Prosodic Parallelism hypothesis claims adjacent prosodic categories to prefer identical branching of internal adjacent constituents. According to Wiese and Speyer (The d Speyer , this pr Language is manifested in a spoken and in a written modality . Final <e> in the German orthography is usually pronounced [ә], the central short vowel called nouns: Tür(e) ‘door’, Aug(e) ‘eye’, Ruh(e) ‘quietness’inflected nouns, gen. sg.: Sturm(e)s, ‘storm’, Jahr(e)s ‘year’adjectives/adverbs: bös(e) ‘bad’, bang(e) ‘afraid’, nah(e) ‘near’, gern(e) ‘gladly’, heut(e) ‘today’verbs: (1st ps. sg.): hab(e) ‘have, present tense’, seh(e) ‘see, present tense’prepositions: ohn(e) ‘without’(1) Schwa-/zero alternationsgern and gerne ‘gladly’ occur with high frequency across Standard German variants, although the latter form was found to be twice as frequent in written German by Wiese and Speyer  Determiner noun combinationsTür happens to be much more frequent than Türe), the frequencies of the preferred combinations should be higher than expected from the combination of the frequencies of the two parts. Formulating the hypothesis in this way, it is testable, because present-day corpora of German contain the required combinations of words in sufficiently large numbers. Note that the combination of the noun with the two determiners provides the kind of minimal pair needed for the test of the hypothesis: there are two surface phrases with very similar meaning. All cases discussed below share this property.More precisely, given the independently existing frequencies of the determiner forms and the alternating noun forms  as presented in (2) as well as for a large range of other words and phrases summarized in (3).Wiese and Speyer  drew upo(3) Statistical tests for Prosodic Parallelism; results from Wiese and Speyer des/eines Jahr(e)s, dem/einem Tag(e), and sehr/richtig gern(e), the significant effects actually pointed into the direction opposite to what was predicted. One reason for these counter-examples might be that the prosodic phrasing is actually not the one assumed in the paper: dative noun phrases as in (3) predominantly appear within prepositional phrases, for which the prosodic phrasing may be as in [[an dem] [Tag(e)]] ‘at the day’. For more discussion of these real or apparent counter-examples see Wiese and Speyer gern(e), the test does not apply to a phrase consisting of two words, but to a complex word consisting of two morphemes. However, there is evidence that such prefix-stem combinations consist of two phonological words; see, e.g., Wiese ((un)gern(e), with main stress on the prefix, probably does not differ in prosody from the small phrases provided by the other examples in terms of prosodic structure.For further tests of the Prosodic Parallelism hypothesis in the spoken mode, initially all phrases from the study by Wiese and Speyer  were sel., Wiese . In othedie, der/eine, einer + Tür(e) ‘the, a + door, nom./acc. vs. gen./dat.’des/eines + Tag(e)s ‘the/a + day, gen. sg.’des/eines + Jahr(e)s ‘the/a + year, gen. sg.’(un) + gern(e) ‘(not) + gladly’bin, war, ist, sind, seid / waren, seien, werden, wurde, wurden + nah(e) ‘am, was, is, are, are /were, would be, will (sg./pl), were + near’heut(e) + früh/morgen ‘today + early/morning’nah(e) + bin, war, ist, sind, seid / waren, seien, werden, wurde, wurden ‘near + verb’dem/einem + Tag(e) ‘the/a + day, dat. ag.’sehr/richtig + gern(e) ‘very/really + gladly’des/eines ‘the/a’, gen. s.g' + 162 strong monosyllabic nouns: a. masculine: Bach, Berg, Brand, Bund, Darm, Dienst, Feind, Fisch, Flug, Freund, Frost, Gang, Geist, Grund, Hang, Hof, Hund, Kampf, Kauf, Kern, Klang, Koch, Kopf, Krieg, Krug, Lärm, Leib, Lohn, Mond, Mord, Müll, Mut, Ort, Pfahl, Plan, Rang, Rat, Raub, Raum, Ring, Ruf, Rumpf, Saal, Sand, Sarg, Schein, Schirm, Schlag, Schlauch, Sieg, Sinn, Sohn, Spott, Spruch, Staat, Stab, Stahl, Stamm, Stand, Staub, Stein, Stern, Stier, Stock, Stoff, Streit, Strom, Stuhl, Sturm, Tag, Teich, Teil, Text, Tisch, Tod, Traum, Trost, Turm, Wald, Weg, Wein, Wert, Wind, Wirt, Wunsch, Zahn, Zaun, Zoll, Zorn, Zug, Zweckb. neuter: Amt, Bad, Bein, Bett, Bier, Bild, Blatt, Blech, Blut, Boot, Brett, Brot, Ding, Dorf, Fach, Feld, Fell, Fett, Fleisch, Geld, Gold, Grab, Haar, Haupt, Heer, Heft, Heil, Heim, Hirn, Hoch, Horn, Huhn, Jahr, Kalb, Kind, Kleid, Korn, Land, Laub, Leid, Licht, Lied, Lob, Loch, Mahl, Meer, Moor, Obst, Ohr, Paar, Pferd, Rad, Rind, Rohr, Schaf, Schiff, Schnitt, Schwein, Seil, Spiel, Stück, Tal, Tier, Tuch, Volk, Weib, Werk, Wohl, Wort, Zelt, Ziel(4) Phrases selected for searchDatabase for Spoken German  has been compiled as a collection of spoken audio files and transcripts. While the DeReKo corpus of written German contained about 25 bn. word forms in 2014, the DGD2 corpus of spoken German contained, at the time of search, about 8.6 million word forms  which were available for search in 4153 different transcripts . Thus, the size of the DeReKo corpus of written German is larger by a factor of about 3000. The search was performed over the complete set of corpora of spoken German contained in the DGD data base. It contains corpora from different speaker groups, regional origins  and registers. It is well-known that different dialects of German show different behavior with respect to the presence of final schwa, and some dialects favor the presence of schwa, while others do not. The present study aims at an over-all picture, and thus includes data from the largest available range of sub-types of spoken German from different varieties, with utterances ranging from reading to storytelling.The restriction to phrases with moderately large frequencies was necessary because, as noted above, corpora of spoken language are generally much less comprehensive than those of written language. For German, the G-test) for small sample sizes, such as the number of items < 5 in one of the cells; see McDonald (dem/einem Tag(e)) had more than 5 results for all combinations. Therefore, in order to present consistent results, Fisher's exact test is applied to all cases.The DGD database was searched for the number of relevant cases as listed in (4). Then the Prosodic parallelism hypothesis was tested over contingency tables of the kind illustrated in (2), in order to test whether the number of combinations hypothesized to be preferred is higher than predicted by the given frequencies of their parts. Particular focus is placed on the strong nouns listed in (4)c, see respective section below. The test used for this purpose was Fisher's exact test of independence, with the purpose of verifying that the proportions of frequencies for one variable (presence of schwa) is dependent on the value of some other variable, or alternatively, that the frequencies are independent of each other. This test is usually recommended , indicating the level of statistical significance. Results with values for P < 0.05 are taken as confirmation for the hypothesis. A list of detailed results for all searches performed is presented in Appendix Search items and the (5) Statistical analysis; Fisher's exact testdie/der + eine/einer) form a prosodic unit not with the following noun as in der Tür(e), but with the preceding preposition, see discussion above. This would account for the non-significant result in first case given in (5). The failure for the final search item remains unexplained.Non-significant results emerge for the first and the last item used, while for a range of other constructions the hypothesis is either confirmed, or cannot be tested for lack of sufficient data j constitute a wide range of forms, with strong variation in the appearance of schwa between stems and suffix. Crucially, for present purposes, for these nouns the genitive forms all occur, in principle, with or without schwa preceding genitive ending -s, as in Amt(e)s ‘office, gen. sg.’ or Zug(e)s ‘train, gen. sg’Jahres ‘year, gen. sg.’ the schwa-containing variant is much more frequent than the competing form Jahrs, independent of contextNouns taking the suffix To illustrate, Table (6) presents the full set of relevant tokens calculated over all 162 nouns, with the number of cases found in the DGD2 database given in the cells of the table, and preferred combinations printed in bold.(6) Search results for strong nounsdes + monosyllabic and eines + bisyllabic) are higher than expected, and vice versa for the non-preferred ones. This trend is significant, with an exact P = 0.03 according to Fisher's exact test. The present study of these genitive singular forms of strong nouns thus yields a result which differs from the previous one on written German: Prosodic Parallelism is confirmed for this set of data, even without taking the role of individual lexemes into account.As inspection of (6) shows, numbers for these item combinations are too small to make calculations over individual nouns. Frequencies of combinations vary, but the forms preferred according to the Prosodic Parallelism hypothesis . Their conclusion  to the reader that the respective word should be read as a bisyllabic word. In this sense, there is clearly “intended prosody” in the alternative spellings available. We cannot be sure that a particular reader will always follow the advice, but still the suggestion exists.While this consideration would lead to more regular prosodic phrasing  for written language, the close relation between speech and prosodic features would yield the opposite result. Another reason for differences between the spoken and written modality in prosodic details may be that prosodic phrases in the spoken modality are shorter than those in the written modality. The reason is that, as mentioned above, planning processes in the spoken modality proceed under more time pressure and with fewer opportunities for revision. In consequence, more re-starts, errors, hesitations, and interruptions influence the flow of speech and thereby the structure of prosodic phrases Levelt, . In concdie or eine listed in (3). Such reduction correlates with a change in foot structure, as in the loss of a foot (defooting). Arguably, such reductions are found more often in the spoken modality than in the realization of written German. However, a written corpus  does not allow for a reliable evaluation of such reductions.Finally, the reduction of function words may play a role: it has been observed by Hall  and KentThe author confirms being the sole contributor of this work and approved it for publication.Funding for the study reported in this paper was provided by the LOEWE initiative of the state of Hesse, Germany (Fundierung linguistischer Basiskategorien). The sponsor was not involved in any aspect of the study and/or the article.The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 45816; 10.1038/srep45816 published online: 04062017; updated: 05162017.The original version of this Article contained an error in Affiliation 2, which was incorrectly given as:‘Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 567014, India’.The correct affiliation is listed below:‘Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India’.This error has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the Article, as well as the accompanying Supplementary Information.


The authors would like to draw the reader's attention to errors in the following article:Cancer Sci 2017; 108: 243–9.Tomoki Y, Hamanaka M, Babaya A, Kimura K, Kobayashi M, Fukumoto M, Tsukamoto K, Noda M, Matsubara N, Tomita N, Sugihara K. Management strategies in Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis: a national healthcare survey in Japan. The correct funding information is shown below:Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumAdditionally, all occurrences of ‘Japan Society of Colorectal Cancer Research’ in the article should have changed to ‘Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum’.The authors apologize for these errors and any confusion these may have caused.


Canis lupus) is one of the most widely distributed terrestrial mammals, and its distribution and ecology in Europe and North America are largely well described. However, the distribution of grey wolf in southern China is still highly controversial. Several well-known western literatures stated that there are no grey wolves in southern China, while the presence of grey wolf across China has been indicated in A Guide to the Mammals of China, published by Princeton University Press. It is essential to solve this discrepancy since dogs may have originated from grey wolfs in southern China. Therefore, we systematically investigated Chinese literatures about wild animal surveys and identified more than 100 articles and books that included information of the distribution of grey wolves in China. We also surveyed the collections of three Chinese natural museums and found 26 grey wolf skins specimens collected across China. Moreover, we investigated the fossil records of wolf in China and identified 25 archaeological sites with wolf remains including south China. In conclusion, with the comprehensive summary of Chinese literatures, museum specimens and fossil records, we demonstrate that grey wolves does distribute across all parts of the Chinese mainland, including the most southern parts of China.The grey wolf ( Canis lupus, is one of the most widely distributed terrestrial mammals  is not a subspecies of the golden jackal  and should be reclassified as the African wolf, Canis lupus lupaster : Mammalia Vol. 8 Carnivora page 46-49, reported in 1987: "the wolf, which apart from Hainan Island, the various islands in the South China Sea, and Taiwan, is spread over nearly all the country" and "the wolf can be seen in all provinces. Based on collected literature references and specimen samples, wolves have been identified in Muleng, Baoqing, and Genhe of Heilongjiang, in Baicheng, Kaitong, Dunhua, Jingyu, Huinan, Hunchun, Jilin, Tumenling, and Fuyu of Jilin, in Fushun and Lvda of Liaoning, in Shanhaiguan and Zhangjiakou of Hebei, in Beijing, in Hohhot and Erlian of Inner Mongolia, in Hami, Bole, Turpan, Yanqi, Korla, Aksu, Luntai, and Baicheng of Xinjiang, In Shanxi province, in Yan'an of Shaanxi, in Mianchi and Luoning of Henan, in Yichang of Hubei, in Nanjing and Qingjiang of Jiangsu, in Fujian province, in Longzhou, Ningming, and Shangsi of Guangxi, in Guangdong province, in Guizhou province, in Lushui and Chengkou of Yunnan, in Yumen, Zhangye, and Linxia of Gansu, in Menyuan, Qilian, Alaer, Golmud, and Delingha of Qinghai, in Pali, Nylamu, Tingri, Shigatse, and Naqu of Tibet, and in Shiqu, Ruoergai, Songpan, Leibo, Ebian, Kangding, Wanxian, Yibin, and Mianyang of Sichuan" .Canis lupus desertorum Bogdanow, 1882 in Xinjiang, C. l. filchneri Matschie, 1907 in Qinghai, Gansu and Tibet, C. l. chanco Gray, 1863 in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia (eastern part), Hebei, Beijing, Shandong, Henan and Shanxi, C. l. Nei-Mongol form in Inner Mongolia (western and mid part) and C. l. South-China form in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hubei and Sichuan Furthermore, Wang (200) described the subspecies/subtypes of wolf in China and reported that the wolf was distributed across all parts of continental China. Chinese wolves were divided into five subspecies and forms: In order to obtain an updated and comprehensive description of the distribution of wolves in China, we investigated more than 100 articles containing information about the pressence of wolf at a regional level , and depletion of prey . Also inThe data about wolf distributions that we here present were investigations on either provincial or local level, whereas, a comprehensive ecological survey of the wolves in China. It is therefore not clear how the wolf populations in the different parts of China are interrelated. For example, it is not clear whether wolves recorded in the southern provinces represent permanent populations, or a steady stream of individuals migrating from the northern provinces. However, it is notable that wolves have been recorded across virtually the entire continental China, including southern Chinese province Yunnan as late as in 2011 and provinces Guangdong and Guangzhou in 2000. These findings indicate a consistent presence of permanent populations across southern China. Moreover, to obtain a comprehensive picture of the status of the wolves in China, it is necessary to carry out both ecological and genetic studies, e.g., in concerning the genetic relationships either among the wolf populations across China and between these and worldwide wolf populations.This study points out misconceptions in the western literature about the distributions of wolves in China. The origin of this problem is not clear, but it can be traced back as far as an article in 1985 from which the factoid has, stepwise, been passed on to other articles . It is pWith a comprehensive summary of Chinese literature, specimens and fossil records, we showed that wolves are present across all parts of the Chinese mainland, including the southern parts of China. Hereby we corrected an error in western literature, in which most sources stated that wolves are not present in the southern China, and some even claimed that wolves have never been presented there, even in ancient times. There is no comprehensive description of the current distributions of wolves across China, and therefore this study serves both to give an updated description of wolf distributions in China, and to make this significant information available to an international audience.


The MAHC is a guidance document that jurisdictions can use to update or implement codes, rules, regulations, guidance, laws, or standards governing swimming pools, spas, hot tubs, and other public, treated, recreational water venues to reduce infectious disease outbreaks, drowning, and chemical injuries.The first edition of the Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC) was released on August 29, 2014, and is now available from CDC online at In the United States, no federal agency regulates the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of public swimming pools and other public, treated, recreational water venues. All pool codes are independently written and enforced by state and/or local agencies. In 2005, local, state, and federal public health officials and representatives of the aquatic sector requested that CDC develop a model, evidence-based code. Since 2007, CDC has led a national collaborative effort with public health, industry, and academic representatives from across the United States to develop the MAHC.http://www.cmahc.org) is a nonprofit organization created in 2013 to support and improve public health by promoting healthy and safe aquatic experiences for everyone. CMAHC members will suggest MAHC revisions for CDC’s final determination.CDC will work with national partners to periodically update the MAHC to ensure it stays current with the latest industry advances and public health findings. The Conference for the Model Aquatic Health Code (CMAHC) (


Pharmaceuticals improved its ranking [Pharmaceuticals confirms its position in the first quartile in the category of pharmaceutical science. Moreover, papers published in our journal in 2013 and 2014 have been cited 4.5 times, on average, in 2015.As explained in the editorial written 12 months ago [It is my pleasure to confirm the progress recorded in 2016. Indeed, the number of published manuscripts has jumped from 45 to 79 in 2016 volume. This includes submissions received in 10 completed Special Issues. They were dedicated to the First International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry  , Thierry Besson , Francois Dufrasne , Marc Le Borgne , Andrea Porcheddu , Osvaldo A. Santos-Filho , Gary J. Stephens , and Nigel Yarlett .Pharmaceuticals confirmed its status as an international journal by being present as a media partner, an exhibitor, or a sponsor at national and international meetings among which were:Biosensors 2016, Twenty-sixth Anniversary World Congress on Biosensors, 25–27 May, Gothenburg, Sweden;Thirtieth France-Belgium Meeting of Pharmacochemistry, 25–27 May, Amboise, France;Aptamers in Bordeaux 2016, 24–25 June, France;CLINAM 9/2016 Conference and Exhibition, European and Global Summit for Cutting-Edge Medicine: Clinical Nanomedicine and Targeted Medicine, Enabling Technologies for Personalized Medicine, 26–29 June, Basel, Switzerland;ACS National Meeting and Exhibition, 21–23 August, Philadelphia, PA, USA;Réunion du Groupement des Pharmacochimistes de l’Arc Atlantique, 25–26 August, Angers, France;Eighth International Conference on Protein Kinase CK2, 6–9 September, Homburg, Germany;Thirteenth European Biological Inorganic Chemistry (EuroBIC 13) Conference, 28 August–1 September, Budapest, Hungary;Twenty-fourth National Meeting in Medicinal Chemistry, 11–14 September, Perugia, Italy.Fourth Conference on Innovation in Drug Delivery: Site-Specific Drug Delivery, 25–28 September, Antibes-Juan-les-Pins, France;Pharmaceuticals was the organizer of the Second International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry [hemistry . The evehemistry , submittPharmaceuticals Travel Award for Young Investigators [Mentions should be made, in addition, that we received 83 outstanding applications for the 2016 Pharmaceuticals will offer a travel grant to help support a young investigator in her/his professional career. Details of the competition can be found on our website [http://sciforum.net/conference/ecmc-3.In 2017, we shall pursue our efforts to raise the journal to a better position still and to increase its visibility. Therefore, we can already announce that It is my pleasure to end this editorial by wishing you a healthy and prosperous new year. This is also the opportunity for me to warmly thank, for their confidence, our authors, readers, and reviewers, as well as the scientists of the editorial board, members of our teams in Basel, Barcelona, Beijing, and Wuhan, and our sponsors.


In this paper, we study the derangement polynomials and investigate some interesting properties which are related to derangement numbers. Also, we study two generalizations of derangement polynomials, namely higher-order and r-derangement polynomials, and show some relations between them. In addition, we express several special polynomials in terms of the higher-order derangement polynomials by using umbral calculus.The problem of counting derangements was initiated by Pierre Rémond de Montmort in 1708 (see Carlitz in Fibonacci Q. 16(3):255–258,  The. The\docFor x)∈P, by , we getFrom , we noteFrom , we easiLet For The Bernoulli polynomials are given byWe know that the Euler polynomials are defined byThe falling factorial sequence is defined asThe Stirling numbers of the first kind are defined byThe Stirling numbers of the second kind are also given by the exponential generating function 1It is well known that the Bell polynomials are defined by the generating functionFrom , we haven element set (see [A derangement is a permutation that has no fixed points. The derangement number mentclass2pt{minimset (see ). The prmentclass2pt{minimset (see ). The fiIndeed, From , we noteBy using , it is nr , from  we haveThus, by , we getIn , we takeNow, we observe thatFrom , we noteBy  and 2.1, we getFrom , we can Forwe haveFrom , we haveIn particular,Comparing the coefficients on both sides of , we haveTherefore, we obtain the following corollary.Forwe haveandr byr.For r-derangement numbers, denoted by r-elements are in disjoint cycles. It is known that the generating function of the r-derangement numbers is given byFor r-derangement polynomials given byr-derangement numbers. By . From  and (2.20). From , we haveTherefore, by  and 2.3, we obtaForwe haveNow, we observe thatOn the other hand, by , we getFrom  and 2.3, we haveIn particular, for Therefore, by  and 2.3, we obtaForwe haveMoreover,By , we easiComparing the coefficients on both sides of , we haveFrom , we can Thus, by , we getFor −2, from  and . From , we haveTherefore, by  and 2.4, we obtaForwe havewhereLet us take Hence, by  and 2.4, we getAssume that Then, by , we getThus, from , we noteForwe havewhereFor Thus, we note thatFor HenceFor Thus, we getFor HenceThe ordered Bell polynomials are defined by the generating functionrs. From  and , by  and , by , we getTherefore, we obtain the following theorem.Forwe haveFor Therefore, by  and 2.5, we obtaForwe haver-derangement polynomials, and showed some relations between them and also with some other special polynomials. In addition, by using umbral calculus, we derived a formula expressing any polynomials as linear combinations of higher-order derangement polynomials and illustrated this with several special polynomials.In this paper, as a natural companion to derangement numbers, we have investigated derangement polynomials and derived several interesting properties on them which are related to derangement numbers. Also, we have considered two generalizations of derangement polynomials, namely the higher-order and The introduction of derangement numbers goes back to as early as 1708 when Pierre Rémond de Montmort considered some counting problem on derangements. However, it seems that the umbral calculus approach to the derangement polynomials and their generalizations has not yet been done. In this paper, we have used umbral calculus in order to study some interesting properties on them, certain relations between them, and some connections with several other special polynomials.


As usually verified in many malignancies, the majority of the scientific information about renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is produced in developed countries mainly in North America and Europe. This knowledge is derived from great casuistries, joined in multi-institutional collaborative study groups or in International diseases consortiums.Consistent epidemiologic and scientific data originated in the Latin America (LA) are lacking. LA is a large subcontinent, composed by more than 20 countries (much of them great economies), encompassing around 640 million habitants. Latin American population ethnicity is unique, due to an intense miscegenation, differing from northern hemispheric populations. The LA’s population was composed by several civilizations over the years: pre Colombians, (Amerindians), black slaves descendant’s (distinct groups of the African slaves that were sent to North America and Caribe). The predominance of Europeans in LA corresponded to Iberians, and Italians, few French and Germans. We have few Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian and Northern and Eastern Europeans. Regarding Middle East and Africans, the more prevalent immigrants were Syrian, Lebaneses, Jewishs and few Armenians. Also, there are few Arabic, Persian and North African populations. From Asia, the predominance has been established by Japanese and in the last decades, by some Korean and Chinese. There is almost no people from South Asia, Oceania and Pacific Islands etc., differing from US, for example. The LA racial miscegenation resulted in particular genetic groups such as Mulattoes, Mestizos, Zambos, Cimarron’s, Cafuzzos, mamelucos etc , 2. In tHowever, the socioeconomic level and the human development index among LA’s populations in general are under than desired. Health care systems in our subcontinent are heterogeneous, being possible to find in a same country (or in a same city), side by side, the more developed, and the more precarious medical services. Additionally, the Latin American Institutions, and its practitioners are not skilled in participating in multicenter collaborative study groups. The language may constitute an additional barrier, since the number of non-native English speakers (and writers) is large. At the same time, the background and the funds available to incentivize scientific productions are insufficient, in contrast with several primary and more urgent health requirements in LA.th American Urological Society Annual Meeting in San Diego, colleagues from Brazil (SCZ) and Uruguay (DAC), decided to create an international, multicenter, nonprofit, collaborative study group, focused on kidney cancer, named LARCG .In face of this scenario, in May 2013, during the 108The main generic role of LARCG is to promote knowledge and the research development regarding renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in LA. In order to reach this, it has become necessary to aggregate people and Institutions dedicated to this disease.Among the scopes of LARCG, the main ones were: 1) the creation of a great and multifaceted data bank with information of RCC in LA; 2) to stablish international scientific cooperation between the LARCG institutions and developed research centers or with collaborative uro-oncological intergroups; 3) to proportionate facilities that result in the production of high level scientific publications; 4) To stimulate the participation of LARCG members in worldwide recognized scientific meetings.The first step to concretize our aims was to invite LA’s key opinion leaders, to participate, and we had a quick and massive adhesion . On 2014, after a few months we had the adhesion of 24 institutions from six countries , constituting the first round of the LARCG.At the same time, through electronic assemblies, a statute was approved by all LARCG members. According to this agreement, it was created the Executive Directory, the Member’s Council, and the Scientific and the Ethics Committees. In each participating center, an Urologist Leader (UL) was nominated.The UL must diffuse the LARCG ideas on each center recruiting urologists, and designating expert uro-pathologists, and clinical oncologists. These colleagues constitute the LARCG Pathol Branch and the LARCG Oncol Branch respectively, reinforcing the multidisciplinary characteristics of the group.Today, LARCG is active, supported by annual fees paid by its members and is consolidated: www.larcg.org .First epidemiological survey and an early survival analysis”, form LARCG. These results were presented for the first time at the Main Session of the CAU - Confederacion Americana de Urologia Meeting, in Punta del Este Uruguay, in November, 2014. During this congress, it was realized the First Annual LARCG Meeting, with the presence of the majority of our members. Few months later, in 2015 April, these first analyses results, and the structural aspects of the LARCG, were presented at the “2015 Spring SWOG (Southwest Oncology Group) Meeting”, in San Francisco, California. . After a few weeks, LARCG performed it’s Second Annual Meeting during the 2015 AUA Annual Meeting in New Orleans LO, in a meeting room supported by the AUA .The first step in the scientific direction was the creation of an extensive data bank, containing 176 demographical, clinical, laboratorial and pathological variables, all of them previously codified and with careful protection of the patients’ identifications. This data bank was sent to 24 institutions participants of the first round of the LARCG, in January 2014, and there were six months for the return of the information. At the end of 2014, we received information from 4280 RCC Patients. From these group, 3817 patients were eligible for a realization of the “LARCG promoted Scientific International Meetings in São Paulo, in March 2015, at AC Camargo Cancer Center, and in October, 2015, in the British Hospital in Buenos Aires.Third LARCG Annual Meeting, realized in San Diego, during the 2016 AUA Meeting, under the support of the AUA. In this Section, we were proud to receive a special honored Guest, W. Marston Linehan, MD.In the end of 2015, the first LARCG season of submission of scientific projects was opened, and we received several applications, fourteen of them were approved by the Ethics and the Scientific Committees. All of these projects were presented during the During the 2016 Meeting of the Associacion Argentina de Urologia, in Tucuman-Argentina), “Contemporary outcomes in the Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma from the Latin American Renal Cancer Group (LARCG)” was presented . In OctoThe second Round: In 2015 LARCG finalized the adhesion of 45 centers, from Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Mexico and Spain. At this time, our Scientific Committee corrected and enhanced our data bank, and sent it to all centers, that had some months to fill it and/or to correct the previous imprecisions and return it to us. At the end of 2016, we finalized the second round, having information of 5223 patients . The information is customized in a data bank. Now the specific variables’s informations has been sent to the LARCG investigators which had aprooved research projetcs.One of the most significant initiatives of the LARCG is to integrate the demographic, clinical data with pathological samples of each respective patient. For this task, we must acknowledge the non-interested collaboration of Dra. Isabela Werneck da Cunha, MD, PhD, (Leader of the LARCG Pathol), the LARCG Pathologists, and the personal contribution of Dr. George Netto, MD. Those skilled pathologists are centrally reviewing and reclassifying thousands of samples, according to the 2012, ISUP - International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus . From eaThere is a signed international agreement between two LARCG Centers  and Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, from Tampa, US, through Dr. Philippe P. Spiess, MD and Jorge Lockhart, MD.Other collaborations has been stablishing with one of the SWOG’s centers  and AC Camargo Cancer Center. Some LARCG centers will collaborate with the recently aproveed project INCITO-INOTE  8, leadeared by VIlma Regina Martins, MSc, PhD.For 2017, LARCG web site, originally in Spanish, will become bilingual, including the English idiom. Periodically, at our home page, newsletters, editorials, clinical cases discussions will be available.LARCG Annual Meeting (4th) will be held in Boston 2017, during the next AUA Annual Meeting. During this meeting, the research projects underway will be presented, and worldwide recognized RCC Speakers will be invited.The Next Negotiations are in course to establish future collaborations with international research groups and with RCC patient’s protection and educational groups. We are now looking for a sponsor institution, that can support LARCG in its several and infrastructural logistics requirements.We wish a bright 2017 for all LARCG members, collaborators and of course, for our patients.Editor Associado, International Braz J UrolDivisão de Urologia do A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterFundação A. Prudente, São Paulo, BrasilStênio de Cássio Zequi, MD, MSc, PhD


Chris S Earl, Teh Wooi Keong, Shi‐qi An, Sarah Murdoch, Yvonne McCarthy, Junkal Garmendia, Joseph Ward, J Maxwell Dow, Liang Yang, George A O'Toole & Robert P RyanEMBO Molecular Medicine, has been retracted by agreement between the authors of the study, CSE, TWK, SQA, SM, YMcC, JG, JW, JMD, LY, RPR, the journal Chief Editor and the EMBO Head of Scientific Publications in accordance with the outcomes of independent investigations conducted by the University of Dundee and University College Cork.The above article, published May 20 2015 in GAO'T disagrees with the text of this retraction notice, albeit not with the retraction.The following issues are noted:PLoS One 8(12): e82432 , although in a number of cases the patient's gender is at odds between the two reports.Table 1 contains clinical data described in the paper as being derived from a cohort of asthma patients. However, the provenance of this data is unclear. Based on the evidence available, the University of Dundee investigation concluded that the majority of the patient cohort is likely to be a subset of a cohort of cystic fibrosis patients reported in The RNAseq data are unavailable on the European Nucleotide Archive under the reported accession number ERG003569. RNAseq data were uploaded with accession number ERS654066 before publication.The paper describes use of both prednisolone and prednisone, yet only the latter was used in the study.


Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-017-01335-w, published online 26 April 2017Correction to: In the original version of this Article, Teigang Liu was incorrectly listed as being affiliated with “Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Education, DongZhiMen Hospital, Beijing 100070, China”.The correct affiliation is listed below:College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.This has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article.


In the paper  the presCSIR Emeritus Scientist, Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, University Road, Lucknow 226007, India.Acknowledgements’ section:The following information is added in the ‘“Thanks are due to CSIR, New Delhi, for award of Emeritus Scientist Project to PKM. Thanks are also due to Vice Chancellor, Lucknow University, Lucknow, for providing laboratory space and computational facilities to PKM for carrying out part of the study, data analysis and manuscript preparation.”


Throughout September, approximately 3,000 organizations will participate in activities in support of National Preparedness Month. CDC supports this initiative by partnering with national, regional, state, and local government agencies, as well as private and public organizations, to encourage persons to take part in preparedness efforts at home, school, and throughout their communities.For Preparedness Month 2014, CDC’s Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response has focused its efforts on developing messages and products designed to meet the needs of vulnerable populations , CDC is http://www.cdc.gov/phpr.The unpredictable nature of disasters makes personal preparedness a necessity. In the case of vulnerable populations, there are unique considerations that must be taken into account when preparing for emergencies ,5. Addit


Incorrect Affiliation4Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 5School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China”, it should be “4School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China”. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.In the published article, there was an error in affiliation . Instead of “The original article has been updated.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


The correct name is: Mirza Faisal Qaseem. The last author’s name is incorrect. The correct name is: Arshad Mahmood Khan. The correct citation is: Amjad MS, Qaseem MF, Ahmad I, Khan SU, Chaudhari SK, Zahid Malik N, et al. (2017) Descriptive study of plant resources in the context of the ethnomedicinal relevance of indigenous flora: A case study from Toli Peer National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0171896. In the author contributions, Muhammad Shoaib Amjad (MSA) should be listed as one of the persons who contributed to Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization and Writing–review & editing.There is an error in the last sentence under the subheading “Collection and identification of plants” in the Materials and methods section. The correct sentence is: The fully determined vouchers were deposited in the herbarium of the Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh, Pakistan.


The authors of the above paper retract this article due to concerns about the integrity of the data and the validity of the conclusions. The first author, Brandi M. Baughman, has admitted to the co-authors and the Office of Research Integrity at NIH that she falsified and/or fabricated data and text concerning Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, for which she takes sole responsibility.Subsequent to the paper being published, further experiments by co-authors Wang, Stashko, and Pearce have verified that a major conclusion of this article is invalid: UNC10112646, UNC10225354, and UNC10225498 are not inhibitors of PPIP5K, contrary to the claims in the published paper.In light of these concerns, all of the authors have agreed to retract this article.


Professor Er-Mi Zhao, Herpetologist, 1930-2016Academician Er-Mi Zhao, Professor of the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Sichuan University, passed away on 24 December, 2016, to the great loss of both Chinese and world herpetology. As one of the most internationally renowned Chinese herpetologists, Academician Zhao represented a remarkable era of Chinese herpetology and made a significant contribution to global research, both academically and spiritually. He played a significant role in our understanding of the amphibians and reptiles of Tibet, herpetofauna of the Hengduan Mountains, taxonomy of Chinese snakes, and biogeography of the East Asian islands. His distinguished studies laid a solid and substantial foundation for research by future generations of young herpetologists, and had an extensive and profound impact on the development of the field.Agkistrodon expert, wrote to Academician Zhao in 1989. In 1993, Herpetology of China  (Liua (Liua shihi) , Dinodon rosozonatum , Achalinus hainanus , Trimeresurus medoensis , Ovophis monticola zayuensis , Plagiopholis unipostocularis  (Viridovipera medoensis) , and Mt. Mang pit viper (Protobothrops mangshanensis)   and Liuaa shihi) , and 41 wanensis , Achaliniguensis , Natrix x optata . Ranodonnpaensis , Megophrangensis , Hyla tsingensis , Rana kugwuensis , Microhy mixtura , Leioloingensis , Xenopelocularis , Opisthogxiensis , Agkistrdaoensis , Trimereengensis , Phrynocuanensis , Oligodoizonatum , Macropirontalis , Scincelrenensis , Scutigeuginosus , Rhabdoplabialis , Platymaiculatus , Stauroihanensis , Calotesdogensis , Tenuidadogensis , Rana tegerensis , Eumecesces liui , Trimerehanensis , Cuora zra zhoui , Amphies metusia , Oreolalunctatus , Rana rortingeri , Rhabdops adleri , Laudakiakia wui , Laudakipenfussi , Rana zha zhengi , Opisthois cheni , Rhacophhainanus , and Gloijianlii , as wellaoensis) , Medog ganensis) . He alsoanensis)  and expaanensis) .Academician Zhao brought new insight and perspective on the geographical division of amphibians and reptiles in China, the amphibian and reptile fauna in the Hengduan Mountain area, the classification of snakes distributed in China, and the zoological geography of the East Asian Islands. He zoned the southern slopes of the Himalayas as a new sub-southwest region of the Indo-Chinese sub-region in the oriental realm according to the actual distribution of species in Tibet, and first proposed a new "South of the Himalayan Sub-region" based on the distribution of reptiles . In addiProfessor Zhao also did outstanding work in scientific practice. He developed measures for the prevention and management of venomous snakes in the grasslands in western Xinjiang, and advanced the concept of medical geography of venomous snake bites in China  and YunnZoological Research from 1997 to 2014, he fulfilled his duty faithfully and diligently, and provided vital and constructive promotion of the journal. Zoological Research is extremely grateful for his exceptional contribution and dedication, and it is with deep regret and sorrow we note his passing. His deep passion, persistence, optimism, and strict scientific attitude in chasing the truth showed his invaluable spiritual wealth, and is an inspiration to every one of us.Academician Zhao was not only a devoted scholar, but also played active roles in helping young researchers and in disseminating scientific knowledge. He served on the Executive Committee of the International Amphibian and Reptilian Society in 1983, and as the Chairman of Chinese Herpetologists in the IUCN (1991-2001). During his tenure as an academic advisor on the Editorial Board of Editor's note: The facts and material stated here in regards to Academician Zhao's academic achievements were provided by his students, Dr. Jia-Tang Li , Dr. Jing Che , Dr. Song Huang , Peng Guo  and Dr. Yue-Zhao Wang . This essay was compiled by Zoological Research.


People aged 65 and above have consistently been omitted from research on the epidemiology of psychotic disorders. Correspondingly, little is known about the incidence of very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP). We aimed to characterise the incidence of VLOSLP in a Swedish population cohort, including how incidence varied by age, sex, migration, deprivation, traumatic life events, and social isolation.We conducted a Swedish population-based cohort study to examine the incidence of VLOSLP by potential environmental risk factors. The cohort, born in 1920–1949 and living in Sweden, were followed up from age 60 until the end of follow-up (30th December 2011), emigration, death, or diagnosis with a non-affective psychotic disorder. We used Cox regression to obtain hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for VLOSLP by age, sex, migration, disposable income at age 60, and the experience of the death of a partner or child, adjusting for potential confounders.In a cohort of 2,955,796 people, we identified 14,825 cases with VLOSLP, with an overall incidence rate of 38.1 (95% CI: 37.5 – 38.7) per 100,000 person-years at-risk. Rates were higher amongst migrants from North America , Europe , Russian-Baltic regions  and Africa  compared to Swedish-born, with a lower rate in migrants from the Middle East . Rates were higher in those with the lowest income , who experienced the death of a partner , death of a child in infancy , and those without a partner  or children .In this large, national cohort study we identified several potential risk factors for developing psychosis later in life, including migration, deprivation, social isolation and traumatic life events. This may have important implications for our understanding of the aetiology of VLOSLP and could help to inform public mental health and service planning.


This study examines how the relationship between urbanization  and the carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB) (measured as a ratio of carbon dioxide emissions and life expectancy) in most nations from 1960–2013 varies based on the economic context and whereabouts of a substantial portion of a nation’s urban population. To accomplish this, we use the United Nations’ (UN) definition of slum households to identify developing countries that have substantial slum populations, and estimate a Prais-Winsten regression model with panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE), allowing for disturbances that are heteroskedastic and contemporaneously correlated across panels. Our findings indicate that the rate of increase in CIWB for countries without substantial slum populations begins to slow down at higher levels of urbanization, however, the association between urbanization and CIWB is much smaller in countries with substantial slum populations. Overall, while urbanization is associated with increases in CIWB, the relationship between urban development and CIWB is vastly different in developed nations without slums than in under-developed nations with slums. An esse2 emissions. In these studies, urbanization is often observed as form of socioeconomic development. Liddle argues that macro-level quantitative research assessing the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions “comes in two different flavors” and can be distinguished between studies that assume the relationship between urbanization and CO2 is one-way causal, and studies that assume the relationship is multi-causal [2 emissions. However, these studies are mostly limited to exploring the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions in specific nations . These 2 emissions, and assess the specific relationship between increases in the percentage of urban populations and changes in CIWB. As mentioned previously, some studies have found that urbanization can have an attenuating relationship with carbon dioxide emissions [one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water; access to improved sanitation; sufficient-living area; durability of housing; and security of tenure”. However, in practice the first four of these indicators are typically used in defining a slum household because secure tenure data are generally unavailable. We create an interaction term interacting percent urban population with a dummy variable that identifies countries with substantial urban slum populations and used it as a variable. The logic behind this interaction term is to capture the different association that urban development in developing regions with substantial slum populations might have with both life expectancy and carbon dioxide emissions.The logic of our modeling approach is to control for known drivers of life expectancy at birth and COmissions , 28. Spemissions   and CIWB, and control for theoretically relevant correlates of CIWB , finding that the percent of individuals living in urban areas has a positive and statistically significant relationship to nations’ CIWB through time. To build on model 1, in model 2 we assess whether the relationship between urbanization and CIWB is non-linear and create a quadratic term for percent urban populations, finding that it is not. In model 3, we create a dummy variable that uniquely identifies developing nations with slums populations and interact this variable with percent of individuals living in urban areas. The coefficient for this variable specifically displays the relationship of a proportional increase in the percentage of individuals living in urban areas within developing nations that have slums populations. Additionally, the coefficient for percent urban population in model 3 shows the association that developed countries that do not have substantial slum populations have on CIWB. The findings in model 3 indicate that for developing nations with slum populations the association between urbanization and CIWB is substantially lower than it is in all other nations included in our model.In model 4, we find that the quadratic term for the variable representing the percent of individuals living in urban areas and its quadratic term are significant at a .05 test. Additionally, we find that the variable for interaction effect of percent of individuals living in urban populations and developing nations with slums populations are each significant at a .05 test. This suggests that (1) the relationship between percent urban population and CIWB is significantly different in developing countries that have slum populations than all other nations, and (2) that the relationship between percent urban population and CIWB in both developing nations that have slum populations and all other nations is non-linear. However, because the quadratic terms for both percent urban population and the interaction effect of developing nations with slum populations are significant, it is easiest to interpret their relationship to CIWB graphically. As can be seen in 2 emissions, such as energy consumption and the manufacturing of impervious surface area, than it does in nations with no slums. However, this also suggest that urban growth has a smaller positive association with life expectancy at birth in nations with substantial slum populations than in nations with no slums.Here we find that the rate of increase in CIWB for countries without substantial slum populations begins to slow down at higher levels of urbanization and the association between urbanization and CIWB is much smaller in countries with substantial slum populations. One potential explanation for the findings presented here is that, in developing nations with substantial slum populations, urban growth has a smaller association to processes that produce COPrevious research has also suggested that greater levels of urban density are associated with declines in counterfactual energy use , which oThough it can be assumed that because we created an interaction term that specifically distinguishes between countries with slums and countries that are developed and/or have no slums that the differences observed in this analysis are a result of slums, we caution against such an interpretation. It would be inappropriate to argue that this is the only difference between urban development in countries that have slum populations and those that do not. One benefit to observing the association of rises in all urban populations, and not just substantial slum populations, however, is that it does allow our model to capture some of the other differences that exist between urban development across these groups.We believe that the most notable contribution of this study is its ability to help further our understanding of the nuanced relationship between urban growth, well-being, and carbon dioxide emissions. Similar to previous studies in this area, we demonstrate the complexity of urban development by finding that there is not a linear relationship between CIWB and urban population growth in developing countries that have slum populations, and in countries that do not fit this specific criterion. The present study also shows the need for future research and policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, while simultaneously increasing human well-being, to be mindful of the contrast between urbanization in developing nations that have slums and other countries. As mentioned above, in this study we are unable to directly examine the relationship between slum-patterned urban development and CIWB, or to compare this relationship directly with non-slum-patterned urban development’s relationship to CIWB, and we caution against such an interpretation. Here, our focus has been on the differences in the association between CIWB and urban development patterns in developing nations with substantial slum populations relative to nations without substantial slum populations as a whole, and not, per se, on the differences between slums and non-slum urban areas. However, we encourage future research to address the issue of slum development patterns and sustainability more directly. Finally, we note that, based on the observed trajectory of nations with and without slum populations, urbanization alone does not appear as though it is effective at reducing growth in CIWB. According to our findings, even as countries reach 100 percent urbanization the attenuation of CIWB is still fairly small (this is even more the case for nations with slum populations). If the current trajectory of urban growth continues, deepening our understanding how urbanization influences well-being and environmental sustainability will be increasingly crucial. The findings presented here offer a glimpse into how researchers can observe these relationships in a way that captures some of the differences in the forms of urbanization that can be seen across the globe.We constructed a Prais-Winsten regression model with panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE), allowing for disturbances that are heteroskedastic and contemporaneously correlated across panels . We emplWe use nations as our unit of analysis, and include year and country specific intercepts to control for potential heterogeneity that is temporally invariant within nations, and cross-sectionally invariant in time periods. Additionally, we correct for AR (1) disturbances within panels, treating the AR(1) process as common to all panels because there is no theoretical reason to assume the process is panel specific . Our couTo construct our dependent variable, we employ World Bank, World Development Indicators , data onAs in previous research concerning well-being and environmental intensity , 33, 46,We include GDP per capita, measured in constant 2005 US dollars, as an independent variable in order to account for the level of economic development within nations. Previous research has found economic development to be a critical factor in country-level CIWB outcomes , 20. SpeFollowing York and Colleagues , we log it”, our outcome of interest, represents the carbon intensity of well-being for nation i in year t; “Percent Urbanit” indicates the percent of the population the is urbanized in country i during year t; "Dummy Variable for Nation with Slumsit” indicates whether nation i has slum patterned urbanization in year t; "Populationit" is a control for total population size of nation i in time t; “GDP per capitait" represents nation i’s GDP per capita in year t, “Percent Population 15-65it” indicates the percent of the productive population during time t in country i; “Percent Population Over 65it” represents the percent of the population that is typically unproductive in country t during year t; “yeart” is a control for period specific effects; ui is a control for nation specific, non-contemporaneous, effects; and eit is the residual term for nation i in period t.The form of the Prais-Winsten regression model with panel corrected standard errors including all independent variables used in Angola, Argentina, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Republic of The Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lao, Lebanon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uganda, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe.Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Cabo Verde, Canada, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Eritrea, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macao, Macedonia, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Micronesia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russian Federation, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, St. Lucia, St Vincent and The Grenadines, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen.S1 FileThis file contains all data used to perform the analyses presented by the authors above.(CSV)Click here for additional data file.


One Health (OH) positions health professionals as agents for change and provides a platform to manage determinants of health that are often not comprehensively captured in medicine or public health alone. However, due to the organization of societies and disciplines, and the sectoral allocation of resources, the development of transdisciplinary approaches requires effort and perseverance. Therefore, there is a need to provide evidence on the added value of OH for governments, researchers, funding bodies, and stakeholders. This paper outlines a conceptual framework of what OH approaches can encompass and the added values they can provide. The framework was developed during a workshop conducted by the “Network for Evaluation of One Health,” an Action funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology. By systematically describing the various aspects of OH, we provide the basis for measuring and monitoring the integration of disciplines, sectors, and stakeholders in health initiatives. The framework identifies the social, economic, and environmental drivers leading to integrated approaches to health and illustrates how these evoke characteristic OH operations, i.e., thinking, planning, and working, and require supporting infrastructures to allow learning, sharing, and systemic organization. It also describes the OH outcomes , which are not possible to obtain through sectoral approaches alone, and their alignment with aspects of sustainable development based on society, environment, and economy. One Health (OH) positions health professionals as agents for change and provides a platform to both measure and manage determinants of health seldom fully covered by medicine or public health alone. The integration of human, animal, and environmental health has a long history –4. RecenThe purpose of this paper is to identify and describe evaluable characteristics of OH approaches, and to present what they can encompass and achieve. This provides a basis for evaluation of OH initiatives and their outcomes, which could not be achieved using standard, sectoral approaches.The characteristics of OH presented here resulted from a NEOH workshop held in June 2015. Twenty-five experts from 14 countries representing public, human, veterinary, wildlife and environmental health, food safety, agriculture, agro-economics, geography and development aid, research, government, and international organizations attended. The notion evolved that there are specific conditions that demand integrated approaches, which we named drivers. At the other end, specific outcomes are expected to be produced as a result of these integrated OH approaches. The principal OH approach as such was considered to consist of a specific operational paradigm requiring a supporting infrastructure to become effective. Figure Factors identified as drivers Figure  define tAlthough OH initiatives can range from development projects to educational programs, research projects, and intergovernmental strategies, they often have specific operating principles, characterized by a way of thinking, planning, and working. We selected this classification, as it represents a sequence from abstract thoughts over planning of an initiative to concrete implementation. The realization that certain health and welfare challenges cannot be dealt with from a single disciplinary perspective thus calls for a re-evaluation of approaches to deal with health and welfare challenges. “OH thinking” is holistic, inclusive, respectful, and tolerant, as opposed to approaches that are specific, reductionist, with a tendency to focus on single or limited outcomes that impact positively on few people only. It considers multiple scales of life, disciplines, sectors, species, paradigms, and demographics, and integrates at different spatial scales . This should reflect the connected nature of social relations and social systems, both in their material and symbolic dimensions as well as the degradation of national resources due to globalization . “OH plaConsequently, “OH working” relies on transdisciplinary collaboration that embraces contributions from the biological, natural and social sciences, and actively includes stakeholders in the process, from problem definitions to resolution. To operate as conceived, OH must rely on adequate information infrastructure and foster learning across all scales and fields . A learnThe expected outcomes of OH initiatives are health and welfare of humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems, all managed by common health strategies. This ensures healthy food, as well as clean water and air. Transdisciplinarity should result in improved stewardship and compliance, and promote interspecies equity, which would facilitate sustainable benefits for humans from other species (domestic and wild) and their habitats. Furthermore, OH should improve effectiveness across different sectors and at multiple scales. It relies on and results in more efficient communication, thereby generating a higher degree of awareness that can enable rapid detection of illness and consequent action. By having a more inclusive voice for neglected human populations, animals, and environment, OH is intended to widen our usual anthropocentric perspectives and to simultaneously enhance human health. The expected outcomes of OH approaches contribute to the three pillars of sustainability, namely, society, environment, and economy. In this way, the approach can be an instrument to working toward the UN sustainable development goals.Most diseases identified by WHO in their global burden of disease analysis,As demonstrated by the global AIDS response, this inclusive governance challenges current global norms, calls for global accountability, and reveals inextricable links between health, human rights, and social, economic, and political empowerment . By formSuch a change in approach requires resources. Consequently, it is important to demonstrate common interests of economic, environmental, social, and health advocates to provide appropriate funding, albeit under challenging economic constraints . We idenTo achieve systemic and scaled resilience to health challenges, the ultimate task for policy makers and other health professionals is to endorse health of people, animals, plants, and the environment and to achieve equitable and sustainable health outcomes , 28. To The article is the result of a workshop. Writing of the article with equal contribution: SR and BM. Senior author supervising the writing: AL. Organization and moderation of the workshop: BH, AM, and SR. Preparatory presentations for the workshop: BH, CIS, TE, MP, MA, JZ, PD, and AM. Workshop participation and article editing: BH, CIS, MP, MA, JZ, SB, JR, LC, DDM, LRN, MC, MF, FG, VI, DM, HO, MR, RK, and AS.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


To the Editor:Preventing Chronic Disease, was used without proper permission from Dr Donald E. Morisky and coauthors. We regret any problems our article may have caused, and we retract it from the literature.Due to an unintentional error, the MMAS-8 scale in our article, “Health and Nutrition Literacy and Adherence to Treatment in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension, North Carolina, 2015” (Nikita Patel, BSPH; Maria Ferris, MD; Eniko Rak, PhDThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of MedicineChapel Hill, North CarolinaPCD marked this article as retracted on December 23, 2016.Response:


Urinary stones can cause kidney failure, urinary tract infections (UTIs) and severe abdominal pain, blood in urine and flanks pain. Alhagi has been seen in different regions of Iran, especially the north to the border of central deserts, and also grows in North Africa, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq, Turkmenistan, Central Asia and other countries. Alhagi phytochemical such as flavonoids, flavone glycosides, Alhagidin, Alhagitin, proanthocyanidins, triterpenes, tannins, etc which it can be effective on urinary stones.Alhagi pseudalhagi, is a member of Fabaceae family are known as a painkiller in patients with kidney stones. Another name of Alhagi is manna grass which is plant of 20 to 120 cm height, with green to dark green prickly branches. Length of the thorns varies from 1 to 6 cm, and their angle is almost right. Leaves are oval-shaped with a width of 3 to 5 mm and a length of 10 to 15 mm, and the flowers which usually appear in 2 to 8 numbers in each thorns are red, purple and brown  have been completely observed by the authors.None.


The current issue of the International Journal of Telerehabilitation (IJT) contains original research, policy, and a country report (India). A letter to the editor cogently describes the challenges faced by occupational audiologists in the United States, due to the current absence of interstate professional license portability. There is no doubt that the lead article, “UserAuthentication in Mobile Phones and Its Application to Healthcare,” is highly relevant given the current security challenged environment.What do these articles have in common? They collectively describe the current status of telerehabilitation: successes, challenges, and future needs., Electronic Publications Associates at the University of Pittsburgh.In this season of giving thanks, we recognize that the IJT could not be produced without the generous efforts of others. We are grateful to new and returning reviewers; Sections Editor, William E. Janes, OTD, MSCI, OTR/L; colleagues at the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Information and Communication Technology Access at the University of Pittsburgh; and, our publishers, Timothy S. Deliyannides, Director, Office of Scholarly Communication and Publishing, and Head, Information Technology, University Library System, and Vanessa Gabler and Michelle BradburyDid you know recent evidence suggests that expressing gratitude on a daily basis , can benefit physical and psychological health? Yet another reason to give a huge “tele-thanks” to all those who are advancing the status of telerehabilitation.The next volume of the International Journal of Telerehabilitation will be published in Spring, 2018. We cordially invite your 2018 submissions by mid-January 2018, and accept original research, case studies, viewpoints, technology reviews, book reviews, and country reports that detail the current status of telerehabilitation.Sincerely,Ellen R. Cohn, PhD, CCC-SLP, ASHA-FIJT EditorJana Cason, DHS, OTR/L, FAOTASenior Associate Editor


The graphs themselves are all correct. It is simply the letter labels that are wrong. The panel labels should be a, b, c, d, e, f and not e, d, c, b, a, f.Upon publication of the original article , the autThe corrected Fig.


Following the publication of this article  it was bSusana C. Póvoas is erroneously affiliated with the Research Centre in Sport and Physical Activity, Maia Institute of Higher Education, Maia, Portugal. The author’s correct affiliation is with the Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal.Daniel A. Marinho, affiliated only with the Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal in the original article , is alsoBoth authors’ affiliations are correctly included in the Author details of this erratum.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3676110.1038/srep36761; published online: 12052016; updated: 02092017The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of Ali Alsalme, which was incorrectly given as Ali Mohammed Alsalme.In addition, Mohamed F. Al-Ajmi was incorrectly affiliated to “Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia”. The correct affiliation for this Author is listed below:Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.In addition, there was a typographical error in the legend of Figure 7, where:“Effect of ceftazidime on las and pqs systems”.Now reads:“Effect of NS-ZnNPs on las and pqs systems”.These errors have now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article.


GBD 2016 Mortality Collaborators. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 390: 1084–150.2017;  The full-text version of this Article has been updated so that the list of authors is displayed in the correct order, in line with the pdf version, rather than in alphabetical order. This correction has been made to the online version as of Oct 12, 2017.


AbstractA summary of the species of amphibians and reptiles of the state has been compiled, including their geographic distributions, habitats, and conservation statuses. The herpetofauna of San Luis Potosí consists of 41 species of amphibians and 141 species of reptiles. San Luis Potosí shares the highest number of species with Hidalgo and Tamaulipas, and the least number of species with Nuevo León. In San Luis Potosí, there are several taxa of particular conservation concern including salamanders, emydid and trionychid turtles, anguid and xenosaurid lizards, and natricid and colubrid snakes. Three physiographic provinces that vary in their temperature and the moisture retention of their soils  collections; (3) a thorough examination of the available literature on amphibians and reptiles of the state; and (4) databases from the Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad , including records from the following 30 collections:This list of amphibians and reptiles of the state of San Luis Potosí was compiled from the following sources: (1) our own field work; (2) specimens from the Laboratorio de Ecología – UBIPRO CASCollection of Herpetology, Herpetology Department, California Academy of SciencesCMNHCollection of Herpetology, Amphibians and Reptiles Section, Carnegie Museum of Natural History – PittsburghCNARColección Nacional de Anfibios y Reptiles, Instituto de Biología UNAMEALC Ernest A. Liner Collection of HerpetologyENCB Colección Herpetológica, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasENEPI Colección Herpetológica, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales, Unidad Iztacala, UNAMFMNHDivision of Amphibians and Reptiles, Field Museum of Natural HistoryFSM-UFCollection of Herpetology, Florida State Museum, University of FloridaFWMSHFort Worth Museum of Sciences and HistoryLACMCollection of Herpetology, Herpetology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles CountyLSUMZCollection of Herpetology, Museum of Zoology, Biological Sciences Division, Louisiana State UniversityMCZCollection of Herpetology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University CambridgeMNHUK Museum of Natural History, Division of Herpetology, University of KansasMZFC-UNAMColección Herpetológica, Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”, Facultad de Ciencias UNAMMVZCollection of Herpetology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California BerkeleySDNHMCollection of Herpetology, Herpetology Department, San Diego Natural History MuseumTCWCCollection of Herpetology, Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection, Texas A&M UniversityTNHCCollection of Herpetology, Texas Natural History Collection, University of Texas AustinTUCollection of Herpetology, Biology Department, Tulane University, New OrleansUAZAmphibians and Reptiles Collection, University of ArizonaUCMCollection of Herpetology, University of Colorado MuseumUIMNHCollection of Herpetology, University of Illinois Museum of Natural HistoryUIUCCollection of Herpetology, Museum of Natural History, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUMMZCollection of Herpetology, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan Ann ArborUSNMCollection of Herpetology, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionUTAMMMerriam Museum, University of Texas ArlingtonUTEPCollection of Herpetology, Laboratory of Environmental Biology, Biological Sciences Department, University of Texas - El Pasohttp://amphibiaweb.org) and reptile names follow Amphibian names follow Lampropeltispolyzona for L.triangulum, Chiropterotritonmiquihuanus, Crotalusmorulus, Lampropeltisannulata for L.triangulum, L.annulata for L.triangulum, Amastridiumsapperi, The number of overlapping species with those neighboring states for which a recent checklist exists Hidalgo:  was deteEleutherodactylusdennisi), a species not included in this paper since the only record for this species , seems to be a misidentified longipes. AmastridiumsapperiE.  was added based on Sceloporuscowlesi was substituted for S.consobrinus based on Leaché (pers. comm.), Scincellasilvicola for S.caudaequinae based on Holcosusundulatus for H.amphigrammus based on Lampropeltistriangulum was substituted for L.annulata and L.polyzona based on Xenosaurusnewmanorum was regarded as endemic to Mexico but not to San Luis Potosí based on Ranacatesbeiana), the Common Four-clawed Gecko (Gehyramutilata), the Common House Gecko (Hemidactylusfrenatus), and the Mediterranean House Gecko (H.turcicus).San Luis Potosí is home to 182 species of amphibians and reptiles which represent 33 families and 98 genera  potentially occurring in San Luis Potosí was compiled Table , based oThe species accumulation curves for all species, amphibians, and reptiles suggest that the current list of species is close to being the likely species richness for San Luis Potosí Figure . These cSeventeen of the 41 species of Amphibians that inhabit San Luis Potosí are endemic to Mexico, two of which are restricted to small areas in the Sierra Madre Oriental around southeastern San Luis Potosí (Table Crocodylusmoreletii), is widely distributed from Tamaulipas to Central America. Three of the seven species of turtles that inhabit San Luis Potosí are endemic to Mexico, two of them to eastern Mexico and another is widely distributed in western and central Mexico (Table Ophisaurusincomptus and Lepidophymamicropholis) one is found from southern Tamaulipas to northern Hidalgo (Xenosaurusnewmanorum), another to a small area in Coahuila, Nuevo León, and San Luis Potosí (Sceloporusgoldmani), one more to northern Querétaro and adjacent San Luis Potosí (Lepidophymaocculor), and another to a small area in San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, and Hidalgo (Lepidophymagaigeae). Most of the remaining 19 lizards endemic to Mexico are distributed mainly in eastern or central Mexico, in northern Mexico (Holbrookiaapproximans), or in western and eastern Mexico  varied among the habitat types. Twenty-nine percent of amphibians in the Chihuahuan Desert were listed in IUCN categories, 72% in the Sierra Madre Oriental, 46% in the subtropics of the Sierra Madre Oriental, and 8% of the generalists. For SEMARNAT categories, 57% of amphibians in the Chihuahuan Desert, 72% in the Sierra Madre Oriental, 46% of the subtropics of the Sierra Madre Oriental, and 23% of the generalists were listed. Thus, for amphibians, species found in the Sierra Madre Oriental are the most threatened whereas the generalists were least threatened. Reptiles showed a slightly different pattern. For the IUCN listings, all habitat types had relatively few species in the protected categories . However, for SEMARNAT, 28% of reptiles in the Chihuahuan Desert, 50% from the Sierra Madre Oriental, 50% from the subtropics of the Sierra Madre Oriental, and 42% of the generalist species were in the protected categories. For reptiles, the conservation status of the species in each habitat type is more evenly distributed across the habitat types than in amphibians.The conservation status of the reptiles and amphibians in each habitat type was examined. For amphibians, the percentage of species in protected IUCN categories (PageBreakHopefully, by establishing this list of herpetofaunal species with their global and country-level conservation statuses will prompt further investigations into the amphibians and reptiles of this state, which could provide the needed information to allow for state specific, or even habitat type, conservation measures to be undertaken. Specific threats known to be present in San Luis Potosí are deforestation and habitat loss , industr


The official publication platform for this conference series is SciForum, MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, and Beijing, China. The headquarters of the conference are in the Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Biscay, Spain.There is an increasing necessity for multidisciplinary collaborations in molecular science between experimentalists and theoretical scientists, as well as among theoretical scientists from different fields. One of the more important forces driving this necessity is the accumulation of large amounts of data as a result of important advances in Cheminformatics and Molecular Sciences Experimental Techniques of data acquisition in general. In this context, we decided to create the MOL2NET International Conference Series on Multidisciplinary Sciences , and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Sciences, with the Faculty of Informatics, University of Coruña (UDC).http://sciforum.net/conference/mol2net-1). This first conference attracted more than 100 papers and 300+ authors and/or committee members representing 30+ universities of 20+ countries. Some of the world’s top universities and centers represented in the lists of committee members and/or authors were: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA; University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, CNAM Paris, France; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA; EMBL-EBI European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK; CAS Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China; ZJU Zhejiang University, Hanzhou, China. It is also important to highlight that the second edition of this conference, MOL2NET-02, is being held during all of 2016 and the first month of the 2017 (http://sciforum.net/conference/mol2net-02). The Special Issue of IJMS associated with the second edition of the conference is for 2017. This second edition keeps the modality of online participation and also started with a network of associated workshops (in-person participation) in the USA, Spain, China, and some countries of Latin America as well. MOL2NET-01, the first edition of this conference series, took place in December 2015  ,16,17,18Arabidopsis thaliana. Results to date imply that the genome-wide distribution of CDM changes is not only part of the biological signal created by the methylation regulatory machinery, but ensures the stability of the DNA molecule, preserving the integrity of the genetic message under continuous stress from thermal fluctuations in the cell environment.In one of the papers, Sánchez and Mackenzie , from thIn another work, Melo et al. , from thA team lead by Syllá-Iyarreta Veitía , from thNandy and Basak , from thPastur-Romay et al. , from thAranda et al.  reportedDe Julián-Ortiz et al. , from thConcu and Cordeiro , from thThe team of authors led by Consonni and Todeschini , from thThe team lead by Marrero-Ponce , from thBesalú et al. , from thThe team co-directed by Ul-Haq and Barak , from thRamírez and Caballero , from thChen et al. , from FuPrismatomeris tetrandra. The mammalian hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid by the cleavage of the β-1,4-glycosidic bond furnishing a tetrasaccharide molecule as the main product which is a highly angiogenic and potent inducer of inflammatory cytokines. The authors synthesized and assayed a series of ursolic acid analogues. The authors also reported molecular docking and QSAR analysis of their experimental results. They used several structural, topological and quantum chemical descriptors calculated with semi-empirical quantum chemical methods.Abdullah et al. , from thYang et al.  reportedA team lead by Martín-Santamaría , from CeN = 82). Logistic analyses were performed to determine the predictive factors associated with depressive, manic, activation, and dysphoric dimensions.Lastly, a research study lead by Arrasate and González-Pinto , from th


Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, we conclude the publication of our eleventh volume. In the past several years we have seen a profound growth in the JACMP. In 2008, the last year that my predecessor, Michael Mills, was Editor‐in‐Chief, we received a total of 142 submissions, or an average of 35.5 manuscripts per quarter. This number was exceeded by almost 25% during the first three quarters of this year. We are well on our way to receiving over 200 submissions for this calendar year. Our rejection rate remains at approximately 45%, so we anticipate significant growth in the number of manuscripts published in the JACMP.With the publication of this issue of the We are not anticipating a large number of changes going into next year. The following is one important change we are instituting for manuscripts submitted effective January 1, 2011: if any humans are involved in a study, appropriate approval from the author's institutional review board must be obtained. Authors need to indicate in the manuscript that such approval has been obtained. This approval also includes use of patient data such as treatment plans. This requirement is consistent with editorial policies in most other journals. For details about the policy, prospective authors are advised to review the Submission Guidelines.In addition, we are trying to limit the size of the JACMP. Rather than increasing our rejection rate, we are encouraging a limit 5000 words for each article. This length restriction will be a recommendation, not a requirement. Associate Editors and reviewers will be reminded of this length restriction when a manuscript is sent out for review. Authors of manuscripts that are significantly longer than 5000 words will be encouraged to restrict the length, especially by reducing the length of the Discussion section.Finally, when mentioning Associate Editors and reviewers, I would like to acknowledge their difficult and time‐consuming work in maintaining the quality of manuscripts we publish in the JACMP. Names of Associate Editors can be found below, and names of reviewers can be found in a Supplementary File.Associate Editors (including Guest Associate Editors) for Volume 11 include the following: Nzhde Agazaryan, Salahuddin Ahmad, John Antolak, Sam Beddar, Pat Cadman, Marco Carlone, Nathan Childress, Geoff Clarke, Laurence Court, Luca Cozzi, Larry DeWerd, Bill Erwin, David Followill, Kent Gifford, Michael Gossman, Rebecca Howell, Geoff Ibbott, Jennifer Johnson, Stephen Kry, James Marbach, Mary Martel, Osama Mawlawi, Charles Mayo, Moyed Miften, Eduardo Moros, Firas Mourtada, Ben Nelms, Jennifer O'Daniel, Tinsu Pan, Niko Papanikolaou, Matt Podgorsak, Joann Prisciandaro, Jim Rodgers, John Rong, Yi Rong, Isaac Rosen, Surendra Rustgi, Bill Salter, Mehrdad Sarfaraz, Jeff Shepard, Chengyu Shi, Alf Siochi, Eric Slessinger, Jason Stafford, Frank Van Den Heuvel, Lu Wang, Chuck Willis, Al Zacarias, and Ron Zhu.Thanks are extended to these individuals and reviewers, and especially to the authors, without whose contributions we would have no journal.George Starkschall, PhDEditor‐in‐ChiefNovember 15, 2010


Cécile Martin is not included in the author byline. She should be listed as the eighth author and affiliated with Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Inc. The contributions of this author are as follows: conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper.http://www.kyowakirin.com/index.html). All named authors are or were employees of Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Inc. or Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Japan at the time of their involvement in the reported study. Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Japan provided funding for the research of the study and provided support in the form of salaries for authors SK, TO, SB, RC, BG, TK, GD, CM, JL, LK, TT, and YK, but no individuals employed by the funder, other than the named authors, had any additional role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.Dr. Cécile Martin should also be included in the Funding section. The correct Funding information is as follows: This work was supported by Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. Japan (


Mr. Carsten Hullermann is not included in the author byline. He should be listed as the fifteenth author and affiliated with Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany. The contributions of this author are as follows: Data Curation, Validation, Writing–Review & Editing.


Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, we conclude our twelfth volume. Looking ahead to Volume 13, we will find several changes occurring with the Journal. The first of these changes is in the sponsorship of this periodical. As many of our readers may be aware, beginning on January 1, 2012, the American College of Medical Physics (ACMP), the sponsor of this Journal, will cease to exist, and many of the activities of the ACMP will be taken over by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). Beginning in 2012, the AAPM will sponsor two journals, a scientific journal, Medical Physics, and a clinical journal, the JACMP. Instead of reporting to the ACMP Board of Chancellors, the Journal's editorial board will report to the AAPM Board of Directors. However, you, as readers, will see no change in the nature of the manuscripts published in the JACMP, nor any change in the editorial policy, editorial procedures, or mission of the Journal.With the publication of this issue of the A change that you will see, however, is that, beginning with Volume 13, we will be increasing our publication frequency to six issues per year, rather than four. Increasing our frequency of publication is a move that we have been considering for several years, and is a consequence of the increase in number of manuscripts submitted, and subsequently accepted, for publication. We believe the increase in publication frequency will have several advantages. First of all, the turnaround for accepted manuscripts will be faster. In order to meet our publisher's requirements, the deadline date for acceptance of a manuscript for publication in Volume 13 Number 1, scheduled for publication around February 15, is October 15, 2011. Any manuscripts accepted after that date would be published in Volume 13 Number 2. With our quarterly publication schedule, the publication date would be around May 15; hence, with the increased frequency of publication, the publication would occur one month earlier. A second benefit goes to our advertisers, whose message now can reach our readers six times a year, rather than four times a year. We hope that the decrease in turnaround time, coupled with the increased frequency of the Journal, will prove to be advantageous to both our readers and our advertisers.JACMP. Names of Associate Editors can be found below, and names of reviewers can be found in a Supplementary File.Finally, I would like to acknowledge the difficult and time‐consuming work of our Associate Editors and reviewers in maintaining the high quality of manuscripts published in the Associate Editors (including Guest Associate Editors) for Volume 12 include the following: Nzhde Agazaryan, Salahuddin Ahmad, John Antolak, Peter Balter, Pat Cadman, Marco Carlone, Nathan Childress, Geoff Clarke, Laurence Court, Luca Cozzi, Larry DeWerd, Bill Erwin, Kent Gifford, Rebecca Howell, Jennifer Johnson, Tommy Knöös, Stephen Kry, Harish Malhotra, Osama Mawlawi, Charles Mayo, Moyed Miften, Mike Mills, Eduardo Moros, Firas Mourtada, Ben Nelms, Jennifer O'Daniel, Tinsu Pan, Niko Papanikolaou, Donald Peck, Matt Podgorsak, Joann Prisciandaro, Jim Rodgers, John Rong, Yi Rong, Isaac Rosen, Surendra Rustgi, Bill Salter, Mehrdad Sarfaraz, Jeff Shepard, Chengyu Shi, Alf Siochi, Eric Slessinger, Jason Stafford, Lu Wang, Chuck Willis, Kamil Yenice, Al Zacarias, and Ron Zhu.Thank you to our Associate Editors and our reviewers, and especially to our authors, without whose contributions we would have no Journal.George Starkschall, PhDEditor‐in‐ChiefNovember 15, 2011