The problem of environmental pollution caused by the abuse of antibiotics has received increasing attention. However, only in recent years have antibiotic pollution and its risk assessment to the environment been deeply studied. Although there has been a large number of reports about the input, occurrence, destination, and influence of antibiotics in the past 10 years, systemic knowledge of antibiotics in the groundwater environment is still lacking. This review systematically expounds the sources, migration and transformation, pollution status, and potential risks to the ecological environment of antibiotics in groundwater systems, by integrating 10 years of existing research results. The results showed that 47 kinds of antibiotics in four categories, mainly sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones, have been detected; antibiotics in groundwater species will induce the production of resistance genes and cause ecological harm. In view of the entire process of antibiotics entering groundwater, the current antibiotic control methods at various levels are listed, including the control of the discharge of antibiotics at source, the removal of antibiotics in water treatment plants, and the treatment of existing antibiotic contamination in groundwater. Additionally, the future research direction of antibiotics in groundwater is pointed out, and suggestions and prospects for antibiotic control are put forward. Antibiotics are a class of secondary metabolites with antipathogen or other activities produced by microorganisms  in the process of life, or synthetic chemicals used to antagonize a specific pathogenic microorganism. Due to selectively inhibiting or affecting biological functions, antibiotics have been widely used in the fields of medicine, agricultural production, and livestock farming and aquaculture, mainly including tetracyclines (TCs), macrolides (MLs), sulfonamides (SAs), chloramphenicols (CPs), and fluoroquinolones (FQs) . The halAccording to statistics, the annual consumption of antibiotics in the world can reach 100,000 t~200,000 t . In receIn order to understand the occurrence status of antibiotics in the groundwater of Chinese water systems, this paper reviews the relevant literature in the past 10 years, and identifies the source, migration, and harm of antibiotics in groundwater in China, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control of antibiotic pollution and the establishment of relevant laws and regulations. The review framework of this paper is shown in Mass production and widespread use are the main reasons for the long-term existence of antibiotics in groundwater. Antibiotics form a variety of metabolites after continuous migration and transformation in the groundwater environment, posing potential threats to the ecological environment. Therefore, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of antibiotics and metabolites in groundwater is becoming more and more important. After decades of development, the detection of antibiotics has developed from a simple observational method to an accurate qualitative and quantitative method, using sophisticated instruments. The commonly used methods at this stage are : chromatAntibiotics in the surface water and soil directly affect the groundwater environment. Among them, the sources of antibiotics in surface water mainly include domestic sewage, the medical and health industry, the antibiotic production industry, and livestock farm and aquaculture wastewater; the main sources of antibiotics in the soil environment are the use of poultry and livestock manure and landfill disposal. After the antibiotics in the surface water and soil enter the vadose zone, they eventually migrate to the groundwater through a series of complex physicochemical reactions and biological actions, such as leaching, infiltration, and groundwater–surface water interactions . This arDomestic sewage is one of the main sources of antibiotics in the environment . Sewage As a producer of antibiotics, the industrial wastewater from antibiotic manufacturing plants and some chemical plants contains pollutants such as raw materials, precursors, and noumenon and their metabolites, which are the first source of antibiotic pollutants in the environment. Compared with domestic sewage, the residual antibiotic concentration in antibiotic production wastewater is much higher , and it About 50% of hospital outpatients in China used antibiotics to treat their diseases, of which about 74% received one antibiotic and 25.3% received two or more antibiotics. Overuse of antibiotics has become a common phenomenon, especially in poor areas . The excAntibiotics have been widely used to prevent or treat human and animal diseases and are also used in livestock farms as growth promoters. Due to the difficulty in being absorbed by the intestine, most antibiotics are excreted, causing a health crisis . It has With the rapid growth of the population, the demand for aquatic products is increasing, resulting in the continuous expansion of the aquaculture industry . To incrReclaimed water irrigation, landfills, and livestock feces will introduce antibiotics into the soil, and the concentration of antibiotics in the soil is related to its source, with the highest concentrations of antibiotics in the soil near a feedlot. Zhou et al.  detectedGroundwater is the final destination of antibiotics in the environment, and its pollution levels and sources have received extensive attention at home and abroad, but systematic investigations did not begin until the end of the 20th century . AccordiBecause groundwater is harder to sample than surface water, and antibiotics are difficult to detect , the curBased on reports of antibiotics in the groundwater in China in the past 10 years, this paper reviews the discovery and distribution of TCs, SAs, FQs, and MLs . The areDue to its larger population and larger area of arable land, China is a major producer and user of antibiotics . The detSAs are the longest-serving synthetic antibiotics in history , and areFQs are one of the newest antibiotics for clinical use and are widely used in the treatment of human and animal diseases . In the MLs are widely used in the clinical treatment of respiratory and skin infections due to the advantages of strong penetrating power, shortening the course of disease, and a significant bacteriostatic effect . As showAntibiotics have been detected in underground environments such as soil and groundwater. It has been reported that the main processes involved in antibiotics entering groundwater include sorption, hydrolysis, and microbial degradation, and that they are affected by various environmental factors and physical and chemical properties . AlthougThe content of antibiotics in groundwater is related to the hydrological source and the geological characteristics of the aquifer . AntibioThe migration of antibiotics in groundwater mainly depends on the sorption to soil and sediment. Generally speaking, antibiotics with strong sorption capacity do not easily migrate in the environment, are relatively stable, and easily accumulate, while antibiotics with weak sorption capacity are easily washed and migrated into groundwater with the water cycle. Sorption is mainly affected by various environmental factors such as various physicochemical properties of antibiotics, pH values, the content of soil and sediment organic matter, and cation exchange capacity. Sorption is critical for antibiotics entering groundwater . The sorHydrolysis is an important environmental behavior for the degradation of antibiotics in the groundwater environment. During the reaction, the parent structure of the antibiotic is broken, and then, one or more degradation products are generated. The hydrolysis process of antibiotics in the groundwater environment is affected and restricted by water environment factors and the physical and chemical properties of antibiotics . Through laboratory biodegradability testing with sewage sludge, Längin et al.  found thAlthough the number of microorganisms in groundwater is very scarce, biodegradation is still an important pathway for the transformation of antibiotics in groundwater. When antibiotic-contaminated water seeps through soil profiles and reaches aquifers, biodegradability is slowed by limited microbial populations, oxygen, and nutrients. The degradation of antibiotics in groundwater is affected by environmental factors, microbial properties, and the molecular structure of antibiotics. For example, SMZ is less biodegradable than other antibiotics in microcosm studies . Maki etConcentrations of antibiotics are lower in groundwater than in surface water , but in This article reviews the emergence of ARGs in the groundwater of China, as shown in The ecological harm of antibiotics in the water environment is mainly reflected in two aspects: the impact on aquatic organisms and the disturbance of element circulation in the aquatic ecosystem. There are different types of microorganisms in groundwater. When the residual concentration and time of antibiotics exceed the tolerance limit of microorganisms, they will inhibit the growth of microorganisms or even kill microorganisms, significantly affect the number and types of microorganisms, make the microbial community resistant, disrupt the balance of the ecosystem, and interfere with element circulation.The impact of antibiotics on the ecosystem is mainly reflected indirectly through the relationship between microbial individuals, populations, and ecosystem functions, including the number, activity, community structure, and toxicity effects of microorganisms . Chen etThe cycle of elements in the water ecosystem usually requires the participation of microorganisms. For example, the processes of biological nitrogen fixation, ammoniation, nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and nitrate dissimilatory reduction to ammonia involved in the cycle of N in water are inseparable from the action of microorganisms. Both the phosphorus cycle and carbon cycle in water are driven by microorganisms. Since antibiotics have the effect of killing or inhibiting microorganisms, antibiotic residues in the water environment will inevitably affect the circulation of elements. Many studies have confirmed that antibiotics in the water environment can interfere with nitrogen cycling  and affeZhang et al.  calculatThe abuse of antibiotics not only pollutes the environment, but also poses a potential threat to human health and the ecology. To alleviate and control the problem of antibiotic pollution, the most important thing is to control the source discharge of antibiotics, and the control and management of antibiotic pollution should also be conducted from the perspective of sewage treatment and groundwater restoration.As a prominent country in livestock farming and agriculture, China faces greater challenges than other countries in terms of antibiotic pollution. Actions have been taken so far in China, which have regulated the use of antibiotics in animal feed since 1989 . RegulatMore than half of the antibiotics that have not been fully utilized enter sewage treatment plants in China. Due to the lack of effective treatment technology, some antibiotics will enter the environment. In order to reduce the pollution of antibiotics in the environment, a variety of economically feasible antibiotic wastewater treatment technologies have been developed . The actAlthough measures have been taken at the source discharge of antibiotics and treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics, antibiotics still enter groundwater with improperly discharged sewage, so groundwater contaminated by antibiotics should also be treated. At present, the common remediation technologies for treating pollution in groundwater are divided into ex situ remediation technologies and in situ remediation technologies, according to different technical means . EctopicThis paper reviews the occurrence characteristics of antibiotics in the groundwater systems of major provinces and cities in China in the past decade. The results show that a total of 47 antibiotics in four categories have been detected, and SAs and FQs have the most types and the highest cumulative concentrations.The problem of antibiotic residues has become a global public health problem. As a major producer and user of antibiotics, China’s antibiotic contamination problem cannot be underestimated. However, at present, there are few reports on antibiotics in groundwater in China, and research on the pollution status and prevention methods of antibiotics is even rarer. Therefore, the research and prevention of antibiotic pollution in groundwater can be carried out from the following aspects. Researchers can develop the most suitable method for the effective, rapid, and low-cost detection of antibiotics to establish a database of antibiotic contamination in groundwater in China, and reveal the migration and transformation rules of antibiotics, which can provide data support for the research and prevention of antibiotic pollution in groundwater in China. Based on the survey results, the government can formulate standards for the content of antibiotics in various media in China, and improve corresponding laws and regulations to manage and strictly control the use of antibiotics. In addition, the contamination of antibiotics in groundwater can be controlled from another important aspect: developing new and effective methods for treating antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.


Depression is a leading cause of disability, affecting approximately 300 million people globally . In the Similarly, notions of depression and depression care, including gender and contextual norms, vary across cultures ,9. HegemAdditionally, the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the loss of loved ones, family conflict, job loss, and isolation due to transmission mitigation efforts in addition to overall uncertainty on depression has yet to be determined . NonetheNotwithstanding the unknown impact of the pandemic on the prevalence and incidence of depression, there is a lack of up-to-date data on mental health. In the United States, the most recent national data on behavioral health prevalence were collected in the early 2000s via the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiologic Surveys (CPES) ,13. In tInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) entitled “Perceptions of Depression and Depression Care” includes papers from scholars who are grappling with these questions in different contexts and across different cultures. Taken together, it is critical to improve our understanding of depression and how to improve the provision of depression care. Furthermore, it is imperative to account for the effects of cultures and contexts on how depression as a condition is framed and how depression care is received. These are major challenges that span the globe. The papers in this issue of the


The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledges the importance of preschool children taking part in comprehensive physical activities supporting, among other things, their motor development, and competencies. A growing number of children attend early childhood education and care (ECEC), and expectations that this will support the development and learning of the youngest children are high. ECEC are governed by different policies embodied in both laws and curricula, and the framework of a curriculum plays a key role in ensuring the quality of ECEC services. The documents represent the content society wants the ECEC institutions to disseminate, and set out the values, objectives, and content of the work of pre-school teachers and serve as a point of reference for ECEC teachers and schools. The purpose of this study was to examine the values of movement and physical activity (MoPA) using government policy documents ECEC from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.This descriptive, comparative study was designed based on curriculum theory and used word count and content analyses to examine values of MoPA and to identify similarities and differences in the ECEC policies of Nordic countries.Seven terms were identified as MoPA related; body, motor, move, physical activity, physical education, coordination, idrott/liikunta. These terms occurred in various content contexts: development, environment, expression, health and well-being, learning and play, albeit sparsely and were referred to as both a goal in itself and as a mean of achieving other goals . Formulations dedicated to MoPA as a goal were present in the Danish and Finnish curricula and, to some extent, also in the Norwegian, while the Icelandic and Swedish curricula mentioned MoPA only as a mean.Findings indicated that MoPA, which are important for children's development, health, and well-being, is a low-priority value, to varying degrees, in the ECEC policies enacted by the Nordic countries. Thus, the guidance provided to educators and stakeholders therein is inexplicit. The low priority of the MoPA domain in the ECEC policies might negatively affect the possibility for young children to be physically active in preschools.


Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) belongs to the group of severe childhood epileptic encephalopathies and represents 1 to 2% of all childhood epilepsies.It is characterized by the occurrence of generalized epileptic seizures, characterized by a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram; slowed mental development and personality disorders.This syndrome appears between the ages of 2 and 7 years, and its management remains difficult, as it is generally refractory to conventional treatment.The long-term prognosis of this syndrome is poor, marked by the presence of periods of regression of cognitive functions, the appearance of frontal or even psychotic signs and extrapyramidal and cerebellar signs.We will try trow a clinical case, to discuss the evolution of Lennox Gastaut syndrome towards schizophrenia, which remains an infrequent complication, and to determine what would be the adequate management of these patients?We report the case of a 16-year-old patient,followed for Lennox Gastaut syndrome since the age of 03, who presented to the psychiatric emergency room for psychomotor agitation, geophagia and altered general condition. The admission interview showed a patient with motor instability, disorganized speech, delusional persecution syndrome, auditory and intrapsychic hallucinations, suicidal ideations in the context of mental automatism, impaired judgment and insight, and insomnia.The blood tests and the brain CT scan came back without any particularities.The patient was put on Risperidone, Valproate sodium, Lamotrigine and Clobazam, with good clinical evolution.The cognitive consequences are catastrophic, 85 to 92% of the patients have a progressive cognitive deterioration, in spite of the reduction of the frequency of the seizures and the improvement of the paroxysmal EEG anomalies.No significant relationships.


The study of human settlement environment, especially the complete study of human settlement environment in mountainous region, is a huge systematic project, which involves almost all aspects of human knowledge system at the semantic level. It is an important task to establish a systematic cognitive model of human settlement environment and carry out practical verification. In recent years, due to the rise of tourism real estate, mountain tourism real estate, as a type of tourism real estate, has attracted people's attention, and its hidden economic, social, and ecological benefits make it develop rapidly. The purpose of this study is to improve the theoretical system of tourism real estate landscape planning and mountain landscape resource protection system with 3D image technology, which has important theoretical and practical significance for exploring the sustainable development method of mountain tourism real estate landscape. This study locates the research type of mountain tourism real estate, and it is the first time to study mountain tourism, explores the specific planning of mountain tourism real estate development measures, and preliminary establish the theoretical system of mountain tourism real estate development. It brings a new idea for the development of mountain tourism real estate and puts forward the direction and method of planning. With the development of the economy and the improvement of people's living standards , many buyers are simultaneously turning to the tourism industry, which has rapidly spread from large- and medium-sized cities to small-sized cities. Therefore, vacation has become the main form of tourism in a short time . In orde Mountainous area is a terrain with uneven surface distribution and elevation difference reaching a certain threshold. However, from the perspective of human social attributes, mountain characteristics are actually an important cause of spatial differentiation . 6, 7]., 7.6, 7]With the continuous development of tourism real estate, how to carry out the construction of landscape environment of tourism real estate, to achieve the harmonious balance and sustainable development of economy and social culture by landscape ecology, is a problem that we are facing at present and need to solve. Tourism real estate development is a collection of landscape environment and the combination of tourism real estate planning cross domain . For nowWith the development of tourism real estate, the infrastructure of tourism resort is constantly built and improved, and a large number of construction are poured into coastal, lake, mountain, and other landscape tourism areas, resulting in the destruction of many original landscape environment. At the same time, due to the over-development of tourism real estate in the local area, the local traditional social culture gradually declined or even disappeared. Therefore, to maintain continuation and development of landscape culture resources, we must first consider the future development of tourism real estate is the problem; only through reasonable and sustainable development of protection principles can we make our eternal vitality and unique tourism real estate landscape. In the 1990 s, China began to tourism real estate in 1992. The State Council approved the construction of 12 state-level tourist resorts, and so far, various types of tourist real estate have developed rapidly across the country. However, compared with developed countries such as Europe and the United States , tourism real estate in China started late; the related theoretical system is relatively backward; in order to establish perfect theory system, we must combine landscape science, environmental, ecology, and other related theory, to explore suitable for China's national conditions of tourism real estate development real principles and methods, so as to promote the perfection of the theory on tourism real estate development in China . The development of tourism real estate will certainly promote the development of local economy, which is of course beyond doubt. However, we also want to scientifically use of reasonable planning and improve the utilization rate of resources, to maximize the local resource advantage to tourism as today's popular industry, not only brought the rapid development of economy but also benefits the local people, and a more solid foundation has been laid for the construction of socialist avenue , 18.New theories promote the development and evolution of new technologies, and new technologies often, in turn, promote the development and innovation of theories. The main technology platform of this study is based on 3D image processing technology, which is a beneficial attempt to innovate the discipline methodology of architectural planning. This study tries to find a new scientific research model of human settlement environment and supports the scientific and expansibility of human settlement environment with new methods and solid scientific logic. As far as the current situation is concerned, 3D image technology has been applied in the field of urban planning, but this kind of research lacks an integrated, systematic, and theoretical research perspective, especially the research on the cultural tourism of famous ethnic groups in mountain areas, which makes it possible for this research to achieve some original results. The research significance of this study is summarized as follows:Tourist real estate in the south of France and Naples, Italy, had its earliest forms before the nineteenth century. In 1839, Lord Brougham, the British Prime Minister, built his own villa on the Bay in southern France and praised it, thus arousing the great interest of most British people in the bay. In 1858, the French poet, Conneau, sent a letter to the wife of Napoleon III and once again made the southern coast of France a holiday hot. Due to the establishment of villas and hotels and various entertainment facilities, the most famous leisure and health resorts are made here in Europe, thus attracting many nobles to gather here. After World War I 1918), before the advent of the Great Depression, the traditional Puritan morality collapsed and the hedonism of the jazz age became popular. The value of this land on the south coast of France was once again favored by Americans, and American jazz culture replaced the original aristocratic coastal vacation culture [18, beforIn the early 1980s, the concept of timeshare vacation exchange began to spread all over the world, mainly developed capitalist countries in Europe. During this period, a large number of investors and developers in this area, due to the increasing product, make product business model more clear, relevant law also constantly improves and forms a complete set of services, and management industry and exchange industry also developed rapidly mature; according to relevant data, in 1999, the global timeshare property sales was as high as 6.72 billion dollars, and the United States accounted for 55%, among which the sale of rooms accounted for 50.4%. The world's largest resort, Condominium International (RCI), is an American company founded in 1974. Headquartered in Indiana, USA, the company is the first in the world to introduce the concept of timeshare exchange. As one of the global vacation rental market leader, RCI has more than 3 million members worldwide and covers 73,000 resorts worldwide , 21. In China's tourism real estate started late, starting with timesharing resort hotels in Hainan in the 1990s. With the development of China's reform and opening up, Hainan has its unique tropical never winter island, beautiful scenery, pleasant climate, and fresh air, which attracts a large number of real estate developers and presents the real estate demand in Hainan. During this period, Hainan's tourism real estate accounted for 40% of the national market share. Hainan's real estate development mode integrating leisure, and vacation tourism is overturning the traditional real estate development mode. Hainan has always been regarded as a paradise for tourism and vacation. Tourism real estate started earlier . However Parallel: the first is environment science and the information mapping theory of parallel; so far, the living environment of scientific research achievements of theory and practice has widely appeared, geological information of map-related research also gradually prospers . Object discretization: at present, the outstanding problem of human settlements environment-related research is object discretization, and there is lack of effective integration. The research methods are flat and descriptive, and there is no effective methodology and technical model for the study of human environment system. The object discretization is mainly manifested by the fuzzy definition of the object of human environment system or the semantic repetition and logical crossover in the definition of research objects. Mountain plains: the main problem is the lack of summary of the characteristics and rules of living environment; just the plain human settlement environment model and the design method to are used to study mountain problems . The griOn the contrary, while the theory and practice of human settlement environment science are flourishing, as a cross-sectional methodology, the related theory and empirical research of 3D image technology is also flourishing in the geoscience, although the research of 3D image mountain tourism is also in a stage of exploration and research. It can be noted that, so far, the relevant research on mountain tourism is mainly focused on the natural field . From the perspective of semantic model, the object and category of mountain cultural tourism research are quite different from that of human settlement environment research, which can only be used for reference in methodology . TherefoImprove the theoretical system of tourism real estate landscape planning and mountain landscape resource protection system with 3D image technologyThis work has important theoretical and practical significance for exploring the sustainable development method of mountain tourism real estate landscapeThe contribution of this study is as follows:The research is a typical cross-cutting research, which has the following key issues to be solved at the theoretical and technical level: (1) semantic  composition and logical relationship sorting (object) of (mountain) human settlement environment system; (2) the constitution and internal contradiction of human settlement system (structure); (3) identification and expression model of human settlement environment system (mountain) (technology); (4) index system and numerical modeling (method) of (mountain) human settlement environment; (5) (mountain) regional verification of spatial information Atlas of mountain human settlement environment (test); (6) law condensing and model innovation (summary). To analyze and express the living environment through the spectrum of spatial information graph of the living environment, its key logical order is as follows: clear the research object, analyze the object structure, establish the expression model, establish the analysis model, establish the empirical model, and propose the planning model.Among the six key links, the most important problem is the living environment of semantic model because when the former human settlement environment still stays on the concept description, it is an open system; combined with the related discipline, each holds one word and is not easy to use unified agreed to the key words to describe key logic structure of living environment. As a result, the solutions to these key problems are largely subjective. In the practical process, it is necessary to combine theory with practice, in order to carry out comprehensive research and analysis on the basis of the existing theoretical and practical achievements. At the technical level, the study takes 3D image technology as the platform, comprehensively integrates various research methods, and forms a research framework of mountain culture tourism.Convolutional neural network is one of the important branches of deep learning. The super-resolution technology based on convolutional neural network mainly relies on the rich operations of neural network such as convolution, deconvolution, pooling, and activation. Convolutional layer is the basis of neural network. Through the convolutional kernel , input signals can be extracted from different levels, depths, and even different frequency bands of information. The convolutional kernel is similar to various operator templates in traditional algorithms, such as gradient operator and smoothing operator. However, traditional template operator values are fixed, and specific features can only be extracted according to specific settings. Different from this, convolutional templates in neural networks only need to be initialized and then automatically updated through the iterative optimization of the network. At present, the convolutional kernels are divided into 2D convolution and 3D convolution, and their sizes are generally odd.γ and offset parameter are also introduced. This can not only make the output data of the upper layer conform to normal distribution but also keep the characteristic structure of the output of the upper layer unchanged. The following is the derivation of the specific formula:In the network design architecture, in addition to the linear or nonlinear processing of data, there are many specialized normalized layer operations that are helpful for network training convergence. For example, the layer normalizes data in channel direction, and the group norm divides channels. The most effective method is Batch Norm (BN), which refers to subtracting the mean and dividing by the variance in the ordinary sense, while BN is to normalize the data of eachbatch. In addition to subtracting the mean and dividing the variance, scale transformation parameter The above super-resolution method is to build some basic layers through the network, based on these basic operational layers. At present, convolutional neural networks, used to achieve image super-resolution, can be roughly divided into series and parallel networks, residual network, pyramid network, recursive network, dense connection network, and generative adversarial network and the combination between them. The structure of series and parallel networks is relatively simple and the input of low resolution rate graph. For example, the serial convolutional structure of the network should not be too deep through the direct output of stacked convolutional layers. It is an efficient structure and has significant advantages over other structures, whether used for classification tasks such as recognition or regression tasks such as super-resolution reconstruction. The selection of network training optimizer mainly includes batch gradient descent (BGD), stochastic gradient descent (SGD), minibatch gradient descent (MBGD), and momentum optimization algorithm. The momentum learning method weighs the importance of the previous gradient and the current gradient on the basis of SGD, and the formula is expressed asThe RMSprop optimizer can adaptively adjust the learning rate by using the gradient accumulation of previous training, and its updating formula isAdam optimizer combines a compromise version of momentum optimization and RMSprop optimization, which is the most stable among all optimizers at present. Its optimization strategy can be summarized asBased on equations –12), Fi, Fi12), This study mainly adopts the method of corpus research and combines quantitative statistics with qualitative analysis. First of all, we collected news texts from People's Daily for consecutive months and established a large database. Then, according to the research purposes of different chapters, we extracted samples from the main corpus and built a secondary corpus. For some chapters, we also classified and collected them according to the needs. Then, we sorted all the subcorpora in each chapter of the newspaper into text documents to establish a pair of subcorpora.There are many kinds of tourism resources, including viewing and recreation resources, ecological environment resources tourism services, facilities and service level, hotel catering, leisure entertainment, etc. All kinds of tourism resources are leisure tourism areas developed by vacationers or tourists and are the material basics for entertainment, sports, fitness, and other activities. The type, quality, and scale of tourism resources directly determine the attraction and development potential of the resort. Through the transformation of buildings, vegetation, and water bodies in Shinan Water culture tourism zone, the efficiency of water-bearing forest is improved. The dust-holding capacity of rivers is conducive to the degradation and dilution of concentration of some pollution sources and the improvement of water ecosystem function and water environment quality. The comparison before and after the transformation is shown in The size of the derived agents  of the corresponding human settlements also increases. In a long period of history, the suitability state of mountain tourism area is approximately unchanged, that is, during this period, the adaptability of human settlement environment is mainly passive adaptation. If the object of human settlement is simplified as topographic and geomorphic environment, the suitability of the object of human settlement can be approximately regarded as a fixed value. With the development of human society, especially after the arrival of industrialization process , the characteristics of the subject and object of human settlement environment have undergone tremendous changes. The focus on hotspot distribution before (right) and after (left) mountain water resource rehabilitation design project is given in From In addition, from Due to the unique tourism resources and huge development potential of tourist resorts, it is of great significance to study and explore the development of famous cultural tourism in mountain areas for a hundred years. On the basis of not damaging local landscape resources, this study designed a conceptual effect map, as shown in Mountain landscape attraction is mainly manifested in the following three aspects, Firstly, the mountain landscape environment is different from Binhai lakeside hot spring tourism real estate of another type, such as relying on the unique mountain natural ecological environment to attract tourists. Secondly, mountain villa holidays, especially in scorching summer, became the most suitable resort mountain. Thirdly, culture and entertainment are the soul of mountain tourism real estate. In order to make the development of mountain tourism real estate obtain lasting attraction, there must be a certain cultural environment, such as folk customs, temples, and historical sites. Entertainment mainly refers to the supporting facilities of tourism sites, such as commercial streets, hotels, and ski mountain bike races, which make tourism real estate sufficiently attractive and serve tourists better and drive the development of local economy. Exhibition of water culture tourist destination before (b) and after (a) reconstruction is given in Through consulting a large number of books and literature, in the comprehensive use of landscape ecology, tourism, geography, biology, and other multidisciplinary theoretical knowledge, based on the research of 3D image technology, the study explores the related technologies and theories of combining mountain water cultural tourism real estate development with landscape planning and design and makes relevant explorations and studies on the problems existing in related concepts, content, technology, environmental conditions, and other aspects of planning. The research of this study will expand the research scope of mountain culture tourism and has great theoretical value and potential application prospect.


To analyze the contributions of the Brazilian Nursing Association and the Federal and Regional Nursing Councils in the literature for the professionalization of nursing in the light of Eliot Freidson’s theoretical conceptions.Integrative review of the literature, of socio-professional historical interest, carried out from June to November 2021, through the question: How did professional associations contribute to the professionalization of Brazilian nursing according to the literature from 2010 to 2020? The evidence were organized in a synoptic table, which allowed the construction of a conceptual map.In the 23 selected studies, the professional associations presented scientific, social and political contributions, which shape the professional field of nursing, enabling knowledge/expertise, autonomy and self-regulation.The efforts of these institutions reaffirm nursing as an academic and consulting profession, capable of exerting control over the essence of nursing work. They strive to consolidate nursing as a legitimate professional field of health in Brazil. The central idea of the sociologist’s proposal is that the most productive method for analyzing professions is based on focusing on the way in which they achieve or lose control over the terms, conditions and content of the work.In the scope of the sociology of professions, the American theorist Eliot Freidson states that a profession is distinguished from an occupation by the control it exerts over work.Furthermore, Freidson characterizes a profession by three aspects: knowledge/expertise, self-regulation and autonomy. Professions share a specialized body of knowledge and qualifications which have jurisdiction, whose credentialing occurs through institutionalization in schools and universities, and occupational control of practice in the labor market, by requiring credentials to perform licensed and state-backed actions. It is through autonomy that the profession controls what is its own. When considering these aspects, it is noted that class institutions become bases for profession, discipline and work. They also support professionalism, a set of characteristics specific to professionals; and professionalization, characterized by interdependent elements, specialized work based on specific knowledge and ethics, when applying and performing professionally.Credentialism is consolidated in the specific knowledge/expertise of the profession, indispensable to legitimize the achievement of autonomy.Class institutions act effectively in favor of the category and society when they defend a political project of training and qualification that meets the interests of professionals in this class and social demands. They promote the dissemination of knowledge about and for the profession, representing these professionals in the different fields of activity in which they are inserted-7.In Brazil, the vanguard of the organization of nursing and the representation of the categories took place in 1926, with the graduation of the pioneer group of the Anna Nery School of Nursing. Created on August 12 of that year, the National Association of Graduate Nurses (NAGN), currently the Brazilian Nursing Association (ABEn), promoted the improvement of professionals and training programs, with a commitment to growing and consolidating scientific development, social and political aspects of nursing, and its history is permeated by the articulation with other organizations, based on ethical principles and on the attributions that were incumbent upon them. Thus, the creation of the Federal (Cofen) and Regional Nursing Councils (Coren) has an intrinsic relationship with the history of ABEn. Many efforts were made to implement the creation of the body that would supervise the practice of nursing professionals. The first efforts took place in the period from 1943 to 1947, but only on July 12, 1973, law 5905 was enacted, which provided for the creation of the Cofen/Coren System, an autarchy linked to the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, which has the Disciplinary function of the professional practice of nursing-9.ABEn started other nursing organizations and boosted their development in Brazil-11. Among other Cofen actions, we mention the approval, through Cofen resolution 564/2017, of the new Code of Ethics for Nursing Professionals. In this process, the Cofen Code of Nursing Deontology, from 1976, and the Code of Ethics of Nursing Professionals, from 1993, reformulated in 2000 and 2007 were considered.After Cofen and Coren were installed, the discussions on the new Professional Practice Law project, which would replace Law 2604/1955, stood out. Thus, law 7498/1986 was approved, regulated by decree 94406/1987In this context, the design of the contributions of class institutions to the professionalization of Brazilian nursing makes it possible to understand their influence and relevance to the conformation of nursing as a profession and field of scientific knowledge in health. It also reinforces, through historical facts, the importance of associative life for the construction and strengthening of professional identity.To analyze the contributions of the Brazilian Nursing Association and the Federal and Regional Nursing Councils in the literature for the professionalization of nursing in the light of Eliot Freidson’s theoretical conceptions. The bibliographic survey, data collection and analysis took place from June 4 to November 29, 2021. The study adopted the recommendations of The PRISMA 2020 Statement: an Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews (PRISMA).Integrative literature review, of socio-professional historical interest for nursing, carried out through the following steps: formulation of the problem and the research question; literature search and application of eligibility criteria for the study; selection of articles; reading and extracting relevant data; analysis and interpretation of data; organization of data into categories and presentation of the synthesis of the knowledge produced: strategy: class institutions constituted the problem (P); contributions to professionalization, the phenomenon of interest (I); and nursing, the context (Co). Thus, the guiding question was elaborated: How did class institutions contribute to the professionalization of Brazilian nursing according to the literature from 2010 to 2020? This strategy enabled the identification of controlled and uncontrolled descriptors, which were selected by consulting the terms in the Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and List of Headings of the Cinahl Information Systems.To select the studies, the research question was formulated based on the PICoThe bibliographic search was carried out by consulting the electronic databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), Digital Nursing Library (BDENF), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System online (MEDLINE® via PubMed®) and Web of Science. The Boolean operators “OR” and “AND” were used to combine the search terms and intensify the reach of the number of articles that answered the research question, which generated the search strategies  for each. Dissertations and theses, case studies, biographies and experience reports were excluded. Also, the articles captured in duplicate were considered only once, keeping them in the specific bases for nursing, followed by the multidisciplinary ones.Original studies were included, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, from January 2010 to December 2020. 2010 was established as the initial year due to the creation of the Scientific Department of Nursing History (DHE) by National ABEn. The DHE is linked to the Center for Studies and Research in Nursing (CEPEn), which has the function of encouraging the development and dissemination of historical research in nursing. The year 2020 was adopted as the final cut, as it has historically impacted society and the profession, professionalism and professionalization of nursing, considering the 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) established this year as the International Year of Nursing and Midwifery, for screening, eligibility and inclusion of studies. The Rayyan QCRI allows the evaluation of studies with the blinding of the auxiliary reviewer, which favors reliability in the selection of information and methodological precision. In the eligibility stage, there was disagreement in 16 studies, which were sent to a third reviewer to issue an opinion on the inclusion or exclusion of the article.It should be noted that two independent reviewers performed the identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion steps. The EndNote reference manager was used to set up the database, identify and eliminate duplicates. Then, the resulting database was exported to the Rayyan Qatar Computing Research Institute (Rayyan QCRI) instrument was used to extract and record the pertinent information. The evidence of the selected articles was presented in a synoptic table, which enabled the construction of a conceptual map, in order to favor the understanding and discussion of the contributions of class institutions in the professional conformation of nursing. The conceptual map was developed by the American Joseph D. Novak, in the 1970s, and is characterized by the hierarchical or schematic structuring of concepts immersed in a network of propositions, which favors the construction of knowledge. It can be considered as a visual representation to share meanings.The form adapted from the Occupational Health Nursing Network (RedENSO)For that, we used the free concept mapping software Cmap Tools 6.03 for Windows, due to the ease of handling and construction of interactive diagrams, whose completion occurred with the use of PowerPoint. The conceptual map construct was based on the concepts of knowledge, autonomy and self-regulation, aspects of a profession by Eliot Freidson, placed at the center of the map and highlighted in bold. The dashed box highlights the ABEn entity with contributions to the development of expertise.Given the methodology used, which was restricted to the use of published data, there was no need for submission to the Research Ethics Committee. The ethical and legal aspects, with regard to authorship, were preserved, and the study did not involve participating subjects at any time.-42, presented in the synoptic table ,32-33,35 and the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem (REBEn),28-31,41 stand out, with about 30% and 26% of production, respectively. All studies used a qualitative approach, of which 78.2% have a historical-social focus.The available evidence on class institutions resulted from the final sample of 23 articlesic table . Of thes. Publications were classified in Level of Evidence VI, resulting from a descriptive or qualitative study.Each article was evaluated to identify the Level of Evidence (LE), according to the concepts of Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, classified into six levels: I for systematic review, meta-analysis or studies from guidelines based on randomized controlled clinical trials; II for at least one randomized controlled clinical trial; III for controlled studies without randomization; IV for case-control or cohort studies, as long as they are well designed; V for systematic review of qualitative and descriptive studies; VI for a single qualitative or descriptive study; VII for the opinion of authorities and/or expert committee reports-33, and the Cofen/Coren in 30%-40; 9% of the articles dealt with these nursing institutions-42.The ABEn entity was present exclusively in 61% of the studiesThese evidence were schematized in a conceptual map , in orde, considering the criteria that distinguish a profession from an occupation, namely: own knowledge and skills, autonomy and self-regulation and especially reliable members,3. In this context, it is clear that the publications from 2010 to 2020 reinforce the contributions of ABEn and the Cofen/Coren system in professional conformation. The grouping of scientific capital, as proposed by the DHE, promotes and preserves the history of nursing in different contexts, contributing to the dissemination of knowledge that permeates the historical process of the profession and its professionalization.Class institutions aim and mobilize the strengthening of nursing-30,31,42.The construction of nursing as a science and a profession result from the constitution of its own field of knowledge and a scientific framework to support and sustain professional practice. This constitution is permeated by the trajectory of different subjects in different contexts, whose appreciation of history, encouraged by the DHE, contributes to the construction of professional identity. Historically, ABEn is the principle behind the design and production of this knowledge for nursing, with initiatives that involve issues related to nursing education and training, scientific research and its propagation among professionals,29,42. These facts show efforts to establish and dominate ownership over a specific field of knowledge, the acquisition of which needs to be taught and perfected, through the structuring of a curriculum that includes the know-how of the profession.Concerning nursing education and training, in the 1940s, ABEn created the project that subsidized law 775/1949 and institutionalized nursing education in Brazil. At the end of the 1960s, she discussed the implications of the University Reform for the training of nurses,32, ABEn, in the 1946 Statute, created state and regional sections,25,30,33. The initiative to form these sections reinforces not only the maintenance of the Brazilian nursing unit, but also the expansion and mastery of decision-making spaces in nursing education and training, being present in the most diverse Brazilian regions. Maintaining the nursing unit was important for its strengthening, since ABEn was the only existing entity with the power to represent Brazilian nursing until the creation of Cofen.In the context of expanding nursing schools in Brazil and in the proposal to form another affiliated association (in the 1940s). In the midst of this process, ABEn held the National Seminars on Guidelines for Nursing Education (SENADEns),29,31, which discussed and encouraged the elaboration and approval of the National Curriculum Guidelines, approved at the turn of the 21st century, in 2001. From then on, ABEn turned to its own implementation and consolidation.Still in the field of education, the 1990s registered two important historical moments for nursing with the involvement of ABEn: the participation of the Education Boards, providing subsidies to the Federal Council of Education, for the approval of the new minimum nursing curriculum, in 1994. In the context of the educational reform that defines the approval of the most important Brazilian law, with regard to education, the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education (LDB), in 1996, in which ABEn undertook strategic efforts in struggles related to to political-expansionist, political-legal and political-organizational guidelines.The process of professionalization of an occupation mainly involves the political processes which occupations obtain the State to grant them the exclusive right to perform certain tasks, to recruit and educate members, to delimit the field of action in relation to other occupations and to define in which the work will consist. The State plays a decisive role in the success of a profession, formally granting it the right to monopolize professional practice in the labor market, inhibiting unfair competition and imposing boundaries of competenceABEn, working together with the Ministry of Education and the Federal Council of Education in the context of the Brazilian educational reform, plays a leading role in directing and reinforcing the formation of expertise necessary for the performance of nursing. Once directed to the production of knowledge and the domain of qualification, there is control of work and ownership of a body of formal knowledge learned in higher education institutions, in other words: the knowledge and qualification necessary for the exercise of the work for the profession.. In this regard, the dissemination of knowledge produced through the publication of the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem (REBEn),29-30,42, created in 1932 under the name Annaes de Enfermagem, stands out. It is configured as a space for the formation of the scientific community, as well as for the structuring of the scientific field. Therefore, it reveals the scientific thinking of Brazilian nursing and ABEn’s associative life policy. REBEn is the materialization of the desire to solidify nursing science knowledge for the collective.Other efforts by ABEn to appropriate the knowledge necessary for nursing and the improvement of this knowledge are recognized, such as the movements for the development of research,29,42, which permeates the organization of spaces for discussion and scientific dissemination of nursing in the national and international scenario-29,31,42 and immortalizes memories, through the preservation of the material and symbolic heritage of nursing. This is the Brazilian Nursing Memory Center, a place where a dense mass of documents accumulated over time is kept, which reveals the preservation of the memory of those who make the association. The exchange of scientific knowledge and nursing practices is also provided by the agenda of the Brazilian Nursing Week, a heritage of ABEn,29,42.The development of scientific activities is also noteworthy as shown in the conceptual map. It begins with the production itself of the first research on the numerical and qualitative situation of Brazilian nursing. This is the case of the specific themes discussed at the Brazilian Nursing Congresses (CBEn). Among these, psychiatric nursing is mentioned, which addresses aspects of the field of practice, professional qualification, as well as conceptual bases for the teaching of psychiatric Nursing.Professional knowledge establishes the authority to have control over one’s work, as described by the sociologist Freidson: “authority of imputed expertise”, that is, professionalization requires the establishment of an authority of expertise, a professional knowledge that is so complex and incomprehensible by lay people, which lends relevance to the work, as well as the recognition of the superiority of knowledge and competence, guaranteeing technical autonomyIt is observed that ABEn contributes to the scientific knowledge of nursing, in order to favor the development of competences for the profession. Thus, it makes it possible to ensure that, in addition to increasing expertise, these professionals have autonomy in their professional practice.. It is understood that nursing is a characteristically autonomous profession, capable of independently exercising its own work in different scenarios. Its object of care is related to human responses and processes of adaptation to situations of health problems, not just compliance with the prescriptions of other professionals who make up the multidisciplinary team.Thus, nursing autonomy is legitimized by the implementation of theories, as well as care based on the systematization of nursing care. Professional autonomy is not obtained by the profession, but results from a political and social process of legal concession, which is conferred on the profession by society. From this perspective, in many of the immense care voids in the Brazilian territory, nursing is present in society. It autonomously performs the care, aiming at the promotion, protection and recovery of the population’s health. The growth of entrepreneurship in nursing and the increase in nursing offices are also emphasized, which reaffirms the autonomy of this profession. Therefore, it cannot be detached from social transformations to reinforce its autonomy and necessity.It is up to nurses to achieve this autonomy, supported by their own knowledge and recognition of the positive value of the profession for societySistema Único de Saúde (SUS), of quality health care for citizens, of laws and public social and health policies, of the consolidation of nursing as a social practice. It is present in municipal and state councils and health conferences,26.In this context, ABEn engages in the most different movements of society. It participates in the fight in defense of the Unified Health System - . It is believed that the articulation of ABEn with other institutions in the world of nursing makes the mission for Brazilian nursing even more expressive. The involvement, under the responsibility of the International Council of Nurses, in the creation of the International Classification of Nursing Practices (ICNP®) and the International Classification of Nursing Practices in Collective Health (CIPESC®), both instruments aimed at support the systematization of nursing care and, consequently, the autonomy of the profession.In addition to social movements, ABEn maintains national and international relations to represent Brazilian nursing. Thus, it participates in the International Council of Nurses (ICN), the Asociación Latinoamericana de Escuelas y Facultades de Enfermería (Aladefe) and the Federación Panamericana de Profissionales de Enfermería (Feppen) and 3780 of 1960, which include the nurse at the technical-scientific level. In addition, there are efforts to build a Nurse staff, hire a nursing professional to replace people without specific training, initiatives to prohibit the misuse of the nursing title and discussion of private actions for nurses. These facts show the concern to regulate and regulate the exercise of the profession by those who possess the necessary expertise.In order to have control over its own work, in addition to investing in knowledge and technical-scientific improvement, ABEn fights to obtain appreciation and regulation of the profession, which has already resulted in laws 2604 of 1955,29,42. Cofen/Corens were created, which granted legitimacy and autonomy to the exercise and specific practice of the profession, in addition to valuing assistance based on ethical and moral principles-40,42.ABEn actively participated in the formation of the legal provisions of the profession, with the creation of a body that self-regulated the practice of nursing and, consequently, protected members and society by guaranteeing the aptitude of those who performed it.Thus, contributions from Corens, such as Minas Gerais, where there was an effort to develop the Technical Chamber of Obstetrics (CTO), in 2007, aim to guarantee autonomy. The creation and mobilization of the CTO has a social and political impact on the valorization of obstetric nursing by bringing professional recognition of obstetric nurses, not only in the service in which they work, but also for the whole society. Thus, the councils help society to trust and feel secure with the work offered. Thus, they safeguard and protect the members and the population. In this context, the current movements of Cofen/Corens and ABEn are emphasized to ensure dignified conditions for professional practice, having as the agenda for discussions and actions the law of the minimum wage for nursing and the 30-hour working day. In addition, the movements seek to guarantee quality training and committed to the development of professional skills, by rejecting undergraduate nursing courses in the distance modality.Recognition comes from the autonomy necessary to achieve professional status. The reach and maintenance of this status depends on the protection of society, which is convinced of the special value of work. The institution of this inspection body was important for the nursing profession, as ABEn has a representative role, but does not have the legal rights to carry out professional registration.The protection granted to members and the population results from the profession’s ability to carry out self-regulation, understood as control of the exercise of expertise carried out by professional associations that hold legal and formal authority granted by the State. In addition, it guarantees power over work, in addition to organizing, regulating and ensuring the quality of the practice of the profession, through professional registration,37-39,41, legislation,41 and inspection activities-40,42. These actions allow it to be practiced by those who have specialized, qualified knowledge and qualifications granted for the exercise, that is, the credential, defending it regarding the quality of care and ethical standards, which favors visibility and recognition-39.Therefore, through the Cofen/Corens system, nursing obtains control of a specific work domain, necessary to achieve autonomy-41. Thus, the existence of an institution that regulates the exercise is essential for the credentialism and self-affirmation of the profession.Cofen and Corens work in the development of this professional class at a local and regional levelThe achievements historically built by nursing class institutions become even more evident in the year 2020, considering the pandemic context of Covid-19. In the midst of the health crisis, nursing once again reaffirms its protagonism, professional practice through knowledge/expertise, self-regulation and autonomy. Professionalism is highlighted in the health scenario and clearly confirms the social need for nursing.In this review, the searches were carried out in databases directed to the area of health and nursing. However, the lack of research in databases in the area of history and cross-search may not have covered all articles on the subject.In addition, the study did not cover the analysis of historical facts implemented by all sections of ABEn, which could also represent a contribution to the conformation of specific or specific knowledge of nursing in a certain region, considering the plurality of the population and Brazilian regions.Class institutions must be strengthened by knowledge and recognition of the contribution to the credentialism of nursing as a profession. From this perspective, many achievements permeate ABEn and Cofen/Coren, and it is important to socialize them. The findings can serve as an incentive to carry out studies that individually address regional nursing sections. Thus, they will highlight, deepen the specificities and expand the knowledge and expertise of each region, so that the actions result in the valorization and professional recognition of autonomy, considering that Brazil is a continental country.Furthermore, making these contributions visible is a relevant agenda to awaken nursing professionals to the importance of associative life, to increase the status quo and understanding of nursing as a practice and social need. The institutions provide an opportunity to expand the debates about the monitoring of professionals in the transformations of the country’s political and social processes, mainly in the guarantee of universal rights to health.The studies included in this review, supported by Fredsonian conceptions, revealed that the nursing institutions Brazilian Nursing Association and Federal and Regional Councils of Nursing contribute to the professionalization process, supported by their own knowledge and the demarcation of expertise, linked to institutionalization, autonomy and self-regulation.The Brazilian Nursing Association was categorical in the struggles and actions that configure the development of expertise through acting in nursing education/education, in the increment of research and in the dissemination of this knowledge through the various forms of socialization. The conformation of this expertise strengthens the delimitation of the areas of necessary competences and skills, differentiating them from other professions. Through the efforts of the Brazilian Nursing Association, the council was created. Thus, there is the emergence of a body that regulates and supervises the exercise of the profession and its self-regulation, supporting the credentials for professional autonomy.It is concluded that the continuous efforts undertaken by these class institutions reverberate in the year 2020 when nursing, in the international year by the World Health Organization, stands out in the leading role in facing the pandemic. It shows itself with technical, scientific, ethical, humanistic and professional competence, confirming its function as an academic and consulting profession, whose practice for the community is based on scientific knowledge produced by peers. Thus, nursing is reinforced as a qualified profession, capable of exercising control over its own work, autonomously. Thus, in different historical contexts, these institutions legitimize Nursing as a health profession in Brazil.


Based on the sixth round of the 2018 Chinese Household Income Project family income survey (CHIP) data, this study made use of the OLS estimation and transfer matrix method to measure and test the problem of obesity intergenerational transmission, analyze whether there is obesity intergenerational transmission as well as between urban and rural areas, gender, and the parental education level and income level on the suppression of the obesity intergenerational transmission effect. The empirical results draw the following main conclusions: obesity intergenerational transmission in Chinese families, the degree of parental obesity has a significant positive impact on the degree of offspring obesity; the higher the degree of parental obesity, the more it can promote the degree of obesity in the offspring. Moreover, the degree of obesity intergenerational transmission is heterogeneous in urban and rural areas and gender. At the same time, the degree of rural obesity intergenerational transmission is higher than that of urban areas, and the degree of male obesity intergenerational transmission is higher than that of women. With rapid economic development, people are pursuing high-quality living standards, from meeting material quantity to improving the quality of life. In this regard, the word “health” has thus become one of the popular social words frequently appearing, and people have become deeply concerned about and discussed it in recent years. According to the World Health Organization’s definition of health, health is a state of physical and mental perfection and good adaptability, and not just a state of the absence of disease and weakness. This is what people refer to as physical and mental health. That is to say, a person is completely healthy in his physical health, mental health, good social adaptation, and moral health, and he is a completely healthy person. Obesity is the focus of modern people, which has the potential harm to human physical health, mental health, social adaptation, and other aspects. Obesity refers to a certain degree of obvious overweight and fat layers being too thick, and is caused by high body fat, especially excessive triglyceride accumulation. Due to excessive food intake or changes in body metabolism, excessive body fat accumulation causes excessive weight growth and in human pathology, causes physiological changes that may also be latent for some time . The folBased on the global prevalence of obesity and the harm to human health, how to suppress the risk of obesity diseases is worth further study. Therefore, this paper analyzes the mechanism of inhibiting obesity intergenerational transmission from the two aspects of education and income and makes use of OLS to estimate the validity of education and income to inhibit obesity intergenerational transmission, which is of great significance for personal health promotion and China’s health strategy, and also provides a certain basis for the precise health promotion policies in China.Galton  first proposed the concept of intergenerational transmission. After this concept was put forward, many scholars have conducted a lot of research on the existence of the intergenerational transmission of income, occupation, education flow, and health, and have achieved fruitful results. In recent years, many scholars have begun to pay attention to the intergenerational transmission of obesity. These studies found that both innate endowment and acquired environment play their own important roles in the intergenerational transmission of obesity. In terms of innate endowment, many scholars believe that parental obesity has a strong positive relationship with offspring obesity. For example, ref.  studied At the level of acquired environment, many scholars believe that the acquired environment, such as education, economic income, and living habits, plays an important influence in the intergenerational transmission of obesity. Some scholars believe education is considered the most important health-influencing factor . This isOn the other hand, the higher the health cognition level of fathers, the richer their health knowledge and the better their understanding of health publicity materials and medicinal instructions to improve the health production efficiency of themselves and their offspring . StudiesSome scholars can analyze the problem of obesity from the perspective of gender and urban and rural residents. Kong Guoshu and Qi Yaqiang  confirm According to the review and combing of the existing literature, it is known that from the research perspective, most existing studies use obesity as the basic measure of healthy intergenerational transmission, and the dynamics of intergenerational transmission of obesity itself are insufficient. In terms of research content, the existing studies mainly focus on the relationship and mechanism of obesity intergenerational transmission and innate inheritance, and few studies explore the extent and mechanism of acquired environmental factors to inhibit obesity intergenerational transmission. In view of this, this paper is based on the complexity of obesity congenital genetic and postpartum obesity innate genetic factors, which is not discussed, mainly from the perspective of the acquired environment, and explore two aspects of education and income to suppress the obesity intergenerational transmission mechanism, and use OLS to estimate education and income to suppress the validity of obesity intergenerational transmission.Education will play an increasingly important role in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan, the Opinions, and the Healthy China Initiative (2019–2030) . Higher The family ecosystem model believes that there are similar living habits and norms in the family system, with a homegroup effect among family members in the same ecosystem. The parental health behavior will bring a demonstration effect on the offspring . GeneratA healthy diet is an important means to restrain physical obesity. In the period of the extensive economic development mode, Chinese residents mainly need physical labor. They need a lot of energy to support the consumption of physical labor, but due to their low income, they can only choose affordable rice, flour, and other high-sugar and fatty foods. With the rapid development of China’s economy and the transformation and upgrading of economic structure, the production form has changed from physical labor to mental labor, and physical energy consumption has been relatively reduced. The original diet structure of residents will lead to excess energy and substances in the body, and a large accumulation of fat cells, resulting in physical obesity . TherefoExercise not only promotes health and disease prevention but also is an important means of weight regulation . With ChThe data of this study were obtained from the sixth round of the China Household Income Project (CHIP) in 2018, which is regarded as the most comprehensive and rigorous public database on micro-incomes in China. The China family income survey is organized by the National Bureau of Statistics, the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and other units. It aims to measure and estimate the income distribution of urban and rural residents in China and generates samples through secondary samples from a large sample of urban survey teams and agricultural survey teams of the National Bureau of Statistics. Six rounds of surveys have been conducted: 1988, 1995, 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2018. By 2018, the CHIP covered information on personal physical characteristics, self-rated health, education, work, and income of 160,000 residents in 31 provinces, which is very suitable for studying issues related to the intergenerational transmission of obesity. Considering that in the vast majority of families, fathers occupy a dominant position in family income and decision making, the relevant information of fathers was selected as the parental sample, and the children’s data were selected to match, data were then combined, duplicate observations were processed for multi-child families, and samples such as missing and inapplicable key variables were eliminated, and finally the overall effective sample size was 3055 pairs.In this paper, the dependent variable was the obesity status of the offspring, with BMI and values as a measure. BMI (body mass index), or BMI index, also known as body mass index, is an important measure of obesity and standard weight. The criteria set by the World Health Organization (WHO) are divided into seven grades: thin (<18.5), normal (18.5~24.9), overweight (≥25), obese (25.0~29.9), obese (30.0~34.9), severe obesity (35.0~39.9), and extremely severe obesity (≥40.0). The independent variable is the obesity status of its parent. At the same time, the income level and education level of the parent generation were selected as the control variables.On the measure of the intergenerational transmission of obesity, this study draws the concept of intergenerational income elasticity (IGE) in economics and proposes intergenerational obesity elasticity. Intergenerational obesity elasticity is regarded as the main measure of obesity intergenerational transmission, mainly by examining the correlation between the degree of offspring obesity and the degree of paternal obesity, to determine how far the level of offspring obesity is determined by the level of paternal obesity. The higher the correlation between the offspring obesity levels and the paternal obesity levels means that the greater the extent the offspring obesity level is determined by the paternal obesity levels. This also means that the paternal obesity gap is transmitted with intergenerational obesity, affecting and even determining the obesity gap between offspring. Therefore, the use of intergenerational obesity elasticity can measure the degree of intergenerational obesity transmission in a relative sense.(1)Benchmark Model of Obesity in Intergenerational TransmissionCovIntergenerational Obesity Transfer MatrixjX and Y in ] are the obesity distributions of the parent and the offspring, respectively, and X- -Y indicates the obesity distribution to transition from X of the parent to Y of the offspring, and each element P in the matrixij. Parent represents the probability of offspring in the i-th group and offspring in the j-th group.The intergenerational obesity transfer matrix is able to describe the position of the offspring of different obese groups in their peers, intuitively describing the degree of the intergenerational transmission of obesity. Intergenerational obesity transfer matrix The intergenerational obesity transfer matrix was calculated as follows. First, the paternal population and offspring population samples were divided into five BMI index levels according to their obesity levels, marking the level of paternal obesity and offspring obesity in each family sample. Then, using the parent obesity as the benchmark, the calculation results of each obesity level were calculated in the matrix form to obtain the intergenerational obesity transfer matrix, The specific form is as follows:(3)Correlation model of obesity intergenerational transmission inhibition pathwayX is the control variable , Correlation models of obesity intergenerational paths look at identifying the role of different classes of intermediate variables in intergenerational transmission. It is mainly to place the corresponding intermediate variables in the simple regression to construct the conditional obesity elasticity, and to obtain the importance of the conditional obesity elasticity by examining the importance of the corresponding intermediate variables on the intergenerational transmission of obesity. The specific model is as follows:The ratio of changes in conditional intergenerational resilience relative to intergenerational resilience calculated by analyzing each proxy variable According to the statistical analysis of each variable, the lowest value of BMI in the offspring was 15.241, the highest value was 28.354, and the mean value was 20.514. The lowest parent BMI value was 15.242, the highest value was 28.345, and the mean value was 23.255. In terms of the level of parental education, the subjects differed greatly, with the highest years of education being 22 years, the lowest years being only 5 years, and an average years of education being 9.268 years. In terms of the economic income of the father generation, the differences between the main subjects were also relatively large. The highest annual income was 1 million yuan, the lowest annual income was 0, and the average annual income was 43.929. Household type and gender were binary variables, assigned 1 for city and 0 for rural areas; 1 for men and 0 for women. See also those listed in  for detaAccording to the BMI index standard formulated by the World Health Organization (WHO), this study selected four grades of thin, normal, overweight, and obesity to provide evidence of analysis for the intergenerational transmission of obesity in China. As shown in p = 0.000, indicate that offspring obesity and paternal obesity were significantly correlated, indicating that there was intergenerational transmission of obesity in China. The intergenerational transmission coefficient of obesity was 0.328, indicating that paternal obesity had a significant positive effect on offspring obesity, that is, the higher the degree of parental obesity, the higher the degree of offspring obesity. The intergenerational transmission coefficient of obesity was 0.328, indicating that for every 1 increase in the BMI coefficient of the parent, the BMI coefficient of the offspring increased by 0.328.The results of full-sample regression, as shown in p = 0.000, indicating that offspring obesity and paternal obesity were significantly correlated, indicating that there was intergenerational transmission of obesity in rural China, and paternal obesity had a significant positive impact on offspring obesity. The intergenerational transmission coefficient of urban obesity was 0.318, p = 0.000, indicating that offspring obesity and paternal obesity were significantly correlated, indicating that there was intergenerational transmission of obesity in Chinese cities, and paternal obesity had a significant positive impact on offspring obesity. At the same time, it also shows that there are differences in the intergenerational transmission of obesity between urban and rural areas, and the degree of intergenerational transmission of obesity in rural areas is higher than that in cities.From the perspective of urban–rural differences, as shown in p = 0.000, indicating that son obesity was significantly related to paternal obesity, indicating that there was intergenerational transmission of obesity between father and son, and paternal obesity had a significant positive impact on son obesity. The intergenerational transmission coefficient of obesity between father and daughter was 0.270, p = 0.000, indicating that daughter obesity and paternal obesity were significantly correlated, indicating that there was intergenerational transmission of obesity between father and daughter, and paternal obesity had a significant positive effect on daughter obesity. At the same time, it also shows that there are differences in the intergenerational transmission of obesity between men and women, and the degree of intergenerational transmission of obesity in sons is higher than that of daughters.From the perspective of sex differences, as shown in According to In addition, after controlling for the economic income level of the parent, the benchmark regression coefficient of obesity intergenerational transmission decreased from 0.328 to 0.312, that is, for every 1 increase of the parent BMI coefficient, the added value of the offspring BMI coefficient decreased from 0.328 to 0.312 see . This shThis paper focuses on the intergenerational transmission of obesity in Chinese residents, paternal obesity on offspring obesity, and the greatest impact on fat, further measuring education and income on the intergenerational transmission of obesity in Chinese residents . The resThe degree of obesity intergenerational transmission varies between urban and rural areas, with higher intergenerational transmission in rural areas than in urban areas. This result may be due to the large differences in medical and health conditions, and infrastructure and living environment between urban and rural China, all of which can affect the intergenerational transmission of obesity. For rural residents, the restriction of medical infrastructure makes rural residents more likely to fall into the poor transmission of intergenerational obesity. Urban residents themselves have a high health level, and have innate advantages in the utilization of medical resources. Therefore, there is little room for urban residents to improve the intergenerational transmission of obesity. On the other hand, due to the low income in rural areas, low-income families constrained by income invest less in the health of their offspring, and the paternal level of education of rural residents is relatively low, which will ignore the health education of their children to some extent, and it is more likely to lead to the intergenerational transmission of adverse obesity. This also shows that the degree of obesity intergenerational transmission is related to the income gap and the education level. Improving the economic development level of rural areas, increasing the per capita income of residents, improving the medical and health conditions, and the popularization of high education are effective means to curb the intergenerational transmission of obesity.There are gender differences in the degree of obesity intergenerational transmission, with a higher degree of obesity intergenerational transmission in men than in women. Specifically, boys’ BMI values tend to be higher, which may be more pronounced in traditional Chinese family parenting culture, especially in rural societies or intergenerational parenting families. In addition, in Chinese social culture, women hold the concept of thin beauty as a dominant position in society. Therefore, women will actively take some behaviors to control their weight and maintain a slim and symmetrical body shape. On the other hand, women are in a weak position in the labor market and are vulnerable to discrimination in the labor market. In order to avoid the negative effects of obesity, women pay more attention to their own health investment and healthy lifestyle, and increase exercise time to control the obesity index.Based on the sixth round of the 2018 Chinese family income survey (CHIP), using the variable method tool of empirical test of Chinese residents’ obesity intergenerational transmission problems, the following main conclusions can be drawn:1. Improving the parental education level can effectively inhibit the intergenerational transmission of obesity. First, with the improvement of parental education level, parental health cognition level also increased simultaneously. The improvement of parental health cognition can have a more comprehensive understanding of the harm of obesity on physical function and the negative impact on career development, social communication, psychology, and other aspects. Promoting parental scientific intervention of the offspring, such as healthy diet, regular physical activity, and behavior, standardized living habits, and the input of healthy ideas, can effectively avoid the occurrence of offspring obesity. Second, the improvement of parental education level, its learning ability, information literacy ability, and knowledge application ability, knowledge is relatively high, relatively rich, and can closely be linked to health promotion practice, and combined with offspring health characteristics of age and gender, and targeted offspring health promotion, it is more efficient in achieving health goals and avoid the risk of offspring obesity. Finally, the improvement of paternal health cognition can have a more comprehensive understanding of the importance of health in the life cycle process, stimulate the motivation of self to pursue health, and consciously regulate health behavior . In the 2. Increasing the parental income level can effectively inhibit the intergenerational transmission of obesity. At present, healthy diet, regular sports, and perfect health care services are the common ways to control and prevent overweight and obesity . These wDespite the valuable results of the investigation, the paper has a few limitations. Thus, it would be better to extend the sample for analysis (by number and geography) which allow obtaining more reliable conclusion.