusina, 1874 (see Note 1). Currently considered as a junior synonym of Melanopsisvisianiana Brusina, 1874 .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Doncieux, 1908[invalid]Middle Lutetian, Eocene.“Au Nord d’Albas” : 205, FrMelanopsiscostulata Brusina, 1897. Has been considered to belong to the genus Coptostylus Sandberger, 1872 (Thiaridae).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]“O. Taguenout” , Morocco.Melanopsiscostulata Brusina, 1897.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePageBreakPallary, 1939 [invalid] “Ras el ‘Ain du Khabour” [Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.Melanopsiscostulata Brusina, 1897.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cobălcescu, 1883Cernikian, Pliocene.“Cotroceni lăngă București” [Cotroceni near Bucarest], Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans les eaux chaudes du Djerid, au nord du chott Tiraoun, dans le sud de la Tunisie” , Tunisia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Lac Sabandja, près d’Ismidt, en Anatolie” [Lake Sapanca near İzmit], Turkey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cobălcescu, 1883Pliocene.“Barboschi” (p. 156) [Barboși], Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrusina, 1866[invalid]“In der Muhr” : 48 , Croatia.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Blanckenhorn, 1897Plio-Pleistocene.Dreissena layer at Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.“In der pliocänen Dreissensiaschicht von Dschisr esch-Schurr” , Brazil.Verena H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 (Thiaridae) (see Type species of the genus dae) see : 253.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1901Pleistocene.“De Géryville” [Aïn Sefra], Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Fès”, Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1884Cernikian, Pliocene.“Repušnica” : 372, CrMilan et al. (1974: 89) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen actually derives from the original type series and whether it was the only specimen Brusina had at hand. The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2988-634.Melaniacostata sensu Neumayr, 1969, non Olivier, 1804. Melaniacostata” from the Pliocene of Slavonia to represent the same species and synonymized them with Melanopsisabbreviatacosmanni. Obviously, he was unaware that Melanopsiscroatica Brusina, 1884 is the first available name for them .Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902[invalid]Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec”, Croatia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2529-175/1-2 .Melanopsiscroatica Brusina, 1884. Melanopsishauerimarkusevecensis as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Dominici & Kowalke, 2014Castigaleu group, late Ypresian, Eocene.PageBreak“Morillo de Lena , [...] CG-A2, sample 53”, Spain.Museo di Storia Naturale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, coll. no. IGF 4334E.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1870“Tuo” [Touho], New Caledonia.Melanopsisfrustulum Morelet, 1857.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLocard, 1883[invalid]“Lac d’Antioche” [Lake Anuk ], Turkey.Melanopsiscurta Gassies, 1870.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Plaine du Bahr-el-Houlé (haut Jourdain) dans l’Aïn-el-Mellaha” , Israel.Melanopsiscurta Gassies, 1870. Melanopsissaulcyi Bourguignat, 1853.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Locard, 1893[invalid]Late Burdigalian–Langhian, early–middle Miocene.Vermes”, France.“Le Locle; [...] Melanopsiscurta Gassies, 1870. Melanopsiskleini Kurr, 1856.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“PageBreak” mentioned in Pérès (1939) [unavailable] “Station 119. Aïn Attig. Source près de la route de Rabat à Casablanca à 13 kilomètres de Rabat” , Morocco.curta” self-explanatory and did not describe it. Moreover, he obviously used the name not as separate taxon but rather as descriptive term to fit existing species into his morphological concept. He even indicated Melanopsisbrevis Morelet, 1857 as its “type”.First of all, the name as given by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Parreyss” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 12)[unavailable]Not indicated.Melaniaholandri” [sic] by Nomen nudum, “in schedis” name from Parreyss listed in the synonymy list of “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Langhian, middle Miocene.“Vatelj” [Fatelj hill], Bosnia and Herzegovina.Milan et al. (1974: 89) stated that only one of the specimens illustrated by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Langhian, middle Miocene.“Ribarić”, Croatia.Melanopsislyrata Neumayr, 1869  [upper horizon of the Župića potok (near Sinj)], Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 90) stated that Melanoptychiadalmatina Bourguignat, 1880.Junior secondary homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Le Danube à Ibraila; la Save à Agram; la Krapina à Sused (Croatie)” .Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1880”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gaudry & P. Fischer in Gaudry, 1867Late Miocene.“Daphné”, Greece.daphne” as mentioned in Melanopsislonga Deshayes in Férussac, 1839.The species epithet is a noun in apposition and needs not to agree in gender with the generic name (Art. 31.2.1). The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae[Prevost], 1821, Austria.PageBreakMelanopsisDaudebartii” in an article in the Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société philomatique de Paris. Constant Prevost was often considered to be the author of this article, but from the title and text it is obvious that the article is an “Extrait” of a talk given by Prevost earlier and summarized by an anonymous author. According to Art. 50.2 and Recommendation 51D, the correct citation should be Melanopsisdaudebartii [Prevost], 1821. The names “daudebarti”, “audebarti” or “audebardi”, each occurring multiple times in the literature, are incorrect subsequent spellings. Currently, the species is classified within the genus Microcolpia ” [Tiout], Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Sidi Yahia, près d’Oudjda” [Sidi Yahya near Oujda], Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]“Ras el ‘Ain du Khabour” [Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.Melanopsisdebilis Pallary, 1920.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†P. Fischer, 1883Late Miocene.“Smendou, province de Constantine, Algérie” [Zighoud Youcef], Algeria.Fischer attributed the authority to Tournouër, but from the foregoing introduction it is clear that the species was described by Fischer.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreakStoliczka, 1862 Late Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Bei Zala Apati am rechten Ufer der Zala und [...] im Gebiete des Plattensees” [near Zalaapáti at the right riverside of the Zala river and in the area around Lake Balaton], Hungary.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePaetel, 1888[invalid]“Persia” : 209, IrMelanopsisdecollata Stoliczka, 1862.Originally introduced as infrasubspecific taxon (“subvariety”) by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Late Miocene or Pliocene.Melanopsisbouei from many localities in Romania.Sabba Stefanescu, to whom Pallary referred, did not denote the localities of the figured specimens. He reported Melanopsisbouei , at Kānī Seip (?) and at Karsī], Iraq.Pallary attributed the authority to Férussac based on a manuscript name.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†de Serres, 1829Early Campanian, Cretaceous.“Martigues”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Boistel, 1898Mammal zone MN 10–12, late Miocene.“D’Ambronay [Vallon de Jurancieu]” , France.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Eocene?“L’île de Wight” [Isle of Wight], United Kingdom.Melanopsisbuccinoidea var. γ) antiqua; elongata” sensu Férussac, 1823 .Based on the record of “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916[invalid]Pannonian, late Miocene.“De la Moravie” .Based on a part of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1895Tortonian–early Messinian, late Miocene.“S. Agata fossili” [Sant’Agata Fossili], Italy.Melanopsisnarzolina d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1895Tortonian–early Messinian, late Miocene.“S. Agata fossili” [Sant’Agata Fossili], Italy.dertolina” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeAnnandale & Prashad, 1919“Kaindak , Persian Baluchistan”, Iran.Indian Museum, Calcutta, coll. no. 11535/2.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Ruisseaux entre Tarsous et Mersina (Anatolie)” [streams between Tarsus and Mersin], Turkey.Melanopsisbuccinoidea . In Melanopsissaulcyi Bourguignat, 1853.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1861“La Nouvelle-Calédonie, dans l’intérieur” [inland of New Caledonia], New Caledonia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†De Stefani, 1877Villafranchian, Plio-Pleistocene.“Spoleto”, Italy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Kucik” mentioned in Brusina (1867: 85)[unavailable]“U Savi kod Zagreba” [from the Sava river at Zagreb], Croatia.Melaniaholandri [sic].Nomen nudum, based on an “in schedis” name in the collection of Kucik . Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1915“Dans la source du jardin du Sultan, à Diabet, près Mogador” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884PageBreak“Petit cours d’eau à Sadjour-Sou, entre Aïn-Taïb et Alep [...]; Aïn-el-Bass, dans la plaine du Bahr-el-Houlé (Syrie)” [small brook at Sadjour-Sou between Gaziantep (Turkey) and Aleppo (Syria) [...]; Aïn el Bass, in the plains of the Hula valley (Israel)].Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Andrusov, 1909Pontian (sensu stricto), late Miocene.“Babadjan, Sundi, Meissary und Chilaalidasch” , Azerbaijan.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Ogulin”, Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1899“Dans la Souani, à Tanger” [in Souani at Tanger], Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939Unclear: given as “Dans l’Oronte” [in the Orontes river] in text but as “Du lac de Homs” [Lake Homs (through which the Orontes flows)] in plate captions, Syria.dircaena” as mentioned in The name “PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deshayes, 1862Lutetian, Eocene.“Brasles”, France.Faunus Montfort, 1810 (Pachychilidae).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Langhian, middle Miocene.“Ribarić” : 358, CrMelanopsislyrata Neumayr, 1869 [June], non Melanopsislirata Gassies, 1869 [January]. Both names are deemed to be identical after Art. 58.2.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Mare du moulin de la Cettina, près Almissa, en Dalmatie” , Croatia.Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Letourneux, 1879”, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeStarobogatov, Alexenko & Levina, 1992“Из Днепра у Херсона” [from the Dniepr river at Kherson], Ukraine.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Schréter, 1975Riss/Würm end to early Würm Ice Age, Pleistocene.“Eger, az egri vár Zárkándy bástyájának átmetszése” , Hungary.Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet , Budapest; no number indicated.Microcolpia.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pantanelli, 1886Tortonian–early Messinian, late Miocene.“S. Valentino, S. Agata, Boggione” , Italy.Melanopsisnarzolina d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Ras el ‘Ain du Khabour” [Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Graves (1847: 600)[unavailable]Eocene.“Cuise-Lamotte, Jaulzy, Tiverny, Saint-Vaast-de-Longmont”, France.Nomen nudum. Graves attributed the authority to Defrance.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Lutetian, Eocene.“Au Nord d’Albas” : 204, FrMelanopsisnodosa Doncieux, 1908, non Férussac, 1822.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1919[invalid]Middle Lutetian, Eocene.“Au Nord d’Albas” : 204, FrPageBreakMelanopsisbrevis Doncieux, 1908, non Sowerby, 1826. For that homonym, Melanopsisabbreviata, which is a junior homonym of Melanopsisabbreviata Brusina, 1874. (Note that Wenz 1919 was unaware of that name.) Melanopsisdoncieuxi Wenz, 1919 is, however, invalid too it is a junior homonym of Melanopsisdoncieuxi Pallary, 1916 .Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeIssel, 1865“Di Kerman nella Persia meridionale” [Kerman], Iran.Melanopsisammonis Tristram, 1865 by Melanopsisvariabilis v.d. Busch in Philippi, 1847 by Considered a junior synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Oppenheim, 1892Paleocene.“Dorogh, Annathal, Nagy Kovacsi” , Hungary.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePreston, 1913“Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi Islands, Dutch East Indies” [Belangbelang Island], Indonesia.Melanopsidae.Probably not a Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1901Late Miocene.“Smendou” [Zighoud Youcef], Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLetourneux & Bourguignat, 1887PageBreak“De Gafsa; [...] de Tozer et de Nefta” , Tunisia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1911“Fez” [Fes], Morocco.doutte” on p. 133, but as “douttei” in plate caption. Since Pallary explicitly named the species after E. Doutté, the name must read “douttei” (Art. 32.5.1).Given as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.“Du versant oriental du Kouh Mapeul” , France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Kühn, 1963[invalid]Mammal zone MN 9–10, late Miocene.“Daphni” [Dafní valley near Athens], Greece.Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens, coll. no. 1963/84.Melanopsisdubiosa Matheron, 1878. Melanopsislonga Deshayes in Férussac, 1839.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1916“Dans le Diahot, à Balade; à Jengen, à Kanala, dans les marais et les petits ruisseaux” : 289 , France.Melanopsidae, the only specimen illustrated in 1822 in the “Histoire naturelle” was a fossil one from the Miocene of France. This fact remained widely unknown to biologists and paleontologists alike. Only few malacologists, such as Melanopsisdufourii in the biological literature actually corresponds to the real Melanopsisdufourii. Very likely, some of PageBreakthe other melanopsids from Dax . While dufouri” as mentioned by numerous authors and databases and “dufourei” as given by The names “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deshayes, 1825Sparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.“Les environs de Soissons” [surroundings of Soisson], France.Faunus Montfort, 1810, Melanatria Bowdich, 1822 (both Pachychilidae). Note that both authors gave the name as “dufresnei”, which is an incorrect subsequent spelling. Moreover, Melanatria Bowdich, 1822 [February] is not an available name because it is a replacement name for the vernacular “Pyrene Lamarck” which was not available in nomenclature before April 1822.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeCrosse, 1869“Dumbea”, New Caledonia.Re-described in French by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Ippolito, 1947Late Villafranchian, early Pleistocene.“Colle dell’Oro presso Terni”, Italy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.The taxon is not included in the Fossilium Catalogus of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deshayes, 1862Sparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.“Saran, Cramant, Damery”, France.Faunuscerithiformis  (Pachychilidae).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat in Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887“El-Hammam, près Tozer” [El-Hamma-Djerid near Tozeur], Tunisia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fontannes, 1880Miocene or Pliocene.Rhône Basin , France.Melanopsisnarzolina d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846.Based on material from the Rhône Basin, not Italy as claimed by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1918“Ras el Mâ et Fès” [Ras el Ma], Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans le Jourdain; [...] dans le Belus près de Saint-Jean-d’Acre” , Israel.Melanopsisobliqua Bourguignat, 1884.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeIssel, 1866“Nella Maremma Toscana in un fiumicello d’acqua calda detto Caldana di Ravi, presso Campiglia” , Italy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1924“Gandia ”, Spain.elatior” to denote a species-group taxon but only cited Melanopsisdufourii. Pallary briefly described the taxon (by indicating its size) and therefore made the name available.Not available from Rossmässler (1854), to whom Pallary referred, because Rossmässler did not use the term “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1869“Noumea”, New Caledonia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Bourguignat (1884: 15)[unavailable]“De la Save et de la Savina; [...] du Danube, près de Belgrade (Serbie), de Zenica (Bosnie), de la rivière d’Ostaria et d’un ruisseau sur là route de Pregrada, non loin de Krapina-Toeplitz, en Croatie; [...] au pont de la Save, près d’Agram”  Danube river near Belgrade (Serbia), Zenica (Bosnia and Herzegovina), in the river at Oštarije and a stream at the road to Pregrada, near Krapinske toplice (Croatia); [...] at the Sava bridge near Zagreb].elegans” as mentioned by Melanopsisholandriilegitima Rossmässler, 1839, under which “elegans” was listed as a synonym by Rossmässler.The name “Var. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Oppenheim, 1891Pliocene.“Bizerè, nördlich von Pyrgos (Elis)” , Greece.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[unavailable]Unclear: given as “L’Oronte à Djishr ech Chegour” [Orontes river at Jisr Ash-Shughur] in text but as “L’Oronte à Homs” [Orontes river at Homs (which is far to the south of the former)] in plate captions, Syria.Melanopsiscostata .Unavailable according to Art. 13.1, because it lacks a verbal description or definition. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Férussac, 1822Eocene.“Des environs d’Epernay. [...] De l’île de Wight” .antiquua”, which was probably not intended as species-group name ” [at Tersanne near Hauterives], France.Melanopsisbuccinoideaelongata Férussac, 1822. Melanopsisnarzolina d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882[invalid]Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisbuccinoideaelongata Férussac, 1822. Not included in the Fossilium Catalogus by Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Ogulin”, Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887[invalid]Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisbuccinoideaelongata Férussac, 1822.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Locard, 1893[invalid]“Helicidenmergel”, late Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Uetken, en Argovie”, Switzerland.Melanopsisbuccinoideaelongata Férussac, 1822. Melanopsiscitharella Merian, 1849.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[invalid]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.PageBreak“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Melanopsisbuccinoideaelongata Férussac, 1822. Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Doncieux, 1908[invalid]Middle Lutetian, Eocene.“Au Nord d’Albas”, France.Melanopsisbuccinoideaelongata Férussac, 1822. Melanopsissublongata [sic] as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]“Ras el ‘Ain du Khabour” [Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.Melanopsisbuccinoideaelongata Férussac, 1822. Melanopsiskhabourensis Pallary, 1939.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Pérès (1939)[unavailable]Collection stations 80 [tributary rivulet to the river Tensift] and 144  : 139, Moelongata” self-explanatory and did not describe it. Moreover, he obviously used the name not as separate taxon but rather as descriptive term to fit existing species into his morphological concept. He even indicated Melanopsisolivieri Bourguignat, 1884 as its “type”.First of all, the name as given by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gillet & Marinescu, 1971[invalid]Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Rădmănești”, Romania.Melanopsisbuccinoideaelongata Férussac, 1822. Melanopsisdefensa Fuchs, 1870.Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1925Messinian, late Miocene.“Della valle della Sterza” : 420 Not indicated.Melaniabuccinoidea  by Nomen nudum, “in schedis” name from Tarnier listed in the synonymy list of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[unresolved]“Aïn Mélias, près de Figuig” [Ain Melias near Figuig], Algeria.Melanopsisletourneuxiemaciata Pallary, 1928 (see Note 1). This case requires the action of a First Reviser.Homonym of the simultaneously published name Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[unresolved]“Berguent” [Aïn Beni Mathar], Morocco.Melanopsisfoleyiemaciata Pallary, 1928 (see Note 1). This case requires the action of a First Reviser.Homonym of the simultaneously published name Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1936[invalid]Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Melanopsisletourneuxiemaciata Pallary, 1928 and Melanopsisfoleyiemaciata Pallary, 1928 .Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]“À Jéricho, dans ‘Ain Solthan” , Palestine.Melanopsisletourneuxiemaciata Pallary, 1928 and Melanopsisfoleyiemaciata Pallary, 1928 .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†d’Orbigny, 1850Early Rupelian, Oligocene.“Levit, près de Castellanne” [Vît-de-Castellane near Castellane], France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1897Early Langhian, middle Miocene.“Sinj (Župića potok)”, Croatia.The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated .Melanopsisgeniculata Brusina, 1874, while enodota” as mentioned in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Ziegler” mentioned in Reeve (1860)[unavailable]Not indicated.Melaniahollandrii [sic].Perhaps a manuscript or “in schedis” name from Ziegler. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Tihany; Kenese” , Hungary.PageBreak34–36). This fixation is insufficient for a valid lectotype designation (Art. 74). The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2515-161/1-2.Milan et al. (1974: 90) defined a “lectosyntypus”, a term not accepted by the Code, based on the specimen from Tihany illustrated by Melanopsisfuchsi Handmann, 1882.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Sparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.“Mont Bernon bei Epernay” . The name “eocaenica” as mentioned in Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Près de Biskra, dans un ruisseau d’eau chaude à Ouargla, dans un puits artésien de Mazer au Ziban, ainsi qu’aux environs de Boghar et dans les rivières du djebel Takreda entre Mogador et Maroc [sic]” .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeTristram, 1865“Wady Um Bagkek, between Sebbeh and Jebel Usdum, at the south-west corner of the Dead Sea”, Israel.Melanopsisammonis Tristram, 1865.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeRoth, 1839“In Peloponneso”, Greece.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeFérussac, 1823“La Laybach” [Ljubljanica river], Slovenia.Esperiana Bourguignat, 1877.Type species of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Stefanescu, 1896Pliocene.“À Bucovatz, dans la vallée de Jiu, et à Milcov, près de Slatina, dans la vallée de l’Oltu” , Romania.esperiodea” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeWesterlund, 1886“Italien, Balearen [Westerlund]; aus Toscana als auch aus Jumilla (Spanien) und Merknes (Marocco) [Brot]” .etrusca Villa (v. min)” from the locality “Toscane”, without description or bibliographical reference. Brot listed it under the name “MelanopsisDufourii Fér.”, for which a bibliographical reference (to “Rossm. Icon. 835–839”) and locality “Espagne” was given. Since etrusca was neither described by Brot nor by Rossmässler, the name etrusca is not available from this case (Art. 12.1).The name was first mentioned by Melanopsisetrusca Villa MSS.”) as synonym of MelanopsisDufourii var. β, which he introduced there with a short Latin description. On p. 435 Brot even associated etrusca with an illustration of a specimen from Toscana . However, the name was explicitly referred to as synonym of the (unnamed) variety β, which is not a valid name, and thus the requirements of Art. 11.6 (and therefore 12.1) are not met (see Note 2).Melanopsislorcana] var. etrusca Villa ap. Brot (Cat. syst. Melan. 1862)” and provided a description and thus made it available as species-group taxon. Since he referred to Brot’s catalogue, the type locality comprises both his and Brot’s records. The authority of Melanopsisetrusca remains with Westerlund. Art. 11.6.1 does not apply here as PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Kúp”, Hungary.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2494-140/1-3 .Melanopsispygmaeamucronata Handmann, 1887 by Considered a junior synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans le Jourdain, à 4 kilomètres au-dessus de la Mer Morte” , Palestine/Jordan.Melanopsislampra Bourguignat, 1884 as well as of Melanopsisobliqua Bourguignat, 1884, both of which they ranked as subspecies of Melaniacostata .Apparently by mistake, Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cobălcescu, 1883Dacian, Pliocene.“Beceni”, Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875Cernikian, Pliocene.“Čaplathal” [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod], Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Aït Brahim; Tazouta; El Menzel; [...] l’Oued Raha, à Agouraï” , Morocco.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Yeni Chehir” [Yenişehir], Turkey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rivière d’Ostaria, entre Plaski et Ogulin, en Croatie; la Save, à Sissek, en Slavonie; la Narenta, en Dalmatie” , Croatia.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1880”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928“Agouraï, à 29 kil. sud de Fès” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Agouraï” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Magrograssi, 1928[invalid]Plio-Pleistocene.“Coo: frequente nella zona centrale fossilifera” [Kos island: common in the central fossiliferous zone], Greece.Melanopsismagnificaexpansa Pallary, 1920 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.PageBreak“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisfossilis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1884Portaferrian (Pannonian Basin), late Miocene–Pliocene.“Okrugljak” [near Zagreb], Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 90) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2966-612.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans la rivière de la Krapina, à Sused, en Croatie” , Croatia.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pantanelli, 1886Messinian, late Miocene.“Sterza” : 550 , New Caledonia.Melanopsisfrustulum Morelet, 1857.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882[invalid]Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisfasciata Gassies, 1874. Melanopsisvittata as replacement name. The taxon was considered as a junior synonym of Melanopsishaueri by Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBiggs, 1937[invalid]“From a ‘qanat’ [= typical Iranian channel] at Jelalabad, near Kerman”, Iran.Melanopsisfasciata Gassies, 1874.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Brusina (1866: 106) and Brusina (1867: 86)[unavailable]“Cetina”, Croatia.Melaniafasciata Sowerby, 1818 described from the Paleogene of the United Kingdom.Nomen nudum, “in schedis” name in collection of Kucik , occasionally listed with authority “Stentz”. If available, the name would be junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1864“Ruisseau de Ngouca” [N’Goussa], Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Taforalt. Aïn Sfa. Fès (Ras el Mâ). [...] Dar Batha, jardin public de bou Djeloud, séguias de dar el Maghzen, séguias en dehors de bab sidi bou Jida” , Morocco.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrot, 1868“Persepolis”, Iran.Brot attributed the authority to Parreyss, based on an “in schedis” determination by that author. However, from the following text it becomes clear that Brot is the author of the species.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neubauer, Mandic & Harzhauser, 2014Langhian, middle Miocene.“NW slope of Fatelj hill near Kupres”, Bosnia and Herzegovina.Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 2011/0138/0107a.Melanopsismojsisovicsi Neumayr, 1880 in Introduced for formerly misidentified Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans le Jourdain, non loin de son embouchure dans la Mer Morte” , Palestine/Jordan.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeRoth, 1839“Smyrna” [Izmir], Turkey.Melanopsisbuccinoidea .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Aït Brahim”, Morocco.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]“Aïn Mélias, près de Figuig” [Ain Melias near Figuig], Algeria.Melanopsisexcoriatafestiva Pallary, 1920 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1880Early Langhian, middle Miocene.“Westlich von Drvar” [west of Drvar], Bosnia and Herzegovina.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†De Stefani, 1877Villafranchian, Plio-Pleistocene.“Monte Albuccio, [...] Valli della Pescaia, e del Riluogo [...] presso Siena; Castellacela presso Massa Marittima [...]; Colline di Piedimonte presso Terni nell’Umbria [...], tra S. Gemine e Carsoli sulla strada di Narni, e fra Otricoli e le Vigne sulla strada da Roma a Foligno?” , Italy.Melanopsisantiqua Férussac”, which is not an available name.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Zelebor” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 12)[unavailable]Not indicated.Melaniaholandri” [sic] by Melaniaflava Deshayes in Deshayes & Jullien, 1876 described from Cambodia.Nomen nudum, “in schedis” name from Zelebor listed in synonymy of “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Aïn Mélias, près de Figuig” [Ain Melias near Figuig], Algeria.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gümbel, 1861Chattian, Oligocene.“Wester-Buchberg, Loherflötz, Aubach, Rohmbach, Sulzgrabenflötz, Schlierachthal, Neumühle, bei Rimselrain, Pensberg, im Höllgraben, im Buchbergflötz, bei Schmerold, am hohen Peissenberge” , Germany.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Villatte in Tambareau & Villatte, 1966Sparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.“Fontané (Ariège)”, France.Laboratoire de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de Toulouse; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePaetel, 1888“Lake Huleh [Palestine]” : 212, PaOriginally introduced as infrasubspecific taxon (“subvariety”) by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Tournouër, 1879Cernikian, Pliocene.“Nisipulu, Rumaniae” [Nisip], Romania.Amphimelania by Considered to belong in the genus PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gmelin, 1791Gmelin 1971: 3485.Sarmatian (sensu stricto), middle Miocene.“Zwischen Oedinburg and Ruß” : 204 , Algeria.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1874“Ouagap” [Wagap], New Caledonia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Schmidt” mentioned in Brusina (1867: 86)[unavailable]Not indicated.Melaniafragilis Lamarck, 1804 from the Paleogene (Eocene?) of the Paris Basin.Nomen nudum, “in schedis” name in collection of Kucik . If available, the name would be junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903Late Pleistocene–Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Kühn, 1951Mammal zone MN 10, late Miocene.“Nordwestlich Nea Liossia” [northwest of Ilion], Greece.Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 1949/0004/0006.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1897Late Cernikian, late Pliocene–early Pleistocene.“Kutina (šuma Mišinka)” , Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 57) stated that PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1885Cernikian, Pliocene.“Kravarsko und Podvornica”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 91) defined a neotype based on the specimens illustrated by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Thomä, 1845Mammal zone MN 2, early Miocene.“Mühltal bei Wiesbaden”, Germany.Fritzii” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMorelet, 1857“[Ad Sanctam-Mariam de Balade]” [Balade], New Caledonia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsispygmaea Hörnes, 1856. Melanopsishandmanni, which is the objective junior synonym of Melanopsisfuchsi Handmann, 1882.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1884[invalid]Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Radmanest” (Fuchs 1870: 353) [Rădmănești], Romania.The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated .PageBreakMelaniacostata sensu Fuchs, 1870, non Olivier, 1804. Junior homonym of Melanopsisfuchsi Handmann, 1882  ornata Fuchs, 1877, non Viviparaornata Neumayr, 1875, which was considered a Melanopsidae by Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1858“Des petits cours d’eau à Balade; [...] à l’île des Pins” , New Caledonia.Melanopsisfrustulum Morelet, 1857.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Born.” mentioned in De Cristofori & Jan [unavailable]“Austr.” [Australia].Nomen nudum, found only in the species list of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrot, 1879“Ouagap” [Wagap], New Caledonia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†P. Fischer in Gaudry, 1867Pliocene.PageBreak“Mégare” (p. 444), Greece.The taxon is not included in the Fossilium Catalogus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1870“Prope Pouebo” [near Pouébo], New Caledonia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sowerby, 1822Eocene.“Isle of Wight; [...] New Charlton; [...] Woolwich; [...] New Cross near Deptford; [...] Hordwell”, United Kingdom.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Grateloup, 1838[invalid]Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Dax. [...] Mandillot”, France.Melanopsisantiqua Férussac, 1823” . Junior homonym of Melanopsisfusiformis Sowerby, 1822.Based on some of the illustrated syntypes of “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1870[invalid]“Prope Kanala; insula Ouen” , New Caledonia.Melanopsisfusiformis Sowerby, 1822. Melanopsisrossiteri as replacement name. Unaware of this, Melanopsiscookiana as replacement name, which is its junior objective synonym.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882[invalid]Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.PageBreak“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisfusiformis Sowerby, 1822. Melanopsisangusta as replacement name. Melanopsishaueri Handmann, 1882.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Magrograssi, 1928[invalid]Plio-Pleistocene.“Coo: V. Tuvachiu, fra Antimachia e Pili” , Greece.Melanopsisfusiformis Sowerby, 1822.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1895Messinian, late Miocene.“Priosa presso Narzole, Castelletto d’Orba, S. Marzano Oliveto”, Italy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Vergnau-Saubade, 1968Oligocene.“Gaas - Lesbarritz”, France.First mentioned in an unpublished thesis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1878Middle–late Cernikian, late Pliocene–early Pleistocene.“Sibinj”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 57) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen is part of the original type series and whether it was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2963-609.Amphimelania by caji” as mentioned in gayi” as given by Considered to belong in the genus PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Affluents du lac Sabandja, près d’Ismidt” [tributaries to the Lake Sapanca near İzmit], Turkey.Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Constantinople [...], a été trouvée dans la rivière d’Ismidt (Anatolie)” , Turkey.Microcolpiacoutagniana .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Matheron, 1842Campanian–Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.“Les Martigues, les Pennes, Simiane, Gardanne, Fuveau, Peynier, Trets”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Munier-Chalmas, 1884Munier-Chalmas 1884: 330, pl. 7, figs 21–22.Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.“D’Auzas”, France.Munier-Chalmas (1884) indicated the authority with “Mun. Ch., 1870”, which is probably due to the fact that issues 1–3 of vol. 1 of Annales de Malacologie, in which the original publication appeared, were published in 1870 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeCrosse, 1867“Wagap”, New Caledonia.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014Early Pleistocene (?).“Weganrisse und Regenrisse 3 Km N Antirrion in Akarnanien”  , Greece.Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt; no number indicated.Melanopsisposterior Schütt, 1986, non Papp, 1953.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Langhian, middle Miocene.“Miočić”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 91) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 3207-853.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Sources du Nahr es Sine, au Sud de Lattaquié, sur la route de Beyrouth” , Syria.Melanopsiscostata .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Willmann, 1981Palioskala Formation, middle Tortonian, late Miocene.“Bachriß beim Höhenzug von Palioskala, ca. 700 m westlich vom Kap Phoka” , Greece.Geological-Paleontological Institute, University of Kiel, Germany; no number indicated.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Grateloup, 1838Chattian–Burdigalian (?), late Oligocene–early Miocene.“Dax. [...] d’Abesse et de Quillac à Saint-Paul” , France.Melanopsismajor Férussac, 1823”, which is not an available name.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rivière près d’une villa sur la route de Pregrada, aux environs de Krapina, en Croatie” , Croatia.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Robles, 1975Late Miocene.“Venta del Moro ”, Spain.Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, coll. no. M-327.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Cernikian, Pliocene.“Sibinj; Farkašić; Dubranjec”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 89) stated that the single specimen of this taxon was lost.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1927[invalid]Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“У Карагачу” [from Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 209 (Milošević 1962: 23).Melanopsisglabra Brusina, 1874. Melanopsisvrcinensis as replacement name.Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Bogachev [unavailable]Miocene.“Tori bei Borshomi” [Tori near Borjomi], Georgia.glabra” on p. 53, but “glarba” on p. 13, 33.The name was only mentioned in a species list by Bogachev without description or illustration. Moreover, he applied multiple original spellings: the name is given as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Olujić, 1999[invalid]Langhian, middle Miocene.It is unclear from the original work in which of the studied localities/sections along the valleys of the Sutina, Batarelov and Vojskava rivers (4 km W of Sinj) the taxon occurred and in which not, Croatia.Melanopsisglabra Brusina, 1874. Melanopsislyrata Neumayr, 1869.Junior secondary homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeClessin, 1890“Ungarn ([...] ohne nähere Fundortangabe)” , Hungary.Microcolpiaparreyssii .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sandberger, 1872Mammal zone MN 5, early–middle Miocene.“Pontlevoy bei Blois” [Pontlevoy near Blois], France.Plate 26 of Sandberger’s monograph was issued in 1872, while the description on p. 520 appeared in 1875 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928“Aïn Mélias, près de Figuig” [Ain Melias near Figuig], Algeria.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2015Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Brickyard near the town of Martin, Turiec Basin”, Slovak Republic.Múzeum Andreja Kmeťa in Martin, Slovak Republic, coll. no. SNM 16/2011 (PZ-703g).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“La Glina en Hongrie” [Glina river], Croatia.Microcolpiaacicularis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrot, 1878“Glina Fl.” [Glina river], Croatia.Hemisinusacicularis ”. Microcolpiaacicularis.“In schedis” name by Parreyss, introduced by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Magrograssi, 1928Plio-Pleistocene.“Coo: V. Bocasia, torrente Sefto, C. Foca, tra Antimachia e Pili” , Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Dans les sources de Mézérib, au N. O. de Derâa ” , Syria.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Tournouër, 1875Tafi Formation, early Pleistocene.“Prope vicum Antimaki [...] et prope civitatem Cos” [near near the village Antimácheia and near the city of Kos], Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1916“Bourail” : 384, NeMelanopsiselongata Gassies, 1874, non Férussac, 1822 (see Note 1).Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1911“Tout près d’Oudjda, à 4 kilom. S.-E., sourdent les belles sources de Sidi-Yahia qui alimentent une véritable oasis, puis la ville d’Oudjda, et vont finalement se déverser dans l’oued Isly” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1955Early Pleistocene.“Brochitza, Elis” [Vrokhítsa], Greece.Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Pannonian, zone C, late Miocene.“Sused (Sopot bei Goljak)” , Croatia.Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fontannes, 1880[invalid]Mammal zone MN 11, late Miocene.Potamides Basteroti de Visan (Vaucluse)” , France.“Les marnes à Melanopsisboueigracilis Brusina, 1874 (see Note 1). Melanopsisneumayri Tournouër, 1874.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLocard, 1883[invalid]“Lac d’Homs” [Lake Homs], Syria.Melanopsisboueigracilis Brusina, 1874 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887[invalid]Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisboueigracilis Brusina, 1874 (see Note 1). Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Seninski, 1905Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Моквинскіе пласты, разрѣзъ р. Дуабъ” [Mokvi layers at Duab river], Georgia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Rolle, 1858Paleocene.“Herrmanns-Stollen im Lubellina-Graben, Gemeinde Ober-Skallis, nordöstlich von Schönstein” , Slovenia.Pyrgulifera Meek, 1877 (Pleuroceridae), but After Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fuchs, 1870[invalid]Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Tihany” (p. 533), Hungary.Melanopsisgradata Rolle, 1858. Melanopsistihanyensis as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]“Ras el ‘Ain du Khabour” [Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.Melanopsisgradata Rolle, 1858.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeVilla & Villa in Graells, 1846Spain [no locality indicated].graellsi” as mentioned in Buccinumannulatum Chemnitz”. That species, which is not available from Nassariidae?).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Calvert & Neumayr, 1880Late Sarmatian, Khersonian, late Miocene.“Renkiöi” [north of İntepe], Turkey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Hoeninghaus (1831: 142)[unavailable]Burdigalian, early Miocene (?).“Dax”, France.gratelupii”) in synonymy of Melanopsisaquensis Grateloup, 1838. grateloupi”) with “Melanopsismajor Férussac, 1823”, which is not an available name.Nomen nudum. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rivières du bassin du lac Sabandja (Anatolie)” [rivers of the basin of Lake Sapanca], Turkey.Fagotia [= Esperiana] gallandi Bourguignat, 1884.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1880”. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Sparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.“Entre St.-Germini et Carsoli” : 164 , Equatorial Guinea.Melanopsidae.Certainly not a Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Prope Cehejin Prov. Murcica” : 438 , Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Le Danube près de Buda-Pesth, en Hongrie” [in the Danube river near Budapest], Hungary.Hagenmulleria” on p. 51 but as “Hagenmülleriana” on p. 57. To my knowledge no later author has acted as First Reviser sensu Art. 24.2.3 and has mentioned both names and selected one as correct. Microcolpiacornea .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlovic, 1927Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Карагача” [Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.From the writing in the original work it seems that Pavlović had apparently doubts about the validity of the taxon.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1856“L’Oued-el-Hammam [entre le Sig et Mascara]” [Oued el Hammam between Sig and Mascara], Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1892[invalid]Early–middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Kotingbrunn; [...] Leobersdorf”, Austria.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2513-159/1-4 .Melanopsisfuchsi Handmann, 1882, non Brusina, 1884. Melanopsishandmanni as well as Melanopsisfuchsi Handmann, 1882 with Melanopsispygmaea.Introduced as replacement name for the senior (!) homonym Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†W. Fischer, 1996Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisconstricta Handmann), which is stored in the collection of the Geological Survey Austria, Vienna; no number indicated.Melanopsismartinianaconstricta Handmann, 1887, non Brusina, 1878 (see Note 1).Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Hofmann, 1870Egerian, late Oligocene–early Miocene.“A zsily-völgyi [...], továbbá Valia-Aninossaban és Paren lui Marin-ban, Lupény mellett. [...] gyakori Buda és Esztergom között [...], jelesen a Miklóshegyen, Annavölgyen, Mogyoróson és Pomázon” , Hungary.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†De Laubrière & Carez, 1881Lutetian, Eocene.“Brasles”, France.Faunus Montfort, 1810 (Pachychilidae).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeWesterlund, 1892“Bei Sevilla im Guadalquivir” , Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875Cernikian, Pliocene.“Čaplathal bei Podwin” [Čaplja graben near Slavonski Brod], Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sandberger, 1873Early Rupelian, Oligocene.“Grossalmerode [...]; Nordshausen” : 95–96, Melanopsissubulata sensu Speyer, 1870, non Sowerby, 1822 and Melanopsispraerosa [= Melanopsispraemorsa] sensu Speyer, 1870, non Linnaeus, 1758.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875Cernikian, Pliocene.“Gromačnik; [...] Slobodnica; [...] Sibin [Sibinj]; [...] Malino”, Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Popescu-Voitești, 1910Lutetian, Eocene.“Gropile Vulpilor près Titești” [Gropile Vulpilor (?) near Titești], Romania.Coptostylus Sandberger, 1872 (Thiaridae).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903Late Pleistocene–Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Hantken, 1878Late Santonian–early Campanian, late Cretaceous.“[Ajka]” , Hungary.Campylostylus  in Sandberger (1873: 341).Appeared first as a nomen nudum . Currently considered to belong in the marine genus Clea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (Buccinidae)  e.g., .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans l’oasis d’Aïn-Chair, à l’extrême sud saharien du Maroc” , Marocco.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1872”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Calvert & Neumayr, 1880Late Sarmatian, Khersonian, late Miocene.“Renkiöi” [north of İntepe], Turkey.Amphimelania by Considered to belong in the genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Blanckenhorn, 1897Plio-Pleistocene.Dreissena layer], Syria.“Dschisr esch-Schurr, Dreissensiaschicht” , Austria.Geological Survey Austria, Vienna; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fontannes, 1881Rupelian, Oligocene.“Baume-Cornillane”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Sources du Jourdain; [...] d’Aïn-el-Mellaha, dans la plaine du Bahr-el-Houlé; [...] lacs d’Homs et d’Antioche”  Aïn Mallahah, in the plains of the Hula valley; [...] lakes Homs and Anuk ], Syria.Melaniacostata sensu Kobelt, 1880, non Olivier, 1804. Bourguignat attributed the authority to Letourneux, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author. Melanopsiscostata  as well as of Melanopsissaulcyi Bourguignat, 1884.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†De Gregorio, 1880Eocene.“San Giovanni Ilarione”, Italy.Melanopsis and a separate species by Considered a Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeWesterlund, 1898“Albarracin”, Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf” , AustriaMelanopsisturrita Handmann, 1887, non Rossmässler, 1854.Replacement name for the junior homonym Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sandberger, 1872Burdigalian, early Miocene.“St. Paul, Mandillot (Landes)”, France.Melanopsisbuccinoides [sic] sensu Grateloup, 1840, non Olivier, 1801, for which Melanopsissubbuccinoides as replacement name. Hence, Melanopsishoernesi is a junior objective synonym of Melanopsissubbuccinoides. Sandberger attributed the authority to Mayer, apparently based on an “in schedis” determination.Plate 25 of Sandberger’s monograph was issued in 1872, while the description on p. 512 appeared in 1875 . IntroduTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBlanckenhorn, 1897[invalid]Pleistocene (?)–Recent.“Fossil [..] bei Antakije. Lebend am unteren Orontes [...], desgleichen im Kara Su, einem nördlichen Zufluss des Sees von Antiochia und im Sadjür Su bei Aleppo” .Melanopsishoernesi Sandberger, 1872 . Melanopsiscostata .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePfeiffer, 1828“Bei Kroatisch Feistritz, am Fusse des Berges Terglou in Illyrien” , Slovenia.Holandriana Bourguignat, 1884 and Amphimelania P. Fischer, 1885. The names “holandri” and “hollandri”, each occurring multiple time in the literature  indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2985-631.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeAzpeitia Moros, 1929“Guadalquivir en Lora del Río, Sevilla” , Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928“Fès et Meknès”, Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Kormos, 1904Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Püspökfürdő” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssii .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916[invalid]Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Radmanest” (Fuchs 1870: 353) [Rădmănești], Romania.Melanopsisfuchsi Brusina, 1884 non Handmann, 1882, which itself was introduced for Melaniacostata sensu Fuchs, 1870, non Olivier, 1804. It is a junior homonym of Melanopsishungarica Kormos, 1904 .Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Cernikian, Pliocene.“Podvinje (Čaplja)” [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod], Croatia.hibostoma” and “hypostoma” as mentioned in The names “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 442)[unavailable]“Morocco, Mogador; [...] Spanien, Andalousien” .Melanopsistingitana var. β” by Melanopsistingitana that matches the description by Brot is Nomen nudum, listed in synonymy of “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Krauss, 1852Ottnangian, middle Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Kirchberg an der Iller” [Illerkirchberg], Germany.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Férussac, 1822Sarmatian (sensu lato), middle–late Miocene.“De Sestos” , Turkey.Melanopsisincerta with Melanopsisdaudebartii and erroneously illustrated the latter of both species, which was already recognized by Deshayes when preparing the final explanations for the plates of the “Histoire naturelle”.The species was also illustrated on pl. 2 of the “Mélanopsides fossiles” in the “Histoire naturelle”  and on pTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fuchs, 1877[invalid]Pliocene.“Megara”, Greece.Melanopsisincerta Férussac, 1822. Melanopsisrevelata as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928“Sources tièdes un peu avant Kerrando, au S.-E. de Rich ” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeStarobogatov in Starobogatov et al., 1992“Фёслау, близ Вены” [Vöslau near Vienna], Austria.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1869Langhian, middle Miocene.“Miocic” [Miočić], Croatia.Illustrated syntypes are stored at the Geological Survey Austria, Vienna, coll. no. 1869/01/3/1-10.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeWesterlund, 1898“Muchalatka” , Ukraine.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1897[invalid]Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.“Begaljica”, Serbia.Milan et al. (1974: 93) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 3020-666.Melanopsisinermis Handmann, 1882. Melanopsismagyari as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944[invalid]Early Pannonian, late Miocene.“Turislav-Tal bei Soceni” [Turislav valley near Soceni], Romania.Melanopsisinermis Handmann, 1882 ” , Greece.Geological-Paleontological Institute, University of Kiel, Germany; no number indicated.inexpectata” as given by The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Férussac, 1822Eocene; late Villafranchian, early Pleistocene.“Des environs d’Epernay. [...] Du dépôt situé entre St.-Germini et Carsoli” .antiquua”, which was probably not intended as species-group name .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMartens, 1874“Quellen des Chabur bei Ras-el-Ain” [source of Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928“Aïn Chekef, près Fès” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeWesterlund, 1886“Bei Gross-Wardein in der schnellen Körös” [near Oradea in the Crișul Repede], Romania.Melanopsisparreyssii figured in Microcolpiaparreyssii .Based on a specimen of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1936[invalid]Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Melanopsisparreyssiiinnodata Westerlund, 1886 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePageBreakPallary, 1939 Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLocard, 1883“Samava” [As Samawah], Iraq.MelanopsisTurcica de Mousson [...] Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Rzehak, 1883Oncophora Beds, middle Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Eibenschitz, [...] Oslawan” , Czech Republic.Melanopsisimpressa Krauss, 1852.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887[invalid]Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisintermedia Rzehak, 1883.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]“À Béni Mellal” [at Beni Mellal], Morocco.Melanopsisintermedia Rzehak, 1883.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a, Ziegelei c”, Austria.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Tappah, à 3 km Est de Belad Sindjar et ‘Ain Haglan” , Iraq.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“M. Mario” : 184, ItMelanopsisnodosa sensu Cerulli-Irelli, 1914, non Férussac, 1822. Melanopsisnodosa sensu Cerulli-Irelli, 1914 a junior synonym of “Melanopsisaffinis Férussac”, which is not an available name.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMousson, 1861“Lac de Tiberias” [Sea of Galilee], Israel.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882[invalid]Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisjordanicairregularis Mousson, 1861 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeAhuir Galindo, 2016“ln a Za river affluent, between Guefait and Hassi Blal”, Morocco.Museo Malacologico di Cupra Marittima, Italy; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884PageBreakdell’Accesa near Massa Marittima, in Tuscany ; in the surroundings of Oran (Algeria); in the cave of Nahr el-Kalb near Beirut (Lebanon)].“Dans le lac d’Accesa, près de Massa, en Toscane ; aux environs d’Oran; [...] dans la vallée du Nahr-el-Kelb, près de Beyrouth” , Germany.Melanopsidae.Probably not a Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Stache in Sandberger, 1871Liburnian, Danian, Paleocene.“Zablachie bei Sebenico in Dalmatien” [Zablaće near Šibenik], Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans quelques sources de la plaine de Jéricho (Syrie)” [in a few springs in the plains of Jericho], Palestine.Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Letourneux, 1882”, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gillet & Marinescu, 1971[invalid]Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Radmanest” (Fuchs 1870: 353) [Rădmănești], Romania.Melanopsisfuchsi Brusina, 1902, non Handmann, 1882 and Melanopsishungarica Pallary, 1916, non Kormos, 1904, which were in turn introduced for Melaniacostata sensu Fuchs, 1870, non Olivier, 1804. However, already Melanopsisconfusa as replacement name, which makes Melanopsisjekeliusi its junior objective synonym.Replacement name for the junior homonyms Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeRoth, 1839“In flumine Jordano; in mari Galilaeo” , Israel.judaica” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGermain, 1921[invalid]Melanopsisjordanica Roth, 1839.Unjustified emendation and therefore junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec”, Croatia.The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated .Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1927Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.PageBreak“Карагач” [from Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 226 (Milošević 1962: 23).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Mertin (1939: 254)[unavailable]Heidelberg Formation, late Santonian, late Cretaceous.“Flugplatz Quedlinburg” [airfield at Quedlinburg], Germany.Odostomiakaltenbachi Mertin, 1939.Nomen nudum. Obviously a lapsus calami of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1903Middle Miocene.“Из Бабиног Дола близу Скопља” (p. 155) [Babin Dol near Skopje], Macedonia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 1448 (Milošević 1962: 24).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007Pliocene.“Oз. Сасык” [Lake Sasyk], Ukraine.Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, coll. no. 4602.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1904Langhian, middle Miocene.“Varcar-Vakufa” [Mrkonjić Grad], Bosnia and Herzegovina.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Kühn, 1946PageBreakLate middle Eocene–early Oligocene.“Monte Promina” [Promina Mountains], Croatia.Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 1869/0009/0013.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Sources de Khabour, dites Ras el ‘Ain” [source of Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Zelebor” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 429)[unavailable]Not indicated.Melanopsissaulcyi by Nomen nudum, apparently based on an unpublished manuscript name from Zelebor listed in the synonymy list of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1897Langhian, middle Miocene.“Miočić”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 93) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen is part of the original type series and whether it was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2970-616.Melanopsislyrata Neumayr, 1869.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bourguignat, 1880Langhian, middle Miocene.“Vallée de la Cettina” [Cetina river valley], Croatia.The taxon is not included in the Fossilium Catalogus of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Kurr, 1856Middle–late Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Zwiefalten und Andelfingen” : 159, GeMelanopsispraerosa [= Melanopsispraemorsa] sensu Dunker, 1848 and Klein, 1852, non Linnaeus, 1758. The name “kleini” as mentioned in Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1893Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.“Begaljica”, Serbia.The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeVon dem Busch in Philippi, 1847“Persepolis Persiae”, Iran.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsishaueri Handmann, 1882.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Bogachev [unavailable]Miocene.“Tori bei Borshomi” [Tori near Borjomi], Georgia.The name was only mentioned in a species list by Bogachev without description or illustration.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1892Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 93) indicated collection numbers for “syntypes” illustrated in Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Cernikian, Pliocene.“Hrastina”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 58) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2481-127.Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans le canal de sortie des eaux thermales de Krapina-Toeplitz, en Croatie” [in the outlet channel of the thermal waters at Krapinske toplice], Croatia.Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Letourneux, 1879”, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fuchs, 1870PageBreakMiddle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Kúp”, Hungary.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Portaferrian (Pannonian Basin), late Miocene–Pliocene.“Kurd”, Hungary.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2535-181/1-4 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1907Late Burdigalian–early Langhian, early–middle Miocene.Not indicated by Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cossmann, 1888Thanetian, Paleocene.“Chenay [...]; Jonchery [...]; Châlons-sur-Vesle”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLamarck, 1822“Dans les rivières des îles de l’Archipel” [it is unknown which Archipel Lamarck referred to].The species first appeared without name on a plate in the “Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique, vol. 3” by PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeRossmässler, 1839“Gradaschza und Ringelsza [bei Laibach]; aus einem Mühlbache bei Nassenfuss in Unterkrain”  , Slovenia.Melaniaholandri in synonymy of this variety, but from the text it is clear that the list is intended to refer to the species as a whole.Note that Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Łomnicki, 1886[invalid]Late Miocene.“Wyczółki (wrzynka kol. trans. na zachodnio-południowym końcu wsi)” , Ukraine.Melanopsislaevigata Lamarck, 1822. Melanopsislomnickii as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1912[invalid]“Nefta”, Tunisia.Melanopsislaevigata Lamarck, 1822.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1924[invalid]“Eaux de Mathen, Alhama de Aragon” , Spain.Melanopsislaevigata Lamarck, 1822. The taxon appears at infrasubspecific rank in the plate captions of the original publication.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Stoliczka, 1860Late Turonian, late Cretaceous.“Neualpe im Russbachthal” [Neualm near Russbach am Pass Gschütt], Austria.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Ruisseau de l’île d’Ivice, aux Baléares” [stream on the island of Ibiza], Spain.Melanopsislaevis Stoliczka, 1860.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920[invalid]“Oued Masmouda; Ruisseau de Bab Hadid” , Morocco.Melanopsislaevis Stoliczka, 1860.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]“Aïn Mélias, près de Figuig” [Ain Melias near Figuig], Algeria.Melanopsislaevis Stoliczka, 1860.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePotiez & Michaud, 1838“Les rivières de Madagascar?” [rivers of Madagascar?].Madagasikaraspinosa  (Pachychilidae).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deshayes, 1862[invalid]Calcaire de Montabuzard, middle–late Burdigalian.“Damery”, France.Melanopsislamarckii Potiez & Michaud, 1838. Faunus Montfort, 1810 (Pachychilidae). The name “lamarcki” as mentioned in Wenz is an incorrect subsequent spelling.Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeSouverbie, 1872Souverbie 1872: 148.“Baye du Sud” [Baie Sud], New Caledonia.Melanopsismariei Crosse, 1869.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Environs de Constantinople” [surroundings of Istanbul], Turkey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Belus, près de Saint-Jean-d’Acre, en Syrie” , Israel.Melanopsiscostata . Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875Cernikian, Pliocene.“Slobodnica; [...] Sibin [Sibinj]; [...] Malino; [...] Gromačnik; [...] Čapla [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod]; [...] Cigelnik”, Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1927Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Из карагачких пескова” [from the sands of Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 211 (Milošević 1962: 23).PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Langhian, middle Miocene.“Ribarić; Turjake [Turjaci]”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 94) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen is part of the original type series and whether it was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2982-628.lanzae” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLetourneux & Bourguignat, 1887“Des environs de Nefta; [...] dans l’Oued Gabès et aux alentours de Tozer” , Tunisia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Carez, 1879Early–middle Eocene.“La Maladrerie (Brasles); Gland (Aisne)”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Lueger, 1980Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Föllig d1 [...] und d2” [Föllig hill near Großhöflein], Austria.Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria. The number Lueger provided is not the collection number but the acqusition number, which could be used to trace back the object in our database.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1918“Taza, Ain en nsa, source est, chaude” , Morocco.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeRossmässler, 1839“In der Laibach; in der Save” [Ljubljanica and Sava rivers] , Slovenia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Brot (1870: 310) and Brot (1874: 370)[unavailable]“Lemberg, Galizien” [Lviv], Ukraine.Hemisinus [now Esperiana] acicularis in Nomen nudum, apparently based on an unused manuscript name. It appears only in the synonymy list of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeReeve, 1860Melanopsis, pl. 3, figs 9a–b.“New Caledonia” (France) [no locality indicated].Melanopsisfrustulum Morelet, 1857.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisfossilis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1897Congeriarhomboidea Zone, Portaferrian, late Miocene.“Lepavina”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 94) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen is part of the original type series and whether it was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 3003-649.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rivière entre Plaski et Ostaria, et dans la Save entre Agram et Sissek” , Croatia.Fagotia [= Esperiana] acroxia Bourguignat, 1884Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans la rivière d’Ogulin, en Croatie; [...] dans la Migliaska, près de Sérajewo” .Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans la source et la rivière de la Moulouiah, à l’ouest de Lalla-Maghnia” , Morocco or Algeria.Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1872, et Letourneux”, apparently referring to Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“La Save, au-dessous d’Agram” [Sava river below Zagreb], Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMoricand, 1841PageBreak“Rio de Pedra Branca, procince de Bahia” , Brazil.Verena by Adams and Adams (1854) (Thiaridae), of which Melanopsiscrenocarinata is the type species .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a” : 559, AuMelanopsisscalaris Handmann, 1882, non Gassies, 1856. Melanopsishaueri Handmann, 1882.Replacement name for PageBreakPageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Djishr ech Chegour” [Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.unicincta” in the plate captions. Melanopsismultiformis Blanckenhorn, 1897.Pallary erroneously gave the name as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Anistratenko, 1993Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Окр. с. Мокви, Очамчирский р-н” , Georgia.Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev; no number indicated.Pseudofagotia Anistratenko, 1993.Type species of the genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1857“La rivière Balade” [in the river Balade], New Caledonia.Melanialineolata Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833 as a Melanopsis, which resulted in secondary homonymy for his species Melanopsislineoloata Gassies, 1857. Thus, he introduced Melanopsislivida as a replacement name. Secondary homonymy, however, is not given anymore, since Melanialineolata Gray was recently shown to belong to the genus Cerithidea Swainson, 1840 (Potamididae) by Melanialineolata Gray is a junior homonym of Melanialineolata Wood, 1828). Melanopsislivida is a junior objective synonym of Melanopsislineolata Gassies . Melanopsisfrustulum Morelet, 1857.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1936“Guefaït ”, Morocco.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1869“Prope Noumea” [near Nouméa], New Caledonia.Melanopsisfrustulum Morelet, 1857.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1861[invalid]“Le Diahot à Balade” [in the Diahot river at Balade], New Caledonia.Melanopsislineolata Gassies, 1856, non Melanialineolata Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833. Secondary homonymy, however, is not given anymore, since Melanialineolata Gray was recently shown to belong to the genus Cerithidea Swainson, 1840 (Potamididae) by Melanialineolata Gray is a junior homonym of Melanialineolata Wood, 1828). Melanopsislivida is a junior objective synonym of Melanopsislineolata Gassies. Melanopsisfrustulum Morelet, 1857.Replacement name for the presumed secondary homonym Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBlanckenhorn, 1897Pleistocene (?)–Recent.“Lebend im See von Antiochia. Halbfossil bei Selemije” .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans le lac Sabandja, près d’Ismidt (Anatolie)” [Lake Sapanca near İzmit], Turkey.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1882”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1928Badenian, middle Miocene.PageBreak“Wyczółki (wrzynka kol. trans. na zachodnio-południowym końcu wsi)” : 76 , Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007Late Pleistocene.“Aллювия V террасы р. Дунай у с. Нагорное” [Alluvial terrace V of the Danube river near Nagornoye], Ukraine.Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, coll. no. 6461.longus”), but Microcolpia is feminine, which is why the name must be “longa”.Originally the gender was indicated as masculine , late Miocene.“Babadjan” ”, Greece.Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1895Early Messinian, late Miocene.“S. Marzano Oliveto”, Italy.Melanopsisfusulatina Sacco, 1895.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGuirao, 1854“In rivulo Rambla de Viznaga et in Pantano de Puentes non procul Lorca in Regno Murcico” , Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Andrusov, 1909Pontian (sensu stricto), late Miocene.“Babadjan” [Babadzhan], Azerbaijan.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Locard, 1893Middle–late Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Vernier, près Genève”, Switzerland.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLocard, 1883“Lac d’Antioche” [Lake Anuk ], Turkey.Lorteti” in Locard’s remarks on p. 272, which is apparently based on a typesetting error.Appears as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1893Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.“Ripanj”, Serbia.Milan et al. (1974: 94) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen is part of the original type series and whether it was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 3639-1279/1.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neubauer in Neubauer et al., 2011Early Langhian, middle Miocene.“Sinj, Lučane [= Sutina] section”, Croatia.Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 2010/0042/0001.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† ?Cossmann, 1886Eocene.“Houdan”, France.Nozeba Iredale, 1915 (Iravadiidae) by This taxon was considered to belong to the marine genus PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Erber (1868: 904)[unavailable]“Rhodus” , Greece.Luciae” in Nomen nudum. Erber attributed the authority to Mousson. Given as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Lac de Homs”, Syria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Speyer, 1870Early Rupelian, Oligocene.“Grossalmerode” : 71, GerMelaniacostata Ludwig, 1865, non Olivier, 1804.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846Pannonian, late Miocene.“Entre Koulana et Lus-han” , Albania.Lus-Hani”; the name “Lushami” as mentioned in Melanopsisfossilis .Originally the name was introduced as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“‘Ain Haglan” [not found], Iraq.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeStarobogatov & Izzatullaev, 1985“Пустыне Деште-Лут” [Dasht-e Loot desert], Iran.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGermain, 1921“Lac d’Homs”, Syria.Melanopsissaulcyi Bourguignat, 1853.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Matheron, 1842Early Campanian, Cretaceous.“Les Martigues”, France.Paludomus Swainson, 1840 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1869[invalid]Langhian, middle Miocene.“Ribaric” [Ribarić], Croatia.Illustrated syntype is stored at the Geological Survey Austria, Vienna, coll. no. 1869/01/6.Melanopsislyrata Neumayr, 1869 [June] is deemed to be a junior homonym of Melanopsislirata Gassies, 1869 [January] after Art. 58.2. Melanopsisdissimilis as replacement name. Melanopsiscylindracea Brusina, 1874.Unlike stated by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“La rivière entre Plaski et Ostaria (Croatie)” [river between Plaški and Oštarije], Croatia.Microcolpiaacicularis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Burgerstein, 1877Late Miocene.PageBreak“Ueskueb” [Skopje], Macedonia ], Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Ziegler” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 13)[unavailable]“In der Muhr” [in the river Mur], Austria.MelaniaHolandri” [sic] by Nomen nudum, apparently based on an unused manuscript name from Parreyss listed in synonymy of “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1953Gelasian, early Pleistocene.“Pyrgos”, Greece.Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Le Guadalquivir aux environs de Séville” , Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLea, 1837“Peru” [no locality indicated].Hemisinusosculati  (Thiaridae) after Junior synonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916[invalid]Burdigalian, early Miocene (?).“Dax”, France.magna” as available name attributed to Melanopsisdufourii Férussac, 1822 , but Melanopsis is feminine, which is why the name must be “magna”. Junior homonym of Melanopsismagna Pallary, 1916.Originally the gender was indicated as masculine . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 3020-666.Milan et al. (1974: 93) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand when describing Melanopsisklericiinermis Brusina, 1897, non Handmann, 1882 (see Note 1).Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “Férussac, 1823” mentioned in Wenz (1929: 2773)[unavailable]Burdigalian, early Miocene.“De Mandillot, près de Dax” , France.Melanopsisdufourii var. ε and listed “Fossilis, major. Férussac” in synonymy referring to plate 1 of the “Mélanopsides fossiles” of his “Histoire naturelle” . Fossilis, maxima”. Obviously neither major nor maxima was intended as species-group name by Férussac. Later, the name would have been a junior homonym of Melaniabuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838.This name has appeared several times in the literature e.g., : 2773, bTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Grateloup, 1838Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Dax. [...] Mandillot; à Saint-Paul”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeRossmässler, 1839[invalid]“In der Lachina bei Tschernembl, [...] in dem Bug” [in the Lahinja river near Črnomelj (Slovenia) and in the Bug river (Ukraine)].Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1864[invalid]PageBreak“Mostaghanem” [Mostaganem], Algeria.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Dans les aqueducs de Séville et dans le Guadalquivir” [in the aqueducts of Sevilla and in the Guadalquivir river], Spain.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Le Guadalquivir aux environs de Séville” , Spain.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Environs de Fez (Maroc)” [surroundings of Fes], Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1899[invalid]“Environs de Tétouan” [surrondings of Tétouan], Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1899[invalid]PageBreak“L’O.[ued] Ida ou Guert, près de Mogador (p.); O. Aït Ouadel (p. 163)”  , Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1901[invalid]Pleistocene.“De l’oued El Biod (Géryville)” [Oudeï el Biod near El Bayadh], Algeria.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1911[invalid]“Tout près d’Oudjda, à 4 kilom. S.-E., sourdent les belles sources de Sidi-Yahia qui alimentent une véritable oasis, puis la ville d’Oudjda, et vont finalement se déverser dans l’oued Isly” , Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1912[invalid]“A Tozeur, sur les bords du Chott [Djerid?]” [banks of the Chott el Djérid at Tozeur], Tunisia.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920[invalid]“La Makina”, Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920[invalid]“Aïn Allou”, Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1924[invalid]“Eaux de Mathen, Alhama de Aragon” , Spain.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1924[invalid]“Guadalquivir”, Spain.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Magrograssi, 1928[invalid]Plio-Pleistocene.“Coo: molto frequente in tutte e due le zone fossilifere” , Greece.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species ”, Morocco).Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]Not stated but probably the same or partly as for the species .Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1936[invalid]Not indicated, but probably in Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]“Lac d’Antioche, lac de Homs, Nahr el Kébir, Markieh, Yeni Chehir” .Melanopsisbuccinoideamajor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jodot, 1958[unavailable]Middle Miocene.“Route de Caravaca (Murcie)” , Spain.Introduced as “mut. nov.” which is not ruled by the provisions of the Code.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Hermite [unavailable]Early Eocene.“De Binisalem et de Selva” , Spain.Nomen nudum, listed by Hermite in a section called “Espèces nouvelles citées et non décrites” [= “new species identified and not described”], where he listed 18 new names that he intended to describe in the second volume of his “Études géologiques sur les îles Baléares”. That part, however, has never been published, probably because Hermite died in 1880.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cossmann, 1906Ypresian, Eocene.“Perauba” [section Peralba near Àger], Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Noulet, 1854Noulet 1854: 50.Ludian?–Sannoisian, Priabonian–early Rupelian, late Eocene–early Oligocene.“Au Mas-Saintes-Puelles (Aude); [...] de la Massale, près de Castres; [...] à Labruguière; [...] à Saint-Genest-de-Contest, à Lautrec (Tarn)” , France.masensis” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bourguignat, 1862Pleistocene.“Dans la daya de Habessa, ancien lac desséché, situé à plus de 200 lieues environ au sud d’Oran” , Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Robles, 1975Mammal zone MN 13–15, late Miocene–Pliocene.PageBreak“Fuente del Viso (Albacete)” [near Villatoya], Spain.Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, coll. no. M-435.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Braun in Walchner, 1851Braun in Walchner 1851: 1127.Early Miocene.“Mainzer Becken” , Germany.Melanopsisfritzei Thomä, 1845.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeCrosse, 1869“In loco ‘Baie du Sud’” [Baie Sud], New Caledonia.Re-described in French by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1930Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec” .Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMorelet, 1853“Prov. Oranensem” , Morocco.Buccina Maroccana”. However, according to Opinion 184 (ICZN 1944), species names introduced in volumes 1–11 of Martini and Chemnitz’ “Neues Systematischer Conchylien Cabinet” (1769–1795) have no status in nomenclature and the name is therefore not available from this work. The name was again listed by Melanopsisdufourii Férussac, 1822  Morelet (as well as Bourguignat) referred to Chemnitz’ work – but only to figs 2080–2081 – and listed Melanopsisdufourei [sic] as a synonym. Morelet did not provide a description or illustrations on his own; the brief Latin description he gave below the synonymy list refers to the unnamed variety β. The reference to the illustrations in Chemnitz nonetheless suffices as indication of a new taxon; the correct name is therefore Melanopsismaroccana Morelet, 1853. Although Melanopsisdufourii as a junior synonym of Melanopsismaroccana, the two names are no objective synonyms because Morelet referred to more specimens than just the holotype of Melanopsisdufourii (fig. 16). Note, moreover, that Morelet’s synonymization is likely based on a wrong concept of Melanopsisdufourii, which is a fossil species described from the Miocene of France.The first to adopt marocana” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Près de Taforalt; Oued Cherâa à Berkane” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Matheron, 1842Early Campanian, Cretaceous.“Les Martigues”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Férussac, 1823Pannonian, late Miocene.“Dans les environs de Bisentz et de Scharditz, en Moravie, dans la vallée de la Marsch, affluent du Danube” , Czech Republic.Melanopsisfossilis (for details see there). The name “martinii” as mentioned by numerous authors , Italy.Melanopsisnarzolina d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1911“Berguent, le Ras al Aïqun des Beni-Mattar” [Ras el Aïn at Aïn Beni Mathar], Morocco.Melanopsisletourneuxi sensu Pallary, 1899 , non Bourguignat, 1884.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1922[invalid]Melanopsismauritanica Bourguignat, 1884.Unjustified emendation and therefore junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Çà et là de Maroc” .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cossmann, 1888Sparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.“Mont Bernon” [near Épernay], France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeDautzenberg, 1894“Bir Jaloûd” .PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeSchütt & Bilgin, 1974“Sakarya başi, main spring of Sakarya river near village Çifteler, 60 km SE Eskişehir, 160 km WSW of Ankara”, Turkey.Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, coll. no. SMF 232011.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBlanckenhorn, 1897“Dans les eaux le l’ancien Léonthes” : 51 “De la petite rivière de Guadaira qui se jette dans le Guadalquivir” [in the little river Guadaira which flows into the Guadalquivir], Spain.Melanopsismaroccanamedia Blanckenhorn, 1897 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neubauer, Mandic, Harzhauser & Hrvatović, 2013Langhian, middle Miocene.“Žepj” : 480 Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Melanopsissikorai: Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Nomen nudum. If available, it would be a junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeHeller & Sivan, 2000“En Haruv [...], a small spring on the Golan Heights that pours into a small cement pool” [near Kefar Haruv], Syria.National mollusc collection of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, coll. no. HUJ 7966.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMoricand, 1841“Rio de Pedra Branca, procince de Bahia” , Brazil.Verena by Adams and Adams (1854) (Thiaridae), of which Melanopsiscrenocarinata is the type species ], Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“‘Ain Arouss (la source de la fiancée), près de Tell Abiad, d’où naît le Nahr Bâhlik, qui se jette dans Euphrate, un peu au-dessous de Rakka, la métropole de Haroun el Rachid” , Syria.Melanopsisinfracincta Martens, 1874.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1932Pontian (Dacian Basin), late Miocene–Pliocene.“Села Дрсника” [village Drsnik], Kosovo.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 1196 (Milošević 1962: 24).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Mézérib” [Muzayrib], Syria.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Anistratenko, 1993Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Окр. с. Мокви, Очамчирский р-н” , Georgia.Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Late Miocene.“À St. Agata près de Tortone”  [at Sant’Agata Fossili near Tortona], Italy.Melanopsiscarinata sensu Michelotti, 1847, non Sowerby, 1826. Melanopsisbonellii Manzoni, 1870.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Près de Jéricho, dans la fontaine de Jérémie ” , Palestine.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Ruisseau de la source de la Moulouiah, près de Lalla-Maghnia sur la frontière marocaine (prov. d’Oran)” , Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Newton (1891: 203)[unavailable]Woolwich Beds, early Eocene.Woolwich, United Kingdom.Melanopsismicrostoma Bourguignat, 1884.Nomen nudum. If available, it would be a junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMousson, 1863“De l’intérieur de la Mingrélie [...], puis de Réduktaleh” , Georgia.Mousson attributed the authority to Bayer, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author. Bayer only seems to have collected a part of the material.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Blanckenhorn, 1897Plio-Pleistocene.“In der tiefsten Thonbank des linken Orontesufers bei Dschisr esch-Schurr” [in the lowest clay bank at the left riverside of the Orontes near Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.Introduced as “n. mut.” but clearly as a binomen and hence not infrasubspecific in the sense of ICZN Art. 45.6.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Grateloup, 1838Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Dax. [...] Mandillot; à Saint-Paul”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeRossmässler, 1839[invalid]“In schwach schwefeligen Quellen [...] bei Vöslau unweit Baden” [in weakly sulfurous springs stones and sands at Vöslau near Baden], Austria.Melanopsisdaudebartii [Prevost], 1821, which Rossmässler listed in synonymy. Moreover, the name is a junior homonym of Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMartens, 1874[invalid]“Quellen des Chabur bei Ras-el-Ain” [source of Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.PageBreakMelanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Locard, 1878[invalid]Tortonian, late Miocene.“À Tersannes près de Hauterives (Drôme)” [at Tersanne near Hauterives], France.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1). Melanopsisbonellii Manzoni, 1870.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Ruisseau d’eau chaude à Ouargla (prov. de Constantine) et eaux thermales du Djérid, au nord du chott Tiraoun (sud de la Tunisie)” .Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Lac d’Antioche” [Lake Anuk ], Turkey.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1). Melanopsisblanckenhorni as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Environs d’Alep, à Sadjour-Sou, à quatre kilom. en aval d’Aïn-Taïb; ruisseaux à Doumar, sur l’oued Baradah, près Aïn-Fidji, et à Banias, en Syrie” .Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Not indicated, but probably as for the species .Microcolpiacornea .Melania (Amphimelania) holandrif.minor Westerlund, 1886 [invalid]Not indicated.Melaniatuberculataminor Brot, 1877 from Sri Lanka (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1911[invalid]“Tout près d’Oudjda, à 4 kilom. S.-E., sourdent les belles sources de Sidi-Yahia qui alimentent une véritable oasis, puis la ville d’Oudjda, et vont finalement se déverser dans l’oued Isly” , Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1911[invalid]“Berguent, le Ras al Aïqun des Beni-Mattar” [Ras el Aïn at Aïn Beni Mathar], Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1912[invalid]“Des bords du Chott Djerid, à Tozeur” [banks of the Chott el Djérid at Tozeur], Tunisia.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920[invalid]“Tétouan”, Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920[unavailable]Not indicated, but probably as for the variety .Introduced as infrasubspecific taxon, which is not ruled by the provisions of the Code.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920[invalid]“Dar Batha” [near Fes], Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920[invalid]“Fès: source près de la ferme proche du pont neuf, à dar Mahrès; Sidi Harazen (source chaude); Moulai Idriss du Zehroun, source sulfureuse chaude; El Menzel; Tazouta” , Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1924[invalid]“Fortuna et Caravala [Caravaca?] (Murcia). Lorca, Valencia et Alicante”, Spain.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1924[invalid]Spain [no locality indicated].Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]“Bel Hadi-Kenadsa (Sud Oranais)” , Algeria.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]“O. Taguenout” , Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]“Dans l’oued Daï” [not found], Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]“Moulaï Taïeb” [Moulay Taïeb], Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Name appears only in the plate captions. Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]Not stated but probably the same or partly as for the species .Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]“Dans l’oued Daï” [not found], Morocco.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1930[invalid]“Dans l’eau tiède du bassin de Diane, à Smyrne” [in warm water basin of Halkapınar at Izmir], Turkey.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]“Ras el ‘Ain du Khabour” [Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]“Dans le canal de la Butte de tir, à 7 km Sud de Baghdad” , Iraq.Melanopsisnodosa Férussac in the plate captions. Junior homonym of Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Ranked as a variety of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]“Dans les sources de Mézérib, au N. O. de Derâa ” , Syria.Melanopsisbuccinoideaminor Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1979Mammal zone MN 10, late Miocene.“Milessi” [Milesi], Greece.Institute of Paleontology, University of Vienna; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1936Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .strictaminor-”.Originally spelt as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Willmann, 1980Viannos Formation, early Tortonian, late Miocene.“Tongrube 1 km westlich von Limin Chersonisou/Kreta” , Greece.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Mammal zone MN 10–12, late Miocene.“De Cuiseaux”, France.Used as valid name by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Fontaine froide du Hammam à Brousse (Anatolie); Nahr-Antalies dans le Liban (Syrie); puits artésien de Tamerna-Kedima, dans le Ziban (Algérie)” .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Langhian, middle Miocene.“Vrba; Sinj (Stuparuša); Turiake [Turjaci]”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 94) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen is part of the original type series and whether it was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2972-618.Melanopsislyrata Neumayr, 1869.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Andrusov, 1909Pontian (sensu stricto), late Miocene.“Babadjan” [Babadzhan], Azerbaijan.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1955Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene.“Nord-Nordwestlich von der Solfatare bei Susaki” [north-northwest of Solfatara Sousáki], Greece.Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens; no number indicated.Amphimelaniagayi [sic] after First mentioned as nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Kühn, 1963[invalid]Mammal zone MN 10, late Miocene.“Peristeri”, Greece.Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens, coll. no. 1963/83.Melanopsis (Melanosteira) mitzopoulosi Papp, 1955 but clearly described the species as new. Neither did Melanopsislonga Deshayes in Férussac, 1839. Moreover, Papp stated that Kühn’s species was based on the material collected by The status of this species is unclear. First of all, Kühn did not at all refer to the senior homonym Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMousson, 1874Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Melanopsisnodosa Férussac, 1822, which is actually a fossil species described from the Miocene of France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Bogachev [unavailable]Miocene.“Tori bei Borshomi” [Tori near Borjomi], Georgia.PageBreakMelanopsisnodosamoderata Mousson, 1874 (see Note 1).The name was only mentioned in a species list by Bogachev without description or illustration. If available, it would be a junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1911“À Colomb-Béchar” [Bechar], Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Bogachev [unavailable]Miocene.“Tori bei Borshomi” [Tori near Borjomi], Georgia.The name was only mentioned in a species list by Bogachev without description or illustration.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928“Aïn Foum el Ançeur et Tirboula, près de Ksiba ” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944Early Pannonian, late Miocene.“Turislav-Tal bei Soceni” [Turislav valley near Soceni], Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944[invalid]Early Pannonian, late Miocene.“Turislav-Tal bei Soceni” [Turislav valley near Soceni], Romania.Melanopsismoesiensis Jekelius, 1944 (same work). Melanopsismoesiensis (since Melanoptychia is considered a synonym of Melanopsis).Junior secondary homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1911“Dans les sources et la rivière du jardin du Sultan, à Mogador” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“D’Agadir” : 71, MorMelanopsispraerosa [= Melanopsispraemorsa] sensu Morelet, 1880, non Linnaeus, 1758. Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1881”.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1880Langhian, middle Miocene.“Žepj” [Džepi], Bosnia and Herzegovina.The type material, with all specimens studied by Neumayr (1880), is lost. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Vidal, 1917Cretaceous.“Lignitos de Selva y Binisalém” [lignites of Selva and Binissalem], Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Dollfus (1922: 118)[unavailable]Apolakkia/Monolithos Formation, Pliocene.Melanopsisbiliottii). “Rhodos”  at the road to Marrakech], Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1916[invalid]“Dans les eaux de l’ancien Léonthes” : 51 , Romania.Melanopsissikoraicarinata that, if raised to species, he suggests “Melanopsismucronifera” as name for the taxon. Both names were simultaneously published and are objective PageBreaksynonyms. Since Melanopsiscarinata Kormos is a junior homonym of Melanopsiscarinata Sowerby, 1826, Melanopsismucronifera is the valid name of the taxon. Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Obviously unaware of the fact that variety names are available in nomenclature as species-group names, Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.multicostellata” as mentioned by Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai  by Considered as a junior synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Schréter, 1975[invalid]Riss/Würm end to early Würm Ice Age, Pleistocene.“Eger, az egri vár Zárkándy bástyájának vasúti átmetszése” , Hungary.Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet , Budapest; no number indicated.Melanopsistothivar.multifilosa Brusina, 1903. Melanopsisdoboi to the genus Microcolpia.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Blanckenhorn, 1897Plio-Pleistocene.“In der ersten Thonbank des linken Orontesufers bei Dschisr esch-Schurr” [in the first clay bank at the left riverside of the Orontes near Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.Introduced as “n. mut.”  but clearly as a binomen and hence not infrasubspecific in the sense of ICZN Art. 45.6.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Roule, 1884Calcaire de Rognac, Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.“À Fuveau, Puyloubier, Ollières”, France.Melanopsidae.Probably not a Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 427)[unavailable]Not indicated.Melanopsiscostata  by Nomen nudum; apparently based on an unpublished manuscript name from Ziegler and listed in synonymy of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Environs d’Agora et d’Alhama (Aragon), en Espagne; Relizane, dans la plaine du Cheliff, en Algérie” .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Ruisseau du puits artésien de Ngouça; Chetma, près de Biskra, et environs d’Ouargla, dans le sud de la province de Constantine” , Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928“Tiout, dans l’Anti Atlas”, Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeKobelt, 1881[invalid]“Teplica” [thermal springs Teplice (?)], Slovakia.nana = Latin “tiny”). Kobelt PageBreak(1881) referred the name to Brot’s illustration, making it thereby available. However, the name is a junior homonym of Melanianana Lea & Lea, 1850.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeNevill, 1884[unavailable]“Persia; [...] Shiraz”, Iran.Introduced infrasubspecific taxon (“subvariety”), which is not ruled by the provisions of the Code.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePaetel, 1888“Sea of Galilee” : 212, IsOriginally introduced as infrasubspecific taxon (“subvariety”) by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†d’Archiac in Viquesnel, 1846Late Miocene.“Piémont” [no locality indicated], Italy.M.[elanopsis] narsolina” [sic]. However, the name Melanopsisnarzolina - probably the “correct” spelling sensu Bonelli - has been in prevailing usage since then. For reasons of stability the name narzolina should be maintained according to Art. 33.3.1 .PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1893Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.“Ripanj”, Serbia.Milan et al. (1974: 95) indicated collection numbers for “syntypes” illustrated in nesicii” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Tournouër, 1874Mammal zone MN 11, late Miocene.“Visan”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1923“Gafsa, dans les eaux refroidies” , Tunisia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBiggs, 1934“Qanat at Ginehkan near Kerman, S. Persia”, Iran.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Fer.” mentioned in Paetel (1888: 402)[unavailable]Mesopotamia, no locality indicated], Iraq.“Mesopot.” , Georgia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1912[invalid]“Des bords du Chott Djerid, à Tozeur” [banks of the Chott el Djérid at Tozeur], Tunisia.Melanopsisnobilis Seninski, 1905.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“La Save à Agram et la rivière entre Plaski et Ostaria (Croatie); le Danube à Ibraïla” .Fagotia [= Esperiana] esperi .Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisvaricosanodescens. It is unclear whether he actually introduced a new variety or ranked the species described in 1882 as variety of Melanopsisvaricosa Handmann, 1882. Melanopsisnodescens Handmann, 1882 as a junior synonym of Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1920Late Villafranchian, early Pleistocene.“Roccantica presso Poggio Mirteto; Fra Otricoli e le Vigne” : 62–63 , Italy.Melanopsidae, the only specimen illustrated in 1822 in the “Histoire naturelle” was a fossil one from the Villafranchian of Italy. This fact remained widely unknown to biologists and paleontologists alike. The consequence, however, is that probably none of the specimens referred to as Melanopsisnodosa in the biological literature . While re e.g., , 1996 orre e.g., , which rMelanopsisaffinis Férussac” or “Melanopsisantiqua Fèrussac”  [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod]; Kovačevac; Novska; Farkašić; Dubranjec”, Croatia.PageBreakMelanopsisnodosa Férussac, 1822. Melanopsisnodosula as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882[invalid]Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisnodosa Férussac, 1822. Melanopsisvenusta as replacement name. Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Doncieux, 1908[invalid]Middle Lutetian, Eocene.“Au Nord d’Albas”, France.Melanopsisnodosa Férussac, 1822.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Reeve (1860) and Brot (1874–1879: 13)[unavailable]Not indicated.Melaniahollandri [sic]. If available, it would be a junior homonym of Melanianodosa Münster, 1841. Note that the latter species is certainly no Melanopsidae as it derives from the marine deposits of the Triassic St. Cassian Fm.Nomen nudum, apparently based on an unused manuscript name from Parreyss see  or StentTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1928Cernikian, Pliocene.“Podvinje (Čaplja) [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod]; Kovačevac; Novska; Farkašić; Dubranjec” : 41, CroMelaniacostatanodosa Brusina, 1874, non Férussac, 1822 (see Note 1).Replacement name for PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Langhian, middle Miocene.“Miočić”, Croatia.The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated .Melanopsisinconstans Neumayr, 1869.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Magrograssi, 1928[invalid]Plio-Pleistocene.“Coo: V. Armiri” [Kos island: Armiri valley (?)], Greece.Melanopsisinconstansnodulosa Brusina, 1874 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat in Noetling, 1886“Aus dem Jarmūk bei el Hammi [...] auch bei el-Hāwijān [fossil]” [from the Yarmuk river at Al Ḩammah and as fossil near Jisr al Ḩāwī], Jordan.Melanopsismultiformis Blanckenhorn, 1897. Melanopsisobliqua Bourguignat, 1884.Noetling clearly referred to “Bourguignat’s new species”, which is why the authority should read as “Bourguignat in Noetling, 1886”. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1928Cernikian, Pliocene.“Novska (Bukovica)” : 7, CroaM. [constricta] subcostata . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2993-639.Milan et al. (1974: 88) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand when describing PageBreakMelanopsisconstrictasubcostata Brusina, 1897, non Melanopsissubcostata d’Orbigny, 1850. The name “novskaensis” as mentioned in Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePicard, 1934“Obedieh” [El ‘Ubeidīya], Israel.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Tausch, 1886Late Santonian–early Campanian, late Cretaceous.“Csingerthal bei Ajka” [Csinger valley near Ajka], Hungary.Esperiana by The species was attributed to the genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1856“Dans l’Oued-Lisser, sur la route de Sidi-bel-Abess, à Tlemcen” , Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrot, 1868[invalid]“Prope Cehejin Prov. Murcia” , Spain.Melanopsisobesa Guirao mss.”. Although Melanopsisobesa Gassies, 1856. Melanopsisguiraoi as replacement name.The species was described as “PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Locard  and Bourguignat (1884: 141)[unavailable]“Le Jourdain et le lac de Tibériade” [river Jordan and Sea of Galilee], Israel.Melanopsisobesa Gassies, 1856.Nomen nudum. If available, it would be a junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1901[invalid]Late Miocene.“Smendou” [Zighoud Youcef], Algeria.Melanopsisobesa Gassies, 1856. Melanopsisdoumergueiplena as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902[invalid]Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec”, Croatia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2492-138, 2493-139 .Melanopsisobesa Gassies, 1856. It was considered as a junior synonym of Melanopsispygmaea Hörnes, 1856 by Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1904“De l’Aïn bou Smelal près de Tétouan” [‘Aïn bou Smelal (?) near Tetouan], Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Le Bélus, près de Saint-Jean-d’Acre” , Israel.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Djishr ech Chegour” [Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.Melanopsismultiformis Blanckenhorn, 1897. Melanopsiscostata .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Blanckenhorn, 1897Plio-Pleistocene.Dreissena layers at Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.“In der Dreissensiaschicht von Dschisr esch-Schurr” , Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMartens, 1874[invalid]“Quellen des Chabur bei Ras-el-Ain” [source of Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.Melanopsisobsoleta Fuchs, 1873.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeDautzenberg, 1894[invalid]“Palmyre, dans un ruisseau et dans la rivière Ephéca” , Syria.Melanopsisobsoleta Fuchs, 1873.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deshayes, 1825PageBreakCuisian, late Ypresian, Eocene.“Retheuil près de Pierre-Fonds” , France.Coptostylus (Thiaridae), which was followed by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920[invalid]“Meknès, près de anciennes écuries” , Morocco.Melanopsisobtusa Deshayes, 1824.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePaetel, 1888“Persia” : 209, Iracuticarinata” [sic] for an infrasubspecific taxon (“subvariety”), which he briefly described. ocuticarinata remains the valid spelling because Nevill’s “acuticarinata” is not available as species-group name.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Locard, 1883Mammal zone MN 9–12, late Miocene.“Priay; [...] Niquedet” (p. 150), France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Hoeninghaus (1831: 143)[unavailable]Burdigalian, early Miocene (?).“Dax”, France.Melanopsisoliva De Cristofori & Jan, 1832.Nomen nudum. If available, it would be a junior homonym of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeDe Cristofori & Jan, 1832“Am. mer.” [South America], indicated in the previous part of the same work .Melanopsidae.Certainly not a Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Entre Ain-Taib et Alep, à Sadjour-Sou; [...] du Nahr-el-Kelb, près Beyrouth; de divers cours d’eau du Liban; de Serghaia dans l’ouady Baradah près de Damas; de la fontaine Jérémie près de Jéricho; environs de Constantinople” .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Grateloup, 1828Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Mandillot”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLetourneux & Bourguignat, 1887[invalid]“À Nefta, dans les canaux d’arrosement et à El-Hammam, près Tozer” , Tunisia.Melanopsisolivula Grateloup, 1838. Melanopsisdoumeti Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Halaváts, 1914Sarmatian (sensu stricto), middle Miocene.“Graben unterhalb der Gemeinde-Baumschule östlich von Oltszakadát” , Romania.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Stefanescu, 1896Pliocene.“À Plostina, à Leurda et à Stângaceana, dans la vallée de Motru; à Valea-lui-Câne, dans la vallée de Gilortu; à Breasta, à Bocovatz et à Bâzdâna, dans la vallée de Jiu; à Beceni, dans la vallée de Slanic de Buzau; à Plaiu et à Chiojdeni, dans la vallée de Râmnicu-Sarat” , Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Cernikian, Pliocene.“Bečić; Podvinje (Čaplja) [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod]; Sibinj”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 95) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 3206-852/1.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†De Stefani, 1877Villafranchian, Plio-Pleistocene.“Spoleto [...], Orciano [...], fra S. Gemini e Carsoli” , Italy.Melaniabuccinoidea sensu Férussac, 1823, non Olivier, 1801 (partim) as well as for formerly misidentified Melanopsisnarzolina. Melanopsisaffinis Férussac”, which is not an available name.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1926Pliocene?PageBreak“D’un puits, profond de 25 mètres, situé dans la propriété Lamur, sur la rive gauche d’un ravinement creusé par les eaux pluviales dans une dépression de terrain, perpendiculaire au chemin d’Aïn Beïda” (p. 284) , Algeria.Pallary cited in the synonymy list his paper on the fauna of the “Berbérie”, which appeared in the Journal de Conchyliologie. That work, however, was not published before March 1928.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bukowski, 1892Apolakkia/Monolithos Formation, Pliocene.“Rhodos” [unavailable]Not indicated (except from “de l’Orient”).Nomen nudum, listed by Mousson without any explanation.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deshayes, 1862Sparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.“Sainceny”, France.Eginea Pacaud & Harzhauser, 2012 (Pachychilidae).Type species of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fuchs, 1877Pliocene.“Kalamaki” [near Corinth], Greece.Paludina Férussac, 1812 is a junior objective synonym of Viviparus Montfort, 1810, this species is a junior homonym of Viviparaornata Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875. Amphimelania and introduced Amphimelaniafuchsi as replacement name.Since PageBreakPageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“L’Oronte à Djisr ech Chogour” [in the Orontes at Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“M. Mario: Farnesina” : 183, ItMelanopsispraemorsa sensu Cerulli-Irelli, 1914, non Linnaeus, 1758.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1979Mammal zone MN 10, late Miocene.“Milessi” [Milesi], Greece.Institute of Paleontology, University of Vienna; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Grateloup, 1838Sparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.“Épernay”, France.Melaniabuccinoidea var. a” in Introduced for “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeDunker, 1862“Rotoitisee” [Lake Rotoiti], New Zealand.Zemelanopsistrifasciata .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deffner & Fraas, 1877PageBreakMammal zone MN 6, middle Miocene.“Trendel” [in Nördlinger Ries], Germany.Melanopsiskleinii Kurr, 1856.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Le Danube au-dessus de Routschouk (Bulgarie)” [in the Danube river below Ruse], Bulgaria.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeCerulli-Irelli, 1914“M. Mario: Farnesina; Acuatraversa”, Italy.Melanopsisaffinis Férussac”, which is not an available name.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Willmann, 1981Vasilios Formation, middle Tortonian, late Miocene.“Dermen Deressi 400 m westlich des Asklepion, ca. 3 km westlich von Kos-Ort/Kos” , Greece.Geological-Paleontological Institute, University of Kiel, Germany; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Le Guadalquivir entre Séville et Cordoue” [in the Guadalquivir river between Sevilla and Córdoba], Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Watelet, 1853Cuisian, late Ypresian, Eocene.PageBreak“Mercin” [Mercin-et-Vaux], France.Watelet attributed the authority to Deshayes, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“See Tiberias” : 17 , Syria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“La Save près d’Agram” [Sava river at Zagreb], Croatia.PageBreakMicrocolpiacornea .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1927Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Из Карагача” [from Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 213 (Milošević 1962: 23).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1919Early Pleistocene.“Du puits Karoubi” : 178 ”, Hungary.Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum University of Hamburg, coll. no. 4269.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1892Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec”, Croatia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2540-186/1-4 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrot, 1878“Krain, im Gurkfluss” : 686 [inMelanopsispardalis. Mhlf. Mss.” in synonymy of Hemisinusesperi  [currently in Esperiana]. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deshayes, 1825Cuisian, late Ypresian, Eocene.“Cuise-la-Mothe” [Cuise-la-Motte], France.PageBreakCoptostylusalbidus  (Thiaridae).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePhilippi, 1847Late Pleistocene to Recent.“Hungaria” [no locality indicated], Hungary? .parreyssi” as mentioned in Philippi attributed the authority to Johann Georg Megerle von Mühlfeld, apparently based on an “in schedis” determination. The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Burdigalian, early Miocene (?).“Dax”, France.parva” as available name attributed to Melanopsissubbuccinoides d’Orbigny, 1852.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Grateloup, 1838Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Dax. [...] Mandillot”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrot, 1874“Krain” .PageBreakAppeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Le Jourdain, à 4 kilomètres au-dessus de la Mer Morte; Ain-el-Mellaha, dans la plaine du Bahr-el-Houlé” , Israel.Melanopsisolivulaparvula Grateloup, 1838 (see Note 1). Melanopsislampra Bourguignat, 1884.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841Late Miocene.“Del Tortonese” [from the region of Tortona], Italy.Amphimelania by Bellardi and Michelotti attributed the authority to Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Lubenescu, 1981Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Comuna Vingard, 15 km NE de Sebeș-Alba”, Romania.Institute of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bandel & Riedel, 1994Late Santonian–early Campanian, late Cretaceous.“Csingertal, near Ajka (Bakony Mountains)”, Hungary.Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 1994/148.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreakBourguignat, 1880 Langhian, middle Miocene.“Vallée de la Cettina” [Cetina river valley], Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.“Ripanj”, Serbia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2495-141/1-3 .Melanopsispaulovici [sic] as considered by Melanopsisripajensis as replacement name. Note that Art. 58.4. (regarding the use of u or v for the same Latin letter) does not apply here, because the names are not based on Latin words but on the names of two different persons.Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Hörnes, 1856Badenian, middle Miocene.“Forchtenau in Ungarn” , Austria.Amphimelania by pecchioli”, which is an incorrect subsequent spelling.Considered to belong in the genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“De la source de la Moulouiah, au nord de Lalla-Maghnia, près des frontières du Maroc” , Morocco or Algeria.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1882”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1889Late Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Colli torinesi, [...] presso Tetti Varetti” , Italy.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1868“Agora, en Aragon (Espagne)”, Spain.pinchinati” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1892Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec”, Croatia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2532-178/1-4 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Environs de Krapina-Toeplitz (Croatie)” [surroundings of Krapinske toplice], Croatia.Microcolpiaacicularis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePérès, 1946[invalid]Not indicated.First mentioned as nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sandberger, 1875Middle Miocene.“Locle”, Switzerland.PageBreakMelanopsiskleinii Kurr, 1856.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Förster, 1892Early Rupelian, Oligocene.“Kleinkems, [...] Tagolsheim”, Germany.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1918[invalid]“Dans les séguias du Guers” [in the irrigation channel of Guers], Morocco.Melanopsispercarinata Förster, 1892.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Calvert & Neumayr, 1880Late Sarmatian (sensu lato), Khersonian, late Miocene.“Renkiöi” [north of İntepe], Turkey.pergamenica” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1920Cernikian, Pliocene.“Bečić; Podvinje (Čaplja) [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod]; Sibinj; Kovačevac; Novska; Moslavina” : 41–42, Melaniacostata sensu Brusina, 1874, non Olivier, 1804, which has been considered to be the same species as Melaniacostata sensu Neumayr, 1869 . Not included in the Fossilium Catalogus of Probably a junior synonym: introduced for 69 e.g., : 41. For69 e.g., : 168 hadTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePageBreakPallary, 1920 “Oued Fès, à 1.500 mètres en amont de la ville” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1931Badenian, middle Miocene.“Из села Врмџе” [Vrmdža], Serbia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 2888 (Milošević 1962: 24).Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1893Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Orešac”, Serbia.Lectotype designation by Milan et al. (1974: 84) invalid: it is uncertain whether the specimen illustrated by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rivières de Carniole; la Save à Steinbrück” , Slovenia.Fagotia [= Esperiana] acroxia Bourguignat, 1884.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1880”. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bukowski, 1892Salakos Formation, Pliocene.“Rhodos” . phoeneciaca”) a junior synonym of Melanopsiscostata . Melanopsislampra Bourguignat, 1884.The spelling “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in (Pichler 1856: 735–736)Late Cretaceous.“Auf zwei Puncten der Brandenberger Ache. Ungefähr ¾ Stunde nördlich von Binneck [...]. Etwa eine Viertelstunde unter Binneck [...] am linken Ufer der Ache” [At two points along the Brandenberger Ache: about three quarters of an hour north of Pinegg and a quarter of an hour south of Pinegg in Tyrol], Austria.Melanopsidae there or later .After Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans la Save à Agram et à Sissek. Dans la rivière, entre Plaski et Ostaria (Croatie)” [Sava river at Zagreb and Sisak. In the river between Plaški and Oštarije], Croatia.Fagotia [= Esperiana] servainiana Bourguignat, 1884.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1882”. PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“En Croatie, au pont de la Save à Agram, ainsi qu’à Steinbrück; [...] en Bosnie, dans les rivières de Zenica et de la Migliaska à Sérajewo” .Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Aldrich, 1895Early Eocene.“Gregg’s Landing, Alabama”, United States.Melanopsisanita Aldrich, 1886. According to Melanopsidae.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1928Late Miocene.“Smendou” [Zighoud Youcef], Algeria.Melanopsisdoumergueiobesa Pallary, 1901, non Gassies, 1856 (see Note 1).Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007Pliocene.“Oз. Сасык” [Lake Sasyk], Ukraine.Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, coll. no. 4603.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreakBourguignat, 1880 Langhian, middle Miocene.“Vallée de la Cettina” [Cetina river valley], Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Dans le Viar et le Carbanès, entre Cordoue et Séville (Espagne)” , Spain.Melanoptychiapleuroplagia Bourguignat, 1880. It was considered as a junior synonym of Melanopsissevillensis by Junior secondary homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Ruisseaux de l’île d’Ivice, dans les Baléares” [stream on the island of Ibiza], Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1927Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.“У засеоку Рамаћи [...] у Рипњу” [from the village Ramača and from Ripanj], Serbia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 794 (Milošević 1962: 24).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1911“Tout près d’Oudjda, à 4 kilom. S.-E., sourdent les belles sources de Sidi-Yahia qui alimentent une véritable oasis, puis la ville d’Oudjda, et vont finalement se déverser dans l’oued Isly” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePageBreakPallary, 1928 [invalid] “Dans une source tiède à proximité de la Moulouïa” [in a warm source close to the river Moulouya], Morocco.Melanopsisplicata Pallary, 1911.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]“Ras el ‘Ain du Khabour” [Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.Melanopsisbarbiniplicata Pallary, 1911 (see Note 1). Melanopsisinfracincta Martens, 1874.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1880Pannonian, late Miocene; late Burdigalian to early Langhian, early–middle Miocene.“Posušje; [...] Seonica”, Bosnia and Herzegovina.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Langhian, middle Miocene.“Miočić”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 96) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen is part of the original type series and whether it was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2976-622/1-2.Melanopsisinconstans Neumayr, 1869.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Brusina (1903: 110)[unavailable]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Melanopsisthemaki, because Melanopsisinconstansplicatula Brusina, 1874 (see Note PageBreak1). Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Nomen nudum. If available, it would be a junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[invalid]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Melanopsisinconstansplicatula Brusina, 1874 (see Note 1). Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887[invalid]Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.plicatulus”), but Melanopsis is feminine, which is why the name must be “plicatula”. Junior homonym of Melanopsisinconstansplicatula Brusina, 1874 (see Note 1). Melanopsissimilis as replacement name. Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.Originally the gender was indicated as masculine  and Cossmann, 1910 .“Pomahaka, Otago” [Pomahaka River], New Zealand.Melanopsis (Stilospirula?) by The species was attributed to the Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“En Carmiole [sic], en Croatie, et en Dalmatie, notamment dans la Cettina” .Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007Middle Pontian (Dacian Basin), late Miocene.“Вулканешты” [Vulcăneşti], Moldova.Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, coll. no. 3190.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Porumbaru, 1881Early–middle Romanian, Pliocene.“Cretzesci et Podari” [Crețești and Podari], Romania.porumbarui” PageBreakas mentioned in Porumbaru attributed the authority to Brusina, but there is not clear evidence that the description really derived from that author. The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1953Pannonian, zone B, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf Sandgrube” [Leobersdorf sand pit], Austria.Appeared first as nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Schütt in Symeonidis et al., 1986[invalid]Symeonidis et al. 1986: 342, pl. 4, figs 8–9.Gelasian, early Pleistocene.“Weganrisse und Regenrisse 3 Km N Antirrion in Akarnanien” [outcrops 3 km north of Antirrio], Greece.Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt; no number indicated.Melanopsisimpressaposterior Papp, 1953 (see Note 1). Melanopsisgearyae as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1870“Dans le Danube. [...] non-seulement de Brahilov, mais encore des environs de Belgrade” .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Cossmann, 1907Sparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.“Pourcy”, France.Coptostylus is at present considered to belong in the family Thiaridae  and near Belgrade (Serbia)].Microcolpiacornea .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Schütt in Schütt & Ortal, 1993Early Pleistocene.“The type-locality of the Upper Pliocene sediments or the ‘Erq el-Ahmar Formation in the Jordan Valley south of the Sea of Galilee” [i.e. ‘Erq el-Ahmar ], Israel.Paleontology Collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLinnaeus, 1758“In Europa australiore” [southern Europe].Melanopsis [unavailable]Khersonian, late Sarmatian, late Miocene.“Hauptstraße bei Avcilar, nahe der Abzweigung nach Ambarliköy” , Turkey.Nomen nudum; mentioned as “new species” in PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeLea, 1837“Cape of Good Hope”, South Africa.Faunopsis Gill, 1863. It was considered as a junior synonym of Faunusater , the type species of the genus Faunus Montfort, 1810 (Pachychilidae), by Type species of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deshayes, 1862Bartonian, Eocene.“Chery-Chartreuve”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisfossilis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Yeni Chehir” [Yenişehir], Turkey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1886PageBreakLate Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Collina di Torino” [Torino hills], Italy.Amphimelania by Considered to belong in the genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat in Locard, 1883“Dans le eaux de la fontaine de l’Élysée, à Jéricho; [...] des environs de Beyrouth; [...] dans les eaux du lac d’Antioche” .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisfossilis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Tournouër, 1875Tafi Formation, early Pleistocene.“Prope vicum Antimaki” , Greece.The species epithet is a noun in apposition (named after the Greek God Proteus) and needs not to agree in gender with the generic name (Art. 31.2.1).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Halaváts, 1914Sarmatian (sensu stricto), middle Miocene.“Graben unterhalb der Gemeinde-Baumschule östlich von Oltszakadát” , Romania.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gozhik, 2002Middle Pontian (Dacian Basin), late Miocene.“Виноградівка” , Ukraine.Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, coll. no. 3186.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sauerzopf, 1952Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Burgau”, Austria.pseudaustriaca” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bandel, 2000Late Pannonian, late Miocene.“Papkesi [Papkeszi] near the eastern shore of Lake Balaton”, Hungary.Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum University of Hamburg, coll. no. 4266.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Oppenheim, 1890Cernikian, Pliocene.“Cigelnik; [...] Graben zwischen Čapla und der Podwiner Kirche; [...] Thal hinter der Podwiner Kirche; [...] Sibin; [...] Repušnica” : 41   and Melanopsispermutabilis Pallary, 1920 . Note that Melanopsiscosmanni a replacement name of In addition, there are three other new names proposed for misidentified Melaniacostata” records from Slavonia to represent the same species and synonymized them with Melanopsiscosmanni, but was unaware that Melanopsiscroatica Brusina, 1884 is the first available name for them. Although the four names  likely refer to the very same species they are based on different specimens and thus no objective synonyms.Wenz obviously considered all erroneous “Melanopsissculptilis as replacement name. The misidentified Melanopsiscostata sensu Fuchs, 1877 from Megara, however, is still nameless.For the record by pseudodecorata” mentioned by The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1895Early Messinian, late Miocene.“S. Marzano Oliveto”, Italy.Melanopsisfusulatina Sacco, 1895.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1899“Environs de Tétouan” [surrondings of Tétouan], Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1953Pannonian, zone E, late Miocene.“Vösendorf (Sandriff)” [Vösendorf (sandbar)], Austria.Appeared first as a nomen nudum in PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1953Pannonian, zone B, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf Sandgrube” [Leobersdorf sand pit], Austria.Appeared first as nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Magrograssi, 1928Plio-Pleistocene.“Coo: vicino a Cardamena” [Kos island: close to Kardámaina], Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1889Late Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Colli torinesi” [Torino hills], Italy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944Early Pannonian, late Miocene.“Turislav-Tal bei Soceni” [Turislav valley near Soceni], Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sandberger, 1886Oncophora Beds, middle Burdigalian, early Miocene.Rather unprecisely given as “Kirchberger Schichten Mährens” [Kirchberg Formation in Moravia] by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Newton, 1891PageBreakBartonian?–Rupelian, late Eocene–early Oligocene.“Hempstead [...]. Headon Hill; Hordwell. [...] High Cliff”, United Kingdom.subulatapseudo-”) for a part of Sowerby’s material for Melanopsisfusiformis Sowerby, 1822  [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod]; Kovačevac”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 96) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 3741-1381.pterochyla” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[unresolved]“Du Lac d’Homs” (Lorcard 1883: 288) [in Lake Homs], Syria.gracilis” mentioned by pulchella its junior objective synonym. Melanopsisgracilis Locard, 1883 is a junior homonym of Melanopsisgracilis Brusina, 1874, which makes pulchella the next available name. However, Melanopsiscostatapulchella is a homonym of the simultaneously introduced Melanopsisseignettipulchella Bourguignat, 1884 (see Note 1). The action of a First Reviser is required to determine which of both pulchella is to be treated as valid.Introduced to replace - for whatever reason - the variety “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[unresolved]“ l’oasis Sidi Yousef, à l’extrême sud de la frontière du Maroc; [...] ruisseau d’eau chaude à Ouargla]” , Algeria.Melaniacostatapulchella Bourguignat, 1884 (see Note 1). The action of a First Reviser is required to determine which of both pulchella is to be treated as valid.Homonym of the simultaneously introduced PageBreakPageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920[invalid]“Dans une source entre Sidi Abdallah et Koudiat (région de Taza) et dans l’Innaouen, à Sidi Abdallah” [in a source between Douar Sidi Abdellah and Douar El Koudiat (Taza region) and in the Oued Abiod (?) in Douar Sidi Abdellah], Morocco.Melanopsiscostatapulchella Bourguignat, 1884 and Melanopsisseignettipulchella Bourguignat, 1884 .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec”, Croatia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2491-137/1-2 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Stoliczka, 1860Late Turonian–Coniacian, late Cretaceous.“Abtenau”, Austria.Megalonodareussi .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rives de la Save près Sissek, en Slavonie” [Sava river near Sisak in Slavonia], Croatia.PageBreakFagotia [= Esperiana] acroxia Bourguignat, 1884.Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Servain, 1884”, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Hörnes, 1856Early–middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Brunn, Gumpoldskirchen, Guntramsdorf, Inzersdorf, Arsenal in Wien, Kroisbach bei Oedenburg” .Hörnes attributed the authority to Partsch, apparently based on an “in schedis” determination.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans le Danube, où elle a été rencontrée çà et là depuis Buda-Pesth jusqu’à Ibraila; [...] Pregrada, près de Krapina, en Croatie” .Melanopsispyramidalis (mihi)” [nomen nudum] in a species list. Microcolpiaacicularis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1920Early Rupelian, Oligocene.“Grossalmerode, Oberzwehren, Mardorf bei Wabern, Frielendorf, Kirchhain, Dannerod, Ofleiden, Mardorf an der Ohm” : 71, GerMelanopsispraerosa [= Melanopsispraemorsa] sensu Ludwig, 1865, non Linnaeus, 1758. It was regarded a junior synonym by Melanopsishassiaca as replacement name for misidentified Melanopsispraemorsa from that region and time period. Since Sandberger did not explicitly refer to Ludwig’s material, pyramidalis and hassiaca are not objective synonyms.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “PageBreak” mentioned in Hermite (1879: 184) [unavailable] Early Eocene.“De Binisalem et de Selva” , Spain.Melaniapyrguloeformis” on p. 328. The name was probably intended as “pyrgulaeformis”, but the ligature was mixed up during typesetting. Hermite listed the name in a section called “Espèces nouvelles citées et non décrites” [= “new species identified and not described”], where he listed 18 new names that he intended to describe in the second volume of his “Études géologiques sur les îles Baléares”. That part, however, has never been published, probably because Hermite died in 1880.Nomen nudum. Given as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisinermis Handmann, 1882.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1927Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Из Карагача” [from Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 222 (Milošević 1962: 22).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875Cernikian, Pliocene.“Čaplathal bei Podwin” [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod], Croatia.pyrum = Latin “pear”) and needs not to agree in gender with the generic name (Art. 31.2.1).The species epithet is a noun in apposition [unavailable]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.PageBreakMicrocolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Nomen nudum (Brusina apparently considered the term self-explanatory). Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1920[invalid]Plio-Pleistocene.“Du puits Karoubi” : 178 , for which Melanopsispallaryi. Thus, Melanopsisraphidia is a junior objective synonym of Melanopsispallaryi.Introduced as replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sandberger, 1871Bartonian, Eocene.“Castres (Tarn)”, France.Melanopsisproboscidea Desh.” in plate captions.Plate 13 of Sandberger’s monograph appeared in 1871, whereas the description on p. 222 was issued in 1872 . ErroneoTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007Late Pleistocene.“Aллювия VII террасы р. Днестр у с. Роги” [Alluvial terrace VII of the Dniestr river near Rogi], Ukraine.Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, coll. no. 5243.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1892Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec”, Croatia.PageBreakThe illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2541-187/1-2 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Lörenthey, 1902Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Budapest-Köbánya und Tinnye”, Hungary.Melanopsisboueispinosa Handmann, 1882 and Melanopsisboueiventricosa Handmann, 1882 in synonymy of Melanopsisrarispina, although both were published earlier. The name ventricosa Handmann is a junior homonym of Melanopsisventricosa Neumayr, 1880 and thus invalid, but spinosa is available and has priority over rarispina.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1924“De la petite rivière de Guadaira qui se jette dans le Guadalquivir” [in the little river Guadaira which flows into the Guadalquivir], Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Cernikian, Pliocene.“Bečić; Podvinje (Čaplja) [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod]; Sibinj; Nova Gradiška; Kovačevac; Moslavina; Farkašić”, Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Willmann, 1981Upper Elia Formation, early Pleistocene.“Oberes Vokasia-Tal südöstlich von Kos-Ort/Kos (Profil K 1)” , Greece.Geological-Paleontological Institute, University of Kiel, Germany; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† ?Penecke, 1885PageBreakPaleocene.“Im südlichen Muldenflügel des Sonnberges (p. 334–335) [on the southern mountainside of the Sonnberg ], Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1925Late Miocene.“Meseta de Requena y Ayora ” (Royo Gomez 1922: 110) [Plateau of Requena and Ayora], Spain.Melaniacostata sensu Royo Gomez, 1922, non Olivier, 1804.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1861“L’intérieur de la Nouvelle-Calédonie” [the interior of New Caledonia].Melanopsiscarinata Gassies, 1861, which is a junior homonym of Melanopsiscarinata Sowerby, 1826 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1904Langhian, middle Miocene.“Varcar-Vakufa” [Mrkonjić Grad], Bosnia and Herzegovina.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Hörnes, 1855Late Turonian, late Cretaceous.“Aus der Gams, nordwestlich von Hieflau in Steiermark” , Austria.Megalonoda Kollmann, 1984.Type species of the melanopsid genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreakPallary, 1920 Pliocene.“Megara” : 11, GreMelanopsisincerta Fuchs, 1877, non Férussac, 1822.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Locard, 1883Mammal zone MN 10–12, late Miocene.“Boulées” [brook Boulées near Miribel], France.Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1918“Fès, dans les séguias. Ras el Mâ, à 16 kilom. de Fès” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875Cernikian, Pliocene.“Cigelnik [Ciglenik]; [...] Novska”, Croatia.Amphimelania by Neumayr mentioned uncertainties regarding the locality Ciglenik because he had lost the original collection label. The species epithet is a noun in apposition and needs not to agree in gender with the generic name (Art. 31.2.1). Considered to belong in the genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeAhuir Galindo, 2014“Spring from the Southeastern Rich region”, Morocco.Museo Malacologico di Cupra Marittima, Italy; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreak[sic] Pallary, 1916 [invalid] Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.“Ripanj”  does not apply here, because the names are not based on Latin words but on the names of two different persons.Introduced by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.“Ripanj” .Melanopsishaueriserbica Brusina, 1902, non Brusina, 1893 (see Note 1).Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1870“Insula Ouen” [Île Ouen], New Caledonia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Lac Sabandja” [Lake Sapanca], Turkey.Microcolpiacoutagniana .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fontannes, 1884Early Rupelian, Oligocene.PageBreak“Roméjac, près de Barjac (Gard)”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeIzzatullaev & Starobogatov, 1984“Закаспийская область” [Transcaspian Region], Russia.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Starobogatov in Starobogatov et al., 1992Quaternary.“Кулеви (быв. Редут-Кале)” , Georgia.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1880“Prope Kanala [...]; insula Ouen” : 148 , Croatia.Fagotia [= Esperiana] esperi .Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1880”. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Spanien” Not indicated.Melanopsisbuccinoidea  by Nomen nudum, apparently based on an unpublished manuscript name from Ziegler and listed in synonymy of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Magrograssi, 1928Plio-Pleistocene.“Coo: V. Iracli, V. S. Giorgio” , Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Early–middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Jazvine” [Jazvina], Croatia.The syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb; no number indicated .Melanopsissenatoria Handmann, 1887.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Matheron, 1842Early Campanian, Cretaceous.“Les Martigues”, France.Melania and a junior secondary homonym of Melaniarugosa Lea, 1842 . However, the first one was published earlier .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreakHandmann, 1887 [invalid] Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.It is uncertain whether the single specimen from Wittmannsdorf near Leobersdorf stored in the Geological Survey Austria, Vienna, is really the only specimen left of the original type series , as was considered by Melanopsisrugosa Matheron, 1842. Melanopsiswolfgangfischeri as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1897[invalid]Langhian, middle Miocene.“Ribarić”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 94) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen is part of the original type series and whether it was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2983-629.Melanopsisrugosa Matheron, 1842. Melanopsislanzaeana Brusina, 1874.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Schréter, 1975[invalid]Riss/Würm end to early Würm Ice Age, Pleistocene.“Eger, az egri vár Zárkándy bástyájának vasúti átmetszése” , Hungary.Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet , Budapest; no number indicated.Melanopsisrugosa Matheron, 1842. Melanopsisdoboi to the genus Microcolpia.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fontannes, 1880Miocene or Pliocene.Rhône Basin? , France.PageBreakcarinatarugoso-”. Based on material from the Rhône Basin, not Italy as claimed by Originally written as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[invalid]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Melanopsistothi: Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Brot [unavailable]“Balbeck” [Baalbek], Lebanon.Melaniabuccinoidea by Introduced in synonymy of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Tournouër, 1880Early Romanian, Pliocene.“” , Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Kucik” mentioned in Brusina (1867: 86)[unavailable]Not indicated.Nomen nudum, based on an “in schedis” name in the collection of Kucik .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Cernikian, Pliocene.PageBreak“Kovačevac” [east of Nova Gradiška], Croatia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2505-151/1-2 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1936“D’Agouraï” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1864Rather unspecifically indicated in text as “Cours d’eau du Sahara” [rivers of the Sahara], but more precisely as “D’Aïn-Sidi-Taifour; Ouargla; fontaine d’Oumach près de Biskra”  in the plate captions.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans la Save, au-dessous d’Agram, en Croatie” [in the Sava river below Zagreb], Croatia.Saint-Simoniana”. Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”. Fagotia [= Esperiana] acroxia Bourguignat, 1884.Originally written as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Fossés d’eau stagnante au camp des Pins, et çà et là dans le Liban (Syrie)” .Appeared first as a nomen nudum in PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Eliasbrunnen bei Jericho” : 17 , Syria.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† ?Youluo, 1978Shahejie Formation (second Member), Eocene.“山东垦利” , China.scabridus”), but Melanopsis is feminine, which is why the name must be “scabrida”. Probably not a Melanopsidae (perhaps a Hydrobiidae or Pomatiopsidae?).Originally the gender was indicated as masculine .Appeared first as nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1856“L’Aïn-Fekan, source d’eau chaude, située entre Mascara et Saïda [...]; l’Oued-M’Ilouya, frontière du Maroc” , Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†PageBreakHandmann, 1882 [invalid] Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisscalaris Gassies, 1856. Melanopsislimbata as replacement name. Melanopsishaueri Handmann, 1882.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Au pont de la Save, près d’Agram” [at the bridge of the Sava river near Zagreb], Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeWesterlund, 1886[invalid]“Siebenbürgen b. Deva” [Deva], Romania.Melanopsisscalaris Parreyss in sched.”) as synonym of MelanopsisParreyssii var. β, which he introduced there with a short Latin description. Further below on p. 431, Brot even associated scalaris with an illustration of a specimen from Deva in Romania . However, the name was explicitly referred to as synonym of the (unnamed) variety β, which is not a valid name, and thus the requirements of Art. 11.6 (and therefore Art. 12.1) are not met. Melanopsisscalaris Gassies, 1856. Neubauer et al. (2014: 125) considered it as a junior synonym of Microcolpiaparreyssii.Not available from Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1953Gelasian, early Pleistocene.“Rómezi (Elis)” [Romésion near Pyrgos], Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Oppenheim, 1892[invalid]Early Campanian, Cretaceous.PageBreak“Plan de Campagne bei Septême (B.-du-Rhône)” [Plan de Campagne near Septèmes-les-Vallons], France.Melaniascalaroides Briart & Cornet, 1882.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928“Aïn Mélias, près de Figuig” [Ain Melias near Figuig], Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Stefanescu, 1896Pliocene (Dacian?).“À Breasta, dans la vallée de Jiu” , Romania.scansorie” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeStarobogatov in Starobogatov et al., 1992“Фёслау близ Вены” [Vöslau near Vienna], Austria.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1880Plio-Pleistocene.“Zwischen Pylle und Antimachia” , Greece.Melanopsissporadum Tournouër, 1876.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fuchs, 1870Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.PageBreak“Kúp”, Hungary.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1920Plio-Pleistocene.“Antimaki”  the taxon occurred and in which not, Croatia.Melanopsislyrata Neumayr, 1869.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeDeshayes, 1832“Dans l’Ohio” [in the Ohio river], United States.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[unresolved]Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Melanopsisseuratisemilaevigata. This case requires the action of a First Reviser.Homonym of the simultaneously published name Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[unresolved]Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Melanopsiseximiasemilaevigata. This case requires the action of a First Reviser.Homonym of the simultaneously published name Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1936[invalid]“Tanalt”, Morocco.Melanopsisseuratisemilaevigata Pallary, 1928 and Melanopsiseximiasemilaevigata Pallary, 1928 .Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Melanopsisseuratisemilaevigata Pallary, 1928 and Melanopsiseximiasemilaevigata Pallary, 1928 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrusina, 1870PageBreak“Dans la Glina près de Topusko” [in the Glina river near Topusko], Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1880Phoka to Elia Formation, Plio-Pleistocene.“Phuka” [Ákra Ágios Fokás], Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species .Melanopsissemiplicata Neumayr, 1880.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Aït Brahim”, Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†De Stefani, 1877Villafranchian, Plio-Pleistocene.“Orciano” : 524 “Stations 117 et 117his: Oued Bou Fekrane à 13 kilomètres de Meknès sur la route d’El Hajeb” , Morocco.Melanopsismagnifica Bourguignat, 1884.Introduced as infrasubspecific taxon (“mode”), which is not governed by the provisions of the Code. Moreover, the name is a nomen nudum. Pérès referred to an earlier publication of his , claiminTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Olujić, 1999Langhian, middle Miocene.It is unclear from the original work in which of the studied localities/sections along the valleys of the Sutina, Batarelov and Vojskava rivers (4 km W of Sinj) the taxon occurred and in which not, Croatia.Melanopsislanzaeana Brusina, 1874.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1928Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Моквинскіе пласты, р. Дуабъ” : 62 Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.“Ripanj”, Serbia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2530-176/1-2 .Melanopsisserbica Brusina, 1893. Melanopsishaueriripanjensis as replacement name, following Melanopsisaustriaca Handmann, 1882 with Melanopsishaueri Handmann, 1882 and listed serbica as a subspecies of Melanopsishaueri.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Vidal, 1874Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.“En Serchs y en Auzas (Alto Garona), pero principalmente en Isona” .Stilospirula by Considered to belong to the subgenus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Jardin public de bou Jeloud, oued Masmouda, avant son entrée à Fâs el bâli” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Mayer-Eymar, 1903PageBreakSparnacian, early Ypresian, Eocene.“Du village de la Serre” [La Serre (?)], France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“La Save à Sissek (Slavonie) et dans la rivière de Zenica (Bosnie)” [Sava river at Sisak (Croatia) and in the river at Zenica (Bosnia and Herzegovina)].Microcolpiacornea .Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rivières entre Plaski et Ostaria (Croatie)” [river between Plaški and Oštarije], Croatia.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1882”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Petit cours d’eau à Sadjour-Sou, entre Aïn-Taïb et Alep [...]; Aïn-el-Bass, dans la plaine du Bahr-el-Houlé (Syrie)” [small brook at Sadjour-Sou between Gaziantep (Turkey) and Aleppo (Syria) [...]; Aïn el Bass, in the plains of the Hula valley (Israel)].Melanopsisbuccinoidea .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“La Zousfana, à la hauteur de Figuig et à Beni Ounif” , Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGrateloup, 1840PageBreak“Séville; les bords de la petite rivière de Guadaira, qui se jette dans le Guadalquivir” , Spain.minor [...] de Grateloup” as discussed by Melanopsiscariosa .The “var. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBandel, 2000“Spring and creek next to the Wadi Raiyan Plantation in the Jordan Valley near the town of Wadi Raiyan and close to the mosque of the grave of Sharhabil Ibn Hassana”, Jordan.Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum University of Hamburg, coll. no. 4267.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1922“Aoullouz” [Alous], Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Mrts.” mentioned in Paetel (1888: 404)[unavailable]“Siam”, Thailand.Melampussiamensis Martens, 1866 (Ellobiidae).Nomen nudum, appears only in the species list of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Heller & Sivan, 2001[unavailable]Pleistocene.“Gesher Benot Ya’aqov”, Syria.Since Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903Late Pleistocene–Holocene.PageBreak“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssii by Considered a subspecies of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf” , AustriaMelanopsisplicatula Handmann, 1887, non Brusina, 1874. Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Brusina (1903: 112)[unavailable]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai  by Nomen nudum. Listed in synonymy of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1925[invalid]Cernikian, Pliocene.“Malino” : 348, CrMelanopsissimulata as replacement name for the presumed junior homonym Melanopsisarcuata Brusina, 1878, non Matheron, 1842. The alleged homonymy is, however, based on a reading error of Melanopsisarmata Matheron, 1842 by Pallary. Therefore, Melanopsissimulata is a junior objective synonym of Melanopsisarcuata Brusina, 1897.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Early Langhian, middle Miocene.“Sinj (Stuparuša)”, Croatia.PageBreakfixation is insufficient with respect to Art. 75.3 of the Code. The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2974-620/1.Milan et al. (1974: 97) defined a “neotype” based on one of the specimens illustrated by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1885Spaniodon Beds, Karaganian, middle Miocene.“Лопушны” : 5 Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Tinnye”, Hungary.Melanopsissinzowi Brusina, 1885. Melanopsistinnyensis as replacement name. Melanopsisrarispina Lörenthey, 1902. However, Melanopsisboueispinosa Handmann, 1882 and Melanopsisboueiventricosa Handmann, 1882 in synonymy of Melanopsisrarispina. While ventricosa Handmann is a junior homonym of Melanopsisventricosa Neumayr, 1880 and thus invalid, the name spinosa is available and has priority over rarispina.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeIzzatullaev & Starobogatov, 1984“Восточная Персия” [Eastern Persia], Iran.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.Melanopsis (Sistaniana) Izzatullaev & Starobogatov, 1984.Type species of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp & Psarianos, 1955Early Pleistocene.“Tárapsa” [Vasilákion], Greece.Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens; no number indicated.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1955Akchagylian, latest Pliocene–earliest Pleistocene.“Skura bei Sparta” [Skoúra], Greece.Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875Cernikian, Pliocene.“Graben zwischen Podwin und der Čapla” [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod], Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Rosen, 1914Pleistocene?“Am Fusse des Černjajev’schen Berges bei Suchum” [at the foot of Mt. Černjajev (?) at Sokhumi], Georgia.Melanopsissobrievskii” within the subgenus Fagotia. In the plate captions it appears as “Fagotiasobrievskii”.On p. 221 Rosen gave the species as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944Mohrensternia Zone, early Sarmatian, middle Miocene.“Polițioanătal bei Soceni” [Polițioană valley near Soceni], Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Harzhauser, Kowalke & Mandic, 2002Pannonian, zone C–D, late Miocene.“St. Margarethen (Burgenland)” , Austria.Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria, coll. no. 2001/0126/0049.PageBreakMelanopsissoceni Jekelius, 1944.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deshayes, 1862Thanetian, Paleocene.“Châlons-sur-Vesles, Gueux, Jonchery, Noailles”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†De Stefani in Pantanelli, 1877Pantanelli 1877: 5.Late Messinian, late Miocene.“Casino, e specialmente presso le Gallozzole” , Italy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1871New Caledonia [no locality indicated].Melanopsisfrustulum Morelet, 1857.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1897Latest Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Dugoselo”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 97) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2999-645.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Porumbaru, 1881PageBreakEarly–middle Romanian, Pliocene.“Cretzesci, Podari” , Romania.soubeiranus” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1870“In Nova Caledonia” .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1920[invalid]Headon Beds, Priabonian, Eocene.“Hordwell” : 36, UniMelanopsisfusiformis Sowerby, 1846  [sic]. The name is based on an error of Melanopsispseudosubulata for that specimen and another specimen already  antiqua; elongata”. Note that Melanopsissparnacensis was not included in the catalogus of Based on a specimen illustrated by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.PageBreak“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisfossilis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Rivière entre Ostaria et Plaski, dans la Croatie méridionale” [river between Plaški and Oštarije], Croatia.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans l’Oronte (Syrie)” [in the Orontes river], Syria?sphoeroidoea” on p. 78 but as “sphaeroidaea” on p. 73. From the description it is clear that the name must be “sphaeroidaea” (see Art. 33.2.1).Spelt as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Stefanescu, 1896Khersonian, late Sarmatian, late Miocene.“À Sacel, dans la vallée de Blahnitza, district de Gorjiu” , Romania.Melanopsisbouei Férussac, 1823.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Rolle, 1860Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene.“Skalis prope Schoenstein” [Pesje near Šoštanj], Slovenia.spinicosta” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sowerby in Sedgwick & Murchison, 1832Late Cretaceous.PageBreak“Gosau”, Austria.Holotype (?) stored in the collection of the British Museum, coll. no. G 17908 : 58.Megalonoda, which was there described as new.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Seninski, 1905Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Моквинскіе пласты, р. Дуабъ” [Mokvi layers at Duab river], Georgia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisboueiventricosa Handmann, 1882 in synonymy of Melanopsisrarispina Lörenthey, 1902, although Handmann’s taxa were published earlier. The name ventricosa Handmann is a junior homonym of Melanopsisventricosa Neumayr, 1880 and thus invalid, but spinosa is available and has priority over rarispina.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Melanopsisfossilis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeChenu, 1859Not stated; unclear if recent or fossil.Not indicated.The species is based on a single illustration, without description or any kind of explanation.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Leymerie, 1881[invalid]Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.“Auzas”, France.Melanopsisspriata Chenu, 1859.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Latest Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Dugoselo” : 9, CroaMelanopsispraemorsa sensu Brusina, 1897, non Linnaeus, 1758. Melanopsispraemorsa from the late Miocene deposits of Lake Pannon and the Pliocene of Greece and Croatia under that name, but it is very unlikely that all of them belong to the same species.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Tournouër, 1876Phoka to Elia Formation, Plio-Pleistocene.“Fouka” (p. 449) [Ákra Ágios Fokás], Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Oppenheim, 1891Gelasian, early Pleistocene.“Stamna”, Greece.Not available from Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Anistratenko, 1993Duab Beds, middle to late Kimmerian, Pliocene.“Окр. с. Мокви, Очамчирский р-н” , Georgia.Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev; no number indicated.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeIzzatullaev & Starobogatov, 1984“Гермоб (Центральный Копетдаг)” [Germob ], Iran.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903Late Pleistocene–Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Ras el ‘Ain du Khabour” [Chabur river near Ra’s al ‘Ayn], Syria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“La Save au-dessous d’Agram; rivières au sud de Krapina-Toeplitz, et entre Plaski et Ostaria (Croatie)” , Croatia.Fagotia [= Esperiana] acroxia Bourguignat, 1884.Note that Bourguignat denoted the authority as “Bourguignat, 1879”. Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeWesterlund, 1886PageBreakkurhaus of Rimske Toplice, takes its thermal water runoff, and flows over a steep gradient into the Savinja river], Slovenia.“Der untere Lauf jenes kleinen Gebirgsbaches, welcher den Abhängen des Berges Kopitnig entspringt, am hochgelegenen Kurhause von Römerbad vorbeieilend, dessen Thermenabfluss aufnimmt, und in starkem Gefälle der den Fuss des Berges umspülenden Sann zufliest” : 105–106Melaniaholandri illustrated by Introduced for a specimen of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884Rossmässler, to whom Bourguignat referred, indicated the locality only as “Palästina” [Palestine]. As the species was explicitly introduced for Rossmässler’s material only this is the type locality.Melaniacostata sensu Kobelt, 1880 (figs 1899–1900), non Olivier, 1804.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“‘Ain Arouss” [‘Ayn al ‘Arūs ], Syria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Carniole” .Microcolpiaacicularis .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeReeve, 1860Melanopsis, pl. 1, figs 3a–b.“New Zealand” [no locality indicated].Zemelanopsistrifasciata .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Cernikian, Pliocene.“Kovačevac” [east of Nova Gradiška], Croatia.PageBreakThe illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2521-167/1-5 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Grateloup, 1838[invalid]Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Dax. [...] Mandillot”, France.Melaniabuccinoideasubventricosa Grateloup, 1828, which Junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePantanelli, 1886“Accesa”, Italy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeWesterlund, 1886[invalid]“Steinbrück” [Zidani Most], Slovenia.Melaniastriata Sowerby, 1818, described from the Paleogene (Eocene?) of the United Kingdom.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887[invalid]Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsismaroccanastriata Pantanelli, 1886 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePantanelli, 1886“Accesa”, Italy.striata-carinata”.Originally written as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePageBreakPantanelli, 1886 “Accesa”, Italy.striata-sulcata”.Originally written as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1927Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“У карагачких жутим песковима” [from the yellow sands of Karagača near Vrčin], Serbia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 212 (Milošević 1962: 23).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1924Spain [no locality indicated].Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]“Environs de Beyrouth” [surroundings of Beirut], Lebanon.Melanopsisdufouriistricta Pallary, 1924 (see Note 1).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1892Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Markuševec”, Croatia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2496-142/1 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944[invalid]Early Pannonian, late Miocene.“Turislav-Tal bei Soceni” [Turislav valley near Soceni], Romania.Melanopsisstricturata Brusina, 1892 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fuchs, 1873Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Moosbrunn bei Wien; Tinnye bei Ofen” .sturi” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeSchütt & Bilgin, 1974“River Pinios [Pineiós] in Thessalia, Greece, between Larissa and Tempe [Tempón] valley”, Greece.Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, coll. no. SMF 111523a.situssineri” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeAhuir Galindo, 2016“Southeastern of Guelmin, at river Seyad basin”, Morocco.Museo Malacologico di Cupra Marittima, Italy; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916[invalid]Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a” : 558, AuMelanopsisaffinis Handmann, 1882, “non Férussac, 1823”. The latter name is, however, unavailable PageBreakfrom Melanopsisaffinis). This makes Melanopsissubaffinis an objective synonym of Melanopsisaffinis Handmann, 1882 and Melanopsisaffinis Pallary, 1916 a junior homonym of Melanopsisaffinis Handmann, 1882. Melanopsissubaffinis was considered as a junior synonym of Melanopsisbouei by Replacement name for the alleged junior homonym Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1922“Marrakech”, Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sandberger, 1875Kirchberg Formation, middle Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Kirchberg” [Illerkirchberg], Germany.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Soós in Bartha, 1955Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Várpalota”, Hungary.Bartha clearly stated that the description was made by Lajos Soós.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Gozhik, 2002Middle Pontian (Dacian Basin), late Miocene.“Виноградівка” , Ukraine.Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, coll. no. 3185.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†d’Orbigny, 1852Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Dax, St-Paul. Mandillot” . According to Art. 24.1 and 57.7 the name proposed at higher rank takes precedence. This makes subcallosa an objective synonym of Melanopsistaurinensis Sacco, 1889, while the subspecies Melanopsisclavataurinensis Sacco, 1889 is still in need of a substitute name.Invalid replacement name for the homonym Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Deshayes in Férussac, 1839Late Villafranchian, Pleistocene (?).“D’Italie” .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Morris in Forbes, 1856[invalid]Headon Beds, Priabonian, Eocene.“Headon Hill”, United Kingdom.Melanopsissubcarinata Deshayes in Férussac, 1851.The description was evidently performed by Morris , France.Melaniacostata sensu Deshayes, 1825, non Olivier, 1804.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884[invalid]“Dans l’Oronte” : 168 Late Cernikian, late Pliocene–early Pleistocene.“Novska (Bukovica)”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 88) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2993-639.Melanopsissubcostata d’Orbigny, 1850. Melanopsisconstrictanowskaensis as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1904“Sriratzel Cromfel sur la route de Rabat à Casablanca; Temslott, dans les canaux; Agagour dans l’Atlas” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1912[invalid]“De Ngoussa” [N’Goussa], Algeria.Melanopsissubcostulata Pallary, 1904.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePageBreakPérès, 1939 Several collection stations near Meknès, Fès, Aïn El Aouda and Aïn Chkef, Morocco : 140.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Grateloup, 1838Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Dax. Mandillot, à Saint-Paul”, France.Melanopsisdufourii Férussac, 1822 from Dax illustrated in Introduced for a specimen of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Morris in Forbes, 1856Headon Beds, Priabonian, Eocene.“From the Headon series”, United Kingdom.The description was evidently performed by Morris ”, Morocco.PageBreakPageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Au pont de la Save, près d’Agram” [at the bridge of the Sava river near Zagreb], Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Kormos, 1905Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Püspökfürdő” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssii .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Lutetian, Eocene.“Au Nord d’Albas” : 202, FrMelanopsiselongata Doncieux, 1908, non Férussac, 1822 (see Note 1). subelongata”, which is an incorrect subsequent spelling.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939“Djishr ech Chegour” [Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.Melanopsismultiformis Blanckenhorn, 1897. Melanopsiscostata .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939Not explicitly stated but probably the same as for the species ], Iraq).PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bogachev, 1908Late Sarmatian, Khersonian, late Miocene.“Chatma, district de Signakh, gouv. de Tiflis” , Georgia.praemorsasub-”.Introduced originally as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Andrusov, 1909Pontian (sensu stricto), late Miocene.“Adjipirdariaki, O. von Marasy, Tscharagan, [...] Sundi, [...] Chinasty” , Azerbaijan.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Penecke, 1884Cernikian, Pliocene.“Capla-Graben” [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod], Croatia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†d’Orbigny, 1850[invalid]Early Campanian, Cretaceous.“Martigues” : 293, FrMelanopsisrugosa Matheron, 1842 a Melania and the species name a secondary homonym of Melaniarugosa Lea, 1842. However, Matheron’s species was published earlier . Melaniasubrugosa is thus a junior objective synonym of Melanopsisrugosa Matheron, 1842.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884PageBreakkan, hot spring between Mascara and Saïda; river Moulouya, at the border to Morocco], Algeria.“Aïn-Fekan, source d’eau chaude entre Mascara et Saïda; dans Oued-M’Ilouya, sur la frontière du Maroc” .Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944Early Pannonian, late Miocene.“Turislav-Tal bei Soceni” [Turislav valley near Soceni], Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrot, 1878“Perna Fluss in Ungarn” [not found], Hungary?HemisinusEsperi” [now in Esperiana], based on a manuscript name by Parreyss. Treated as a valid name by Described and illustrated in synonymy of “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1920[invalid]Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Tihany” (Fuchs 1870: 533), Hungary.Melanopsisaquensis sensu Fuchs, 1870, non Grateloup, 1838. Junior homonym of Melanopsissubtilis Brot, 1879. That name was introduced in synonymy but became available from Melanopsispetrovici Brusina, 1893.Introduced for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Magrograssi, 1928[invalid]Plio-Pleistocene.“Coo: molto frequente in tutte e due le zone fossilifere” , Greece.PageBreakMelanopsissubtilis Brot, 1879, which was originally introduced in synonymy but made available by Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeAnnandale, 1918“Basra”, Iraq.Indian Museum, Calcutta, coll. no. 11390/2M.Annandale attributed the authority to Nevill, apparently based on a manuscript of that author.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Late Villafranchian, Pleistocene.“D’Italie” , but Melanopsis is feminine, which is why the name must be “subulata”.Originally the gender was indicated as masculine  [Babin Dol near Skopje], Macedonia.The illustrated syntype is stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, coll. no. 1447 (Milošević 1962: 24).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Esu & Girotti, 2015Synania Formation, Pleistocene.“S-SW of Neos Erineos” [near Aigio], Greece.Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, coll. no. SMF 345712.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Kormos, 1905Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.PageBreak“Püspökfürdő” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssii .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Hörnes, 1856Badenian, middle Miocene.“Grund”, Austria.Semisinus P. Fischer, 1885, which is an unjustified emendation of Hemisinus Swainson, 1840 (Thiaridae).After Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Fér.” mentioned in De Cristofori and Jan [unavailable]“Austr.” [Australia].Nomen nudum, found only in the species list of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans les cours d’eau de la plaine du Bahr-el-Houlé, non loin d’Ain-el-Mellaha” , Israel.Melanopsislampra Bourguignat, 1884.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1889[invalid]Late Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Colline torinesi” [Torino hills], Italy.Melanopsistaurinensis Sacco, 1889. Homonym of the simultaneously described PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1889Late Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Colle torinesi” [Torino hills], Italy.Melanopsisclavataurinensis Sacco, 1889. Melanopsissubcallosa as replacement name for this species .Homonym of the simultaneously described Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Sacco, 1895Late Burdigalian, early Miocene.“Colli torinese” [Torino hills], Italy.Amphimelania by taurostricta”, which is an incorrect subsequent spelling.Considered to belong in the genus Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Heller & Sivan, 2002Early Pleistocene.“‘Erq el-Ahmar” [locality also known as Gesher], Israel.Paleontology Collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, coll. no. HUJ 9016.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1880Late Burdigalian–early Langhian, early–middle Miocene.“Seonica”, Bosnia and Herzegovina.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[invalid]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.PageBreakMelanopsisvidovici: Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Junior objective synonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Radmanest” [Rădmănești], Romania.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2512-158/1-2 .tesselata” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisinermis Handmann, 1882.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903Late Pleistocene–Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrot, 1868“Carpazi [...], Miskolz [...]” .Brot attributed the authority to “Titius (?) (Parreyss)”, probably based on an “in schedis” determination.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Tournouër, 1877Late Pannonian, late Miocene.“Smendou” [Zighoud Youcef], Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1936“Cascade d’Imouzer d’Agadir” [waterfall of Imouzzer at Agadir], Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Féruss.” mentioned in Adams and Adams (1853–1858: 310)[unavailable]Not indicated.Nomen nudum, appears only in Adams and Adams (1854) without explanation.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1928Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Tihany” (Fuchs 1870: 533), Hungary.Melanopsisgradata Fuchs, 1870. Both taxa were listed as junior synonyms of Melanopsisbrusinai Lörenthey, 1902 by Replacement name for the junior homonym Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Živković, 1893Badenian, middle Miocene.“Vražogrnac unterhalb des Einflusses des Alapin in den Timok” , Serbia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMorelet, 1864“In Marocco” [no locality indicated].PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Wenz, 1919Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“Tinnye” : 214, HuMelanopsissinzowi Lörenthey, 1902, non Brusina, 1885. Melanopsisrarispina Lörenthey, 1902. However, Melanopsisboueispinosa Handmann, 1882 and Melanopsisboueiventricosa Handmann, 1882 in synonymy of Melanopsisrarispina. While ventricosa Handmann is a homonym of Melanopsisventricosa Neumayr, 1880 and thus invalid, the name spinosa is available and has priority over rarispina.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Popescu-Voitești, 1910Lutetian, Eocene.“Gropile Vulpilor près Titești” [Gropile Vulpilor (?) near Titești], Romania.Coptostylusalbidus  (Thiaridae).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Bogachev [unavailable]Miocene.“Tori bei Borshomi” [Tori near Borjomi], Georgia.The name was only mentioned in a species list by Bogachev without description or illustration.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Blanckenhorn in Blanckenhorn & Oppenheim, 1927Plio-Pleistocene.Dreissena layer at Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.“Aus der pliocänen Dreissensiaschicht von Djisr esch-Schughr” , Morocco.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Papp, 1953Pannonian, zone F–G, late Miocene.“Moosbrunn, N.-Ö.”, Austria.Melanopsisboueitortispina) in Appeared first as nomen nudum .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1920Tafi Formation, early Pleistocene.“Antimaki” : 449 , Turkmenistan.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Blanckenhorn, 1897Plio-Pleistocene.Dreissena layers at Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.“In der Dreissensiaschicht von Dschisr esch-Schurr”  “M. Mario: Farnesina”, Italy.Melanopsistransiens Blanckenhorn, 1897. Melanopsiscerullii as replacement name. Melanopsisaffinis Férussac”, which is, however, not an available name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Cernikian, Pliocene.“Bečić; Podvinje (Čaplja) [Čaplja trench near Slavonski Brod]; Novska; Kovačevac; Moslavina”, Croatia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2520-166/1-2 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bandel, 2000Valcarga Formation, Campanian, Cretaceous.“Pumanous slump exposed near Torallola”, Spain.Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum University of Hamburg, coll. no. 4270.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBruguière, 1789Not indicated.Melanopsistricarinata or as Melanopsisdufouriitricarinata  in Melanopsistricarinata . PageBreakPleurocerastrombiforme  (Pleuroceridae).Appeared first as nomen nudum , but Melanopsis is feminine, which is why the name must be “trifasciata”. Type species of Zemelanopsis Finlay, 1926. The name “bifasciata” as mentioned in Originally the gender was indicated as masculine [unavailable]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Nomen nudum (Brusina apparently considered the term self-explanatory). Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Brusina (1903: 114)[unavailable]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Nomen nudum (Brusina apparently considered the term self-explanatory). Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bourguignat, 1880Langhian, middle Miocene.“Vallée de la Cettina” [Cetina river valley], Croatia.Melanopsisgeniculata Brusina, 1874.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 419)[unavailable]Not indicated.Melaniabuccinoidea  by Nomen nudum, “in schedis” name from Tarnier listed in synonymy of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pashko, 1968Tortonian, late Miocene.“Suita e Burrelit, prerja e Zallit të Gërmanit” , Albania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Locard, 1883Mammal zone MN 14, Pliocene.“Trévoux” (p. 53), France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fuchs, 1870Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.“Radmanest” [Rădmănești], Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Hoernes, 1876Late Sarmatian, Khersonian, late Miocene.“Renkiöi” [north of İntepe], Turkey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1884Early Langhian, middle Miocene.“Potravlje” (p. 47), Croatia.PageBreakMilan et al. (1974: 98) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2973-619.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in De Cristofori and Jan [unavailable]“Am. mer.” [South America].Nomen nudum, only mentioned in a species list by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeWesterlund, 1886“Uferstellen der Sann bei Römerbad” : 102 , Serbia.Perhaps stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, but not mentioned in the catalogue of Milošević (1962).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeYen, 1939[invalid]“See von Ta-li-fu (Yünnan)” , China.Melanopsistuberculata Pavlović, 1927. Probably not a Melanopsidae.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†De Stefani, 1880Late Villafranchian, Pleistocene.PageBreak“Monticiano”, Italy.Melanopsisaffinis Férussac”, which is not an available name.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“” mentioned in Brot [unavailable]“Taurus-Gebiete” [Taurus region], Turkey.Melaniabuccinoidea by Introduced in synonymy of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1916Stated to be uncertain by Melanopsisobesa , non Gassies, 1856. Despite a valid nomenclatural act, the name is hardly useful because Philippi’s species is certainly no Melanopsidae.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMorlet, 1881“Tozeur, Kriz”, Tunisia.tuneata” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePérès, 1939“Station 31. Daïa Afourgagh près d’Annosseur. Station 144. Oued Sidi Raba à 6 kilomètres environ en amont de son confluent avec le Bou-Regreg” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePageBreakMousson, 1874 “Dans le Karasu, affluent du lac d’Antioche (p. 33); environs de Samava ” .Mousson attributed the authority to Parreyss, but there is no evidence that the description really derived from that author.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fischer-de-Waldheim, 1837Jurassic?“Miatchkova” [Myachikovo?], Russia.Melanopsis.Certainly not a Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBrot, 1878[invalid]“Glina Fluss in Ungarn” [Glina river], Croatia.HemisinusEsperi” [now in Esperiana], based on a manuscript name by Parreyss. Melanopsisturgida Fischer-de-Waldheim, 1837. Fagotia [= Esperiana] esperi .Described and illustrated in synonymy of “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928[invalid]“Moulaï Taïeb et Taourirt du Zâ ” [Moulay Taïeb and in Oued Za at Taourirt (?) (eastern Morocco)], Morocco.Melanopsisturgida Fischer-de-Waldheim, 1837.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944Early Pannonian, late Miocene.“Turislav-Tal bei Soceni” [Turislav valley near Soceni], Romania.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePageBreakIzzatullaev & Starobogatov, 1984 “Закаспийская область” [Transcaspian Region], Russia.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Matheron, 1842Early Campanian, Cretaceous.Not stated after the description, as Matheron used to do it for the other species. Although he did not denote an exact locality, he mentioned earlier in text the occurrence of the species in deposits situated “vers Vitrolles et Martigues” (p. 148–149) .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1939[invalid]“‘Ain Arouss” , Syria.Melanopsisturricula Matheron, 1842.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Magrograssi, 1928Plio-Pleistocene.“Coo” [Kos island], Greece.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePicard, 1934“Jarmukmündung” [Yarmouk river mouth], Jordan/Israel.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeRossmässler, 1854[invalid]PageBreak“Im Gebiet des unteren Guadalquivir” [in the lower Guadalquivir river], Spain.Melanopsissevillensis Grateloup, 1840, arguing that “Grateloup elevated this variety to species level without reason”. Thus, Melanopsisturrita is an objective synonym of Melanopsissevillensis.Rossmässler (1854) based this new variety entirely on Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1887[invalid]Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf”, Austria.Melanopsisturrita Rossmässler, 1854. Melanopsishispidula as replacement name.Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Jekelius, 1944[invalid]Early Pannonian, late Miocene.“Turislav-Tal bei Soceni” [Turislav valley near Soceni], Romania.Melanopsisturrita Rossmässler, 1854 and junior synonym of Melanopsisturrita Handmann, 1887, for which Melanopsishispidula as replacement name .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Blanckenhorn, 1897Plio-Pleistocene.“In der obersten Melanopsiden-Thonbank des rechten Orontesufers bei Dschisr esch-Schurr” [in the uppermost clay bank at the right riverside of the Orontes near Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.Introduced as “n. mut.” but clearly as a binomen and hence not infrasubspecific in the sense of ICZN Art. 45.6.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.PageBreakMicrocolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[unresolved]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai   : 125.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[unresolved]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai   : 125.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[unresolved]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai   : 125.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903[unresolved]Late Pleistocene–early Holocene.PageBreak“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai   : 125.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Vidal, 1874Maastrichtian, Cretaceous.“Isona”, Spain.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Early Cernikian, early Pliocene.“Čerević”, Serbia.The illustrated syntypes are stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2511-157/1-4 .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fontannes, 1881Mammal zone MN 10–12, late Miocene.“Montvendre”, France.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Bukowski, 1892Salakos Formation, Pliocene.“Rhodos” , in the Oued Gough (?), and Tanalt, a few kilometers south of the former in the western Anti-Atlas], Morocco.“Souk el Hâd des Aït Souhab, dans l’oued Gough, et Tanalt, à quelques kilomètres au sud du précédent dans l’Anti Atlas occidental” , Iran.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Sandri” mentioned in Brusina (1866: 106)[unavailable]“Cetina”, Croatia.Nomen nudum, listed by Brusina without any explanation.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Handmann, 1882Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a”, Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMorelet, 1857“[Ad Sanctam-Mariam de Balade]” [Balade], New Caledonia.Melanopsisfrustulum Morelet, 1857.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae“Grimmer” mentioned in Brot (1874–1879: 12) and Clessin (1890: 676)[unavailable]Not indicated.Melaniaholandri” [sic] [unavailable]“Bei Valencia” [near Valencia], Spain.ventricosior = Latin “more bulbous”).Introduced as infrasubspecific taxon (forma below a variety), which is not ruled by the provisions of the Code. Moreover, the name is a nomen nudum; Westerlund apparently considered the name a descriptive term [unavailable]Miocene.“Boesciwiese, östlich von Kohldorf [...] in dem von Norden, vom Balomberge hinablaufenden Seitengraben” , Hungary.Melanopsisimpressa and not a variety. Melanopsisimpressa.Nomen nudum, appears without explanation in the text. Possibly, Schréter wanted to denote that it is the “real” Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Lalla Maghnia, sur la frontière du Maroc” , Morocco or Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† “” mentioned in Sandberger (1870: 88–89)[unavailable]Unknown.“Plan d’Aups (Var)” .Paludomuslyravar.calva , which he described there as new.Nomen nudum, used by Matheron in correspondence with Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Oppenheim, 1890Ronca Beds, Bartonian, Eocene.“Lovara di Tressino, Mussolon, Monte Pulli bei Valdagno” , Italy.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1903Late Pleistocene–Holocene.“Bischofsbad” , Romania.Microcolpiaparreyssiisikorai .Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Early–middle Miocene.“Kirin (Stipan)”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 98) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2502-148.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Dans les cours d’eau aux environs d’Ismidt, en Anatolie” [in rivers around İzmit], Turkey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1936Not indicated, but probably in Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Blanckenhorn, 1897Plio-Pleistocene.“In der ersten Thonbank des linken Orontesufers bei Dschisr esch-Schurr” [in the first clay bank at the left riverside of the Orontes near Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria.Introduced as “n. mut.” but clearly as a binomen and hence not infrasubspecific in the sense of ICZN Art. 45.6.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Fuchs in Fuchs & Karrer, 1870Pannonian, zone E, late Miocene.“Zu Brunn, Inzersdorf, Rothneusiedel und Wien” , Austria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pavlović, 1932Pontian (Dacian Basin), late Miocene–Pliocene.“Села Дрсника” [village Drsnik], Kosovo.Perhaps stored in the Natural History Museum, Belgrade, but not mentioned in the catalogue of Milošević (1962).Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1874Langhian, middle Miocene.“Miočić”, Croatia.Milan et al. (1974: 99) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 3205-851.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Strausz, 1942Transdanubian, Pannonian, late Miocene.Canthidomusbalatonica horizon at Nyárád, Hungary (p. 23).The locality was indicated as number “85” by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1902Langhian, middle Miocene.“Džepe” [Džepi], Bosnia and Herzegovina.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Pallary, 1916Pannonian, zone D, late Miocene.“Kottingbrunn [...] Ziegelei a” : 560, AuMelanopsisfasciata Handmann, 1882, non Gassies, 1874. Melanopsishaueri Handmann, 1882.Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Porumbaru, 1881Early Romanian, Pliocene.“Bucovatzu” [Bucovăț], Romania.vitzui” as mentioned in The name “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1928“Beni Mellal, dans l’oued Taguenout” , Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014Middle Pannonian, late Miocene.“У Карагачу” : 60 , Turkey.Melanopsispraemorsa .PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeMarwick, 1926“Coast south side Wai-iti Stream”, New Zealand.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Esu & Girotti, 2015Late early Pleistocene.“Stirone river section, between Laurano and S. Nicomede (Emilia)”, Italy.Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, coll. no. SMF 345834.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014Pannonian, zone B–D, late Miocene.“Leobersdorf” , AustriaMelanopsismartinianarugosa Handmann, 1887.See statement for Melanopsismartinianarugosa Handmann, 1887, non Matheron, 1842 (see Note 1).Replacement name for Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Mertin, 1939Mertin 193: 206, pl. 6, fig. 3.Heidelberg Formation, late Santonian, late Cretaceous.“Flugplatz Quedlinburg” [airfield at Quedlinburg], Germany.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Meijer, 1990Bavelian Complex, Pleistocene.“Clay-pit North of the village of Bavel ”, Netherlands.Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem, The Netherlands; no number indicated.Esperiana (Microcolpia).PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeIzzatullaev & Starobogatov, 1984“Золотой ключ около Ашхабада” [Zolotoy spring near Ashgabat], Turkmenistan.Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg; no number indicated.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae† ?Pezant, 1908Bartonian, Eocene.“Monneville”, France.Melanopsidae.Probably not a Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeDe Cristofori & Jan, 1832“Guinea”, indicated in the previous part of the same work .Melanopsidae.Probably not a Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePallary, 1920“Sefrou”, Morocco.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGould, 1847“New Zealand” [no locality indicated].Zemelanopsistrifasciata . The name “zealandica” as mentioned in Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Neumayr, 1869Langhian, middle Miocene.PageBreak“Miocic” [Miočić], Croatia.Illustrated syntypes are stored at the Geological Survey Austria, Vienna, coll. no. 1869/01/5/1-2.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1856“L’Aïn-Kadra, sur les hauts plateaux de l’Atlas, à deux mètres des Chots” , Algeria.Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1864[invalid]“Biskra”, Algeria.Melanopsismaroccanazonata Gassies, 1856 (see Note 1), which Bourguignat listed as well (p. 260–261).Junior homonym of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeBourguignat, 1884“Aus einem Mühlbache bei Nassenfuss in Unterkrain” [from a mill creek near Mokronog], Slovenia.Melaniaholandrivar.laevigata figured in Introduced for a specimen of Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePaladilhe, 1875“Meknès”, Morocco.subcostatazonato-”.Described originally as “Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaeGassies, 1870“Prope Saint-Vincent” [near Saint-Vincent], New Caledonia.Melanopsisbrevis Morelet, 1857 .PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidaePaetel, 1888“Persia” : 208, IrOriginally introduced as infrasubspecific taxon (“subvariety”) by Taxon classificationAnimaliaSorbeoconchaMelanopsidae†Brusina, 1893Pannonian, zone D–E, late Miocene.“Ripanj”, Serbia.Milan et al. (1974: 99) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand . The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 2531-177/1.