---
license: mit
task_categories:
- visual-question-answering
language:
- en
- zh
tags:
- chemistry
- biology
- benchmark
- science
- earth
- material
- life
- astronomy
pretty_name: SFE
size_categories:
- n<1K
configs:
- config_name: en
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: "test.en.parquet"
- config_name: zh
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: "test.zh.parquet"
---

## Repackaging Notice / 재패키징 안내 / 重新打包说明

**English**  
This dataset is a repackaged version of the multimodal dataset [`InternScience/SFE`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/InternScience/SFE), based on its 2025-06-11 release. The original content has been preserved, while all images have been embedded directly into the dataset files to simplify usage and distribution on the Hugging Face Hub.  
For the original dataset description, license, and citation, please refer to the source dataset.

**한국어 (Korean)**  
이 데이터셋은 멀티모달 데이터셋 [`InternScience/SFE`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/InternScience/SFE)의 2025-06-11 버전을 기반으로 재패키징한 것입니다. 원본 데이터 내용은 유지하면서, Hugging Face Hub에서의 사용 편의성을 위해 모든 이미지를 데이터셋 내부에 임베딩했습니다.  
데이터셋 설명, 라이선스 및 인용 정보는 원본 데이터셋을 참고하시기 바랍니다.

**中文 (Chinese)**  
本数据集基于多模态数据集 [`InternScience/SFE`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/InternScience/SFE) 的 2025-06-11 版本进行重新打包。在保持原始数据内容不变的前提下，我们将所有图像直接嵌入到数据文件中，以便在 Hugging Face Hub 上更方便地使用和分发。  
有关原始数据集的描述、许可证和引用信息，请参考源数据集。


# <center>Scientists' First Exam: Probing Cognitive Abilities of MLLM via Perception, Understanding, and Reasoning</center>

## Evaluations

We use [lmms-eval](https://github.com/EvolvingLMMs-Lab/lmms-eval) for evaluations. Please see [here](./evaluations/README.md) for more details.


## License

SFE is released under the MIT License. See [LICENSE](./LICENSE) for more details.


## Reference

If you find SFE useful in your research, please consider citing the following paper:

```bibtex
@misc{zhou2025scientistsexamprobingcognitive,
      title={Scientists' First Exam: Probing Cognitive Abilities of MLLM via Perception, Understanding, and Reasoning}, 
      author={Yuhao Zhou and Yiheng Wang and Xuming He and Ruoyao Xiao and Zhiwei Li and Qiantai Feng and Zijie Guo and Yuejin Yang and Hao Wu and Wenxuan Huang and Jiaqi Wei and Dan Si and Xiuqi Yao and Jia Bu and Haiwen Huang and Tianfan Fu and Shixiang Tang and Ben Fei and Dongzhan Zhou and Fenghua Ling and Yan Lu and Siqi Sun and Chenhui Li and Guanjie Zheng and Jiancheng Lv and Wenlong Zhang and Lei Bai},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2506.10521},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.AI},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10521}, 
}
```