World Allergy Organization Journal  has recently published a number of position papers, statements and guidelines on topics of global importance in allergy and clinical immunology, including hereditary angioedema [http://www.waojournal.org). This significant publishing activity represents the ongoing goals of the WAO Journal to provide the most up-to-date and useful information on critical topics of global relevance in the field of allergy/immunology. Since the switch by the World Allergy Organization (WAO) of its Journal to an online-only format five years ago, the Journal has disseminated timely, informative original studies and reviews that offer a global perspective. Now in the sixth year of publication, there are a number of important updates and changes regarding the WAO Journal that should be highlighted.The gioedema , urticargioedema , probiotgioedema , biodivegioedema , as wellgioedema , an effoWAO Journal is now published by BioMed Central, as of January 2013, introducing a new era for the Journal in the open-access publishing arena. The Journal’s former publisher, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, partnered with WAO to create and develop the WAO Journal as a fully online publication, and at the time of its launch, it was one of the few of its kind. This recent move to open access publishing reinforces the vision of the WAO Journal as a fully accessible authoritative resource for allergists, immunologists and all medical professionals interested in the field. While the Journal has been freely available to all individual members of the WAO Member Societies, it is now fully open to readers everywhere, and its contents will also be available through PubMed Central. This move is pmount in the continuing evolution of the WAO Journal as an indispensable source of new research and authoritative review of scientific and clinical advances and knowledge in the allergy community worldwide.The Another significant change coming in the Journal’s sixth year is an editorial transition, as this will be my last year as Editor-in-Chief. This represents a completion of my five-year tenure in this role. Over the next six months WAO will be searching for and evaluating a potential new Editor-in-Chief, derived and solicited from all corners of our community. The new Editor-in-Chief will ideally serve for a few months as Deputy Editor-in-Chief, assuming full responsibility as Editor-in-Chief in January 2014. It is satisfying to see, during my term as Editor-in-Chief, the progress the Journal has made as the flagship publication of the World Allergy Organization in providing a global forum for the exchange of research and information on allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology through publication of original research, clinical reviews, position papers, and epidemiological studies that contribute practice-relevant science in patient care.


Critical Care has agreed to publish extended abstracts submitted by invited renowned scientists from all over the world; that is, Europe, the Americas, Asia. Neuroprotection - potentially achieved by targeted temperature management  - is essential in emergency and acute care management of various severe neurologic and cardiologic diseases. Beyond neuroprotection - for this aim, therapeutic hypothermia has been established after resuscitation of patients with cardiac arrest due to a shockable arrhythmia and in neonatal asphyxic encephalopathy - therapeutic hypothermia and prophylactic controlled normothermia have been published in single case reports, retrospective, open, but also in prospective randomised controlled trials in many other emergency disciplines in which both neuroprotection and protection of other organs and tissues are the target of our therapeutic endeavours. The Medical University Innsbruck, Austria, is happy to organise this conference on temperature management, therapeutic hypothermia and prophylactic normothermia respectively, to be held in Portoroz, Slovenia. In accordance with the first Meeting on Hypothermia, which was held in Miami, Florida, USA (CHilling At the Beach), we are proud to suggest the acronym CHAB standing for take Care for Heart And Brain, characterising the major target organs of therapeutic and, possibly also, prophylactic temperature management. Again, we have been able to gather most renowned scientists, neurointensivists and intensivists, emergency physicians, cardiologists and other specialists to cover the entire scientific and clinical spectrum of emergency temperature management, technical aspects of cooling and management of potential complications including shivering, but also temperature management in neurology, neurosurgery, intensive care medicine, in the operation theatre, cardiology, infectious diseases, and so forth. Beyond that we cross borders and discuss hypothermia and intracranial pressure, pharmacodynamics in hypothermic patients and the influence of hypothermia onto pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, hypothermia in refractory status epilepticus or heat stroke, hypothermia and advanced neuromonitoring, hypothermia and nutrition, shivering and the critical issue of rewarming, amongst other topics.It is a pleasure to announce the 2nd Innsbruck Hypothermia Symposium. We are very happy that per se - to neuronal damage. Knowing the medical literature and knowing the issue of potentially life-threatening side effects and complications incurred by this invasive therapeutic manoeuvre, it is the foremost aim of this symposium and this supplementary issue of Critical Care to discuss all these aspects of targeted temperature management in emergency, critical care and, in particular, neurocritical patients and conditions. For this reason the organisers have agreed that the discussion of these various issues, being so important for general critical care, neurocritical care and emergency medicine, must be distributed as widely as possible, making it available to critical care and neurocritical care specialists all over the world. Therefore we are extremely grateful to the Editors of Critical Care for providing a forum for all of the extended abstracts of all invited speakers, covering the entire field of adult emergency and critical care medicine. We do hope and we are convinced that this supplementary issue will be a source of inspiration and knowledge, hopefully becoming a work of reference for intensivists, neurologists, neurointensivists, cardiologists and all emergency physicians alike. It is the aim of the organisers to establish a series of such symposia within the next years in order to keep up with all the developments in this field and to maintain the highest possible level of knowledge of targeted temperature management in the community of emergency and intensive care physicians.The aim of this symposium is to enhance the knowledge on temperature management, increase the readiness and stimulate the preparedness to institute therapeutic hypothermia and/or prophylactic controlled normothermia, respectively, in patients in need of tissue and organ protection, uncontrolled body temperatures possibly adding -


Alcohol Research & Health examines addiction to multiple substances—that is, combined dependence on alcohol and other drugs (AODs), including marijuana, cocaine, and opioids. It seems fitting, then, to begin the issue with a look at what constitutes “addiction.” The Oxford English Dictionary (pp. 24–25) traces the term addiction to Roman law, under which addiction was a “formal giving over by sentence of court; hence, a dedication of person to a master.” This notion of relinquishment of control by the addicted person is the central feature of many lay and professional definitions of the term. The study of addictive behavior crosses several disciplines, including, among others, behavioral neuroscience, epidemiology, genetics, molecular biology, pharmacology, psychology, psychiatry, and sociology. Articles in this issue examine aspects of AOD use disorders from the perspective of some of these varied disciplines.This issue of  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM, both in its revision of the third edition  identifies impaired control over substance use as the essential feature of dependence, which is “a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues use of the substance despite significant substance-related problems.”The term “substance dependence” has gained great currency because of its use in the The dependence syndrome, which forms the basis for the diagnostic approach used in DSM–III–R, was first described for alcohol by Alcohol Research & Health examine aspects of AODUDs from the perspective of some of these varied disciplines. However, given the pros and cons of the use of the terms dependence and addiction, as well as the absence of a clear consensus on which is preferred, in this volume the terms are used more or less interchangeably.The terminology used to describe alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders (AODUDs) is of key importance to both the study and the clinical care of people suffering from these conditions. AODUDs result from a combination of genetic, environmental, social, and psychological factors. The heterogeneity of addictive disorders is well recognized, with a key dimension of subgroups being the pattern of dependence on multiple substances . The stuFour articles in this volume focus on the etiology and development of AODUDs. The article by Drs. Dick and Agrawal discusses both genetic and environmental risk factors for AOD use and for co-occurring dependence on AODs. In a related article, Dr. Wand describes how stress and the genetics of the stress response influence risk for dependence. Dr. Cruz and colleagues’ article reviews the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction and how they may influence co-morbid AOD use. Drs. Thatcher and Clark review psychological risk factors for adolescent AOD use, including parental substance use disorders and psychological dysregulation; child deficits in cognitive, behavioral, and emotional regulation that lead to experimentation with AODs; and the development of substance-related problems.Other articles in this issue focus on the epidemiology and timing of AOD use. Dr. Falk and colleagues report on the co-morbidity of AOD use and disorders in the general population. Dr. Martin distinguishes between the use of alcohol at the same time as other drugs and alcohol consumption that occurs separately from other drug use.The diagnosis and treatment of AODUDs are covered separately in this issue. In the first of two articles, Drs. Arnaout and Petrakis describe challenges to the diagnosis of AODUDs and factors—such as the patient’s gender, family history, and course of illness over time—that influence the accuracy of diagnosis. The second article, by Drs. Arias and Kranzler, examines the literature on the treatment of patients with co-morbid AOD dependence, including concurrent and sequential treatment approaches, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, and treatment matching.Alcohol Research & Health adequately presents the literature on the prevalence, complex mechanisms, adverse consequences, and challenges to the evaluation and treatment of co-occurring use, abuse, and dependence on AODs.Clearly, AOD use, abuse, and dependence are far-reaching phenomena. Similar to the concept of craving, which seeks to provide an experiential basis to explain compulsive drug use but which has limited precision, the meaning of the terms substance abuse, dependence, and addiction will continue to evolve and must be further validated empirically. Refining these terms is central to helping researchers and clinicians understand more fully the phenomena to which they refer and to develop methods to diagnose and treat co-morbid AODUDs effectively. Despite the lack of consensus on terminology, we hope that this issue of


Funding information was incorrectly given in the Acknowledgements section.In addition, a funding organization was incorrectly given in the Funding Statement. The Funding Statement should read: "The authors are thankful to the College of Medicine Research Centre (CMRC), Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for supporting the work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."


To the Editor: In May 2003, a previously healthy, 42-year-old rice farmer and miller, living on the Plain of Jars (Xieng Khuang Province) in northeast Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) (Laos), dehusked and polished glutinous rice in her hand-operated rice mill. While milling, her hand slipped, removing the skin covering the interpharyngeal joint of her right index finger, on a dusty, wooden part of the machine. She did not recall the implantation of a wood splinter. During the following 4 weeks, multiple firm, erythematous lesions developed, which were not tender, fluctuant, or itchy, at the site of the injury and on the medial and anterior aspects of the lower and upper arm (,Sporothrix schenckii, the cause of sporotrichosis, and the diagnosis was confirmed by sequencing the 18S rRNA gene, which showed 100% identity to that of S. schenckii (,pper arm . The lesS. schenckii is a dimorphic fungus found in soil, hay, decaying vegetation, and moss. Persons exposed to these environmental foci, such as farmers and gardeners, are especially at risk. Percutaneous inoculation is presumably the main method of infection, although inhalation and insect and mammal bites and scratches, especially from armadillos and cats, have been implicated (,,Sporotrichosis has been described from North and South America, Europe, and Japan. In Asia and Australasia, it has been described from India (With 73% of the Lao population living on <US$2/day (,Diagnosis by histopathologic examination and culture may be difficult, and identifying laboratories in different regions of the subtropics and tropics with an interest in diagnosis of sporotrichoid lesions and the capability to perform culture and PCR would facilitate the diagnosis and awareness of this disease. Itraconazole, which has become the drug of choice for lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, is expensive. Saturated solution of potassium iodide is an inexpensive alternative and appears to be effective, although adverse effects occur frequently (


The Asian College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ACPM) was founded as the Asian Chapter of the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ICPM-AC) in Tokyo on April 12, 1982.The first president was Hitoshi ISHIKAWA (Japan), the vice-presidents were Mahalingam MAHADEVAN  and Burton G.BURTON-BRADLEY (Papua- New Guinea), and the general secretary was Sueharu TSUTSUI (Japan).th World Congress of the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ICPM) held in Kyoto, Japan, September 5-9, 1977.Five years previously, preparation for creation of the ICPM-AC was started at the 4The First Congress of the ICPM-AC was held by the President Yujiro IKEMI in Tokyo on May 19-20, 1984. The main members in the early stage were Y. IKEMI, H. ISHIKAWA, S. TSUTSUI, Taisaku KATSURA, Tetsuya NAKAGAWA. Hiroyuki SUEMATSU and others from Japan and Hsien RIN (Taiwan), Seock Young KANG (Korea), M. MAHADEVAN. B.G. BURTON-BRADLEY and others from other Asian countries.nd to the 9th, were held approximately every two years, in Japan, India, Malaysia, Taiwan, Korea, and China. The name was changed to the Asian College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ACPM), and the 10th to 14th congresses were held in Taiwan, Okinawa (Japan), Australia, Korea, and China.Thereafter, academic congresses of the ICPM-AC, the 2The current president of the Executive Board of ACPM is Chiharu KUBO, the Director of Kyushu University Hospital.th ACPM and will be hosted by Tserenkhuugyin LKHAGVASUREN in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia from August 24-26, 2012.The next academic congress is the 15Participating countries have expanded to include Asian-Oceanic countries such as Mongolia, Micronesia, Australia and Sri Lanka.The main themes of the congresses have focused on psychosomatic disorders, culture - bound syndromes, oriental medicine, etc... To date,"Health promotion"by raising the level of mental health based on psychoneuroendocrinoimmunomodulation has been very important. Prevention is also important in the Asia - Oceana area, from the viewpoints of both psychosomatics and culture.Above all, an awareness of existential, authentic health is a sure way to promote healthy longevity and psychosomatic well - being.To pursue happiness and well-being subjectively, objectively, and ecologically will be the most important purposes of ACPM in the future. The following year, on March 31st, 2010, the "Fifty Years of the Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine Annals" was published [st through 14th Congresses and a list of the presidents and their profiles [st Congress of the Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine, held in Sendai on June 25th, more detailed descriptions of the circumstances of the congresses of ACPM and their contribution to the Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine journal "Psychosomatic Medicine", because they would be valuable resources for the future. With Professor KUBO's consent, I, the Vice-President of the ACPM, took charge of compiling the contributions.November, 2009 marked the 50th World Congress of the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ICPM) held in Kyoto in 1977, and I was also a presenter at the 1st Congress of the Asian Chapter of the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ICPM-AC) held in Tokyo,1984. There was an Asian Chapter Establishment Committee Meeting with plenary lectures held between these two conferences in Tokyo on April 12th, 1982; however, I did not have information of this event. Therefore, I started inquiring and trying to collect information regarding it as well as other areas that did not have sufficient information. The notes of the Establishment Committee Meeting with the plenary lectures could not be found at the ACPM executive office, located at Kyushu University Hospital, and it was difficult to contact the people who were involved in the event. Thus, I sent inquiries to Professor A. N. Singh, in Canada, but little information was obtained. While I was struggling to find this information, with the strong cooperation of Professor Koji TSUBOI at Toho University School of Medicine I was able to get in contact with Professor Emeritus Sueharu TSUTSUI, who was the first General Secretary of the ICPM-AC. Finally, the information necessary to write this article was obtained in this way. I would like to give special thanks to Hiroyuki SUEMATSU, the President of the "Fifty Years of the Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine Annals"; Chiharu KUBO, the ACPM President; the ACPM executive office at Kyushu University Hospital; Emeritus Professor Sueharu TSUTSUI; Professor Koji TSUBOI, and the many others who assisted in the writing of this article.Fortunately, I was able to observe the organization of the Asian Chapter of the ICPM at the 4The Asian College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ACPM) originally started as The Asian Chapter of the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ICPM-AC). The name ICPM-AC was used for the 1st to the 9th Congresses, and the present name, ACPM, has been used since the 10th Congress.th World Congress of the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ICPM)[th to 9th, 1977, a movement to establish an Asian Chapter was begun and a preparatory committee was set up.When the 4ne (ICPM),2 was heth, 1982. At that time, memorial lectures were given by four distinguished psychosomatists; Yujiro IKEMI (Japan), Alfred M. FREEDMAN (USA), Jinichi SUZUKI (Japan) and Masamoto HIGUCHI (Japan). The President Hitoshi ISHIKAWA (Japan), the Vice Presidents Burton G. BURTON-BRADLEY (Papua-New Guinea) and Mahalingam MAHADEVAN , and the General Secretary Sueharu TSUTSUI (Japan) took office, and Yujiro IKEMI was appointed Honorary President. It was decided that the ICPM-AC Congress would be held every two years in Japan or another Asian country.The ICPM-AC Establishment Committee Meeting was held in Tokyo on April 12st Congress of the ICPM-AC was hosted by President Yujiro IKEMI in Tokyo, Japan on May 19th and 20th, 1984. The opening ceremony took place at Nippon Seinenkan, located in the Meiji Shrine outer garden. During the ceremony, Taisaku KATSURA, who was the General Secretary of the 1st Congress of the ICPM-AC, took the role of master of ceremonies. First, President IKEMI gave a welcome address, which was followed by the greetings of ICPM-AC President Hitoshi ISHIKAWA, the Vice Presidents M. MAHADEVAN and B.G. BURTON-BRADLEY, and the General Secretary Sueharu TSUTSUI. ICPM President Chase P. KIMBALL delivered a congratulatory address and Masayoshi NAMIKI, the President of the 25th Congress of the Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine, gave a congratulatory address.The 1st Congress of the ICPM-AC, plenary lectures were given by Jiro KANEKO, the Honorary President, and Yujiro IKEMI, the President. Also, eight special topics were presented, including those by Professor A.N. SINGH (Canada), Professor Hsien RIN (Taiwan), and Professor B. H. FOX (USA). In addition, 82 presentations were made on general topics. The first conference was a prosperous beginning, with participants from Japan, Taiwan, Korea, China, Malaysia, India, and Papua-New Guinea [At the 1w Guinea .nd Congress of the ICPM-AC, a continuation of the 1st Congress of the ICPM-AC held by conference president Yujiro IKEMI in Tokyo on May 19th and 20th , 1984, was hosted by President A.N. SINGH in New Delhi, India from December 12th to 15th, 1986. The main theme of the conference was "Asian Perspective in Psychosomatic Medicine" and participants came not only from Japan, India, and Malaysia but also from Indonesia, Thailand, and Australia. Hitoshi ISHIKAWA passed the presidency on to Sueharu TSUTSUI. After the conference, the participants enjoyed sightseeing at the Taj Mahal, Bodh Gaya, and other wonderful places [The 2rd Congress of the ICPM-AC was hosted by conference president M. MAHADEVAN in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from December 25th to 27th, 1988. Its theme was the same as the 2nd conference, "Psychosomatic Medicine Asian Perspective". Sultan Azlan SHAH (Perak State) was selected as the Honorary President of the 3rd Congress [The 3th Congress of the ICPM-AC was hosted by conference president Jinichi SUZUKI in Sendai, Japan, on April 20th and 21st, 1990. Its main theme was "Psychosomatic Medicine in Primary Care". At this conference, participants from Brazil joined for the first time [The 4rst time .th Congress of the ICPM-AC was hosted by conference president Hsien RIN in Taipei, Taiwan, from September 4th to 6th, 1992. Its main theme was "Panic and Anxiety". President RIN, the head of the Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, studied at the Hokkaido Imperial University School of Medicine in Japan. Because of this, he developed a strong relationship with Japan and held a special welcome reception program for Japanese guests with visit to memorial places at the medical school of the former Taihoku Imperial University [The 5iversity .th Congress of the ICPM-AC was hosted by conference president Chiharu KUBO in Fukuoka, Japan on June 5th and 6th, 1994. Its main theme was "Psychosomatic Medicine Symposium-East and West". Many participants and speakers came from China and Professor Wolfram SCHÜFFEL from Germany joined as a special participant [The 6ticipant .th Congress of the ICPM-AC was hosted by conference president LIU Zengyuan in Dalian, China from September 5th to 7th, 1996 with many Chinese participants. After the conference, the participants visited Hill 203 in Ryojun (Lushun) where one of the fiercest battles of the Russo-Japanese War was fought [The 7th Congress of the ICPM-AC was hosted by conference president Byung Il MIN in Seoul, South Korea from October 28th to 30th, 1998. The participants interacted with the staff of Kyunghee University, learned Korean history and culture, and visited a folk village and other special places [The 8l places .th Congress of the ICPM-AC was hosted by conference president Sueharu TSUTSUI in Tokyo, Japan on September 29th and 30th, 2000. Its main theme was "New Encounter between Mind and Body-Stress Management in the 21st Century" and a large number of speakers gave presentations. At the Executive Board Meeting of this conference, the name "The Asian Chapter of the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine" (ICPM-AC) was changed to "The Asian College of Psychosomatic Medicine"(ACPM) and this new name has been used since the 10th Congress. Also, the presidency was handed over from Sueharu TSUTSUI to Chiharu KUBO [The 9aru KUBO .th Congress of the ACPM was hosted by conference president Ming-Been LEE in Taipei, Taiwan on September 28th and 29th, 2002. Starting with this conference, the official name of the conference became "The Asian College of Psychosomatic Medicine" (ACPM). Ten years had passed since the 5th Congress was last held in Taiwan hosted by conference president Hsien RIN. The 2nd conference in Taiwan was held at the same site as the 1st conference. Its main theme was "Psychosomatic Medicine and Health Promotion" with about 250 participants. There were eight sessions of oral presentations and six poster sessions [The 10sessions .th Congress of the ACPM was hosted by conference president Hiroshi ISHIZU in Okinawa, Japan on October 23rd and 24th, 2004. Its main theme was "Culture and Psychosomatic Medicine". The president's lecture, titled "Psychosomatic Medicine of Okinawan Culture and Healthy Longevity", as well as 6 special lectures, 1 symposium, 1 panel discussion, 2 educational lectures, 30 oral presentations, and 112 poster presentations were well received. The documents state that the symposium theme was chosen to be "Present and Future of ACPM" and all of the past presidents were invited. Also, for the future development of the ACPM, the congress president invited as special guest lecturers Professor Tserenkhuugyin LKHAGVASUREN, President of the National Medical University of Mongolia  and Drs. Hiroshi ISMAEL and Imaculada J. GONZAGA-OPTAIA from the Federated States of Micronesia of the Pacific, who participated for the first time. Unfortunately, Professor Futa HELU of the Kingdom of Tonga could not participate due to other business matters. In addition, a professor in Kazakhstan was unable to be contacted. Despite these absences, the participants expanded our organization to include areas of the Asian-Pacific region from Mongolia in the north to Australia in the south and from Canada in the east to Sri Lanka in the west. In the Executive Board Meeting, the sites of the next four conferences were decided; The 12th Congress at Melbourne, Australia, the 13th Congress at Seoul, South Korea, the 14th Congress at Beijing, China, and the 15th Congress at Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia [The 11th Congress of the ACPM was hosted by conference president Lorraine DENNERSTEIN in Melbourne, Australia on December 24th and 25th, 2006. The theme picked for the conference was noteworthy, "Sexual Health and Psychosomatic Medicine". The conference was successful due to of the tremendous support from Vice-President of the 12th Congress, Koji TSUBOI, Professor of Psychosomatic Medicine at Toho University School of Medicine, Japan [The 12e, Japan .th Congress of the ACPM was hosted by conference president Bong Yul HUH in Seoul, South Korea on August 31st and September 1st, 2008. Ten years had passed years since the 8th Congress held in South Korea hosted by President MIN. Due to the influx of South Korean pop culture into other areas, a large number of people came to the conference and many distinctive Korean features were included in the presentations at the well-received conference. Kyung Bong KOH played the role of co-President [The 13resident .th Congress of the ACPM was hosted by conference president ZHAO Zhifu in Beijing, China from September 10th to 12th, 2010. The China National Convention Center, a fantastic building that is located in the center of Beijing and that was renovated for the Beijing Olympics, was the site of the conference. More than 400 topics were presented. The conference was especially well organized. The participants had the opportunity to see traditional Chinese Opera at the welcome party, visit the Great Wall, a World Heritage site, where one could enjoy the distant view of Inner Mongolia, and visit the Ming Dynasty Tombs. President ZHAO's son, Dr. ZHAO Peng, who is studying abroad at the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of Kyushu University, ably assisted President KUBO in preparing for the conference [The 14nference .th Congress of the ACPM will be hosted for the first time in Mongolia at Ulaanbaatar by conference president Tserenkhuugyin LKHAGVASUREN from August 24th to 26th, 2012. Members of ACPM in Japan are inviting people from far and wide to come and back up the conference as much as possible. The first Mongolian Workshop of Psychosomatic Medicine was held on October 20th, 2006, and the Mongolian Society of Psychosomatic Medicine was established recently [The 15recently . We expeth Congress of the ACPM. The Indonesian Society of Psychosomatic Medicine, also newly established in 2010 in Jakarta, has its center at the National Indonesian University. For these newly established Asian societies of Psychosomatic Medicine to hold the conferences, it is important that as many of our members participate and present as many topics as possible. We would especially encourage the members of the Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine to do all they can to assist these new societies.Most recently, Indonesia announced its candidacy for the 16It is time to conclude this overview of the history and perspectives of the ACPM. When the ACPM began as the ICPM-AC, the members of ICPM from the United States, Canada, and other countries joined the conferences to support the developing East Asian Societies of Psychosomatic Medicine, such as those in South Korea, Taiwan, China, and Japan, which have become the core Asian societies. However, gradually all of the countries involved in the East Asian Societies of Psychosomatic Medicine had become highly developed. In the near future, our goal is to support the newly established and developing Societies of Psychosomatic Medicine of Mongolia, Indonesia, and other countries and we must do our best to foster the Societies of Psychosomatic Medicine of the Pacific Islands and other smaller countries. Psychosomatic Medicine is "The Medical Science of Happiness" which brings about human health in a true sense. We would like to ask all of the members of the Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine for their support in assisting the developing Societies of Psychosomatic Medicine.Bio-Psycho-Social Medicine so that other members of the Societies of Psychosomatic Medicine outside of East Asia can better know what has been happening here and in the Oceanic Area.The ACPM has no official published journal, but publishes a booklet of the abstracts of presentations given at each Congress. Each Congress is well structured and abstracts are published at the beginning of every conference. Unfortunately, the abstracts are not available to everyone; thus, we have contrubuted this article containing data about the ACPM to


The Funding section is incomplete. The complete funding section should read: "This paper forms part of the projects CGL2007-62469 and CGL2010-16447, subsidized by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, the European Regional Development Fund, the Government of Aragon  and the "Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses". The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."


Food allergy is an important public health problem that affects approximately 5 percent of children and 4 percent of adults and may be increasing in prevalence. Despite the risk of severe allergic reactions and even death, there is no current treatment for food allergy: the disease can only be managed by allergen avoidance or treatment of symptoms. The diagnosis and management of food allergy may vary from one clinical practice setting to another, and patients frequently confuse non-allergic food reactions, such as food intolerance, with food allergies. In response to these concerns, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , working with 34 professional organizations, federal agencies, and patient advocacy groups, led the development of clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy. These guidelines are intended for use by a wide variety of healthcare professionals. Topics addressed include the epidemiology, natural history, diagnosis, and management of food allergy, as well as the management of severe symptoms and anaphylaxis. The guidelines were published in December 2010, but Dr. Matthew J. Fenton, from the NIAID, will provide a summary of the guidelines and the methods used to draft them.


Nanoscale Research Letters contains scientific contributions presented at the International Conference on Superlattices, Nanostructures and Nanodevices (ICSNN 2010), which was held in Beijing, China from July 18-23, 2010.This special issue of ICSNN 2010, attended by more than 260 participants from 24 countries and regions, is the sixteenth meeting in this biannual conference series. ICSNN 2010 was devoted to a continuation of the efforts by the research community to understand new phenomena in the physics and technology of superlattices, nanostructures and nanoscale devices, to highlight contributions from young scientists in this field, and to explore unconventional ideas in these areas that get insufficient attention at many conferences.There are thirty papers in this special issue, covering a wide range of research fields including nanostructure fabrication techniques, nanoelectronics, graphene, quantum dots, quantum wells, spinelectronics, and magnetic/semiconductor hybrid nano-systems.We would like to express our appreciation to all members of the International Advisory and Program Committees for their invaluable suggestions and selection of the invited speakers and scientific contributions. Our special thanks go to Professor Jean-Pierre Leburton for his advice to the local organizing committee.We also thank the authors for their excellent contributions, as well as the referees whose feedback and comments ensured the high quality of this special issue.We are looking forward to the next conference in 2012!Conference ChairmanShushen Li, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaLocal Organizing ChairmanJian Liu, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaGuest EditorsShushen Li, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaJian Liu, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaPingHeng Tan, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China


Hemiptera Congress (EHC) took place in the small seaside resort Amaliapolis, Greece, the Hemiptera congresses are regularly held every two-three years: EHC 2 in Fiesa, Slovenia (2001), EHC 3 in St. Petersburg, Russia (2004), EHC 4 in Ivrea, Italy (2007) and EHC 5 in Velence, Hungary (2009).Since 1998, when the First European Hemiptera Congress in Bulgaria, erected during the Fifth Congress in Hungary, had been a surprise and an honour for the Bulgarian hemipterists, and, of course, it is a recognition for the work of Prof. Michail Josifov, renowned taxonomist of Palaearctic Heteroptera, and a tribute to his memory. The geography of the European meetings on Hemiptera shows an interesting trend: five of all six congresses are held on the Balkan Peninsula and the neighbouring countries in south-eastern Europe, Hungary and Italy. The explanation of this fact should be the rich fauna of this region, very suitable for congress trips, more than in many other countries.The nomination to host and organize the Sixth European Later, the entomologist Alexi Popov, Director of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia, kindly accepted to be Chairman of the Congress. He is not a hemipterist, but knowing personally some of the remarkable taxonomists in this field, was happy when agree to lead the Organizing Committee and to help the preparation and realizing the Congress.The institutional co-organizers of the Congress become National Museum of Natural History (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) and St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia.An international recognition of the Congress is the patronage of Director-General of UNESCO Ms Irina Bokova and the promise for financial and other support.Hemiptera were described from.As venue of the Congress, we chose Scaptopara Campus of the American University in Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad. This town, situated 100 km south of Sofia, has a remarkable location. It is situated at the foot of Rila Mts., the highest mountain on the Balkan Peninsula, and is only 30 km from Kresna Gorge in Struma Valley. These are areas with most cold-resistant and most thermophilic fauna in Bulgaria, where many new species of Hemiptera names of George Willis Kirkaldy) and Zoological label as literary form .The website of the Congress, arranged by the Organizing Committee members and maintained by Ilia Gjonov, comprises the whole information of interest to the participants, including as well the history of the previous congresses. The Organizing Committee published for the participants a booklet by Victor Fet, a well-known taxonomist on scorpions. Prof. Fet  for many years combined his biology with literary work involving themes of modern natural science and their philosophy. The booklet consists of three literary pieces: The tale of Prime Minister and a Golden Bedbug , The Kirkaldy connection . Most hemipterists took part from Poland (15), Czech Republic (9) and Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria (6 participants each).The Sixth European Bulgaria . For comDuring the four days of plenary sessions, 102 reports  altogether were delivered and presented, and in this respect the Congress in Bulgaria also exceeds to a large degree the previous ones. There were 11 plenary sessions , one posHemiptera treating faunistics and biogeography of the Mediterranean Basin and Europe more generally as well as on taxonomy and phylogeny of Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha, Heteroptera, Aphidoidea and Psylloidea; complex application of ecological, acoustic, genetic, palaeontological and behavioural methods; applied research and pest control.The reports presented were focused on general aspects of studies on The Congress was opened by the Chairman Assoc. Prof. Alexi Popov and welcome speeches were delivered as well by Prof. Sakis Drosopoulos, initiator of the European congresses and organizer of the First congress; Prof. Matija Gogala, Vice-president of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts; and Prof. Ernst Heiss, former President of the International Heteropterists Society .The Organizing Committee initiated an award for young researchers in memory of Michail Josifov due to the sponsorship of Asen Nikolov Foundation and Pensoft Publishers. The organizers decided to present three equal rewards for achievements in hemipterology and as support of participation in the Sixth Congress. Eleven researchers applied with their abstracts for the award. The Scientific Committee of the Congress discussed the applications and three applicants were chosen as winners by voting: Qiang Xie (China), Ondřej Balvín (Czech Republic) and Vikas Suman (India) . CertifiPageBreakPageBreakJuniperus excelsa); Xerothermic meadows and pastures of Chrysopogon gryllus, Bothriochloa ischaemum and Festuca valesiaca;Sub-Mediterranean pseudo-steppes with annual herbs; Balkan pseudomaquis; Prickly juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) scrub. Part of the territory of the gorge is under the protection of Tisata Reserve and its buffer zone. According to the Bern Convention, it is declared as a CORINE site and will be part of the European Union NATURA 2000 Network. The gorge is of worldwide importance for the conservation of the habitats of the Grecian juniper and the Oriental plane forests. It is also a biological corridor for the migration of large mammals between the surrounding mountain ranges as well as a very important bird migration route (Via Aristotelis). Only among Heteroptera, 419 species are reported from the gorge. Twelve of them are endemic taxa and for nine other the gorge is the type locality. The second collecting place was the area between the Rozhen Monastery and Melnik. The habitats are similar but with forests of Platanus orientalis instead of Juniperus excelsa, xerothermic meadows and pastures, and sub-Mediterranean pseudo-steppes. Impressive is the picturesque historic town of Melnik. The region comprises the landmark of Melnishki Piramidi, declared as a protected area in 1978 for the purpose of preserving the uniqueness of these earth formations in sand-clay rocks. Because of its European importance for the preservation of rare and threatened habitats, plants and animals, Melnishki Piramidi was declared as a CORINE site in 1998.First stop of the one-day field trip was Kresna Gorge . The KrePageBreakeight-day collecting trip. Localities were visited in Rila Mts. (Rila Monastery), Vlahina Mts., Struma Valley , Pirin Mts. (Popovi Livadi site at 1400 m asl), Western Rhodope Mts. , Eastern Rhodope Mts.  and Sredna Gora Range (Vakarel). The rich collected material of Hemiptera will serve for future investigation of Bulgarian fauna. Various methods for collecting were used, namely hand sampling, sweep netting, light towers, suction samplers. Matija Gogala recorded the songs of some species of Cicadidae. Gernot Kunz photographed many living insects.Ten participants in the Congress from United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Italy, Slovenia and Bulgaria, guided by Ilia Gjonov, took part in an The Congress stimulated scientific debates, promoted the communication and cooperation between researchers from different countries, established new contacts and initiated further investigations. We shall keep in our memory the valuable discussions and the exchange of ideas, partly realized and born in the informal meetings during the Welcome party, Congress dinner and Farewell party.Heteroptera. At that time, a photo exhibition in the Museum, dedicated to the diversity and significance of Hemiptera for the ecosystems and the people, presented to the audience this significant part of the biodiversity and PageBreakits conservation. The Congress initiated median interest and public support for the Bulgarian science in these heavy times.After the congress closing some of the participants visited the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia and its rich collections, especially the valuable collection of Michail Josifov of Palaearctic Unfortunately, because of the objective difficulties, UNESCO could not support financially the congress and because of different objective and subjective reasons the publication of this volume was delayed for about half a year.Advances in Hemipterology. The selection was made according to the standards of the hosting journal ZooKeys following peer review recommendations and editorial decision. We wish to thank the reviewers for the valuable and creative remarks during the selection process and the improvement of the manuscripts accepted for this volume, which are the first successfully published proceedings of the European Hemiptera congresses.Thirty-three manuscripts were submitted for the special issue


AllerGen NCE Inc., the Allergy, Genes and Environment Network, is a national, multi-disciplinary, multi-sectoral network for research and discovery, knowledge translation and capacity building. AllerGen is dedicated to improving the quality of life for allergy asthma and related immune disease sufferers by supporting research that leads to new diagnostic tests, better medications, more effective public policies and an increase in the number of medical professionals researching and practicing in this area. The Networks of Centres of Excellence (NCE) program, of which AllerGen is a part, is a strategic initiative aligned with Canada’s Science and Technology strategy. The NCE program aims to close the ‘development-to-delivery’ gap, and accelerate the rate at which research results contribute to new, evidence-based, cost-effective policies, products and services that generate social and economic benefits for Canadians.The burden of allergy, asthma and related immune disease is significant and growing world-wide, and while the underlying causes of these diseases are actively being studied, the origins of these diseases are still not well understood. According to the results of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Study, Phase III 2003) results, 47% of Canadian children have suffered from allergic rhinitis; 39% have experienced wheezing; 22.4% have been diagnosed with asthma; and, 19% have experienced atopic eczema [003 resulThe economic impact of these diseases in Canada is in excess of $15 billion annually, when one includes the cost of ambulatory care, in-patient stays, emergency department visits, physician and facility payments, prescribed medications and productivity losses at school, work and at home as a direct result of these diseases . This anGlobally, asthma is more prevalent among the developed countries and in major city centres . Among tresearch into practice, and knowledge to action, to improve allergic disease and asthma awareness, education, management and control.Given the Canadian Institutes of Health Research’s strategic vision to position Canada as a world leader in the creation and use of knowledge derived from health research that benefits Canadians and the global community, Canadian researchers and their international partners have a significant opportunity to work in collaborative networks to accelerate the translation of A recent analysis by Teresa To, from The Hospital for Sick Children , revealsKnowledge Translation Planning Tools for Allergic Disease Researchers. This tool provides a guide for researchers, their stakeholders and partners to collaboratively develop translational strategies and tactics that will help accelerate the rate of dissemination, uptake and application of allergy, asthma and related immune disease research to improve the quality of life for patients, facilitate optimal care by health providers and reduce the economic drag resulting from the burden of these diseases [Building upon the work done in 2004 by a team led by Rejean Landry, AllerGen developed a publicly available KT planning tool called diseases . Working


The journal is dedicated to expedite rapid publication of manuscripts that significantly advance the knowledge of nutrition and metabolism related to exercise physiology, diabetes, obesity, lipidemias, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, cancer etc. Nutrition & Metabolism also publishes manuscripts pertaining to biochemistry of metabolism, cell signaling, molecular and cellular biology of nutrients, nutrient gene interactions and other areas that have implications for human nutrition and medicine. Current, but not exclusive, interests are metabolic effects of diet composition, interactions of macronutrients, effect of nutrients on gene expression, metabolic control and compartment models, nutritional effect of hormones, and genomic analysis of dietary phenomena.Nutrition & Metabolism was co-founded by Drs. Feinman and Hussain in 2004 as an open access, peer-reviewed, online journal to keep readers up-to-date on recent developments in important areas of nutrition, exercise physiology, clinical investigations, and molecular and cellular biochemistry of metabolism. Nutrition & Metabolism publishes approximately 36% of the submitted articles. The journal received an impressive first impact factor of 3.00 in 2009 indicating that published papers were highly cited soon after their publication  determines the suitability of the manuscript for publication in Nutrition & Metabolism. Articles of low perceived importance or poor quality are immediately returned to authors with no further review. If the manuscript is deemed suitable for further evaluation, it is sent for peer-review. The first priority is given to anonymous, unbiased peer-reviewers suggested by the computer based on their publications related to the subject of the article. In addition, we solicit opinion from at least one member of the editorial board. Further, consideration is also given to the reviewers recommended by the authors. Hence, every paper undergoes a stringent peer review process to evaluate objectively the quality, originality, and scientific merit of the papers. After publication, the papers are open to comments by the scientific community. The comments are first reviewed by the editors for their validity and correctness and then sent to the authors for their response. Both comments and responses are published online and have open access.Every paper undergoes a two-tier, quality control, evaluation process. First, Editor-in-Chief, Managing Editor, or an Associate Editors (Nutrition & Metabolism your first choice to disseminate your precious data.Besides the dedication and expertise of the Editorial Board members and reviewers, the success of the journal depends on the valuable contributions from investigators. Hence, we solicit comments from all the authors about the integrity and timeliness of the review process, authenticity, clarity and appropriateness of the reviews, and any other comments that would make Nutrition & Metabolism is published by BioMed Central, part of Springer Science+Business Media. BioMed central is committed to ensuring open access peer-reviewed biomedical research. This means that published material is freely and universally accessible online. It is archived in at least one internationally recognized free access repository, and its authors retain copyright, allowing anyone to reproduce or disseminate articles, according to the BioMed Central copyright and license agreement. Nutrition & Metabolism’s articles are archived in PubMed Central, the US National Library of Medicine’s full-text repository of life science literature, and also at INIST in France and in e-Depot, the National Library of the Netherlands’ digital archive of all electronic publications. The journal is also participating in the British Library’s e-journals pilot project, and plans to deposit copies of all articles with the British Library.Nutrition & Metabolism is the identification and publication of timely and important contributions to the field of nutrition & metabolism. We invite potential authors to visit the journal homepage http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com, and submit their new and exciting papers online.One of the major goals of Ahmed Bakillah, Managing EditorM. Mahmood Hussain, Editor-In-ChiefJanuary 1st, 2013


Martin KaplanJohn McFadyeanKarl F. MeyerCalvin W. SchwabeDecide first, then turn the page.Here is a clue: He founded the discipline of veterinary epidemiology and the concept of One Medicine.Is he: This is a photograph of Calvin W. Schwabe (1927–2006). In a career that spanned 52 years, Schwabe made valuable contributions to a broad array of subjects, including epidemiology, zoonotic diseases, interactions of veterinary and human medicine, public health practice, livestock health in pastoral societies, ancient origins of human and veterinary medicine, and the philosophy of science. Calvin Schwabe is best known as one of the two 20th century founders of the discipline of veterinary epidemiology and the concept of One Medicine . The other founder of veterinary epidemiology and the One Medicine concept is James H. Steele, who worked at the Communicable Diseases Center (now Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) in Atlanta, Georgia.Calvin W. Schwabe was born on March 15, 1927, in Newark, New Jersey. He graduated in 1948 with a BS in biology from Virginia Polytechnic Institute. In 1950, he received an MS in Zoology from the University of Hawaii. In 1954, Schwabe was awarded a DVM (with highest honors) from Auburn University, and in 1955, he received an MPH in tropical public health from Harvard University. His ScD in parasitology–tropical public health was awarded by Harvard in 1956.From 1956 until 1966, Dr. Schwabe was a member of the medical and public health faculties of the American University of Beirut. There he developed a notable research program on hydatid disease and other parasitic zoonoses and founded a joint Department of Tropical Health within the medical and public health faculties and a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics within the School of Public Health. Beginning in 1960, he served as a consultant to the World Health Organization, developing a collaborative global program on hydatid disease research and control. During 1964–1966, he directed several parasitic disease programs at the World Health Organization headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.In 1966, Schwabe established the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine at the University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, the first of its kind in the world at a veterinary school. He also established the Master of Preventive Veterinary Medicine degree program that teaches the principles and strategies of population-based medicine, disease surveillance, and prevention and control of diseases of food animals and zoonotic diseases that affect humans and animals. Today, his graduate students populate leadership positions in public health and research in many universities and government agencies.In his masterwork, Veterinary Medicine and Human Health, first published in 1969, as well as in his many other writings, Schwabe promoted the concept of One Medicine, that is, stronger links and collaborations between the fields of human and veterinary medicine. Schwabe believed that the critical needs of humanity include combating diseases, ensuring sufficient and safe food, improving environmental quality, and creating a society in which humane values prevail. He saw the world as an ecosystem of interdependent civilizations and cultures in which human progress is inexorably linked with the co-evolution of the animal kingdom. Schwabe coined the term One Medicine, a concept previously expressed by Rudolph Virchow and William Osler, to focus attention on the commonality of human and veterinary health interests. One Medicine is the science of health and disease in which differences between humans and animals are not considered. Schwabe pointed out that most infectious diseases of humans have an animal origin. Schwabe also recognized the essential role of veterinary medicine in advancing medical research. Because human medical progress had been so dependent on veterinary studies, he urged schools of veterinary medicine to assume a much greater role in the training of scientists to conduct research to improve human health. He outlined specific reforms in the curricula of schools and colleges of veterinary medicine that would provide for the education of medical investigators.Disciples of Schwabe and Steele have taken the One Medicine concept and advanced it into the One Health Initiative. The One Health Initiative is a movement that seeks to forge greater collaboration between the health disciplines, following the paths created by Schwabe and Steele. For example, at the University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, where Schwabe taught for 25 years, the Calvin Schwabe One Health Project seeks to produce a new generation of veterinarians who will be ready to lead collaborative, multidisciplinary efforts to improve global health. With expertise in biohazard events, food and water safety, vector-borne diseases, established and emerging zoonotic diseases, herd health, foreign animal risks, and public health issues such as antimicrobial drug resistance, graduates of the program will be positioned as true One Health advocates and practitioners of the future.In his book Cattle, Priests, and Progress in Medicine, Schwabe shows the link between animals and humans in medical progress by recounting highlights in the history of medicine since ancient times. He describes the early history of humans in terms of animal cultures, focusing on the ancient Nile Valley, and points to similarities in medical knowledge between present-day so-called cattle societies in northeastern Africa and the ancient people of the Nile. He discusses the comparative healers of ancient Egypt, the founders of Greek medicine, the Arabic contribution, and the beginnings of modern medicine. Schwabe shows that over the centuries many of the most notable breakthroughs in improving human health have been closely associated with observations and experiments on animals other than humans.In Unmentionable Cuisine, Schwabe looks at food prejudices or why we eat what we eat, why we reject certain food sources as unpalatable, and the nutritional value of all food sources. He also introduces his readers to a vast number of authentic recipes, collected from all over the world, including recipes for preparing bugs, cow eyes, fertilized duck eggs, dog stew, and armadillo and turkey testicles, that are staples in some cultures but abhorrent to persons in other cultures.Cal Schwabe was a man of great charm and intellect. He had many colleagues and admirers throughout the world. He belonged to the small class of people who are givers rather than takers—fountains rather than wells. Cal Schwabe was a Renaissance man, not merely because of his wide-ranging scholarly interests, but because he created a real renaissance in 20th century public health by showing the way to the unity of veterinary and human medical sciences.


More than 25 years have passed since the discovery of a filovirus, Marburg virus, which caused an epidemic of hemorrhagic fever among laboratory workers in Marburg, Germany, in 1967. The persons affected had contact with the blood or tissues of monkeys or with other infected persons. Marburg virus has reappeared only three times since its discovery, with the largest and most recent outbreak occurring in 1999 in Durba, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ebola virus, another filovirus, was first described in 1976 during two hemorrhagic fever epidemics in Zaire and Sudan. Since then, Ebola virus has caused large hospital outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Zaire, in 1995, and Gulu, Uganda, in 2000. Ebola virus has also been implicated in small chains of transmission among persons with direct contact with intermediary hosts, mostly nonhuman primates in the central African countries of Gabon and Republic of the Congo.The reservoirs for both viruses are still unknown, and the rarity of outbreaks and the remote location of human outbreaks make it difficult, if not impossible, to study the pathogenesis of the human disease. Thus, animal models have been the best, and often only, approach available for studying the progression of disease caused by Marburg and Ebola viruses. Dr. Ryabchikova, the principal author of this book, and her laboratory group have studied the pathogenesis of filoviruses for several decades by using animal models and electron microscopy, a unique approach that has made her one of the few filovirus experts in the world. This book is a compilation not only of her work but of all the information available on Marburg and Ebola viruses.The first three chapters of the book provide a general review of filovirus history, laboratory methods (with an emphasis on electron microscopy), viral structure, morphology, and replication. Chapters 4 and 5 provide more specific details on infection of the target cells  in different organs and during the course of filoviral infection. In chapter 6, the authors deal with the "hemorrhagic" side of Ebola and Marburg virus infection. Not all patients infected with these viruses bleed, and when bleeding disorders do occur, no correlated infection of endothelial and hematopoietic cells occurs. Dr. Ryabchikova has found that changes in the microcirculation system, such as the appearance of hemorrhages, clotting, and fibrin deposits, vary by virus and by animal species. Chapter 7, which describes pathologic changes in the organs during the course of filoviral infection, could have been combined with chapter 5. Likewise, the last chapter, which covers immunopathology, appears more like a discussion of the previous chapters.Much of the data have already been published in the Russian or Western literature. However, this book provides one source for all information available on Marburg and Ebola viruses and has a great advantage over other sources. The number and the quality of the illustrations are impressive, and a comprehensive index is provided. The book will prove useful to clinicians and researchers interested in understanding the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fevers, and it will provide researchers working with other viruses a lesson in the benefits of using electron microscopy technology.


The Autonomous University of Yucatan is a major public university in Mexico, and the largest institution for superior education in the southern part of the country, with 772 academics attending over 20,000 students. It offers 43 undergraduate and 53 graduate programs in all areas of knowledge.On October 12, 1975, Dr. Alberto Rosado G. Cantón, rector of the University at this time, created the Biomedical Research Center to provide the institution with a leading facility to perform scientific medical research. The Center was named in honor of Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, the famous Japanese scientist who worked on yellow fever in the region from 1918–1920 and received a Doctorate Honoris Causa from the School of Medicine of the University in 1920. The Research Center initiated its activities with three departments: Tropical Pathology, headed by Dr. Jorge Zavala-Velazquez; Reproductive Health, headed by Dr. Thelma Cetina-Canto; and Physiology, headed by Dr. Heriberto Arcila-Herrera. In 1976, the Center was strengthened by the incorporation of several researchers in social sciences, and renamed “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi” Regional Research Center. In 1987, it became organized in a Social Science and a Biomedical Unit, to accommodate wider research interests encompassing virology, microbiology, parasitology, reproductive health, human genetics, hematology, social medicine, neurosciences, regional development, Mayan identity and culture, and political and social processes.The department of Tropical Pathology initially pioneered some key research in Mexico and in the region in the area of tropical medicine and several neglected diseases. It also served as a seed for the training of several young researchers who contributed to the growth of the Research Center by becoming group leaders themselves in the following years, including Dr. Andrade-Narvaez, Dr. Puerto-Manzano, Dr. Farfan-Ale, and Dr. Barrera-Perez, and more recently Dr. Zavala-Castro, Dr. Garcia-Miss, Dr. Acosta-Vianna, and Dr. Vargas-González, among others.Today, the Center has established itself as a major research facility in southern Mexico, hosting 66 researchers and 44 research technicians. Its mission is to develop research in health, disease, social sciences, and humanities of regional, national, and international relevance. In 2012, the Biomedical Unit alone received a total of about US$1,500,000 in external research grants from a number of national and international funding agencies. The Center also plays a major role in the training of qualified human resources in health and social sciences. Over the years, 336 undergraduate and 73 graduate students have developed their theses in its laboratories, and many more received training during shorter internships. The staff of the Center also contributes to formal teaching in many of the academic programs of the University, thus bringing cutting-edge knowledge and research to students in biology, chemistry, human and veterinary medicine, mathematics, and social sciences, among others. The creation of a M.Sc./Ph.D. program in Health Sciences in 2009 was a major milestone toward increased scientific capacity building.Importantly, infectious and tropical diseases have remained at the heart of its research and teaching activities, and the “Hideyo Noguchi” Regional Research Center has contributed significantly to the ranking of the Autonomous University of Yucatan as one of the most productive institutions in the area of tropical medicine and neglected disease research in Mexico . The uniSalmonella, Rickettsia, Leptospira, Toxoplasma, and E. coli), and parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania), as evidenced by some highly cited studies.Throughout the years, the Center has contributed major advances in the understanding and control of several tropical diseases caused by viruses , bacteria  mexicanaPeromyscus yucatanicus, a wild mouse from the region, as a unique animal model mimicking human disease, to further unravel the mechanisms of disease progression Leishmania has also been identified and is being further developed by the group of Dr. Dumonteil Leishmaniasis has been studied at the Research Center since 1982 through a series of integrated and multidisciplinary approaches investigating epidemiological, clinical, immunological, parasitological, entomological, and socioeconomic aspects of the disease. Pioneering studies by the group of Dr. Andrade-Narvaez in collaboration with the University of Texas have focused on the characterization of the immune response of patients, in an attempt to understand the changes in cytokine balance involved in the different clinical presentations of infections by Triatoma dimidiata, the main vector in the region, to develop and adapt vector control interventions to the ecology and biology of this species that is able to seasonally invade houses The study of Chagas disease has been at the heart of the Center since its creation in 1975, with the first eco-epidemiological studies performed in the region by Dr. Zavala-Velazquez. With a seroprevalence of 1–5% in the region, and a national average of at least 1–2%, Chagas disease remains nonetheless a controversial health problem in Mexico, with limited epidemiological surveillance and no national vector control program. Key research by the group of Dr. Dumonteil, in collaboration with the University of Perpignan, France, has focused on Riskettsia spp., and Leishmania is strengthening epidemiological surveillance. Nonetheless, published research needs to better contribute to the shaping of regional and national health policies and research priorities. Another challenge is to consolidate the many years of growth of the Research Center by fostering the continued incorporation of high-level researchers and the training of a new generation of health professionals. Finally, an important lesson learned, and a key factor contributing to the growth of the different research groups, has been the fundamental support of an impressive network of collaborators from national and international institutions (over 90 collaborating institutions). It is hoped that further expansion of this network through new collaborations will promote further growth and impact of the Center. In this situation, the “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi” Regional Research Center is emerging as a major reference center for research and training in tropical and neglected diseases, with a growing influence at the national, regional, and international level.A major challenge for the Center is to increase its social impact and promote the translation of the knowledge generated into public health policies and research priorities. Several researchers serve as advisers to local and national health authorities, and their expertise in the diagnosis of several pathogens such as dengue, West Nile virus, influenza,


DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DARU) is one of the 47 scientific journals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). When the journal was launched in 1991, articles were published in the Persian language; English abstracts were then added in 1995, and finally it completed the transition to publishing in the English language for both abstracts and full-text in early 1999.The main scope of this journal is to serve as a platform for all areas of drug conception, design, manufacturing, classification and assessment. DARU welcomes outstanding studies from basic research to clinical investigations as original papers, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, general reviews, mini-reviews, short communications, and editorials from the global scientific community.http://www.icmje.org), Committee on Publication Ethics , World Association of Medical Editors , and European Association of Science Editors  and request authors to meet these guidelines in submitting their manuscripts. For clinical trials, this journal requires registration in a public trials registry also.DARU considers guidelines provided by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors  were accepted and 41 (56%) were rejected. The average review time has been 23 days.DARU is indexed and abstracted in many abstracting and indexing databases such as ISI Web of Science, PubMed Central, Scopus, Excerpta Medica/EMBASE, Scirus, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Biological Abstracts (BIOSIS), EBSCO, Asian Science Citation Network (ASCN), CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), Free Medical Journals, Global Health, Google Scholar, HINARI, Index Copernicus, Index Medicus for WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), Natural Product Extracts (NAPRALERT), Open J-Gate, SIR.Publication as the final important stage of any scientific research is necessary for development of sciences and knowledge of the world. By publication, world scientists talk to each other and share their idea, thoughts, findings, and opinions. The science of pharmacy is not an exclusive and thus we need all scientists of the world to consider this journal as one of their favorite to share their studies with others. The editorial board and managers of this journal try their best to develop knowledge and technology in the field of pharmacy in the globe by adhering higher standards of editing and publication to meet the needs of academics, researchers and professionals.


The number of science editors' associations is growing to resolve a variety of professional problems. The main objective of the associations is to educate their members by facilitating dissemination of information, publishing scholarly journals, books, networking of experts, and regular meetings. There are many science editing associations – general and specialized, traditional, and new. The article presents activities of some of these associations, which include upholding standards of science writing, editing, indexing, research reporting, peer review, editorial independence, and other editorial policies. It now reaches a level above 200 000 . The maiIn modern-day science editing, both integrity and honesty are defined by professional societies accumulating wisdom, experience, and skills, and supporting individual researchers and editors in their efforts to make their field of science more advanced.The role of science editors' societies is evolving to solve the numerous problems of efficient writing, editing, and publishing. The exponential growth of scholarly publications and the digitalization of the whole publishing industry dictate the necessity of launching new organizations or expanding the functions of old ones. As such, it is not surprising that there is a variety of international, regional, and local associations, each concerned with unique and sometimes overlapping sets of writing and editing challenges . Some of the international associations are presented in Though science editing is a field of science itself, it is still poorly represented in the academic community, and subsequently editors' credentials are not uniformly accepted. Throughout the world, there are only a few accredited and internationally recognized degree and non-degree programs dealing with the core content of research methodology and editing ,8. The kActa Informatica Medica for 2011. Last, but not least important, are the EASE handbook for science editors and European Science Editing quarterly journal. The journal is widely indexed by a number of online catalogs, databases, and digital libraries to serve broad spectrum of interests of editors from different professional backgrounds. It covers a variety of issues in science communication, publishing ethics, scientometrics, and informatics (European Association of Science Editors (EASE) is one of the leading organizations fostering editors' continuous education. It is a scientific member of the International Union of Biological Sciences, the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), the International Council of Science Unions (ICSU), and is in formal associate relations with UNESCO. Perhaps the main indispensable benefit offered to members of EASE from Europe and rest of the world is the triennial congress. Another essential source of information is the EASE guideline for authors and translators available on the EASE Web site . It is aScience Editing, a quarterly journal, and the regularly updated “White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications,” the set of guidelines on editorial policy adopted by editors and publishers of influential biomedical and other journals such as Science, Cell, The New England Journal of Medicine, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, and Annals of Internal Medicine. The document comprehensively covers functions of editors and peer reviewers, authorship criteria, conflicts of interest, and scientific misconduct. It is primarily of interest to biomedical science editors.Council of Science Editors  is the US-based association promoting excellence in editorial policies, peer review, and publication ethics. Among a variety of educational sources , CSE offHigh standards of medical communication are advocated by American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) and European Medical Writers Association (EMWA). Both organizations publish quarterly journals, arrange annual meetings, and a series of workshops. On the basis of its workshops, AMWA published two volumes of “Essays for biomedical communicators” presenting effective writing and language editing tips for authors and editors. Also, AMWA introduced a series of self-study workshops or educational modules on ethics, medical terminology, basics of English grammar and punctuation, structuring sentences, and biostatistics. The modules presented as CD-ROMs are invaluable educational tools for medical communicators.International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) is a working group of several general medical journals, also known as the Vancouver group. Its main document, “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals,” is a primary source of information on publishing ethics, copyright issues, manuscript structuring, and formatting for authors, peer reviewers, and editors of biomedical journals . The majCommittee on Publication Ethics (COPE) is the UK-based group of editors. It has worldwide representation, particularly among editors of medical journals, and the membership of journals published by Elsevier, Springer, Informa Healthcare, DovePress, and other major publishers. COPE published 17 flowcharts for editors on how to handle disputes over changes in authorship, undisclosed conflict of interest, suspected plagiarism and duplicate publication, data fabrication, and complaints against editors . It alsoMedical editors may also benefit from resources offered by the Enhancing the QUALity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) Network. EQUATOR's staff is formed by experts from the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Oxford, UK. Its main goal is to promote transparent and accurate reporting of research data by educating authors, peer reviewers, and editors. The digital library of the Network contains numerous publications on science writing and links to reporting guidelines presented in the form of checklists and flow diagrams: CONSORT , STARD (STAndards for the Reporting of Diagnostic accuracy studies), PRISMA  statements, STROBE  checklist for cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies, etc. These statements are endorsed by learned societies such as CSE and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) and incorporated as a part of editorial policies in numerous biomedical journals.World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) is the leading organization upholding standards of biomedical editing worldwide. Its membership is free and open to all those with experience in scientific and technical editing in big or small journals. Perhaps the main benefit of membership is the access to Listserve discussions, offering solutions to a variety of problems encountered by editors in their editorial practice. Also, WAME has archived its Listserve discussions and issued policy statements on editorial independence, conflict of interest, impact factors, authorship, etc. Novice editors may advance their skills by adhering to the guidelines presented in Syllabus for Prospective and Newly Appointed Editors. Adherence to WAME's statements and the use of other related resources by members is strongly encouraged, and may be helpful for increasing the quality and widening indexing of their journals.To meet specific needs of medical editors from different countries and regions, several national and regional associations were launched in the past decade. The Eastern Mediterranean Association of Medical Editors (EMAME) and the Forum for African Medical Editors (FAME) are good examples of the regional organizations with specific scope of interests and goals. Improving medical writing skills, avoiding plagiarism, and arranging fair peer review are top priorities for both EMAME and FAME. Both regional associations regularly arrange meetings and publish guidelines addressing specific issues of research culture and integrity in science scholarship .In the era of digitalization and changing requirements toward online and print publication, science editors are under pressure to keep up with the pace of changes ,17.s (ALPSP) is one of the few organizations regularly providing updates and advice on how to meet increasingly demanding indexing criteria of prestigious databases. In this regard, Learned Publishing, the quarterly journal of the Association, can be viewed as a must-read periodical for editors from different backgrounds.Learning new information technologies, switching to electronic editorial management, improving publishing standards, and meeting indexing criteria of citation-tracking databases such as Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) is becoming a matter of survival and further development for most scholarly journals. Available educational resources of most science editing organizations scarcely cover these issues. The Association of Learned and Professional Society PublisherArthritis and Rheumatism, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, and Rheumatology.Along with many helpful resources of the learned societies, some of which are presented in In conclusion, current flow of scientific information and constant growth of scholarly publications require a more systematic approach toward the education of science editors. In this regard, learned societies play the central role by facilitating distribution of information and networking, developing guidelines and policy statements, advocating the editors' interests, conducting research, and publishing periodical literature. To unite specialists with common professional, regional, social, educational, and other needs, and to resolve a variety of the ever changing problems, new associations and networks are forming, some of them on the basis of old ones. Here we are reminded of Albert Einstein's famous quote: “Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving.”


Asia has some of the largest conglomerations of human populations and also the fastest growing economies of the world. About 23% of the world’s population lives in the South Asian region, and one-fifth of psychiatrically ill patients in the world live in this part of the world. Despite vast cultural, religious, geographical, and political diversities, the factors influencing mental health remain the same throughout this wide region, as highlighted at the recently concluded Asian summit, where the slogan, ‘One vision, one identity, one community,’ was launched. Thus, the need to strengthen regional cooperation in the field of mental health has always been felt. This article highlights facts about influence of Indian Psychiatry research as well as of some Asian countries in the world psychiatry and vice versa. Asia has some of the largest conglomerations of human populations and also the fastest growing economies of the world. About 23% of the world’s population lives in the South Asian region, and one-fifth of psychiatrically ill patients in the world live in this part of the world. The South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) was formed on December 8, 1985, in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The seven member states are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan has become a new member since 2005.Despite vast cultural, religious, geographical, and political diversities, the factors influencing mental health remain the same throughout this wide region, as highlighted at the recently concluded Asian summit, where the slogan, ‘One vision, one identity, one community,’ was launched. Thus, the need to strengthen regional cooperation in the field of mental health has always been felt.unmada (oonma-tha) — dating back to 1500 BC, exists in the Atharva Veda, the most ancient authentic Indian medical scripture. Descriptions of conditions similar to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder appear in the Vedic texts; these texts differentiate doctors practicing magical medicine from scientific physicians and surgeons, who lived and practiced in cottages surrounded by medicinal plants. An ancient textbook of Ayurvedic medicine, Therapeutics and Surgical Practice by Charaka and Susrutha, has a vivid description of schizophrenia. It states clearly that only an expert in the field of mental health should treat people with this illness. Other traditional medical systems, such as Siddha, which recognizes various types of mental disorders, flourished in southern India. The great epics such as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata made several references to the disordered states of mind and means of coping with them. The Bhagavad Gita is a classical example of crisis intervention psychotherapy.[The medical compendia of ancient India are replete with references to mental health, covering a spectrum of diagnoses, classification, and treatment methods. A description of insanity — Till about seventeenth century all abnormal behavior was believed to be act of the ‘devil,’ that is, ‘Against God’. The ‘Mentally ill’ were considered evil and described as witches. Gradually over passing time, mental illness was considered as a ‘deviant behavior’ and mentally ill were considered socially unacceptable and put in jails along with other criminals. In the modern era, there was a shift from ‘evil’ to ‘ill’. Mentally ill were called ‘mad’ or ‘insane’ and were placed in special places called ‘asylums’. However, gradually these asylums became the place for human exploitation. Phillipe Pinel was the first Psychiatrist to free these mentally ill from the asylum. Clifford Beers work, ‘The mind that found it self,’ brought to light the treatment meted out to these people in asylums, resulting in a strong reaction to the plights of the mentally ill. This uproar resulted in the starting of the ‘mental-hygiene’ movement.In the twentieth century, the work of Freud and ‘B. F. Skinner and J. B. Watson’ gave a scientific combination of biological and social theories to explain the etiology of mental illness.Psychiatric epidemiology has gone through various stages of growth over the past five decades in India, starting from the first psychiatric epidemiological study by Dube, in 1961,The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia and the 7The Madras cohort was followed up for another 10 years and it was found that it had a better outcome in marital and work functioning than has been reported for similar populations in the West.12 AnotheIn India, relapse is difficult to ascertain. Rehospitalization is one of the chief criteria of relapses in the West, but is not so here. This is The role of the family in the Indian scene is all-pervasive, influencing as it does the decision to seek help , the nature of help , the need to continue treatment, and other issues such as employment and marriage. A report by Srinivasan and Thara describeThe recognition of the importance of families has led to the creation of facilities for families to stay with patients in some centers, such as the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences in Bangalore, and the Christian Medical College in Vellore. This facilitates the extensive participation of families in therapeutic programs. The burden on families of people with mental illness is emotional, physical, financial, and medical. Two instruments have been developed specifically to study this burden.16 CopingSouth Asia has been lacking in the field of mental health research mainly due to lack of adequate financial support and infrastructure, and poor collaboration among various health agencies in the region, due to political barriers among the countries.The whole of South Asia faces the problem of ‘inequalities in health’. The majority of people live in rural areas or urban slums, with no access to care. New delivery systems are needed to target this large group. Pathways to care should be determined and traditional sources  should be explored.Some potential areas for research collaboration in South Asia have been identified: psychiatric rehabilitation, treatment of major depression, culturally acceptable psychotherapy, delivery of mental health services, epidemiological studies, burden of care, course and outcome of mental disorders, acute psychoses, classificatory systems, psycho education, and transcultural psychopharmacology.Individual countries like India have made some significant contributions in psychiatric research. The work of various agencies has been commendable, and the Indian Council of Medical Research, the World Health Organization, the Department of Science and Technology of the Indian Government, the Indian Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, and the United Nations Children’s Fund have been noteworthy among them. Various psychiatric associations have been formed, such as, the Asian Federation for Psychiatry and Mental Health (AFPMH), in 1981, , the South Asian Forum for Psychiatry and Mental Health (SAFPMH), in 2002, , and the SAARC Federation of Psychiatry (SFP), in 2004. The global pharmaceutical companies are also targeting India, by involving several Indian institutions in various international multicentric studies. Also noteworthy is the contribution of the Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS), as it is the largest ensemble of trained psychiatrists in South Asia and has a major role in coordinating research in the region. The Society has promoted the participation of the whole region in its annual conferences, in order to promote better intra-regional cooperation in research.Our society sprouted from the Indian Association for mental hygiene founded in 1929, by Berkeley Hill. In 1935, the Indian division of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association was formed due to the efforts of Dr. Banarasi Das. Thanks to the efforts of Dr. Nagendra Nath De, Major R. B. Davis, and Brigadier T. A. Munro, the association gained its new name, the Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS) on 7 January, 1947. The rules and regulations were framed by the eminent Psychiatrists of that period . The first annual meeting held on 2 January, 1948, at Patna was presided by N.N De.19 The soThe achievements include academic updates as part of professional development, publications like IDEAS and ClinThe Indian Psychiatric Society is a member of the WPA (World Psychiatric Association) and the SAARC psychiatric federation. The SAARC psychiatric federation comes under the Asian Federation of Psychiatric Association (AFPA). IPS has links with the Indo-American Psychiatric Association, Indo-Australian Psychiatric Association, British Indian Psychiatric Association, and the Indo-Canadian Psychiatric Association. Another organization involved in the training and service delivery representing 18 countries is the South Asian Forum International (SAFI).The collaboration and the goodwill of these bodies should be encouraged for the benefit of Indian Psychiatry. The Royal College of Psychiatrists can assist in teaching and training, in collaboration with IPS.India is a multicultural, multi-ethnic, pluralistic society with enormous socioeconomic disparities. This variety on the one hand is exciting, stimulating much research in the field of behavior and mental health, and on the other hand, it is a daunting task to provide affordable and effective mental healthcare, especially to the remote rural corners of the country. The low budget accorded to health and the unenviably low priority of mental health does not make this task any easier.But yet, various studies in India, such as IPSS and DOSMED, have given the world a different outlook toward the role of family in psychiatric illnesses and helped in bringing out various forms of therapies involving family members, which significantly affect the outcome of patients with chronic mental illness. India has played a pivotal role in leading from the front in the region of south Asia in the field of research and patient care, and guiding other countries in psychiatry care.This is clearly the most exciting time in history for the field of psychiatry. The expansion of our knowledge base, as the result of advances in clinical description, neuroscience, and other areas related to etiology and treatment have led to important developments in our approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with psychiatric illnesses. For example, there has been an increasing recognition of the impact of cultural influences and spiritual beliefs as important factors influencing presentation of illness and symptomatology.The increasing number of mental health professionals, the availability of newer drugs, access to information, and the presence of a few centers of excellence augur a bright future for the mental health scene in India, which will be another step in developing the field of psychiatry. This will provide the vitally needed qualitative thrust to psychiatric teaching and research.


Dr. Aristotelis Tsiakalos is not correctly included in the author byline. Dr. Tsiakalos should be listed as the ninth author and affiliated with Third Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. The contributions of this author are as follows: Performed the experiments.


The stated purpose of the second edition of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Animals and Humans is to provide medical professionals, allied health scientists, research workers, and graduate students with current information on the significance of M. bovis in the control and eradication of tuberculosis in animals and humans. This newest edition deals with topics such as the public health significance of M. bovis, pathogenesis of M. bovis, epidemiology of M. bovis (with an entire chapter on molecular epidemiologic techniques), PCR detection of M. bovis with formalin-fixed tissues, and DNA vaccines. As with the first edition, the second edition delivers several updates from various countries on the status of M. bovis infection in animals and humans. Little accessible published information has been available on this topic, which makes the book especially useful.The second edition also deals with several areas not covered in the first edition, including molecular epidemiology, evolution of the M. tuberculosis complex, tuberculosis caused by M. pinnipedii in fur seals and sea lions, the economics of bovine tuberculosis, and cost-benefit analysis of disease eradication programs. Several chapters deal with timely issues related to tuberculosis in wildlife.In spite of its strengths, the second edition adds little additional information to material provided in the first edition on the topics of pathogenesis or diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. In addition, although most of the photomicrographs are adequate, several are of such poor quality that they are of little use. Also, as with any multiauthored volume, some repetition occurs on general topics. The book achieves its stated purposes, however, and will be especially useful as a reference for researchers, regulatory agencies, and graduate students. It will be less informative for those interested in detailed discussions on research in the field of pathogenesis or diagnosis of M. bovis infection.


Geneva Declaration was regularly issued, focusing on the conference’s main theme and was widely distributed . The First International Congress of the ICPCM was held in Zagreb, Croatia on November 7-10, 2013. The main theme was the Whole Person in Health Education and Training. Zagreb was chosen due to the enduring legacy of professor Andrija Štampar, president of the first WHO World Health Assembly, founder of Zagreb University’s School of Public Health, and pioneer of person- and people-centered care. Gathering participants from 29 countries, the Congress was a true example of an interdisciplinary collaboration. The emphasis was on establishing strong links between experts dealing with science, clinical work, and art in medicine, as well as between experts and patient groups . Students also had an important role and contemporary teaching methods were promoted, eg, the use of trained actors as simulated patients, and patients as teachers. Also the integration of all fields of health care when working with patients and their families was emphasized, which is a relationship which must truly be a collaborative partnership. As health care in general is a very complex and dynamic system, reflecting social changes, in recent decades great attention has been paid to the quality of communication in medicine and medical interview (7-9). When we talk about different forms of communication in medicine, we must never forget the importance of communication through art (10). Person-centered management takes into account psychological, physical, social, and spiritual aspects of health and disease. Therefore, education in medicine must be interdisciplinary and directed toward the person rather than the symptom, diagnosis, or disease, with the emphasis on experiential learning. In a community, whether local, national, or international, we must work together toward the same goal: a culture of person-centered medicine and public-centered health care.During the last decade, a series of new models have transformed our understanding of the concept of health and of the implementation of health care systems. Person-centered medicine (PCM) model is one of them (1). The International College of Person-Centered Medicine (ICPCM) promotes medicine of the person, for the person, by the person, and with the person. The ICPCM emerged from the ongoing annual Geneva Conferences as a strong international network of dozens of leading world-wide medical organizations and institutions (2-4). The first Geneva Conference on Person-Centered Medicine was held in May 2008, under the auspices of ten global institutions, including medical organizations, international bodies of health professionals, and associations of patients and families. Starting with the Fifth Geneva Conference, a Declarations are relevant to the framing of crucial areas in health care, raising awareness, and facilitating transfer of knowledge across the different stakeholders involved in health care. During the Zagreb Congress, two documents were formulated and adopted: the Zagreb Declaration on Person-Centered Health Professional Education (11) and the Zagreb Statement on the Appraisal and Prospects for Person-Centered Medicine in Croatia (12). The Zagreb Declaration on Person-centered Health Professional Education consists of eight recommendations. In the Zagreb Statement on the Appraisal and Prospects for Person-Centered Medicine in Croatia, formulated by local participants and the local organizing group, it was emphasized that activities in Croatia can contribute significantly to the development of person-centered medicine and people-centered health care, in Croatia and abroad.Ars medica (the art of medicine) is both art in medicine and medicine of art, as well as a journey from the culture of illness toward the culture of health, from symptoms and diagnoses toward man and person. Medical education is a critical component of person-centered health care, which is developed from the ground up and requires a revised approach to teaching of clinical skills . It is the first step in the establishment of a culture of person-centered medicine among its practitioners and patients alike.Person-centered medical education is a key priority in the implementation of person-centered medicine and people-centered health care. We must see patients as persons within their physical, psychological, social, and spiritual totality.