Objective assessments of movement impairment are needed to support clinical trials and facilitate diagnosis. The objective of the current study was to determine if a rapid web‐based computer mouse test (Hevelius) could detect and accurately measure ataxia and parkinsonism.Ninety‐five ataxia, 46 parkinsonism, and 29 control participants and 229,017 online participants completed Hevelius. We trained machine‐learning models on age‐normalized Hevelius features to (1) measure severity and disease progression and (2) distinguish phenotypes from controls and from each other.r = 0.66 for UPDRS dominant arm total to r = 0.83 for the Brief Ataxia Rating Scale). A disease change model identified ataxia progression with high sensitivity. Classification models distinguished ataxia or parkinsonism from healthy controls with high sensitivity (≥0.91) and specificity (≥0.90).Regression model estimates correlated strongly with clinical scores (from Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.Hevelius produces a granular and accurate motor assessment in a few minutes of mouse use and may be useful as an outcome measure and screening tool. © 2019 The Authors.  Drug development efforts are underway for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, including cerebellar ataxias, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Parkinson‐plus syndromes. Key challenges for clinical trials include the ability to accurately diagnose early diseaseSuch challenges are amplified in children in whom norms for movement evolve rapidly with age. Furthermore, disease‐tailored clinical scoring scales are limited in their ability to measure nonprototypical phenotypes, for example, in ataxia patients with bradykinesia. Because of the complex, heterogeneous, and overlapping phenotypes in neurodegenerative diseases, it would be advantageous to complement existing assessment methods with a readily available tool that could characterize movement across a number of phenotypes.We have developed a rapid, computer mouse–based tool called Hevelius that quantifies arm function by extracting 32 features from continuous, target‐driven computer mouse trajectories . Here, we demonstrate the effectiveness of Hevelius (1) to accurately measure disease severity and (2) to distinguish patients with ataxia or parkinsonism from controls and from each other.Data from 229,017 online participants were used to develop the normative data set. Participants self‐reported coming from 158 countries, with the largest group coming from the United States (43.8%).1,185 = 19.99, P < 0.0001).One hundred and eighty‐nine patients were assessed using Hevelius in the clinic setting: 95 with cerebellar ataxia, 46 with parkinsonism, and 29 controls  were increased, and those related to movement control  were impaired compared with online controls in both ataxia and parkinsonism  total and common total score. The mean absolute error (MAE) for all was <10% of the maximum score. The MAE for Hevelius ± standard deviation (SD) in estimating BARS dominant arm score was 0.35 ± 0.30, comparable to the previously published MAE of 0.38 of expert clinicians asked to rate video recordings of the finger‐nose‐finger task.The estimates produced by the regression models correlated strongly with actual clinical scores. The correlation coefficient ranged from r = 0.89, P < 0.0001; UPDRS, r = 0.82, P < 0.0001; common score, r = 0.85, P < 0.0001).Although Hevelius measures dominant arm performance, it is equally effective for predicting dominant arm score and total score. This is not surprising given that in our data set dominant arm score and total score were highly correlated  and healthy controls with high sensitivity (≥0.91) and specificity (≥0.90); see Table A model trained to discriminate between healthy controls and early‐stage ataxia patients (BARS score of 0 in the dominant arm), yielded a sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.97.A binary classification model trained to learn which session in a pair of sessions was more severe was applied to 18 individuals with a progressive ataxia diagnosis and a repeat session . The mean interval duration between sessions was 325 days with a range of 126–469 days. In these 18 individuals, the dominant arm BARS score increased (indicating disease progression) in 8 of 18, was unchanged in 9 of 18, and decreased (indicating improvement) in 1 of 18 . The classification model predicted that 17 of 18 individuals had increased dominant arm severity at the time of their second session. One of 18 was predicted by the model to have decreased severity on the second session . These results support that Hevelius can sensitively capture arm severity progression information.Hevelius is a novel tool for performing objective, granular, and rapid assessments of dominant arm motor function. We have demonstrated that the tool can be used in children and adults and forms an interpretable and multidimensional representation of ataxia and parkinsonism.We have shown that the 32 movement features computed from computer mouse trajectories are interpretable, capture several dimensions of motor control, and vary with development and aging . Despite age adjustment enabled by the normative data set, it is conceivable that not all age‐related factors were fully removed, resulting in inflated performance estimates of classification models.Krzysztof Z. Gajos, PhD, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA: conception, organization, execution of the research project; design, execution, and review and critique of the statistical analysis; 3. writing of the first draft and review and critique of the manuscript. Katharina Reinecke, PhD, Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA: execution of research project; review and critique of manuscript. Mary Donovan, BS, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA: execution of the research project. Christopher D. Stephen, MB, ChB, Ataxia and Movement Disorders Units, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA: execution of the research project; review and critique of the manuscript. Albert Y. Hung, MD, PhD, Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA: execution of the research project; review and critique of the manuscript. Jeremy D. Schmahmann, MD, Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA: execution of the research project; 3. review and critique of the manuscript. Anoopum S. Gupta, MD, PhD, Ataxia and Movement Disorders Units, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA:. conception, organization, and execution of the research project; review and critique of the statistical analysis; writing of the first draft and review and critique of the manuscript.Krzysztof Z. Gajos, PhD, is employed by Harvard University and has received grants from NIH, NSF, and Adobe. Katharina Reinecke, PhD, is employed by the University of Washington, has received grants from NSF CAREER Grant, and gift money from Adobe Research, Microsoft, and Google CSO of Startup Augury Design Inc. Mary Donovan, BS, is employed by Massachusetts General Hospital and is a medical student at Georgetown University. Christopher D. Stephen, MB, ChB, is employ8ed by Massachusetts General Hospital, has received grants from Sanofi‐Genzyme, has receceived compensation for conducting clinical trials from Sanofi‐Genzyme, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Biogen Inc., and Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Inc. Albert Y. Hung, MD, PhD, is employed by Massachusetts General Hospital. Jeremy D. Schmahmann, MD, has stock ownership Cadent Pharmaceuticals, intellectual property rights in the Brief Ataxia Rating Scale, Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome Scale, and Cerebellar Neuropsychiatric Rating Scale and is a license holder with the General Hospital Corporation, is a consultant for Cadent and Biohaven, has given expert testimony for the Massachusetts Committee for Public Counsel Services. is on advisory boards of Cadent, National Ataxia Foundation, Society for Research on Cerebellum and Ataxias, is employed by Massachusetts General Hospital, has received honoraria from the Institute of Neurology Queen Square, British Neuropsychiatric Association, Spanish Neurological Society, New York University Langone Medical Center, American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Association, Department of Neurology Emory University, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein School of Medicine, has received royalties from Oxford University Press, Elsevier, Springer, MacKeith Press, has received grants from National Ataxia Foundation, NIH, US Army Medical Research, and has received compensation for conducting clinical trials and sponsored research from Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Inc. Anoopum S. Gupta, MD, PhD, was a consultant for Biogen, Inc., is employed by Massachusetts General Hospital, has received grants from Ataxia‐Telangiectasia Children's Project, Biogen, Inc.Appendix S1: Supplementary MethodsClick here for additional data file.


Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-020-60897-4, published online 06 March 2020Correction to: In the HTML and PDF of the original version of this Article Hye Seung Lee was incorrectly affiliated with “Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea” The correct affiliations for Hye Seung Lee are listed below.Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.Additionally, the Supplementary Figure S1 file contained errors in the affiliation list where affiliations 2, 4 and 6 were omitted. As a result, affiliation 3 was listed as affiliation 2, affiliation 5 was listed as affiliation 3 and affiliation 7 was listed as affiliation 4.These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, and in the accompanying Supplementary Information file.


In the original publication of this article, the author Serghei Mangul was erroneously listed with a second affiliation: Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90 090, USA, which has been removed from the author byline. The authors regret this error.


Background: Dementia, a significant cognitive impairment, is characterized by a decline in memory. It affects an individual’s mood and behavior, which can impair their quality of life and well-being. Studies show that the demand for applying music as a new therapy method for dementia has increased during the last decades. Objective: To review the studies conducted on the impacts of music on different symptoms of dementia and provide readers with a more detailed picture of the efficacy of music, and recognize gaps in the literature. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in the Cochrane Library (1938), Embase (773), Medline and PubMed (700), PsycINFO (89), and Scopus (218) databases. The search was comprised of all the literature from 2010 to 2020. For the search, key terms including “Dementia” AND “music” OR “music intervention” OR “music therapy” and index terms “clinical trial” OR “randomized controlled trials” were used. Finally, after screening 891 citations, 30 studies were included. Results: In general, it was observed that in most cases, music could be used as one of the safe and cost-effective non-pharmacological approaches for dementia treatment. However, in some studies, no impact or short-term effect of music on some symptoms of dementia such as wandering, agitation, and cognition was detected. Conclusion: Observing no effect or even negative impact of music on people living with dementia could be due to a random selection of music, fewer individuals, and the lack of a standard protocol. High heterogeneity in outcomes did not allow for clear conclusions on the benefits of music in dementia. This demands a comprehensive non-pharmacological music treatment approach to be designed for each stage of dementia to be employed alongside pharmacological treatments. This study proposes 13 gaps in the research on the health impact of music on dementia that could be studied by future researchers. Dementia is an umbrella term for several progressive diseases such as Alzheimer’s that affect memory, language, problem-solving, and the individual’s thinking ability, which interfere with their daily living activities . People There are various kinds of therapy methods for managing dementia symptoms: pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Although evidence shows that pharmacological therapy can delay and somewhat control behavioral disorders in PWD, it cannot cure dementia . Some poSeveral physiological and psychosomatic benefits of music have been mentioned in the literature.Biological/physiological: The physiological effect of music helps to balance vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and hormone levels [e levels ,18.Behavioral and psychological: The psychological effects of music help to reduce mood fluctuations and behavioral disorders such as depression, agitation, and aggression [gression ,19,20,21Cognitive: Music also boosts communication skills, the quality of life, well-being, intimacy, memory, self and environmental awareness, the ability to distinguish between the surroundings and moments of the day, and managing pain [ing pain ,22,23. Aing pain ,24. PWD Emotional: Music engages the individual’s attention (apathy) and helps them enjoy their life, improves their self-esteem, and communication, which leads to improvement in behavior [behavior . People behavior .To retain the music benefits, people with dementia need to receive regular music treatment, which is approximately two to three times a week . OverallMusic intervention can be performed at home or in residential aged care facilities, as individual  or groupSpecific symptoms of dementia such as depression ,20,36,37Group music therapy ;Specific stage or type of dementia ,41,46; Recorded music ;Music and exercise ;Assessment tools for measuring music’s impact ;Residents living in a residential aged care facility ; andIndividualized music .Previous review studies have limited their focus to the following aspects: The main aim of this review was to investigate music’s efficacy on people living with dementia by exploring the changes in the different symptoms of dementia including a broader setting. We also provide readers with a more detailed picture of the music’s efficacy by analyzing the gaps in previous studies and suggesting more appropriate research design and methodological considerations that need to be addressed in future studies.Intervention typeThe focus of the studyExperiment designTherapy approachIntervention settingEvaluation scales and results The objective of this meta-narrative review was to investigate the publications using a qualitative approach and systematic review by highlighting the contrasts and similarity on music’s efficacy. Electronic searches in the Cochrane Library (1938), Embase (773), Medline and PubMed (700), PsycINFO (89), and Scopus (218) databases were performed to find all of the peer-reviewed publications in English that had the keywords and search terms “Dementia”, “music”, “music intervention”, “music therapy”, “clinical trial”, and “randomized controlled trials” in their titles and abstracts. The time frame chosen for this search was from 2010 to 2020. In general, studies that fit in all of the following criteria were included in this review:Papers that did not have any details about one of the criteria as above-mentioned have not been included in this review. Additional articles were identified through a review of reference lists of included articles, titles, and abstracts. Identified citations were exported into Mendeley, and duplicates were removed.Among the 891 studies, only 30 met the inclusion criteria and were selected for further investigation .We extracted data on the study areas, type of dementia, intervention design, number of participants, study environment, conductor of the study, measurement scales, and results. The measurement and results are summarized in the Previous studies have identified some areas that need to be covered to draw clear conclusions on music’s efficacy for PWD. Some of the suggested areas such as combining MT with other activities ,47,49, dControl group: To compare individuals living with dementia who experience music treatment and others who only receive pharmacological treatment or are involved in other activities, it is necessary to divide people with dementia into two groups: a control group or a study group. Although sixteen papers out of 30 [ut of 30 ,58,59,60ut of 30 ,67,68,69ut of 30 ,55 with Gender: Although researchers have included different genders  in their study, only one of the studies identified music’s impact based on gender [n gender . In thisSample size: The sample size of the studies varied from eight to 165 participants. In several studies, the sample size of the experiment was less than ten [than ten ,58,61,70than ten , where ethan ten ,69 incluLong-term effect: Some studies have found that music had a short-term impact, but it is unclear if music can be beneficial in the long-term. Only two studies reported long-term [ong-term ,34, one ong-term , and oneong-term . In one ong-term , residenong-term . As a reLive or recorded music: Music intervention sessions are conducted either as a recorded [recorded ,66,67,69recorded  based onrecorded ,59,61,65recorded  selectedrecorded ,26, recorecorded ,51,58,68recorded ,70 selecrecorded ,63,67,70recorded ,52,54,65Music intervention or music therapy: Researchers have sometimes mixed the definition of music intervention (music medicine) with music therapy and considered any types of music treatment as music therapy. Among the 30 reviewed studies, only nine of them considered music therapy [ therapy ,64,68,70 therapy ,68,70 or therapy ,34 modes therapy ,64. Musi therapy ,57,59,67 therapy ,64,65,69 therapy ,50. Alth therapy . While m therapy ,50, reseSelecting appropriate music and professional therapists: The music treatment approach aims to decrease the costs, and it is not obvious that it is necessary to hire professional music therapists to conduct music sessions, or medical personnel can conduct the therapy session. While some researchers have tried to use PWD’s favorite song [ite song ,56,62,64ite song ,58,61,63ite song ,64,70. TPhysiological impact: In addition to changes in psychological data, dementia may cause changes in physiological signals. One study [ne study  found thne study ,71. In oLack of an exact measurement scale: Although most of the studies employed quantitative measurement mechanisms that used clinical scales, some researchers did not apply any particular measurement scale. Some researchers have monitored changes in PWD’s moods and behavior by observing and analyzing their body or facial expressions [ressions ,57,65, oressions ,63,70. ICombination of music with pharmacological methods: One study [ne study  pointed Combination of music with other activities: Although some studies have proved that listening to music and being involved with social activities positively impact dementia symptoms, only nine studies combined various activities such as playing games, solving word-puzzles, gardening, and engaging in mental or physical activities [tivities ,59,60,68tivities . Severaltivities . In anottivities , short-tImpact on agitation, wandering, and cognition: The impact of music treatment on the agitation, wandering, and cognition of individuals with moderate or severe dementia is not completely clear. While seven out of 30 studies discussed a reduction in agitation [gitation ,55,57,65gitation . Anothergitation  did not Benefits of music for family members and caregivers: In one study, it was mentioned that music therapy could also increase caregivers’ satisfaction [sfaction . The impThis meta-narrative review on the previous studies indicated some improvement in the physiological or psychosomatic behaviors of people living with dementia after music intervention ,57,67,70Overall, these studies have focused on the short-term impacts of music on people with dementia. One of the drawbacks with the previous studies is using the terms incorrectly in the literature and referring to any type of musical intervention as a music therapy. Thus, it is important to distinguish between using music intervention and music therapy. Music intervention or therapy has mixed outcomes, which do not guarantee it as a long-term therapy solution. Therefore, to have more reliable results, high-quality longitudinal, cross-sectional studies should be conducted to identify the confounding factors. Additionally, a bigger sample size with both control and study groups is needed. Additionally, controlling for pharmacological therapy and other intervention methods could be beneficial for investigation into the impact of music in isolation and also in combination with other treatments. Additionally, researchers should examine whether recorded music can have the same outcome as live music, which would decrease the cost for hospitals and nursing facilities. Fewer studies on personalized music intervention ,54,57 deOne of the symptoms of dementia is changes in vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and vitamin deficiency. This review found three papers that considered vital signs ,58,71 giAdditionally, only two papers considered the benefits of music for family members and caregivers ,68, whicOverall, for future research, it is beneficial to consider all aspects of the methodological considerations discussed in this review including gender, control group, sample size, long-term effects, whether it is live or recorded, receptive or active music intervention or therapy, personalized or selected music by caregivers or music therapists. Furthermore, combining music treatment with other activities that involves both PWD and their family or caregivers may be beneficial, along with targeted pharmacological treatments.


Edible crickets are among the praised insects that are gaining recognition as human food and livestock feed with a potential of contributing to food security and reduction of malnutrition. Globally, the sustainable use of crickets as food or feed is undermined by lack of information on the number of the edible crickets, the country where they are consumed, and the developmental stages consumed. Furthermore, lack of data on their nutritional content and the potential risks to potential consumers limits their consumption or inclusion into other food sources. We reviewed published literature on edible cricket species, countries where they are consumed, and the stage at which they are consumed. We further reviewed information on their nutritional content, the safety of cricket consumption, and the sensory qualities of the edible crickets. We also looked at other benefits derived from the crickets, which include ethnomedicine, livestock feed, pest management strategies, contribution to economic development, and livelihood improvement, particularly in terms of use as food preservatives and use within music, sports, and cultural entomology. Lastly, we reviewed information on the farming of edible crickets. In this review, we report over 60 cricket species that are consumed in 49 countries globally. Nutritionally, crickets are reported to be rich in proteins, ranging from 55 to 73%, and lipids, which range from 4.30 to 33.44% of dry matter. The reported amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is 58% of the total fatty acids. Edible crickets contain an appreciable amount of macro- and micro-mineral elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper. Also, the crickets are rich in the required amount of vitamins such as B group vitamins and vitamins A, C, D, E, and K. Overall, the cricket species examined in this review are safe to be consumed, and they display high proximate content that can replace plant and livestock products. The crickets play valuable roles in contributing to the economies of many countries and livelihoods, and they have medicinal and social benefits. This review is expected to promote greater recognition of crickets as a source of food, feed, and other benefits in the world and encourage up-scaling by farming them for sustainable utilization. Brachytrupes membranaceus , 38Brachus icipe .Jongema  documentCrickets have been consumed as food in Asia, Latin America, and Africa as far back as prehistoric times. In Biblical scriptures, cricket consumption is recommended to the Israelites by God to be fit for their consumption: “these you may eat any kind of locust, katydid, cricket or grasshopper” (Leviticus 11: 22). In China, crickets have been consumed as food for over 2,000 years , 39. In A. domesticus to be two-fold as compared to that of broiler chickens and pigs, four-fold compared to that of sheep, and more than 12-fold compared to that of cattle. Moreover, crickets may be produced on locally available food substrates such as agro byproducts and weeds, and they thus aid in cleaning the environment  and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mineral elements, carbohydrates, energy, and the ease of farming make crickets promising as a sustainable food source , 48. Theironment , 29, 51.ironment , 44, 45.ironment . House cWhile edible crickets are found to be rich sources of proteins and other nutrients , 53, theCrickets are non-wood wild products found in natural resources all around the globe apart from cooler regions at latitudes 55° and beyond; the greatest species abundance is found in the tropics where temperatures are warm and suitable for their faster development compared to cold regions . CricketEdible crickets are excellent sources of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and vitamins . HoweverBrachytrupes sp. and 83.9% for A. domesticus  per 100 g of dry weight . The enelt stage , 61  and arachidonic acid (50.43 g/100 g of dry matter) are the most abundant fatty acids in Brachytrupes sp. and B. portentosus, respectively , and palmitic acid (C16 fatty acid) as compared to other fatty acids , 73, 115ectively . The seccalities , 58, 114Tarbinskiellus portentosus, G. testaceus, G. assimilis, A. domesticus, A. confirmata, Brachytrupes sp., and B. portentosus have higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to pork and broiler chicken meat  compared to pork and broiler chicken meat. Most of the crickets in our review, except for G. bimaculatus and T. emma, have more essential fatty acids than the pork and broiler chicken. Crickets generally have more unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) compared to saturated fatty acids (SFA) , and some cancers affecting human beings, are due to the consuming of SFA  , 61. A nd to UFA . This dig of SFA . Consumpg of SFA .Gryllus bimaculatus cricket contains the highest amount while Brachytrupes sp. contains the least amount of calcium  is applied to patients suffering from athlete's foot for treatment  diet containing 100, 75, 50, 25, and 0% fish meal can be successfully changed to contain 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% G. bimaculatus crickets, respectively . Gathering crickets from farms and consuming them as food can also help in reducing pesticide use in controlling these cricket pests. This, in return, can protect the environment from pollution, minimizing the killing of other useful insects and poisoning of consumers . This practice of allowing crickets to fight was later declared illegal during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911 CE). Currently, however, cricket fighting is legal, and it has become a common sporting activity in many Chinese cities, such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Huwan, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Tianjin, where cricket fighting clubs and societies have been formed . CricketCrickets have contributed a lot to the shaping of literature, art, and doctrine in societies around the world—referred to as cultural entomology . ContribThe crickets have also played different roles in folklore and superstition in different parts of the globe. In this perspective, some communities hold a lot of esteem for crickets since they believe that once you hear the song of the cricket it spells good fortune, although others say it is a bad omen when a cricket makes noise around you. In China, for instance, the crickets have been implicated to foretell the coming of rain, death, or the returning of a lover who has been away . MoreoveScapteriscus and Neocurtilla, Gryllotalpidae) that enters into the house of a Brazilian brings both good luck and rainfall  . The othA. domesticus and Brachytrupes. The results showed that various types of Enterobacteriaceae and sporulating bacteria can be identified and subsequently seperated from raw crickets entering them most likely during contact with the soil , the short-tail cricket B. portentosus, and T. portentosus  , 189. Extentosus , 189–191he globe .A. domesticus, G. bimaculatus. They, however, prefer rearing G. bimaculatus, which form a greater portion of the Thai production since G. bimaculatus has a short lifecycle and is stronger and hardy, though less popular than A, domestica , brown field cricket (G. assimilis), and two-spotted field cricket (G. bimaculatus) are the common crickets bred in Europe and for industrial processing . A grant from the Danish government facilitates the technology transfer of cricket farming through GREENiNSECT project that supports “the rearing and eating crickets as a delicious, affordable and healthy solution for malnutrition.” The project has accelerated, leading to the establishment of small-scale cricket farms in L. Victoria region, which was the initial point of introduction in Kenya and Uganda. From this point of introduction, cricket farming has spread to other regions, such as central Kenya and the coast of Kenya. Three cricket species, S. icipe, A. domesticus, and G. bimaculatus are reared (Scapsipedus icipe and A. domesticus are most popular among farmers because they are softer than G. bimaculatus. In Kenya, there are about 300 cricket farmers who produce 28,800 kg of crickets per year (In Africa, cricket farming is at its infancy stage in countries such as Kenya, Uganda, Mali, and Madagascar , 202. Cre reared , 204. Inper year . The criper year , the larper year ,. The yiFarming of crickets requires varying degrees of labor input during the rearing cycle . Each daicipe have already assessed hygienic and toxicological and microbial risks related to edible crickets, more research on their composition and nutrient profile should be carried out to fully implement edible crickets as food into the global legislation documents. Currently, there are only a few cricket species that are farmed. The farmers must be encouraged to start rearing other species of crickets that have not yet been confined. Also, animal breeders should try to find out whether it is possible to crossbreed the crickets with a long lifecycle with the ones with a short lifecycle.The current study has shown that consuming crickets as food by human beings is traditionally practiced in 49 countries around the world. Over 60 cricket species are known to be edible. Crickets are a highly nutritious food resource and may therefore be included in the list of the common diet of global consumers in the future. These crickets could also be used as nutritional supplements for special diets for schoolchildren, sick people, and athletes. Inclusion of potentially suitable species of crickets into the normal diet requires defined and standardized conditions of their rearing as well as the detailed monitoring of their composition, including biologically active compounds. Though the EFSA and Edible crickets have become popular in the past few years not only in the scientific literature but in other platforms as well. One of the major advantages of eating crickets is their impressive nutritional composition. Many sources report that crickets have better nutritional characteristics than traditional protein sources. In our research, we aimed to give a complete picture of edible crickets in the world, their nutritional profile and other benefits. The materials we used are published results of different authors from the past few years. The list of crickets provided by various authors' shows that there are 66 crickets that are consumed as food and feed in the world and crickets generally have a better nutritional profile than other meats. Based on our findings, crickets have a promising nutritional profile in terms of energy, protein, lipids and important fatty acids, mineral elements vitamins, carbohydrate and medicinal elements and may become part of many food products in future. As an enterprise, cricket farming, can mitigate food insecurity, act as a source of income when sold and a source of employment. The present review provides comprehensive information on the diversity of crickets, their nutritional values and their potential to contribute to the livelihood of mankind.HM, SN, MA, MM, SE, JE, EK, JO, SH, KF, MO, NR, and CT: conceptualization, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing. HM, SN, EK, and SH: data curation. HM, SN, EK, SE, and MM: formal analysis. HM, SN, MA, MM, SH, NR, SE, JE, EK, and KF: methodology. HM, SN, and EK: software. SN, MM, JE, SE, SH, CT, and KF: validation. HM: investigation. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


Biosensors and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have witnessed rapid development and enormous interest over the past decades. Constant advancements in diagnostic, medical, and chemical applications have been demonstrated with regard to several platforms and tools. Biosensors, relying on various sensing platforms such as surface plasmon resonance, piezoelectric, electrochemical, lab-on-a-chip, and paper, have been broadly used in research. Covering various excitation and readout schemes, MEMS devices transduce physical parameter changes, such as mass, temperature, or stress changes, caused by alterations in anticipated measurands, to electrical signals that can be further processed. Common examples of MEMS platforms include accelerometers, magnetic field sensors, pressure sensors, radiation sensors, microphones, and particulate matter sensors.In total, nine papers are published in this Special Issue, covering biosensors and MEMS-based diagnostics applications ,6,7,8,9.This Special Issue also covers three comprehensive reviews written by the research groups of Külah, Altintas, and Bui and Medintz, respectively ,8,9. ThiI would like to take this opportunity to thank all of the authors for submitting their papers to this Special Issue. I also want to thank all of the reviewers for dedicating their time and helping to improve the quality of the submitted papers.


To the Editor—Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection ranging from mild respiratory illness  to severe illness 1 that has caused an unprecedented global crises in <90 days in all 206 countries of the world.2 Today, most of the world’s major cities are in full quarantine and all social and economic behaviors have been limited due to the SARS-Cov-2 outbreak. Controlling the spread of the virus has become one of the most important challenges for governments across the globe. The increase in COVID-19 cases in the advanced industrial countries, including Italy, Germany, France, Spain, and United States, reflects the rapid spread of the virus. As of April 4, 2020, the following countries have been most affected: Italy, with a populations of almost 60 million, has ~119,827 COVID-19 patients . Germany, with a population of almost 82 million, has ~85,778 COVID-19 patients . France, with a population of almost 66 million, has ~63,536 COVID-19 patients . Spain, with a population of almost 46 million, has ~117,710 patients . And the United States, with a population of 320 million, has ~241,703 patients . The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly increasing. Iran, with a population of almost 81 million, has ~44,605 COVID-19 patients, with 2,898 deaths (Fig. 35 Iran formed a headquarters for the COVID-19 crisis on February 23, when the virus count was ~15 people per day. In contrast, in Italy, the COVID-19 crisis headquarters was formed on March 13, when the outbreak count was ~2,500 per day. Also, these countries’ respective health ministries published safety and prevention guidelines for many locations, especially crowded centers including hospitals, clubs, transportation systems, schools, etc, in the early days of the outbreak. They also sought widespread collaboration with NGOs and volunteers as well as extensive intragovernmental collaboration to ensure the observation of safety protocols to control the spread of disease. Although traffic and concentration laws as well as heavy fines were not considered in the early days, these collaborations ultimately resulted in an 80% reduction in traffic between cities and as well as in social gatherings and even family gatherings. Ultimately, all of these measures have led Iran to better control the spread of the virus than other aforementioned industrialized countries. Nevertheless, Iran has a long way to go to achieve complete control of the pandemic.For example, Italy, with an outbreak date similar to that of Iran, has more than twice the disease incidence rate of Iran. According to reports released by the ministries of health in Iran and Italy,6 This experience and history are expected to be very useful and effective in controlling COVID-19.Because Iran is located among neighboring countries in a very high-risk area for many diseases, including tuberculosis, rabies, Crimean Congo fever, cholera, brucella, malaria, polio, and some others, it has been even more successful in controlling such diseases than the United States.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 4. Instead of “Department of Cardiovascularology, the Affiliated Donghua Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China”, it should be “Department of Cardiovascularology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, China.”The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, the world was forced to adopt strong public health measures, such as travel restrictions, physical distancing, and self-isolation. Prolonged periods of self-isolation, like the one imposed by the ongoing pandemic, may have serious repercussions on people's mental health . For exaWe conducted a search on August 8th, 2020 for peer-reviewed publications in English using three databases: PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science. We searched for publications that had the following keywords in their titles: “alcohol” or “drinking” or “smoking” or “nicotine” or “cigarette” or “cigarettes” or “cigar” or “cigars” and “COVID-19” or “pandemic” or “SARS-CoV-2,” a search that led to ~300 publications. We found two publications regarding potential changes in tobacco use patterns due to the pandemic in the general population. One, a study describing a survey conducted in the United States of America (USA), where almost half of the respondents reported no changes in their smoking patterns, and about a quarter reported having reduced their cigarette smoking . There wRegarding alcohol use, we found a publication reporting an increase in alcohol sales during the early stages of the pandemic in the UK . We alsoTo complement this search, the authors also looked for country-specific information regarding restrictions on alcohol and tobacco sales, if there were any, and changes in patterns of alcohol and tobacco use in their respective countries. To conduct this search, the first and last authors invited fellow mental health professionals, members of a team connected through the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) , to sharRestrictions on alcohol sales as a response to the pandemic vary among countries represented in our team, within a continuum that goes from total alcohol ban to no restrictions besides those caused by physical distancing. In India, for example, there was a nationwide alcohol ban during initial stages of lockdown , which sIn most countries, however, even during stricter lockdown periods, alcohol sales have been allowed in liquor stores, supermarkets, and retailers. In Nigeria, alcoholic beverages are considered essential commodities, with liquor stores exempted from the lockdown , despiteThere have been no restrictions on tobacco sales in any of the contributing authors' countries. However, in Colombia, cigar shops can only remain open as long as they also distribute food and basic necessities. In India and the USA, accessibility to tobacco via retailers has varied across states. In the USA, there were reports of tobacco sale increases , 37. An Our findings concur with the suggestions made by other authors that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, tobacco and alcohol use patterns have been influenced by societal and cultural processes, as well as by local alcohol control policies , 41. We The pandemic has led the world to recognize the need for global action in order to support people's health and well-being. It is necessary for all countries to develop measures that will support the entire population during this time of crisis, including people with a substance use disorder. These measures should incorporate effective demand, supply, and harm reduction strategies to reduce risky substance use and substance-related harm. In regard to alcohol and tobacco, potential ways forward include revising local alcohol and tobacco licensing systems and reducing hours of sale, reducing availability via carry out and delivery services, promoting help seeking and reducing stigma around it, providing sustained public health promotion campaigns, and fostering diversion initiatives that could be conducted while observing physical distancing. It is of the utmost importance for any strategy to be evidence informed, locally relevant, culturally appropriate, and equitable. In other words, it is relevant and necessary local actions that would lead to global impact, and the time for action is now.RRam and PG developed the concept of this manuscript and discussed it with FA, DG, SE, JG-D, AL, LO, VP-S, MPC, RRan, MS, and ZS. FA, DG, SE, JG-D, AL, LO, VP-S, RRan, MS, ZS, and PG provided country-specific information. RRam and PG wrote the initial draft and FA, DG, SE, JG-D, AL, LO, VP-S, MPC, RRan, MS, and ZS edited and approved the final version for submission. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


In the published article, there was an error regarding the affiliations for Zhan-Qiang Wang, Kuo Li, Tian-Tian Huo, and Pei-Yuan Lv. All of these authors are also affiliated to the Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.Additionally, there was an error in the original affiliation 3, now amended to be affiliation 4. Instead of “Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China” it should be “No. 2 Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China.”The authors apologize for these errors and state that they do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-020-59120-1, published online 10 February 2020Correction to: In the original version of this Article, Alice Ballone was incorrectly affiliated with ‘Faculty of Biosciences, and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy’. The correct affiliation is listed below.Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), University of Pompeu Fabra and Icrea, Barcelona, Spain.This error has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.


Michael L. Beeton was not included as an author in the published article. The corrected Author Contributions Statement appears below.in vivo model and performed the animal experiments. CH carried out the laboratory analyses with the support from NR, LK, and GR. CH, IL, MH, KL, VM, WB, BK, WG, and TW contributed to the interpretation of the results. CH and IL wrote the manuscript with the input from all authors. WG and TW supervised the project. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version.CH, IL, MH, WG, and TW conceived the original idea. MS, HU, SS, OS, MB, MP, JN, AJ, and MK designed the The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


Journal of Animal Science and Technology, “since May 2020, the article processing time has stably decreased. It is believed that the article processing time will continue to become shorter, as time spent at home will increase in the future” [Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions (JEEHP) is not an exception. The number of submitted manuscripts has increased by 95% in 2020 . JEEHP has also published some articles related to COVID-19, including an editorial [This year began with the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has dramatically influenced all aspects of life for people throughout the world, including editors. A striking trend has been a marked increase in the number of submissions to journals. For instance, the number of submitted manuscripts increased by 42% in 2020, compared with an average expected increase of 11% during 2016–2019, in the neurosurgical, stroke neurology, and neurointerventional literature [ future” . The Jouditorial .There is still no substantive, evidence-based reason to think that the present situation will change until at least the end of 2021. Despite promising advances in vaccine development and chemotherapeutic drugs, large-scale trials will be necessary to determine their efficacy.The COVID-19 pandemic has presented tremendous challenges for teachers and instructors at all levels of education. At my medical school, lectures have moved online in the form of video files or real-time lectures, but laboratory and clinical practice has continued to involve face-to-face activities from February to November of this year. Personally, as an instructor, I have found it difficult to implement problem-based learning or team-based learning (TBL) through an online platform. The issue is not that the transition to an online environment is likely to diminish students’ academic performance, since medical students in Korea are excellent at organizing their knowledge and acquiring skills; instead, the problem relates to the thought processes instilled by student-centered learning which enables the mutual learning and growth among peers. I wonder whether the transition to online learning may affect graduates’ competency, including social relationships. In Singapore, an online TBL platform was provided to teachers and students. In this system, the group of students could communicate through a separate communication platform, distinct from class-wide discussions . The imphttps://www.jeehp.org/).I received a letter from an author who submitted a manuscript to the journal this August, stating that she stopped the procedure “because the journal is not indexed in Journal Citation Report (JCR).” This manuscript had already been revised twice according to the reviewers’ and editors’ comments—in other words, the manuscript was withdrawn at the stage of its final acceptance. Reviewers’ and editors’ time should not be wasted in this way. I have been frequently asked whether JEEHP is indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE). The indexing and abstracting status of JEEHP is clearly presented on its website  in health education. I am not sure when the JEEHP will be listed in SCIE, as desired by many potential authors. If the 2-year impact factor reaches the 2nd quartile  in the corresponding category, it will be re-evaluated by Clarivate Analytics. However, JEEHP still did not reach that status in 2020, as described below.In a recent article, Tennant  sharply The countries of the authors who published articles in JEEHP this year, as well as the total cites from Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Crossref metadata, were analyzed. The 2-year impact factors calculated by the Web of Science were also calculated for recent years, although these are not official impact factors. In 2020, half of the articles were from Korean authors . This laKorean Journal of the Academic Society of Nursing Education, and 4 from the Korean Medical Education Review. One review was the report from the Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation (KIMEE). The 2 educational/faculty development materials consisted of 1 guideline published in a booklet on extravasation and 1 training material containing the Korean Government’s guideline on COVID-19  infection when caring for a patient or suspected case” has been cited 50 times according to Crossref metadata  will be Due to the increased number of submissions, 74 reviewers from 19 countries were invited this year. Without their help, it would not be possible to publish the journal. JEEHP is deeply indebted to them. Below are the reviewers’ names and affiliations by country.Australia: Michael Field, University of Sydney; Boaz Shulruf, University of New South WalesArgentina: Raul Alfredo Borracci, Austral UniversityCanada: Oksana Babenko, University of Alberta; Armson Heather, University of CalgaryChina: Yanhua Yi, Guangxi Medical UniversityDenmark: Steven Arild Wuyts Andersen, RigshospitaletIndia: Irfan Ali, Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital; Thalanjeri Padmini, Yenepoya Medical College; Khanna Vinay, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationIran: Mohammad Esmaiel Hajinezhad, Iran University of Medical ScienceItaly: Fabrizio Consorti, Università Sapienza of RomeKorea: Duck Sun Ahn, World Federation for Medical Education; Hyung-Joon Ahn, Yonsei University; Ara Cho, Catholic University of Korea; Younyoung Choi, Hanyang Cyber University; Kyungsook Choi, Chung-Ang University; Cheol-Woon Chung, Catholic Kwandong University; Young Eun, Gyeongsang National University; Geum-Hee Jeong, Hallym University; Sunho Jung, Kyunghee University; Min Hyeok Kang, Busan Catholic University; Chul-Gyu Kim, Chungbuk National University; Sue Kim, Yonsei University; Sun Kim, Catholic University of Korea; Youngjon Kim, Wonkwang University; Ji-Woon Ko, Sunmoon University; Suk Bong Ko, Catholic University of Daegu; Young Hwan Lee, Yeungnam University; Kyunghee Lee, Shinhan University; Sujung Lee, Hallym University; Yonghee Lee, Korea University; Eunyoung Lim, Korean Institute Curriculum and Evaluation; Deuk-Sang Ma, Gangneung-Wonju National University; Mikyung Moon, Kyungpook National University; Younjae Oh, Hallym University; Bohyun Park, Changwon National University; Kwi Hwa Park, Gachon University; Dong Gi Seo, Hallym University; Yeonok Suh, Soonchunhyang University; Eun Young Suh; Seoul National University; Sanghee Yeo, Kyungpook National University; Mira Yun, Chung-Ang UniversityMexico: Gonzalez Fernanda, Universidad Autónoma de TamaulipasPakistan: Gardezi Syed Adeel Hussain, Combined Military Hospital; Khadija Qamar, Aga Khan University; Iqbal Waseem, College of Physicians and Surgeons PakistanPalestine: Ramzi Shawahna, An-Najah National UniversitySaudi Arabia: Mohammed Abdulrahman, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science; Badr Alsayed, University of Tabuk; Amira Fraghely, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversitySpain: Jorge Riqueleme Galindo, University of AlicanteUnited Arab Emirates: Indira Kannan, Tawam HospitalUK: Cleopatra Branch, Universities of Greenwich and Kent; Aaron Courtenay, Ulster University; Matt Homer, University of Leeds; Adam Rathbone, University of NewcastleUSA: Neeka Akhavan, University of Florida; Lynch Amanda, Oakland University; Erin Breitenbach, A.T. Still University; Stalvey Carolyn, University of Washington; Cathy Chang, Baylor College of Medicine; Eugene Jones, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Myunghee Jun, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay; Linda Konecny, A.T. Still University; Sara Lolar, Wayne State University; Anna Miller-Fitzwater, Wake Forest Medical School; Takara Page, Ascension Health; Betty Del Rio Rodriguez, Baylor College of Medicine; Thongpriwan Vipavee, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Hon Yuen, University of Alabama at BirminghamZambia: Aubrey Chichonyi Kalungia, University of Zambia; Ogah Nike, University of ZambiaCountry unidentified: Manguiat Jose-SebastianTom Huh, a graduate student of the Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, voluntarily made the audio recordings of some abstracts.I will consider adopting artificial intelligence for editing and publishing . Some prThe editor’s job has been very hard for me since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the rapid increase in submissions. As mentioned above, 230 manuscripts were rejected without peer review. Rejecting a submission is a serious decision, and the editor and the editorial team should read manuscripts thoroughly before making that choice. Furthermore, more reviewers should also devote themselves to reading manuscripts and writing reviews. Next year, we will do our best to select more scientifically described and well-written articles according to the journal’s style and format in order to save the reviewers time and to reduce their burden.The COVID-19 pandemic may last until the end of 2021. We have trained medical and health personnel to combat this viral disease and to reduce its burden. Thanks to our collective efforts, the day will soon come when we will again be free from the present pandemic. I hope that all of the readers, authors, and reviewers of JEEHP will stay safe and be healthy in this pandemic period.


In “Estimated Sleep Duration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Major Metropolitan Areas on Different Continents: Observational Study of Smartphone App Data” :e20546) the authors noted one error.In the originally published paper, the name of one author cited in Reference 25 (Czeisler MÉ) was incomplete. The list of authors cited in Reference 25 originally appeared as follows:Czeisler M, Howard ME, Robbins R, Barger LK, Facer-Childs ER, Rajaratnam SM, et al.In the corrected version of the paper, the list of authors appears as follows:Czeisler MÉ, Howard ME, Robbins R, Barger LK, Facer-Childs ER, Rajaratnam SM, et al.The correction will appear in the online version of the paper on the JMIR Publications website on February 22, 2021, together with the publication of this correction notice. Because this was made after submission to PubMed, PubMed Central, and other full-text repositories, the corrected article has also been resubmitted to those repositories.


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 1. Instead of “Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China”, it should be “Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


We are waging a war against a deadly virus that has already resulted in the death of thousands of people worldwide  in middle-aged master athletes  should be avoided. Nevertheless, in times as these of a pandemic and social isolation, it is important to avoid deconditioning as it will weaken the immune function and diminish the defense against viral infections (Agha et al., The higher physical fitness, better health, lower inflammation, better redox balance, and the longer leukocyte telomere length of master athletes indicates they are not only biologically younger than their calendar age suggests, but are also expected to have a better ability to successfully face a COVID-19 disease than their frail sedentary age-matched peers .HS proposed the subject. HS, TR, CS, SA, MK, HD, and CC discussed the hypothesis and the manuscript content. HS wrote the first draft, with CS, SA, MK, and HD making initial revisions. All final revisions were shared and had contributions of HS, CC, DM-S, SA, TR, MK, and HD. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


Djuro Maçut. The correct spelling is Djuro Macut. In addition there was an error in affiliation 7. Instead of “Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,” it should be “Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.”In the article, an author's name was incorrectly spelled as The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


In “Effectiveness of an 8-Week Web-Based Mindfulness Virtual Community Intervention for University Students on Symptoms of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial” :e18595) the authors noted two errors.Member names of the group author “MVC Team” were not added to the PubMed listing of this article at the time of publishing. All member names have now been added as collaborators on the PubMed listing, as follows:Sahir Abbas, Yvonne Bohr, Manuela Ferrari, Wai Lun Alan Fung, Louise Hartley, Amin Mawani, Kwame McKenzie, Jan E Odai.As well, MVC Team was incorrectly noted as having contributed equally. This note has been removed from MVC Team. Only Christo El Morr, Paul Ritvo, and Farah Ahmad contributed equally.The correction will appear in the online version of the paper on the JMIR Publications website on September 30, 2020, together with the publication of this correction notice. Because this was made after submission to PubMed, PubMed Central, and other full-text repositories, the corrected article has also been resubmitted to those repositories.


COVID-19 has severely affected people's health and well-being, including all economic sectors, tourism, culture, and education. Along with combating the COVID-19 epidemic, fighting the “infodemic,” which refers to the rapid spread of misinformation, related to the disease on the social media is also of concern, because fake news spreads faster and easier than this virus, and just as dangerous .In Vietnam, the role of press and social media in spreading the government's information regarding COVID-19 pandemic is undeniable; however, fake news phenomenon is still substantial. A report of the Ministry of Information and Communications revealed that from 01/02 to 05/31/2020, the press had published a total of 560,048 news and articles about COVID-19 translation. According to the statistics of the police force, from the onset of the Covid-19 epidemic to the middle of March 2020, there were nearly 300,000 news articles on cyberspace, posts on websites, blogs, forums, and almost 600,000 news, articles, videos and clips related to the disease posted on social networks (Massive media bombardment regarding the lockdown period led to public speculation in Vietnam, as in many parts of the world, which was the cause of grocery shortages and great consequences. Supermarkets and grocery stores revealed out-of-stock of antibacterial gels, antibacterial wipes, detergents, and toilet paper, while pharmacy stores reported the shortage of isopropyl alcohol, latex gloves, and medical-grade masks , leadingIn response to fake news, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the government has made early predictions and concrete strategies. Since June 12, 2018, the National Assembly of Vietnam passed a cybersecurity law comprising seven chapters and 43 articles that stipulated activities to protect national security, ensure social order and safety on cyberspace, and responsibilities of agencies, organizations, and individuals involved . CyberseMoreover, the government needs to pledge to be transparent in providing information, helping people grasp promptly and take measures to prevent and fight epidemics. Solving this method also helps people have faith in the official news of the state. However, the most important thing is that every internet user needs to be alerted to select reliable information and respect seriously for Vietnamese law. Furthermore, health professionals and health workers should regularly transfer necessary knowledge about disease prevention and control to people on the social network.TTPN, DCN, ATTN, and LHN: conceptualization. TTPN, DCN, and ATTN: writing—original draft. LHN, TTPN, DCN, ATTN, GTV, CTN, THN, and HTL: writing—review and editing. CTN, THN, LHN, and GTV: project administration. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


In randomized trials, the term “double-blind”  has no standard or widely accepted definition. Agreement about which groups are blinded is poor, and authors using these terms often do not identify which groups were blinded, despite specific reporting guidelines to the contrary. Nevertheless, many readers assume—incorrectly—that they know which groups are blinded. Thus, the term is ambiguous at best, misleading at worst, and, in either case, interferes with the accurate reporting, interpretation, and evaluation of randomized trials. The problems with the terms have been thoroughly documented in the literature, and many authors have recommended that they be abandoned.We and our co-signers suggest eliminating the use of adjectives that modify “blinding” in randomized trials; a trial would be described as either blinded or unblinded. We also propose that authors report in a standard table which groups or individuals were blinded, what they were blinded to, how blinding was implemented, and whether blinding was maintained. Individuals with dual responsibilities, such as caregiving and data collecting, would also be identified. If blinding was compromised, authors should describe the potential implications of the loss of blinding on interpreting the results.“Double blind” and its derivatives are terms with little to recommend their continued use. Eliminating the use of adjectives that impart a false specificity to the term would reduce misinterpretations, and recommending that authors report who was blinded to what and how in a standard table would require them to be specific about which groups and individuals were blinded. The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place. George Bernard ShawIn reports of randomized trials, the use of the term “double-blind” and its derivatives  is commonly understood to indicate that two groups participating in the trial are kept unaware of which participants are receiving the experimental intervention and which are receiving the control intervention –6.Despite its long and widespread use, however, the term has several problems.Agreement about which groups are blinded in a double-blind trial is poor –16. For Even when using the term in an article, many authors do not identify which groups were blinded or how blinding was implemented , 16, 17.Many readers assume—incorrectly—that they know which groups are blinded in a double-blind trial Table  2–5, 11, 16. UnfThe suggestion to establish explicit definitions for the term , 18 is cbefore participants have been assigned to experimental groups, whereas blinding minimizes surveillance, expectation, and ascertainment bias after group assignment. Many readers are not aware of this difference [In randomized trials, the allocation schedule  has to be kept secret to prevent group assignment from being manipulated. That is, allocation concealment minimizes selection bias fference , 18–20, “A randomised trial can be methodologically sound and not be double blind or, conversely, double blind and not methodologically sound.” . Said anhow treatments are made indistinguishable [which groups are unaware of treatment assignment [Some authors prefer “masking” to “blinding,” although the meaning of either term in a clinical trial may not be readily apparent to nonnative English speakers , 22. Furuishable , 25, 26,signment –6. FinalThe problem with trying to identify in a single term the groups who are blinded in a trial is that the number of pairs is potentially large. The literature identifies 11 groups or individuals who could be blinded: participants, care providers, data collectors and managers, trial managers, pharmacists , laboratAs near as we can tell, despite the above problems and several calls to abandon the term , 16, 28,The terms “fully blinded” or “partially blinded” do appear in the literature, but not as substitutes for substitutes for double-blinding or single-blinding . AlthougWe considered blinding “assignment concealment ” becauseHowever, assignment concealment does not work well as a label. We concluded that “a concealed assignment trial” was unlikely to replace “a blinded trial.” Likewise, its use can be awkward: “group assignment was concealed from participants” was unlikely to replace “participants were blinded to treatment.” Further, as noted above, for better or worse, the mere use of the term “blinding” is widely considered to indicate study quality, and we concluded that authors would be unwilling to give up using this prized and familiar term. Finally, many people believed that “concealment” should be reserved for, or would be confused with, allocation concealment.The term “blinding” is so firmly established that a simple substitute term, even if we could find one, is unlikely to be acceptable. Instead, we propose two changes in reporting trials described as blinded.Our first proposal is to eliminate the use of adjectives that modify “blinded”: single-, double-, triple-, observer-, personnel-, rater-, observer-, fully or partially blinded, or any other qualifier that would make “blinded” seem more specific than it is. A trial would be described as either blinded or unblinded. Using “blinding” as a verb in a sentence would also be helpful. Such use encourages specificity by requiring a noun, usually which groups were blinded: “We blinded caregivers and data assessors” or “caregivers and data assessors were blinded.”We wholeheartedly endorse the near-universal recommendation that authors report whether or not the trial was blinded , 14–16, was or was not blinded, what information they were blinded to, how blinding was implemented, and whether blinding was maintined during the trial. The supplemental part, used when necessary, would present the same data for any other group or individual who was blinded. Individuals with dual responsibilities, such as caregiving and data collecting, would be identified in the same row heading. If blinding was compromised, authors should report the fact in the table and indicate in the text the potential implications that loss of blinding might have for interpreting the results.Accordingly, our second proposal is to have all trials described as blinded include the details in a standard “Who Knew” table Table . This ta“Blinding” as a concept to reduce bias has been used for more than 200 years , and “doThomas A. Lang, MAPrincipal, Tom Lang Communications and Training InternationalAdjunct Instructor, Medical Writing and Editing Program, University of Chicago Professional EducationSenior Editor, West China Hospital/Sichuan Medical School, Chengdu, ChinaDonna F. Stroup, PhD, MScPrincipal, Data for Solutions, Inc.Adjunct Instructor, Medical Writing and Editing Program, University of Chicago Professional EducationCo-signers :Matthias Egger, MD, MSc, FFPH: Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health and former Director, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, and President, National Research Council, Swiss National Science Foundation. Former co-editor, International Journal of EpidemiologyForough Farrokhyar, MPhil, PhD: Professor and Research Director, Department of Surgery, Department of Health, Evidence and Impact, McMaster UniversityRobert Fletcher, MD: Professor Emeritus of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School; founding Co-Editor, Journal of General Internal Medicine; former Co-Editor-in-Chief, Annals of Internal Medicine; founding member, Word Association of Medical Editors (WAME); member, International Advisory Board, The LancetSuzanne W. Fletcher, MD: Professor Emerita of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School; founding Co-Editor, Journal of General Internal Medicine; former Co-Editor-in-Chief, Annals of Internal Medicine; National Academy of Medicine; former member, American Board of Internal Medicine; founding member, US Preventive Services Task ForceR Brian Haynes, OC, MD, PhD, FRCPC: Professor Emeritus of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Professor of Medicine, McMaster University; co-founder, Evidence-Based Medicine movement; founder, Health Information Research Unit; founding Editor, ACP Journal Club; lead developer of the structured abstractAnne Holbrook, MD, PharmD, MSc, FRCPC: Professor, Department of Medicine, and Director, Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, McMaster University; leading Canadian drug policy advisor and research lead for evidence-based therapeuticsEileen K Hutton, RM, PhD, DSc (HC): Professor Emerita and former Assistant Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, and former Director of Midwifery, McMaster University; Professor of Midwifery Science, Vrije University, Amsterdam; and Fellow, Canadian Academy of Health SciencesAlfonso Iorio, MD, PhD, FRCPC: Professor, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact; Bayer Chair for Clinical Epidemiology Research and Bleeding Disorders; Chief, Health Information Research Unit and Hamilton-Niagara Hemophilia Program, McMaster UniversityRichard L. Kravitz, MD, MSPH: Professor, Internal Medicine; Former Director, Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, University of California, Davis; former co-Editor-in-Chief, Journal of General Internal Medicine; Director, UC Center Sacramento, a program providing leadership training in politics and relevant evidence for policymakersJosé Florencio F. Lapeña Jr., MA, MD, FPCS: Professor of Otolaryngology; former Vice-Chancellor, University of the Philippines; Editor-in-Chief, Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Charter President, Philippine Association of Medical Journal Editors; Past President, Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME); Secretary and Past Director, World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)Maria del Carmen Ruiz-Alcocer, MD: Senior Medical Editor, Intersistemas Publishers; Former President, Mexican Association of Biomedical Journal Editors (AMERBAC); Past Director, World Association of Medical Editors (WAME); member, European Association of Science Editors (EASE)Roberta Scherer, PhD: Senior Scientist, Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; former Associate Director, USA Cochrane Center; Adjunct Assistant Professor, Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of MedicineChristopher H. Schmid, PhD: Professor and Chair of Biostatistics and founding member and former Co-Director of the Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health in the Brown University School of Public Health; founding Co-Editor of Research Synthesis Methods; helped develop Institute of Medicine national standards for systematic reviewsThomas A. Trikalinos, MD: Associate Professor of Health Services, Policy, and Practice; Director, Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown UniversityJunmin Zhang, MD, PhD: Professor and Managing Director, Journal of Capital Medical University, Medical Education Management, Journal of Translational Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China


Due to the growing public awareness of cardiovascular disease (CVD), blood pressure (BP) estimation models have been developed based on physiological parameters extracted from both electrocardiograms (ECGs) and photoplethysmograms (PPGs). Still, in order to enhance the usability as well as reduce the sensor cost, researchers endeavor to establish a generalized BP estimation model using only PPG signals. In this paper, we propose a deep neural network model capable of extracting 32 features exclusively from PPG signals for BP estimation. The effectiveness and accuracy of our proposed model was evaluated by the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standard and the British Hypertension Society (BHS) standard. Experimental results showed that the RMSEs in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are 4.643 mmHg and 3.307 mmHg, respectively, across 9000 subjects, with 80.63% of absolute errors among estimated SBP records lower than 5 mmHg and 90.19% of absolute errors among estimated DBP records lower than 5 mmHg. We demonstrated that our proposed model has remarkably high accuracy on the largest BP database found in the literature, which shows its effectiveness compared to some prior works. According to a statistical report from the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 17.9 million people dying from CVD in 2016, representing 31% of global deaths  is denoted as Noise removal: Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is applied to every PPG data segment to convert it from its time domain into the frequency domain. Let x are data points in each PPG data segment {X} and Normalization and 1st and 2nd derivative of PPG calculation (denoted as “dPPG” and “sdPPG”): All the raw values of PPG are positive, so min–max normalization is applied to every PPG data segment. The equation of min–max normalization can be represented as (5):Feature point detection: Before feature extraction, a few points should be marked and detected in every cycle of the heartbeat for every signal  for cycle segmentation and alignment. Firstly, the systolic peaks of PPG waves of each heart cycle are marked by taking advantage of an algorithm mentioned in . The corPartitioning and abnormal cycle removal: After feature points are located, each PPG data segment and its corresponding dPPG and sdPPG waves are partitioned into fragments by reserving each PPG data segment from one valley point of PPG to the next consecutive valley point of PPG. Abnormal heart cycles are also removed following the criteria mentioned in . After aPrior to the actual process of estimating the blood pressure using PPG signal exclusively, we conduct a preprocessing to enhance the quality of the PPG. The raw PPG data preprocessing consists of four main steps, including noise removal, normalization, feature point detection, and partitioning. The detailed explanation of each step is presented as follows:hr, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8, AS, dAS, sdAS, DS, dDS, sdDS, S1, S2, AA, dAA, sdAA, DA, dDA, sdDA, RAAD, dRAAD, sdRAAD, PI, dPI, sdPI, dVI, sdVI, AID, dAID, sdAID, dDID, sdDID, PIR, dPIR, sdPIR, dRIPV, sdRIPV, AT, dAT, sdAT, DT, dDT, sdDT, dTVO, sdTVO, Slope_a, S3, S4, RtArea, NI, AI, AI1, RSD, RSC and RDC. All the definitions of the 59 features are listed in The candidate features are the 65 features proposed in past studies ,26,27,28thors of  observedthors of . ConsequfAn index After feature selection is done, the optimal feature set considered to be highly correlated to BP is obtained. The next step is to train a machine learning model which is able to predict the SBP and DBP values accurately given the selected features. In this work, we use a fully connected deep neural network regressor for this goal. As shown in As a matter of fact, a brain of a human comprises billions of neurons connected each other with synapses, and each neuron communicates through electrical currents. A special kind of machine learning model, called a neural network (NN), was proposed a long time ago to mimic the behaviors of neurons. A generic NN consists of perceptrons, mimicking the function of biological neurons, and an interconnected layered structure that connects every perceptron in one layer to another. Each perceptron contains a weighted vector W and a bias b, as seen in As the development of artificial intelligence has evolved, more and more different kinds of neural networks, such as fully connected networks, convolutional neural networks, and recurrent neural networks, have been proposed to tackle different kinds of problems. Among them, long short-term memory (LSTM) and fully connected neural networks are the most commonly applied regressors for building BP estimation models. Su et al.  construcFollowing the methodologies mentioned in η32 × 2,176,188), including hr, AS, DS, AA, dAA, sdAA, DA, dDA, sdDA, PI, dPI, sdPI, dVI, sdVI, AID, dAID, sdAID, dDID, sdDID, dRIPV, sdRIPV, AT, Slope_a, S3, S4, NI, AI, AI1, RSD, RSC, S1 and S2, is selected as our final feature set. With the help of the Despite the fact that models built from LSTM units are the most frequently and widely applied for time series-related problems, in this study, we choose a different approach. We use a fully connected neural network, which is much simpler in terms of the number of parameters compared to an LSTM unit, to build up our core deep fully connected neural network, serving as a predictor of BP. We conduct tests on several models to determine the optimal number of hidden layers and neurons, following the approach in . Finallyη32 × 2,176,188) is split into three parts, and each part contains 70%, 20% and 10% of the data, which serve as training, testing and validation datasets, respectively. As for the training process, a gradient descent optimizer, called “Nadam” [Our model, as shown in  “Nadam” , is appl “Nadam”  for sign “Nadam”  for cardN is the number of total BP samples (SBP or DBP) to be evaluated and There are several mathematical methods and indices that are used to evaluate the validity of the regression model. Among them, the RMSE and MAE between the ground truth of BP and the estimated BP are the most widely used to gauge the performance of a BP estimation model. The definitions of the RMSE and MAE are shown in (10) and (11), respectively :(10)RMSEn (AAMI)  and the n (AAMI) . AdditioAn article by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI)  suggestsr, whose value ranges from -1 to 1 and it can be formulated as [r is to measure the degree of correlation between two signals, Pearson’s correlation analysis is one of the most popular methods used to evaluate the validity of a regression model by computing Pearson’s correlation coefficient lated as :(12)r=∑iA Bland–Altman plot  is used To be honest, it is extremely difficult for us to do a fair comparison with prior works for the following reasons. First, most of the existing models used both ECG and PPG as inputs of the models. Second, even if the inputs of the models were PPG only, it is still difficult to compare them, since the datasets used in different studies may be different. Last, but not least, even if the model to be compared uses the same dataset as our model and also takes only PPG as input, the number of subjects (and cardiac cycles) used for training and testing, which will hugely affect the degree of generalization of a model, may still be different. However, despite all the impediments, it is still necessary to compare our proposed model to other works owing to the fact that through the comparison, we will be able to understand and judge our own model better. The comparison results are shown in From In summary, in this study, we propose a fully connected DNN model to estimate SBP and DBP, from a PPG signal only. We perform feature selection based on big data analysis using 9000 subjects, 2,176,188 records of BP in total and 32 optimal features selected based on the proposed selection index. Finally, our proposed model reaches BHS Grade A and satisfies the AAMI standard. The MAE is as low as 3.21 mmHg and 2.23 mmHg for SBP and DBP, and the RMSE is as low as 4.63 mmHg and 3.21 mmHg for SBP and DBP, which outperforms all existing works using the same dataset (MIMIC II). For future works, we plan to apply other RNN-related models to see if the MAE and RMSE can be further decreased. A sequence to sequence model is also a promising direction for this topic. Phase changes in blood pressure can happen under various influences. Thus, further studies should try to involve the correlation between BP estimation and natural time analysis. Additionally, we would like to implement our model in wearable devices to help people at risk of high blood pressure to monitor their BP continuously in their daily activities. Hence, studies on data from people outside hospital should be conducted.


Geriatric assessment—broadly defined—has become foundational to systems of care for frail elderly people at risk for functional decline, death, intensification of services, and long-term institutionalization. Its key feature is the ascertainment of multiple dimensions of health and health risks: not only medical, but functional, cognitive, psychological, and socioeconomic factors. This multidimensionality is key to systematic screening and targeting using technologies to uncover frail, at-risk elderly people in their neighborhoods, homes, and at various other service contact points, for more intensive evaluation, i.e., “comprehensive geriatric assessment”, a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment process that identifies medical, psychosocial, and functional limitations of a frail older person to develop a coordinated plan to maximize overall health with aging . Geriatric care models embedding comprehensive and multidimensional assessment—in the community and in institutions—have been studied for years, with evidence supporting the efficacy of some in improving various outcomes ,3,4. In Geriatrics all relate in some way to the foundational theme of multidimensional geriatric assessment, as they also exhibit the continuing evolution and differentiation of structures and processes of care built upon it. Implemented or anticipated assessment-based models of “co-care” with other specialties, allied health providers, or for special clinical populations, are the subject of several reports [The papers gathered in this Special Issue of  reports ,8,9,10.  reports ; as pers reports . Attenti reports ,14. The  reports . Finally reports ,17. Buhr reports .Undoubtably, the papers appearing here represent only a small sampling of present activity, but they indicate the ongoing relevance of foundational principles as services and care for aging populations expand. New technologies, populations, systems of care and financing, and workforce development strategies will need to hold true to these core principles.


HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice , has been amended to include factual corrections. An error was identified subsequent to its original publication. Figure The article “Shaping Alcohol Health Literacy: A Systematic Concept Analysis and Review” by Orkan Okan, Gill Rowlands, MBBS, MD, FRCP, FRCGP, Susie Sykes, PhD, and Jane Wills, which was published in the January 2020 issue of


Scientific Reports10.1038/s41598-020-59596-x, published online 17 February 2020Correction to: The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Manickam Ashokkumar, which was incorrectly given as Manickam Ashok kumar.In addition, there was an error in Affiliation 4, which was incorrectly given as ‘Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Univeristy of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA’. The correct affiliation is listed below:Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.Furthermore, the Supplementary Information file omitted an affiliation for Aanand Sonawanne, which is now listed as Affiliation 3.These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, and in the accompanying Supplementary Information.


Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical/Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical MedicineTitle: Synanthropic rodents as virus reservoirs and transmittersVol.53:e20190486: 2020 - Page: 4/11 - doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0486-2019Coronaviridae family; Letovirinae, which has one subgenus, Milecovirus, found only in frogs and a sea hare thus far115, and Orthocoronavirinae, which is found in birds and mammals, and is divided into four genera due to the antigenic and genetic characteristics of the viruses53,116.”Here is the form in which the information is found: “According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, two subfamilies belong to the Coronaviridae family; Letovirinae, which has one subgenus, Milecovirus, found only in frogs (Microhyla fissipes) thus far115, and Orthocoronavirinae, which is found in birds and mammals, and is divided into four genera due to the antigenic and genetic characteristics of the viruses53,116”It should be read: “According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, two subfamilies belong to the


In “Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial”  the authors made two corrections.The affiliations for authors Mali Sæter and Kristina Hermann Haugaawere originally published as:2 ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayAnd have been changed to:2Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway3ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe subsequent affiliation numeration has been adjusted to accomodate for this change. The correction will appear in the online version of the paper on the JMIR Publications website on November 15, 2023 together with the publication of this correction notice. Because this was made after submission to PubMed, PubMed Central, and other full-text repositories, the corrected article has also been resubmitted to those repositories.


TThere is a great and renewed need for discussion in this area, in order to exchange and share experiences at 360 degrees on opportunities, problems, and even failures. With this in mind, this Special Issue, “Assistive Technologies, Robotics, and Automated Machines in the Health Domain: Second Edition”  was laun


In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 2. Instead of “Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan”, it should be “Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan”.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.


As of 15 May 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a total of 765,903,278 cases and 6,927,378 cumulative deaths worldwide  . It is fJS, HL, FC, and SC designed and wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.