The creation of OHHLEP represents a recognition at the highest level of the urgency and complexities surrounding One Health and the intent to take this concept forward into policies and concrete actions.The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic once more demonstrated the close connection between humans, animals, and the shared environment. Although still under investigation, the closest relatives of this virus exist in animals, and the factors leading to spillover remain to be fully understood. This interconnectedness again highlighted the need for a One Health approach. Although the One Health concept is not new and has been at the forefront of interdisciplinary and multisectoral discussions for years, there is now an increased interest for this approach to be applied and translated into action. Following a proposal made by the French and German Ministers for Foreign Affairs at the November 2020 Paris Peace Forum, 4 global partners, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the World Health Organization (WHO), in May 2021 established the interdisciplinary One Health High-Level Expert Panel (OHHLEP)  are closely linked and interdependent.The approach mobilizes multiple sectors, disciplines, and communities at varying levels of society to work together to foster well-being and tackle threats to health and ecosystems, while addressing the collective need for healthy food, water, energy, and air, taking action on climate change and contributing to sustainable development.equity between sectors and disciplines;parity  and inclusion and engagement of communities and marginalized voices;sociopolitical and multicultural equilibrium that seeks a harmonious balance between human–animal–environment interaction and acknowledging the importance of biodiversity, access to sufficient natural space and resources, and the intrinsic value of all living things within the ecosystem;socioecological stewardship and the responsibility of humans to change behavior and adopt sustainable solutions that recognize the importance of animal welfare and the integrity of the whole ecosystem, thus securing the well-being of current and future generations; andtransdisciplinarity and multisectoral collaboration, which includes all relevant disciplines, both modern and traditional forms of knowledge and a broad representative array of perspectives.The newly formed operational OHHLEP definition aims to be comprehensive, to promote a clear understanding across sectors and areas of expertise, and to support the Partners and their Member States in framing their One Health strategies, programs, and implementation plans. This includes the forthcoming Joint Plan of Action for One Health (2022 to 2026), the key strategic framework that will guide the cross-sectoral collaborative activities of FAO, OIE, UNEP, and WHO. The definition should be considered as an overarching set of guiding principles that can be further tailored to specific stakeholders. It is intended to assist in orienting the general outline and considerations for a One Health approach and the opportunities for innovation, cooperation, and collaboration among all relevant sectors and disciplines. While food and water security, energy, and environmental/ecosystem health are wider topics with sector-specific and specialist concerns that may extend beyond the scope of One Health approaches, their interface is where multiple sectors have shared responsibility and relevance in protecting health and addressing health challenges. This One Health approach is not just focused on zoonotic disease or antimicrobial resistance but can address the full spectrum from prevention, health improvement, and health promotion to the detection, preparedness, response, and recovery from health crises. The approach is applicable at community, subnational, national, regional, and global levels. It relies on shared and effective governance, communication, collaboration, and coordination to understand co-benefits, risks, trade-offs, and opportunities for equitable and holistic solutions.Political commitment and leadership, including prioritization and allocation of resources that are distributed in equitable ways, are essential for the successful implementation of the integrated One Health vision. However, we need to recognize that there are substantial political, legal, ethical, financial, capacity, and societal barriers and complexities in developing and implementing a unified One Health approach. The commitment of political, sectoral, organizational, and individual societies to implement it successfully will address human, animal, and ecosystem health, including other issues like biodiversity loss, clean air and energy, the impact of climate change, food and water security, and social inequalities. This approach has clear advantages to improve health for all, embed social and environmental protection, and support sustainable economic development and resilience.


One Health is an emerging research area that has received increasing attention globally. In this study, we aimed to explore the global research trend and hotspots of One Health and provide a reference for potential future research and practices.This was a bibliometric descriptive study of publications on One Health in four directions, including zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety, and vector-borne infections. Publications from 2003 to 2021 were retrieved using the Scopus database on One Health, which were screened based on the PRISMA guidelines. Keywords were analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer software.n = 312; 1%). The main research directions within the area of zoonotic diseases included viral, bacterial, parasitic zoonotic diseases, and vector-borne diseases, with a small amount of antimicrobial resistance research. The major research interests within antimicrobial resistance were Enterobacteriaceae drug-resistant bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and antimicrobial resistance gene detection; research on food safety clustered around agronomy research, aquaculture research as well as a small amount of antimicrobial resistance research in food; and research on vector-borne diseases focused on mosquito-borne infectious diseases, tick-borne infectious diseases, and vectors.A total of 12,815 publications were included. The annual number of publications and those on each topic showed a gradual increase from 181 in 2003 to 1,647 in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of about 20.2%; the top three countries in terms of the number of publications were the United States of America , the United Kingdom  and China ; the major research subjects were mainly in the natural sciences, with fewer social sciences subjects involved (The scientific literature on One Health has witnessed a rising global trend. Most research has focused on the human-animal health interface, while environmental health is often neglected. Research subjects mainly fall within natural science disciplines, with less social science research. More support needs to be given to interdisciplinary and intersectoral cooperation and research in the future. Continuous outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are now rampant, threatening human health and wreaking havoc on socioeconomic development . The WorHealth is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals, and ecosystems. It recognizes that the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked and interdependent. The approach mobilizes multiple sectors, disciplines, and communities at various levels of society to work together to foster well-being and tackle threats to health and ecosystems while addressing the collective need for clean water, energy, and air, safe and nutritious food, taking action on climate change, and contributing to sustainable development  defined One Health as follows: One elopment . In receBibliometrics is a statistical method used to analyze a body of literatures and its bibliometric characteristics, evaluate the development of a specific field, and predict its future trends . In partFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, this study used the bibliometric approach to analyze the research trends on One Health by (a) time and number of publications; (b) countries of publications; (c) most active journals; (d) subject areas; (e) citation of publications; (f) keywords of publications.We used the Scopus database as the data source for this study. Scopus is one of the largest bibliometric database that contains the metadata necessary for a bibliometric analysis , 13 and *)] AND TITLE-ABS-KEY . The retrieved publications represent research conducted at the human-animal-environment interface on the four priority topics of One Health.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety, and vector-borne infections are the four priority topics of One Health . AccordiThe term “One Health” was first coined in 2003 by William Karesh, DVM . Hence, In the Scopus database, the Full Record and Cited References were exported in 7 steps of with 2,000 records each and imported into VOSviewer 1.6.15. In the software, we set the Type of analysis as “Co-occurrence,” the Unit of analysis as “Author keywords,” and the threshold value as 10 to draw the keyword co-occurrence clustering analysis map.In this study, we used VOSviewer, a visualization tool, to perform keyword clustering analysis on the collected literature. The software constructs and presents bibliometric maps with differences in distance, size, and density between references based on the co-citation principle of literature, which can be used to form a clustered view of the literature to assess its research directions and hotspots . ClusterOverall, the number of publications related to the four research topics on One Health has steadily increased over the past 18 years with varying rates among years . The numAmong the four topics, the number of zoonosis-related publications has been on a steady rise; the growth of antimicrobial resistance publications has accelerated since 2014 and has reached the same level as zoonosis publications in 2019; the number of food safety publications has only started to show an accelerated growth in 2017, while the number of vector-borne disease publications has remained in a slow-growth phase with a low number of publications.The 10 countries producing the highest number of papers on One Health are the United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), China, France, Italy, Germany, Brazil, Australia, Canada, and India . The US PLoS ONE was the most prolific journal with 343 publications followed by PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases with 212 publications. The top 10 active journals included three journals in the field of zoonoses, three in the field of environment, and two in the field of vector-borne diseases. PLoS ONE received the highest normalized citation per publication. Half of the journals in the top 10 list were ranked by Scopus as Q1 and all of them were affiliated with countries in the top 10 list for the number of publications, mainly with the US, UK, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. In addition, two specialized journals - One Health and International Journal of One Health, did not rank in the top 10 due to the smaller number of publications.The top 10 active journals are listed in The top 10 cited papers were listed based on Scopus databases. Among the top 10 cited publications, most were published between 2004 and 2015 on antimicrobial resistance  Table 3Table 3.Keyword analysis was conducted on the four key topics of One Health, and keywords with a frequency >10 were extracted to generate a keyword co-occurrence map, which reflects the current direction of attention for each of the four topics. The size of the circle reflects the frequency of the keywords, and the thickness of the link represents the strength of the association. The following are the results of keyword analysis.Zoonoses are divided into five research hotspots - (1) virEnterobacteriaceae resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella (blue area); and 3) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (green area).Antimicrobial resistance is divided into three research hotspots - (1) theFood safety is divided into three research hotspots - (1) agrVector-borne diseases is divided into three research hotspots - (1) mosThis study used a bibliometric approach to examine the trajectory, bibliometric characteristics, and research hotspots of the four priority topics in One Health. The results show that the number of publications in these four areas has continued to grow since 2003, with acceleration starting in 2008. The US ranks in the top tier in One Health research with close international cross-institutional collaboration. Research disciplines dealing with One Health are mainly natural science disciplines, with less research conducted in social science disciplines. Keyword analysis reveals that the studies mainly focused on human and animal health, while less attention was paid to environmental health.The number of publications is an important indicator in bibliometrics that reflects the amount of attention on a research field is receiving and whether the field is growing over time. This number has continued to grow in the field of One Health in recent years, with an acceleration starting in 2008. This is probably related to the multi-institutional collaboration between WHO, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), the World Bank, and the United Nations System Influenza Coordination (UNSIC) in 2008 . The steZoonotic diseases have long been a key research area of One Health and its publications continue to grow, reaching a brief peak in 2020 possibly due to COVID-19 pandemic. The number of antimicrobial resistance-related publications has started to grow rapidly since 2014, which is likely spurred by the publication of WHO's first global report on antimicrobial resistance in 2014 based on data from 114 countries worldwide . The pubThe US, UK, and China have a relatively high number of publications on One Health. US and UK have established several One Health government agencies, international organizations, educational and research institutions, and research funds. UK and US universities are also actively collaborating on One Health training programs. However, most of the programs are established only for veterinary specialties . In ChinAnother interesting finding is that there is no correlation between The use of a multidisciplinary approach mentioned in the past definition of One Health has been expanded to a transdisciplinary approach in the latest CDC definition of One Health . TransdiOne Health represents a systematic approach that combines human, animal, and environmental health. However, our findings indicate that the current studies on One Health focus on human and animal health, while little attention is paid to environmental health. Meanwhile, due to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, the tendency to concentrate on wildlife studies and neglect environmental health may be further reinforced. There is thus a need to fill the research gap between environmental health and human-animal health in order to improve the framework and implementation of One Health apporach .Zoonoses with wild animals as hosts  have increased in recent decades and focus on One Health research, while the role of One Health approach applied in parasitic diseases has also been discussed . ResearcEscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in the order of decreasing frequency, and the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes was one of the hot spots, which is consistent with the results of this study , more and more research in this emerging field has shifted focus to the application of One Health approaches at the human-animal-environment interface to address complex global public health problems. In order to generate an integrated solution to challenges posed collectively on humans, animals, and the environment, it is necessary to promote cross-sectoral, trans-disciplinary, and cross-regional cooperation and advocate an integrated human-animal-environment management strategy. Finally, as most of the disciplines involved in One Health with medicine-related issues only, there should be more interdisciplinary exchanges with non-medical disciplines such as politics, law, economics, and management.LM contributed to the study design, manuscript writing, literature search, analysis, and visualization. HL, WD, DW, XG, and XZ contributed to draft review, editing, and validation. SP and SL participated in language editing. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version.This study was supported by China Medical Board [Grant No: 20-365] and the programme of the Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research [Grant No: 131031104000160004].The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.


Dear Editor,Erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) is a rare condition characterized by a generalized and desquamative erythema that involves >75% of the body surface.In conclusion, our case has shown that apremilast may be effective in long‐term treatment of EP, highlighting it as a precious therapeutic opportunity for patients with contraindications to other treatments. More data are needed to draw updated guidelines.The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.Matteo Megna gave substantial contribution to conception and design of the work, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, draft and critical revision of the article for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published. Sonia Sofìa Ocampo Garza gave substantial contribution to conception and design of the work, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, draft and critical revision of the article for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published. Gabriella Fabbrocini gave substantial contribution to acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, draft and critical revision of the article for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published. Eleonora Cinelli gave substantial contribution to acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, draft and critical revision of the article for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published. Angelo Ruggiero gave substantial contribution to conception and design of the work, draft and critical revision of the article for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published. Elisa Camela gave substantial contribution to conception and design of the work, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, draft and critical revision of the article for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published.Table S1. Review of the literature: EP cases treated with apremilast. BSA, body surface area; CsA, cyclosporin; MTX, methotrexate; PASI, psoriasis area severity index.Click here for additional data file.


It is worth noting that, on the world stage, preventive treatment has been making timid progress since it was launched in 2018, and with the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been practically a stagnation, which worries health authorities around the world.Brazil, ranking 19. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), case management by nurses in the context of TB refers to follow-up of cases, both in active disease and in infection, from diagnosis, treatment to completion of therapy, in which the necessary resources for the control and elimination of TB are provided.Among the various international initiatives aimed at expanding the coverage of preventive treatment among vulnerable groups, there is the articulation and involvement of nurses through the case management strategy. It is worth noting that there is consistent evidence of the effectiveness of case management by nurses in the context of TB and HIV comorbidities, by expanding care for vulnerable groups, better compliance, positive/favorable clinical outcomes, low risk of iatrogenic events, greater coverage of preventive treatment, equity and a people-centered approach,4.In case management by nurses, all individuals with active disease become non-infectious upon completion of treatment, all individuals with TB infection remain non-infectious, and all individuals without TB infection TB do not be infected,4.Nurses’ autonomy in TB diagnosis and treatment is revealed to be one of the main bets for advancing access to the health system and for overcoming geographic, economic, cultural and organizational barriers between people living with HIVFrom a legal perspective, it is important to highlight a favorable environment for the intervention of case management by nurses, by investing in these professionals’ autonomy, whether for requesting diagnostic tests or prescribing treatments, according to Professional Practice Law 7.498/1986, which regulates the practice of nursing, the Resolution of the Federal Nursing Council (COFEN) 564/2017, which approves the Code of Ethics for Nursing Professionals, and Resolution (RDC) 471 of February 23, 2021, which provides for the criteria for prescription, dispensing, control, packaging and labeling of drugs based on substances classified as antimicrobials for prescription use, alone or in combination.In the light of international policies, and from the perspective of the autonomy of nurses and their leadership, to reduce disparities and inequities in access to health services, the movement in Latin America and the Caribbean for Advanced Practice Nursing is essential for the inclusion of nurses in the prescription of preventive treatment for TB, as countries participating in the IMPAACT4TB project are already doing. In these places, the inclusion of shortened treatments, combined with the expansion for nurses’ prescription, was responsible for doubling the number of treatments offered in the services.Considering that nursing is the largest contingent of human resources in the health system and that, in TB control services in Brazil, they are responsible for care management, the inclusion of nurses in the strategy of prescribing preventive treatment will make considerable progress towards achieving the goals of ending TB as a public health problem and alleviating suffering, illness and deaths resulting from TB.It is time to take a step ahead of the disease, an opportune moment for the Ministry of Health to institute a strategic policy for TB prevention by nurses, supported by specific protocols and adequate qualification for the mission to eliminate TB in Brazil.


Gender equality leads to better health and mental health for women and girls as well as to better public health and mental health for all. Inequality, discrimination and social exclusion are both cause and consequence of mental health problems for all and affecting women and girls in specific and substantial ways. Equality through the realization of non-discrimination, respect and enablement of autonomy as well as full inclusion in all spheres of life are demands of gender equality legislation as well as human rights obligations for persons with mental health problems. Essentials of non-discrimination laws concern key areas, including health, family planning, marriage and parenthood, employment, housing, education, standards of living and social, political and cultural participation, along with the right to be free from exploitation, violence and abuse. Gender-specific attention to the risks, rights and needs of women and girls and their families are legal obligations as well as clinical and scientific responsibilities. Because of the cumulative and interacting gender-based and other forms of discrimination, regulations such as those following the adoption of the UN-Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities include specific provisions for women with psychosocial disabilities. Other examples for the urgent necessity of a gender-sensitive approach are – among many others - safety and gender-responsiveness of community and hospital settings, humanitarian crisis response, working with family carers, and of course, mental health teaching and research, including efforts towards gender parity in academic psychiatry.No significant relationships.


In China, border cities are developing in the direction of trade, investment, tourism, and regional diversification and becoming crucial for the national opening-up strategy and inter-regional exchange. In this study, we construct a comprehensive system for measuring and evaluating the resilience of border cities in China that also reveals the spatial and temporal characteristics of resilience. Three representative sample zones  are selected within the three major regions of China to analyze the regional differences in border city resilience and propose targeted coping strategies. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the spatial distribution of resilience in Chinese border cities varies significantly, with the overall resilience decreasing in the following order: Northeast China > Southwest China > Northwest China > North China > Tibetan China. Higher resilience of border cities is predominantly related to better economic foundations and advantages in border trade. Second, the resilience of China's border cities has increased significantly over the past decade, with highly resilient border cities concentrated in the northeastern part of China, the northern part of Xinjiang, and Guangxi Province. Moreover, high resilience generally spreads to surrounding low-resilience cities over time. Third, the spatial distribution and development trends of resilience levels differ among the three sample zones. Therefore, it is crucial to improve urban resilience according to the regional characteristics of each border city and its specific developmental stage. With further globalization of the Chinese economy, urbanization, industrialization, and informatization are increasingly spreading to the country's border areas. Thus, frontiers that served as barriers in earlier times no longer exist. Cities that have evolved from settlements based on their unique locations, typically considered border cities, now take on the dual functions of national security barriers and economic and cultural links . Since tResearch on border cities has long been a key issue in political geography –7. Most Collectively, little research has been conducted on the development quality and status of China's border cities, with most studies on urban resilience focusing on national or regional scales, such as cities in the central-eastern and coastal regions of China; thus, border cities have long been neglected . MoreoveOriginally conceived in the field of physics as the ability of an object to return to its initial state, the concept of resilience was introduced to ecology by Holling in the 1970s and has since been cited in psychology, engineering, and socioeconomic research . After IThe concept of border city resilience encompasses the state and degree of adaptation of the border city territorial system in overcoming the adverse disturbances caused by the interaction between changes in the natural environment and human activities, based on the advantages of its own structural characteristics and functional attributes. As location conditions carry all the elements necessary for the creation and development of a city, dynamic changes in location conditions inevitably affect the economic, social, and planning development of a city in multiple ways . The borChina has the longest land border  and the largest number of neighboring countries in the world. The geopolitical development of China's border areas is complex, with widely varying locational conditions. China has 14 land neighbors and 45 prefecture-level border cities in nine border provinces and regions, including Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Tibet, Yunnan and Guangxi .http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/), statistical yearbooks of the border provinces and regions, and statistical bulletins of the cities (http://www.tjcn.org/tjgb/) for data supplementation. Data on government-issued policies were obtained from the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, the Office of Port Management of the General Administration of Customs, and a list of key border areas in the Opinions on Several Policy Measures to Support the Development and Opening of Key Areas along the Border issued by the State Council. The Country Vulnerability Index was obtained from the Fund for Peace website. The UN Human Development Index is based on the United Nations Development Program. Geographical distances were measured using the Baidu map pickup co-ordinate system and ArcGIS10.2 software. Missing data were interpolated to complete the dataset.Forty-one prefecture-level cities in the border areas of China were selected as the study objects, of which Daxinganling, Tacheng, Ali, and Shannan were excluded from the study owing to serious data deficiencies. The three time points chosen for the study were 2010, the first year of the 12th Five-Year Plan; 2015, the closing year of the 12th Five-Year Plan; and 2020, the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan. The data were mainly obtained for the period 2010–2020 from the China Urban Statistical Yearbook 2010–2020, the Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook of the Ministry of Housing and Construction  Urban system layerAccording to the urban resilience measurement method, we consider the harmonious symbiosis between production, life, and ecology for three urban spaces. The economic base, resource allocation, and production structure are the basic conditions for the resilience of urban systems. The effectiveness of living space is a fundamental function of a city and a measure of the resilience of the “people” in the city. As a key physical element, the city infrastructure is a direct and real factor influencing the quality of life of its inhabitants. Ecology builds the green barrier of a city, and the creation of a livable ecological city is crucial for preventing flooding and mitigating pollution. Indicators referring to each of these three spatial layers were used to measure the role that each element of the urban system layer in the border city has on its level of resilience.(2) Border system layerFrom its birth to its development, a border city cannot be separated from the geography of the border area, which is connected to the interior and exterior of the city, forming the basis on which cross-border trade is conducted, with the economic prosperity of the city as the carrier. The degree of openness to the outside world in a border economy oriented toward trade at ports has always been a key concern for the state. According to the law of distance decay in geography, the distance between a border city and its neighboring important cities affects the ease of transmitting its resources. In addition, border areas are bordered by neighbors in a complex and volatile environment, where political and social conflicts and the economic level of other countries can become factors of vulnerability that threaten the country according to the openness of its borders. Therefore, we used a three-layer sub-system of openness, strength of ties, and neighboring environment to measure the role that each element of the border system layer in border cities has on the level of resilience.As each evaluation index has different levels and orders of magnitude, we adopted the z-score standardization method to process the data in a dimensionless way and eliminate the influence of data with different levels of magnitude on the resilience evaluation. The TOPSIS evaluation model, which is based on entropy weights, was used to measure the resilience of Chinese border cities. Specifically, the standardized data were normalized, the weights of each indicator were determined by the entropy weighting method, and the TOPSIS model was applied to calculate the positive and negative ideal solution distances of the target vector for each year by defining a measure in the target space, where the closeness of the evaluation target to the ideal value was calculated for ranking. Finally, we calculated the resilience evaluation value of each border city. The advantage of the entropy-TOPSIS model is that it is operational and the results are reasonable . The levThe BCR was calculated using the above evaluation model. Then, ArcGIS10.2 was used to spatially link the BCR values to the study area in vector format and visualize the spatio-temporal geographic information. The natural breakpoint method takes into account the range and number of elements in each group, as close as possible, and can be used to divide subjects into groups with similar attributes. Based on Jenks' natural breakpoint method, the BCR was divided into five categories based on its magnitude, i.e., lowest, lower, medium, higher, and highest resilience . The valThe sample zone is a collection of continuous linear study sites that represent a series of sites that vary regularly or show significant differences in geographical gradients owing to dominant factor drivers . To reveThe BCR of the 45 prefecture-level cities, states, or regions in China's border areas was measured for the three study years  according to the model described in Section 3.3.2. The average BCR of border cities was 0.3174, 0.3323, and 0.3397 in 2010, 2015, and 2020, respectively, showing a gradual increase in resilience over time, the average resilience of China's border cities in 2015 was 4.694% higher than that in 2010, and in 2020, it was 2.227% higher than that in 2015. When comparing individual BCR values across the 3 years, Xinjiang Changji Prefecture had the highest BCR of 0.5048 in 2015, whereas Kashgar, Xinjiang, had the lowest BCR of 0.2449 in 2010 . Figure In 2010, the resilience levels of most border cities in China were generally low, with minimal regional differences. According to the five major regions , and Tibetan China), the average resilience level of border cities in 2010 decreased in the following order: North China (0.3222), Northeast China (0.3128), Southwest China (0.3053), Northwest China (0.3043), and Tibetan China (0.2604) . In termThe BCR values of border cities in 2015 were significantly different from those in 2010, with all cities showing an overall increase in resilience and more pronounced spatial differences, specifically in the northeast and northwest regions and in eastern Inner Mongolia. That is, cities in northeast and eastern Inner Mongolia showed significant increases in BCR values, whereas the southwest and Tibetan regions showed no significant improvement in resilience. During this year, border cities began to make a breakthrough in terms of resilience quantity and quality, transitioning from only one highest-resilience city and two higher-resilience cities in 2010 to three highest-resilience cities and six higher-resilience cities .The resilience level of border cities in 2020 showed a relatively small change from that in 2015, except in the southwest region. The highest-resilience region was dominated by eastern Northeast China, northern Xinjiang, and western Guangxi, whereas the lowest resilience region included southwestern Xinjiang and Tibet, which showed no notable improvement effect. In Yunnan Province, the resilience level of border cities was significantly increased, with a transition from lower resilience to highest resilience and significant regional differences overall. The northern region had the largest average BCR of 0.3514, showing an increase of 0.011 from that in 2015, with the best overall regional resilience quality and the fastest rate of resilience improvement in Tibet, followed by the southwest region, with BCR values showing an increase by 11.4 and 5.52%, respectively, from 2015. In 2020, there were five border cities with the highest resilience and nine border cities with higher resilience. In the northeast, the cities of Jixi, Mudanjiang, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, and Dandong had an average resilience index value of 0.3868. The northern region had the most balanced resilience level, with Baotou exhibiting the highest intra-regional resilience level of 0.447, which was decreased from that in 2015. The greatest variation in city resilience levels was found within the northwest region, with the highest resilience level in Yili at 0.4345 and the lowest resilience level in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture at 0.299, with a difference of 0.135 between the two, reflecting the huge gap in development between the north and south of Xinjiang. The resilience index of Yunnan border cities in the Tibetan and southwest regions is rising slowly, whereas cities in Guangxi Province have improved significantly, with the emergence of Chongzuo as a high-resilience border city , 2.Regarding the evolution of border city resilience from 2010 to 2020 in more detail , the resIn this study, three sample zones of border cities in Northeast China, Xinjiang, and Yunnan–Guangxi, which are located in three key development directions of China's border area, were selected to draw a trend line of the resilience level of each zone in 2010, 2015, and 2020 using the geostatistical trend line analysis method in ArcGIS 10.2 . This an(1) Northeast China: Northeast Asia sample zoneThe BCR values of northeast border cities, which span the three provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, were approximately arranged in an inverted “U” shape, i.e., BCR values were higher for the western side, mainly Heihe, the northeast side, including Jixi, Mudanjiang and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, and the southern side, Dandong, than for the other cities. However, the three cities on the northeastern side have maintained high levels of resilience over time, increasing their differences from their neighbors and becoming more structurally prominent. Subject to the influence of the urban base and international environment, the northern side of Heilongjiang Province, as the border river between China and Russia, has convenient transportation and serves as a good basis for cooperation between the two countries. Jixi City and Mudanjiang City have their own urban volumes, which are greater than those of the surrounding cities, and have relied in recent years on the advantages of transportation, population, and national policies to improve the quality of development, in addition to port trade, foreign investment, and border tourism to optimize the economic structure, which has accelerated the resilience of these cities. The border cities in the north and east, as traditional forest and agricultural areas in the northeast, have good basic conditions for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry but a weak foundation for secondary and tertiary industries and face the dilemma of industrial structure defects and difficulties in transformation. Moreover, this part of the region has long belonged to the labor export outflow area and faced the pressure of negative population growth, with a high degree of aging and a high unemployment rate, relative to the cities in the northeast and Dandong City in the south, where the export of trade-oriented industrial development is constrained. Intra-regional development disparities have accelerated factor flows, with resources from cities with differing infrastructure flowing more to developed regions, large provincial cities, and the parts of neighboring countries that border China far from their own economic and political centers, which makes it difficult for Northeast China's border cities to prosper. In addition, the long-term population exodus, the existence of social problems such as aging urban infrastructure, low income of residents, and employment difficulties, as well as the low degree of openness of the neighboring Russian Far East and North Korea to the outside world, which reduces the development potential of border cities on the Chinese side, have led to large spatial differences in resilience of the border cities and unstable development trends in this sample zone.(2) Xinjiang province: Central Asia sample zoneThis zone includes border cities with high levels of resilience, consisting of various regions, cities, states, and leagues in northwest China, as well as those bordering Central Asian countries and Mongolia, including Xinjiang, Jiuquan in Gansu, and the Alashan League in Inner Mongolia. The difference in resilience between cities in the east and west of the sample zone was not significant, and its trend line is approximately a smooth curve, characterized by a “convex” structure with low levels in the east and west and high levels in the center. The difference in resilience levels between cities was greatest in 2010 and least prominent in 2015; in 2020, the curve became more pronounced, reflecting an increased difference in resilience levels between cities. This phenomenon is primarily caused by constraints of the natural environment. The northwest region straddles arid and semi-arid zones, with large areas covered by grasslands, deserts, the Gobi, and other land cover types that are relatively harsh. However, Xinjiang, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia rely on their rich resources of livestock, minerals, oil, and gas, coupled with increasing openness toward Central Asian countries, four of which joined the SCO as early as 2001 and have a high degree of political mutual trust. Moreover, closer economic cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative will, to a certain extent, make better use of the city's proximity to the border and make up for the inherent shortcomings of its natural geographical environment. Furthermore, the ecological environment of the southern border region and western Inner Mongolia still deserves protection, as overgrazing and reclamation of pastureland has led to ecological fragility and consequent severe weather conditions such as sand and dust storms, which directly threaten the normal functioning of the city. In addition, the economic development of the northern border region has long relied on mining mineral resources and petrochemical processing, resulting in pollution and a fragile industrial structure. We recommend that the region as a whole should restore its ecology while developing tourism and that multiple initiatives should be taken to improve the resilience of the city and achieve healthy and sustainable development of northwestern border cities.(3) Yunnan–Guangxi: Myanmar–Laos–Vietnam sample zoneThe sample zone extends from the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan to Fangchenggang City in Guangxi and includes 11 cities bordering the Southeast Asian countries of Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. The resilience level of border cities in this sample zone increased from west to east, with an overall trend line of double smooth curves in parallel. The region covers three water systems, namely the Nujiang, Lancang, and Duijiang Rivers; cities in the Nujiang River Basin showed the lowest level of resilience, followed by cities in the Lancang River Basin, with cities in the “Youjiang” River Basin in Guangxi Province exhibiting the highest resilience. The Yunnan–Guangxi border area has good water and temperature conditions, high forest cover, and complex topography. Unlike the two sample zones mentioned above, the Yunnan–Guangxi sample zone lacks large areas of flat land conducive to urban-scale development, which limits the carrying space for urban production and living. In this environment, the inconvenience of geographic location becomes a challenging factor that hinders the comprehensive resilience of the city in terms of accessibility and the quality of life of residents. The trend line in 2020 was flatter than that in 2010, with the overall gap narrowing as the resilience of border cities in the southwest region increased across the board. Notably, the strength of national policy support for Yunnan and Guangxi provinces has reinforced the effective functioning of border cities across the border. We found an obvious role of each city in trade with Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. Moreover, these cities have attracted increasing attention in terms of good prospects for radiating ASEAN countries, as well as investment in talent, investment environmental management, and other related elements. This has led to an improvement in the quality of urban construction while actively promoting comprehensive construction of border cities with high levels of resilience.This study makes two major contributions to the research field. First, regarding theoretical knowledge, we construct a comprehensive, focused, and visual system for exploring the resilience and healthy development of border cities in China. This study differs from existing research in relation to the location conditions and development of border cities in China. Most existing studies start from macro-scale countries (regions), meso-scale cities , and micIn this study, we summarize the methods and processes of these four categories of research, which represent studies of “cities in the border”  and “theThe second major contribution of this study is to provide guiding suggestions for the development of Chinese border cities in combination with government policies. The national government provides policy support to border cities, and local governments take measures to formulate effective development models according to local conditions. In this study, we explored the weaknesses of regional border cities through resilience measures and spatial differences in recent years and proposed measures to improve urban resilience. These measures include maintaining high-resilience border cities to optimize the urbanization structure, reasonably optimizing the urbanization quality, building a border area growth pole, actively undertaking the industrial transfer of developed areas, introducing emerging industries, paying attention to technological innovation, improving the product market and competitiveness, creating a good market investment environment, developing a series of investment promotion preferential policies to enhance city vitality, encouraging scientific and technological innovation, and promoting the development of border city transformation measures . For borThe limitations of this study are predominantly related to data collection limitations and the complex factors affecting the resilience of border cities. As border cities are far less comprehensive than mainland capital cities and coastal cities in terms of data disclosure, the lack of data is a serious issue. Moreover, the reality of China's border cities is complex. China's border areas are vast, and border cities in different regions are faced with different levels of economic development and resource endowments; therefore, it is difficult to identify a unified development pattern. Although we deconstructed the concept and analytical framework of the resilience of China's border cities and then analyzed their spatio-temporal patterns and regional differences, we did not further explore the factors influencing the resilience of border cities because of objective factors such as the complexity of the main body of border cities and the difficulty of obtaining some data. We aim to conduct further research on this aspect in future. The development of China's border areas has attracted substantial attention from the international community and Chinese government. Various international, national, and local incentive policies have been introduced to encourage development , 43. In In this study, we collected urban panel data for 2010, 2015, and 2020, as well as data used to characterize internal and external city linkages, to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics and evolution of resilience in border-level cities in China at the national scale. A city resilience system was constructed from the perspective of border city relationships, and the main interannual variations and spatial differences in the resilience of China's border cities were summarized by quantifying their resilience levels. The main findings are as follows:We observed significant spatial divergence in the level of resilience in Chinese border cities, with overall resilience decreasing the following order: Northeast China > Southwest China > Northwest China > North China > Tibetan China. Coastal border cities such as Dandong and Fangchenggang had greater resilience than inland border cities. The spatial differences in BCR values were consistent with the economic level of border regions as well as the construction of ports and export-oriented trade orientation. Moreover, the spatial difference coincides with the level of economic and trade development of border areas, which directly influences investment in urban infrastructure and environmental management. The economy is not only an important component of the border system but also the basis for increased resilience of the urban system at border locations. However, gaps in the resilience level of border cities are inextricably linked to factors such as physical geography, historical foundations, population movements, and policies. Most border cities in China still rely on their geographical location and geopolitical advantages. In addition to forming an economic development model that focuses on foreign trade, close links between the main body of the city and the border crossing and its surrounding areas are strengthened. By ensuring the healthy and high-quality development of highly resilient cities, the quality of resilience in small- and medium-sized cities can be improved, and the geographical gap in resilience between cities can be gradually reduced.From 2010 to 2020, the overall resilience level of China's border cities showed an upward trend, with spatial disparities gradually increasing. In particular, 2010–2015 was a critical period for the resilience of border cities nationwide, and by 2015, the combined resilience of northeast China and the northern border region of northwest China had reached its highest level, becoming the most resilient areas of China. In 2020, the number of cities with medium and high levels of resilience dominated; however, concentrated contiguous areas of cities with medium to low levels of resilience still existed. For border cities, the elements between the border and urban systems cannot be separated, and the integration and matching of elements between systems is key to improving the resilience of border cities.According to its geographical proximity, the northeastern sample zone showed an inverted “U” shape, with western, northeastern, and southern parts exhibiting high and continuously increasing resilience and all other cities in the zone exhibiting reduced resilience. The Xinjiang sample zone showed no significant differences from east to west, and the resilience trend line was approximately a smooth curve, characterized by a “convex” structure with low levels in the east and west and high levels in the center and a “gentle to prominent” trend over time. The Yunnan–Guangxi sample zone showed an increasing level of resilience from west to east, with a double smooth curve parallel structure. Cities in different sample zones and stages of development face significantly different risks and shocks. The construction of a resilient city at the border must be tailored to the local conditions, that is, the regional nature of the border and the stage of urban development. Simultaneously, refined and dynamic coping strategies that consider the general environment and future urban development potential of border areas should be developed.The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/LS: form analysis, topic research, method proposal, progress management, and article writing. FP: fund acquisition, conception, supervision, review, and editing and modification suggestions. SW: conceptualization, methodology, theory proposal and verification, software application and visualization analysis, article writing, and data management. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.


Each index of the system was obtained by sorting analysis of radar chart. The weight table of evaluation index was calculated by analytic hierarchy process. Therefore, the evaluation index system of training quality of high-level tennis team constructed in this study aims to provide reference for real-time monitoring, comprehensive evaluation, and diagnostic evaluation of each link of high-level tennis team training.The paper established the evaluation index system of training quality of high-level tennis team, which comprising five first-class indexes: work planning evaluation index ( Training quality is an important factor to measure the improvement of athletes' competitive ability and affects not only their comprehensive performance, which is the core content for diagnosing and evaluating athletes, but also a comprehensive concept, which is composed of the coaches “coaching ability, training conditions, athletes” enthusiasm to participate in training and other elements. In the process of constructing and developing high-level sports teams, scientific and systematic training is the key link to change athletes' competitive ability and improve training performance, which plays a supporting and leading role in the cultivation and development of sports reserve talents. Since the scientific evaluation system can reflect the development of sports and the implementation effect of relevant policies, relevant workers can grasp the development process of training at any time. Many developed countries have studied this from the perspective of athletes, coaches' evaluation, and sports team management. The quality evaluation of sports team training includes three aspects: first, the perspective of athletes, including the physical condition, technical and tactical ability, pre-game state adjustment ability, and self-analysis of sports performance; second, the perspective of the coach, including the evaluation of teaching ability; and third, the angle of the sports team, mainly involving the team management  education, the all-round development of young people is of great concern. The construction of a high-level tennis team training quality evaluation system, from the dimension of scientific and technical literacy, has laid a good development space for the promotion of physical and mental health and the improvement of competitive ability of this special group of young athletes, and broadened the reserve of competitive reserve talents.The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive evaluation method for the training quality of high-level tennis teams and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and reasonable regulation and control of the training work of high-level tennis teams.In the research of training quality evaluation, experts and scholars mainly focus on the process of mathematizing the evaluation contents of different sports with multiple objectives and criteria, and then obtain accurate and scientific evaluation results, which can be used as a guide and reference for improving athletic ability of athletes.In the study of athletic ability of athletes, experts and scholars mainly focus on the characteristics of sports, highlighting the characteristics and complexity of competitive ability.In the research on the evaluation index system of sports teams, Chinese scholars mostly discuss both subjective and objective aspects, and some studies present the analysis of a certain aspect, but it is not common to analyze the whole aspect of sports team training. Foreign scholars' research on the training of high-level sports teams mainly focuses on a particular aspect of the components of sports teams, such as sports techniques and tactics, athlete psychology, and other perspectives, and analyzes the problems related to the training of the whole sports team. As the rapid development of modern competitive sports has put forward higher requirements for sports team training, further research on systematic training of high-level sports teams is needed in order to make the training of sports teams develop in an efficient and refined way.Through consulting and sorting out the literature on the quality of tennis team training, including journal papers, master's thesis, books, and relevant policy documents, the key words of “tennis team” and “training quality” were searched, summarized, and analyzed. Based on this, relevant experts' research of training quality of high-level tennis team are determined and divided into training work planning, training work implementation, training work monitoring, tennis team work management, and sports competition results.Exploring the components, connotation, evaluation principles, methods of Training Quality of High Level Tennis Team, we have interview some experts through the way of face to face talk, telephone interview, and E-mail. The experts are mainly come from experts and scholars in sports colleges, front-line coaches work in provincial team and management personnel of all kinds of sports team. Based on the investigation of the current training situation of China's high-level tennis teams, the actual development of training planning, training implementation, training work monitoring, tennis team work management, and sports competition results are summarized and refined in According to the information in According to the first two parts, sorting out the primary selection indexes of training quality evaluation of high-level tennis team and designing the questionnaire “screening table of training quality evaluation index of high-level tennis team.”The degree of authority of the experts is an indication of the reliability of the questionnaire, which is expressed by the familiarity of the experts with the selected indicators and the basis of their judgment. The quantitative values of the familiarity and judgment basis are shown in A coefficient of authority value of ≥0.70 is generally considered to be within the acceptable range. In this study, The degree of coordination of experts' opinions reflects the variability of the selected experts' evaluation of the index, which can be expressed by calculating the coefficient of variation and the coordination coefficient. The coefficient of variation is a statistical measure of the degree of variation of different experts' opinions, and the smaller the coefficient of variation, the higher the degree of coordination of experts. The formula is: CV = I/V, and CV represents the coefficient of variation, I represents the standard deviation, and V represents the mean. The expert coordination coefficient reflects the degree of consistency of experts' opinions on the index. In this study, the coordination coefficients and chi-square values of experts in the first and the second rounds were calculated based on the results of the first and the second rounds of expert consultation and the related formulae , 6.In the form of written and online questionnaire survey, two rounds of survey were conducted among sports training experts, representative senior coaches, scientific research personnel, and training management personnel in the tennis industry. The final result was based on the second survey. According to the screening results, the importance degree (average score ≥4 points) is taken as the evaluation index of training quality of high-level tennis team.The questionnaire was sent to 20 experts, and testing the validity of the questionnaire  shows thr = 0.835, p < 0.1 of the two questionnaires was calculated, indicating that the questionnaire issued in this study has high reliability.In this study, we adopted the method of retest. After formally distributing the questionnaire for 15 days, 50% of the respondents were randomly selected to reissue the same questionnaire, and the data were processed. By comparing the results of the two surveys, the According to the requirements of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), this article designed a “questionnaire on the weight of elements in the hierarchical structure of training quality of high-level tennis teams.” SPSS25 was used for statistical analysis on the collected questionnaires, determining the weight of training quality indicators of high-level tennis teams, and analyzing the evaluation indicators.At present, there is no specific standard for judging the level of sports teams. In China, it is mainly used to implement athlete technical grading system .At the present stage, the skill level of Chinese tennis players is mainly evaluated according to their competition level and ranking, which generally can be classified as elite athletes, first-class players, etc. But usually, due to the different recruitment standards and training conditions of sports teams in different provinces and cities, the overall competitive level is not judged by the individual performance of athletes, that is, the level of athletes themselves, but by the level of the competition and ranking of sports teams.Some experts think that the “high level” is a relative concept. The training of high-level athletes should be divided into at least two levels: one level is the high level relative to the average student, where these athletes should have a high level of special sports skills, and this part of the sports team group with a certain foundation and skills is called “high level;” and another level is the high level relative to professional athletes, who have a good athletic talent and athletic foundation, professional athletes can be achieved through scientific training, and these athletes belong to the competitive type of “high level.” These two “high levels” play an indispensable role in the process of sports development, and they are also the embodiment of the training of sports talents at all levels  training work planning, (2) training work implementation, (3) training work monitoring, (4) network team work management, and (5) sports competition results.To reflect and measure the research object comprehensively, the evaluation system is to reflect the characteristics and rules of high-level tennis team training, and the training quality evaluation index system can more comprehensively reflect the actual situation of high-level tennis team training. To ensure that the selected indexes can objectively and accurately reflect the training quality of high-level tennis teams, according to the relevant literature and existing research basis, preliminarily constructing the evaluation index system of tennis team training quality. After the screening, determining the evaluation index system of the training work of the high-level tennis team  is focusCompetitive ability includes five elements: physical fitness, skill, tactical ability, mental ability, and intelligence. Systematic training is a decisive factor for the steady improvement of athletes' competitive ability , important (four points), general important (three points), unimportant (two points), and very unimportant (one point). According to the results of expert questionnaire, the mean value and coefficient of variation of the indicators can be calculated. Among them, the mean value refers to the concentration degree of experts' opinions. The higher the value, the higher the importance, and the average value mean value is required to be not <4.0. The coefficient of variation is the coordination degree between experts on a certain index; the smaller the coefficient, the higher the coordination degree of the index  and the coefficient of coordination (W). The smaller the variation coefficient, the higher the consistency; when the value of the coordination coefficient is between 0 and 1, the greater the value, the higher the degree of consistency.Coefficient of variation formula: b is the number of experts; k is the number of evaluation indexes).Coordination coefficient formula: p < 0.01. Therefore, it is considered that the experts have a good consistency in the evaluation indexes of the training quality of high-level tennis teams, and the evaluation result is credible.The results of expert questionnaire survey: using SPSS25 to analyze the expert evaluation results, the results show that the consistency coefficient of the first-level index is 0.688, the second-level index is 0.479, and the third-level index is 0.744; According to experts' opinion concentration and coordination degree to eliminate, merge, modify, and delete indicators, the average index score above four points, expert opinion concentration and overall coordination degrees below 0.2 shall be preserved. Finally, the evaluation indexes of training quality of high-level tennis teams, including five first-class indexes, 17 second-class indexes, and 75 third-class indexes is determined .In this study, the AHP was mainly used to determine the weight coefficients of the evaluation indexes, which is not only a multi-objective evaluation decision-making method suitable for complex structure but also an evaluation method combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. It is decomposed into general objective layer, sub-objective layer, and criterion layer according to the leading relationship of factors, divided into general target layer, sub-target layer, and criterion layer, constructing the multi-target and multi-level model to form a progressive hierarchical structure. By calculating the importance of the low-level evaluation matrix, one yields the importance ranking of the low-level evaluation matrix Satti, .From the perspective of high-level tennis team training quality evaluation, through consulting a large number of studies at home and abroad, it can be found that it mainly includes five parts: training work planning, training work implementation, training work monitoring, sports competition results, and sports team work management /(n − 1)Calculate consistency index CI: CR = CI/RI , the index weight of training quality of high-level tennis team is as shown in The secondary index weight of training quality of high-level tennis team is sorted from large to small according to the normalized processing results  compreheTraining planning is a process in which a high-level tennis team formulates training contents and plans according to the players' actual state and phased training objectives. Scientific and systematic training plan is not only the blueprint of tennis team training, but also the main carrier of the whole training work implementation (National Strength Conditioning Association, The implementation of training work is the concrete display of the whole training work. which should not only consider the intricate internal factors, but also consider the operability of the actual situation (Nicola and Keith, Training work monitoring is not only the real-time supervision and feedback of training effect, but also the action guide for dynamic adjustment of coaches' strategies. Whether the training work planning is appropriate, the training work is scientific, the sports team management is comprehensive, and the sports competition results meet the expectations, etc., need to be fed back according to the training work monitoring, so as to provide scientific and effective reference for the player training work Yu, . From thThe work management of tennis team is the premise and foundation to improve and guarantee the training work, and is a systematic project to establish and maintain the implementation of the work Nancy, . In the Sports competition performance is a characteristic symbol reflecting the result of training work, but also an important symbol of evaluating the quality of training work Vescovi, . The traThe concept of “training quality of high-level tennis team” is preliminarily defined, which mainly includes five aspects: training work planning, training work implementation, training work monitoring, sports competition results, and sports team work management.Constructing the evaluation system of training quality of high-level tennis team included 5 first-class indexes, 17 second-class indexes, and 75 third-class indexes. In addition, formulating the weight table of training quality evaluation indexes for high-level tennis teams.This study analyzed the main components of the training quality of high-level tennis team as follows: training work planning is not only the blueprint of tennis team training, but also the main carrier of the implementation of the whole training work. The implementation of training work is the concrete display of the whole training work, which should not only consider the intricate internal factors, but also consider the operability of the actual situation. Training work monitoring is not only the real-time supervision and feedback of training effect, but also the action guide for dynamically adjusting coaches' policies. Sports competition performance is a characteristic symbol of reflecting the result of training work and an important symbol to evaluate the quality of training (Gema et al., The evaluation index system of training quality of high-level tennis team constructed in this research can help the coaches to improve and adjust the training control factors and to promote the comprehensive and coordinated development of high-level athletes. At the same time, the evaluation criteria for the follow-up training work promote the sustainable development of China's competitive tennis industry and ensure the realization of the overall development goals of China's competitive sports.In the follow-up work, based on the index system and weight of this study, the comprehensive evaluation standards will be formulated and then applied in some high-level tennis teams. In order to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the development of high-level tennis team guidelines, forming a set of high-level tennis team training quality evaluation system by screening and repairing the problems in the actual operation is essential.In the future research, comprehensive analysis and evaluation model of training quality will be built through which we can realize the quantitative analysis, diagnosis, and evaluation of various types and constituent factors of training quality of high-level tennis teams. According to the analysis and evaluation results, the work quality composition chart of high-level tennis team will be established, so as to carry out scientific monitoring on the sports training process to achieve the purpose of “promoting quality by evaluation.”The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication.This study was supported by Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, project name: Study on Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Training of High-level Professional Young Female Tennis Team in China.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.


Building on the experience and results of important European initiatives like the TO-REACH Action, the new European Partnership on Transforming Health and Care Systems aims to accelerate the sustainable transformation of European health systems. By means of multidisciplinary research with a focus on improving the uptake of innovative solutions by health system actors, including organisational, service, and overarching policy innovations, the partnership plans to achieve access to high quality, sustainable and innovative health care for European populations. This presentation will explore current and upcoming plans for the Partnership, as well as discuss some of the lessons learnt from past initiatives and how these, combined with the experiences from the pandemic, have contributed to shaping the new Partnership's agenda. Inputs from stakeholders in the audience will be collected to inform the Partnership's ongoing learning process.A country perspective from SloveniaVesna-Kestrin PetricSlovenian Ministry of Health, Ljubljana, SloveniaHealth system strengthening and transformation – Current priorities of the European CommissionIsabel de La MataDG SANTE, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium


The Maxwell A. Pollack Award for Contributions to Health Aging Lecture will feature an address by the 2021 Pollack Award recipient Namkee G. Choi, PhD, FGSA, of the University of Texas at Austin. This session will also include the presentation of the 2022 Maxwell A. Pollack Award to recipient Nancy Morrow-Howell, MSW, PhD, FGSA, of Washington University in St. Louis. The Maxwell A. Pollack Award for Contributions to Healthy Aging Award recognizes instances of practice informed by research and analysis, research that has directly improved policy or practice, and distinction in bridging the worlds of research and practice.


Farmland abandonment is one of the most important land use changes in the world today and crucial to the sustainable development of the global environment. The authors carried out extensive research on farmland abandonment from many perspectives, but, due to the variety of the research contents, rich research perspectives, and complex research objects, the current research in this field lacks comprehensiveness, objectivity, and systematization. In this study, the bibliometric R software packages bibliometrix and biblioshiny  were used to analyze the development history and current situation of 896 articles on farmland abandonment in the Web of Science core collection database from 1980 to 2021, revealing their research hotspots and predicting the future development trends. Over the past 40 years, the number of published papers on abandoned farmland has continuously increased. Research mainly focused on the ecological environment, with natural succession, biodiversity, and vegetation restoration being high-frequency keywords in this field. Research on the social aspects of farmland abandonment has developed rapidly in the past 6 years. Based on these findings, this paper put forward four future research directions: the data source for the extraction of abandoned farmland should transform to high spatial-temporal resolution and hyperspectral remote sensing images; the method should pay more attention to the time series change detection and the application of the model; future research should focus on the economic costs of the reclamation of abandoned farmland and the ecological consequences of such reclamation; and the global ecological impact of vegetation succession after the abandonment of farmland should be further discussed from a broader perspective. Land use change seriously affects the sustainable development of the global environment ,2, especThe term “farmland abandonment” has different definitions, depending on the method and content of the study . The JoiPrevious studies reviewed numerous aspects of research in the field of farmland abandonment. For example, the impact of farmland abandonment on the ecosystem and biodiversity  could beGenerally, literature reviews on farmland abandonment only cover a certain country or region ,46, therBibliometrics is an alternative approach to analyze the distribution structure, research topics, and changing trends of a large number of academic publications via mathematical and statistical methods and visualizes the results through visual and intuitive charts ,48. CompBibliometrix has been widely used to quantitatively analyze the literature in geography-related fields. For example, Soler et al.  retrieveHere, we used the bibliometrix and biblioshiny R language packages to comprehensively analyze the literature in the field of farmland abandonment, considering studies published in the Web of Science core database between 1980 and 2021. First, the development process, current situation, and trend of the research period in the field were identified through the statistical analysis of the annual output of related publications, citations, journal sources, and the main research countries and regions. In addition, collaborative network analysis and clustering of authors, keywords, and topics determined the research hotspots and future frontiers in this field. Based on the above analysis, the problems to be addressed are as follows: (1) What is the trend of article production and citation in the field of farmland abandonment? (2) What are the fluctuation trends regarding the authors, journals, and countries in the field of farmland abandonment? (3) What are the main research directions in the field of farmland abandonment? (4) What is the future research focus in the field of farmland abandonment?To improve the representativeness and usability of the data, the data were collected from the Web of Science core collection database , which iUsing the bibliometrix and biblioshiny software packages, the research status and trends in the field of farmland abandonment were reviewed and analyzed. Data analysis included a quantitative analysis of annual scientific production, citations, and journal sources, a collaborative network analysis of authors, countries, and regions, a clustering analysis of document keywords, and the evolution analysis of thematic trends and monitoring methods in abandoned farmland areas during the research period . The pre(1) Problems and spans of design research: This paper identified farmland abandonment as the research topic and searched the core database of the Web of Science for articles from 1980 to 2021 by determining search terms, search time, and document types. (2) Data collection: An article database was built  by exporTo analyze the general situation and development trend of the research field, the number of published articles  and the From 2001 to 2015, the number of published articles on farmland abandonment showed an upward trend, albeit with fluctuations, with an average of 25.13 articles per year, accounting for 42.1% of the total published volume. Mean citations peaked in 2003, 2008, and 2015. During this period, sustainability issues, such as climate change and food security, became major concerns. With increasing population size, urbanization, and farmland intensification, the migration of the rural population to cities has led to the large-scale abandonment of farmland. In this period, the contribution of the rational use of abandoned farmland to sustainable development was recognized, and the administration of abandoned farmland has become a hotspot ,79. For From 2016 to 2021, the number of articles on farmland abandonment increased dramatically, especially in 2020 and 2021, with 80 and 93 articles, respectively. The papers published during this period accounted for 46.99% of the total articles published. In this period, in addition to a change from the traditional ecological perspective to a more modern approach, the research perspective was more diversified, involving the driving factors of farmland abandonment ,87,88, sLand Use Policy over the entire period accounted for 3.6% of the total published articles, followed by those published in Sustainability, with 2.9%. In terms of total citations, Land Use Policy was the most-cited source, followed by Catena with 1642 citations; the ninth-ranked journal, Remote Sensing, had the lowest number of citations (165). Taking into account the H index, Remote Sensing was again at the bottom of the list, whereas the seventh-ranked journal, Forest Ecology and Management, had an H index of 17, which was the same as the first-ranked journal Land Use Policy.To study the development of the research area in different journals, the sources of journals were ranked considering the number of publications, the H index, and TC  . The H iLand Use Policy had the largest production volume and the fastest growth rate during the research period. (2) Forest Ecology and Management had a significant production volume before 2014, with a decrease thereafter. (3) Catena published the first papers on farmland abandonment in 1999, with stagnation in the middle part of the research period and a significant increase after 2016; Land Degradation & Development showed a similar trend. In general, over time, farmland abandonment become the focus of several journals.According to the journal source dynamics, the evolution curve of the cumulative number of published articles for the 10 most productive journals was plotted over time , obtainiWe first ranked the most relevant authors in the field of farmland abandonment, along with several bibliometric metrics , and subThe results in the Author Collaborative Network  were divThe first group examined farmland abandonment in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union after the disintegration of socialism. Different land policies, economic development, and reform strategies led to large differences in the abandonment rates among different countries ,95. DuriThe second author group mainly studied the effects of farmland abandonment on soil and hydrological conditions in the Mediterranean region ,98. For The third group of authors focused on the effects of farmland abandonment on the Loess Plateau of China, such as the effects on soil carbon sequestration  and the The fourth group of authors mainly analyzed the factors driving and influencing the abandonment of rural farmland in China. In this country, more areas are abandoned in mountainous and hilly areas than in the plains . Xu et aSimilar to the second and third groups, the fifth group of authors also discussed the relationships between farmland abandonment and vegetation and species diversity but paying more attention to the afforestation on abandoned farmland in eastern and northern Europe. For example, hybrid aspen plantations planted on abandoned farmland in Estonia were monitored, and their impacts on understory vegetation and species numbers were discussed , as wellThe sixth group of authors focused on abandoned farmland in the mountainous areas of Nepal, such as the Himalayan mountains ,109 and The seventh group of authors studied the changes in species distributions after farmland abandonment, focusing on birds. The main study area was Hokkaido, Japan, where abandoned farmland and wetlands coexist. The authors assessed the landscape patterns of the abandoned farmland  and compAt least five of these clusters were interested in ecological issues, whereas the remaining two clusters reported social concerns. Based on different natural conditions, policies, and systems, studies on farmland abandonment showed obvious regional differences.Considering the authors’ production over time , TeodoroTo identify the key countries and regions in terms of publication number and impact, the cooperation network between countries and regions was analyzed . BetweenBased on the national collaboration network , the mosThe top 10 cited articles  reflecteIn addition, the paper ranked No. 2  used theAfter the collapse of the socialist system in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, under the dual impact of the system and the economy, farmland abandonment differed among different European countries. The article ranked No. 8  studied The third-ranked article mainly studied the driving mechanism of grassland abandonment on forest expansion. Although the total citation number was high, the local citation rate (LCR) was 0, indicating that the article was not correlated to the field of farmland abandonment. The fourth-ranked article estimated the abandoned global farmland area via land use data from the global Environment 3.0 historical database and MODIS satellite images, demonstrating the bioenergy potential of the global abandoned farmland  using thBy comparing the top 20 author keywords (DE) and keywords-plus (ID) most related to the field of farmland abandonment , farmlanUsing the functions of cluster analysis and multiple correspondence analysis, biblioshiny could reflect the hotspots, themes, and writing directions in the field of farmland abandonment. Cluster analysis was used to cluster complex keyword–network relationships into several relatively simple groups . The keyThe first cluster category focuses on the study of biodiversity, species richness, and plant communities after farmland abandonment. There are obvious regional differences in the ecological and environmental consequences of farmland abandonment. For example, most studies in European regions show that the encroachment of vegetation on bare land and original farmland after abandonment will have a negative impact on lizards, birds, and other animal species . One stuThe second cluster category mainly contains studies on vegetation and species restoration over time after farmland abandonment. Zhang et al.  studied The third category contains publications on the impacts of natural succession on forests, soils, and microbial communities, mostly in the mountainous areas of Europe and on the Loess Plateau of China. Cojzer et al. , in SlovThe fourth category focused on methods to extract abandoned farmland, studying the mode, driving force, and spatial determinants of abandoned farmland. The commonly used method identified abandoned farmland by analyzing the inter-annual land use change in a given study area. Subsequently, the driving factors and spatial determinants of farmland abandonment ,152 wereThe fifth category was similar to the third and fourth categories. However, this category not only constructed the extraction method of farmland abandonment but also focused on the bioenergy potential abandoned farmland , estimatIn Europe, with the highest number of publications on farmland abandonment, studies on the distribution, patterns, consequences, and impacts of farmland abandonment formed a separate cluster. The causes of farmland abandonment in Europe are various, depending on the region and period under consideration. Due to natural conditions, historical development, and economic, social, and demographic backgrounds, agricultural conditions vary from region to region. For example, Terres et al. established a unified indicator of the driving factors of abandonment through a comprehensive analysis of farmland abandonment in different regions of Europe, including the aging population, the low population density, the low farm income, the small scale, and the poor implementation of agricultural plans. This indicator covers the possible drivers of abandonment in all EU countries and can be flexibly applied according to the background of different regions ,157,158.Theme evolution analysis can explore the changing laws, relationships, paths, and trends of the content, and intensity and structure of the research topic over time. Here, the study period was divided into three stages, with strategic coordinates being drawn . OverallDuring the development stage from 2001 to 2015 , the theDuring the active phase of 2016–2021 , studiesThis study reviewed the abandoned farmland monitoring methods used in the database. The representative methods in this field changed over time  and can (1) Field survey. The largest advantage of this method is that it can explain the mechanism behind farmland abandonment, although it is difficult to obtain a complete view of all abandoned farmland areas in a given region due to the lack of spatial details. Therefore, the extraction of abandoned farmland often uses field survey data coupled with other models. For example, Florian et al. distributed the survey data of European Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus to the remote sensing image data through the spatial allocation model, obtaining an accuracy of 65% . Raymond(2) Classification of remote sensing images. Visual interpretation methods are mostly applied to Mediterranean mountains ,42,81, a(3) Change detection method. Some authors took more than 30 countries in central and eastern Europe as the research area and used MODIS NDVI time series products to extract abandoned farmland. This product has a high time resolution, and the characteristics of abandoned farmland can be compared with the growth cycle characteristics of vegetation types. However, the spatial resolution is low (250 m). This study also combines SVM classification, obtaining an accuracy of 50.7% . Estel eWe conducted a quantitative analysis and visualization of articles published in the field of farmland abandonment from 1980–2021 at the macro-scale by using the bibliometrix and biblioshiny software packages, based on the Web of Science core collection database. From this, we determined the current status and future development trends of scientific production in this field, overcoming the shortcomings of previous literature reviews that rarely comprehensively analyzed the research results from multiple perspectives and revealed the potential changes.The annual scientific output results showed that the number of articles in the field of farmland abandonment fluctuated and increased rapidly, especially after 2016. According to the number of articles issued, the research period can be divided into three stages: budding stage, development stage, and active stage. Judging from the average number of citations of papers, the years with the strongest development in the field of farmland abandonment were 1987, 2003, 2008, and 2015. Over time, more attention was paid to abandoned farmland as such, with most papers being published from 2007 to 2017; however, the overall quality of the publications declined after 2018.Land Use Policy was the most productive journal in the field of farmland abandonment from 1980 to 2021, with the highest number of citations and the highest H index. In terms of research strength, China was the country that published the most articles, although countries in Europe were more influential. Cooperation between countries suggested that some countries in Europe, such as Germany, the UK, and the Netherlands, focused more on collaborative research. When considering both the number of papers published by independent authors and international cooperations, papers published by countries such as China and the United States through independent research were more common.Journal source analysis showed that Studies on farmland abandonment were two-branched: one branch mainly analyzed the social factors, such as policies and trade, which may promote or inhibit the abandonment of farmland; the other focused on the ecological impacts of farmland abandonment, such as impacts on soil quality, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity. The same trend was found in the authors’ collaborative network, with five of the seven most productive research groups focusing on ecological aspects and the other two on social factors.The most common keywords were farmland abandonment, land use, vegetation, dynamics, forest, and management. Analysis of the theme evolution of abandoned farmland showed that vegetation, landscape, dynamic degree, and management were the most commonly used keywords in the first stage. The influence of the most used keywords in the second stage was weakened; in this stage, the focus was on the improvement of the extraction technology. The last period was related to the driving forces and determinants of farmland abandonment, in addition to vegetation succession and biodiversity. The theme that remained constant throughout the study period was the succession of vegetation after farmland abandonment.This study has two limitations. First, it relies more on dynamic databases that are constantly updated as the number of indexed journals increases or decreases. Therefore, the bibliometric analysis of farmland abandonment may change in the next few years. Another limitation is that this study largely relies on the results obtained from visual charts. However, the display of results lacks a richer global perspective. The global perspective can, however, be improved by incorporating other databases, such as Scopus.Overall, the results obtained can help researchers determine the specific research areas and contents of farmland abandonment. The analysis of the cooperation between the author and the country may facilitate the investigation of the authors in the field of farmland abandonment or the formulation of policies at the national level. In addition, this study provides a database and analyzes the different topics and methods for future researchers, assisting in the selection of research areas and topics.According to the results, farmland abandonment research needs to be further expanded in the following aspects:(1) In terms of data sources, farmland abandonment experienced a process from the traditional family survey data to the remote sensing image data; the latter underwent a transformation from low to high spatial resolution. However, the high-resolution images used for farmland abandonment generally have a low temporal resolution. In the future, the use of multi-source remote sensing data to combine high temporal resolution and high spatial resolution for farmland abandonment extraction may become the mainstream of research. Nowadays, there are more and more applications of hyperspectral images, and improvements in spectrum number and spectral resolution can significantly enrich spectral information, revealing more details of ground objects. Such an approach would greatly improve the accuracy of remote sensing in the identification of ground objects. In the future, this direction can be explored with the use of hyperspectral images to extract abandoned farmland.(2) To extract abandoned farmland, change detection methods are mostly used. The extraction accuracy largely depends on the classification accuracy, and the classification error of each temporary phase will be accumulated, affecting the final result. Moreover, the classification of heterogeneous images is independent and does not consider the correlation of time, making it easy to ignore vegetation changes in the growth cycle, resulting in unreasonable change detection results. Classification time series data can effectively avoid this problem, and models such as the Landsat-based detection of trends in disturbance and recovery (LandTrendr), breaks for additive season and trend (BFAST), and continuous change detection and classification (CCDC) can demonstrate this. Today, only the LandTrendr model is used for the extraction of abandoned farmland. With the rise of deep learning, the remote sensing time series change detection research based on deep learning has attracted the interest of many researchers. Deep learning is an automated learning based on the end-to-end mechanism. It does not rely on prior knowledge, but it is still difficult to automatically mine data and acquire the spatiotemporal features of images. In the future, how to use these models to effectively extract abandoned farmland may be an important development trend.(3) Since the 21st century, the impact of global climate change on ecology and the social economy has been an important topic. In recent years, the global outbreak of COVID-19 and regional armed conflict have caused unprecedented crises in the world, seriously affecting agriculture, the economy, human health, and food security. It is, therefore, of great significance to meet the global food crisis by rationally reclaiming abandoned farmland to rapidly increase food production and the global grain supply. However, there is still controversy about the economic cost of abandoned farmland reclamation and the ecological consequences of such reclamation. Should the abandoned farmland be reclaimed, continue to expand, or be subjected to intensive farming? Research around this area may be a future focus.(4) According to the results of this study, future studies will still focus on the ecological impacts of abandoned fields, such as vegetation succession, carbon sequestration, and impacts on biodiversity. However, most of the current studies focus on a certain country and region, with conflicting ecological impacts along with different geographical locations and environmental conditions. At present, the ecological impact of abandoned farmland is still controversial among scholars. In the future, further discussions on this impact are: Is this a threat or an opportunity? Is this negative or positive? The formulation of policies according to local conditions when facing farmland abandonment may be an important research topic in the near future.