This paper studies the construction and development strategy of intelligent sports system in the context of Chinese National Fitness Program with methods of literature review and model construction. The research shows that there are four dilemmas in the implementation of intelligent sports in national fitness: data security, market monopoly, legal supervision, and product iteration. However, there are also three promoting factors in this regard, including policy guarantee, market demand, and industrial upgrading. Following the principles of scientificity, effectiveness, public welfare, and collaboration, this paper designs a system for intelligent sports in national fitness. The construction of the national fitness intelligent sports system mainly consists of four modules, including basic framework construction, function design, content design, and operation analysis. With the systematic analysis of the status quo of intelligent sports application in national fitness, this paper puts forward intelligent sports development strategies in the implementation of national fitness from four aspects: optimizing the top-level design of government, speeding up industrial transformation and upgrading, constructing market supervision mechanism, and establishing a talent training system. The “New Generation AI Development Plan” issued by Chinese State Council in 2017 marked that artificial intelligence(AI) would become a key national development field, and AI would be more applied to the real world, so as to improve the efficiency of industrial development, inject power into traditional industries, and promote new industrial reform. With the development of artificial intelligence in the field of sports in recent years, new breakthroughs have been made in sports intelligent manufacturing. As mentioned in the “Outline of Building a Sports Power” and “Opinions on promoting national fitness and sports consumption to promote high-quality development of sports industry,” China will accelerate the application of emerging technologies such as Internet Plus, big data, and artificial intelligence in the national strategy of national fitness, and promote the integrated development model of “sports plus.” It can be concluded from a number of national policies that the first step to develop national fitness in China is to encourage new forms of national fitness, improve sports consumption patterns, and upgrade the traditional industrial system. The second step is to promote the open sharing of national fitness data resources, improve the digital infrastructure and security guarantee of national fitness, and accelerate the innovative application of resources. Thirdly, it aims to focus on cultivating and strengthening digital sports economy, and promote digital transformation in all fields of national fitness. Finally, it aims to promote the in-depth implementation of the national strategy of fitness for all and open up a new prospect in building China into a sports power.However, at present, intelligent sports is still in its infancy in the implementation of national fitness, and its application, integration, and development strategies still need further exploration and research. There are many problems in the development of intelligent sports in the national fitness: how to plan the infrastructure layout of intelligent sports in the national fitness? How to coordinate government departments, market, industry, and the public? How to better integrate intelligent sports into this national strategy? How to deepen the implementation of national fitness? It is particularly important to explore the development strategy of intelligent sports in the implementation of national fitness. Therefore, this article is going to construct an intelligent sports system in national fitness from both macro and micro perspectives, and conduct research on the content, function, and operation of this system. The analysis of the development path of intelligent sports can help intelligent sports better integrate and develop in the implementation of national fitness, achieve the best coupling of “sports + artificial intelligence,” and eventually promote the effective implementation of national fitness strategy.Intelligent sports is a knowledge system which takes sports as the main body, and uses artificial intelligence, Internet, Internet of Things, big data, and other high-tech means to exert a certain influence on human body activities and sports thoughts. From a time perspective, intelligent sports and artificial intelligence emerged almost at the same time. In 1950, Alan Turing first proposed the concept of artificial intelligence based on the intelligence of machines . Deep BlThe development of intelligent sports has become an important research field for scholars at home and abroad. Lapham and Bartlett  studied The application of artificial intelligence in sports mainly includes competitive sports and national fitness. In terms of competitive sports, Trawinski  studied The application of intelligent sports in national fitness mainly refers to data acquisition and collection through big data and cloud computing. However, the use of AI to do data statistics and locate bodybuilders will inevitably cause data security risks. Intelligent sports data security risks are divided into two types: active risk and passive risk. Taking smart fitness centers as an example, smart gyms record members' physical data and workout tracks, and also store members' basic information and consumption levels. Any behavior or movements of members in the centers will be stored as data. The data collected present a risk of being resold by gyms to other data-demanding enterprises  through the backstage big data platform, which will virtually cause serious troubles to customers' privacy. We describe this privacy disclosure as active risks. As for passive risks, given that intelligent sports technologies are not mature enough, the data are mostly processed in a centralized way. This data-processing approach is easy to be attacked by hackers, causing the occurrence of network security events. Due to the worry that they will be tracked by big data, people would choose to reject and resist intelligent sports in life, which makes it difficult to popularize and apply intelligent sports in the process of national fitness.With the continuous application of intelligent sports in national fitness, basic data of national fitness have become important assets for the development of intelligent sports enterprises. Nevertheless, most of the assets are held by enterprises with solid capital, technology, and talent reserves. Intelligent sports giants make full use of the data to develop more targeted and scientific products, making themselves even more powerful. This will gradually lead to polarization, during which small and medium-sized intelligent sports companies eventually go bankrupt while leading enterprises continue to monopolize the market. It will not only cause market disorder of national fitness industry but also abate people's enthusiasm for bodybuilding.In China, Sports Law plays a key role in the development of the sports industry and national fitness, but there are few laws and regulations in the field of intelligent sports. With the continuous progress of the intelligent sports market, the market environment is becoming more and more severe. Vicious competition, lack of market supervision system, and the unfulfillment of market supervision are largely seen and constantly spreading, resulting in the malignant development of intelligent sports. Given a huge profit temptation in the market of national fitness, illegal acts such as piracy of intelligent products, copying of data, and privacy infringement occur from time to time. When violated, enterprises and individuals without legal protection have no place to safeguard their rights, which seriously flounders the market order and the high-quality development of the national fitness industry.The development of intelligent sports mostly relies on technical products, and the upgrading of products will bring consumers better services and renewed experience. For both national fitness firms and individuals, excessive speed of product updating and iteration will bring some losses, and the “substitution effect” is particularly pronounced. Product updating is bound to affect the experience of consumers, reduce the service life of products, and also exert a certain negative impact on the popularization of national fitness.Nowadays, China is in the critical period of the implementation of national fitness, and thus fostering the intelligent development of national fitness is the future development trend and driving force. As mentioned in the 14th Five-Year Plan for Sports Development and many other public documents, China should vigorously develop the digital sports industry, promote cross-border integration of intelligent digital industries and sports industries, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of sports through informatization, digitalization, and intellectuality. China has issued a number of policies and plans on intelligent sports to encourage and guarantee the extension of national fitness to the digital field, which is conducive for the rapid development of intelligent sports in the context of national fitness.With continuous popularization and application of science and technology, the public consumption level has been increased and keep-fit has become a popular lifestyle. At the same time, public demand for intelligent fitness is ever-increasing, and the market demand is correspondingly expanding, which will directly impress the value embodiment of intelligent sports in national fitness. In order to realize people's yearning for a better life, it is high time to explore the innovative development mode of intelligent sports and provide high-quality service supply to people. This will also help intelligent sports develop into a new stage of supply-demand balance and industrial maturity.As the development of intelligent sports deepens, the traditional sports industry is being transformed into a high-tech one. New industrial parks and industrial bases have realized fully automated production, packaging, and transportation. The application of intellectual technologies can largely improve product quality while reducing labor and material costs, gradually transforming and upgrading traditional sports manufacturing to a smart one. Industrial upgrading is beneficial in various aspects. As for enterprises, it can greatly raise their development prospect and potential by improving their production efficiency. With regard to consumers, it helps provide more accurate and personalized products and services, and stimulate new demand for sports consumption. From an industrial perspective, it may boost the national fitness industry to high-end manufacturing industry.To build a system of intelligent sports in national fitness helps conform to the new trend of national fitness development, speed up the integration of artificial intelligence and national fitness, promote the application and practice of intelligent sports, raise the health awareness of people, and generate public enthusiasm to participate in fitness. At the same time, the system can optimize the national fitness market to a certain extent, stimulate the market vitality, motivate the market innovative impetus, and improve the market competitiveness.The construction of intelligent sports system in national fitness can cultivate a data-driven industrial system. A national fitness data platform system based on big data and cloud computing will improve interconnection, coordination, and feedback efficiency of governments, markets, and citizens. In addition, the national fitness data are going to be open and shared, which is instrumental for governments to master first-hand data and real-time implementation of national fitness, and timely optimize and adjust implementary measures.The integrated development of artificial intelligence and national fitness can give full play to the active guidance of the government in planning and investing in the national fitness strategy, and further improve the policy-making on finance and market of the digital fitness industry. Furthermore, the full use of advanced technologies is conducive to thoroughly implementing the innovation-driven development strategy in national fitness, accelerating the application of intelligent sports in national fitness, and generating new technologies, formats, and models for national fitness.By setting up an implementary system, the social subjects involved in national fitness can be better managed and coordinated, their multilateral relationship clarified, and their current and future trend mastered. Finally, the orderly implementation of national fitness strategy will come true. Moreover, by setting up a guarantee system in each link, the institutional and political support can be strengthened, the supervision of the national fitness industry perfected, the interests of all social subjects protected, and the market stability ensured.As previously discussed, the application of artificial intelligence technology to national fitness has an essential role to play. For one thing, it can further accelerate the implementation of this national strategy by building a new development model, forming new ideas and providing new technological support for national fitness. For another, through national fitness statistics, intelligent sports can guide the public to scientific fitness, monitor the physical health of sports people, and generate the public enthusiasm for keep-fit. This paper presents a logic framework of intelligent sports system in national fitness see , where tIntelligent sports must follow scientific principles in the implementation of national fitness strategy, and provide precise and effective services for national fitness through big data, cloud computing, and other science and technology. Intelligent sports products should ensure their safety, reliability, and protection of privacy. At the same time, intelligent sports should follow the industry rules and legal norms in the field of sports and artificial intelligence, and participate in the national strategy of national fitness scientifically, safely, legally, and effectively.Internet Plus, Internet of Things, 5G, and other information technologies are the basis for the development of intelligent sports. Compared with traditional sports, intelligent sports has more R&D investment and production costs, so the principle of effectiveness should be respected. For one thing, fitness data collection, processing, analysis, and storage are highly efficient, which embodies the superiority of intelligent sports. For another, faster and better response to the needs of sports-lovers and more effective and scientific fitness services will also reflect the value and significance of intelligent sports.In the strategy of national fitness, intelligent sports application should adhere to the interests of people, strictly abide by the moral code and legal norms, and resolutely prevent the loss of public interest. More specifically, as for public interest, intelligent sports should provide targeted services for people, formulate scientific fitness programs, monitor physical health in real time, and improve the sports rehabilitation system. As for national interest, it should provide convenience for government work, accurately grasp the situation of national fitness in various regions, and offer data reference for formulating more reasonable and effective national fitness plans. Last but not least, from the perspective of enterprises, it is expected to provide new opportunities for the development of enterprises, innovate their development paths, and enhance the protection of their intangible assets.Since intelligent sports itself is the fusion of two different fields, the cooperation and communication between various disciplines are therefore essential. It is necessary to strengthen interdisciplinary exchanges and optimize the integrated development system for multi-disciplinary industries, universities, and research institutes. In addition, since national fitness involves a wide range of social subjects with discrepancies, it requires subjects from different regions, departments, and organizations to enhance cooperation and enlarge exchanges in order to achieve a win-win situation.Base layer. This is the basis for the application of artificial intelligence in the process of national fitness. Artificial intelligence relies on data, algorithms, and hashrate. The data are collected and transmitted by biosensor, photosensor, sound sensor, and chemical sensor. In China, more than 500 million residents regularly take part in physical exercise. The national fitness intelligent sports system is going to establish multiple data subsystems in each province and city. The total system supports data management of projects as large as 10PB, as well as multi-file, distributed storage. The data scale of each subsystem is determined by the system scale, ranging from 1TB to 10PB. The algorithm is to store and calculate through simulation training chip, cloud inference chip, and terminal device chip. The hashrate includes hashrate environment, scale, and application. The national fitness intelligent sports system is mainly funded and constructed by the government. The hashrate is applied to various fields of national fitness, such as intelligent service system, data management system, operation system, etc. The scales of hashrate are divided according to the service areas of each subsystem. The hashrate scales of national and provincial systems should reach the level of intellectual hashrate, supporting 10TFlops or 1000TFlops parallel computing system, as well as multi-node, CPU, multi-processor, and other multi-level parallel computing. Scales of hashrate of each subsystem should be chosen according to scales of database.Data layer. The data layer is the core of the content framework of the national fitness intelligent sports system. It mainly involves data of three comprehensive fitness subjects: government , society , and the people .Management layer. This layer mainly includes database management, operations management, security management and data maintenance. The date are shared and communicated by public and private clouds of the hybrid cloud data storage system.Application layer. The application layer indicates the ultimate goal and social significance of national fitness intelligent sports system. Here, technologies including artificial intelligence, computer vision, biometric recognition, natural language processing, automatic control, image processing, clustering and collaborative filtering technology, and information retrieval are applied to the following systems of national fitness data monitoring, statistics, guidance, and guarantee. At present, these applications are achieved in intelligent fitness venues, intelligent sports equipment, VR games, and training.As highlighted earlier, the engagement of intelligent sports in national fitness requires precision, intelligence, and interconnection, to make the implementation of this national strategy more comprehensive and smart. Based on this, we construct a content framework of national fitness intelligent sports system see  that is From the content framework of national fitness intelligent sports system, we can see that intelligent sports is of great value and significance for the implementation of national fitness. It is because the engagement of intelligent sports is of great help to accelerate and broaden the implementation from multiple perspectives, fields, and levels; provide more convenient and scientific fitness guidance for people; and eventually meet the people's growing demand for bodybuilding and their yearning for a better life.From the perspective of intelligent sports itself, its functions mainly lie in data, calculation, and intelligence. Primarily, through a colossal database and high-speed computing, intelligent sports can simplify the government departments' tracking of the current situation and provide various indicators and information for national fitness policy-making. In addition, by offering portable and convenient work-out activities, it is helpful in innovating the traditional way of national fitness popularization, accurately feeding people's needs for sports and fitness, and effectively arousing public enthusiasm for national fitness.From the perspective of national fitness, intelligent sports is a shortcut in the implementation of this national strategy, due to the fact that it can make measures more efficient and scientific, and make it easier for the public to accept fitness policies and activate fitness motivation. Since national fitness is a nation-wide strategy, involving people from different geographical locations, living environments, and social backgrounds, this huge project requires the help and participation of intelligent sports to better unify and coordinate.The main functions of the national fitness intelligent sports system see  mainly iData statistics and service is an important work of intelligent sports in the implementation of national fitness. From the perspective of governments, they calculate the proportion of people who regularly participate in physical exercise, their exercise frequency, intensity and approaches, use of sports facilities and sites, as well as their levels of sports consumption, etc. In doing so, governments can more accurately grasp the overall situation of national fitness. From the perspective of active people, intelligent sports can analyze personal fitness data to better monitor their own health and master personal fitness effects in real time. At the same time, intelligent sports helps provide sports lovers with reasonable products and avoid excessive consumption. In addition, people can observe the use of sports venues through intelligent sports equipment, and then reserve sports sites more conveniently and effectively, which will also improve the utilization and reduce the congestion of sports venues.Since the service object of national fitness is mainly the people, the main purpose of intelligent sports application in national fitness is to meet the public fitness needs. Fitness guidance and scientific fitness program are the urgent needs of people. Therefore, it is essential to understand people's fitness purpose, hobbies, leisure time activities, and so on through the intelligent sports big data platform, given that it can provide targeted scientific fitness programs, guide the public to participate in sports, avoid wrong movements and mistaken ways, and prevent people from sports injuries or other unnecessary dangers. The superiority of intelligent sports lies in one-to-one service. Thanks to VR, 3D, and other virtual technologies, people can experience simulated training in a multi-scenario and multi-perspective way, which changes the traditional, generalized, and random way of workout. For example, the elderly with heart disease, osteoporosis, and hypertension are not suitable for medium and high-intensity training.At present, a serious shortage of social sports instructors in China leads to difficulties of pre-fitness guidance, post-fitness feedback, and rehabilitation of sports injuries. In the face of the current situation, monitoring fitness behavior and recording fitness track by intelligent sports can solve these problems. In addition, the establishment of fitness feedback and protection system with artificial intelligence can largely help fitness people know more about sports, master more exercise skills, and well control their fitness situation. The service of sports rehabilitation provided by intelligent sports may give less sense of reality for costumers, but the service area is large, the audience is of wide range, the input of manpower and material resources is reduced, and the controllability of the service is enhanced.By constantly upgrading fitness products, intelligent sports can optimize product performance and services, make sports equipment more intelligent and smart, and provide innovative technologies and means for national fitness. Along with the ongoing public adaptation to high-tech intelligent fitness products, people will gradually take physical exercise as an essential part of life. That is how intelligent sports stimulates public enthusiasm and generates public motivation for national fitness. In addition, the function of interactive communication is very easy for people to try, which is conducive for enhancing their affection between friends and relatives, and forming a sustainable and regular way of fitness. The 3D visual simulation technology adopted by intelligent sports can infect and mobilize people around to try workout and finally form the habit of fitness.The core of intelligent sports application in national fitness is to build an intelligent data platform for national fitness see . The plaIntelligent sports is a very complex system in the implementation of national fitness strategy, which involves a large number of people and a wide range of fields. It is necessary to divide intelligent sports into different subsystems. The intricate cooperation, communication, and transformation relationship between each subsystem forms the intelligent sports system and a clear operation mechanism of national fitness. The operation mechanism of the national fitness intelligent sports system see  mainly iThe government department is taken as a pivot for the operation mechanism of social subject of national fitness intelligent sports. Sports government departments need to establish a system for integrated cooperation to better coordinate and cooperate with other social subjects and optimize government management. There is a two-way operation mechanism between governments and other social subjects, which means integrating government departments to formulate national fitness plans and policies for sports enterprises, associations, and the public. Meanwhile, enterprises, communities, social organizations, and the public provide feedback and suggestions on policy planning. At the same time, the government establishes a national fitness talent pool system to provide research projects for talents and expert teams. Conversely, this system also provides expert advice and evaluation for comprehensive fitness planning and policy-making. The operation mechanism of social subject is the basis and guarantee of the intelligent sports system of national fitness, which can motivate all social subjects of national fitness and facilitate the construction of the basic operation system of national fitness.Data operation is the center of intelligent sports in the implementation of national fitness. It mainly includes: ①Data input. Firstly, the social subject mechanism provides data of national fitness. Secondly, the intelligent sports big data platform collects all basic data, and then carries out data mining and data feedback for different levels of departments. Finally, the intelligent sports big data platform inputs them into the national fitness big data platform. ②Data statistics and analysis. Relevant data input from the national fitness data platform will be fed back to government departments for data reference, which will help departments to summarize current implementation of national fitness. Then, departments will optimize and analyze the data, and finally build a data application model. ③Data output. Through data input and analysis, the data will finally be put into practice and application. After that, the superior departments will be fed back and suggested. Lastly, government departments will evaluate the optimized data and adjust and improve the existing national fitness plan.The intermediary mechanism of national fitness intelligent sports system is the internal connection center between the operation data and social subjects, and also the link of the whole system. Firstly, the operation system of social subject collects and summarizes the basic data collected from citizens, markets, and industries through the intermediary mechanism, and transmits them to the database to realize data supply; The database classifies and processes all kinds of data to social subjects through the intermediary mechanism to meet the data needs. Second, the intermediary mechanism preprocesses the data through data stratification, makes statistics and analysis of the processed data, and stratifies and analyzes the national fitness data according to social groups and application fields, so as to improve the processing efficiency of the database. Thirdly, the intermediary mechanism analyzes and manages the whole operation mechanism, reduces operation errors and data processing errors, protects data privacy, and ensures data security. Fourthly, the intermediary mechanism optimizes information processing and information induction, carries out information integration for the overall operation mechanism, and then outputs the final data according to the application objectives. The relationship between data demanders is sorted out in an orderly manner, which greatly improves the cooperation between operating units and achieves information sharing.The basic facilities of the intelligent fitness center are more intelligent and scientific, which can better meet the needs of active people for fitness, improve the quality of fitness service and fitness experience. Firstly, the Internet of Things will be used to intelligently monitor and manage the service efficiency, site maintenance, automatic temperature control and humidity control, and light adjustment of the venue's placement information sensors, temperature sensors, and photosensitive sensors. Secondly, the intelligent fitness center uses the chip to install a series of auxiliary training equipment for sports, which can help green hands master the correct movement and improve fitness efficiency. In addition, smart fitness center provides more convenience and better service for fitness people through APP, SaaS, and IoT intelligent hardware. Finally, the intelligent fitness center has the management and control platform of the whole venue, which is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the whole venue, and can grasp the dynamic of the venue in real time to understand the fitness needs. It can also provide a series of service platforms such as venue reservation, face recognition, and fitness monitoring and tracking.The infrastructure collects data through sensors, chips, and data platforms and feeds it back to the data layer. Smart fitness center collects data of fitness people, venues, and sports events through artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, big data, and other science and technology. Data collected mainly include fitness intensity, sports consumption level, venue utilization, venue management, and so on. The data system processes and classifies the collected data, and finally feeds back the collected data to the management layer.Various data regarding venues collected by intelligent fitness center through the data layer are going to be applied to the venue management system. First, the intelligent fitness center database conducts data storage, retrieval, application, and transformation, and establishes an intelligent fitness center database system. Secondly, the data feedback from the data layer is used to find the loopholes and deficiencies in venue management, operation, and facilities, timely adjusting the management system and maintaining facilities. Finally, the establishment of data security maintenance system is to prevent data leakage or infringement on the privacy of fitness people, and protect the rights and interests of intelligent fitness center.Through the management of data and technology, data, technology, and management mode are put into practice. The first step is to establish the fitness monitoring and tracking system of members according to the national fitness data. The second step is to develop one-to-one fitness guidance programs based on the AI intelligent system, and provide fitness suggestions and exercise prescriptions specifically to meet the fitness needs of members. The third one is to use new technologies to create VR panoramic experience, simulated training, and fitness interaction to enhance the enjoyment of fitness and arouse fitness enthusiasm. Fourthly, to develop a set of management system suitable for the fitness center itself, which is based on the venue management data feedback. This is of help for reducing the operating cost and improving the intelligent level of the venue.Intelligent fitness center operation and management are inseparable from data statistics and analysis, in that customer service, venue operation, facility usage, and flow monitoring all need data support. In addition, the consumption data of intelligent fitness center can help understand bodybuilders' consumption level, provide diversified services, and adjust service content in time. In addition, the smart fitness center summarizes its data to the fitness data platform of the local government, providing data support and reference for the formulation of national fitness plan.The essential function of intelligent fitness center is to provide fitness services for fitness people. First, in accordance with the needs, goals, and physical conditions of different fitness groups, intelligent fitness center develops targeted fitness programs and exercise prescriptions. Second, intelligent fitness center provides AI guidance or professional coach for fitness instruction to prevent sports injuries and ensure a scientific and effective way of fitness. Third, intelligent fitness center provides guidance for venue services, including venue reservation, event information, venue navigation, which can be achieved by APP, Wechat official account, and SaaS.The intelligent fitness center should ensure the health of the fitness people, and timely optimize and improve the potential safety hazards. When there are sports injuries or safety problems in the fitness center, professional trainers, with the help of intelligent equipment, judge the state of injuries, formulate corresponding physical treatment, and keep tracking the injured through AI. In addition, the intelligent fitness center summarizes and uploads the data to data platforms at higher levels. The superior platform also feeds back the data after processing to the intelligent fitness center data platform for improving services and adjusting optimization plans.Intelligent fitness center has a multi-tiered relationship with social subjects, including bodybuilders, venue operators, sports associations, and sports government departments. Fitness people are its main service object. Venue operators are responsible for the management, operation, and maintenance of the venue. Sports associations organize all kinds of mass sports events and sports activities in the fitness center. Government departments conduct overall planning and top-level designs for intelligent fitness center. As we can see, the four subjects are interconnected. According to the service to fitness lovers and sports associations, venue operators collect relevant data and feedback, and constantly optimize venue infrastructure and intelligent services; At the same time, venue operators feed back the information to government departments, which process and summarize the information through the talent pool system, adjust and optimize the national fitness plan, and feed back again to the intelligent fitness center.The intermediary mechanism of intelligent fitness center is jointly constructed by data platform and venue operators. The data platform of intelligent fitness center stores and classifies the basic fitness data, preprocesses simply the data, and then transmits them to a higher level government database system. Finally, different data processing is carried out according to different application purposes. Venue operators are intermediaries connecting all social subjects, meeting the needs of fitness people, providing precise services, and operating the fitness center under the management and coordination of the government. The data information platform and operators jointly build an intermediary mechanism which meets the operational and managerial needs of the entire intelligent fitness center system and becomes the connection center and link of the system.Data operation of intelligent fitness center represents the core of the whole system. First of all, the data of fitness people and venue are collected through Internet of Things, AI, Internet, and other technical means, and uniformly summarized to the data platform of fitness center. Then, the fitness center platform is used to process the data. Part of the data statistics of the venue is used by itself for venue optimization, and others are uploaded to the superior government database for further application and practice. Finally, the superior database processes the data, conducts in-depth analysis according to the application purpose and direction, and then constructs a corresponding model which will be applied into the national fitness plan, realizing the transformation and utilization of national fitness achievements.The top-level design and theoretical and practical system construction for the development of intelligent sports should be a high priority. First, formulate more perfect and specific development plans for national fitness intelligent sports to guide the future development direction and objectives of intelligent sports. Second, fill the gaps in laws and regulations related to intelligent sports, establish a scientific legal system, so that there are laws to follow, and the development rights and interests of intelligent sports in national fitness can be protected. Third, government departments should increase their support for intelligent sports enterprises by establishing funds to encourage the development of small, medium-sized, and micro enterprises. Meanwhile, they are supposed to establish a cooperation mechanism between large enterprises and small, medium-sized, and micro enterprises for their mutual benefit, and give play to the leading and exemplary role of sports giants.The transformation and upgrading of intelligent sports industry are key to the implementation of national fitness strategy. First, give full play to the distinctive characteristics of the intelligent sports industry as specialization, precision, speciality, and innovation to improve the core competitiveness of the sports industry. Second, build a development model of industrial chain and enhance the controllability of the industrial chain and form a vertical ecosystem of the industrial chain. Focus on key industrial domains such as sporting goods manufacturing industry, fitness industry, tourism service industry, and information industry. Accelerate the construction of intelligent sports integration system, which includes multi-industrial combinations of intelligent sports with medical industry, tourism, and health industry. Third, construct a standard system of the intelligent sports industry, create a comprehensive pilot work of national standards, promote the industrial quality standards of intelligent sports equipment and high-end equipment, and establish a collaborative mechanism of intelligent sports standards. Fourth, facilitate the innovative application of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, Internet, VR, and 5G in intelligent sports, and encourage the public sharing of data owned by intelligent sports enterprises. Build a multi-level and multi-link application system, improve the level of industrial intelligence, construct a digital transformation and upgrading mechanism, and enhance the supply capacity of intelligent sports transformation services.The bottleneck of intelligent sports development needs to be assisted by market operation and supervision. There are great loopholes in the supervision of intelligent sports market, which leads to illegal vendors making huge profits through various means, resulting in the chaos of the market environment. First, the intelligent sports technology should reinforce the privacy security and protection for public interests to avoid potential security risks caused by its own vulnerabilities. Second, government departments and social subjects have to jointly build an intelligent sports security protection system, punish more severely unlawful acts such as infringement and market monopoly, and establish a market oversight committee to regularly inspect and supervise the intelligent sports market. Third, strengthen safety publicity, raise people's awareness of intelligent sports products, strengthen people's legal awareness of intelligent sports, and achieve “universal supervision and common resistance.”Given that talents are fundamental for the development of intelligent sports, establishing a good talent training system is an important step for the sustainable development of intelligent sports. First, tap high-end talents of intelligent sports. At present, China is seriously lacking integrated talents of “artificial intelligence + sports.” Experts and scholars in relevant fields at home and abroad should be attracted to enter the intelligent sports industry to provide advanced technical experience. Second, promote the coordinated development of governments, industries, and universities, and that of research and application. Take the intelligent sports market as the leading factor and use government policies to drive the cultivation of intelligent sports talents. Then, establish an intelligent sports innovation platform, introduce high-quality intelligent sports enterprises, encourage efficient and scientific research institutions to strengthen intelligent sports research, and promote the transformation and practical application of innovative achievements to release the vitality of the industry. Third, establish an intelligent sports talent training mechanism. Establish a joint training and development system through four different social subjects: government, market, enterprises, and universities. Rely on the sports science and technology innovation platform, strengthen cooperation and exchange, and create a talent training mode of sustainable output to ensure the positive role of intelligent sports in national fitness.In recent years, the national strategy of national fitness in China has made breakthroughs, and intelligent sports in national fitness has been applied widely, showing great potential and motivation. Intelligent sports applications such as VR games have become one of the important ways for the public to participate in national fitness. With the support and encouragement of various Chinese policies, intelligent sports will surely become the core of the development of the strategy for China to become a sport power in the future. In the development of intelligent sports and national fitness, it is necessary to analyze the opportunities and risks generated by intelligent sports in a dialectic way. We need not only to recognize the superiority and advancement of intelligent sports but also to fully understand the challenges of intelligent sports on the market economy and society. This research indicates that building the national fitness intelligent sports system is the foundation of intelligent sports engagement in national fitness implementation. This study analyzes the logic, framework, content, and operation of intelligent sports system in the national fitness theoretically and practically. It also demonstrates that intelligent sports gives full play to the value of advanced technologies such as big data, Internet in fitness business. The implications of this article are the following. Social subjects should analyze the application of intelligent sports from multiple perspectives, minimize the risks brought about by intelligent sports when enjoying the convenience and effectiveness. Also, the market system ought to be improved, the top-level design enhanced, comprehensive talents of “intelligence + sports” cultivated, in order to speed up the great goal of making China a sports power.


This phenomenon has been associated with rising obesity rates worldwide, especially in developed countries. In Brazil, the historical analysis of temporal trends between malnutrition and obesity characterized the nutrition transition in the country and interweaved it with the formulation and implementation of public food and nutrition policies. Such analysis is crucial for understanding certain principles in each context. Thus, this review contextualized the consolidation of obesity as a critical health and public policy issue in Brazil. Our review suggested that the country may still be at the initial stage of care for obesity, and more efforts are needed to contain the advance of the disease in Brazil. The “transition” concept has been widely applied in many research areas to display significant trends and further understand the population health parameters . “NutritIn Brazil, from the analysis of the historical context in the last 50 years, it was possible to observe an antagonism of temporal trends between malnutrition and obesity that were influenced by demographic transition and culminated in the occurrence of the nutrition transition and epidemiological transition in the country ,7. FolloThis review disclosed the historical progress of the nutrition transition in Brazil and the trajectory of Brazilian nutritional public policies, emphasizing the complexity of food problems and bringing the need for urgent reformulations to meet the new demand of obesity to the health system .The work of Josué de Castro, entitled “Geography of Hunger”, generated available information to compose the first scenario of the food/nutritional problem in Brazil . Escoda Only after 1975 were the inquiries effectively representative of the country’s nutritional situation, and differences between the macro-regions appeared in Brazil . At thatInterestingly, between 1975 and 1989, the epidemiological dynamics of malnutrition showed a unique evolutionary behavior, with a sharp decline in the problem when in all regions, except for the rural Northeast, the prevalence of cases of low body mass index (BMI < 18.5) became equivalent to the values found in developed countries, around 5% . These fIn the 1990s, added to the problem of malnutrition, obesity rates increased . CorroboThe increase in overweight and obesity rates in the Brazilian population was marked by the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods ,13. As aRecently, a national epidemiological survey showed a significant increase in the obesity rate from 20.8% in 2013 to 25.9% in 2019, with further rises between genders . The morThe global dimensions of obesity demand efforts from international and national’s organizations to establish multisectoral strategies and recommendations from different governance levels  and the Food and nutrition are determinant health conditions and are considered inherent rights for all people. The promotion and guarantee of adequate healthy food and nutrition have been mobilizing efforts from different sectors of the Brazilian government and civil society movements and entities ,22. HereDespite the social inequities observed throughout the history of Brazil that culminated in food insecurity, only in the 1930s the problem of hunger entered the political agenda in Brazil, guided by the research of Josué de Castro . De CastSubsequently, studies of familiar budget and food consumption profiles ascended and were central to establishing the relationship between food and income. Such results contributed to the institution of the salary policy in 1936. It was believed that the minimum wage could guarantee a basic food basket with the necessary nutritional support for the laborers .The landmark of food and nutrition policy was the creation of the Social Security Food Service (SSFS) in 1940. This policy optimized the access to food for the leading benefited population group: laborers. Its principal activities included providing meals, selling food at cost price, food and nutrition education actions, research support, and specialized technical training ,26.Still in the 1940s, other institutions, such as the National Food Technical Service (NFTS), 1942 to 1945; the Institute of Food Technology (IFT), 1944; and the National Food Commission (NFC), 1945 to 1972, were created to implement food and nutrition policies in Brazil, aiming the study of the country’s eating habits and nutritional situation. Right at the beginning, the NFC took “malnutrition” as the main topic of the agenda, assisting in elaborating the National Food Policy (NFP) with the Brazilian Federal Government. The NFC also created the National School Meal Program (1954) and improved the National School Feeding Program (NSFP) ,25.With the extinction of the NFC in 1972, the National Institute of Food and Nutrition (NIFN) was founded, operating until 1997. The NIFN directed the actions to population groups at risk or with nutritional deficiencies, such as pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and workforces, through (1) food supplementation; (2) organization of the food production and marketing system; and (3) support social programs ,27.The NIFN was essential in promoting the National Food and Nutrition Program (NFNP), which unified the actions with others developed by institutions. The NFNP faced numerous difficulties and was extinct in 1974 . After tIn the early 1990s, the National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (NFNSS) was created. The purpose of NFNSS was to produce information that would allow the detection, description, and analysis of food and nutritional problems, identify the geographic and social factors involved, and support policies and procedures to prevent and correct these problems ,26.Another landmark was the implementation of the Unified Health System  through Law number 8.080/1990, founded through the Federal Constitution of 1988 ,29. The In 1999, the National Policy on Food and Nutrition (NPFN) was approved, and the Ministry of Health declared the commitment to the eradication of consequences related to lack of food and poverty, especially children and maternal malnutrition, overweight, and obesity in the adult population . UndeniaAs of 2004, the priority on the political agenda was to strengthen the discussion on food and nutrition security (FNS), first with the reopening of the National Food and Nutrition Security Council (NFNS) and with the approval of the Organic Law on Food and Nutrition Security (OLFNS) in 2006, which instituted the creation of the National Food and Nutrition Security System (NFNSS) ,34. ThenThe program “Intersectoral Strategies for the Prevention and Control of Obesity” of the Ministry of Health, created between 2010 and 2014 , disclosSeveral initiatives have been developed in Brazil to deal with the challenge of reversing the rising overweight and obesity rates and reducing their impact on the population’s disease burden and quality of life . HoweverA recent study by Lopes et al., 2021, investigated the adequacy of basic health units in Brazil regarding structure and work process for obesity management in primary health care (PHC), using data from the National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality. They evaluated three indicators: (i) adequate structure-equipment, human resources, and facilities; (ii) adequate access-available collective and individual healthcare interventions; and (iii) adequate service organization and management-systematization of procedures, adequate use of medical records, matrix support, and permanent education. They found that 7.6% of PCH units presented an adequate structure, only 26.6% of the units presented adequate access to obesity care, and 27.8% were considered to have an adequate service organization. According to the authors, services structure and available materials tend to affect the resolution of PHC actions. In addition, considering that more than 3/4 of the population exclusively uses the public health system and that more than 1 million Brazilians have severe obesity, the lack of adequate structure for diagnosing, evaluating, and monitoring obesity may lead to poorer quality care, increased risk of obesity-related complications and, consequently, increased healthcare spending .Brazil has made commitments with the United Nations to halt the growth of obesity among adults, with a reduction in the consumption of sugary drinks, an increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, and a reduction in the consumption of ultra-processed foods. In this sense, Brazil’s National Health Surveillance Agency (NHSA) published a proposal in 2006 to regulate the advertising of foods high in sugar, sodium, saturated fat, and trans-fat in the form of public consultation. The public hearing to present these regulations was held in August 2009 , and the final text was published on 15 June 2012. The resolution aimed to ensure access to health information for all to curb excessive practices that lead the public  to adopt eating habits that are incompatible with health and infringe upon their right to an appropriate diet. The resolution was challenged in court by several lawsuits opened by different sectors and associations (most of which related to the food industry) and was suspended by the federal attorney general despite the commitment of the Health Ministry and the NHSA  . The Bran = 55,570 households, divided into 550 strata). They concluded that the price of ultra-processed foods was inversely associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Brazil: for each 1.00% increase in the price of ultra-processed foods, there was a mean 0.33% decrease in the prevalence of overweight and of 0.59% in that of obesity. The author highlighted that the taxation of ultra-processed foods emerges as a prominent tool in the control of obesity [Interestingly, Passos et al., 2020 investigated the relationship between the price of ultra-processed foods and the prevalence of obesity in Brazil, based on data from the National Household Budget Survey from 2008/09 ( obesity .Regardless of the limitations of public policies implementation, Fernandes et al., 2019, highlighted the innovations presented in the new food- and meal-based Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population, especially the mention of the preference for natural or minimally processed foods and freshly made dishes and meals to ultra-processed products, and the encouragement to culinary and cooking skills. All these recommendations are in accordance with the World Health Organization. In addition, the authors emphasized that public health nutrition policies should be considered as a part of an individual’s right to information about food. Consumers can choose to make healthy choices if they have access to information, comprehend nutritional information, and healthy food preparation is available .The historical progress of the nutrition transition in Brazil interweaves with the trajectory of Brazilian nutritional public policies, emphasizing the complexity of food problems and bringing the need for urgent reformulations to meet this new demand. Our review suggested that the country may still be at the initial stage of care for obesity, and more efforts are needed to contain the advance of the disease in Brazil. In this sense, we highlighted the importance of the government’s commitment to health in various spheres, such as access to adequate and healthy food, social assurance, and sustainability. We also underscored the importance of the nutritional public policies for nutritional surveillance, promotion of health, healthy habits, and primary and comprehensive care for all individuals: from malnutrition to obesity.


In the face of the health challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, healing and therapeutic design (HTD) as interventions can help with improving people’s health. It is considered to have great potential to promote health in the forms of art, architecture, landscape, space, and environment. However, there are insufficient design approaches to address the challenges during the HTD process. An increased number of studies have shown that emerging information modeling (IM) such as building information modeling (BIM), landscape information modeling (LIM), and city information modeling (CIM) coupled with blockchain (BC) functionalities have the potential to enhance designers’ HTD by considering important design elements, namely design variables, design knowledge, and design decision. It can also address challenges during the design process, such as design changes, conflicts in design requirements, the lack of design evaluation tools and frameworks, and incomplete design information. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a conceptual BC enhanced IM for HTD (BC-HTD) framework that addresses the challenges in the HTD and promotes health and well-being. The structure of BC-HTD framework is twofold: (1) a conceptual high-level framework comprising three levels: user; system; and information, (2) a conceptual low-level framework of detailed content at the system level, which has been constructed using a mixed quantitative and qualitative method of literature analysis, and validated via a pre-interview questionnaire survey and follow-up interviews with industry experts and academics. This paper analyzes the process of BC enhanced HTD and the knowledge management of HTD to aid design decisions in managing design information. This paper is the first attempt to apply the advantages of BC enabled IM to enhance the HTD process. The results of this study can foster and propel new research pathways and knowledge on the value of design in the form of non-fungible token (NFT) based on the extended advantages of BC in the field of design, which can fully mobilize the healing and therapeutic behaviors of designers and the advantage potential of HTD to promote health, and realize the vision of Health Metaverse in the context of sustainable development. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered a global mental health crisis , caregivFacing the health challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, applications of healing and therapeutic design (HTD) in the field of art, architecture, landscape, space, and environment to overcome health barriers through the enhancement of aesthetics in design process have shown a positive effect on promoting health . MoreoveA variety of non-drug treatments, art, and design have shown a positive role in promoting mental health . Art theIn the field of design, HTD refers to the use of design as an intervention to positively impact people’s physical and psychological well-being, prevent diseases, and improve health , reduce With the advent of the digital age, the application of intelligent IM, such as BC, building information modeling (BIM), landscape information modeling (LIM), and city information modeling (CIM), to promote sustainable development has shown potential to promote health in different fields. BC is a decentralized trading and data management technology, which allows digital information to be distributed without copying or modifying ,41. A trThe integration of BC and BIM in information management during the life cycle of buildings brings two main benefits: (1) the transition process from BIM to BC will be easier and more efficient; and (2) data security can also be ensured during the construction phase of real estate . MoreoveIn the face of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, it is necessary to think about how to effectively respond to the reality of global public health emergencies through design. While COVID-19 has created health challenges, it has also brought unprecedented opportunities for innovation . With thThis paper adopts a mixed quantitative and qualitative method of literature analysis to develop the conceptual BC-HTD framework, which was validated via a pre-interview questionnaire survey and follow-up interviews with industry experts and academics. Using the quantitative bibliometric method, i.e., the Network Visualization of keyword co-occurrence generated by VOSviewer version 1.6.15, which has been developed by Nees Jan van Eck and Ludo Waltman at Leiden University’s Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) in the Netherlands, can reflect the relationship between different keywords, the frequency of occurrence, and different clusters ,62. TherAs shown in It can be seen from Based on the quantitative analysis results of visual keywords by the VOSviewer software, the following studies are selected for qualitative analysis of specific content. First, the important design elements of HTD and the challenges in the design process are analyzed from the design point of view. Then, the advantages of BC and IM are summarized from the design perspective.The HTD studies are mainly associated with the healing and therapeutic architecture ,68,69, s(1)Understanding and differentiating between different design variables. The change of design variables and the action mechanism of health impact can facilitate the individual and collective reflection of design variables in the overall design suggestions ;(2)Design decision-making process based on different forms of knowledge of stakeholders. Transforming the implicit knowledge of stakeholders into explicit knowledge in the design-driven process of healing and therapeutic architecture enhances communication among stakeholders, and avoids arbitrary decision-making to facilitate the design of healing and therapeutic architecture . AdditioThe HTD emphasizes important design elements in the presentation of architecture, landscape, space, and environment in promoting health via two means:(i)The changes and conflicts in design requirements. For example, due to the lack of consensus between hospital space design and nursing mode, it is easy to have conflicting design needs with nursing mode when designing the healing and therapeutic landscape of the hospital. It takes a long time to plan the design of the hospital from the perspective of architectural environment, which is difficult to flexibly respond to the changing needs over time .(ii)Inconsistent design research framework and methodology. Although there are many studies on the healing and therapeutic environment with diverse methodologies, there is a lack of a unified research framework, which makes further research difficult .(iii)Incomplete consideration of design features. The interrelationships between various design features are easily overlooked when there is HTD for the built and physical environments in which people with dementia live . In addi(iv)Lack of design evaluation tools and frameworks. Facing the dynamic needs of residents for the new generation of buildings, there is a lack of more comprehensive and informed tools to evaluate the effectiveness of the design and use of healing and therapeutic buildings, as well as a framework to clarify people-centered issues .(v)Incomplete collection of design data. When there is HTD through art in the medical environment that are characterized by a diversity of intervention measures and results, the data collection is not comprehensive, data results are difficult to synthesize, and the evaluation of design results becomes difficult . In addiAlthough HTD can promote human health through the medium of art, architecture, landscape, space, and environment, it also faces the following five challenges in the design process, such as hospital design:In order to further explore the challenges of HTD across all the design stages, this paper maps the five challenges during the HTD process one by one in the four design stages of Discover, Define, Develop, and Deliver in the Double Diamond model, as shown in The BC technology, with its features of disintermediation, immutability, and trust, has become one of the most promising and potentially transformative technologies in many industries, which contributes to the SDGs of the United Nations and produces extensive changes in some established industries and practices . BC has In the fields of art and healthcare, BC technology embodies the advantages of promoting the art economy, protecting intellectual property (IP) rights, and enabling data sharing. First, since BC technology brings efficiency and transparency, and adds value to products and services in different fields, the art world has begun to utilize BC technology to promote the art economy . MoreoveIn the field of information technology, BC is a shared data or information database that is unfalsifiable, untraceable, open and transparent, and collectively maintained . TherefoIn architectural design, BIM is a digital technology that uses a three-dimensional (3D) model to establish a set of project databases, which aid to achieve the SDGs of the project’s entire life cycle through the retrieval and application of information . Based oIn addition, the rapid development of BIM technology provides a mature foundation for the development of LIM that is related to the design of landscape architecture, which expands the application objects of BIM. The difference between LIM and BIM is that the LIM has the core elements of terrain, vegetation, water, and the environment . Based oFurthermore, with the rapid development of BIM technology in cities, CIM is also flourishing in city research. The CIM is a technology based on BIM, geographic information system, and internet of things, which can realize the co-growth of digital cities and physical cities, and is also a necessary way to realize smart cities . IntegraIn general, since the CIM includes the information of natural landscape, architecture, and infrastructure , BIM tecAs shown in In the process of BC-driven HTD, the knowledge management of the HTD, such as design information and health information, can inform the knowledge utilization process between the environment, organizations, and individuals from the inflow and outflow of knowledge, as shown in (1)Responding flexibly to changes and conflicts in design requirements. Based on the advantages of BC in (2)Unified design research framework and methodology. The results in (3)Fully considering the design characteristics. The BC enhanced IM directly transmits and uses design information collaboratively, and fully considers the interrelationship between various design features of the virtual built environment and physical environment. The IM presents the virtual 3D model to communicate design concepts and improve the quality of HTD. For instance, Lee et al. point out that digital manufacturing based on BIM provides instant design information and increases work efficiency, which avoids the problem of incomplete consideration of design characteristics caused by traditional paper documents .(4)Improving design evaluation tools. The 3D models presented by the IM are used to simulate and verify the design results, and plan and analyze the elements of sustainable city development. Based on dynamic needs, the IM is facilitated to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the effectiveness of the design and the use of healing and therapeutic buildings, and clarify the human-centered problem framework. Furthermore, the consensus mechanism of the BC aids with design evaluation results. For example, Dantas et al. suggest that BIM and CIM can help city managers make assessments and decisions with simple and accurate data .(5)Comprehensive collection of design data. BIM, LIM, and CIM enhanced by BC can bring seven main benefits to data collection: (a) BC provides transparent and comprehensive information to all the stakeholders at different stages of the HTD life cycle to improve design sustainability. For instance, Shojaei et al. show that BC stores and disseminates data information in different stages of asset construction, such as collection, verification, and extraction, which assists with achieving asset sustainability . (b) BC The potential roles of BC to enhance IM in line with the five identified challenges of HTD are:The development of the conceptual BC-HTD framework is based on the findings of the quantitative and qualitative analysis and the important design elements of HTD and associated challenges, as shown in Based on the relationship between the important design elements, HTD challenges, and the advantages of the BC enhanced IM, the conceptual high-level BC-HTD framework encompasses three levels comprising user, system, and information, as shown in In the user level, BC + BIM/LIM/CIM consolidates the relationship between stakeholders of HTD; emphasizes information exchange, communication and coordination among stakeholders; and stores data of users’ dynamic needs. At the system level, the advantages of BC, such as openness, transparency, collective maintenance, comprehensive and efficient sharing of database, and traceability, address HTD challenges across the four stages of Discover, Define, Develop, and Deliver of the Double Diamond design process model. Additionally, the advantages of communication, collaboration, coordination, and visual 3D model of the IM assist the whole HTD process based on the fields of art, architecture, landscape, space, and environment. In the information level, BC + BIM/LIM/CIM enable the interaction between the user and the system to be transmitted to the design information level and interacting within the level. Moreover, the process totally contributes the HTD information to facilitate with achieving sustainable development via research framework, design requirements, design characteristics, evaluation framework, and design data. As such, design driving and design decision-making process are carried out based on the HTD information. In addition, the distributed network of BC + BIM/LIM/CIM expands the application of sustainable HTD information in different fields, such as art therapy, healthcare, architectural design, and landscape design, in which the BC + BIM/LIM/CIM is used as sustainable technology to promote sustainable development aimed at promoting health and well-being.A conceptual low-level BC-HTD framework is shown in (1)In the part of stakeholders, the BC can be used for multi-party trust connection, such as interconnection, mutual trust, and alliance chain.(2)The approach of establishing incentives based on the BC encourages the stakeholders to fully contribute their own data.(3)For the challenge of HTD, since the BC technology may not be able to work between multiple stakeholders for pure design behavior, the BC technology must have business collaboration, commercial behavior, and transaction behavior to cooperate.(4)The pure function of the BC can be applied to the protection of IP rights. For example, the design draft and phased achievements of the designers can be recorded via the BC, which can be confirmed uniquely with digital assets on the BC technology to ensure non-infringement and measure the designer’s value by transaction behavior.(5)The advantages of the BC, i.e., traceability, consensus mechanism, and smart contract, can help address the challenges of incomplete data collection during the HTD process.(6)Building a real-time design knowledge base with BC enhanced IM is helpful to design decision-making.The conceptual BC-HTD framework for digital health, as illustrated in Furthermore, in line with the suggestions of the participants, the conceptual BC-HTD framework was updated on the user layer in the high-level BC-HTD framework, as shown in The results in The BC tracks the contribution of network participants to measure the value brought with adequately fine granularity  and protMoreover, the results of the quantitative analysis presented in Furthermore, BC presents a great potential in the tokenization of digital assets . BC techAt present, the HTD, which promotes health to achieve sustainable development, faces design-related challenges in the fields of art, architecture, landscape, space, and the environment. The development of emerging IM, such as BIM, LIM, and CIM, is enhanced by BC to promote sustainable development, bringing immediate advantages in solving the challenges of HTD in the field of digital health. Therefore, this paper is the first attempt to apply the advantages of BC to IM with a view to enhancing the HTD process in line with the Double Diamond model of the British Design Council, considering important elements and challenges in the design process. From a research perspective, in the aftermath of the COVID-19 epidemic, this study investigates the application of integration of BC with BIM, LIM, and CIM in HTD, which is aimed at promoting health and well-being heading to the sustainable development. In terms of research content, this paper proposes a BC-driven HTD process and a management process of design knowledge. Moreover, the conceptual BC-HTD framework driven by BC + BIM/LIM/CIM has a high-level framework of three levels, i.e., user, system, and information, and a low-level framework of detailed content at the system level, which has been constructed using a mixed quantitative and qualitative method of literature analysis, and validated and updated via pre-interview questionnaire and follow-up interviews with industry experts and academics. This paper analyzes the process of BC enhanced HTD and the knowledge management of HTD to aid design decisions in managing design information. The potential of BC to quantify the HTD value is constantly being tapped. The results of this study can help future research to quantify the value of design in the form of NFT based on the extended advantages of BC in the field of design, which can fully mobilize the advantage potential of HTD to promote health, and realize the vision of Health Metaverse in future digital health. In addition, the form of NFT based on the BC facilitates mobilizing the healing and therapeutic behaviors of designers in the use of the advantage potential of HTD to promote health in achieving the SDG 3  and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). However, the quantitative analysis based on VOSviewer software in this paper focuses on the WOS core collection database. The conceptual BC-HTD framework is validated by industry experts and academics. As such, the follow-up research could conduct quantitative analysis of multiple databases, such as Scopus and ScienceDirect, and explore a practice approach for BC enhanced IM for HTD to promote health in the context of COVID-19 based on the conceptual BC-HTD framework.


Camellia oleifera), mainly used to produce high-quality edible oil, is an important cash crop in China. Anthracnose of oil tea is a considerable factor that limits the yield of tea oil. In order to effectively control the anthracnose of oil tea, researchers have worked hard for many years, and great progress has been made in the research of oil tea anthracnose. For instance, researchers isolated a variety of Colletotrichum spp. from oil tea and found that Colletotrichum fructicola was the most popular pathogen in oil tea. At the same time, a variety of control methods have been explored, such as cultivating resistant varieties, pesticides, and biological control, etc. Furthermore, the research on the molecular pathogenesis of Colletotrichum spp. has also made good progress, such as the elaboration of the transcription factors and effector functions of Colletotrichum spp. The authors summarized the research status of the harm, pathogen types, control, and pathogenic molecular mechanism of oil tea anthracnose in order to provide theoretical support and new technical means for the green prevention and control of oil tea anthracnose.Oil tea ( Camellia genus, which has rich seed oil content that is produced and highly valuable , histone 4 (HIS4), and β-tubulin 2 (TUB2) gene polygenic sequences for the first time , methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and so on  and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) , and calmodulin signal, which is helpful to understand the growth and pathogenesis of Colletotrichum spp. , which may function in chitin sequestration and camouflage, was found in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum , cytochrome P450s, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZYs), and secondary metabolite (SM) synthetases were enriched ; Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province (Grant No. CX20200712); Scientific Innovation Fund for Post-graduates of Central South University of Forestry and Technology (Grant No. CX20201008).The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.


This paper presents data for the application of the vulnerability model in economically depressed areas, through social, economic and capacity variables, with the objective of promoting public policies that contribute to the economic development of the territory and its integration into the labor market  The data set is presented in five complementary files: the first one compiles the variables: neighborhood, family composition, age, type of relationship, educational level, occupation of the head of household, work activity , self-employment and source of income; variables to be processed: gender, age of the head of the household, educational level of the head of the household, educational level of the population group, economically active population, unemployment rate, underemployment rate, total household income. The second file collects the variables: Development Bonus, population identified as "Montubio", general IESS, educational level, branches of activity (primary and secondary sector), type of construction, floor material, rooms, family one, family two, family three, family four, latrines, well, river, tanker, rainwater, and persons per family; thus, the indicators of the socio-economic vulnerability model are processed. The third supplementary file presents the dataset exported to Stata for the social and economic characterization, as well as the unemployment and underemployment rate of the population; the fourth supplementary file presents the do-file for the Stata code. The fifth supplementary file presents the original questionnaires translated into English. The socioeconomic characteristics of the head of household are presented in The Vulnerability Model states that the following variables are considered for the calculation of poverty due to unsatisfied basic needs: housing, overcrowding and accessibility to basic services. 22.1The city of Manta is the second most populated city in the province of Manabí, characterized for being an important seaport located on the central-south coast of Ecuador, facing the Pacific Ocean, in the center of the coastal region, which presents an accelerated demographic growth due to the dynamics of its economy developed by the fishing industry, vegetable oils, assembly plants and tourism. San Juan community is located southeast of the city and is part of its urban zone, where the municipal slaughterhouse, the garbage dump, 12 oxidation ponds, and several recycling companies are located, contributing to the environmental contamination of the sector and the city, due to bad odors and the proliferation of insects, which is aggravated by the inhabitants' activities of raising animals  and making charcoal without any restrictions or controls.Approximately 2217 people live in San Juan community, distributed in five neighborhoods: Santa Marianita, San Juan, San José, San Ramón and Valle Claro; due to the previously described conditions that characterize the place, in the opinion of 2.2For the application of the survey, the census-type sweep technique was used in the five neighborhoods that make up the San Juan site. The survey was applied on February 1, 2019 from 08H00 to 16H00. The instrument used contains three parts: housing characteristics, environmental problems and household data. It collects a total of 71 questions of closed, open and multiple choice type, based on the Household Surveys and Population and Housing Census forms of the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Ecuador. For its application we counted with the participation of research professors of Economic Sciences, Agroindustry and Psychology of the Universidad Laica "Eloy Alfaro" of Manabí, 207 student surveyors, 19 student researchers in training, leaders of each neighborhood who were in charge of socializing and coordinating actions with the inhabitants of the sector and helped in the logistics and coordination in the collection of information. The surveys were conducted to the total population of the San Juan site, obtaining a population of 2217 inhabitants in 619 households.2.3The construction of the vulnerability model is based on the methodology developed by The social variables include: the percentage of poverty due to unsatisfied basic needs and the number of poor due to unsatisfied basic needs, obtained from households with deficient housing characteristics, overcrowded homes, and accessibility to deficient basic services; percentage of beneficiaries of the Development Bonus and Montubia population. In the analysis of economic variables, to determine the economic structure of the territory, the proportion of the population engaged in activities in the primary and secondary sector is considered; and considering social security (Affiliated to the IESS) informality is determined, denoting the unemployment or underemployment of the locality. The capacity variables are determined based on the proportion of the economically active population and the human capital index, which is complemented by the presence of productive or non-productive activities in the territory.The raw data in this article come from open data sources, thus fulfilling the ethical requirement to be published in Data in Brief magazine.Zambrano-Yépez Claudia: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft. Guillén-Rodríguez Yaritza: Software, Data curation, Validation.The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have or could be perceived to have influenced the work reported in this article.


Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one of the purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive.The present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression.A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V)  and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs.p < 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression.Scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (Depression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly. Nearly half of the elderly in Brazil (48.9%) presents more than one chronic illness, and one of the most serious is depression . The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) was used to assess the severity of the depressive episode  with significance adjusted by the Bonferroni test were applied to compare the scores of the PP scales between the depressed and healthy control groups. The level of significance was set at 5% (p ≤ 0.05).Quantitative data processing was performed using SPSS software, version 22.0. After obtaining the total scores of the dimensions were verified the assumptions of normality, homoscedasticity, and sphericity. The Mann-Whitney Subsequently, regularized partial regression network analyses  method , and, as a result, the relationship found in the present study was expected. Fehring et al.  study inIn addition to the studied constructs, it is important to note that among the demographic variables evaluated, the network analysis indicates that social class showed positive correlations with depression, indicating that higher incomes are associated with higher depressive indexes. Network analysis finds a direct negative relationship between social class, optimism, and spiritual well-being with degree of depression. No studies have been found in the literature that relate high social class with higher risk of depression. The studies generally present the opposite, that is, greater risks of depression in individuals with lower purchasing power (Kim et al., Depression in the aging of the individual with higher social class can be seen as the expression of the abrupt decrease of social participation and social and cultural activities experienced by a senior of the upper classes throughout his life. The elderly of the lower classes do not feel as much a reduction in their activities because they have not experienced such great opportunities for social activities as cinema, theater, and travel.The present study allows a comparison of the association between the constructs of Positive Psychology and depression, facilitating the choice of effective and preventive approaches to intervention with this population. This study shows the importance of the promotion and prevention of the health elderly. It also presents a view of network analysis and possible mediation in the relationships between depression and the studied constructs.The study design also does not allow a cause-and-effect relationship between the constructs studied and depression, and it is limited to explore the associations between them. Individuals were no compared by time of use of antidepressant or time of follow-up in the outpatient setting but only by the severity/degrees of the disease.Higher degrees of depression are associated with an increase in negative affect and a decrease in positive affect, as well as a decrease in construct scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, and hope. The relationships between depression and life satisfaction are mediated by optimism. Spiritual well-being, optimism, and depression had greater influence on a network of regular correlations between constructs. Depression presented a higher magnitude relationship in this network, followed by the constructs of dispositional hope and self-esteem, indicating that the three had a stronger impact on the network of constructs. Social class had a positive association with depression, which was unpublished in the literature consulted. The constructs that are strongly and indirectly related to depression are optimism, spiritual well-being, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The findings of this study aim to direct the scientific community in the search for interventions that will be more effective for the depressive patient and for the prevention of this psychopathology in the elderly population. Strategies for therapeutic intervention for the elderly with MDD should focus on spiritual well-being, dispositional hope, affection, and optimism, because that is greater chances of achieving a direct improvement in depression scores.