To report the experience of using the Project-Based Learning methodology, inemergency remote teaching, with undergraduate nursing students.The study was carried out in the course “Educational Actions in NursingPractice”, developed remotely in 2020, during the pandemic caused by the newcoronavirus, in the Bachelor’s and Licanciate Degrees in Nursing at a publicuniversity in the state of São Paulo. The course used Project-Based Learningthrough the following phases: anchoring; driving question; investigation andresearch; creation and development; and presentation of the results as anactive learning methodology, with the formation of small groups of studentsand tutors and process evaluation.The students developed educational projects in health through a virtuallearning environment, platforms, and digital tools.The methodology adopted and the use of digital technologies allowed theachievement of the proposed objectives, the motivation and autonomy of thestudents throughout the remote teaching process, and the development ofcompetences for the elaboration of projects in health education for nursingtraining. The scopeof the spread of the virus around the world has made countries adopt contagionreduction strategies, includingsocial isolation, which directly affected education systems with the widespreadclosure of educational institutions such as schools, colleges, anduniversities,4.The World Health Organization (WHO), in March 2020, declared COVID-19, caused bySARS-CoV2, a pandemicERE).The suspension of in-person activities led Higher Education Institutions (IESs) toquickly adapt, in an improvised way, their teaching strategies and tools,characterizing Emergency Remote Teaching  is highlighted, whichallows students to confront real-world situations, issues, and problems, making themmeaningful, determining how they should be addressed, and acting cooperatively insearch of solutions. It is characterized as a methodology that encourages studentsto work collaboratively and in a team based way on the integration of differentknowledge, stimulating the development of critical thinking and the active role ofstudents, aiming to solve or propose the confrontation of a challenging issuestemming from the construction of a project. The PjBL methodology consists of thefollowing steps: anchoring; driving question; investigation and research; creationand development; and presentation of resultsThe objective of this study was to report the experience of using the Project-BasedLearning methodology in emergency remote teaching, with undergraduate nursingstudents.This is an experience report on the use of the PjBL in the course of educationalactions in nursing practice, developed remotely in 2020, during the pandemic causedby the new coronavirus, in the Bachelor’s and Licanciate Degrees in Nursing at apublic university in the state of São Paulo.“tounderstand and apply the necessary foundations for the development ofeducational actions in health inherent to the practice of nursing in differentsocial groups and learning scenarios”. The objectives to be achievedby students are:The course has a workload of 90 hours, with a practical component of 60 hours, and isoffered in the second semester of the first year of nursing school. It lasts for asemester, with a weekly meeting. The general objective of the course is .“1. To understand the concept of health education 2. To recognize the educationalprocess as inherent to nursing practice 3. To identify and apply presuppositions ofthe theoretical frameworks of the learner’s adhesion and motivation in theeducational practice. 4. To recognize and implement educational practice atdifferent stages of life cycle. 5. Plan, build, develop, and evaluate educationalhealth projects”.The course’s learning program, before the pandemic, adopted dialogic expositoryclasses, case studies, workshops, discussions, and seminars as teaching strategies,with the support of a virtual learning environment, as well as practical activities. The established assessment method included selfand hetero-assessment, reporting, and activities developed in the field of practice.The approval criterion consisted of the final average above and/or equal to five anda frequency of at least 70%Google Meet®, through the corporate platform of the Google Workspaces forEducation® in which students and professors are logged in the educationalinstitution email. Asynchronous moments were supported by the institution’s virtuallearning environment (VLE) Moodle®.The course plan remodeled from the PjBL methodology consisted of theoretical contentsadministered remotely in synchronous classes  through theuse of the software of video calls The instructional design of the course’s VLE was structured following the contentscovered and the phases of the PjBL, aiming to be a collaborative space for learningand exchanging experiences. The environment presented tools for asynchronousinteraction between teacher and students; course guidelines and presentation;welcoming message from teachers to students; course schedule; notices and newsboard; course syllabus; division of tutoring groups; tasks, materials, andcomplementary bibliographies; assessment of classes and tutoring; as well as virtualclasses and the recording of synchronous classes.Google Forms® composed of global assessment questions available in the VLE. For eachproposition, the Likert scale was adopted, with four response intervals, rangingfrom one  to four , as well as a space for studentsto add justifications to their answers.The evaluation method remained self- and hetero-evaluative, replacing the report andactivities developed in the field of practices with the development and presentationof the educational project. At the end of the semester, students were invited toevaluate the course through a form on the platform .At PjBL, students play an active role, being co-responsible for the constructionof the project at all stages, seeking information, exchanging experiences,communicating and collaborating with their peers, in small groups, through themediation of professors who act as tutors in the processThe methodology assumes the development of five phases: anchoring; drivingquestion; investigation and research; creation and development; and presentationof results.anchoring, used to introduce the context of the project tostudents, can be presented in different ways, such as short narratives, data,and information from a certain context, as well as images, videos and/or news.The objective of this phase is to attract the students’ attention and interest,presenting the context and the problem to be worked on.The phase driving question guides and identifies the focus of thecontext and of the problem that will be worked on in the project. It can beestablished in advance by the tutors or jointly identified by the studentsthemselves, based on reflection, discussion, and the definition of priorityquestions related to the context and problem presented.The phase investigation and research for a better understanding andin-depth investigation of the problem, providing the articulation of theory withreality. The greater the engagement around the anchoring and driving question,the greater the involvement of students at this stage.From the anchoring and driving question phases, students are encouraged to carryout the creation and development phase.After investigation and research, students are encouraged to think, together andstrategically, about the best way to create and develop forms of coping with theproblem, characterizing the results presentation, throughdiversified strategies, such as oral presentation, dialogue poster, video, amongothers. If the problem is related to a practical field activity, it can beshared with the subjects that make up the context worked on.Finally, the group of students has the possibility to socialize the developmentof the project systematicaly in the CNS),not requiring submission to the Human Research Ethics Committee.This experience report was built by the course professors and the creators of theproject. The students were active participants in the execution of thepedagogical proposal. This research is part of Resolution No. 510 of April 2016, of the National Health Council  provides the development of the teaching-learningprocess.Learning emphasizes the protagonist role of the student, due to his/her direct,participatory, and reflective involvement in all stages of the process,experimenting, designing, creating, with the teacher’s guidance, the final product.Learning is developed in a flexible way through the sharing of space, time,activities, materials and technologies that make up the active process and projectdevelopmentERE was presented concomitantly with limitationsfor the use of ICT in terms of cognitive, epistemological, and structural obstacles.The insecurities of teachers in the use of technologies, as well as cultural beliefsthat students are more prepared for digital use, are pointed out as obstacles inadapting to the use of ICTs.For some authors, .In this context, there was a trend towards an increase in the number of hoursdedicated to the use of ICT in 2020, with the most used resources being digitallearning environments, followed by audio and video platforms. There were alsolimitations regarding the availability of equipment and the challenges of overcomingthe inequality of opportunities among students, such as technological infrastructureand high-speed internet.ICTs are tools that allow new interactions and the creation of favorable spaces forthe teaching-learning process, as they act as facilitators in the construction andexchange of knowledge, stimulating the exercise of autonomy of the subjectsinvolved,20,21.Several authors highlight successful experiences in the educational process with thepromotion of meaningful learning through PjBL, as learning is based on realproblems, in the context of life, and the proposals for solutions are based onmeeting these needs.In this regard, in the use of the PjBL methodology, the tutor’s supervisory rolebecomes essential, involving students in the creation and execution of the project,respecting the learning objectives and recognizing the difficulty that students andteachers have in planning and executing this strategy, which emphasizes the need forweekly records and monitoring to enable the construction of projects. The use ofdigital tools helps in the planning and execution of the project, as it promotesintegration and agilityThe PjBL methodology was very close to the subject’s learning object – related to thepractical component, which was greatly affected by the pandemic –, allowing thestudent to develop an educational action in health. Based on the health needsidentified by the groups of students, the methodology contributes to theconstruction of educational projects based on the current situation and itsapplicability..In a study on pedagogical action in the light of PjBL, the path traced and theresults obtained demonstrated the methodology as an effective strategy regarding thecommitment to diversify the professor’s methodological repertoire, especially in apost-pandemic context that led to the establishment of a parallel, virtual world andto a reality of abrupt changes in the ways of interacting, dialoguing, teaching, andlearning.At PjBL, students are protagonists and have a voice to make choices during theprocess. Thus, in this course, projects of educational actions were developed indifferent themes, supported by the theoretical methodological framework proposedduring the execution of all projectsMentimeter® was used, with the purpose and opportunity to re-signify the evaluationprocess with ICT as allies. The use of digital tools for the assessment process iseffective and, when directed to formative assessment, allows students and professorsto carry out agile, practical, remote, and synchronous feedbacks.As a form of evaluation, the The ICTs are part of the contemporary model of teaching in health and nursing andtend to be more incorporated as scientific and technological development advances.In the course presented, the use of ICT was essential for the maintenance of thestudents’ academic schedule in the context of the pandemic, especially with regardto the practical component. However, the analysis and reflection on the limits andpossibilities of the use of technologies in health and nursing education arerequired.Offering the course with the use of PjBL, allied to technologies, proved to beeffective in achieving learning objectives, especially in the development of skillsto plan, build, develop, and evaluate educational health projects. The innovativecharacter of the experience in articulating the PjBL with the promotion of thedevelopment of technological competences applied to health education in the trainingof nurses is also highlighted.The tutoring meetings were fundamental for the growth and productivity of the groupof students, allowing autonomy and freedom of creation and learning in topicsrelated to health education, expressed by the satisfaction of students in the courseevaluation.Regarding the future challenges of the course’s professors, the main ones will be:the implementation of the methodology in the return of classroom teaching to supportthe performance and construction of projects to be applied in practice scenarios;and the reflection on the limits and possibilities of technologies for thedevelopment of technological competences in the training of nurses, aiming at theirappropriate use in teaching, professional practice, and in the population’s healtheducation.


This article was published with an error in the affiliation of Biljana Blazevska Stoilkovska. She is in fact affiliated with the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia.


To identify and map the types of analysis in nursing validation studies This is a scoping review with collection carried out in July 2020. The following data extraction indicators were considered: year of publication, country of origin, type of study, level of evidence, scientific references for validation and types of analyses. Data were collected in the following bases: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, Web of Science, PSYCHINFO, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, CAPES Theses and Dissertation Portal, Education Resources Information Center, The National Library of Australia's Trobe, Academic Archive Online, DART-Europe E-Theses Portal, Electronic Theses Online Service, Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal, National ETD Portal, Theses Canada, Theses and dissertations from Latin America.  The sample consisted of 881 studies, with a predominance of articles , with a prevalence of publications in 2019 , of Brazilian origin , of the methodological study type . Polit and Beck stood out as the methodological reference  and Cronbach's Alpha  as the statistical test. Regarding the type of analysis, the exploratory factor analysis and the content validation index stood out.  The use of at least one method of analysis was evident in more than half of the studies, which implied the need to carry out several statistical tests in order to evaluate the validation of the instrument used and show its reliability. In the world scenario, there is a growing number of validation studies in the health field aimed at the production of technological resources with the purpose of supporting care in different contexts, both in the training and qualification of professionals, as well as in management and patient care. From thiFurthermore, numerous materials can be submitted to validation stages, such as research instruments, care protocols, educational booklets, standard operating procedures, virtual learning objects, algorithms and others. These maContent validation assesses whether the content produced is relevant, correct and adequate for what is proposed. TransculUse validation seeks to trace the degree of user satisfaction with the tool built. As for usability, the validation investigates the effectiveness, efficiency and relevance of the use of the technology in relation to the intended objective in a more broad manner.,7 TherefThus, the data analysis stage is important for validation studies, as it is considered essential to establish the relevance and quality of the constructed material. However, the reliability of the analysis process must be in line with the material and type of validation performed. Thus, itStudy design. This is a Scoping Review with a research protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/YH9UZ) based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewer's Manual, accordinStudy location and data collection period. A primary investigation was carried out by crossing Data analysis AND Validation study AND nurse research in the National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases to identify and survey the most common keywords frequently in surveys. Thus, the search strategy was obtained with the help of the Boolean operators AND and OR: Validation Study OR  AND Data Analysis OR  AND Nurse Research OR (Nursing Sciences). It should be noted that the search in each database was adapted to its specific search engines, but the compatibility of descriptor combinations was maintained. The capture of studies was performed in July 2020. The following platforms were used to search for articles: U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SCOPUS, COCHRANE, Web of Science, PSYCHINFO, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). In view of the theses and dissertations that make up the gray literature, the following were explored: CAPES Thesis and Dissertation Portal, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), The National Library of Australia's Trobe (Trove), Academic Archive Online (DIVA), DART- Europe E-Theses Portal, Electronic Theses Online Service (EThOS), Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal (RCAAP), National ETD Portal, Theses Canada, Theses and dissertations from Latin America.Selection criteria. The following inclusion criteria were defined for the eligibility of the studies: research related to the types of analysis of validation studies in nursing, studies published in full and available electronically on the CAPES Periodicals Portal through the Federated Academic Community (CAFe). No restrictions were established regarding language and time of publication. Editorials, letters to the editor, opinion articles and reflection articles were excluded. In addition, duplicate materials were counted only once.Sample definition and Study variables. The study selection process took place in two stages, the first starting from reading the titles and abstracts, which were verified by peer reviewers. In the second stage, the studies were analyzed by reading the material in full and the indicators were extracted: year of publication, country of origin, type of study, level of evidence based on the JBI recommendations, which coData processing and analysis. The selected data were organized in a spreadsheet using the Microsoft Excel 2010® software, evaluated using simple descriptive statistics, and presented in graphs, tables and figures.From the search in the databases, 809,975 studies were initially identified, which were analyzed in stages that are described in The selected studies consist of articles , dissertations  and theses . With regard to the period of publications, the year 2019 stood out  .Regarding the origin of the studies, Brazil , the United States of America  and Turkey  stood out, as shown in Regarding the type of method, there was a prevalence of those classified as methodological , cross-sectional , validation studies , descriptive , observational , cohort and exploratory , quasi-experimental , accuracy, concept analysis, randomized clinical trial and action research  each, case control, sequential triangulation and systematic review  each. It is noteworthy that some studies  did not describe the method used. The levels of evidence of the studies were evaluated, in which there was a predominance of level five , followed by level four , level three , level two , and level one . In addition, the data collection indicators  were synthesized and presented in There were also variables such as the types of analysis of validation studies in nursing and the amount of analysis used in each research, which are described in Regarding the analysis of published studies, the predominance of articles was noticed. This finding is associated with the fact that this type of production is carried out in a shorter period of time compared to the others and, often, they consist of clippings from larger research, such as research reports, dissertations and theses. Regardinstricto sensu graduate courses in the health area, which foster the progress of science and technology, which require a careful evaluation before their implementation and, therefore, validation studies become essential as they attest to the quality of the tool developed. was found as one of the most important dimensions in the analysis of a material, since it allows the determination of the validation of the material based on statistical calculations defined according to the pre-established.,23,24 ThHowever, for Pasquali, this process is understood as Content Validation Coefficient (CVC) and differs in statistical calculations. In this case, each item and the instrument as a whole are validated according to previously established criteria and by means of an expert opinion, which provides the adequacy of the content and semantics of the material to make it understandable to the audience for which it is intended and compatible with the purpose for which it is available. Both verIt is evident that the presence of one more method of analysis in 50% of the studies implies the need for several tests to measure the validation of a material and prove its reliability. These results corroborate an integrative review by confiThe main types of analysis used in validation studies in nursing are the exploratory factorial and the content validation index. Regarding the methodological framework, Polit and Beck stood out, and as a statistical test, Cronbach's Alpha for structuring and evaluating the tool produced. All these processes allow the improvement of the technologies developed and ensure their quality, in addition to enabling their use in health services, since such materials guide and the routine of professionals and turn it dynamic by subsidizing their practical performance and strengthening the theoretical basis.Furthermore, as contributions from the research developed, the mapping of the analyzed information is elucidated, considering that from the results obtained, researchers will be able to base the analyses of their validation studies by understanding which types of analyses are most suitable for each type of approach according to the findings of this material, as well as statistical tests and calculations that can be associated and appropriate references and benchmarks


The concept of One Health is not new; it can be traced back for at least two hundred years , firstlySilent Spring, reporting the tragedy of silenced birds due to biomagnification and exposure to the organochlorine insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) [Historically focused on zoonoses , the conne (DDT) . What isne (DDT) ,14. The n = 2458 inpatients).In the toxicology–pharmacology areas, some recent findings published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, with an intersection with other scientific areas, are worth mentioning. The everyday appearance of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and the consequent morbidity and mortality associated with their consumption is a highly recognized problem . PiperazAs highlighted before for several pharmacological drugs with abuse potential ,30,31,32Discussing toxicology in a unifying approach to balance and optimize the health of people, animals, and the environment is needed. By taking a One Health approach to toxicology, researchers can gain a more complete understanding of the impacts of toxic substances on the health of multiple species, as well as the ecological and societal implications of these impacts, and clues to reach a greener chemistry. This can help inform policy decisions concerning the regulation and management of toxic substances, with the goal of promoting the health and well-being of all living beings. Innovative research directly related to toxicology , but also at the interface of biomedical, biochemistry and environmental Sciences , with cross-cutting issues within the Sustainable Development Goals, is welcome. Real world data and evidence will further improve the translational impact, enabling the development of ecological and needs-oriented research, and to identify the specificities, risk, and resilience factors of the individuals to the toxic insults on health. Finally, multidisciplinary approaches involve the study of toxicological interactions and implications to One Health, biosorbents and environment, food microbiology, chemical compounds and therapeutic implications, drug repurposing, biomarkers, cancer studies, the development of analytical methodologies, and the analysis of real-world data and evidence for a better understanding of the diseases from a global picture point of view.


During the transport, storage, and consumption of edible vegetable oils, the color of some freshly refined oils is gradually darkened, which is known as the color reversion. The oil industry has been plagued by the issue for a long time because the dark color of the oil is related to its poor quality and low acceptability for consumers. Color reversion of refined vegetable oils is primarily related to the processing pigments, especially tocored, which is the oxidation product of γ-tocopherol. However, the underlying molecular action mechanism of tocored is not yet fully understood due to the complex transformations of tocored in oil systems. This paper presents a brief description of oil color, followed by an overview of research progress on the mechanism of color reversion. In particular, the effect of minor components  on color reversion is highlighted in an attempt to explain the remaining mysteries of color reversion. Furthermore, the measures to restrain color reversion by quality control of the oilseeds, the adjustment of technical parameters of processing, and the storage conditions of refined oils are summarized to provide some references for the oil industry. Refined vegetable oils, after degumming, deacidification, bleaching, deodorization, and dewaxing, appear pale yellow or amber when they are freshly prepared. However, during transport, storage, and consumption, the color of some vegetable oils gradually darkens and turns deep yellow or light red. This phenomenon is known as the color reversion of oils . The colThe gradually deepening color of freshly prepared oils was due to oxidation. Meanwhile, the peroxide value of the oil, an indicator of the content of primary oxidation products, was significantly increased during the deepening process, which resulted in the poor quality of the oil . A similThe studies on the color reversion of refined vegetable oils can be divided into four stages . The firThe second stage was from 1960 to 1980, and the research was dominated by Japanese researchers. Tomita et al.  found thThe third stage was from 1980 to 2000, and the research was concentrated in Taiwan, China. A color reversion mechanism, which was significantly different from that of Japanese researchers, was proposed by Lai et al. . SubsequThe fourth stage was from 2000 to now. The correlative works were mostly concentrated in China, and the research field was divided into two parts: mechanism analysis and restraining measures. The color reversion of vegetable oils has been systematically studied by Dr. Zhang . The aut(I) The quality control of oilseeds. For example, the degree of color reversion of oils was influenced by the cultivar, the moisture content, and the maturity of the oilseeds.(II) The pretreatment of oilseeds. Steam pretreatment of raw soybeans has been proven to be an effective measure to restrain the color reversion of refined soybean oil .(III) The oil extraction process. The temperature during the process was very important for the color stability of the oil.(IV) The refining of crude oil. The five processes involved in vegetable oil refining are degumming, deacidification, bleaching, deodorization, and dewaxing. The color reversion of refined vegetable oils was influenced by the technical parameters of these processes (except dewaxing).(V) The storage of refined vegetable oils. The speed of color reversion of refined vegetable oils was determined by the addition of exogenous antioxidants as well as the temperature, light, and sealing conditions during storage.In this review, the color of vegetable oils and the research progress on the mechanism of color reversion were presented. To understand the reasons for color reversion, the effect of minor components was highlighted. In addition, the restraining measures were also summarized to provide some available references for subsequent research and the oil industry.The color of vegetable oils is mainly attributed to two types of pigment. One is the naturally existing lipid-soluble pigments, such as carotenoids and chlorophylls. The other is the pigments produced during oil processing, which are called the processing pigments, for example, the products of oxidative polymerization, and non-enzymatic browning reactions.Carotenoids and chlorophylls are the predominant natural pigments present in most vegetable oils . Caroten2+, and chlorophylls are responsible for the green color of vegetable oils. The main forms of chlorophyll in vegetable oils are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b  The oxidative polymerization of acylglycerols ). The major portion of vegetable oil is TAG, which is comprised of one glycerol and three groups of fatty acids. Due to the presence of unsaturated double bonds in these fatty acids, TAGs are prone to oxidative polymerization at high temperatures, which results in the formation of polar components including the oxidized TAG monomers, TAG dimers, and TAG oligomers . Most of(II) The non-enzymatic browning or Maillard reaction. In previous studies, non-enzymatic browning products of phospholipids (pyrrolized phospholipids) were found to rapidly enhance the color intensity of oils ,28,29. T(III) The oxidation of non-TAG. The color of oils was changed with the oxidation of non-TAG components, such as tocopherols and phospholipids .(IV) The other reactions. Sono et al.  found thortho-quinones, and it tends to be yellow at low concentrations and red at high concentrations . Th. Th−1 toNatural antioxidants are good alternatives to synthetic antioxidants because consumers are concerned about the safety of synthetic compounds. However, natural antioxidants have some limitations and disadvantages, such as low thermal stability and expensive costs. Therefore, in order to achieve the commercial sustainability of natural antioxidants, more efficient and economical methods for the extraction of natural antioxidants from plant matrices should be developed ,97.The market for refined vegetable oils has been plagued by the phenomenon of color reversion. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of color reversion and the effective restraining of this phenomenon is of increasing interest. As discussed in many studies, the color reversion of oils is involved in a large and complex system. Although some studies have shown that γ-tocopherol oxidation is the main reason for color reversion, the proposed mechanisms of color reversion are controversial. Consequently, the molecular action of the oxidized derivatives of γ-tocopherol  in lipid systems is worth exploring, as this could provide new insights into the mechanism of color reversion. Moreover, further research should also focus on elucidating the mechanism of the effect of phospholipids and metal ions on color reversion. Despite the achievements, the issue has not been satisfactorily solved. An efficient and economical method to restrain color reversion is still needed to be developed.


The current Special Issue, entitled “Friction, Corrosion and Protection of Material Surfaces”, aims to discuss the state-of-the-art research progress regarding the friction and corrosion behaviors of new materials and advanced protective materials or technologies, with a special focus on the understanding of underlying friction and corrosion mechanisms and modification approaches of material surfaces against friction and corrosion in order to guide the design and preparation of materials with high performance for practical applications.Friction and corrosion, which exist widely in engineering instruments, marine equipment, aerospace settings, medical equipment and other advanced manufacturing fields, are the key factors that cause surface damage to material surfaces  and the failure of equipment. According to incomplete statistics, they cause billions in economic losses every year. Therefore, the friction, corrosion and protection of materials are hotspots in scientific research ,2.Friction and corrosion are phenomena of surface–interface interactions that are closely related to the environmental conditions in which materials and components are used. The design of materials and components should take into consideration the specific operating environment, so as to reduce the energy dissipation and component damage caused by surface corrosion and interfacial friction between interacting materials . The reaThe research interest of this Special Issue thus includes, but is not limited to, friction and corrosion behaviors of new materials, advanced protective materials, and advanced protective technologies. Moreover, the experimental and theoretical studies of the friction and corrosion mechanisms and advances in the friction, corrosion and protection of material surfaces are the central topics of this Special Issue.


Women are at risk for a wide range of depressive and anxiety disorders and particularly for mood disorders associated with their menstrual cycle, with seasonality, and during the menopausal transition.To review the presentation of depression, the importance of timely and effective treatment, and some of the research surrounding increased prevalence of depression in women, and the times and conditions such as the perimenopausal transition, pregnancy, postpartum period, and comorbidities of this increased risk in women.Dynamic interactions of both biological and environmental factors contribute to the development of major depression. These include, but are not limited to, predisposing genetic influences, gender, environmental stressors, poor social support, childhood sexual abuse, other psychiatric illness, and trauma. Timely and effective treatment of each episode of depression to remission is critically important. Barriers to instituting collaborative care of depressive illness are numerous. The lack of adequate collaborative care along with the consequent failure to adequately diagnose and treat depression reflects some of the deficiencies in the current organization and delivery of health services.The prevalence of depression, its psychosocial and medical consequences, and the worsening course of depression without treatment highlight the public health importance of early detection and improved strategies for the treatment of depression in modern health care settings.


Engineering materials encompass a wide spectrum of structural–functional products that are commonly used in the transportation , construction, machinery, and tooling industries. The final shapes and performances of such products are determined by a sequence of primary and secondary manufacturing processes. In many cases, the performances are intimately linked with and depend on a complex self-balanced (elastic) residual stress state which may enhance or weaken the expected performances of the products in relation to the target application .The quality and performance of engineering products are normally assessed at the end of the manufacturing route via standard testing methods, which are generally of a destructive type . However, these methods are not capable of discerning between residual stresses and the intrinsic properties of a material. X-ray diffraction techniques are used, although not so frequently, to measure the residual stresses over the surface of engineered products at the microscopic scale .The employment of a quick, viable, non-destructive assessment method, which can be used not only at the end of the manufacturing process but also at all the critical steps of such a process, would introduce considerable benefits to industry in terms of improving the processes, quality, and reliability of the final products.The aim of this Special Issue is to show how the instrumented indentation test (IIT) can introduce unprecedented benefits to research and industry because of its quick, non-destructive, and low-cost features. Moreover, unlike the tensile test, only relatively small probing samples are required. The current state of the art is presented in a number of selected illustrative case studies. Further, the possible limits and shortcomings have also been reported. The following major benefits of ITT have been identified in the vast sector of engineering materials and their manufacturing: (a) the rapid setting up of the manufacturing process, (b) the identification of the critical manufacturing stages, such as the replacement of worn tools, (c) in-line process control through the monitoring of any relevant indentation properties at the desired depth of a product, (d) in-service structural health monitoring, (e) the determination of the tensile-like properties of a product , and (f) the possibility of detecting subsurface biaxial residual stress induced by the manufacturing process. The current ISO 14577 standard, Part 1 to Part 4 ,3,4, refIIT is already successfully utilized in the industrial sector of coatings, thin films, and MEMS at the nanoscale  for final quality assessments , althougA number of scientists, users, developers, engineers, and technical experts from the academic, industrial, and research areas have contributed to this first volume of the Special Issue on The Instrumented Indentation Test: An Aiding Tool for Materials Science and Industry. The present state of the art on the subject indicates that, in spite of promising experiences which encourage the transfer of IIT from the laboratory to industry ,17,18,19The article by Schiavi et al.  is speciThe comprehensive review by Montanari and Varone  offers nThe paper by Scales et al.  presentsResidual stresses are ubiquitous in most manufactured products and components. As compressive and/or tensile residual stresses typically induce pile-up and sink-in phenomena respectively during IIT, accurate prior test calibrations and ad hoc corrections are needed. At present, the influence of residual stresses on IIT properties is not fully understood . The papers by Akatsu et al.  and Lee The study by Lee et al. is instead based on an experimental approach. They used the macro-instrumented indentation test (MIIT) to assess the performance of three arc-welded T-joints made of HY-grade (30 mm thick plate) vessel steels. The necessary free-stress region in the samples was associated with the electro-discharge machined regions that were liberated after the dissection operations of the joint samples. They measured the residual stress profiles along the fusion line on the top and the bottom of the plate surfaces using a method based on force difference measurements. The achieved MIIT-based residual stress profiles were successfully validated against the X-ray diffraction-measured counterparts at an appreciable level of confidence. The mechanical characterization of dissimilar welded joints is a complex problem of industrial and scientific relevance. The accurate inspection of the complex inter-phase mixture region, which develops when welding the two dissimilar materials in contact, determines the actual mechanical strength and toughness of a joint. The work by Maizza et al.  presentsThe fundamental study by Pero et al.  on the nThe research by Cabibbo  was drivThe proposed calibration mainly focuses on the indenter geometry (area function) and machine compliance; three reference indenters and three reference materials were considered. The results shown in this work attest a reduced spread of the mean values of the determined indentation hardness, hence permitting a more accurate characterization to be made of individual microstructure features, such as twins in copper, carbides in 100Cr6 steel, pearlite globules, and ferrite grains in gray cast iron. nIIT plays an important role in expanding the science of elastoplastic materials in various forms , due to the possibility of using very small loads with a point indenter. The demand for the determination of a more accurate indentation modulus and contact area during nIIT led Huen et al.  to develThis Special Issue also received contributions that are devoted to material science research.The work by Ohmura and Wakeda  involvesFinally, the possibility of efficiently automating nIIT has enabled developers to enhance the speed of indentation data acquisition and storage to a very high level. This has encouraged researchers to develop more efficient numerical methods to manage and post-process such data. For instance, Kossman and Bigerelle  took advAll of the articles submitted to this Special Issue deal with the latest key advance in the use of IIT in industry and research and pave the way toward a successful transfer of IIT to the vast industry of engineering materials and inherent manufacturing. The contributions have touched on various aspects of IIT, from a pedagogical basis to nanoplasticity science in metallic materials, while presenting important case studies of industrial applications with useful hints for new IIT developments and valuable suggestions for the revision of existing international codes. Indeed, the provision of improved international IIT codes is paramount to accurately and unambiguously assess the final quality, integrity, and performance of the large spectrum of manufactured products and engineering materials in an non-destructive manner. As the number of industrial activities and sectors involved in such an assessment process has been forecast to be quite large, the relative impact on the improved materials, products, processes, and systems and, in turn on our lives, safety, economy, environment, science, and technological progress is expected to be enormous and of great importance.


The spatial structure of minerals is a fundamental factor in determining the morphology, physical properties, and genesis of minerals ,2,3,4. TIn recent years, research activity on the interaction mechanism and environmental effects at the surface interface between minerals and environmental substances has been increasing ,11. In cThermal and kinetic studies on the spatial structure of minerals are also of great interest to the scientific community. Under high-pressure  conditions, corresponding patterns of change and intrinsic relationships in the chemical composition, internal structure, and physicochemical properties of minerals can be observed ,14,15. TThis Special Issue reflects the diversity of spatial structure studies related to minerals. We will provide a brief overview of the contents of this Special Issue in the following paragraphs. We would like to make it clear, however, that the purpose of this Editorial is not to elaborate extensively on each article, but to encourage readers to explore them.Kang et al. (Contribution 1)  treated Luo et al. (Contribution 2)  observedShi et al. (Contribution 3)  carried The article by Hua et al. (Contribution 4)  describeZhao et al. (Contribution 5)  utilizedThis Special Issue introduces the latest research on the physical and chemical properties and modification mechanisms of pyrite tailings, the intrinsic structure and geological genesis of thermally metamorphosed coal-based graphite, the mechanical properties and spatial structure of geopolymer-modified clays, the characterization and utilization of the mineral phases of iron ore tailings, and the spatial structure and mechanical properties of Pisha sandstones under wet and dry cycling. This compilation of articles on the spatial structure of minerals covers a diverse range of research directions, reflected, for example, in the variety of research methods , the flexibility of combining macro- and micro-applications, and the range of media studied, such as rocks, industrial raw materials, and solid wastes. In addition, the results presented in this Special Issue can serve as a reference for scholars working in this research area. We invite such scholars to continue conducting further research on the topics discussed.


A model of recovery and recovery-oriented practice has been developed based on three previously published meta-syntheses of experiences and processes of mental health and substance use recovery. The model integrates the findings of these three meta-syntheses into three components: experiences of recovery, processes of recovery-oriented practice, and social and material capital. The experiences of recovery involve being, doing, and accessing and are viewed as embedded in the processes of recovery. The processes of recovery-oriented practice aim to mobilize and apply various forms of capital to support the recovery journey. Social and material capital, in turn, constitute the context in which recovery occurs and requires mobilization for the individual and the service system. The model is grounded in the principles of well-being, person-centeredness, embedding, self-determination, and the interdependency of human living. The model is both descriptive and explanatory, as it depicts the experiential and processual aspects of recovery and recovery-oriented practice and their interrelationships. The model as a framework needs to be elaborated further through application in practice and research, especially for understanding how experiences, processes and practices interact over time, and how they are affected by access to material and social capital. In enhancing knowledge of mental health and substance use recovery and recovery-oriented services, the participation of individuals with lived experience is crucial. The World Health Organization (2022)  states tThis paper presents an experience-based model of recovery and recovery-oriented practice developed by integrating the findings from three meta-syntheses ,3,4. TheAlthough there are still controversial views regarding the concept of recovery and its application in the context of mental health and substance use (MHSU) care, specifically in terms of the dichotomies of clinical versus personal and process versus outcome, the definition of recovery in the MHSU context advanced by SAMHSA is generally accepted. It states that “recovery is a process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential”  (p. 3). Recovery-oriented practice in MHSU care encompasses person-centered processes such as acceptance and insight, autonomy and control as the basis for the recovery process of self-actualization, transformation from a negative to a positive sense of self, and provider-oriented processes of support and resource mobilization to help people to pursue their subjective recovery processes and handle difficulties that may occur. During recent decades, many versions of recovery-oriented practice models have been developed and applied in clinical practice. Several systematic reviews focus on the nature and characteristics of recovery-oriented practice, beginning with the study by Le Boutillier and colleagues 2011) [ [11] witThe key principles and philosophies underlying various models of recovery-oriented practice include an emphasis on processes that foster (a) living a good life through promoting wellbeing, (b) an orientation towards the primacy of the person in determining priorities and aspirations, and (c) maintaining citizenship and social inclusion. For example, Slade  proposedIn embracing the prevailing ideas in the literature on recovery and recovery-oriented practice and integrating our orientation toward lived experience, we identified three general philosophical/conceptual ideas as the basis for an elaboration of our model of recovery and recovery-oriented practice. These include the principles of wellbeing, the principles of person-centeredness and self-determination, and the general orientation of human life as interdependent and social. Wellbeing has become a central focus of international health care policy, suggesting the need for a shift from a traditional deficit focus in mental health care to a focus on possibilities and the necessary conditions for living well . This foThe concept of wellbeing has also been extended in positive psychology, which focuses on factors that enable human flourishing at individual, community, and societal levels. Seligman  specifieThe notions of person-centeredness and self-determination have emerged strongly in the health care field in recent decades as a perspective in which the worthiness of individuals as autonomous, unique human beings is upheld as the foundation for a meaningful and fulfilling life. These notions are, therefore, viewed as the basis for wellbeing and health, and are founded upon the concept of personhood, which upholds the essential features of being human in terms of dignity, autonomy, and human singularity . Person-Beginning with the thoughts of the classical philosophers, the essential features of human life have been examined in relation to the social component, where politics was the major aspect in Plato and Aristotle. Sociologists in modern times, starting with Weber, Durkheim and Marx and continuing to the post-modernists of recent decades, have pointed out various systematic ways in which social systems and social factors determine and constrain human experiences and actions. In a fundamental way, human living is played out in social contexts in which other people and social institutions both promote and confine the ways in which life is lived. In our work, the work of Bourdieu on human practice and social capital provides a foundation to consider how social aspects of human life influence everyday living, i.e., human practice. In his conceptualization of human practice, Bourdieu posits the role of capital in various forms, including economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capital, as resources that yield power playing out in human practice . To BourThis model has been developed by integrating and consolidating the results of three meta-syntheses by this research team of the empirical publications published during the past 25 years. The major themes reported are presented in The five major themes describing recovery experiences are viewed as specifying recovery as the dynamics between the self and others and as the dynamics between the self and material contexts (one’s environment) . RecoverFrom our perspective, the experiences of recovery are grounded in the recovery processes extracted in the second meta-synthesis. Three major themes extracted here  are then structured into three meta-concepts of being, doing, and accessing . RecoverWhile the concepts specified for the experiences and processes of recovery refer to the phenomena in persons in recovery, the major themes identified in our third meta-synthesis express the aspects of recovery-oriented practice considered as vital characteristics of such practice . These tThe model of recovery and recovery-oriented practice emerges from these three sets of recovery-related experiences as dynamically integrated, interrelated, and coalescing, because the locus of recovery-oriented practice is in the experiences of recovery coexisting with the processes of recovery. This is depicted in By integrating the results of our research, the model is founded in the philosophy of wellbeing and the good life as a human right, the principles of person-centeredness and self-determination as an ideal mode of living, and the philosophy of the interdependence of human living as the essential feature of the lives of humans as social and ecological beings. The concept of recovery is oriented towards the idea that one must strive to live as well as possible and must have access to and use of resources. This means that a person with MHSU problems may need relational and material/environmental support. Therefore, recovery-oriented MHSU services are viewed as supporting, facilitating, and coordinating the efforts of persons with MHSU problems in their recovery journey. The model as depicted in The model is constructed with the conceptual categories as the major components, rather than making direct use of the themes found in the meta-syntheses. This was to enable a high level of conceptualization derived from using the major themes as experientially critical categories. This is primarily a descriptive model that provides a comprehensive picture of various experiential phenomena that exist in persons in recovery in the context of recovery-oriented practice. The experiences of recovery are viewed as inherently embedded within the processes of recovery involved in the recovery journey, while recovery-oriented practice influences and interacts with the person’s experiences and processes of recovery. These three components of experiences are interconnected in MHSU service provision at any given time and in long-term contact with services. A person begins a recovery journey with the realization of the MHSU problem and has experiences that reflect the dynamics of the self in relationships with others and with the environment through the ongoing processes of being, doing, and accessing. When the person receives MHSU services, he/she gains help, support, and coordination in a collaborative framework for accessing, mobilizing, coordinating, and using various forms of capital, through relationships with professional care providers. In an ideal situation, such practice processes will be tailored to individuals’ specific needs and desires. Since the themes found in the meta-syntheses are experiential, they can be used as illustrative components in understanding and describing experiences of recovery and recovery-oriented practice. Furthermore, the model may also be used to illustrate and explore how experiences, processes and practices are interrelated and interdependent. It is also possible to use this model in an explanatory fashion, by examining individuals’ recovery experiences in relation to the co-existing recovery processes and the use of MHSU care practices. Since it is an experientially based model, it is critical to examine how experiences in various dimensions exist for persons in recovery and in relation to practice processes either at a given time or over a longer period.The descriptive and explanatory model developed in this paper, based on our three previous meta-syntheses that compiled experiential knowledge from an extensive number of studies on recovery experiences, recovery processes and recovery-oriented services, demonstrates the complex and comprehensive nature of recovery. Personal experiences and processes are entangled with material issues, and, to enable recovery, having or developing access to a variety of resources is key. The model can be considered a useful tool in enhancing knowledge and understanding of how recovery at a personal level is entangled with relational and material issues, and how relational and material resources are also important at the level of service provision. Being sensitive to how social determinants affect possibilities for recovery is decisive in developing working relationships and adequate services. The model may be used to enhance understanding at an individual-oriented level, at a relational level and at a more structural level, and how these levels interact and mutually affect each other. Thus, the model unfolds recovery as multifaceted and complex, extending beyond the often referred to and criticized understandings of recovery as individual journeys ,19,34. According to the WHO , recoverWhile what is referred to as recovery capital involves a myriad of resources, Best and Laudet  argue thInternational human rights provide an important framework, obliging countries to respect, protect and fulfil fundamental rights and freedoms for all people, including the rights of people with mental health conditions and psychosocial disabilities. A rights-based approach to mental health involves a paradigm shift in what counts as knowledge, and hence also a shift in power balances, which aligns well with an understanding of recovery as also involving a paradigm shift . The UN Mahdanian et al.  suggest


Previous anatomical studies of the urogenital fascia (UGF) have focused on males, and there is a lack of relevant anatomical studies on the distribution of the extraperitoneal UGF in females.In this investigation, guided by the embryonic development of the female urogenital system, the ventral pelvic fascia structure of 10 female cadavers was dissected, and the distribution and morphology of female extraperitoneal UGF were observed, recorded in text, photographs and video, and 3D modeling was performed.We find that in the female extraperitoneal space there is a migratory fascial structure, the UGF, which surrounds the urogenital system and extends from the perinephric region to the pelvis along with the development of the urogenital organs. The two layers of the UGF are composed of loose connective tissue rich in fat that surrounds the urogenital organs, their accessory vascular structures, and the nerves of the abdominopelvic cavity. In the pelvis, it participates in the formation of the ligamentous structures around the rectum and uterus. Finally, it surrounds the bladder and gradually moves into the loose connective tissue of the medial umbilical fold.Sorting out the distribution characteristics of UGF has some reference value for studying the metastasis of gynecological tumors, the biomechanical structure of the female pelvis, and the surgical methods of gynecology, colorectal surgery, and hernia surgery.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12893-023-02239-5. The combination of embryology, anatomy, and surgery has helped surgeons identify anatomical problems, analyze anatomical structures, and innovate surgical methods. With the widespread development of minimally invasive surgery and pursuit of safe and efficient operation plans, surgical membrane anatomy has made great progress. Surgeons from different specialties, such as colorectal surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and urology, mark and name the fascial structures based on the characteristics of their respective specialties by separating their respective surgical areas, and this naming based on surgical practice lacks standardization and uniformity –3. This Ten formalin-treated female cadavers provided by the Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University were dissected using a set of dissection equipment and a camera. The cadavers used in this study had intact retroperitoneal and pelvic cavities, the type of study was anatomical and surgical, and the cadavers were exposed only to formalin solution and no other fluids during the entire study. There was no pathological evaluation of cadaveric specimens in this investigation, and the entire study was conducted by two professors of human anatomy, two professors of general surgery, one professor of obstetrics and gynecology, and three postgraduate students, who were systematically trained and qualified for anatomical studies. The entire study was conducted in strict accordance with the protocol approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Ethics License No. 2014 − 0303). For educational and scientific research purposes, written informed consent was obtained from the immediate family members of the deceased. The format of the informed consent form followed the guidelines of the China Organ Donation Management Center. The methods of this study follow the CACTUS guidelines, which provide guidance for anatomical studies and contribute to the quality of research methods .The peritoneum was incised longitudinally at the bilateral paracolic gutters, the colon was lifted to expose the retroperitoneal space, and the perirenal fascia was carefully dissected to observe its continuation into the pelvis. The specimen was dissected with a saw along the highest point of the iliac crest and the sagittal plane of the pelvis, respectively, and the UGF, internal iliac artery, pelvic splanchnic nerves, and pelvic plexus were carefully dissected, and the rectum, uterus, broad ligament, round ligament of uterus, upper vagina, fascial structures around the bladder, and preperitoneal fascia were dissected. The peritoneum of the hemipelvic specimen was completely and carefully peeled off, fully exposing the underlying UGF. Finally, the aforementioned fascial structures and the organs, blood vessels, and nerves within them were dissected from the cadaveric specimen along with the iliac blood vessels and flattened, taking care to preserve their integrity. Finally, their morphology was observed and documented through text, photographs, 3D modeling, and video.Our research has shown that outside of the peritoneum there is an intact migratory fascial structure that surrounds the urogenital system known as the UGF. The fascia extends anteriorly and posteriorly around and into the female pelvis with the development of the genitourinary organs. The two layers of the UGF are loose connective tissue rich in fat that surrounds the kidneys, ureters, fallopian tubes, ovaries, hypogastric nerves, uterus, bladder, and their accessory vascular structures. The side near the center of the body is called the visceral layer, and the other side is called the mural layer. At the upper pole of the kidney, the visceral and mural layers of the UGF surround the kidney, and they originate from the intermediate mesoderm like the kidney, and we can consider the anterior and posterior renal fascia as the starting segments of the visceral and mural layers of the UGF. In the midline, the visceral and mural layers of the UGF fuse in front of the aorta and inferior vena cava. Laterally, the UGF surrounds the ovarian vessels and is externally bordered by the laterocostal fascia. At the inferior pole of the kidney, the UGF continues to expand and encompasses the genitourinary vessels, ureters, and submental nerves as it migrates toward the pelvis Fig. . Its vis.Embryology helps us to understand the continuity of membrane anatomy. The theories of mesenteric anatomy, fascial anatomy, and membrane anatomy reveal the structure and function of membranes from different perspectives , 15. FasHow the UGF migrates from the retroperitoneum to the pelvis can be understood from the embryonic development of the female genitourinary system. At 4–5 weeks of embryonic development, the mesonephric ducts formed from the intermediate mesoderm extend caudally into the cloaca. Immediately thereafter, the ureteric buds emerge from the end of the mesonephric duct and return to the intermediate mesoderm to induce differentiation into the kidney , 20. ThiThe fascial structures surrounding the uterus and the four pairs of ligaments in the parietal uterus play an important role in maintaining the position of the uterus , 23. GeoMalignant solid tumors are confined to regions of tissue of the same embryologic origin for a considerable period of time. The boundaries between tissues of different embryologic origins are boundaries for tumors that limit their spread and prevent them from invading adjacent tissues of different embryologic origins. From the point of view of the histo-embryological development of the organ, the key to complete resection of the organ is the precise dissection of the fascial gap between adjacent organs. Total mesometrial resection (TMMR) is a new embryology-based surgical technique for cervical cancer that removes tissue of Müllerian duct origin, removes tissue structures of the same origin in terms of embryonic developmental origins, achieves a very high degree of radicality, preserves the pelvic visceral nerve compared to conventional hysterectomy, and thus reduces the incidence of postoperative complications . HoweverThe limitations of this investigation are 1. the cadavers were performed on formalin-fixed cadavers, not fresh cadavers, and the findings can be affected by post-mortem degenerative changes.2. because of the limitations of the autopsy technique, it was not possible to remove the entire portion of the UGF in the retroperitoneal, pelvic, and the anterior preperitoneal space from the cadaver intact.3. lack of histologic validation. These deficiencies will be improved in future anatomical studies.As in males, the UGF in the extraperitoneal space in females migrates from the perirenal space to the pelvis as the genitourinary organs develop, forming a continuous, integral, and complete fascial structure around them that supports, protects, and nourishes the organs of the genitourinary system. Sorting out its distribution characteristics has some reference value for exploring the metastasis of gynecological tumors, the biomechanical structure of the female pelvis, and the surgical methods of gynecology, colorectal surgery, and hernia surgery.Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.Supplementary Material 1


Frontal ataxia, originally described by Bruns, is characterized by the presence of signs of frontal lobe dysfunction, such as perseveration, paratonia, frontal release signs, cognitive changes, and urinary difficulty, associated with imbalance, slow gait, broad-based, the presence of postural instability and falls, retropulsion, and bradykinesia in the lower limbs. The goal of the present study is to recall the historical aspects of this condition, to draw attention to the importance of this clinical finding for the differential diagnosis of ataxias and to review the main semiological differences between primary ataxias .


National Neurology Forum (NNF), held on April 21-22, 2023, at the Palace of Parliament in Romania, served as a platform for exchanging ideas and presenting advancements in the field of neurology  as its central focus. Announced by Health Minister Prof. Dr. Alexandru Rafila in the autumn of 2022 and developed under the aegis of the Romanian authorities, the SNBCC is an initiative aligned with the 2023-2030 National Health Strategy and European level initiatives such as the Stroke Action Plan for Europe (SAP-E). Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the Romanian population, having a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. The SNBCC aims to implement a systematic reform plan for the management of healthcare practices at the national level to ultimately improve population health. The strategy will help policymakers to improve care for the Romanian population by implementing a comprehensive reform plan in the field of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, based on a detailed assessment of their impact on the Romanian population, which will inform initiatives focusing on prevention, investments in medical staff training, infrastructure, increasing access to neurorehabilitation, and consolidating the national network for acute stroke care.EFNR President), Prof. Dr. Cristina Tiu (President of the Romanian Neurology Society), and Prof. Dr. Bogdan O. Popescu (Vice Rector at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest). Supported by the Foundation of the Society for the Study of Neuroprotection and Neuroplasticity (SSNN), the Ministry of Health, the Romanian Society of Neurology (SNR), Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, and George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, the event featured an array of topics, such as neurology, neurosurgery, cardiology, diabetes and nutritional diseases, and physical and rehabilitation medicine. Officials from public authorities, universities of medicine and pharmacy, and national and international professional societies were present at the scientific proceedings.The forum was chaired by Prof. Dr. Dafin Muresanu  panel showcased perspectives on at-home care, the personal, clinical, and economic impact of the disease, and the objective evaluation regarding the burden of advanced PD. The session also highlighted patient and caregiver perspectives on the neurological degenerative condition and encompassed different approaches to the early identification of at-risk patients, improved access to care, and expanded education and medical and psychosocial care. Neurorehabilitation, as an integral part of PD patient care, was also discussed in terms of adequate neurological rehabilitation with multidisciplinary teams, the current state of medical infrastructure, and solutions to expand patient access to high-quality care.Intersectoral Global Action Plan (IGAP) on epilepsy and other neurological disorders and the Brain Health Strategy (EAN) to reduce the burden of neurological diseases and improve the quality of life for patients worldwide.The epilepsy panel approached the importance of prioritizing this disease within national action plans, highlighting the relevance of awareness campaigns and specialized services and emphasizing the scientific significance of recent progress in epilepsy research and innovation. Additionally, the panel provided perspectives on developing a national registry for epilepsy and pediatric neurological diseases and improving medical access in Romania's rural communities. The session aimed to promote the objectives of the The next panel centered around cognitive impairment and dementia, showcasing the importance of early identification and the emotional and social impact on patients and their families. Participants discussed emerging trends and progress in diagnosing and managing cognitive impairment, including innovative therapies and non-pharmacological interventions. The session highlighted the importance and benefits of multidisciplinary collaboration and partnerships among healthcare professionals, patients, and authorities to develop personalized strategies to improve patients' quality of life. Overall, the unique challenges of cognitive impairment and the need for innovative care strategies represented the central theme.The multiple sclerosis panel discussed the burden of the disease and its impact on the patient's quality of life, emphasizing the role of integrative approaches in managing the symptoms and the impact of early identification, monitoring, and access to personalized therapies. The debates tackled the perspective of healthcare actors and stakeholders and were directed toward identifying the main challenges and solutions for raising patient care standards through collaborative efforts among patients, professionals, and healthcare authorities.Focused discussions on peripheral neurological diseases followed, centered around the interdisciplinary approaches in the diagnosis and management of several disorders including Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive muscular dystrophy, Pompe disease, or amyloid neuropathy.The experts discussed the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in neuro-oncological affections, pinpointing the need for comprehensive multidisciplinary approaches from the perspective of oncology, radiotherapy, neurosurgery, psycho-oncology, and palliative care. The use of minimally invasive and modern neurosurgery techniques was debated, as well as the importance of comprehensive evaluation in cerebral metastasis, immunohistochemistry, and pathologic diagnosis. Lastly, the session addressed the determination of tumoral mutations and the use of NGS technology, as well as off-label therapies, clinical studies, and genetic counseling.The headache and migraine panel brought forward recent innovations in diagnosis and treatment and explored the international classification of headaches and migraines and their impact on patients’ lives. The session aimed to identify the most efficient solutions for patients’ treatment by offering a comprehensive approach to all the perspectives outlined.The Romanian healthcare system stands to benefit from integrative approaches, better access to medical care, and increased awareness and education regarding cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The future of neurology and general healthcare should be built upon the collaborative action of all actors involved and center around improving resource allocation, patient care, and medical personnel training. Considering the current disparities in access to care for the population, broadly accessible approaches are direly needed.To support and encourage reformative actions of the Romanian Healthcare System, the second edition of the National Neurology Forum will be organized next year, on 18-19 April 2024 . The fol


Journal of Appalachian Health is committed to reviewing published media that relates to contemporary concepts affecting the health of Appalachia. This is a review of the text Appalachian Health: Culture, Challenges, and Capacity. This book is an ideal starting point for anyone interested in Appalachian history, public health, and health disparities research.The  Scutchfield FD, Wykoff RW, editors. Appalachian health: culture, challenges, and capacity. Lexington KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2022. ISBN-13: 978-0813155576; Cost: $40.50 e-Edition; $45.00 Hardcover.Danielle M. Davidov, PhD, is an associate professor in the Schools of Public Health and Medicine at West Virginia University. Her research employs qualitative and mixed methods to develop and evaluate complex interventions to address trauma and violence in community-based, academic, and clinical settings. Much of her work has focused on the intersection of trauma, substance abuse, and mental health among Appalachian populations. She has received grant funding from the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to explore and address issues related to intimate partner violence and child maltreatment in Appalachia. She conducts research, teaching, service, and engagement activities that aim to enhance the health and well-being of women and underserved groups in her home state of West Virginia. Within the School of Public Health, she mentors undergraduate, master’s-level, and doctoral students and teaches courses related to intervention design, qualitative methods, social determinants of health, and public health prevention.This book is comprised of 11 chapters written by scholars and researchers from public health disciplines  as well as experts in the field of Appalachian studies. Many of the authors are natives of Appalachia and currently live and work within the region.Editors include F. Douglas Scutchfield, MD, and Dr. Randy Wykoff, MD, MPH, TM. Dr. Scutchfield, a renowned public health expert and leader in the field of Appalachian health, passed away in May 2022. Dr. Scutchfield held appointments in the Honors College, College of Medicine, and College of Public Health at the University of Kentucky (UK). He founded the College of Community Health Science at the University of Alabama and the Graduate School of Public Health at San Diego State University. He additionally founded the School (now College) of Public Health at UK. In addition to extensive editing and publishing experience in the field of public health, he served as the founder and previous editor-in-chief of this journal.Journal of Appalachian Health and co-editor of the book under review. He is Founding Dean of the College of Public Health and Director of the Center for Rural Health Research, both at East Tennessee State University. He is board certified in Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine, with an additional certification in Tropical Medicine. Previously, he served as Senior Vice President for International Operations at Project HOPE, as the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health  in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and for 11 years with the Food and Drug Administration.Dr. Randy Wykoff is the current editor-in-chief of the Aunique region with a complicated social, political, and economic history, Appalachia often enters the public discourse as a place bound by geography and culture that is subjected to stereotypes and fraught with health challenges. Appalachia has long been mistaken as an area of abject poverty begging for outside intervention. Still, the region faces significant socioeconomic and health disparities that threaten the health and well-being of current and future generations. A critical first step in reducing these disparities is to document them, examine their causes, and propose evidence-based, multilevel solutions.This text uses a socio-ecological approach to provide an in-depth examination of the complex history and current reality of health in the U.S. Appalachian Region. It takes the reader on a fascinating journey that illustrates how the mountainous region, with one of the nation’s strongest economies prior to the Civil War, and an abundance of natural resources, became home to some of the most distressed and disadvantaged places in the country within just over a century. The authors do an impressive job of describing the region and its inhabitants not as a monolith, but in a way that highlights challenges as well as bright spots using historical insights into the causes and context surrounding Appalachian health.This book is an ideal starting point for anyone interested in Appalachian history, public health, and health disparities research. More established scholars  and their students who focus on Appalachian health will appreciate the myriad comparisons between Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties on a variety of health indicators. Additionally, the inclusion of data demonstrating the geographic variation in health and economic status within Appalachian subregions can help planners, politicians, and researchers focus energy and resources on places most in need. Epidemiological data provided throughout the text reveal that even where improvements in Appalachian health and socioeconomic status have been made, this progress has happened at a much slower pace than in the rest of the U.S.To explain and provide context for these disparities, the authors expertly weave together consequential stories of the region’s rich and complicated history, including hardships like environmental exploitation and mining disasters, as well as powerful success stories, such as the formation of the Frontier Nursing Service and Appalachian Regional Healthcare System. Importantly, this text emphasizes the complex interplay of place, identity, and cultural context, while underscoring the substantial power and influence that structural and political forces have had on Appalachia. Taken together, the chapters of this book provide “a cautionary tale but inspiring fable” of a region of paradox and tremendous promise. Alongside the epidemiological data are stories about local communities and champion changemakers that give us hope for the future with inspiration from the past.This book contains numerous tables, graphs, and figures illustrating comparisons of sociodemographic and health indicators between non-Appalachian counties, Appalachian counties, and in many cases between subregions of Appalachia . There are also tables showing Appalachian and non-Appalachian metrics of healthcare utilization and access as well as data on trends over time for numerous variables and indicators. Included maps show county-level health disparities and indicators throughout the Appalachian Region. To top these resources off, there are extensive endnotes and references at the end of every chapter.This book is an in-depth, nuanced exploration of health in Appalachia, with focus on disparities and health indicators described within relevant geographical, historical, socio-cultural, and structural contexts. While the reader is left with the stark reality that Appalachians unquestionably suffer poorer health and quality of life compared to their non-Appalachian counterparts, we are also reminded of the preventable, reversible, and thus changeable nature of many of the outlined health indicators. It provides us with reassurance that while we have a long way to go to make meaningful improvements in Appalachian health, with solution-oriented, structural, and environmental approaches, the issues are surmountable.Finally, the authors leave us with a charge: Appalachian problems are the world’s problems. If we can learn from the complex lived experiences of Appalachian people to find equitable solutions to their health challenges, those same solutions can be applied globally and locally to improve health.


First, a scoping review was carried out to elaborate the content. In the second step, the content was validated with 46 nurse judges selected for convenience. The minimum criterion of agreement among judges was 80%. The third step consisted of content organization and layout.the guide content was elaborated from the Federal Nursing Council legislation, scientific articles and textbooks. Content was considered appropriate, relevant and organized by judges.the digital guide is an alternative that can contribute to the NP execution and implementation, supporting the planning and implementation of actions for quality of care. Moreover, the published literature on SNC brings a diversity of concepts, generating ideological conflicts in the understanding of nursing practice, in the teaching of nursing theories, the nursing process and care methods-3.The terms Systematization of Nursing Care (SNC) and Nursing Process (NP) are still treated as synonyms in several Brazilian publications, which contributes to the lack of consensus on these two fundamental concepts for nursing practice, with direct repercussions on the formation of professional identityConselho Federal de Enfermagem) Resolution 358/2009 points out that the SNC seems to be a broader concept and different from the NP. This resolution states that SNC “organizes professional work in terms of method, staff and instruments, making the operationalization of the NP possible” and defines NP as “a methodological instrument that guides professional nursing care and the documentation of professional practice”.On the other hand, the Federal Nursing Council .This research was carried out between 2020 and 2021, which followed three steps: 1) guide theoretical content elaboration; 2) content validity; and 3) guide layout. was carried out. Thus, the authors selected as questions for the review: what is SNC? What is NP? What strategies can be used to implement the NP?For content elaboration, a scoping reviewWe included scientific articles , textbooks and legislation on SNC and NP, nursing staff sizing, nursing theories, concepts and application of NP, nursing instruments and records, without restriction of modality or methodology, published from 2002 to 2021. The initial time frame of 2002 coincides with the publication of regulations that provided, for the first time, in Brazil, on the mandatory implementation and documentation of SNC: COFEn Resolution 272/2002.Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF); Spanish Bibliographic Index of Health Sciences (IBECS); Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE); Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied (CINAHL); CAPES portal for theses and dissertations; and Cochrane and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). For electronic search, the tools of the aforementioned databases, libraries and portals were used. A search was also carried out through Google Scholar for material referring to gray literature.The sources consulted were the professional regulation websites, Federal and Regional Councils of Nursing in Brazil and Brazilian states, in addition to bibliographic databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); The selected Health Science Descriptors (DeCS) related to NP applicability, concept and teaching were: Nursing Process; Nursing Legislation; Nursing Education, Standardized Nursing Terminology; Nursing Theory; Nursing Diagnosis; Continuing Education, Nursing Records. For search strategy, the Boolean terms AND, OR and NOT were used to compose the search keys to be used for searches in the databases. To complement the search for attributes in the literature, the bibliographic references cited in the selected publications were also used.Two authors performed a critical reading of the publications, selected to identify and characterize distinctions between the concepts of SNC and NP, identify NP elements that can support its application in nursing practice and verify operational elements of NP and SNC essential to its implementation. This reading included judgment on argument consistency and content reliability of the publications, which were considered, for producing the guide, in line with the regulatory directives contained in COFEn Resolution 358/2009.Based on the scoping review, a pilot material was organized that was assessed and corrected by four nurses with expertise in NP. After adjustments, we proceed to the second step.In the second step for content validity, 147 nurses from care, management and teaching areas were selected for convenience. After nurse selection, an invitation letter was sent by e-mail with information about the objective, procedures and instruments to be completed.®, with a two-section instrument: 1) judge characterization; 2) preliminary version of the guide, still without final layout, for validity of the following items: ability to express the content; organization (order) of content; relevance to the theme; language adequacy; adequacy and clarification of images; organization, sequence and structure.Data collection was performed using Google Forms.The authors established as an adequacy criterion the achievement of at least 80% agreement between the judges, and situations where the agreement index was lower than 80% would be reformulated, following the suggestionsFor the diagramming step, a team of designers was hired, who worked together with the researchers.Based on literature search, the guide content on SNC and NP was prepared in accordance with COFEN legislation provisions on NP. Thus, 47 scientific articles were gathered in the databases, in addition to 24 textbooks on SNC and NP, staff sizing, nursing theories and classifications, concepts and application of NP, instruments for data collection and care documentation.®); NANDA International (NANDA-I); Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC); and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC); and the third addresses strategies for implementing the NP. In addition to the textual content, 32 illustrations were prepared, which seek to exemplify, reinforce and self-explain the pertinent content.The digital guide has 45 pages, being composed of three parts: Defining concepts; The Nursing Process; and Strategies for implementing the Nursing Process. The first part covers the topics: What SNC is; Classification methodology; Staff sizing and development; and instruments. The second deals with NP aspects: process steps, registration, use of classifications: International Classification for Nursing Practice  nurses from various states of Brazil, most of them from the South and the Southeast, with ages ranging from 27 (twenty-seven) to 69 (sixty-nine years old). Length of professional training varied between 1 (one) and 47 (forty-seven) years. Regarding the degree, 41.3% had a master’s degree, 45.7% a specialization and 13% a doctoral degree.In the digital guide content validity, in relation to the ability to express the content, experts’ agreement was 94.6%; in item content organization (order), it was 94.4%; in theme relevance, it was 94.6%; in language adequacy, it was 97.2%; in image adequacy and clarification, it was 93.8%; and in organization, sequence and structure, it was 95.8%. The overall agreement index was 95.06%.In the diagramming step, the written content and figures were reorganized on presentation pages and configured in the format of a digital guide so that it would also meet the needs of those who want to print the material.The cover and all header and footer layout were prepared by a designer. The insertion of content on the pages resorted to the use of tables that highlight some excerpts that summarize the central ideas of the topics covered. The figures were carefully arranged, highlighting their importance and function of composing the content. The screens were assessed and reformulated by the authors together with the diagrammer.Before starting the didactic content, the guide brings a brief presentation and summary, in which the reader can learn about the content covered and guide their search for a specific topic, as shown in In the first part, the guide presents the distinction between SNC and NP, highlighting the differentiating attributes of the concepts, since understanding the difference between them is an important knowledge for the nursing team, as it is not yet the domain of the entire professional category .Part 2 of the guide is entirely dedicated to the NP, addressing the constitutive definition of concept and emphasizing its operational steps. To facilitate understanding, in addition to the definition of each step, figures were also used that represent these dynamics and relationship of the steps, which do not occur in a linear way, but follow a whole reasoning that favors their effectiveness. The legal aspect and the importance of systematizing the nursing consultation were also addressed, bringing its main characteristics clearly and succinctly. The guide exemplifies and presents some of the most well-known and used nursing theories in Brazil .The guide deals with the importance and legal aspects of nursing records, presenting the conceptual distinction between notes and nursing evolution as well as the mandatory elements for registration. The guide then discusses the standardized nursing language systems used in each NP, addressing the structure and way of applying the NANDA-I, NOC, NIC and ICNP® classifications.Part 3 of the guide brings two reports on the experiences of hospitals in the SNC and NP implementation, showing some of the strategies and resources available, and then the references used are presented, as shown in .In the first part, the guide presents the distinction between SNC and NP, and it is common to find in practice and in publications that treat NP, care methodology and SNC as synonyms or with different definitions. There is a conceptual conflict that generates difficulty in understanding the professional practice of nursing.The correspondence of meanings attributed to SNC and NP contributes to the lack of consensus on the concept of these two fundamental components for nursing practice, and this has direct repercussions on the formation of professional identity.The second part of the guide addresses NP. The NP implementation showed that nurses recognize the importance of the scientific method to achieve a systematic and deliberate practice, although in practice they still maintain attitudes focused on care focused on the management of signs and symptoms of diseases, to the detriment of the real needs demonstrated by patients-7,15.Among the main difficulties in complying with what is recommended in the legislation in relation to NP, the lack of theoretical knowledge, practical exercise and resources, as well as the scarcity of time for its performance, stand out. Nurses’ actions often make doing routine, without sufficient scientific support.The legal aspect and the importance of Nursing Consultation, at the outpatient level, were also addressed. Nursing consultation should be used as a technology for differentiated care and provided with scientific knowledge that provides understanding and reflection on their health work. It is important that nurses know the nursing theories, because their use supports nurses in defining their roles, adequacy and quality of professional performance. The guide exemplifies the theme by presenting some of the most known and used theories.NP and nursing consultation should be guided by a theoretical support-19.The theoretical support chosen guides data collection, diagnosis definition, action planning and assessment of the results achieved, influencing aspects of nursing record. Practice guided by nursing theory helps to improve quality of care as it allows nurses to articulate what they do for patients and why. Therefore, they should continue guiding their practice through the lens of nursing theory, in addition to assessing the effectiveness of this practice guided by it.When performed based on theoretical support and with the use of standardized language, nursing records favor a more effective communication between the health team allowing a continuity of patient care. However, incompleteness is still observed in clinical records compromising quality of care and patient safety,22-23. On the other hand, the quality of nursing records arouses the interest and need in other professionals to consult them, allowing a better definition of therapy, care and diagnosis, in addition to serving as a basis for assessment and efficiency of quality of care practices.The guide addresses nursing classifications and records. Standardized language systems are important tools for NP registration, as they qualify documentation and communication between professionals,8,25.The third part presents the report of two hospitals in the implementation of SNC and NP, showing strategies and resources. The NP implementation favors the strengthening and recognition of nursing through standardization of actions and their records-28.The digital guide is an educational technology that contributes to the NP execution and implementation in the different scenarios of nursing practice, enabling quick, simple, direct and qualified access to these tools in a more complete way. Technology can be understood with different meanings, such as technical, scientific knowledge, procedures, processes, products, materials and organizational, educational, information and support systems-34.Nursing technologies are being incorporated into the clinical learning environment as a way of dynamizing the teaching-learning process or in the care and management context, for the NP execution and documentation in order to optimize access to information, records and documentation or to assist decision-making regarding patient care. Technologies also help in the implementation of appropriate practices in the services, organize the work processes, support the execution of health procedures, and update team knowledge-32. In this regard, different methods can guide the process of elaboration, validity and application of technologies in teaching, care and management, and the method used in this research has the potential of reproducibility for developing other materials.The literature is extensive about the development of technologies in nursing. Researches point to the use of qualitative and quantitative approach methodologies, methodological, descriptive, applied technological development, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional, Convergent Care Research, participatory research, action research, integrative or systematic review, User-Centered Design studies, among others-34. We emphasized the importance of publicizing the construction/application of technological productions in order to contribute to the advancement of nursing science.Different formats of digital educational technologies are being developed and used in nursing education, such as applications, hypertext, games, videos, virtual environments, virtual learning objects and simulators with virtual reality. In terms of care and management, studies point to the development and use of technologies such as guides, manual/protocol, software/application, teaching material, non-patentable process/technology, diagrams, instructional material, courses, booklets, recommendations, among othersAs a limitation, the technology content validity step is identified, due to the invited judges’ low compliance, pointing out the need for new research in order to expand the number and representativeness of different Brazilian states and practice scenarios of the evaluators.The digital guide provides nursing professionals with access to material on SNC and NP based on technical-scientific knowledge. In a practical way, themes present in daily work were presented and evidence of quality, efficient, effective and safe care for people. The guide allows access to fundamental knowledge, which will assist in professional practice with more security and legitimacy.The “Guide on Systematization of Nursing Care and Nursing Process” is a technological innovation in health, as it encompasses a broad content, based on national and international references on the concepts, implementation strategies and operationalization of SNC and NP. The guide can be important for the entire nursing category, in addition to serving as an instrument that can bring an understanding of NP to professionals from other professional categories, such as managers and multidisciplinary teams, who need to understand the nursing work process for their decision-making.The guide content was considered by experts as relevant, clear, objective, organized, with adequate and scientifically coherent language and images, and has coherent and relevant organization, sequence and structure. In the global assessment, the agreement rate was 95.06%.The digital guide is available as a motivating and satisfactory alternative to health education, capable of contributing to the NP execution and implementation, supporting health care planning and implementation of actions aimed at quality of care.The illustrations help the reader’s understanding of SNC and NP, representing the definition and relationship between these two concepts, and follows a whole reasoning that favors understanding, allowing quick, simple, direct and qualified access to fundamental knowledge, which will help in professional practice based on scientific evidence.This digital guide is relevant for scientific and technological development, having the potential to generate impact and be applied at local, regional and national levels, as it is available online on the website and can be used in teaching-learning to support nurses and students and provide subsidies for advancing the NP/nursing consultation implementation.