The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has been very stressful, but more so for those with cancer. Patients with cancer experienced more pandemic-related stress and psychological distress than those without a cancer diagnosis. This case report, about a breast cancer patient, is presented in order to emphasize (1) the importance of the management of psychological care in oncology, (2) the need for a thorough understanding of the efficacy of the role of the psycho-oncologist and related interventions in a breast care unit for the health of both patients and professionals to improve clinical outcomes, and (3) the emerging health concerns of breast cancer patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients suffering from cancer reported experiencing significantly more stress linked to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as greater psychological symptoms compared to those without cancer [Local health services identify and prepare paths and spaces dedicated to the oncological patients;Healthcare professionals wear appropriate personal protective equipment;Identify specific strategies to already guarantee the diagnostic-therapeutic path initiated for patients in case of potential exposure of a cancer patient to subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 [In relation to the reorganization of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is useful to divide them into two groups: patients who have completed the therapeutic path (off-therapy) and those who are still being treated. In this case, the guidelines of the Ministry of Health state the following: During the COVID-19 period, cancer patients experienced clinically significant levels of psychological distress , pain, and insomnia ,4,5,6. IElevated distress levels of patients with cancer compared to the general population have been attributed to the diagnosis itself, which can be more or less serious, including treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy, which are often destructive and harmful to patients’ body image and cause disruptions in relationships and work as well as variation in their ability to cope with stress. Research has shown that, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, about 30–40% of breast cancer patients suffered from depression, anxiety, or adjustment disorders ,10, and Therefore, it is critical to assess the psychological symptoms in patients suffering from cancer in order to mitigate symptoms and increase their quality of life. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the goal of diagnosing and treating anxiety and depression is also to optimize the effects of medical treatments and adherence to medical regimens. The role of the psycho-oncologist is to support the cancer patient in accepting the disease, searching for psychological and existential meaning , and treSense of vulnerability;Sense of helplessness and physical suffering associated with COVID-19 that can cause generalized fear and anxiety;Sense of loneliness, increased by constraints on family members, with a possible reduction of adherence to therapy;Experience of dependence on therapies, with consequent fear of not receiving adequate treatment;Perception of responsibility for the risk of contagion;Fear of physical contact with health professionals.Patients and caregivers experience the following:Intensification of psychological distress, in particular, increased anxiety symptoms;Existential and psychological uncertainty, with consequent demoralization;Decrease in self-efficacy and confidence in one’s coping strategies with the disease.Compared to cancer patients under treatment, a recent Italian study  reports Thus, there are a variety of psychological interventions available to help the patient to manage the therapeutic treatments as well as the psychological symptoms caused by cancer and its treatments .Furthermore, it is important to make consideration with respect to health professionals: COVID-19 also increased symptoms of anxiety, psychological distress, emotional burden, clinically significant depression, and a higher perceived risk of infection, leading to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disturbances , for heaIt is fundamentally important to pursue the following objectives when intervening in the lives of patients with cancer: foster a recognition of one’s own needs, help process trauma, help to rebuild body image, and shift attention to individual  and social resources ,19. MorePrevent and contain the fear of contagion, which can compromise the management of cancer treatments and patient adherence to them;Identify and manage the level of psychological distress and related symptoms experienced by patients and their family in this emergency situation;Promote the expression of emotions;Increase active coping strategies, self-efficacy/empowerment attitudes, and better adaptation to the situation;Support healthy lifestyles and precautionary behaviors;Provide correct information to patients and make known the support systems available.The purpose of this case report is to emphasize the importance and value added by psychologists in medical oncology care and, in particular, to describe the critical role of psychological interventions and support in typical breast care service during the COVID-19. Moreover, this psychological management has the following aims:Sofia (pseudonym) is a 40-year-old female who is married and has two children as well as a supportive family and social network. She has no personal or family history of psychiatric illnesses and had no other comorbid diseases. In November of 2019, she noted swelling and a sensation of heat in her left breast. Then in June of 2020, she felt focal thickening in the upper-external left quadrant. Shortly after that, in July of 2020, Sophia scheduled her first consultation at the Cancer Institute in Padova, at which time imaging showed the presence of a heteroplastic lesion in a large part of the upper-external quadrant. On her first visit to the oncologist in August 2020, the diagnosis was infiltrating breast cancer. The patient was in good general condition and concurred with the oncologist that treatment should be initiated. The treatment involves a series of chemotherapy cycles in association with hormonal therapy. As for the follow-up, the patient will also perform radiotherapy sessions. At the end of the treatment, for the purpose of prognosis, the oncologist will perform specific tests aimed at identifying the disease state.During adjuvant chemotherapy treatment, on the recommendation of the oncologist, Sofia asked for a psychological consultation. In January 2021, Sophia also had mastectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy surgery. The last operations were performed in September. Then Sofia underwent a mastectomy and status post six-cycle chemotherapy because of the presence of a tumor on her left breast.Our approach, as a strategic plan, was patient-centered: it was based on therapeutic strategies, on the evaluation of symptoms and side effects of therapies , on a coThe pattern of sessions included an initial intervention with the whole family and some only with Sophia. Cancer has the potential to transform the family system of the development of adaptive processes connected to the dynamic equilibrium of the patient-family-care team system. The disease breaks family homeostasis, and it is, therefore, possible to evaluate the oncological sickness not only as an individual’s illness but also as a family disease. Distress, burden, and strain, related to cancer, are the main indicators of the psycho-social impacts on family members . It has been shown that there is an important reciprocity of emotional influence with the patient: when the latter presents a psychic disorder (anxiety or depression), the caregiver shows an increased risk of developing a similar emotional disorder ,26. Family support aims to promote adaptive coping, experiencing the disease event more positively in the family context; therefore, this maintains more positive coping from the patient .We have always proceeded towards the promotion of self-efficacy and empowerment strategies with the aim of encouraging active and functional coping methods for adaptation, improving future planning. In the first session, Sofia came to the psycho-oncology clinic with her family, husband, and children (a 13-year-old son and an 8-year-old daughter). The request she made was for family and individual support for the management of emotional experiences related to the illness and related treatments. The patient and the family members narrated their experience of the disease, from the moment of diagnosis to the current day, focusing on their emotional experiences over that period of time. Later, family support was conducted through telehealth sessions in order to process the relational dynamics and promote familial support and active coping strategies for managing the emotional experience. The following sessions were conducted with only Sophia, focusing on the management of the disease and her emotional reactions, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the therapeutic process included emotional (trauma) processing as well as building support for the patient by analyzing and fostering positive family dynamics and also promoting active, agentic coping strategies. Sophia presented psychological symptoms such as distress, depression, and anxiety related to the loss of a sense of control in the management of roles and self-image in the transformation of planning and short- and long-term aims. She also reported distress focused on fear and the trauma of the diagnosis. In this first phase of treatment, the defense expressed by Sofia was denial. She was conversant, but the clinician observed mood swings, emotional changes, and the absence of a positive attitude. Sofia reported significant physical symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness, fragility, insomnia, dyspnea, pain, and a lack of appetite. The patient appeared to be exhausted by the therapy process as she shared negative emotional experiences related to having cancer and concerns for her children. Sophia reported significant distress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, during which she experienced greater isolation even within the family, including isolation from her children at times to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. During this period of greater isolation, psychological support was important to sustain in therapy and in the family to help mitigate Sophia’s tendency to focus on the feeling of emotional loneliness linked to the uncertainty of a global health emergency. Due to COVID-19, specific strategies were performed, such as relaxation techniques that are able to contribute to the management, control, and containment of physical and psychological symptoms. In fact, during some sessions, body mediation techniques were performed, such as autogenic training, for global therapeutic purposes . Schultz defines them as “a series of rational physiological exercises, intended to put the body and the psyche at rest” ,28  and well-being. Sofia began to adapt and maintain good psycho-emotional relaxation, supported by the coping strategies that gradually appeared during the psychological path. The outcomes of the psychotherapeutic treatments increased an adequate internal locus of control in the psychological adaptation to the oncological disease, favoring combative coping in the patient and promoting a proactive experience towards the disease, which was experienced as a challenge to be actively faced. The improvements due to the therapies allowed the patient to learn to have greater confidence and manage the discomforts related to the treatments, which are experienced with optimism and a better level of adaptation. The patient developed the skill of managing anxiety about the future and the fear of recurrence in an adjustment and functional way in the pandemic context.Neoplastic pathology can have profound repercussions on the psychological setting of the patient and her family, negatively affecting quality of life, adherence to medical care, the perception of side effects, the doctor–patient relationship, and the duration of hospitalization and rehabilitation.The impact of cancer affects many dimensions of a person’s existence: physical, psychological, social, and spiritual . One-thiDifferent scientific evidence indicates that people with serious or critical health conditions, including cancer, due to their immunosuppressive status, experience an increased risk of contagion to COVID-19 and any related complications .The condition of greater “vulnerability” establishes in patients an increase in psychological symptoms such as anxiety, anger, anguish, fear, and a sense of loneliness . Furthermore, the pandemic has created the need to combat the infection by imposing social distancing and numerous health restrictions that affect access to places of care and the regular use of oncological therapies ,35.This circumstance causes concern about treatment for their disease . PatientReturning to our clinical case, the cure and treatment of carcinoma are approached with a multidisciplinary approach with adequate attention to the physical, psychological, self-efficacy, and well-being of the patient as well as their own social network to increase the best adaptation strategies to the disease. Sofia, once she has overcome the initial shock of the disease, has to live with COVID-19, which bursts and complicates her therapeutic path, making it even more difficult to distance herself from her family and her social network: experiences of uncertainty and loneliness that arise and increase exponentially. The event of illness in a pandemic context requires an important path of adapting to the disease deriving from the COVID-19 pandemic, restoring psycho-physical balance and strengthening. Counseling represents the first step in taking care of patients and their families through an initial emotional, psychological, and cognitive assessment related to the management of the critical situation. This allows a first clinical picture of psycho-social needs and the level of psycho-emotional distress experienced, deepening the internal psychic resources and the presence of any internal coping methods related to the lived experience of the disease. The consultancy aims to capture, analyze, and elaborate doubts, perplexities, and expectations in order to promote adaptation by encouraging the integration of the disease event within the patient’s personal life story ,36.Feeling depression, anxiety, and fear is very common, and it is a normal response to one’s life-changing experience . People In the subsequent interviews, psycho-oncological support aims to deepen the existential meanings experienced and expressed by the patient and the family.The emotions of concern, fear, and disorientation are related to the diagnosis and the disease path. Patients may be afraid of uncontrolled pain and death, including what might happen to loved ones. It is important to share these feelings and fears.The importance of social support, even for the patient’s family, is proof of this. In fact, it is observed that patients with greater social support tend to feel less anxious and depressed and report better quality of life, helping with cancer management.Depression and sickness cause great distress, impair functioning, and can even make the patient less able to follow the cancer treatment plan .During the treatment phase, the psycho-oncologist validates the patient’s experience, elaborating emotional problems in order to bring out the appropriate coping modalities, which favor adjustment and adherence to the therapeutic path.During hospitalization, the psycho-oncologist has an important role in the pain, which impacts quality of life. The clinician encourages adequate management strategies and promotes communication between the patient and care team; this increases compliance and favors the treatment path’s adherence .Each disease and treatment phase has internal and specific aspects. This opens up a new clinical context, accompanying patients through the path of care. The psycho-oncologist processes emotions, increasing communication with the family and supporting the patient’s social network. Oncological patients often express feelings of despair, loss of meaning, uncertainty and helplessness, pessimism, and difficulty in adapting, which underline the presence of an affective state of demoralization. Consequently, psycho-oncological support is focused on the therapy’s treatment of cancer-related symptoms , and it promotes adjustment linked to the specific disease stage. Sofia’s case explicitly deals with hospitalization (inpatient) and the outpatient clinic.Finally, the role of the psychologist is also very important during the end-stage of the disease, where perspectives are based on a greater awareness of the personal relationship with life and death.In this phase, the clinician promotes the possibility of human and professional growth through the path of approaching the most intimate part of the personal meaning of life.Death education teaches patients to become more aware and sensitive companions to themselves and those around them on the difficult path of death. In this phase, the patient is invested with anxieties and questions that require sensitivity, attention, and even human competence. The psycho-oncologist endorses patients’ disorientation, preparing the person for the prospect of “letting go”. This attitude is a very useful approach because it supports the person in the death process towards a peaceful welcome .Sofia’s case demonstrates the experience of a traumatic event, such as cancer, during the pandemic, causing severe rejection, non-acceptance, and destabilization.Sofia’s story illustrates the psychological, existential, and social complexity of the experience of a young breast oncological patient during the particular historical context of COVID-19. The findings of the present case report suggest that psychological support is essential at every stage of the disease on the path of care in order to relieve depressive symptoms and distress and strengthen coping strategies.


Cleft lip and palate can be treated as one of the most common craniofacial congenital malformations in humans. Such disease influences tens of millions of patients all over the world. Cleft lip and palate deformity affects many important physiological functions, including breathing, swallowing, speech, chewing, and aesthetics. This work focuses on investigating the morphology and airway volume of oropharynx patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate after palatopharyngeal closure. In addition, this work evaluated the similarities and differences between patients with cleft lip and palate and those without such an issue. The employed data, selected from the Department of Stomatology of Xuzhou First People's Hospital, are based on the conical beam CT images. The study sample was divided into two groups: the selected experimental group, who confronted the cleft lip, cleft palate, and velopharyngeal closure surgery, and the selected control group, who are healthy children at the corresponding age. The parameters, including the airway volume, the airway volume of velopharyngeal and oropharyngeal segments, the minimum cross-sectional area of the pharynx, the horizontal plane airway area of the hard palate and soft one, the horizontal airway area of the hyoid bone, and the vertical distance between the hard palate and soft palate, can be measured by Dolphin. These parameters were analyzed with a statistical approach. The analysis of the above-mentioned parameters reveals that the airway volume, the minimum cross-sectional area of the pharynx, the horizontal cross-sectional area of the hyoid, and the distance between the hard palate and soft palate tip in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate show significant differences between the experimental group and the control group. Meanwhile, other parameters, including the horizontal cross-sectional area of the airway in the horizontal plane of the hard palate and the horizontal plane of the soft palate, did not show noticeable differences in the two groups. The patients, who confronted the unilateral complete cleft lip and palate, can improve with the velopharyngeal closure surgery. Furthermore, the length and vertical distance of the soft palate and the volume of each segment of the airway exhibit differences between the experimental group and the control group. Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital maxillofacial deformity, whose morbidity rate can reach more than 0.1%  , this kind of CT is the most promising and practical equipment in oral skull imaging equipment. This approach, which shows a high spatial resolution, has been widely utilized in the field of stomatology. The amount of radiation released by CBCT is very low, which is only equivalent to 1/30–1/40 of the traditional CT. CBCT has been extensively used in planting, teeth, orthodontics, orthognathic, periodontal, and other related issues. During the CBCT, all the patients should sit up straight. Their orbital ear planes should be parallel to the ground. The upper and lower dentitions of patients should be bitten in the median bite position. Moreover, these patients should keep quiet breathing without swallowing. All patients have been photographed using the same procedures and parameters. The whole CT images can be analyzed by Dolphin Imaging software, and the mark points were determined. The same doctors completed all the above-mentioned procedures. The measurement issues, including the airway volume and measurement plane of the oropharynx, airway volume segments and airway area at different levels, are demonstrated in During this work, the main measurement issues, including airway volume, airway volume of the palatopharyngeal segment, airway volume of the glossopharyngeal segment, minimum airway area, horizontal airway area of the hard palate, horizontal airway area of soft palate tip, horizontal airway area of the hyoid bone, and distance between the hard palate and soft palate tip, can be demonstrated. Considering these issues, the reconstruction of the airway is shown in p-value can be evaluated by the method of a significance test. When the p-value is lower than 0.05, the difference in error probability between the two groups is < 0.05. In this work, the SPSS 20.0 statistical software was employed to analyze the data of these patients  between the experimental group and the control group. The control group's measurements, including total airway volume, airway volume of the palatopharyngeal segment, and airway volume of the glossopharyngeal segment, were higher than the control ones. In addition, the control group's measurements, including the cross-sectional area, the minimum cross-sectional area of the airway, and the airway area at the tongue level, were significantly larger than in the experimental group. It was noted that there was no significant difference in the horizontal cross-sectional area of the hard palate and the horizontal cross-sectional area of the soft palate between the experimental and control groups. Therefore, the measurements, including the distance between the hard palate and the soft palate, are statistically significant between the two groups. The detailed information is presented in Hypothesis testing is an important concept in the field of statistics. Such issue is an important evidence to determine the original hypothesis is correct. The From Velopharyngeal closure means that when pronouncing non-nasal consonants, the soft palate is in contact with the posterior wall of the pharynx, separating the oropharynx from the nasopharynx, so as to facilitate normal pronunciation  the extension of the soft palate is still insufficient, and the distance from the hard palate to the tip of the soft palate is relatively short; (2) insufficient maxillary length and vertical growth deficiency due to the bone defects. Therefore, we expect to find an operation that can better extend the length of the soft palate, and increased orthodontic treatment in the growth and development of children can better promote the development of maxillary anterior and posterior, and vertical teeth.By measuring the shape and volume of the oropharyngeal airway, we found that the cross-sectional area of the horizontal airway in the cleft lip and palate group was significantly smaller than that in the control group, and the oropharyngeal volume was also significantly reduced, which was similar to previous efforts  and Xuzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (KC19142 and KC20117).The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.


The development of the times, the advancement of technology, and the innovation of the Internet have formed the soil for the growth of network literature and art. At present, there are still problems in the network literature and art, such as mixed fish and dragons, low quality, emphasis on entertainment, and weak responsibility, but its development is expected. Network literature and art is the product of the combination of literature and art and the development of science and technology. Meanwhile, network literature and art are an important part of social and economic development. It needs to seize the new opportunities of mobile digital technology to empower the creation, production, and dissemination of online literary and artistic works. Control the quality of online literature and art, guide its positive dissemination, and make it contribute to the prosperity of the entire Chinese literature and art. The development and prosperity of network literature and art is one of the most eye-catching cultural scenes in the new century. Especially in recent years, with the development of new media technology and the popularization of mobile digitalization, network literature and art have ushered in a broader space for development . Not onlIn 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Symposium on Literature and Art Work that Internet technology and new media have changed the form of literature and art. It gave birth to a large number of new types of literature and art and also brought profound changes in the concept of literature and art and the practice of literature and art . Due to Opinions on the Prosperity and Development of Socialist Literature and Art in October 2015, which for the first time clearly proposed to vigorously develop online literature and art. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that “Cyberspace is the common spiritual home of hundreds of millions of people. Cyberspace is in line with the people's interests with clear sky and good ecology. Cyberspace is smoky and ecologically deteriorating, which is not in line with the interests of the people.” In order to give full play to the leading role of socialist ideology, it is necessary to strengthen the active and correct guidance of network literature and art. Not only is it of great significance to purify cyberspace and make online literature and art better benefit the people, but it is also a new topic for building a socialist ideological discourse system in the new era [In order to do a good job in the construction of online literature and art, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the  new era –6.In 2018, at the National Propaganda and Ideological Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping further emphasized that “the improvement of quality should be the lifeline of literary and artistic works, and more healthy and high-quality online literary and artistic works should be launched.” As a new thing, online literature and art has been highly valued by the party and the state in recent years and has increasingly become the research focus of the academic circles .Therefore, actively research and judge the new changes, new characteristics and new trends of online literature and art in the new media field, accurately control the communication characteristics and laws of online literature and art, and actively and effectively regulate and guide it. It is of great significance for expanding and deepening the theoretical research of network literature and art, cultivating a good network literature and art ecology, and promoting the healthy development of network literature and art.At present, there are still big differences in theoretical understanding and evaluation of network literature and art. There is still no clear consensus on its conceptual analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to cut into the two categories of “network” and “literature and art,” respectively, and carry out an ontological interpretation of network literature and art from the aspects of connotation, extension, and characteristics.“Network” refers to the use of modern computer technology and physical electronic pulse technology. Through the mutual conversion between digital signals and electronic pulses, a virtual platform for information transmission, reception, and sharing is achieved. Using the network can connect any information terminal equipment that is openly associated with it to realize the sharing of information and resources among points, lines, surfaces, and bodies. With the introduction of electronic products such as computers, smartphones, and tablet computers into thousands of households, people can easily read words with the help of the Internet, and it is becoming more and more difficult to separate them.The concept of “literature and art” is still controversial in the academic circles. One view holds that literature and art are collectively referred to as literature and art. Another point of view is that literature and art refer to literature, which is a parallel relationship with art . In 2011The main body of creation is based on the mass netizens. Although there are some traditional literary and artistic workers in the main body of online literature and art, the main source is still ordinary netizens with “grassroots.” They come from different social classes, with different occupational backgrounds, and the number of groups is huge.The content of the works is expressed as “more than good.” Compared with the orthodoxy of traditional literature and art, online literature and art tend to be more entertaining. Although there are many excellent works, under the influence of consumerism and market economy, the production of online literature and art is inevitably mixed with some vulgar and vulgar content, resulting in uneven quality of their works.The means of communication is digital media. Only when complex information such as words, pictures, images, and data in online literary and artistic works are transformed into digital models, and then into computer binary codes, can the dissemination process of works on the Internet be completed. This is the most essential difference between network literature and traditional literature and art.The audience is mainly the younger generation. Compared with traditional literature and art, which is “suitable for all ages,” the audience of online literature and art is mainly concentrated in the young generation of “post-80s” and “post-90s.” Among them, the number of readers of online literature alone is as high as more than 200 million, and most of them are young people. This makes online literature and art closely related to the daily life of young people, has a wide impact on their thoughts and behaviors, and is manifested as a “fan” culture.As a new style of literature and art, “Internet literature and art” refers to the collective name of various literature and art forms that are published and disseminated through network platforms after informatization processing. In terms of its extension, it not only covers new art forms created by netizens such as online animation, online performances, online dramas, micromovies, online music, talk shows, and jokes. It also includes networked works of traditional literature and art such as literature and drama, music, dance, art, calligraphy, photography, folk art, acrobatics, and film and television. Compared with traditional literature and art, network literature and art mainly have the following four characteristics:Network literature and art is a new type of art form that is generated and developed relying on network technology. As far as its “connotation” is concerned, “Internet literature and art is endowed with Internet artistic thinking under the influence and influence of Internet technology, new media, and social changes. It represents the life of the times and expresses modern experience and thoughts and feelings with new artistic production methods. In essence, it is mainly reflected in three aspects: Internet artistic thinking, new art production methods, and aesthetic art.From the perspective of the development of online literature and art, it mainly includes text-based online novels, online poems, video-based online dramas, online variety shows, online movies, online animations, online games, online performances, audio-based online music, and mobile phone value-added. In terms of development trend, it is mainly characterized by scale and industrialization, technologicalization and mobilization, and the integration and innovation of network literature and art and traditional literature and art.Data show that as of March 2020, the number of netizens in my country has reached 904 million, and the Internet penetration rate has reached 64.5%. Among them, the number of mobile Internet users reached 897 million, and the proportion of Internet users using mobile phones to access the Internet reached 99.3%. The proportion of using TV to surf the Internet was 32.0%. The proportions of using desktop computers, laptop computers and tablet computers to access the Internet were 42.7%, 35.1% and 29.0%, respectively [In terms of user scale and utilization rate, online literature and art have shown a dual trend of huge numbers and further growth. As of March 2020, the scale of online music users was nearly 635 million, accounting for 70.3% of the total netizens, and the scale of mobile phone users was nearly 633 million, accounting for 70.5% of mobile netizens. The scale of online literature users reached 455 million, accounting for 50.4% of the total netizens, and the scale of mobile phone users reached 453 million, accounting for 50.5% of the mobile netizens. The scale of online game users is nearly 532 million, accounting for 58.9% of the total netizens, and the scale of mobile phone users is nearly 529 million, accounting for 59.0%. The number of online video users reached 850 million, accounting for 94.1% of the total netizens, of which the number of short video users was 773 million, accounting for 85.6% of the total netizens. These data show that the huge number of users, diverse forms of expression, continuous growth scale, and positive development trends have created the basic style of online literature and art.From the perspective of industrial development, network literature and art not only enrich the social and cultural life of the public but also become an important part of the cultural industry and network economy in the new era.At present, the network literature and art industry has many subdivisions, forming the basic pattern of “one superpower, many strong.” Data in 2019 show that online games have occupied “half of the country” in the online literature and art industry in terms of total volume, and its total output value of 133.96 billion yuan accounts for half of the entire industry scale. Online live streaming ranked second, reaching a scale of 64.92 billion yuan, which has surpassed the market size of Chinese cinema movies . The industries that have reached a scale of 10 billion yuan include online literature (15.73 billion yuan), online dramas (12 billion yuan), online animation (15 billion yuan), and short videos (14.01 billion yuan). The industrial scale of other online literature and art segments, including online variety shows (6.7 billion yuan), online movies (3 billion yuan), online music (6.26 billion yuan), and online audio (4 billion yuan), has also reached dozens billion scale.It can be said that many subfields have achieved large-scale and industrialized development. It should be noted that due to the “savage growth” of Internet literature and art . As a reThe overall promotion of digitization and networking is complementary to the personalized diversification of the emerging online literature and art market. This is of great significance for improving the supply capacity of network cultural products and services and improving the quality of cultural services. At the same time, it also promotes the healthy development of network literature and art.Benjamin believes that “every form of art has gone through a critical stage in its development history, and it can only be effective under the change of new technologies. In other words, it needs to rely on new forms of art to require breakthroughs.” The advancement of technology promotes with the evolution of network art form and the development and change of art style. In the development of Internet literature and art, the trend of integration of Internet technology and art has become increasingly prominent. It promotes the continuous dissolution of the boundary between art and technology and affects people's artistic aesthetics and technology through the media and wider means and channels of the Internet.Online literature, online games, online movies, online short videos, and online animation are all based on new network technologies. Combined with the integration of artificial intelligence and other aspects across technical levels, rich works of art have been created. And in the blending of modern media and multiculturalism, a new artistic concept is constructed. For example, the use of special effects in online movies can bring the ultimate visual pleasure to the audience, and virtual reality (VR) technology has broken through the traditional art aesthetic method of “contemplation.” By creating an immersive multidimensional dynamic sensory world, it extends the audience's senses and brings an “immersive” aesthetic experience to the audience.With the popularization and wide application of smart large-screen mobile phones, the user scale and penetration rate of mobile network video, online music, online games, and online literature continue to grow . The mobIn recent years, the development forms of online literature and art have become increasingly rich, and at the same time, the integration and innovation with traditional forms of literature and art has also been deepened. Its remarkable performance is that with the improvement of quality, the distinction and boundary between online literary and artistic works and traditional literary and artistic works are increasingly blurred. Especially in the field of online audio-visual, excellent online variety shows, online dramas, and online movies are difficult to completely distinguish from TV variety shows, TV series, and cinema movies. Not only that the play mode of “from network to station” program interpenetration and location transfer further makes up for the differences and boundaries between the two.Looking at the production of online literature and art in recent years, on the one hand, mobile Internet communication with mobile phones as the main carrier occupies a dominant position. New forms of communication such as WeChat, Weibo, Weibo, Weibo, Internet TV, and digital newspapers and periodicals have become the main channels for the public to obtain information and relax and entertain.Network literature and art have different characteristics and laws from traditional literature and art because of the evolution of language and thinking. With its distinctive personality and innovative power, it has changed the pattern and trend of traditional literary and artistic creation and production and has increasingly radiated, driven, and even led in enriching practice. On the other hand, the advantages of historical resources and development experience of traditional literature and art cannot be ignored. The interaction, mutual influence, and mutual cooperation between online literature and art and traditional literature and art have become an important trend of media integration and have also profoundly changed the pattern of media and literature and art.Therefore, in the in-depth transformation of “Internet + literature and art,” on the one hand, the characteristics and advantages of traditional literature and art are further exerted, and at the same time, it is also reversed to learn from and absorb the new experience of network literature and art. On the other hand, in terms of development trends, if we say that the “transformation” of online literature and art has already begun, the “change” of traditional literature and art has been latently growing. Then, the fusion and innovation of the two is essentially the transition of aesthetic discourse from transition to transfer in the intersection of “tradition and modernity.” And make the new laws of literature and art precipitate and condense in the field of literature and art, and then move towards the process of “new normal” and “new common name.”Under the background of the Internet, the network literature and art communication show remarkable characteristics such as the entertainment of the communication target, the diversification of the communication subject, the younger of the communication audience, the flattening of the communication content, and the digitization of the communication form.As we all know, the practice and exploration of online literature and art are carried out in the context of the prevalence of consumerism culture. From the perspective of the dissemination goal of online literature and art, the creators of online literature and art initially created with an entertainment attitude to meet the public's pleasure needs.In the context of the consumer society, the theme of art in online literature and art has become relaxed and casual. Art no longer undertakes serious missions of enlightenment, encouragement, and criticism, but like a string of beautiful and ugly bubbles appearing rapidly, but broken again in an instant. This is an era of loud noises. Although the spirit of enlightenment, encouragement and criticism is no longer serious, the expression of ideas through works of art is still popular. It is just that this expression often takes on a strong, uncondensed emotional tone.Therefore, to satisfy people's leisure and relaxation spirit as the main purpose, to entertain themselves and share entertainment as the goal, and to promote and realize the flow of capital logic for the purpose of consumerism is wrapped in it. Behind this consumerist approach is the advent of the era of national entertainment, and the cultural concepts of “entertainment until death” and “happy is good” are rampant. People's pursuit of daily spiritual life and the improvement of spiritual quality make online literature and art meet people's inner needs. As a result, it becomes people's way of life, way of life and communication, and shapes the world in which people live. Changes and even subverts the experience history, thinking logic and aesthetic concepts handed down in people's daily life and traditional society.With the prosperity of consumerism and entertainmentism, the development of online literature and art gradually tends to be “fashionable, commercialized, and profitable.” The phenomenon of “demoralization, dehistoricalization, and devaluation” in the process of online literature and art dissemination has attracted people's attention.At present, the main body of online literature and art communication consists of four types: UGC (User Generated Content), PGC , PUGC , and OGC . UGC is the most common dissemination subject. Weibo, live broadcast, Douban, and forums can all be regarded as UGC.Xiao Shuo and Wu Xiaobo's Wu Xiaobo Channel.With the opening of various network platforms to users, users upload and share content, which further promotes the development of UGC. PGC is a communication subject that is developing rapidly at present. For example, Youku, Tencent, iQiyi, and Himalaya all focus on professional content production. Through a professional content production team, a unified standard and normative form can be established, so as to ensure the quality of the content and satisfy the user's good experience. PUGC is a new model which is a fusion of UGC and PGC. Generally, it is a platform organization such as a studio or company that produces professional content. Well-known celebrities in the industry generally adopt this model, such as Gao Xiaosong's OGC is based on some specific content such as news hotspots, financial comments, artistic aesthetics, and works appreciation. This is a form of content production created by a group of experts to meet the needs of a specific group. From the development history of major video websites, we can see that their communication subjects are increasingly diversified.Taking Bilibili as an example, the early Bilibili was mainly based on user-uploaded videos, which contained a lot of UGC content. For example, secondary creations such as mixed cutting of original works, and with the transformation of the website ecology, a large number of professional institutions have settled in Bilibili, and PGC content is increasing day by day. In recent years, Bilibili has grown into a website with a high viscosity community culture and user increment with the help of PUGC content. In addition, NetEase Cloud Music integrates UGC, PGC, and PUGC modes. On its APP, there are not only the works of independent singer-songwriters but also the singings of singers from major music companies, as well as songs by fans and other music enthusiasts.These all indicate that the main body of communication of network literature and art presents the characteristics of diversification. Inject new vitality into the production and development of online literature and art. It also brings many problems such as plagiarism of works, the proliferation of piracy and the protection of literary and artistic copyrights and rights protection, which need attention and effective management.Data show that as of March 2020, my country's netizens are still dominated by young people. The 20- to 39-year-old group accounted for 52.3% of the total netizens, and the 20 to 29-year-old group accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 21.5%. Young people are the main audience of online literature and art. Therefore, the content, subject matter, form of expression, language structure, ideological concept, and spiritual expression of online literary and artistic works all need to grasp the psychology of young audiences and are more in line with the tastes and needs of young people and online generations . At the Different online literature and art communication platforms have different audience groups. The core users of Bilibili are two-dimensional animation enthusiasts and radiate the majority of young people. Douban's audience is mainly literary youth. Kuaishou and Douyin also have fixed audiences. These users show the characteristics of “net generation,” the virtual cyberspace is their common memory of growth, and the social attributes between users also show a certain virtuality.Bilili's partitions show differences in their communities, and each individual user may have attributes of different communities at the same time. Fan opera area, game area, entertainment area, and film and television area have gathered a large number of fans. They communicate and communicate through various methods such as “barrage” and text comments, showing a certain degree of sociality. The fans of each community have a certain amount of expertise in the community's field, as well as a deep understanding of the subcultural terminology and social principles of their group.From this perspective, the audience of online literature and art is increasingly showing the characteristics of community and circle. These characteristics, in turn, guide the main body of online literature and art to fully consider the desires, interests, and preferences of the audience, especially young people, when carrying out literature and art production and dissemination . It may Online literature and art in the form of online music, online TV, online movies, online games, and online short videos enable interpersonal “communication” to easily transcend the walls of time, space, and even power and class and achieve “everyone to everyone.” In terms of dissemination content, it basically shows the characteristics of flat, perceptual, and daily life. In recent years, “short videos” such as Douyin, Kuaishou, and Volcano have sprung up as short video programs or “miniaturized” light variety shows. The short video is 15 seconds to 3 minutes in length, short and concise, fast-paced, strong in social networking, and highly topical. Coupled with the vertical subdivision of themes, it is deeply welcomed by young users and respected by major platforms.This “simple and fast” communication method also meets the needs of people's daily entertainment. The dissemination content presents the characteristics of flat and intuitive, classified presentation, massive time-sharing, personalized customization, precise orientation, and unlimited links to similar works. In essence, it reflects the characteristics of daily life narrative, realistic narrative, individualized narrative, and liberalized narrative. This dissemination of content that focuses on flat, perceptual, real-time, and life-like content makes people gradually adapt and get used to replacing text reading by electronic reading pictures. Sound, color, light, and shadow replace understanding and imagination, and visual pleasure melts rational thinking, resulting in the phenomenon of subject dissolution or sinking , 14.Since the new era, online literature and art have paid more attention to the three-dimensional effect, emphasizing emotional rendering and atmosphere creation, striving to achieve a whole-hearted immersive experience, and do their best to provide audio-visual entertainment. Especially driven by digital imaging technology, network hypertext technology, and multimedia technology, the production of network literature and art increasingly relies on digital “simulacrum.” Digitization, audio-visualization, simulacra, and intellectualization have become the dominant trends in contemporary online literature and art dissemination. Digital new technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and cloud gaming platforms are gradually entering the homes of ordinary people. Their large-scale popularization has played a role in promoting the dissemination of literary and artistic works.The application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, and blockchain has greatly freed the communication of literature and art from the constraints of time and space. To further enrich personal aesthetic experience, the forms of online literature and art communication are also more diverse. The popularization of 5G networks in the future will bring the speed of information dissemination to a new level. Its application will expand the breadth and depth of network communication channels and make online communication of high quality, high-quality audiovisual works a reality. It also enables the realization of a cross-time, cross-regional art appreciation mode, and you can use 5G networks and VR equipment to visit art galleries and museums at home .The large-scale application of new technologies, new equipment and new media will diversify the forms of online literature and art dissemination. The rich communication channels will also continuously improve the viewing experience of users and meet the needs of different types of cultural consumption.It should be noted that the digital production and dissemination of online literature and art has also made contemporary spiritual culture sharply inclined to focus on feelings, desires, and bodies. Replacing humanistic connotation and aesthetic inner discipline with technicalism is likely to lead to the disappearance of literary and artistic nature. The proliferation of virtual images and the origin of information worship will lead to the degradation of aesthetic experience and the passivation of aesthetic rationality. As a result, the liberating power of technology has been alienated into the shackles of the development of network literature and art.Through the current creation and dissemination of new experiences, new features, and new trends, we can see the rapid development of network literature and art. On the one hand, the rapid development of online literature and art shows the great power and vitality of “Internet +.” At the same time, it also has a profound impact on people's daily life, aesthetic taste, cultural psychology, values, as well as the fashion of the times, ideology, and social development , 16. On The problem of copyright protection of online literature and art is prominent, and the fast-food, flat, and superficialization of online literature and art consumption has gradually become a trend. The economic and social benefits of Internet literature and art dissemination are separated from each other, the technologicalization of Internet literature and art development has eliminated the human nature of literature and art, and so on. All these require us to face up to the cultural guidance and management norms of network literature and art, improve the network literature and art governance system, purify the network literature and art ecology, and promote the healthy development of network literature and art.“Keeping the righteousness” is the basis for the creation and production of online literature and art. This includes two main aspects: adhering to the development direction of socialist literature and art with Chinese characteristics and following the laws of network literature and art development. From the perspective of the former, socialism with Chinese characteristics is the institutional soil for the survival of the majority of the people. The socialist core values are closely related to the people's living conditions and spiritual aspirations. It reflects the basic moral ideals and value orientations that people should uphold when integrating into social life.Adhering to the development direction of socialist literature and art with Chinese characteristics requires that online literature and art must strictly distinguish the boundaries between popular and vulgar, vulgar, and vulgar, and online literature and art should not become synonymous with “three vulgar” cultures . It cann“Innovation” is based on a firm and correct political orientation and value orientation. Actively promote the innovation of the concept, content, and form of online literature and art, so that the production of online literature and art can closely follow the pulse of the times, be close to real life, and reflect the spirit of the times. Face up to the entertainment, flat, diversified, youthful, digital, and other characteristics of online literature and art communication. Give full play to the features and advantages of new media in terms of interactivity, mobility, and immediacy. Innovate the theme discovery, narrative paradigm and artistic skills of online literature and art, and develop and innovate in related fields such as technology, industry, and communication.Pay special attention to the large number of young audiences, and carry out artistic innovation according to their youthful, socialized and personalized characteristics. Create a youth culture in the new era and make young people the pioneers of the progress of the times. Teenagers are not only the inheritors of China's excellent traditional culture but also the ones responsible for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Administrative Measures for Internet Information Services as the basic regulations and special management measures for online audio-visual, online publishing, online literature, online live broadcast, and online games as the main content.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to “strengthen the construction of Internet content, establish a comprehensive network governance system, and create a clear and clear cyberspace.” In recent years, in response to many chaos and problems in the field of online literature and art, relevant departments have promoted the application of traditional laws to the Internet and established special legislation in the Internet field. A multilayer law-based Internet governance system has been established, with the Laws such as the Cybersecurity Law, the Film Industry Promotion Law, and the Criminal Law Amendment (IX) have been passed, and the Measures for the Administration of the Internet and Other Information Network Dissemination of Audio-Visual Programs, the Regulations on the Administration of Internet Audio-Visual Program Services, and the Internet Provisions on the Administration of Publishing Services, “Interim Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertisements,” “Regulations on the Administration of Internet Live Streaming Services,” “Notice on Strengthening the Copyright Management of Online Literary Works,” “Regulations on the Administration of Internet Forum Community Services.” It provides an institutional guarantee for correcting the ecological imbalance and chaos of online literature and art, creating a clean and positive cyberspace, and promoting the healthy development of online literature and art.Notice on Further Strengthening the Planning and Management of Original Audio-Visual Programs on the Internet. In response to the problems of too many film and television stars, star chasing, pan-entertainment, high-priced film remuneration, and fraud in ratings (click-through rate) in some literary and artistic programs, it is emphasized that we must firmly grasp the correct political direction and strengthen value guidance. Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation and resolutely curb bad tendencies such as star chasing and star speculation and pan-entertainment. Encourage high-quality content to win, constantly innovate program forms, and strictly control the remuneration of guests. Strengthen the governance of TV dramas and online dramas (including online movies) to promote the sound development of the industry. Strengthen the use and management of ratings (click-through rate) survey data, and resolutely crack down on the fraudulent behavior of ratings (click-through rate).In 2016, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of the Creation and Broadcasting of Online Audio-Visual Programs, putting forward further requirements for the creation and broadcasting of online audio-visual programs. The notice pointed out that all kinds of online audio-visual programs must adhere to the aesthetic bottom line of civilization and health. Entertainment reports must respect morality and art and must not use the hype of scandals and privacy scandals as gimmicks to gain click-through rates.In 2017, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television issued the Online variety shows, online dramas, and online movies must resolutely oppose unhealthy trends such as sky-high star chasing, boring games, and luxurious feasts and avoid promoting the game life mentality and exaggeration . In addiIt is worth noting that for network platforms and operators, supervision measures still need to be further improved. For example, user identity verification is enabled for short video platforms, and content is selectively displayed to minors. The online platform is obliged to review and deal with online works and punish those works that are shoddy for rubbing hot spots and IP, works with vulgar and vulgar content, and works that spread obscenity, pornography, bloody violence. Effectively restrict minors' access to online games to prevent teenagers from indulging in online games.In March 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “A country and a nation cannot be without a soul. Culture, literature and art, philosophy and social sciences belong to Bacon's soul-building work, occupying a very important position in the overall work of the party and the country, and insist on and develop Chinese characteristics in the new era. It plays a very important role in socialism.” In the era of all media, establishing the awareness of “quality is king” and promoting the quality of online literature and art production is the only way for the development, transformation and upgrading of online literature and art, and it is also the meaning of the title of realizing the function of “bacon casting the soul” of online literature and art.The connotation of “high-quality products” of online literature and art includes two levels. One is the boutique in the sense of “product.” At the “product” level, quality means the intensive cultivation of online literature and art in terms of production, dissemination, and service. For example, in terms of production, the industrialized production process of online literature and art has become increasingly clear, the division of labor has become increasingly refined, and the application of technical means has become increasingly mature. This is the basic guarantee for the production of high-quality products. In terms of dissemination and service, accurate dissemination of literary and artistic works, finding suitable audiences, meeting the spiritual needs of audiences, and providing good postservice services are all elements and awareness of online literary and artistic works. The second is the fine product in the sense of “work.” At the level of “work,” quality means the improvement of online literature and art in terms of content and value.High-quality content is the decisive factor for the sustainable development of the online literature and art industry. Therefore, online literature and art should reflect the life of the times, demonstrate the spirit of the times, take truth, and tell Chinese stories. As emphasized in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, “to prosper literary and artistic creation, adhere to the unity of profound thinking, exquisite art, and excellent production, strengthen the creation of realistic themes, and constantly launch masterpieces that praise the party, the motherland, the people, and the heroes.In terms of value goals, the development of online literature and art should take “Bacon casts the soul” as its value appeal. Consolidate hundreds of millions of netizens with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and actively cultivate and practice socialist core values.In terms of formal requirements, online literature and art must not only be “down-to-earth” but also “popular.” “Grounding Qi” means to truly express the feelings, thoughts, hopes, and wishes of the people living on our land. “Gathering popularity” means that the form is popular, and it should warm people, infect people, educate people, unite people, inspire people, carry forward the truth, goodness and beauty, and transmit positive energy.In the context of the continuous development of digital, intelligent and networked emerging technologies, it has had a profound impact on the creation and dissemination of online literature and art. But at the same time, we should keep in mind that culture is the foundation of the lasting innovation and development of network literature and art. Network literature and art should grasp the laws of digital and new media communication development and build a comprehensive and three-dimensional Chinese-style strategic communication system. In order to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the people and the mission of spreading Chinese culture to the outside world, we will continue to create high-quality, high-standard masterpieces that can stand the test of the international market and the test of people around the world.


With the ongoing expansion of tourism, a conflict has arisen between economic growth in the tourism industry and environmental preservation, which has attracted the interest of government and academic groups. Because it enables the adaption of tourist activities and buildings in the tourism area in order to protect the natural resources of the scenic area while seeking economies of scale, the tourism environmental carrying capacity system is an essential tool for resolving this conundrum. It also enables tourist sites to grow sustainably while understanding their limitations and carrying capacity. This study uses Citespace 6.1.2 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 analysis software to conduct a bibliometric analysis and review of 297 articles on tourism environmental carrying capacity. This analysis includes early warning studies, assessment models and management tools, and analyses of keyword co-occurrence and emergent word co-occurrence. The article’s conclusion makes recommendations for further research, including the division of each interest group, improved dynamic forecast and early warning of tourism environmental carrying capacity, and the development of an objective, scientific model of tourism carrying capacity. The effects of tourism have been more and more prominent in conversations and studies about development during the last few decades. The tourism industry has a huge potential to spur economic development in destinations. However, its expanding effects have resulted in a number of current and potential issues, as well as environmental, social, cultural, economic, and political problems in destinations and systems that call for alternative, more environmentally and destination country-friendly approaches to development, planning, and policy. In the early stages of tourism growth, there is a far more supply of newly created destination regions’ resources, facilities, etc., compared to the demand from travelers, who can make use of the destination’s many tourism resources and surroundings. While the growth of tourist destinations, commercial advertising, word-of-mouth marketing, and other methods to increase the popularity of the destination, its development into an upward stage, followed by a significant influx of tourists, although during this period, the destination will also strengthen the corresponding supporting facilities and improve the upgrade, etc., the supply measurement end of the increase may be significantly less than the demand side. Additionally, some tourists’ moral character may lead them to litter, paint on the walls, destroy display cabinets and signage, and other actions that are not suited to the development of tourism sustainably, such as the depletion of resources, pollution of the environment, damage to facilities, and customer dissatisfaction. The measurement of tourism environmental carrying capacity (TECC) is a potent tool to achieve this goal and will be crucial in scenic areas and tourist destinations. Thus, it is vital to increase the control and dynamic monitoring of the destination.Our Common Future was adopted and subsequently published, pointing out the importance of sustainable development for the common destiny and common future of humankind and the concept of sustainable development was then introduced into tourism research and policy [Journal of Sustainable Tourism, which now has an impact factor of 9.37.The TECC, initially known as tourism volume, refers to the threshold of the intensity of tourism activities that the natural, economic, and social systems of a tourism destination can withstand, and it is essentially a comprehensive reflection of the structural characteristics of the tourism environment system. In 1964, American scholar J. Alan Wagar published his academic monograph “Carrying Capacity of Wildlands for Recreation” ; then, sd policy , and susAt the UN Sustainable Development Summit held in New York on 25 September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations formally adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), abbreviated as SDGs . The SDGThe TECC has been the subject of numerous theoretical and empirical studies , but theIn this study, the Mapping Knowledge Domain (MKD) was used  to analyAs a cutting-edge method in the field of scientometric analysis technology, knowledge domain mapping combines the theories and methods of applied mathematics, information science, computer science and graphics with the methods of co-citation analysis and co-occurrence analysis in bibliometrics, using knowledge mapping to demonstrate the core structure, development history, frontier areas and knowledge framework of the discipline. It solves the problems of traditional literature research methods, such as difficult data screening and heavy workload and has the advantages of being scientific, comprehensive, standardized, accurate and simple . In thishttp://www.scopus.com, accessed on 10 September 2022), which now uniquely combines a comprehensive, expertly curated abstract and citation database with enriched data and linked scholarly literature across a wide variety of disciplines. In Scopus, scholars can quickly find relevant and authoritative research, identifies experts, and get access to reliable data, metrics, and analytical tools. Boasting the largest pool of author profiles available (17 million and counting), Scopus easily outmatches the competition [Scopus is a multidisciplinary abstract-indexed database launched by Elsevier  in 2005 petition . It is opetition .First, in order to obtain as much relevant literature as possible, “Tourism Carrying Capacity”, “TECC”, and “TCC” were used as keywords in the “Topic” of the literature search, including title, abstract, and keywords; second, the time span was set to “1982–2022”, and then the search code was set to  and Language: (English) and Time range: (1982–2022). The search was conducted on 25 July 2022, and the database was last updated on 5 August 2022. A total of 862 results were collected and carefully checked . In the first round of screening, monographs, conference proceedings, and book reprints were excluded, and only journal articles and reviews in English-language were collected, as these are generally considered more influential and reputable than the formers. In the second screening round, results that did not involve tourism, travel, or leisure studies and were not related to environmental carrying capacity were excluded from this study. Finally, 297 valid re-study results were retained as the literature sample.To address the objectives of this study, the article uses analysis methods such as keyword co-occurrence and bursty analysis and analyzes the volume of publications and journal trends.Co-word analysis uses the co-occurrence of word pairs or noun phrases in a collection of literature to determine the relationship between topics in the discipline represented by that collection. Keywords are the core summary of a paper, and analysis of keywords in a paper can provide a glimpse into the topic of the paper . SeveralBursty words are keywords with low frequency but increasing growth momentum . This inCiteSpace and VOSviewer software can be used to analyze a large number of keywords for co-occurrence and burst detection and to identify hot spots and trends in a scientific field more objectively and effectively.The network construction in CiteSpace is based on time slice. In this study, the unit of the time slice is set to 5 years . Note types are selected as Author, Institution, Keyword and Reference for analysis. The network construction in VOSviewer is based on the whole, and in this study, the Type of analysis selects Co-occurrence and Bibliographic coupling, respectively, and the Unit of analysis selects All Keywords and Sources, respectively.Our Common Future at the 8th World Commission on Environment and Development in Tokyo, Japan, the concept of sustainable development was introduced into tourism research and policy at this point, and the theme of TECC received significant attention. Along with environmental issues or overload issues in some tourist destinations, etc., many empirical studies of TECC were conducted at this time. The third stage is the booming stage from 2015 to the present, with the official adoption of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit held in New York in 2015; as all sectors pursue SDGs, researchers also work toward sustainable development, and since the travel and the tourist industry is a key component, sustainable tourism development has become a hot topic. They tend to focus on projects that are relevant to the TECC. The number of articles published has reached a peak in the last two years. Conceptual studies, assessment model studies, management tools, and early warning studies, as well as empirical studies on the TECC of various types of destinations, have been flourishing and appearing in various journals.The annual distribution of literature is a mapping of the quantity of literature in the time dimension. It is a quantitative basis for understanding the research progress and classifying the research stages and can reflect the development level of TECC research to a certain extent. As is shown in From the results of the keyword co-occurrence analysis presented in As a complement to the keyword co-occurrence analysis, the bursty word analysis demonstrates how the study hotspots for TECC have changed over time .. Since Neo-Malthusianism gave rise to the idea of TECC, which later developed into a comprehensive system that includes physical capacity, tourist thresholds, growth management estimates, etc. Numerous research on the environmental impact of tourism has been conducted, but their development has not been systematically sorted out. Various assessment models have been developed from the first descriptive and straightforward data used in these studies. However, it is debatable if various models can adapt to various settings and circumstances. Additionally, there are multiple kinds of tourist destinations, and these destinations exhibit different characteristics and experience varying degrees of overload issues. In order to address these issues and support the tourism destinations’ sustainable development, management tools and early warning systems must be used. As a result, the conceptual analysis of the TECC, the study of assessment models, the empirical analysis of categorized destinations, and the analysis of management tools and early warning systems constitute the four main components of this chapter’s literature review. According to these four results, we further conclude 4 characteristics of current research and put forward 4 prospects regarding the future research agenda.Carrying Capacity of Wildlands for Recreation. He argues that recreation capacity is the amount of recreation used in a recreation area that can sustain tourism quality over time. Research on tourist capacity has developed since Wagar. The term tourism capacity was formally introduced by the World Tourism Organization in its work report in 1978–1979, marking the beginning of tourism capacity into the scope of international research. Hovinen (1982) [The concept of recreational carrying capacity evolved from a neo-Malthusian perspective of resource limitation. The concept of carrying capacity was originally developed in the field of range and wildlife management, based on the notion that organisms can only survive within a limited range of physical conditions, i.e., “the availability of suitable living conditions determines the number of organisms that can exist in the environment” , the pron (1982)  defined n (1982)  defined n (1982)  describen (1982)  also poin (1982) , in discn (1982) , on the n (1982)  proposedn (1982)  argued tn (1982)  pointed n (1982)  conducten (1982)  determinIn the early studies of TECC, scholars mostly used descriptive and simple statistical methods. However, with the development of tourism, science and technology, these methods have become outdated. Currently, there are two types of TECC prediction: quantitative studies and qualitative studies, of which the former is the most commonly used research method. Han  establisIn the empirical study of TECC-categorized destinations, it presents a shift from initially fragmented point-like to tourist routes and county-based tourist destinations, etc., from point to line and surface, and the research scope coexists with micro-scale, mesoscale and macro-scale. Scholars have explored TECC based on different theoretical perspectives, including DEPSIR , PSR 7070 and EEWhile foreign scholars call for national laws to guarantee the role of management tools, domestic scholars place more emphasis on improvement-oriented management initiatives in tourism destinations. Common management tools include the limits of acceptable change (LAC) , visitorThe research on TECC early warning system is in the preliminary exploration stage, and current research mostly focuses on wetland parks , marine From the current research results, the study of TECC generally presents the following characteristics: (1) The differentiation of conceptual research. The scholars have different interpretations regarding the concept of TECC and make its research content very different, including but not limited to the measurement of the natural environment, resource space, social-economic, cultural and psychological aspects, but reach a consensus on its purpose, including promoting the sustainable development of the destination and enhancing the satisfaction of tourists and residents. (2) Continuous enrichment of assessment models and deepening of research methods. Assessment models have shifted from qualitative descriptions and simple statistical methods to modeling analysis and related methods, including non-causal time series models, causal relationship models, artificial intelligence models and combination models, and quantitative measurements with BP neural networks, fuzzy hierarchical analysis, set-pair analysis, input-output analysis and area method, etc., and research results have become more objective and reasonable. (3) Gradual expansion of research scale. The initial empirical research of TECC focused on some micro-regions such as Colorado Grand Canyon National Park , Red SeaBased on the characteristics summarized in the above discussion, this paper puts forward the following outlook for the subsequent research on TECC: (1) strengthen the growth management and optimal decision target research of TECC. TECC is a complex system, and it being measured based on different dimensions shows that natural resources, economic and social, cultural and psychological subsystems are all factors involved in TECC, and future research should focus on the dynamic evolution of TECC and can simulate and predict TECC through the neural network, machine learning and other methods to reduce the measurement model in subjective factors to achieve the goal of optimal dynamic decision-making. In addition, it is necessary to adjust according to the empirical object and carrying capacity management objectives and combine the relevant theories of sociology, psychology and economics to build a scientific and objective TECC model. Secondly, subdividing each stakeholder and conducting comparative research according to the needs of each stakeholder can be done with the help of coupling theory in order to achieve balance or maximize the comprehensive benefits of each interest subject. (2) Combined with the software of related disciplines for comprehensive analysis. TECC involves ecology, environmental science, geography and sociology and other disciplines, and the existing research only focuses on the use of a discipline of software for a single aspect of the measurement, which weakens the overall systemic TECC. Subsequent research can focus on integrated software such as Ansys Fluent, ENVI and ArcGIS for simulation prediction, forward inversion and spatial analysis to scientifically study the overall system of TECC. (3) Focus on the expansion of TECC research. Although the research on the TECC of various types of destinations is rich, the articles are almost all based on the characteristics of the destination for adaptive quantitative research. The corresponding comparative research is relatively small, and its extension and expansion are weak, weakening the systemic nature of TECC theme research. Future research should take into account the extended adaptive range of TECC while focusing on the ontological self-adaptation of case sites, which will make the research more theoretical and practically meaningful. (4) Research on succession management tools and early warning systems. In terms of time series, the existing research is increasingly inclined to find some reasonable and effective capacity management tools on the basis of a specific understanding of environmental capacity conditions so as to achieve the goal of capacity control and the development of capacity management tools has become a new hot spot for research. At the same time, on the basis of time interface analysis based on experience and historical data, deepen the research on geographical differences and time series changes of environmental carrying capacity to better realize the role and significance of management tools and early warning systems, future research can introduce neuro-tourism simulation experiments, scenic spot management simulation and tourism safety simulation experiments, etc., to strengthen the simulation for tourism places and TECC in order to realize dynamic control.In this paper, a bibliometric analysis of 297 articles retrieved from the Scopus data platform, including volume data, journal distribution, keyword co-occurrence and bursty word co-occurrence analysis, was conducted in Citespace and VOSviewer analysis tools, and the study found that.Before the 21st century, the topic of TECC received less attention because most tourist places were in the early initial development stage. Since entering the 21st century, with the booming tourism industry and the emergence of some negative impacts in some tourist places, the research on TECC has increased greatly, especially in the last 5 years.Sustainability, Wit Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, Tourism Management, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, Wit Transactions On Ecology And The Environment, Tourism Management, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research and Ocean and Coastal Management are the international journals with the most articles on the topic of TECC, with 24 articles on Sustainability. In contrast, the Tourism Management journal was early to focus on the topic of TECC and has been published annually since the 1980s, although only about 1 article per year in the early years.Early studies on TECC mostly focused on measuring TECC in natural tourism destinations, including areas such as global geoparks, national parks, recreational wetlands and independent islands, while subsequent studies focused on elements of tourist satisfaction and residents’ perceptions, with an eye on social carrying capacity and economic carrying capacity. In 2015, with the UN Sustainable Development Summit held in New York, marine sustainability became an important topic, especially in Catalonia, Spain, where the study of environmental carrying capacity has become a recent hot topic. In addition, the European region  and the Asian region have been the main regions of TECC studies in the last 20 years.The concept of TECC originates from environmental carrying capacity, but in comparison, TECC contains various socio-economic and psychological factors, which is more complex, and a unified definition of this content has not yet been formed; the measurement methods of TECC have shifted from the initial descriptive and simple statistical methods to computers , GIS and integrated models. However, the research on early warning and management tools of tourism carrying capacity is relatively less.The study of TECC generally presents four characteristics, i.e., The differentiation of conceptual research, continuous enrichment of assessment models and deepening of research methods, gradual expansion of research scale and the improvement of the management tool system.Although the study reviewed articles on TECC and used literature data from the Scopus database for the bibliometric analysis to remedy some of the shortcomings of previous studies, there are some limitations in the article, such as the study only selected journal articles and review articles for the analysis, which may ignore some important and relevant literature. In addition, in the bibliometric analysis, only English-language literature was selected for the analysis, while regions such as Provence, Brazil, and Japan, which are some recent tourism hotspots, are non-English speaking areas, which can make the analysis results somewhat limited. Plus, TECC research in Western and Central European countries, especially in France, Germany, Italy, and Poland, started earlier than in North America, but those findings were most published in their national languages and are usually ignored. Nevertheless, this study provides a systematic review of TECC studies in the Scopus database for the period 1982–2022 to provide references for subsequent empirical studies and tourism destination management practices. Future studies could include conference articles and other language sources for analysis  to compensate for the limitations of the current study and pay more attention to the early studies in Western and Central European countries to better close the knowledge gap.Based on Citespace and VOSviewer analysis software, this paper conducts a bibliometric analysis and literature review on 297 articles screened from the Scopus database on TECC, including keyword co-occurrence and bursty word co-occurrence analysis and research on concepts, applications, assessment models and management tools and early warning, followed by a review of existing research, including the divergence for conceptual research, the continuous enrichment of assessment models and the deepening of research methods, the gradual expansion of research scales and the continuous improvement of management tools, and proposes four future research directions, namely, strengthening the growth management of TECC and optimal decision-making objectives, combining software from related disciplines for comprehensive analysis, focusing on the expansion of TECC research, and continuing the research of management tools and early warning systems. Finally, the findings of the bibliometric analysis and literature review are discussed, and the limitations of the paper are pointed out as well as the directions for remediation. Notably, early TECC studies were primarily published in non-English languages in Western and Central European nations, particularly in France, Germany, Italy, and Poland, and this may have led to a knowledge gap to some extent. Future studies should find an approximate solution to this challenge, either by making comparisons or by doing research on these corresponding national languages.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important and widely used technologies in the world. It has improved processes, reduced costs, and increased safety, and productivity. The use of the IoT in the control of electronic equipment, industrial factories, farm centers, and agricultural fields has been very successful leading to an increase in the amount of production and improved quality of products. Drowning is one of the most important issues in safety and health topics, and many studies and technologies have been designed to reduce the death rate caused by drowning.Using the IoT in drowning by designing sensors and creating a communication platform-based internet in swimming pools, entertainment centers, ships, submarines, etc. through increasing the control and accuracy of safety systems can significantly reduce deaths due to drowning. This technology is important in the following aspects of drowning:i) It improves the performance of safety systems (increasing accuracy and ease of prevention)ii) It reduces the costs iii) Creating income for knowledge-based companies (creating a market and producing new equipment)This study was based on the national drowning registry system of Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.IoT in drowning refers to the development and use of IoT in drowning prevention equipment and programs. With a strong focus on machine-to-machine communication, big data, and machine learning, it enables control centers to achieve better efficiency and reliability. By using this technology, you can get more accurate information about air quality, water quality, risks, and climate changes to prevent drowning. IoT devices in this application typically span a large geographic area and can also be mobile. The development of IoT-based equipment in the marine transportation system, seashores, swimming pools, etc., especially in developing countries, can reduce drowning-related deaths. Drowning, Technology, Internet of Things (IoT), Guilan