Datasets:
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license: other
license_name: research-use-cite-source
license_link: https://github.com/ChangeCapsInRS/MOSAIC-SEN2-CC
task_categories:
- image-text-to-text
tags:
- earth-observation
- change-detection
- sentinel-2
- remote-sensing
language:
- en
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
---
# danvinci/mosaic_sen2_cc_change_detection
Multi-image change-detection reformat of the
[MOSAIC-SEN2-CC dataset](https://github.com/ChangeCapsInRS/MOSAIC-SEN2-CC)
(Tuzlupinar et al., IEEE JSTARS 2025), prepared for vision-language
fine-tuning of `LiquidAI/LFM2.5-VL-1.6B`.
## Splits
| split | rows | source |
|--------------|--------------|--------------------------------|
| `train` | 29281 | full MOSAIC TRAIN partition |
| `validation` | 700 | balanced 33% positive sample |
## Schema
Each row is a (before_img, after_img, prompt, answer, schema_id) tuple:
| field | type | description |
|--------------|-------------|----------------------------------------------|
| `before_img` | PIL Image | Sentinel-2 RGB tile before the change window |
| `after_img` | PIL Image | Sentinel-2 RGB tile after the change window |
| `prompt` | string | Per-schema predicate prompt |
| `answer` | string | JSON-shaped object **or** literal `"null"` |
| `schema_id` | string | One of 7 change-event schemas (see below) |
## Change-event schemas (7)
Each schema lives at `schemas/<schema_id>.json` and defines the positive-event
field spec. Predicate prompts in the dataset reference these contracts.
- `ConstructionProgress` — building / road footprint expansion
- `FloodExtentChange` — water surface expansion (excludes stable water)
- `IceExtentChange` — sea / lake / glacier ice retreat or growth
- `ThermalHotspot` — wildfire / volcanic / industrial heat anomaly
- `UrbanChangeDelta` — generic urban land-cover delta
- `VegetationStress` — drought / disease / clear-cut signal
- `WetlandChange` — wetland surface delta
## Usage
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("danvinci/mosaic_sen2_cc_change_detection")
print(ds)
# DatasetDict({
# train: Dataset(...29281 rows),
# validation: Dataset(...700 rows),
# })
row = ds["train"][0]
row["before_img"] # PIL.Image (RGB Sentinel-2 tile)
row["after_img"] # PIL.Image
row["prompt"] # "Did urban-change-delta occur..."
row["answer"] # JSON object or "null"
row["schema_id"] # "UrbanChangeDelta"
```
## Auxiliary files at repo root
- `schemas/<schema_id>.json` — 7 field-spec contracts
- `mosaic_reformat_v0.jsonl` — original row-metadata (before/after tile paths,
split assignment, expected_output) used to build the prepared Arrow
## Provenance + license notes
This is a **derivative reformat** of the
[MOSAIC-SEN2-CC dataset](https://github.com/ChangeCapsInRS/MOSAIC-SEN2-CC),
not the canonical release. The reformat collapses MOSAIC's change-detection
annotations into a uniform image-text-to-text supervised contract suitable
for VLM fine-tuning, but the underlying tile pairs and labels originate from
the upstream MOSAIC project.
License posture (the upstream repo does **not** ship an explicit LICENSE
file — typical academic-dataset gray zone):
- **Sentinel-2 imagery** is redistributable: ESA Copernicus Sentinel data is
released under the Copernicus "free, full and open access" license.
- **MOSAIC change-detection annotations**: research/academic use under
citation is the established norm; non-research / commercial redistribution
may require explicit permission from the original authors. Contact the
upstream maintainers via the GitHub repo for any non-research use.
- **The reformat itself** (this repo's prompt structure, schema definitions,
Arrow layout) is shared under the same research-use-cite-source posture
as the upstream MOSAIC.
Built during the DPhi Space x Liquid AI hackathon (May 2026) as part of the
[liquid_space](https://github.com/danvinci/liquid_space) project.
## Citation
Always cite the upstream MOSAIC-SEN2-CC paper when using this reformat:
```bibtex
@ARTICLE{karaca2025robust,
author={Busra Tuzlupinar and Enes Ozelbas and Mehmet Fatih Amasyali and Ali Can Karaca},
journal={IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing},
title={Introducing MOSAIC-SEN2-CC: A Multispectral Dataset and Adaptation Framework for Remote Sensing Change Captioning},
year={2025},
volume={18},
pages={25410-25426},
doi={10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3615113}
}
```
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