Perenniporia is an important genus of Polyporaceae. In its common acceptation, however, the genus is polyphyletic. In this study, phylogenetic analyses on a set of Perenniporia species and related genera were carried out using DNA sequences of multiple loci, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) and the b-tubulin gene (TBB1). Based on morphology and phylogeny, 15 new genera, viz., Aurantioporia, Citrinoporia, Cystidioporia, Dendroporia, Luteoperenniporia, Macroporia, Macrosporia, Minoporus, Neoporia, Niveoporia, Rhizoperenniporia, Tropicoporia, Truncatoporia, Vanderbyliella, and Xanthoperenniporia, are proposed; 2 new species, Luteoperenniporia australiensis and Niveoporia subrusseimarginata, are described; and 37 new combinations are proposed. Illustrated descriptions of the new species are provided. Identification keys to Perenniporia and its related genera and keys to the species of these genera are provided. Perenniporia Murrill, typified by P. medulla-panis (Jacq.) Donk, is a large and cosmopolitan genus. The genus has been redefined by Decock and Stalpers [Stalpers , who desStalpers ,3.Perenniporia has been intensively studied and the number of species has increased significantly. Many new species were published based on morphological characters [In the last few decades, aracters ,12,13,14aracters ,27,28,29Perenniporia. A recent trend is to make the morphologically distinct species or morphologically homogeneous alliance separate from Perenniporia. For instance, Perenniporiella Decock & Ryvarden [Perenniporia based on non-truncate basidiospores. This was later confirmed by Robledo et al. [Hornodermoporus, Truncospora, and Vanderbylia are usually treated as synonyms of Perenniporia [Perenniporia s. s. clade, each morphologically homogenous [These multiple additions considerably enlarged the morphological concept of Ryvarden  was sepao et al.  by phylonniporia ,32,33,34mogenous ,20,26,31Perenniporia is polyphyletic, and some monophyletic clades have been separated from Perenniporia s. l. and recognized as independent genera [P. narymica (Pilát) Pouzar was segregated into Yuchengia B.K. Cui & K.T. Steffen [Perenniporia minutissima (Yasuda) T. Hatt. & Ryvarden from Perenniporia as Perenniporiopsis minutissima (Yasuda) C.L. Zhao based on the phylogenetic analyses, as well as the morphological differences of rigidly osseous basidiocarps when there are dry and large basidiospores. Cui et al. [Perenniporia hattorii Y.C. Dai and B.K. Cui from Perenniporia into Amylosporia B.K. Cui, C.L. Zhao & Y.C. Dai because of its amyloid skeletal hyphae and basidiospores, and P. subadusta (Z.S. Bi & G.Y. Zheng) Y.C. Dai from Perenniporia into Murinicarpus B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai on account of its stipitate basidiocarps and cystidia in the hymenium. Chen et al. [Perenniporia subacida (Peck) Donk formed a well-supported lineage that is distinct from the Perenniporia s. s. clade and proposed that P. subacida should be treated in a new genus named Poriella C.L. Zhao.The current phylogenetic analysis confirmed that t genera ,35,36,37Amylosporia, Murinicarpus, Perenniporiopsis, Poriella, and Yuchengia [Perenniporia species are still doubtful, and some species should be separated from Perenniporia. In order to clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of Perenniporia s. l., reliable specimens and sequences were studied using morphological methods and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, nLSU, mtSSU, TEF1, and TBB1.Although some monophyletic lineages have been assigned a new genus name  and the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (IFP). Macro-morphological descriptions were based on field notes. Special color terms followed the Petersen protocol . Micro-mhttp://www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers.htm, accessed on 12 October 2021). The mtSSU regions were amplified with the primer pairs MS1 and MS2 [A CTAB rapid plant genome extraction kit-DN14  was used to extract total genomic DNA from dried specimens and to perform the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, with some modifications ,41. The  and MS2 . Part of and MS2 . TBB1 wa and MS2 . The PCR and MS2 . The PCRHeterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. and Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. were used as outgroups for the ITS + nLSU analysis [Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. and Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers. were selected as outgroups for the ITS + nLSU + mtSSU + TEF1 + TBB1 analysis. All sequences were aligned in MAFFT 7 [http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/, accessed on 11 June 2022) and manually adjusted in BioEdit [analysis , Fomitop MAFFT 7   and involved 1000 ML searches under the GTRGAMMA model. Only the maximum likelihood best tree from all searches was kept. In addition, 1000 rapid bootstrap replicates were run with the GTRCAT model to assess the reliability of the nodes.ML studies were conducted with RAxML-HPC through the Cipres Science Gateway  . Four Mahttp://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/, accessed on 12 June 2022). Branches that received bootstrap support for maximum likelihood (BS) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 50% (BS) and ≥0.90 (BPP) were considered significantly supported. The final concatenated sequence alignment and the retrieved topology were deposited in TreeBase .Trees were viewed in FigTree v1.4.2 . The topology from the ML analysis with a maximum likelihood bootstrap (BS) ≥ 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.90 labeled on branches is shown .The combined five-gene  sequence dataset included sequences from 119 fungal samples representing 70 taxa. The dataset had an aligned length of 3498 characters, of which 2285 characters were constant, 226 were variable and parsimony-uninformative, and 987 were parsimony-informative. BI analysis generated topologies similar to those of ML analysis, with an average standard deviation of split frequencies = 0.007253 (BI). The topology from the ML analysis with a maximum likelihood bootstrap (BS) ≥ 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.90 labeled on branches is shown .Aurantioporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847338Differs from other genera by its resupinate, rhizomorphic basidiocarps with an orange pore surface, a dimitic hyphal system with arboriform skeletal hyphae, tissues becoming violet in KOH, ellipsoid, truncate, and slightly dextrinoid basidiospores.Aurantioporia bambusicola  B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Aurantioporia (Lat.) refers to the orange pore surface of the genus.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual to perennial and resupinate with rhizomorphs. The pore surface is yellow to orange when fresh, grayish orange, and orange-brown to dark orange when dry; pores are round to angular; dissepiments thin, entire. The subiculum is extremely thin and cream to pale orange. The tubes are concolorous with pore surface. The hyphal system is dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae arboriform, IKI−, CB+; tissues become violet to dark in KOH. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, slightly dextrinoid, and CB+.P. aurantiaca (A. David & Rajchenb.) Decock & Ryvarden and P. bambusicola Choeyklin, T. Hatt. & E.B.G. Jones formed a single well-supported clade  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847362Pyrofomes aurantiacus A. David & Rajchenb., Mycotaxon 22(2): 312 (1985).Basionym: Perenniporia aurantiaca (A. David & Rajchenb.) Decock & Ryvarden, Mycol. Res. 103(9): 1140 (1999).≡ Perenniporia aurantiaca, see David and Rajchenberg [For a detailed description of chenberg  and Decochenberg .Aurantioporia aurantiaca was originally described in Pyrofomes by David and Rajchenberg [Perenniporia by Decock and Ryvarden [Aurantioporia aurantiaca from French Guyana  fell into the Aurantioporia clade in our phylogeny.Notes: chenberg  and lateRyvarden . The seqAurantioporia bambusicola  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847363Perenniporia bambusicola Choeyklin, T. Hatt. & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Diversity 36: 122 (2009).Basionym: Perenniporia bambusicola, see Choeyklin et al. [For a detailed description of n et al.  and Cui n et al. .Aurantioporia bambusicola was first described in Perenniporia from Thailand [Aurantioporia aurantiaca also shares an orange pore surface, but Aurantioporia aurantiaca grows on hardwood trees [Notes: Thailand . It is cod trees .Specimen examined: CHINA. Yunnan, Cangyuan County, Banlao, on bamboo, 11 July 2013, Cui 11050 (BJFC).AurantioporiaKey to species of A. bambusicola1. Growing on bamboo; distributed in Southeast Asia ………………………………………………………………………………………………… A. aurantiaca1. Growing on other hardwoods; distributed in neotropical areas………………………………………………………………………………………Citrinoporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847346Differs from other genera by its slightly cushion shape, yellow pore surface, a dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid, and cyanophilous shortly arboriform vegetative hyphae and ellipsoid, truncate, thick-walled, dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Type species:Citrinoporia (Lat.) refers to the yellowish pore surface of the genus.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual to perennial and resupinate. The pore surface is white to yellow; pores are round. Subiculum is cream to buff, corky. Tubes are buff to pale brown and corky to hard corky. The hyphal system is dimitic: generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae arboriform, IKI−, CB+; tissues becoming pale brown to black in KOH. Cystidia is absent, cystidioles are present. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid, and CB+.P. citrinoalba B.K. Cui, C.L. Zhao & Y.C. Dai and P. corticola (Corner) Decock clustered together and formed a clade distinct from the Perenniporia s. s clade with full support  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847364Perenniporia citrinoalba B.K. Cui, C.L. Zhao & Y.C. Dai, Fungal Diversity 97: 270 (2019)Basionym: Perenniporia citrinoalba, see Cui et al. [For a detailed description of i et al. .Citrinoporia citrinoalba was newly described in Perenniporia from tropical China [Notes: al China . It is cSpecimens examined: CHINA. Hainan, Qiongzhong County, Limushan Forest Park, on fallen trunk of Castanopsis, 15 June 2014, Dai 13643 , on fallen angiosperm trunk, 18 November 2015, Cui 13615 (BJFC).Citrinoporia corticola (Corner) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. Nov.MycoBank: MB 847365Parmastomyces corticola Corner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 96: 96 (1989).Basionym: Perenniporia corticola (Corner) Decock, Mycologia 93(4): 776 (2001).≡ Perenniporia dipterocarpicola T. Hatt. & S.S. Lee, Mycologia 91(3): 525 (1999)= Citrinoporia corticola was originally described in Parmastomyces Kotl. & Pouzar from Malaysia by Corner [Parmastomyces corticola and confirmed that this species has a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and transferred the species to Perenniporia. Citrinoporia corticola and Citrinoporia citrinoalba share yellow pore surfaces, dimitic hyphal structures, and truncate basidiospores, but the basidiospores of C. citrinoalba (5.5–6 × 4.7–5.2 µm) [Citrinoporia corticola (4.4–5 × 3.4–4 μm) [Notes: y Corner  as haviny Corner  studied –5.2 µm)  are larg.4–4 μm) .Specimens examined: MALAYSIA. Selangor, Kota Damansara, Community Forest Reserve, on angiosperm stump, 17 April 2018 Dai 18633, 18641 (BJFC).CitrinoporiaKey to species of C. corticola1. Basidiospores 4.4–5 μm; growing mainly on trees of Dipterocarpaceae……………………………………………………………………………… C. citrinoalba1. Basidiospores 5.5–6 µm; growing on trees of Fagaceae ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Cystidioporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847348Differs from other genera by its resupinate basidiocarps, slightly dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, presence of thick-walled cystidia, and thick-walled, oblong-ellipsoid, truncate, slightly dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Cystidioporia piceicola (Y.C. Dai) B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Cystidioporia (Lat.) refers to resembling Perenniporia but with cystidia.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual to biennial, resupinate, soft corky when fresh, and hard corky when dry. Pore surface is cream to buff when fresh and pale yellowish upon drying. Pores are round and large; dissepiments are thin, entire. Subiculum is yellowish ochraceous and corky. Tubes are yellowish ochraceous or straw yellow and corky. Hyphal system is dimitic to trimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae is slightly dextrinoid, CB+; tissues unchanged in KOH. Cystidia present, thick-walled, strongly CB+. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, slightly dextrinoid, and CB+.Perenniporia piceicola Y.C. Dai formed a single clade distant from the Perenniporia s. s. clade. Moreover, this species has thick-walled cystidia, large pores, and basidiospores  [Perenniporia. Thus, the new genus is set up, and the following combination is proposed.Notes: In our present phylogenetic analyses , two spe–7.5 µm)  which arCystidioporia piceicola (Y.C. Dai) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847366Perenniporia piceicola Y.C. Dai, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 39(3): 173 (2002).Basionym: Perenniporia piceicola, see Dai et al. [For a detailed description of i et al. .Cystidioporia piceicola was originally described in Perenniporia by Dai et al. [Picea and Abies.Notes: i et al. ; it is cAbies, 16 September 2018, Cui 17062 (BJFC), and on fallen trunk of Picea, 16 September 2018, Cui 17069 (BJFC).Specimens examined: CHINA. Yunnan, Lijiang, Yunshanping, on fallen trunk of Picea likiangensis, 18 June 1999, Dai 3089 , on fallen trunk of Dendroporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847349Differs from other genera by annual and resupinate basidiocarps with gray to pale brown pore surface, a dimitic hyphal system with weakly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, tissues darkening in KOH, presence of dendrohyphidia and large rhomboid crystals, and hyaline to pale yellowish, thick-walled, ellipsoid, truncate, non-dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Dendroporia cinereofusca (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Dendroporia (Lat.) refers to the presence of dendrohyphidia.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual, resupinate, adnate, and corky. Pore surface is gray to pale brown. Subiculum is thin and clay buff to pale brown. Tubes are concolorous with pore surface and corky. Hyphal system is dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae weakly dextrinoid and CB+; tissues are brown to black in KOH. Dendrohyphidia present at dissepimental edges; cystidia are absent; cystidioles are present. Large rhomboid crystals are present. Basidiospores ellipsoid, truncate, hyaline to pale yellowish, thick-walled, smooth, IKI−, and CB+.Perenniporia cinereofusca B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao formed a strongly supported clade distinct from the Perenniporia s. s. clade  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847367Perenniporia cinereofusca B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, Mycoscience 55: 419 (2014).Basionym: Perenniporia cinereofusca, see Zhao et al. [For a detailed description of o et al. .Dendroporia cinereofusca was first described in Perenniporia from tropical China [Notes: al China  and is cSpecimens examined: CHINA. Hainan, Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 18 November 2007, Dai 9289 ; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan Forest Park, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 20 November 2007, Cui 5280 .Luteoperenniporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847350Differs from other genera by its resupinate basidiocarps with buff-yellow to cinnamon-buff pore surface, a dimitic hyphal system with weak to strong dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, the presence of cystidioles, and thick-walled, ellipsoid, and non-truncate, dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Luteoperenniporia bannaensis (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Luteoperenniporia (Lat.) refers to resembling Perenniporia but with a buff-yellow pore surface when dry.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual to perennial and resupinate. Pore surface iscream, buff to pale cinnamon buff when fresh, and becoming buff, buff-yellow to cinnamon-buff upon drying; pores are round to angular; dissepiments thin, entire to lacerate. Subiculum is thin and buff to cinnamon-buff. Tubes are concolorous with pore surface and corky. Hyphal system is dimitic, generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae weakly to strongly dextrinoid, CB+; tissues are unchanged in KOH. Cystidia is absent; cystidioles are present. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, non-truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid, and CB+.Luteoperenniporia formed a single clade with high support  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847368Perenniporia bannaensis B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, Fungal Diversity 58: 52 (2013).Basionym: Perenniporia bannaensis, see Zhao et al. [For a detailed description of o et al. .Luteoperenniporia bannaensis was recently described in Perenniporia from China by Zhao et al. [L. yinggelingensis in morphology and phylogeny; they share annual and resupinate basidiocarps, cream to buff pore surface and a dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, and both species are distributed in the tropics. However, L. yinggelingensis is distinguished from L. bannaensis by its larger pores and basidiospores  [Notes: o et al. ; it is c–5.5 μm) .Specimens examined: CHINA. Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Wangtianshu Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 2 November 2009, Cui 8560 , Cui 8562 .Luteoperenniporia mopanshanensis (C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847369Perenniporia mopanshanensis C.L. Zhao, Mycotaxon 134(1): 132 (2019).Basionym: Perenniporia mopanshanensis, see Zhao and Ma [For a detailed description of o and Ma .Luteoperenniporia mopanshanensis was recently described in Perenniporia by Zhao and Ma [L. mopanshanensis and L. bannaensis are both reported from Yunnan Province in southern China. They share resupinate basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system with strongly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, non-truncate, and strongly dextrinoid and similar sized basidiospores. However, L. bannaensis differs by having an annual growth habit and smaller pores (6–8 per mm) [Notes: o and Ma . L. mopa per mm) .Luteoperenniporia yinggelingensis (B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847370Perenniporia yinggelingensis B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai, Fungal Diversity 97: 300 (2019).Basionym: Perenniporia yinggelingensis, see Cui et al. [For a detailed description of i et al. .Luteoperenniporia yinggelingensis was newly described from a tropical area of China [L. yinggelingensis is close to L. mopanshanensis, but the latter species has perennial basidiocarps, larger pores (3–5 per mm), indistinct sterile margins, and strongly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae [Notes: of China . It is cl hyphae .Specimens examined: CHINA. Hainan, Baisha County, Yinggeling Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 17 November 2015, Cui 13625 ; on fallen angiosperm branch, 17 June 2016, Cui 13856 (BJFC).Luteoperenniporia australiensis B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, sp. nov.; Figure 4MycoBank: MB 847371Luteoperenniporia by its annual to perennial growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with buff to cinnamon-buff pore surfaces, a dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and ellipsoid, non-truncate, dextrinoid basidiospores (6.2–7.5 × 4–5.2 μm).Differs from other species of Eucalyptus, 15 May 2018, Cui 16743 (BJFC).Holotype: AUSTRALIA. Tasmania, Keogh’s Creek Walk, on fallen trunk of australiensis (Lat.) refers to the country where the new species was found.Etymology: Fruitbody: Basidiocarps are annual to perennial, resupinate, without odor or taste when fresh, corky to hard corky when dry, and up to 14 cm long, 8.5 cm wide, and 7 mm thick at center. Pore surface is buff-yellow, pinkish buff to pale cinnamon-buff when fresh, and buff, pale yellowish-brown to cinnamon-buff upon drying; pores are round to angular, 4–6 per mm, dissepiments thin, entire to lacerate. Sterile margin is distinct to indistinct, buff, and up to 2 mm wide. Subiculum is thin, buff, and up to 1 mm thick. Tubes are concolorous with pore surface, corky to hard corky when dry, and up to 6 mm long.Hyphal structure: Hyphal system is dimitic; generative hyphae bearing clamp connections; skeletal hyphae dextrinoid, and CB+; tissues are unchanged in KOH.Subiculum: Generative hyphae is infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally branched, and 1.5–2.5 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae is dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with a wide to narrow lumen, rarely branched, interwoven, and 2–5 μm in diameter.Tubes: Generative hyphae is infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally branched, and 1–2.4 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae is dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with a wide to narrow lumen, occasionally branched, interwoven, and 1–3 μm. Cystidia are absent; fusoid cystidioles are present, hyaline, thin-walled, and 15.5–22 × 5.8–8 μm. Basidia clavate, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 15–24.5 × 6.5–9.7 μm; basidioles are dominant and in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller.Spores: Basidiospores are ellipsoid, non-truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid, CB+, (6–) 6.2–7.4 (–7.7) × (3.9–) 4–5.2 (–5.4) μm, L = 6.77 μm, W = 4.58 μm, Q = 1.44–1.54 (n = 90/3).Luteoperenniporia australiensis is characterized by its annual to perennial and resupinate basidiocarps, buff to cinnamon-buff pore surface, entire to lacerate pores, a dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, presence of cystidioles, and ellipsoid, non-truncate, dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores. Luteoperenniporia bannaensis is similar to L. australiensis by sharing a buff-yellow to pinkish buff pore surface, a dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid, and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae. However, L. bannaensis differs from L. australiensis by its smaller pores (6–8 per mm) and smaller basidiospores (5.2–6 × 4–4.6 μm) [Luteoperenniporia yinggelingensis may be confused with L. australiensis by having resupinate basidiocarps, and similar pore size and basidiospores. However, L. yinggelingensis is distinguished from L. australiensis mainly by its annual growth habit and cream to buff pore surface [Perenniporia subaurantiaca (Rodway & Cleland) P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden is also described from Tasmania, it is similar to Luteoperenniporia australiensis in its resupinate basidiocarps, dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, and presence of cystidioles, but P. subaurantiaca has greyish cream to greyish orange pore surfaces and larger basidiospores (7.2–9.5 × 4.2–5.5 μm) [Notes: –4.6 μm) . Luteope surface . Perenni–5.5 μm) Eucalyptus, 9 May 2018, Cui 16524 (BJFC), on fallen trunk of Eucalyptus, 9 May 2018, Cui 16525 (BJFC), 10 May 2018, Cui 16535 (BJFC), on living tree of Eucalyptus, 10 May 2018, Cui 16533, Cui 16534 (BJFC); Tasmania, Keogh’s Creek Walk, on fallen trunk of Eucalyptus, 15 May 2018, Cui 16742 (BJFC).Additional specimens (paratypes) examined: AUSTRALIA. Victoria, Yarra Ranges National Park, at the base of living LuteoperenniporiaKey to species of L. bannaensis1. Pores 6–8 per mm……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1. Pores 3–6 per mm…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2L. mopanshanensis2. Skeletal hyphae unbranched…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2. Skeletal hyphae branched ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3L. yinggelingensis3. Basidiocarps annual, distributed in tropical areas…………………………………………………………………………………………………L. australiensis3. Basidiocarps annual to perennial, distributed in temperate to subtropical areas…………………………………………………………………Macroporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847352Differs from other genera by its annual and resupinate basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, the presence of thin-walled cystidioles, and hyaline, thick-walled, ellipsoid, truncate, dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Macroporia macropora (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Macroporia (Lat.) refers to the species with relatively large pores in Perenniporia.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual, resupinate, adnate. Pore surface is white, cream to buff when fresh, and becoming buff, pinkish buff to yellowish buff upon drying; pores are angular; dissepiments are thin, entire to lacerate. Subiculum is thin, cream. Tubes are concolorous with pore surface, corky to hard corky. Hyphal system is dimitic, generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae branched, dextrinoid, CB+; tissues are unchanged in KOH. Cystidia is absent; cystidioles are usually present. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid, and CB+.Perenniporia lacerata B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, P. macropora B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, P. subrhizomorpha Xue W. Wang, L.W. Zhou & X.M. Tian and P. tibetica B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao grouped together and formed a well-supported clade  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847372Perenniporia lacerata B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, Mycoscience 54: 232 (2013).Basionym: Perenniporia lacerata, see Zhao and Cui [For a detailed description of  and Cui .Macroporia lacerata was originally described in Perenniporia from China by Zhao and Cui [Notes:  and Cui . It is cSpecimens examined: CHINA. Henan, Xiuwu County, Yuntaishan Park, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 3 September 2009, Cui 7220 ; Neixiang County, Baotianman Nature Reserve, on rotten angiosperm wood, 22 September 2009, Dai 11268 .Macroporia macropora (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847373Perenniporia macropora B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, Mycologia 105: 947 (2013).Basionym: Perenniporia macropora, see Zhao and Cui [For a detailed description of  and Cui .Macroporia macropora was first described in Perenniporia from southern China by Zhao and Cui [M. macropora is very close to M. lacerata in the current phylogeny, but M. lacerata differs from M. macropora by its smaller (3–5 per mm) and lacerate pores, the absence of dendrohyphidia, and smaller basidiospores (6.1–7 × 5–5.7 μm) [Notes:  and Cui . It is d–5.7 μm) .Specimens examined: CHINA. Guangxi, Ningming County, Nonggang Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm branch, 8 July 2007, Zhou 407 , 7 July 2007, Zhou 297 .Macroporia subrhizomorpha  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847374Perenniporia subrhizomorpha Xue W. Wang, L.W. Zhou & X.M. Tian, Phytotaxa 528(2): 129 (2021).Basionym: Perenniporia subrhizomorpha, see Tian et al. [For a detailed description of n et al. .Macroporia subrhizomorpha was recently described in Perenniporia as P. subrhizomorpha by Tian et al. [Perenniporia rhizomorpha may be confused with P. subrhizomorpha by sharing cream rhizomorphs and similar pore sizes, but the former species differs by its non-truncate basidiospores [Perenniporia tibetica also has rhizomorphs but differs from P. subrhizomorpha by larger pores (2–3 per mm) [Notes: n et al. . Perenniiospores . Perenni per mm) .Macroporia tibetica (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847375Perenniporia tibetica B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, Mycoscience 53: 366 (2012).Basionym: Perenniporia tibetica, see Cui and Zhao [For a detailed description of and Zhao .Macroporia tibetica is characterized by resupinate basidiocarps with white to cream rhizomorphs, a dimitic hyphal system with slightly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and ellipsoid, truncate or not, dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores. M. macropora and M. tibetica share resupinate basidiocarps and similar pores, but the former differs in having dendrohyphidia and lacking rhizomorphs [Notes: zomorphs .Specimens examined: CHINA. Xizang, Linzhi County, Tongmai, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 16 September 2010, Cui 9457 , Cui 9459 .MacroporiaKey to species of M. lacerata1. Pores lacerate …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  1. Pores entire ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  2M. macropora2. Basidiocarps without rhizomorphs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Basidiocarps with rhizomorphs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3M. tibetica3. Pores 2–3 per mm………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………M. subrhizomorpha3. Pores 4–6 per mm …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Macrosporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847353Differs from other genera by its annual and resupinate basidiocarps, cinnamon-buff pore surface, a trimitic hyphal system with weakly dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, and hyaline, thick-walled, ellipsoid, truncate, strongly dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Macrosporia nanlingensis (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Macrosporia (Lat.) refers to the large basidiospores.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual, resupinate, adnate, corky when fresh, and becoming hard corky upon drying. Pore surface is cream-buff to yellowish buff when fresh, becoming cinnamon-buff upon drying; pores are round; dissepiments are thick, entire. Subiculum is cream to buff. Tubes are concolorous with the pore surface and hard corky. Hyphal system is trimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal and binding hyphae are weakly dextrinoid and CB+. Cystidia is absent; cystidioles are present. Basidiospores areellipsoid, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, strongly dextrinoid, and CB+.Perenniporia nanlingensis B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao formed a single clade that was distant from the Perenniporia s. s. clade. Morphologically, it differs from Perenniporia s. s. by its annual and resupinate basidiocarps with cinnamon-buff pore surfaces and larger basidiospores. Therefore, Macrosporia gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate P. nanlingensis.Notes: In our study, Macrosporia nanlingensis (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847376Perenniporia nanlingensis B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, Mycol. Prog. 11: 556 (2012).Basionym: Perenniporia nanlingensis, see Zhao and Cui [For a detailed description of  and Cui .Macrosporia nanlingensis was first described in Perenniporia from southern China [Notes: rn China ; it is cSpecimens examined: CHINA. Guangdong Province, Ruyang County, Nanling Nature Reserve, on dead angiosperm tree, 16 September 2009, Cui 7589 , Cui 7620 .Minoporus B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847354Differs from other genera by its annual and pileate basidiocarps, cream to pale buff pileal surface when fresh, a dimitic hyphal system with weakly amyloid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, and hyaline, thick-walled, ellipsoid, truncate, dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Minoporus minor (Y.C. Dai & H.X. Xiong) B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Minoporus (Lat.) refers to the small pilei.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual, pileate, solitary, and soft corky when fresh, becoming hard corky upon drying. Pilei are semicircular to spathulate. Pileal surface is cream to pale buff when fresh, becoming cinnamon-buff when dry. Pore surface is cream when fresh, becoming cinnamon-buff when dry; pores are round. Context is white to cream, corky. Tubes are concolorous with pore surface and hard corky. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae is weakly amyloid and CB+. Cystidia and cystidioles are absent. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid, and CB+.Perenniporia minor Y.C. Dai & H.X. Xiong formed a highly supported single clade  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847377Perenniporia minor Y.C. Dai & H.X. Xiong, Mycotaxon 105: 60 (2008).Basionym: Perenniporia minor, see Xiong et al. [For a detailed description of g et al. .Notes: This species was described from northeastern China by Xiong et al.  and is cAcer, 14 September 2007, Dai 9198 ; Liaoning, Huanren County, Laotudingzi Nature Reserve, on fallen branch of Quercus, 31 July 2008, Cui 5738 (BJFC).Specimens examined: CHINA. Jilin, Antu County, Changbaishan Nature Reserve, Huangsongpu, on fallen branch of Neoporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847355Differs from other genera by its annual and resupinate basidiocarps with a buff-yellow pore surface, a dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, and ellipsoid, non-truncate, dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Neoporia rhizomorpha  B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Neoporia (Lat.) refers to the genus resembling Perenniporia.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual, resupinate and corky when dry. Pore surface is cream to buff when fresh, buff-yellow to grayish orange upon drying; pores are round to angular. Subiculum is cream to buff. Tubes are concolorous with the pore surface and corky. Hyphal system is dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae dextrinoid, CB+; tissues unchanged in KOH. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, non-truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid, and CB+.Perenniporia, P. bostonensis C.L. Zhao, P. koreana Y. Jang & J.J. Kim, and P. rhizomorpha B.K. Cui, Y.C. Dai & Decock grouped together and formed a highly supported clade  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847378Perenniporia bostonensis C.L. Zhao, Phytotaxa 351(1): 67 (2018).Basionym: Perenniporia bostonensis, see Shen et al. [For a detailed description of n et al. .Neoporia bostonensis was recently described in Perenniporia from North America by Shen et al. [Notes: n et al. . It is cNeoporia koreana (Y. Jang & J.J. Kim) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847379Perenniporia koreana Y. Jang & J.J. Kim, Mycotaxon 130(1): 174 (2015).Basionym: Perenniporia bannaensis, see Jang et al. [For a detailed description of g et al. .Neoporia koreana was originally described from Republic of Korea as Perenniporia koreana by Jang et al. [Neoporia koreana from type specimens fell into Neoporia in our phylogeny. Thus, P. koreana is transferred to Neoporia. N. koreana is similar to N. bostonensis in resupinate basidiocarps, similar sized pores, dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and non-truncate basidiospores, but the former has larger basidiospores (6–7 × 3.9–5.2 μm) [Notes: g et al. ; it has –5.2 μm)  and the –5.2 μm) .Neoporia rhizomorpha  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847380Perenniporia rhizomorpha B.K. Cui, Y.C. Dai & Decock, Mycotaxon 99: 176 (2007).Basionym: Perenniporia rhizomorpha, see Cui et al. [For a detailed description of i et al. .Neoporia rhizomorpha was first described in Perenniporia based on morphological characters from China [Neoporia due to its resupinate basidiocarps with rhizomorphs.Notes: om China . It is uSpecimens examined: CHINA. Anhui, Huangshan, Yellow Mountain, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 13 October 2004, Dai 6165 ; Fujian, Wuyishan County, Wuyishan Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm branch, 19 October 2005, Cui 7248 .NeoporiaKey to species of N. rhizomorpha1. Basidiocarps with rhizomorphs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1. Basidiocarps without rhizomorphs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2N. bostonensis2. Basidiospores 3.5–4.5 × 3–4 μm ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… N. koreana2. Basidiospores 6–7 × 3.9–5.2 μm………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Niveoporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847356Differs from other genera by perennial basidiocarps with white pore surface when fresh, distinct rusty red to reddish brown sterile margin, a dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, the presence of cystidioles, hyaline, and thick-walled, ellipsoid, and truncate basidiospores.Niveoporia russeimarginata (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Niveoporia (Lat.) refers to the white pore surface.Etymology: Basidiocarps are perennial, resupinate to pileate, corky to woody hard when dry. Pilei dimidiate to fan shaped. Pileal surface is clay-buff to reddish brown when fresh, grayish brown to umber brown when dry, glabrous, and concentrically sulcate. Pore surface is white when fresh and white to cream upon drying; pores are round. The sterile margin is sometimes distinct, rusty red to reddish brown. Context is buff to fawn. Tubes are cream to pale cinnamon. Hyphal system is dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae dextrinoid, CB+; tissues unchanged in KOH. Cystidia is absent; cystidioles are present. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid or not, and CB+.P. decurrata F. Wu & X.H. Ji, P. russeimarginata B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao and an undescribed species grouped together and formed a well-supported clade  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847381Perenniporia decurrata Corner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 96: 105 (1989)Basionym: Perenniporia chiangraiensis F. Wu & X.H. Ji, Mycosphere 8(8): 1103 (2017).= Perenniporia decurrata, see Corner [For a detailed description of e Corner .Perenniporia decurrata was first described from Malaysia [Perenniporia chiangraiensis was recently described from Northern Thailand based on morphological characters and molecular data by Ji et al. [P. decurrata, which is a priority name for this species. The species is characterized by pileate basidiocarps with concentrically sulcate pileal surfaces, white pore surfaces, the presence of dendrohyphidia and cystidioles, and ellipsoid, truncate, thick-walled, and non-dextrinoid basidiospores.Notes: Malaysia . Perennii et al. . HoweverSpecimens examined: CHINA. Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 12 September 2006, Yuan 2334 (IFP). THAILAND. Chiang Rai, Doi Mae Salong, on angiosperm tree root, 22 July 2016, Dai 16637 (BJFC).Niveoporia russeimarginata (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847382Perenniporia russeimarginata B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, Mycologia 105(4): 947 (2013).Basionym: Perenniporia russeimarginata, see Zhao and Cui [For a detailed description of  and Cui .Niveoporia russeimarginata was first described in Perenniporia from southern China [Perenniporia alboferruginea Decock, described from Cameroon in Africa, is similar to N. russeimarginata in having resupinate basidiocarps with ferruginous red upper margins and a dimitic hyphal system. However, P. alboferruginea differs by having an annual growth habit, larger pores (5–6 per mm), the absence of cystidioles, and non-dextrinoid basidiospores [Notes: rn China . Perenniiospores .Specimens examined: CHINA. Yunnan, Chuxiong, Zixishan Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 1 August 2005, Yuan 1225 , Yuan 1262 .Niveoporia subrusseimarginata B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, sp. nov., Figure 6MycoBank: MB 847383Niveoporia species by its resupinate to pileate basidiocarps with rusty reddish brown sterile margins and pores measuring 5–6 per mm.Differs from other Holotype: CHINA. Yunnan, Binchuan County, Jizushan Park, on angiosperm stump, 14 September 2018, Cui 16991 (BJFC).Subrusseimarginata (Lat.) refers to the species resembling Niveoporia russeimarginata.Etymology: Fruitbody: Basidiocarps are perennial, resupinate, sometimes pileate, corky, without odor or taste when fresh, becoming woody hard upon drying. Pilei are irregular, projecting up to 2 cm, 5 cm wide, and 3 cm thick at the base; with resupinate up to 9 cm long, 5 cm wide, and 1.3 cm thick at center. Pileal surface is orange-brown to reddish brown when fresh, umber brown when dry, glabrous, and concentrically sulcate. The pore surface is white when fresh, cream upon drying; pores are round to angular, 5–6 per mm, dissepiments thick, entire. Sterile margin is distinct to indistinct, cinnamon to rusty reddish brown, and up to 2 mm wide. Subiculum is buff, thin, up to 0.5 mm thick. Tubes are buff, woody hard when dry, and up to 11.5 mm long.Hyphal structure: Hyphal system is dimitic; generative hyphae bearing clamp connections; skeletal hyphae is weakly dextrinoid and CB+; tissues are unchanged in KOH.Subiculum: Generative hyphae are infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, unbranched, and 1–2.2 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are dominant, hyaline, thick-walled, occasionally branched, interwoven, and 1–2.5 μm in diameter.Tubes: Generative hyphae are infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally branched, and 1–2 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are dominant, hyaline, thick-walled, moderately branched, and interwoven, 1–2.3 μm. Cystidia are absent; fusoid cystidioles are present, hyaline, thin-walled, and 12.5–14 × 4.8–6 μm. Basidia are clavate, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 12.5–17.5 × 6.3–9 μm; basidioles are dominant and in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller.Spores: Basidiospores are broadly ellipsoid, truncate or not, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, weakly dextrinoid, CB+, (4–)4.2–4.8 (–5) × (3–)3.2–3.8(–4) μm, L = 4.48 μm, W = 3.51 μm, Q = 1.27–1.3 (n = 90/3).Niveoporia subrusseimarginata is characterized by resupinate to pileate basidiocarps with white to cream pore surface, cinnamon to rust sterile margin, dimitic hyphal system with weakly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, the presence of cystidioles, and broadly ellipsoid, truncate or not basidiospores.Notes: Quercus, 14 September 2018, Cui 16973 (BJFC), on fallen angiosperm branch, 14 September 2018, Cui 16980 (BJFC), on angiosperm stump, 14 September 2018, Cui 16988, 16990 (BJFC).Additional specimens (paratypes) examined: CHINA. Yunnan, Binchuan County, Jizushan Park, on the stump of NiveoporiaKey to species of N. decurrata1. Sterile margin indistinct …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1. Sterile margin distinct, reddish brown…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2N. subrusseimarginata2. Pores 5–6 per mm………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… N. russeimarginata2. Pores 6–8 per mm …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Perenniporia Murrill, Mycologia 34(5): 595 (1942).MycoBank: MB 18204Perenniporia medulla-panis (Jacq.) Donk, Persoonia 5(1): 76 (1967).Type species: Basidiocarps are annual to perennial and resupinate. Pore surface is white to cream when fresh, cream to buff when dry; pores are round and small. Subiculum is thin, cream, and corky. Tubes are concolorous with pore surface and corky. Hyphal system is dimitic to trimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae are non-dextrinoid to dextrinoid or amyloid, cyanophilous; tissues are unchanged in KOH. Cystidia are absent, cystidioles are present. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid, and CB+.Perenniporia s. l. clustered into several clades, Perenniporia medulla-panis is grouped with P. substraminea B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao and P. hainaniana B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao. These three species share similar morphological characteristics and form the core clade of Perenniporia. The above concept of Perenniporia s. s. is determined from P. medulla-panis, P. hainaniana, and P. substraminea.Notes: In our phylogenetic analyses, the species of Perenniporia hainaniana. China. Hainan, Changjiang County, Bawangling Nature Reserve, on angiosperm stump, 8 May 2009, Cui 6364 . Perenniporia medulla-panis. China. Guangxi, Jinxiu County, Dayaoshan Nature Reserve, on living angiosperm tree, 15 July 2017, Cui 14515 (BJFC). Perenniporia substraminea. China. Zhejiang, Taishun County, Wuyanling Nature Reserve, on angiosperm stump, 22 August 2011, Cui 10177 .Specimens examined: Perenniporia s. s.Key to species of P. substraminea1. Pores > 8 per mm…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1. Pores < 7 per mm…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2P. hainaniana2. Dendrohyphidia present at dissepimental edges………………………………………………………………………………………………………P. medulla-panis2. Dendrohyphidia absent at dissepimental edges…………………………………………………………………………………………………… Poriella C.L. Zhao, Agronomy 11: 5 (2021).MycoBank: MB 840061Poriella subacida (Peck) C.L. Zhao, Agronomy 11: 6 (2021).Type species: Basidiocarps are annual to perennial, resupinate to effused-reflexed, and corky when dry. Pore surface is dingy yellowish, cinnamon to ochraceous; pores are round to angular. Context is thin, cream, buff to pale ochraceous. Tubes are concolorous with pore surface, corky. Hyphal system is dimitic to trimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae is unbranched, strongly dextrinoid, and cyanophilous. Basidiospores are ellipsoid to subglobose, non-truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, non-dextrinoid to dextrinoid, and CB+.Poriella was newly set up by Chen et al. [Poriella subacida, originally described as Polyporus subacidus Peck [Perenniporia in current studies [Perenniporia, P. africana Ipulet & Ryvarden, P. ellipsospora Ryvarden & Gilb., and P. valliculorum Spirin et Zmitr. grouped together with Poriella subacida and formed a highly supported clade  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847384Perenniporia africana Ipulet & Ryvarden, Syn. Fung. 20: 94 (2005).Basionym: Perenniporia africana, see Ipulet and Ryvarden [For a detailed description of Ryvarden  and Cui Ryvarden .Poriella africana was originally described from Uganda as Perenniporia africana [Notes: africana . It has Specimens examined: CHINA. Anhui, She County, Qingliangfeng Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 14 December 2009, Cui 8674, 8676 (BJFC).Poriella ellipsospora (Ryvarden & Gilb.) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847385Perenniporia ellipsospora Ryvarden & Gilb., Mycotaxon 19: 140 (1984).Basionym: Perenniporia ellipsospora, see Cui et al. [For a detailed description of i et al. .Poriella ellipsospora and P. subacida both have resupinate basidiocarps, strongly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and ellipsoid and non-truncate basidiospores, but the former has larger pores (3–4 per mm) and dextrinoid basidiospores, and the latter has smaller pores (4–6 per mm) and non-dextrinoid basidiospores [Notes: iospores .Specimens examined: CHINA. Yunnan, Lanping County, Changyanshan Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 18 September 2011, Cui 10276, 10284 (BJFC).Poriella valliculorum (Spirin & Zmitr.) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.Mycobank: MB 847386Perenniporia valliculorum Spirin & Zmitr., Folia Cryptogamica Petropolitana (Sankt-Peterburg) 6: 51 (2005).Basionym: Perenniporia valliculorum, see Spirin et al. [For a detailed description of n et al. .Poriella valliculorum was originally described from Russia as Perenniporia valliculorum by Spirin et al. [Poriella well. In addition, the sequence of P. valliculorum from the type specimen fell into Poriella in our phylogeny  B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Rhizoperenniporia (Lat.) refers to resembling Perenniporia but with rhizomorphs.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual to perennial, resupinate, and corky when dry. Rhizomorphs are present. Pore surface is grayish white to pale buff when dry; pores are round; dissepiments thick, entire. Subiculum is thin, cream. Tubes are concolorous with pore surface and corky. Hyphal system is dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae are dextrinoid and CB+; tissues are unchanged in KOH. Cystidia are absent; cystidioles are present. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid, and CB+.Perenniporia japonica (Yasuda) T. Hatt. & Ryvarden formed a single clade distant from the Perenniporia s. s. clade. In addition, P. japonica has basidiocarps with rhizomorphs, which are different from other species of Perenniporia s. s. Therefore, the new genus Rhizoperenniporia is proposed to include P. japonica.Notes: In our phylogenetic analyses , two speRhizoperenniporia japonica (Yasuda) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847387Trametes japonica Yasuda, Bot. Mag., Tokyo 32: 356 (1918).Basionym: Perenniporia japonica (Yasuda) T. Hatt. & Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 50: 36 (1994).= Perenniporia japonica, see Núñez and Ryvarden [For a detailed description of Ryvarden  and Cui Ryvarden .Perenniporia s. l., P. aurantiaca, P. bambusicola, P. rhizomorpha, P. subrhizomorpha, and P. tibetica also have resupinate basidiocarps with rhizomorphs. However, P. aurantiaca differs from P. japonica by an orange pore surface, arboriform vegetative hyphae, and tissues becoming violet in KOH [Perenniporia bambusicola is distinguished by an orange pore surface turning dark violet to black in KOH, arboriform vegetative hyphae, and growing only on bamboo [Perenniporia rhizomorpha differs by its non-truncate basidiospores [Perenniporia subrhizomorpha differs by the absence of cystidioles and larger basidiospores (5.7–6.5 × 4.3–5.5 μm) [Perenniporia tibetica differs by having larger pores and basidiospores  [Notes: In t in KOH . Perennin bamboo . Perenniiospores . Perenni–5.5 μm) . Perenni–6.8 μm) .Vitex, 25 August 2016, Dai 17035 (BJFC); Huguan County, Baquan Gorge, on fallen trunk of Lonicera, 27 August 2016, Dai 17068, 17080 (BJFC).Specimens examined: CHINA. Shanxi, Yangcheng County, Manghe Nature Reserve, on rotten wood of Tropicoporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847358Differs from other genera by its dimitic to trimitic hyphal system with usually non-dextrinoid and inamyloid skeletal hyphae, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, truncate, dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Tropicoporia aridula (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Tropicoporia (Lat.) refers to the distribution of the genus in tropical areas.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual to perennial, mostly resupinate, and pseudopileate to rarely pileate. Pore surface is cream, buff-yellow to grayish orange; pores are round to angular. Hyphal system is dimitic to trimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae are non-dextrinoid to slightly dextrinoid and CB+. Basidiospores are broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid, and CB+.Perenniporia aridula B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, P. vanhulleae Decock & Ryvarden, P. centrali-africana Decock & Mossebo, and P. brasiliensis C.R.S. de Lira et al. grouped together and formed a clade distinct from the Perenniporia s. s. clade, although the branch support was low  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847388Perenniporia aridula B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, Fungal Diversity 58: 48 (2013)Basionym: Perenniporia aridula, see Zhao et al. [For a detailed description of o et al. .Tropicoporia aridula was first described in Perenniporia by Zhao et al. [Tropicoporia vanhulleae is closely related to T. aridula in morphology and phylogeny, but the former has smaller basidiospores (5.5–6.0 × 4.5–5.5 µm) [Notes: o et al. . It is t–5.5 µm) .Specimens examined: CHINA. Yunnan, Yuanjiang County, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 9 June 2011, Dai 12396 , on fallen bamboo, 9 June 2011, Dai 12398 .Tropicoporia brasiliensis  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847389Perenniporia brasiliensis Lira, A.M.S. Soares, Ryvarden & Gibertoni, Persoonia 38: 355 (2017).Basionym: Perenniporia brasiliensis, see Lira et al in Crous et al. [For a detailed description of s et al. .Tropicoporia brasiliensis was originally described from Brazil as Perenniporia brasiliensis by Lira et al ; it hass et al. .Tropicoporia centrali-africana (Decock & Mossebo) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847390Perenniporia centrali-africana Decock & Mossebo, Systematics and Geography of Plants 71(2): 608 (2002).Basionym: Perenniporia centrali-africana, see Decock and Mossebo [For a detailed description of  Mossebo .Tropicoporia centrali-africana was originally described from Cameroon as Perenniporia centrali-africana [Notes: africana . Lira etafricana ) also reTropicoporia vanhulleae (Decock & Ryvarden) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847391Perenniporia vanhulleae Decock & Ryvarden, Index Fungorum 234: 1 (2015)Basionym: Perenniporia vanhulleae, see Decock and Ryvarden [For a detailed description of Ryvarden .Tropicoporia vanhulleae was originally described from Africa as Perenniporia vanhulleae by Decock and Ryvarden [T. vanhulleae from the type specimens fell into Tropicoporia in our phylogeny. Therefore, Perenniporia vanhulleae is transferred to Tropicoporia.Notes: Ryvarden . The seqTropicoporiaKey to species of T. centrali-africana1. Basidiocarps resupinate to pileate………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1. Basidiocarps resupinate…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2T. brasiliensis2. Basidiospores < 5 µm………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2. Basidiospores > 5 µm……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3T. aridula3. Basidiospores 6–7 μm………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… T. vanhulleae3. Basidiospores 5.5–6.0 µm………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Truncatoporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847359Differs from other genera by its resupinate to pileate basidiocarps, a dimitic to trimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, and thick-walled, ellipsoid, truncate, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Truncatoporia truncatospora (Lloyd) B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Truncatoporia (Lat.) refers to the truncate basidiospores of the genus.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual to perennial, resupinate to pileate, and corky. Pileal surface is brown to ochraceous. Pore surface is buff to pale yellowish buff upon drying; pores are round to angular; dissepiments thin, entire. Context cream buff to pale brown. Tubes are concolorous with pore surface. Hyphal system is dimitic to trimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae are dextrinoid and CB+; tissues are unchanged in KOH. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid or not, and CB+.Perenniporia, P. pyricola Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui and P. truncatospora (Lloyd) Ryvarden, grouped together and formed a well-supported clade  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847392Perenniporia pyricola Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui, Mycosystema 29(6): 815 (2010).Basionym: Perenniporia pyricola, see Dai [For a detailed description of  see Dai .Truncatoporia pyricola was first described in Perenniporia from Northeast China [Pyrus and Prunus. The species has perennial and resupinate basidiocarps with cream to pale cinnamon, a dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, thick-walled and truncate, dextrinoid, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Notes: st China . It has Pyrus, 2 August 2008, Dai 10265 ; Tianjin, Ji County, Panshan Mountain, Living tree of Crataegus, 6 August 2015, Dai 15496 (BJFC), Dai 15498 (BJFC).Specimens examined: CHINA. Liaoning, Anshan, Qianshan Park, on living tree of Truncatoporia truncatospora (Lloyd) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847393Trametes truncatospora Lloyd, Mycol. Writ. 6: 853 (1919).Basionym: Perenniporia truncatospora (Lloyd) Ryvarden, Acta Mycol. Sin. 5: 228 (1986).= Perenniporia truncatospora, see Cui et al. [For a detailed description of i et al. .Truncatoporia truncatospora and T. pyricola both have dextrinoid skeletal hyphae and truncate basidiospores, but the former has pileate basidiocarps, smaller pores (6–8 per mm), and non-dextrinoid basidiospores, and the latter has resupinate basidiocarps, larger pores (3–5 per mm) [Notes:  per mm) , and dexQuercus, 14 September 2019, Cui 17770 (BJFC).Specimen examined: CHINA. Sichuan, Ganluo County, Shengli, Gaoqiao Village, on living tree of TruncatoporiaKey to species of T. pyricola1. Basidiocarps resupinate, 3–5 per mm………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………T. truncatospora1. Basidiocarps pileate, 6–8 per mm…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Vanderbyliella B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847360Differs from other genera by its pileate basidiocarps with an orange brown pileal surface, a dimitic hyphal system with strongly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and hyaline, thick-walled, ellipsoid, non-truncate, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Vanderbyliella tianmuensis (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Vanderbylia.Etymology: Vanderbyliella (Lat.) refers to the morphological similarity to Basidiocarps are annual to perennial, pileate, and hard corky to woody hard when dry. Pileal surface is clay-buff, orange-brown to yellowish brown, glabrous, and concentrically sulcate. Pore surface is buff to pale brown when dry; pores are round to angular; dissepiments thin, entire. Context cream to pale brown, corky to hard corky. Tubes are buff to pale brown, hard corky to woody hard. Hyphal system is dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae are strongly dextrinoid and CB+; tissues are unchanged in KOH. Cystidia are absent; cystidioles are present. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, non-truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid or not, and CB+.Perenniporia tianmuensis B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao and an unknown species, grouped together and formed a strongly supported clade  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847394Perenniporia tianmuensis B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, Mycoscience 54: 236 (2013).Basionym: Perenniporia tianmuensis, see Zhao and Cui [For a detailed description of  and Cui .Vanderbyliella tianmuensis was first described in Perenniporia from China by Zhao and Cui [Notes:  and Cui ; it is cSpecimens examined: CHINA. Zhejiang, Lin’an County, Tianmushan Nature Reserve, on the basis of dead angiosperm trees, 10 October 2005, Cui 2648 .Xanthoperenniporia B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, gen. nov.MycoBank: MB 847361Differs from other genera by its resupinate basidiocarps with yellow pore surface, weakly dextrinoid, and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, hyaline, thick-walled, ellipsoid, truncate, and cyanophilous basidiospores.Xanthoperenniporia tenuis (Schwein.) B.K. Cui & Xing JiType species: Xanthoperenniporia (Lat.) refers to resembling Tropicoporia but with a yellow pore surface.Etymology: Basidiocarps are annual to perennial, resupinate to reflexed-effused, and corky when dry. Pore surface is cream to yellow when fresh, buff to yellow; pores are round to angular. Subiculum is thin, cream, buff to pale yellowish brown. Tubes are concolorous with pore surface. Hyphal system is dimitic to trimitic, generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae are dextrinoid or weakly dextrinoid and CB+; tissues are unchanged in KOH. Cystidia are absent, cystidioles are usually present. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid or not, and CB+.Perenniporia maackiae (Bondartsev & Ljub.) Parmasto, P. punctata Hai J. Li & Jing Si, P. subcorticola Chao G. Wang & F. Wu and P. tenuis (Schwein.) Ryvarden clustered together and formed a single clade with good support  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847395Fomitopsis maackiae Bondartsev & Ljub., Botanicheskie Materialy 15: 103 (1962).Basionym: Perenniporia maackiae (Bondartsev & Ljub.) Parmasto, Ann. Bot. fenn. 32(4): 223 (1995).= Perenniporia maackiae, see Cui et al. [For a detailed description of i et al. .Xanthoperenniporia maackiae grows mainly on Maackia. Xanthoperenniporia subcorticola is similar to X. maackiae by sharing resupinate basidiocarps with yellow pore surfaces, similar sized pores, and the presence of cystidioles, but X. subcorticola has smaller basidiospores (4.2–5 × 3.5–4.2 µm) [X. maackiae has larger basidiospores (5.4–6.3 × 3.8–5.0 µm).Notes: –4.2 µm) , and X. Maackia, 26 August 2014, Cui 11531 (BJFC). Jilin, Antu County, Changbaishan Nature Reserve, on dead tree of Maackia, 11 September 2014, Dai 14780 (BJFC).Specimens examined: CHINA. Heilongjiang, Yichun, Dailing, Liangshui Nature Reserve, on fallen branch of Xanthoperenniporia punctata (Hai J. Li & Jing Si) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847396Perenniporia punctata Hai J. Li & Jing Si, Phytotaxa 360(1): 56 (2018).Basionym: Perenniporia punctata, see Li et al. [For a detailed description of i et al. .Xanthoperenniporia punctata was recently described in Perenniporia from China by Li et al. [Notes: i et al.  and is cQuercus, 14 August 2017, Dai 17916 .Specimens examined: CHINA. Hubei, Yichang, Wufeng County, Chaibuxi National Forestry Park, on angiosperm stump, 15 August 2017, Dai 17923 , on rotten wood of Xanthoperenniporia subcorticola (Chao G. Wang & F. Wu) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847397Perenniporia subcorticola Chao G. Wang & F. Wu, MycoKeys 69: 62 (2020).Basionym: Perenniporia subcorticola, see Wang et al. [For a detailed description of g et al. .Xanthoperenniporia subcorticola was recently described in Perenniporia as P. subcorticola Chao G. Wang & F. Wu by Wang et al. [Perenniporia corticola by having a yellow pore surface, dimitic hyphal system, and truncate and dextrinoid basidiospores of almost the same size, but P. corticola differs from P. subcorticola by having arboriform skeletal hyphae and dendrohyphidia [Notes: g et al. . It is shyphidia .Pinus, 21 October 2005, Dai 7330 .Specimens examined: CHINA. Fujian, Wuyishan County, Wuyishan Nature Reserve, on rotten wood of Xanthoperenniporia tenuis (Schwein.) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847398Polyporus tenuis Schwein., Trans. Am. phil. Soc., New Series 4: 159 (1832).Basionym: Perenniporia tenuis (Schwein.) Ryvarden, Norw. J Bot. 20: 9 (1973).= Perenniporia tenuis, see Cui et al. [For a detailed description of i et al. .Xanthoperenniporia punctata is similar to X. tenuis in having resupinate basidiocarps, pale yellow to buff-yellow pore surface, and similar sized basidiospores, but the former differs in its smaller pores (6–9 per mm), and the absence of cystidioles and non-dextrinoid basidiospores [Notes: iospores , the latVitex, 25 August 2016, Dai 17026 (BJFC).Specimens examined: CHINA. Hubei, Yichang, Wufeng County, Chaibuxi National Forestry Park, on rotten angiosperm stump, 15 August 2017, Dai 17935 (BJFC). Shanxi, Yangcheng County, Manghe Nature Reserve, on fallen trunk of XanthoperenniporiaKey to species of X. punctata1. Basidiospores non-dextrinoid .……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1. Basidiospores dextrinoid …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2Maackia……………………………………………………………………………………… X. maackiae2. Basidiocarps resupinate to reflexed-effused, growing on 2. Basidiocarps resupinate, growing on other trees………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3X. tenuis3. Basidiocarps annual, pores 4–6 per mm ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… X. subcorticola3. Basidiocarps perennial, pores 7–8 per mm………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Yuchengia B.K. Cui & K.T. Steffen, Nordic J. Bot. 31(3): 333 (2013).MycoBank: MB 563490Yuchengia narymica (Pilát) B.K. Cui, C.L. Zhao & K.T. Steffen, Nordic J. Bot. 31(3): 333 (2013).Type species: Basidiocarps are annual to perennial, resupinate, corky when fresh, and hard corky when dry. Pore surface is cream, yellowish buff to tan; pores are round to angular, dissepiments thin, entire. Subiculum is cream to pale ochraceous. Tubes are concolorous with pore surface. Hyphal system is dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae amyloid or not, acyanophilous or weakly cyanophilous, dissolving in KOH. Cystidia are absent; cystidioles are present. Basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate or not, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, IKI−, and CB+.Yuchengia narymica was first described as Trametes narymica Pilát [Perenniporia by Pouzar [Yuchengia to accommodate Perenniporia narymica based on molecular data and morphological characteristics.Notes: The type species ca Pilát  and latey Pouzar . Zhao ety Pouzar  proposedYuchengia kilemariensis (Spirin & Shirokov) B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847399Perenniporia kilemariensis Spirin & Shirokov, Folia Cryptogamica Petropolitana (Sankt-Peterburg) 6: 38 (2005).Basionym: Perenniporia kilemariensis, see Spirin et al. [For a detailed description of n et al. .Yuchengia kilemariensis was originally described from Russia as Perenniporia kilemariensis by Spirin et al. [Yuchengia. However, it has resupinate basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system with skeletal hyphae dissolving in KOH, and ellipsoid and non-dextrinoid basidiospores. These characters fit Yuchengia well. Moreover, in ITS + nLSU and five-gene phylogenetic analysis, the sequence of Y. kilemariensis from the type specimen fell into Yuchengia  B.K. Cui & Xing Ji, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB 847400Wrightoporia subadusta Z.S. Bi & G.Y. Zheng, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(4): 76 (1987).Basionym: Perenniporia subadusta (Z.S. Bi & G.Y. Zheng) Y.C. Dai, Ann. Bot. fenn. 39(3): 180 (2002).= Murinicarpus subadustus (Z.S. Bi & G.Y. Zheng) B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai, Fungal Di-versity 97: 255 (2019).= Perenniporia cystidiata Y.C. Dai, W.N. Chou & Sheng H. Wu, Mycotaxon 83: 209 (2002).= Wrightoporia subadusta and Perennipori cystidiata, Cui et al. [Perenniporia and proposed Murinicarpus. Murinicarpus has the same characters with Microporellus Murrill, stipitate basidiocarps, dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, non-truncate and non-dextrinoid basidiospores [Microporellus in the current study.Notes: After studying type materials of i et al.  found thiospores , and it Perenniporia and related generaKey to species of Microporellus1. Basidiocarps stipitate………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1. Basidiocarps resupinate, effused-reflexed to pileate…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2Abundisporus2. Basidiospores pale yellowish  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Basidiospores hyaline…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33. Skeletal hyphae amyloid…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………43. Skeletal hyphae inamyloid………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6Minoporus4. Basidiocarps pileate……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4. Basidiocarps resupinate to effused-reflexed ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5Amylosporia5. Basidiospores amyloid………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Yuchengia5. Basidiospores inamyloid………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6. Basidiocarps with rhizomorphs .……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 76. Basidiocarps without rhizomorphs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8Aurantioporia7. Pore surface orange to orange-brown  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Rhizoperenniporia7. Pore surface grayish white to pale buff…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Cystidia present………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 98. Cystidia absent………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10Hornodermoporus9. Basidiocarps pileate……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Cystidioporia9. Basidiocarps resupinate……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………10. Basidiospores non-truncate………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1110. Basidiospores truncate……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1511. Basidiocarps pileate ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1211. Basidiocarps resupinate .…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13Vanderbylia12. Basidiospores obovoid …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Vanderbyliella12. Basidiospores ellipsoid ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Neoporia13. Basidiocarps annual……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………13. Basidiocarps annual to perennial……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14Luteoperenniporia14. Hyphal system dimitic………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Poriella14. Hyphal system dimitic to trimitic …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Perenniporiopsis15. Basidiocarps osseous ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15. Basidiocarps corky to woody hard…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………16Niveoporia16. Pore surface white when fresh, usually with reddish brown sterile margin…………………………………………………………………………16. Pore surface cream, buff, yellowish to cinnamon, without reddish brown sterile margin………………………………………………………………… 1717. Basidiocarps resupinate to pileate………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1817. Basidiocarps resupinate  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19Truncospora18. Basidiospores > 9 µm in length ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Truncatoporia18. Basidiospores < 9 µm in length…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19. Tissues brown to black in KOH …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2019. Tissues unchanged in KOH …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21Dendroporia20. Dendrohyphidia present at dissepiment edges, basidiospores non-dextrinoid……………………………………………………………………Citrinoporia20. Dendrohyphidia usually absent at dissepiment edges, basidiospores dextrinoid…………………………………………………………………Xanthoperenniporia21. Pore surface yellow ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21. Pore surface usually cream to cinnamon………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22Macrosporia22. Basidiospores ≥ 9 µm in length ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22. Basidiospores ≤ 9 µm in length …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23Tropicoporia23. Skeletal hyphae usually non-dextrinoid ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23. Skeletal hyphae usually dextrinoid ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24Perenniporia24. Basidiospores < 6 µm in length ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Macroporia24. Basidiospores > 6 µm in length .………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Perenniporia in the core polyporoid clade, with species of Perenniporia forming more than one lineage. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed that Perenniporia s. l. is polyphyletic and is nested in the core polyporoid clade.The phylogenetic analyses carried out by Binder et al.  placed PAbundisporus Ryvarden is closely related to some Perenniporia species. Ryvarden [Abundisporus to accommodate the species with pale yellowish and non-dextrinoid basidiospores, previously accepted in Loweporus J.E. Wright. Our phylogenetic analyses showed that Abundisporus is closely related to Cystidioporia, Macrosporia, and Niveoporia, but distant from the Perenniporia s. s. as previous studies [Abundisporus is distinguished from these genera by its more or less pinkish basidiocarps, non-truncate, and pale yellowish basidiospores [Ryvarden  establis studies ,19,31. Miospores .Truncospora, typified by T. ochroleuca (Berk.) Pilát, was established by Pilát [Perenniporia s. l. This genus has often been treated as a synonym of Perenniporia since its establishment [Perenniporia detrita (Berk.) Ryvarden, P. ochroleuca (Berk.) Pilát and P. ohiensis (Berk.) Ryvarden formed a morphologically homogeneous group that could be recognized at the genus level. Later phylogeny showed that these three species formed a monophyletic clade that was distinct from Perenniporia s. s. [Truncospora mainly differs from Perenniporia s. s. by having button-shaped to ungulate basidiocarps, variably dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and longly ovoid basidiospores [by Pilát . The genby Pilát ,69. Theslishment ,33,34,70lishment  consideria s. s. ,19,31. Miospores .Vanderbylia was established by Reid [Perenniporia [Vanderbylia is an independent genus that is distant from Perenniporia s. s. [Vanderbylia is closely related to Vanderbyliella, but the latter has ellipsoid and dextrinoid or non-dextrinoid basidiospores. Vanderbylia differs from Perenniporia s. s. by its pileate basidiocarps, dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and non-truncate and subglobose to amygdaliform basidiospores. by Reid ; species by Reid ,17. It wnniporia ,72. Receia s. s. ,17,18,19Hornodermoporus was established by Teixeira [H. martius (Berk.) Teixeira. The genus is characterized by its pileate basidiocarps with a black crust at the pileal surface, a dimitic hyphal system with strongly dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, the presence of cystidia, truncate, oblong-ellipsoid, and strongly dextrinoid basidiospores. Hornodermoporus was treated as a synonym of Perenniporia [Perenniporia s. s. in having pileate basidiocarps with a black crusted pileal surface, dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, the presence of cystidia, and oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores. In our phylogeny, the separation of Hornodermoporus from Perenniporia is supported, as previously reported [Teixeira  and typinniporia ,58, but reported ,20,36,74Amylosporia, Murinicarpus, Perenniporiopsis, Poriella, and Yuchengia have recently been segregated from Perenniporia s. l. These genera were phylogenetically distant from Perenniporia s. s. in our study. Amylosporia differs from Perenniporia s. s. by its amyloid skeletal hyphae and basidiospores [Amylosporia hattorii and Perenniporia amylodextrinoidea Gilb. & Ryvarden both have amyloid skeletal hyphae, but the former has amyloid and larger basidiospores (10–12 × 5.5–7.5 μm) [Murinicarpus, newly proposed by Cui et al. [Wrightoporia subadusta = Perenniporia cystidiata, has same characters with Microporellus and is a synonym of Microporellus. It is different from Perenniporia s. s. by its stipitate basidiocarps, dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, presence of thick-walled cystidia, non-truncate and non-dextrinoid basidiospores [Perenniporiopsis is distinguished from Perenniporia s. s. by its basidiocarps waxy when fresh and rigidly osseous when dry, dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and large basidiospores [Poriella as having non-dextrinoid basidiospores. Perenniporia africana and P. ellipsospora are congeneric, although they have dextrinoid basidiospores; they are transferred to Poriella. Poriella is distinguished from Perenniporia s. s. by its unbranched, dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and non-truncate basidiospores. Perenniporia kilemariensis, which has inamyloid skeletal hyphae and truncate basidiospores is transferred to Yuchengia, so the definition of Yuchengia is revised also in this study. Yuchengia differs from Perenniporia s. s. by its non-dextrinoid basidiospores, unbranched “amyloid” skeletal hyphae.iospores . Amylosp–7.5 μm) , and the–7.5 μm) . Murinici et al.  based oniospores . Perenniiospores . Chen etiospores  describeAurantioporia, Citrinoporia, Cystidioporia, Dendroporia, Luteoperenniporia, Macroporia, Macrosporia, Minoporus, Neoporia, Niveoporia, Rhizoperenniporia, Tropicoporia, Truncatoporia, Vanderbyliella, and Xanthoperenniporia from Perenniporia s. l. was well supported by phylogenetic analyses of ITS + nLSU and ITS + nLSU + mtSSU + TEF1 + TBB1. In the ITS + nLSU gene phylogenetic tree, Yuchengia is closely related to Poriella; in the combined five-gene phylogenetic analysis, Yuchengia was related to Minoporus, Neoporia, Poriella, and Vanderbyliella. However, Yuchengia has resupinate basidiocarps, amyloid or not, acyanophilous or weakly cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, and non-dextrinoid basidiospores; Minoporus produces pileate basidiocarps, cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, and truncate and dextrinoid basidiospores; Neoporia has dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae and dextrinoid basidiospores; Poriella has dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae [Vanderbyliella has pileate basidiocarps and dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae.The segregation of l hyphae ; VanderbPerenniporia s. l. have a new generic placement. For four species in the phylogenetic tree, including Perenniporia tephropora (Mont.) Ryvarden, P. subtephropora B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, P. eugeissonae P. Du & Chao G. Wang and P. straminea (Bres.) Ryvarden, due to unclear phylogenetic relationships and insufficient morphological difference from Perenniporia s. s. species, their taxonomic positions were remained in Perenniporia s. l.According to phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters, some species of Perenniporia s. l., 44 species of Perenniporia s. l. with available sequences. According to phylogenetic evidence and morphological characteristics, 15 new genera were set up, 2 new species were described, and 37 new combinations were proposed. Species lacking reliable molecular sequences were not included in this study.In summary, we carried out a comprehensive study on


In this paper, a class of fractional deterministic and stochastic susceptible-infected-removed- susceptible (SIRS) epidemic models with vaccination is proposed. For the fractional deterministic SIRS epidemic model, the existence of solution and the stability of equilibrium points are analyzed by using dynamic method. Then, the appropriate controls are established to effectively control the disease and eliminate it. On this basis, the fractional stochastic SIRS epidemic model with vaccination is further considered, and a numerical approximation method is proposed. The correctness of the conclusion is verified by numerical simulation. S), infected (I), and recovered (R). The SIR infectious disease model was established by using kinetic method. The spreading law and prevalence trend were also studied. In the past 20 years, the research on the dynamics of infectious diseases has developed rapidly in the world, and a large number of mathematical models have been used to analyze various infectious diseases. Most of these mathematical models are applicable to the study of general laws of various infectious diseases  and CDtαf(t) ∈ C, 0 < α ≤ 1. If CDtαf(t) ≥ 0, ∀t ∈ , then for ∀t ∈ , f(t) is a nondecreasing function; if CDtαf(t) ≤ 0, ∀t ∈ , then for ∀t ∈ , f(t) is a nonincreasing function.Suppose x(t) ∈ ℝ be a continuous and derivable function. Then, for any t ≥ 0, one hasLet x(t) ∈ ℝ+ be a continuous and derivable function. Then, for any t ≥ 0, one hasLet f ∈ C, F ∈ C, there exist χ, χ0 and T such that for ∀t ≥ T, the following inequalitySuppose X(t) = T ∈ ℝ+3, t ≥ 0 under the initial conditions -(3) of f satisfies the condition (4) of x1(t) = S(t), x2(t) = I(t), x3(t) = R(t), x1(0) = S(0) = S0, x2(0) = I(0) = I0, x3(0) = R(0) = R0,Obviously, the vector function he model  can be rf) = A0 + A1X(t) + x1(t)A2X(t) + x2(t)A3X(t). Then,Set . Then,1ft,Xt=A0+N(t) = S(t) + I(t) + R(t), we haveSecondly, it is proved that all the solutions of fractional model  are unifCDtαNR(t) + μNR(t) = Λ − εI ≤ Λ. According to Lemma 9 in . Because I(0) ≥ 0 and Eα,1 > 0, so I(t) ≥ 0. From the third equation of model  ≥ R(0)Eα,1[−a4tα]. Because R(0) ≥ 0 and Eα,1 > 0, so R(t) ≥ 0. Hence, all the solutions of fractional model  > 0. To calculate the basic reproduction number of model  and rewrite in the matrix formIn order to study the equilibrium points of model , let CDten model  has a diof model , we reorof model  by settiE0 = . Then, the basic reproduction number R0 is the spectral radius of ℱ𝒱−1, which takes the form R0 = a1S0/a3.The Jacobian of Equation  around ER0 < 1, then the disease-free equilibrium point E0 of model , and λ3 = a3(R0 − 1). Obviously, λ1 < 0, λ2 < 0, and the sign of λ3 depends on R0. If and only if the R0 < 1, all of eigenvalues of J|E0 are negative. Hence, model  ∈ 𝒟|CDtαV = 0}. When t⟶+∞, M⟶{E0}. So, E0 is the unique greatest positive invariant of M. According to generalized Lyapunov-Lasalle's invariance principle υ, where t0 is the initial time, λ ≥ 0, υ > 0, m(0) = 0, m(X) ≥ 0, and m(X) is locally Lipschitz on X ∈ ℝ3 with the Lipschitz constant m0.The trivial solution of the following initial value problemX = . If there exists a continuously differentiable function V: . Combining the above formula with ) = V)/k1, λ = k3/k2, and υ = 1/k0, by E0 of model , whereThe endemic equilibrium is equilibrium of model  in whichR0 > 1, then there exists the endemic equilibrium point E∗; otherwise, it does not exist.If a2a4 − ep = μ(μ + p + e) > 0 and ce + a4(θ − a3) = −(μ + e)(μ + ε) − μc < 0.After simple calculation, R0 > 1, then 1 − R0 < 0. Thus, I∗ > 0, thereby R∗ > 0. Consequently, the endemic equilibrium point exists, if R0 > 1.If E∗ isThe Jacobian matrix of model  around EJ|E∗ can be obtained as follows:A1 = a1I∗ + a2 + a4 > 0, A2 = a1I∗(2μ + ε + c + e) + μ(μ + p + e) > 0, Through simple calculation, the characteristic equation of J|E∗ satisfy |argλ| > απ/2, then the endemic equilibrium point E∗ of model  = 18A1A2A3 + (A1A2)2 − 4A3A13 − 4A23 − 27A32. According to  × [(S − S∗) + (I − I∗)] + τ1a1(I − I∗)(S − S∗) + τ2(R − R∗)[c(I − I∗) + p(S − S∗) − a4(R−R∗)] = −a2(S − S∗)2 − (a3 − θ)(I − I∗)2 − τ2a4(R − R∗)2 + (S − S∗)(I − I∗)(θ − a3 − a2 + τ1a1) + (e + τ2p)(S − S∗)(R − R∗) + (e + τ2c)(I − I∗)(R − R∗). Because τ1 = (a2 + a3 − θ)/a1, so θ − a3 − a2 + τ1a1 = 0. Thus,a3 − θ = μ + ε + c > 0. Let τ2 > 0, such that τ2a4 − ((e + τ2p)2/3a2) − ((e + τ2c)2/3(a3 − θ)) ≥ 0. Thus, CDtαV ≤ 0. CDtαV = 0 if and only if S = S∗, I = I∗, and R = R∗. Set M = { ∈ 𝒟|CDtαV = 0}. When t⟶+∞, M⟶{E∗}. So, E∗ is the unique greatest positive invariant of M. Hence, the disease-free equilibrium point E∗ of model  = 1, I(0) = 0.4, and R(0) = 0. In this case, after the calculation, we have E0 =  and R0 = 0.68 < 1. Then, according to E0 is locally asymptotically stable.In model , let Λ =a1 = 0.8 are the same as those in E∗ = , R0 = 1.36 > 1, A1 = 0.70912, A2 ≈ 0.1662, A3 = 0.0144, A1A2 ≈ 0.1178557 > A3, and D(P) ≈ 0.000839 > 0. By E∗ is locally asymptotically stable.The values of the parameters except To support our results, we present computer simulations shown in Figures 1E0 = . Figures 44E∗ = .Figures 11R0 < 1, is globally asymptotically stable. That is, infectious diseases will be eliminated from the area. When R0 > 1, E0 is unstable, and E∗ is globally asymptotically stable and becomes endemic. In order to avoid the formation of E∗, we take measures to effectively control the disease, so that when R0 > 1, E0 can also be globally asymptotically stable, to eliminate the disease. To this end, we apply controller U so that model  represent isolation rate and cure rate, respectively, and consider the controller of the following form:In medicine, two methods are commonly used to exert control over an infected person: one is effective medication, and the other is to isolate those who have the disease from those who are susceptible. Let U = −k1a1SI − k2I and 0 < k1 < 1, k2 > 0, then when R0 > 1, E0 is globally asymptotically stable in 𝒟.If V = I, thenConsider the Lyapunov function CDtαV = 0 if and only if I = 0. And E0 is the largest invariant set on I = 0, so E0 is globally asymptotically stable.Λ = 0.2, a1 = 0.8, a2 = 0.26, a3 = 0.5, a4 = 0.34, θ = 0.05, e = 0.14, c = 0.15, p = 0.06, ε = 0.1, μ = 0.2, S(0) = 1, I(0) = 0.4, and R(0) = 0. In this case, after the calculation, we have E0 =  and R0 = 1.36 > 1. Let k1 and k2 take different values that satisfy the conditions in 7k1 and k2 are, the faster the rate of disease I tends to 0; thus, the disease is eliminated. That is, the controller selected in this part is effective.To support our results, we present numerical simulations shown in Figures 7σi(0) = 0, i = 1, 2, 3.σi > 0 represents the intensity of white noise, which is an independent standard Brownian motion. The disease-free equilibrium obtained when I(t) ≡ 0 is the same point as deterministic model  = (1/2)S2(t) + (1/2)I2(t) + (1/2)R2(t). By We extend SIRS model  to stochic model . The staCDtαS=Λ−aCDtαS=Λ−ab + ((θ + e + p)/2) − a1I − a2 + σ1(dσ1/dt) < 0, a1S − a3 + ((b + θ + c)/2) + σ2(dσ2/dt) < 0, −a4 + ((b + e + p + c)/2) + σ3(dσ3/dt) < 0. Then, CDtαV ≤ 0. Hence, the stochastic SIRS model T, G(X) = , dσ/dt = T and the mapping F(X) = (F1(X), F2(X), F3(X))T with F1(X) = Λ − a1SI + θI + eR − a2S, F2(X) = a1SI − a3I, F3(X) = cI + pS − a4R. By Fractional stochastic SIRS model  can be wGLDtα) is defined as follows:t = nh. For details, see [tn = nh, wjα satisfies recursive relation as follows:From the perspective of the numerical implementation, the fractional derivative definition of the Grunwald-Letnikov is the most direct. So, it is more appropriate to solve the fractional stochastic epidemic model. The Grunwald-Letnikov fractional derivative  is a continuous integrable function, then the relation between Grunwald-Letnikov and Caputo fractional derivative is as follows:If σi are real constants, ξi(n) represent the three-dimensional Gaussian white noise processes, i = 1, 2, 3, andδij represents Kronecker delta and δ(t1 − tj) represents the Dirac function.For details, see –35. ModeΛ = 0.2, a1 = 0.4, a2 = 0.26, a3 = 0.5, a4 = 0.34, θ = 0.05, e = 0.14, c = 0.15, p = 0.06, S(0) = 1, I(0) = 0.4, and R(0) = 0. In this case, after the calculation, we have E0 =  and R0 = 0.68 < 1. Numerical simulations are performed for the different fractional order values. Figures 13σ1 = 0.4, σ2 = 0.75, σ3 = 0.35. Figures 16S(t) for different fractional derivative values 1, 0.8, and 0.6. Figures 19I(t) for different fractional derivative values 1, 0.8, and 0.6. Figures 22R(t) for different fractional derivative values 1, 0.8, and 0.6. Observing the images, we found that different random perturbations and different fractional derivative values affect the speed of the system to the equilibrium point.In this part, we present numerical simulations of stochastic fractional SIRS epidemic model . Let Λ =R0 > 1, so that the disease can be eliminated. On the other hand, by introducing noise into the disease transmission term, a fractional stochastic SIRS epidemic model with vaccination is further considered. The stability result of the stochastic fractional SIRS model at the equilibrium point is given. A numerical approximation method for fractional stochastic SIRS epidemic model is proposed. The correctness of the conclusion is verified by numerical simulation in each section. Our study shows that the fractional stochastic epidemic models based on virus dynamics are more realistic. This theory can provide a solid foundation for the study of similar diseases and has a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. For example, a stochastic delayed infectious disease model can be considered to study the effect of incubation periods on disease dynamics. In addition, our proposed theory can also be used to study other infectious diseases, such as HIV, COVID-19, and tuberculosis. We leave these problems to future work.This paper investigates a class of deterministic and stochastic fractional SIRS epidemic models with vaccination. The models studied in this paper are more general. Specifically, this paper extends the deterministic model of  to the S


In the above abstract, the author “Michèle Prévost” was originally credited as “Michele Provost”; this error has since been corrected.